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Mogose B, Bisrat D, Asres K. In Vivo Antidiarrheal Potential of the Leaf Extract of Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe and Its Major Compound. J Trop Med 2024; 2024:5922487. [PMID: 38803577 PMCID: PMC11129909 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5922487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea continues to be one of the top causes of death in children under the age of five, particularly in developing nations. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, a variety of medicinal plants are used to treat diarrhea. One of these plants is Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe (fam. Celastraceae), which is endemic to the Afromontane forests, especially along forest margins, of Ethiopia. The air-dried powdered leaves of M. addat were macerated with 80% methanol to yield a crude extract. Additionally, the powdered plant material underwent sequential solvent extraction using chloroform, methanol, and water to obtain solvent fractions. The 80% methanol leaf extract, solvent fractions, and an isolated compound from M. addat were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrheal model, anti-enteropooling test, and charcoal meal test in mice. The results showed that the 80% methanolic leaf extract significantly reduced the onset of diarrhea, the weight of feces, and the frequency of defecation in all the tested doses. The methanol and water fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract also exhibited dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity, with the methanol fraction showing the highest activity at 400 mg/kg dose. Subsequently, the most active methanol fraction was subjected to C-18 solid phase extraction, resulting in the isolation of a 3-hydroxyflavone, identified as quercetin by ESI-qToF-MS, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Quercetin demonstrated a strong antidiarrheal activity in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the present study provided evidence that the leaves of M. addat possess genuine antidiarrheal activity upholding the traditional medicinal use of the plant for the treatment of diarrhea. The findings also suggest that quercetin is responsible, in full or in part, for the activity of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonsa Mogose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bisrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Szadkowska D, Chłopecka M, Strawa JW, Jakimiuk K, Augustynowicz D, Tomczyk M, Mendel M. Effects of Cirsium palustre Extracts and Their Main Flavonoids on Colon Motility-An Ex Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17283. [PMID: 38139112 PMCID: PMC10743795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, various species from the genus Cirsium have been utilized in traditional medicine worldwide. A number of ethnopharmacological reports have pointed out that Cirsium plants can be applied to diminish digestive problems. Among them, Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) stands out as a promising herbal drug candidate because its constituents exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, as evidenced by ethnopharmacological reports. As a result, the species is particularly intriguing as an adjunctive therapy for functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders. Our research goal was to verify how the extracts, fractions, and main flavonoids of C. palustre affect colon contractility under ex vivo conditions. An alternative model with porcine-isolated colon specimens was used to identify the effects of C. palustre preparations and their primary flavonoids. LC-ESI-MS was utilized to evaluate the impacts of methanol (CP1), methanolic 50% (CP2), and aqueous (CP3) extracts as well as diethyl ether (CP4), ethyl acetate (CP5), and n-butanol (CP6) fractions. Additionally, the impacts of four flavonoids, apigenin (API), luteolin (LUT), apigenin 7-O-glucuronide (A7GLC), and chrysoeriol (CHRY), on spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced motility were assessed under isometric conditions. The results showed that C. palustre extracts, fractions, and their flavonoids exhibit potent motility-regulating effects on colonic smooth muscle. The motility-regulating effect was observed on spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced contractility. All extracts and fractions exhibited an enhancement of the spontaneous contractility of colonic smooth muscle. For acetylcholine-induced activity, CP1, CP2, and CP4 caused a spasmolytic effect, and CP5 and CP6 had a spasmodic effect. LUT and CHRY showed a spasmolytic effect in the case of spontaneous and acetylcholine-induced activity. In contrast, API and A7GLC showed a contractile effect in the case of spontaneous and pharmacologically induced activity. Considering the results obtained from the study, C. palustre could potentially provide benefits in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by hypomotility and hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Szadkowska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Jakub W. Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Daniel Augustynowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (D.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Mendel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.C.)
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Kryeziu I, Reçica S, Thaçi Q, Kurshumliu F, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Basholli-Salihu M, Mladenov M, Sopi RB. Quercetin supplementation attenuates airway hyperreactivity and restores airway relaxation in rat pups exposed to hyperoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1492-1499. [PMID: 37837396 PMCID: PMC10666724 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia exposure of immature lungs contributes to lung injury and airway hyperreactivity. Up to now, treatments of airway hyperreactivity induced by hyperoxia exposure have been ineffective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity, impaired relaxation, and lung inflammation. Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2 > 95%) or ambient air (AA) for seven days. Subgroups were injected with quercetin (10 mg·kg-1·day-1). After exposures, tracheal cylinders were prepared for in vitro wire myography. Contraction to methacholine was measured in the presence or absence of organ bath quercetin and/or Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Relaxation responses were evoked in preconstricted tissues using electrical field stimulation (EFS). Lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Contractile responses of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) of hyperoxic animals were significantly increased compared with AA animals (P < 0.001). Treatment with quercetin significantly reduced contraction in hyperoxic groups compared with hyperoxic control (P < 0.01), but did not have any effect in AA groups. In hyperoxic animals, relaxation of TSM was significantly reduced compared with AA animals (P < 0.001), while supplementation of quercetin restored the lost relaxation in hyperoxic groups. Incubation of preparations in L-NAME significantly reduced the quercetin effects on both contraction and relaxation (P < 0.01). Treatment of hyperoxic animals with quercetin significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with hyperoxic controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively).The findings of this study demonstrate the protective effect of quercetin on airway hyperreactivity and suggest that quercetin might serve as a novel therapy to prevent and treat neonatal hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Kryeziu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shkëlzen Reçica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Qëndrim Thaçi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Fisnik Kurshumliu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ramadan B Sopi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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Xu RA, Li QQ, Gao NY, Wang J, Li XY, Ye F, Ni JH, Hu GX, Qian JC. Effect of flavonoids and CYP3A4 variants on midostaurin metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113669. [PMID: 36805545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of flavonoids on midostaurin disposition considering co-administration and metabolic enzyme gene polymorphism. Enzymatic incubation assays were performed in vitro, while in vivo experiments were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. The analytes were determined via UPLC-MS/MS. We found that myricetin was the most potent among the investigated 10 flavonoids in suppressing the metabolism of midostaurin, with an IC50 at a low μM level. After co-administration of midostaurin and myricetin, the plasma concentration of midostaurin's primary metabolite CGP62221 was reduced corresponding to myricetin exposure. Furthermore, CYP3A4 homologous rat protein CYP3A2 was reduced significantly in the co-administration group. Thereafter, the kinetic parameters of 23 recombinant human CYP3A4 variants were determined using midostaurin. The relative intrinsic clearance varied from 269.63% in CYP3A4.29-8.95% in CYP3A4.17. In addition, the inhibitory potency of myricetin was substantially different for CYP3A4.29 and CYP3A4.17 compared with wild type, with IC50 values of 9.85 ± 0.27 μM and 90.99 ± 16.13 μM, respectively. Collectively, our data demonstrated that flavonoids, particularly myricetin, can inhibit the metabolism of midostaurin. Additionally, CYP3A4 genetic polymorphism may contribute to stratification of midostaurin blood exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan-Yong Gao
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Huan Ni
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Chang Qian
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Involvement of NO/cGMP Signaling Pathway, Ca 2+ and K + Channels on Spasmolytic Effect of Everlasting Flower Polyphenolic Extract ( Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214422. [PMID: 36430899 PMCID: PMC9696489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID) are worldwide prevalent conditions. Pharmacological treatments can be ineffective, leading the population to turn to herbal or traditional remedies. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench is a medicinal plant traditionally used in the Iberian Peninsula to treat digestive disorders, but its effects on gastrointestinal motility have not been scientifically demonstrated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antispasmodic effect of a polyphenolic extract of H. stoechas (HSM), its mechanism of action and its antioxidant activity. Isometric myography studies were performed in rat ileum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) levels were measured in rat jejunum. HSM reduced the integrated mechanical activity of spontaneous contractions. In Ca2+-free medium, HSM reduced the concentration-response curve of CaCl2 similarly to verapamil. Pre-incubation with the extract blocked the contraction induced by Bay K8644, KCl and carbachol. L-NAME, ODQ, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, KT-5823, apamin, TRAM-34 and charybdotoxin reduced the relaxant effect of the extract on spontaneous contractions. MDA+4-HDA levels in LPS-treated tissue were reduced by the extract, showing antioxidant activity. In conclusion, HSM showed antispasmodic activity through inhibition of Ca2+ influx, activation of the NO/PKG/cGMP pathway and opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The results suggest that H. stoechas could help in the prevention or treatment of FGIDs.
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Cerantola S, Faggin S, Annaloro G, Mainente F, Filippini R, Savarino EV, Piovan A, Zoccatelli G, Giron MC. Influence of Tilia tomentosa Moench Extract on Mouse Small Intestine Neuromuscular Contractility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103505. [PMID: 34684506 PMCID: PMC8541069 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and bowel disturbances. FGID therapy is primarily symptomatic, including treatment with herbal remedies. Flower extract of Tilia tomentosa Moench (TtM) is occasionally used as an anti-spasmodic in popular medicine. Since its effect on intestinal response is unknown, we evaluated the influence of TtM extract on small intestine contractility. Ileal preparations from C57BL/6J mice were mounted in organ baths to assess changes in muscle tension, following addition of TtM extract (0.5–36 μg/mL) or a vehicle (ethanol). Changes in contractile response to receptor- and non-receptor-mediated stimuli were assessed in ileal preparations pretreated with 12 μg/mL TtM. Alterations in the enteric nervous system neuroglial network were analyzed by confocal immunofluorescence. Increasing addition of TtM induced a marked relaxation in ileal specimens compared to the vehicle. Pretreatment with TtM affected cholinergic and tachykininergic neuromuscular contractions as well as K+-induced smooth muscle depolarization. Following incubation with TtM, a significant reduction in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic-mediated relaxation sensitive to Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (pan-nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) was found. In vitro incubation of intestinal specimens with TtM did not affect the myenteric plexus neuroglial network. Our findings show that TtM-induced intestinal relaxation is mediated by nitric oxide pathways, providing a pharmacological basis for the use of TtM in FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Faggin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriela Annaloro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (R.F.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-5091
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Antispasmodic, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of extracts from Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand leaves. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:141-151. [PMID: 35528474 PMCID: PMC9072823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schinus lentiscifolius (Anacardiaceae) is widely used in folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal and emotional complaints but there are no scientific studies that support these uses. This work aims at evaluating the antispasmodic and central effects of S. lentiscifolius as well as the flavonoids presence in the tincture (SchT) and the composition of the essential oil (SchO). SchT inhibited the concentration-response curves (CRC) of carbachol and calcium in a non-competitive way in isolated rat intestine, bladder and uterus. SchT also non-competitively inhibited the CRC of histamine in guinea-pig intestine and the CRCs of serotonin and oxytocin in rat uterus. Isoquercetin and rutin were identified in SchT. The behavioral effects of SchT, SchO and infusion of S. lentiscifolius leaves (SchW) were tested in mice. These extracts showed an anxiolytic-like effect in the novelty-suppressed feeding test, which was reversed by flumazenil except in SchO-treated mice. Only SchO reduced the spontaneous locomotor function in the open field test. Also, SchT and SchW decreased immobility time in both, the tail suspension (TST) and forced swimming tests, while SchO produced the same effect in the TST. d-limonene and α-santalol were the main components found in SchO. The results demonstrated that extracts obtained from S. lentiscifolius leaves were effective as intestinal, urinary and uterine antispasmodics. SchT and SchW exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressant properties without sedation, whereas SchO showed also sedative properties. Therefore, the present study gives preclinical support to the traditional use of this plant for gastrointestinal and depressive or emotional symptoms. Schinus lentiscifolius is popularly consumed for its medicinal properties but there are no scientific studies in this regard. •We evaluated its effects on visceral smooth muscle and central nervous system. Our findings reinforce its traditional uses. •In addition, we propose possible new therapeutic applications.
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Modzelewska B, Drygalski K, Kleszczewski T, Chomentowski A, Koryciński K, Kiełczewska A, Pawłuszewicz P, Razak Hady H. Quercetin relaxes human gastric smooth muscles directly through ATP-sensitive potassium channels and not depending on the nitric oxide pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14093. [PMID: 33528064 PMCID: PMC8365708 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin has recently become a remarkably popular subject of research due to its broad beneficial pharmacological properties. The goal of our study was to observe its effects on contractility of human gastric smooth muscles in reference to the NO pathway and direct influence of potassium channels. METHODS Tissues were obtained from patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy due to morbid obesity (n = 10 aged 24-56; BMI 47.16 ± 1.84). The following parameters were evaluated in the recordings: area under the curve (AUC), average baseline muscle tone, and relative change in muscle contraction. KEY RESULTS Quercetin induced noticeable, dose-dependent relaxation of the carbachol treated gastric strips. The substantial effect was noted at concentrations higher than 10-7 mol/L and maximal at 10-4 mol/L (81.82 ± 3.32%; n = 10; p < 0.0001) of the control. Neither NOS blockers nor guanylyl cyclase blockers had inhibitory effects on the relaxation of strips induced by examined polyphenol. Glibenclamide inhibited the relaxing effect of quercetin, significant at concentrations higher than 5⋅10-5 mol/L. Preincubation with charybdotoxin or apamin extended the relaxing effect of quercetin (from 10-6 mol/L). Tamoxifen, in turn, significantly increased muscle relaxation at all quercetin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In conclusion, the current study was the first to show that quercetin-induced relaxation of human gastric smooth muscle occurs directly through K+ATP channels and independently to NO pathways. The present results suggest that quercetin is a potential nutraceutical in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal dyspepsia and other minor gastric muscle motility disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Modzelewska
- Department of BiophysicsMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrycja Pawłuszewicz
- Clinical Department of General and Endocrine SurgeryMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- Clinical Department of General and Endocrine SurgeryMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
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DeRango-Adem EF, Blay J. Does Oral Apigenin Have Real Potential for a Therapeutic Effect in the Context of Human Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681477. [PMID: 34084146 PMCID: PMC8167032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone) is a plant flavone that has been found to have various actions against cancer cells. We evaluated available evidence to determine whether it is feasible for apigenin to have such effects in human patients. Apigenin taken orally is systemically absorbed and recirculated by enterohepatic and local intestinal pathways. Its bioavailability is in the region of 30%. Once absorbed from the oral route it reaches maximal circulating concentration (Cmax) after a time (Tmax) of 0.5–2.5h, with an elimination half-life (T1/2) averaging 2.52 ± 0.56h. Using a circulating concentration for efficacy of 1–5μmol/L as the target, we evaluated data from both human and rodent pharmacokinetic studies to determine if a therapeutic concentration would be feasible. We find that oral intake of dietary materials would require heroic ingestion amounts and is not feasible. However, use of supplements of semi-purified apigenin in capsule form could reach target blood levels using amounts that are within the range currently acceptable for other supplements and medications. Modified formulations or parenteral injection are suitable but may not be necessary. Further work with direct studies of pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes are necessary to fully evaluate whether apigenin will contribute to a useful clinical strategy, but given emerging evidence that it may interact beneficially with chemotherapeutic drugs, this is worthy of emphasis. In addition, more effective access to intestinal tissues from the oral route raises the possibility that apigenin may be of particular relevance to gastrointestinal disorders including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Teves MR, Matera S, Consolini AE, Wendel GH. Effect of the leaves aqueous extract of Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) on intestinal function and its acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113205. [PMID: 32739567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Argentine traditional medicine it is recorded the use of Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) leaves for treating various affections that compromise the intestinal normal functioning. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the effect of J. rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract on the intestinal function by means of in vivo and ex vivo experimental assays for determinate the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic capacity. Furthermore, was to evaluate its acute toxicity potential by oral and intraperitoneal administration of extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo assays were conducted by the experimental techniques of intestinal transit in mice, intestinal fluid accumulation in rats and Castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In the ex vivo assays, isolated rat duodenum and ileum segments were used for to evaluate the antispasmodic activity through contractile concentration-response curves induced by Carbachol and CaCl2. The acute toxicity of the extract was also investigated by oral and intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS The extract intraperitoneal administration at the doses 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, caused a marked reduction in the normal intestinal transit and in the number of diarrheal episodes in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extract did not produce significant changes in the intestinal fluid accumulation with any of the tested dose. The extract demonstrated a non-competitive inhibitory effect on the contractions of intestinal smooth muscle experimentally provoked by the spasmogenic agents Carbachol and CaCl2 in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.57 ± 1.38 and 6.29 ± 1.54 mg extract/ml Tyrode solution in the isolated organ bath, respectively). ANOVA indicated a significative effect of treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence achieved based in the used experimental models allows us to indicate that J. rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract manifest an antispasmodic activity on intestinal smooth muscle without observation of apparent toxicity symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Roberto Teves
- Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Matera
- Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia Elvira Consolini
- Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela Haydée Wendel
- Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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Duangjai A, Parseatsook K, Sajjapong W, Saokaew S. Assessment of Polygonum odoratum Lour. Leaf Extract on Rat's Ileum Contraction and the Mechanisms Involved. J Med Food 2020; 23:1169-1175. [PMID: 32976072 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vietnamese coriander (Polygonum odoratum Lour.) is a plant native to northern Thailand. The biological activities of P. odoratum Lour. extract (POE) include antibacterial, antiviral, and expectorant. However, the effect of POE on intestinal smooth muscle motility is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relaxant effects of POE on isolated rat ileum. Propranolol (1 μM), calcium chloride (1-20 mM), and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME, 100 μM) were used to investigate the mechanisms of action. The results showed that POE (0.01-5 mg/mL) reduced KCl-induced contraction. In addition, POE (1 mg/mL) reduced the contraction by propranolol and l-NAME and attenuated CaCl2-induced contractions. Our results indicate that the relaxation effect of POE on ileum contractions seems to involve nitric oxide and β-adrenergic pathways, and blockade of calcium influx. These findings provide a pharmacological basis for the traditional use of POE to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Duangjai
- Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Parseatsook
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Wittawas Sajjapong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Soy isoflavones are known to have beneficial effects on several aspects of gastrointestinal physiological functions (contractility or motility, secretion, morphology, and barrier function). In this review, we discuss the effects of soy isoflavones on the overall gut function and inflammation and assess how these effects might be implicated in the treatment of several gut-related diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Soy isoflavones influence several key aspects of gastrointestinal health: improve basal intestinal secretion, alleviate inflammation, limit intestinal morphological damage, and improve epithelial barrier function in several clinically relevant murine models of gastrointestinal diseases. Dietary supplementation with isoflavones proves to be a key means to improve the overall gut function and health. Future mechanistic studies with isoflavone interventions will help treat clinically related diseases such as cystic fibrosis and inflammatory-related gut problems such as colitis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Nakkash
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
| | - Aaron Kubinski
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
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MacNicol JL, Murrant C, Pearson W. The influence of a simulated digest of an equine dietary feed additive G's formula on contractile activity of gastric smooth muscle in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1919-1926. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Coral Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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Reed L, MacNicol JL, Charchoglyan A, Brewer D, Murrant C, Pearson W. A Botanical-Based Equine Nutraceutical Reduces Gastric Smooth Muscle Contractile Force In Vitro. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102836. [PMID: 31864457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a botanical-based equine nutraceutical on contractility of gastric smooth muscle in vitro. Gastric ulcers are prevalent in performance horses and negatively impact horse welfare. Gastric hypermotility has been positively associated with the development of gastric ulceration in nonequine species, and reduction of hypermotility may be protective against their development. Stomachs from 12 pigs processed for food at a provincially inspected abattoir were collected within 1 hour of slaughter. Explants of nonglandular gastric tissue were prepared and suspended in a tissue bath, attached to a force transducer, in the presence or absence of a simulated digest extract of the nutraceutical. Tissue was stimulated to contract using increasing doses of acetylcholine. Peak and mean contractile force over 1 and 2 minutes after exposure to acetylcholine were measured. Exposure of gastric smooth muscle to the nutraceutical significantly reduced contractility of the tissue. These data provide support for the use of this nutraceutical to reduce contractility of nonglandular gastric smooth muscle and may indicate a protective effect of this nutraceutical in horses with mechanically induced gastric ulcers. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of gastric hypermotility on development of equine gastric ulcers and to determine the effect of this nutraceutical on equine gastric contractility and ulcerogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexie Reed
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L MacNicol
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dyanne Brewer
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Coral Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Nigusse T, Zhang L, Wang R, Wang XN, Li J, Liu C. Flavonoids in a crude extract of Catha edulis inhibit rat intestinal contraction via blocking Ca 2+ channels. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13602. [PMID: 31012198 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies show that Catha edulis inhibits gastrointestinal tract motility. However, there is little or no information on its effect on colon motility and the mechanism of action and active constituents responsible for this effect. This study therefore attempted to discern the effect, suggest the mechanism, and identify the active compounds from the crude extract. METHODS A crude extract of Catha edulis was fractionated and subfractionated using column chromatography and HPLC. The activity of all fractions and subfractions was evaluated on rat colon longitudinal muscle. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data elucidations were used to identify the active compounds. An ileal segment preparation was used to investigate the possible mechanism of action. RESULTS The crude extract of Catha edulis (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) inhibited spontaneous contraction of rat colon and ileum (P < 0.05), and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 µmol/L) failed to block this effect. Similar to verapamil (0.01-0.1 μmol/L), the Catha edulis extract (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) inhibited high K+ (80 mmol/L)-induced sustained ileal contraction and decreased the response to Ca2+ . Analysis of the NMR data showed that quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were the active phytochemicals. All the identified compounds were flavonoids and significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) spontaneous contraction of the rat colon longitudinal muscle compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The crude extract of Catha edulis has a spasmolytic effect on the rat ileum, which is mediated through blocking Ca2+ channels, and quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin were found to be the causative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele Nigusse
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Mental Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong, China
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16
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Antiasthmatic activity of quercetin glycosides in neonatal asthmatic rats. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:189. [PMID: 31065489 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-asthmatic activity of quercetin glycosides in neonatal asthmatic rats. Rats were divided into four groups: sham (non-asthmatic), asthmatic control, quercetin (25 mg/kg), and quercetin (50 mg/kg). Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammatory markers, apoptosis, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, coagulation factor activity, and histopathology were monitored. Quercetin significantly reduced total leukocytes, eosinophils, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), and apoptosis. It also considerably reduced blood coagulation time and coagulation factor activity compared to the controls. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in asthmatic rats by 1.3-, 1.04-, and 1.1-fold, respectively. However, treatment with 50 mg/kg quercetin glycosides significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS by more than 40%. Quercetin considerably reduced the protein expression of iNOS. Airway and blood vessel narrowing, as well as the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs were observed in neonatal asthmatic rats. However, treatment with quercetin glycosides significantly reduced inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. In summary, quercetin glycosides significantly attenuated levels of inflammatory markers, demonstrating its protective effects against neonatal asthma in rats.
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Li S, Pei Y, Wang W, Liu F, Zheng K, Zhang X. Quercetin suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of metastatic osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting parathyroid hormone receptor 1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108839. [PMID: 30978523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm and cancerous bone tumor. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid abundant in vegetables, fruits, grains, leaves, and red onions. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of quercetin-induced inhibition of parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) on proliferation, migration, and invasion in U2OS and Saos-2 cells. Following incubation with quercetin (20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 μM) for 48 h, the cell viability of U2OS and Saos-2 cells were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there were significant decreases in cell adhesion, invasion, and migration as well as reduced cell viability at higher concentrations of quercetin. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were attenuated, whereas the mRNA expression levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 were elevated. Quercetin treatment also significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of PTHR1 by 0.27-, and 0.55-fold at 80, and 100 μM, respectively, whereas 0.19 and 0.41 folds in Saos-2 cells. PTHR1 protein expression in U2OS cells was reduced by 0.19-, and 0.43-fold at 80, and 100 μM of quercetin, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas 0.17 and 0.35 folds in Saos-2 cells. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed reduced expression of PTHR1 following treatment with quercetin. PTHR1 expression in U2OS cells was reduced by 0.18-, and 0.41-fold at 80, and 100 μM, respectively, whereas 0.15 and 0.38 folds in Saos-2 cells. The knockdown of PTHR1enhanced quercetin-inhibited proliferation and invasion. Taken together, the present findings indicate that quercetin reduced human metastatic osteosarcoma cell invasion, adhesion, proliferation, and migration by inhibiting PTHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China.
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18
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Pathak R, Shah SK, Hauer-Jensen M. Therapeutic potential of natural plant products and their metabolites in preventing radiation enteropathy resulting from abdominal or pelvic irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:493-505. [PMID: 30526224 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury or radiation enteropathy is an imminent risk during radiation therapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors. Despite remarkable technological advancements in image-guided radiation delivery techniques, the risk of intestinal injury after radiotherapy for abdominal or pelvic cancers has not been completely eliminated. The irradiated intestine undergoes varying degrees of adverse structural and functional changes, which can result in transient or long-term complications. The risk of development of enteropathy depends on dose, fractionation, and quality of radiation. Moreover, the patients' medical condition, age, inter-individual sensitivity to radiation and size of the treatment area are also risk factors of radiation enteropathy. Therefore, strategies are needed to prevent radiotherapy-induced undesirable alteration in the gastrointestinal tract. Many natural plant products, by virtue of their plethora of biological activities, alleviate the adverse effects of radiation-induced injury. The current review discusses potential roles and possible mechanisms of natural plant products in suppressing radiation enteropathy. Natural plant products have the potential to suppress intestinal radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- b College of Medicine Department of Pathology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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19
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Spasmolytic effect of aqueous extract of Tagetes erecta L. flowers is mediated through calcium channel blockade on the guinea-pig ileum. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1552-1556. [PMID: 29864942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides pharmacological evidence on the spasmolytic activity of Tagetes erecta L. (marigold or cempasúchil) on the guinea-pig ileum and presents data on its mechanism of action. The relaxant effect on KCl contractions was more marked with aqueous (AqEx) than with ethanol extracts (EtEx) of T. erecta flowers (55.6 ± 11.0 vs 21.1 ± 4.4%, respectively). In addition, the aqueous extract antagonized contractions elicited by EFS, but not by acetylcholine (73.5 ± 1.9 vs 14.5 ± 5.3%, respectively). These effects were not diminished by hexamethonium or L-NAME, but this extract caused a rightward shift in the Ca2+ concentration-response curves like that of verapamil. Quercetin and rutin, two flavonoids present in this plant, also showed spasmolytic effects (95.7 ± 2.8 and 27.9 ± 7.1%, respectively). Interestingly, in tissues without spasmogens, the extract induced contractions superimposed on their spontaneous activity. These results support the traditional use of T. erecta as a spasmolytic in folk medicine and suggest mainly that quercetin could be partly responsible for this effect. The spasmolytic effect appears to involve voltage-gated calcium channels, but not the nitric oxide pathway or the release of neurotransmitters from enteric neurons. Nevertheless, this plant could produce colic or stomachache as adverse effects in clinical situations in which these symptoms are not originally present.
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Suhas KS, Parida S, Gokul C, Srivastava V, Prakash E, Chauhan S, Singh TU, Panigrahi M, Telang AG, Mishra SK. Casein kinase 2 inhibition impairs spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in late pregnant mouse uterus. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:621-628. [PMID: 29708304 DOI: 10.1113/ep086826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the inhibition of the protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) alter the uterine contractility? What is the main finding and its importance? Inhibition of CK2 impaired the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility in late pregnant mouse uterus. This finding suggests that CK2 is a novel pathway mediating oxytocin-induced contractility in the uterus and thus opens up the possibility for this class of drugs to be developed as a new class of tocolytics. ABSTRACT The protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed serine or threonine kinase known to phosphorylate a number of substrates. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CK2 inhibition on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in 19 day pregnant mice. The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation in late pregnant mouse uterus. CX-4945 and another selective CK2 inhibitor, apigenin, also inhibited the oxytocin-induced contractile response in late pregnant uterine tissue. Apigenin also blunted the prostaglandin F2α response, but CX-4945 did not. Casein kinase 2 was located in the lipid raft fractions of the cell membrane, and disruption of lipid rafts was found to reverse its effect. The results of the present study suggest that CK2, located in lipid rafts of the cell membrane, is an active regulator of spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in the late pregnant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Suhas
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Gokul
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E Prakash
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Chauhan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash G Telang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xie HH, Su J, Ge XL, Dong TT, Li X, Wen HM, Sun BH. Compounds with inhibitory activity on peristalsis from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:418-424. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1315574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- Experimental Center of Pharmacology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Hang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Chang X, Zhang S. Antispasmodic effect of Bupi Yichang pill on colonic contraction of rats in vitro. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kim HJ, Kim BJ. Naringenin inhibits pacemaking activity in interstitial cells of Cajal from murine small intestine. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:149-155. [PMID: 28664138 PMCID: PMC5478266 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin (NRG) is a common dietary polyphenolic constituent of fruits. NRG has diverse pharmacological activities, and is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of the GI tract. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of NRG on ICCs and on GI motility in vitro and in vivo. METHODS ICCs were dissociated from mouse small intestines by enzymatic digestion. The whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICC clusters. The effects of NRG on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR) using Evans blue in normal mice. RESULTS NRG inhibited ICC pacemaker potentials in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride or iberiotoxin, NRG had no effect on pacemaker potentials, but it continued to block pacemaker potentials in the presence of glibenclamide. Preincubation with SQ-22536 had no effect on pacemaker potentials or on their inhibition by NRG. However, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one blocked pacemaker potential inhibition by NRG. In addition, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester blocked pacemaker potential inhibition by NRG. Furthermore, NRG significantly suppressed murine ITR enhancement by neostigmine in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows NRG dose-dependently inhibits ICC pacemaker potentials via a cyclic guanosine monophosphate/nitric oxide-dependent pathway and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in vitro. In addition, NRG suppressed neostigmine enhancement of ITR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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de Lacerda Neto LJ, Ramos AGB, Santos Sales V, de Souza SDG, dos Santos ATL, de Oliveira LR, Kerntopf MR, de Albuquerque TR, Coutinho HDM, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Wanderley AG, de Menezes IRA. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Caryocar coriaceum: Mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 261:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Santos-Fagundes D, Grasa L, Gonzalo S, Valero MS, Castro M, Arruebo MP, Plaza MÁ, Murillo MD. Different mechanisms of actions of genistein, quercetin on spontaneous contractions of rabbit duodenum. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 107:413-6. [PMID: 26140633 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3695/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are known to relax precontracted intestinal smooth muscle and delay intestinal transit or intestinal peristalsis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genistein and quercetin on spontaneous contractions of rabbit duodenum in vitro in an organ bath. Genistein and quercetin (0.1-10µM) reduced the amplitude of spontaneous contractions in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of rabbit duodenum, but they did not modify the frequency. Bay K8644 (L-type Ca2+ channel activator), apamin, charybdotoxin, and tetraetylammonium (K+ channel blockers) reverted the inhibition of amplitude of spontaneous contractions induced by genistein in longitudinal and circular smooth muscle. H-89 (protein kinase A inhibitor) antagonized the reduction of the amplitude of spontaneous contractions induced by quercetin in longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of duodenum, while 2,5-dideoxiadenosine (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor) reverted only the reduction of the amplitude in circular smooth muscle. In conclusion, genistein and quercetin reduce the spontaneous contractions in the duodenum by different mechanisms of actions. The effect of genistein would be mediated by Ca2+ and K+ channels, while the effect of quercetin would be mediated by cAMP and protein kinase A.
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Antispasmodic effect of selected Citrus flavonoids on rat isolated jejunum specimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:640-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kline L, Karpinski E. Quercetin relaxes guinea pig gallbladder strips. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1098-1104. [PMID: 27865351 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a phytoestrogen and flavonoid, relaxes intestinal and vascular smooth muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine if quercetin had an effect on gallbladder smooth muscle. An in vitro technique was used to determine the effects of quercetin on gallbladder strips and which system(s) mediated the relaxation. Paired t tests were used; differences between means of P < .05 were considered significant. Adding quercetin before cholecystokinin or KCl produced a significant (P < .001) decrease in the amount of tension (0.80 ± 0.04 vs 0.48 ± 0.04 g cholecystokinin octapeptide and 0.8 ± 0.06 vs 0.54 ± 0.05 g KCl, respectively). When the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were simultaneously, a significant (P < .001) reduction in the quercetin-induced relaxation (45.7% ± 4.3% vs 27.6% ± 3.4%) was observed. To determine if protein kinase A (PKA) mediated the quercetin-induced relaxation, PKA inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated was used. It significantly (P < .05) decreased the amount (40.4% ± 3.7% vs 34.5% ± 3.3%) of quercetin-induced relaxation. The use of 2-APB also significantly (P < .001) reduced the amount of quercetin-induced relaxation (51.2% ± 3.5% vs 14.8% ± 3.6%). l-NG-methyl-l-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, significantly (P < 001) decreased the quercetin-induced relaxation (45.7% ± 4.2% vs 35.2% ± 3.6%). KT5823, a PKC inhibitor, had no effect on the quercetin-induced relaxation. Quercetin blocked extracellular Ca2+ entry which affected downstream events such as activation of PKC, PKA, intracellular Ca2+ release, and activation of nitric oxide synthase. Quercetin relaxed cholecystokinin octapeptide and KCl-induced tension in a concentration dependent manner. Thus quercetin-induced relaxation was mediated by multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kline
- Department of Dentistry, 5-740 ECHA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1C9.
| | - Edward Karpinski
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
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Zavala-Mendoza D, Grasa L, Zavala-Sánchez MÁ, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Murillo MD. Antispasmodic Effects and Action Mechanism of Essential Oil of Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray on Rabbit Ileum. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060783. [PMID: 27322223 PMCID: PMC6272826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (C. mexicana) plant is used in folk medicine to treat fever and rheumatism; it is used as a diuretic, antispasmodic; and it is used for its aphrodisiac properties. This study investigates the effects of the essential oil of C. mexicana (EOCM) on the contractility of rabbit ileum and the mechanisms of action involved. Muscle contractility studies in vitro in an organ bath to evaluate the response to EOCM were performed in the rabbit ileum. EOCM (1-100 µg·mL(-1)) reduced the amplitude and area under the curve of spontaneous contractions of the ileum. The contractions induced by carbachol 1 µM, potassium chloride (KCl) 60 mM or Bay K8644 1 µM were reduced by EOCM (30 µg·mL(-1)). Apamin 1 µM and charybdotoxin 0.01 µM decreased the inhibition induced by EOCM. The d-cAMP 1 µM decreased the inhibition induced by EOCM. l-NNA 10 µM, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS 1 µM, d,l-propargylglycine 2 mM, or aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride 2 mM did not modify the EOCM effect. In conclusion, EOCM induces an antispasmodic effect and could be used in the treatment of intestinal spasms or diarrhea processes. This effect would be mediated by Ca(2+), Ca(2+)-activated K⁺ channels and cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zavala-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología (Fisiología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Dirección General de Servicios Educativos Iztapalapa, Av. Rojo Gómez No. 1149, Col. Barrio San Pedro, Del Iztapalapa 09300 México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología (Fisiología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Zavala-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 09340 Mexico, DF, Mexico.
| | - Salud Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, 09340 Mexico, DF, Mexico.
| | - María Divina Murillo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología (Fisiología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Castro M, Ramón Giménez M, Les F, Trejo L, Plaza MÁ, López V, Murillo MD, Valero MS. Spasmolytic effect of Jasonia glutinosa on rodent intestine. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 108:785-789. [PMID: 27804305 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4327/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Jasonia glutinosa is an endemic plant species of the Iberian Peninsula and Southern France traditionally used in infusions as a spasmolytic; this plant is also known as "té de roca" (rock tea) but there is no scientific evidence about the effects of this plant. AIM To evaluate the spasmolytic effect of rock tea. METHODS We have studied the in vitro effect of a rock tea extract on rat duodenum spontaneous contractions and the in vivo effect on mice gastrointestinal transit. RESULTS Rock tea extract reduced the spontaneous contractions of rat duodenal smooth muscle, inhibited KCl-induced contractions and blocked the contractions invoked by both extracellular Ca2+ and the agonist of L-type calcium channels Bay K8644. This inhibitory effect was similar to the one observed after the addition of the antagonist of L-type calcium channels verapamil. Rock tea did not modify gastrointestinal transit in healthy mice. However, after the treatment with dextran sulfate sodium, an inducer of colitis, rock tea extract reverted the increase in the gastrointestinal transit associated with this treatment. CONCLUSION Rock tea extract relaxed duodenal smooth muscle via L-type calcium channels and normalized gastrointestinal transit in a model of colitis. These results may validate the traditional use of Jasonia glutinosa in patients with gastrointestinal alterations. Thus, rock tea may be used as a spasmolytic agent to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Castro
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
| | - Mariano Ramón Giménez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad San Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - Francisco Les
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad San Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - Lorena Trejo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad San Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | | | - Víctor López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad San Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - María Divina Murillo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Veterinaria, España
| | - Marta Sofia Valero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universiad San Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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Modification of abomasum contractility by flavonoids present in ruminants diet: in vitro study. Animal 2016; 10:1431-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Vasconcelos LHC, Correia ACDC, de Souza ILL, Silva MDCC, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Santos BVDO, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Flavonoid galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether attenuates guinea pig ileum contraction through K(+) channel activation and decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:52-60. [PMID: 26452514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) has been isolated from the aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulaceae and has shown a spasmolytic effect in guinea pig ileum. Thus, we aimed to characterize its relaxant mechanism of action. FGAL exhibited a higher relaxant effect on ileum pre-contracted by histamine (EC50=1.9±0.4×10(-7) M) than by KCl (EC50=2.6±0.5×10(-6) M) or carbachol (EC50=1.8±0.4×10(-6) M). The flavonoid inhibited the cumulative contractions to histamine, as well as to CaCl2 in depolarizing medium nominally Ca(2+)-free. The flavonoid relaxed the ileum pre-contracted by S-(-)-Bay K8644 (EC50=9.5±1.9×10(-6) M) but less potently pre-contracted by KCl or histamine. CsCl attenuated the relaxant effect of FGAL (EC50=1.1±0.3×10(-6) M), but apamin or tetraethylammonium (1mM) had no effect (EC50=2.6±0.2×10(-7) and 1.6±0.3×10(-7) M, respectively), ruling out the involvement of small and big conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SKCa and BKCa, respectively). Either 4-aminopyridine or glibenclamide attenuated the relaxant effect of FGAL (EC50=1.8±0.2×10(-6) and 1.5±0.5×10(-6) M, respectively), indicating the involvement of voltage- and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (KV and KATP, respectively). FGAL did not alter the viability of intestinal myocytes in the MTT assay and decreased (88%) Fluo-4 fluorescence, indicating a decrease in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. Therefore, the relaxant mechanism of FGAL involves pseudo-irreversible noncompetitive antagonism of histaminergic receptors, KV and KATP activation and blockade of CaV1, thus leading to a reduction in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H C Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ana C de C Correia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Iara L L de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria da C C Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Biofísca, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04021-001 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara V de O Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de A Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Bagnólia A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Kline LW, Karpinski E. The Resveratrol-induced Relaxation of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide- or KCl-induced Tension in Male Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips Is Mediated Through L-type Ca2+Channels. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:62-8. [PMID: 25537678 PMCID: PMC4288087 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound (stilbene) and a phytoalexin. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism which mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide- or KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. Methods Gallbladder strips were prepared and suspended in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The strips were attached to force displacement transducers, and the changes in tension were recorded on a polygraph. All reagents were added directly into the chambers. Results To determine if intracellular Ca2+ release mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced tension, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) was used. 2-APB significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase A (PKA) mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation, PKA inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated (PKA-IM) was used. PKA-IM had no effect on resveratrol-induced relaxation. Neither KT5823, NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nor fulvestrant had a significant effect on the amount of resveratrol-induced relaxation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase C mediated the RSVL-induced relaxation, the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were used together, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in resveratrol-induced relaxation was observed. The pretreatment of the strips with resveratrol significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the amount of KCl- and cholecystokinin octapep-tide-induced tension. Conclusions Resveratrol-induced relaxation is mediated by its effects on L-type Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren W Kline
- Departments of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward Karpinski
- Departments of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Yang Z, Pan A, Zuo W, Guo J, Zhou W. Relaxant effect of flavonoid naringenin on contractile activity of rat colonic smooth muscle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1177-1183. [PMID: 24997391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) motility can be associated with smooth muscle abnormalities and dysfunction. Exploring innovative approaches that can modulate the disturbed colonic motility are of great importance for clinical therapeutics. Naringenin, a flavonoid presented in many traditional Chinese herbal medicines, has been shown to have a relaxant effect on different smooth muscles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of naringenin on regulation of GI motility. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mechanical recording was used to investigate the effect of naringenin on isolated rat colonic smooth muscle spontaneous contractions. Whole cell patch clamp, intracellular [Ca(2+)] concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and membrane potential measurements were examined on primary cultures of colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). A neostigmine-stimulated rat model was utilized to investigate the effect of naringenin in vivo. RESULTS Naringenin induced a concentration-dependent inhibition (1-1000 μM) on rat colonic spontaneous contraction, which was reversible after wash out. The external Ca(2+) influx induced contraction and [Ca(2+)]i increase were inhibited by naringenin (100 μM). In rat colonic SMCs, naringenin-induced membrane potential hyperpolarization was sensitive to TEA and selective large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BKCa) channel inhibitor iberiotoxin. Under whole cell patch-clamp condition, naringenin stimulated an iberiotoxin-sensitive BKCa current, which was insensitive to changes in the [Ca(2+)]i concentration. Furthermore, naringenin significantly suppressed neostigmine-enhanced rat colon transit in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results for the first time demonstrated the relaxant effect of flavonoid naringenin on colon smooth muscle both in vitro and in vivo. The relaxant effect of naringenin was attributed to direct activation of BKCa channels, which subsequently hyperpolarized the colonic SMCs and decreased Ca(2+) influx through VDCC. Naringenin might be of therapeutic value in the treatment of GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiHuan Yang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Ao Pan
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - WuLin Zuo
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - JingHui Guo
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - WenLiang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Romano B, Pagano E, Montanaro V, Fortunato AL, Milic N, Borrelli F. Novel Insights into the Pharmacology of Flavonoids. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1588-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Vittorino Montanaro
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples Federico II; via Pansini 5 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso L. Fortunato
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Natasa Milic
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad; Hajduk Veljkova, 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
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Gorzalczany S, Moscatelli V, Acevedo C, Ferraro G. Spasmolytic activity ofArtemisia copaaqueous extract and isolated compounds. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1007-11. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.688049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Kuzmanov K. Inhibitory effect ofAronia melanocarpafruit juice on intestinal transit rate in rats. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2010.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dambros M, de Jongh R, van Koeveringe GA, Bast A, Heijnen CGM, van Kerrebroeck PEV. Flavonoid galangin prevents smooth muscle fatigue of pig urinary bladder. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:617-22. [PMID: 15912636 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the generation of free radicals plays a role in the development of bladder dysfunction. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds with broad pharmacological activity. In the present study, the protective effects of the flavonoid galangin on the progressive decrease of bladder smooth muscle contractile responses during repetitive field stimulation (RFS; a model for muscular fatigue) were demonstrated. Pig detrusor strips were mounted for tension recording in organ baths and were subjected to RFS for 90 min at 32 Hz for 15 s every 5 min. The strips were then washed four times with fresh buffer and allowed a period of recovery for 90 min. The 90 min of RFS caused a progressive decrease in maximal contractile response to electrical field stimulation and to muscarinic agonist-induced contractions (34% and 46% decrease, respectively). Galangin (10−7m) prevented the decrease in contractile smooth muscle response of strips to electrical field stimulation during RFS compared with untreated tissues. The antioxidant activity of galangin was assessed by measuring its ability to inhibit the lipid peroxidation induced by iron and ascorbate in rat liver microsomes (IC50 1.7 + 0.12 times 10−6m). If the data are confirmed in-vivo, exogenously administered galangin may be a new approach in the prevention and/or treatment of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dambros
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University, Netherlands.
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Capasso R, Aviello G, Romano B, Atorino G, Pagano E, Borrelli F. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on rat trachea contractility in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.01.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The effect of quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid traditionally used to treat airway diseases such as bronchial asthma, on the contractile response elicited by electrical field stimulation or carbachol in rat isolated trachea was investigated.
Methods
Isolated tracheal tissue was subjected to contractions by an electrical field stimulation of 5 Hz for 30 s, 400 mA, and the responses in the presence of cumulative concentrations of quercetin (10−6−3 × 10−4 M) were observed. The effect of quercetin was also evaluated after administration of phentolamine plus propranolol (to block α- and β-adrenergic receptors), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (to block nitric oxide synthesis), capsaicin (to desensitise sensory C fibres), α-chymotrypsin (a proteolytic enzyme that rapidly degrades vasoactive intestinal peptide), SR140333 and SR48968 (tackykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists, respectively).
Key findings
Quercetin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of contractions induced by both carbachol and electrical field stimulation. However, quercetin was more active in inhibiting the contractions produced by electrical field stimulation than those induced by carbachol, suggesting a presynaptic site of action (in addition to a postsynaptic effect, as revealed by the inhibitory action of quercetin on carbachol-induced contractions). The inhibitory effect of quercetin on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation was unaffected by phentolamine plus propranolol, SR 140333 and SR 48968, capsaicin treatment or by the proteolytic enzyme α-chymotrypsin. In contrast, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of quercetin on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation.
Conclusions
Quercetin inhibits rat tracheal contractility through a presynaptic (involving nitric oxide) and a postsynaptic site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Atorino
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Rotondo A, Serio R, Mulè F. Gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin: analysis of the mechanism of action. Life Sci 2009; 85:85-90. [PMID: 19427869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, flavonoids have been shown to cause murine gastric relaxation. In the present study we examined the mechanism of action underlying gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin in isolated mouse stomach. MAIN METHODS The mechanical activity from the whole stomach was detected as changes in the endoluminal pressure and the response to increasing concentrations of both flavonoids were tested before and after different pharmacological treatments. KEY FINDINGS Apigenin and quercetin-induced a concentration-dependent gastric relaxation, apigenin being more potent than quercetin. The responses were unaffected by 2'5'dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a non selective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, or ryanodine, an inhibitor of calcium release from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores, whereas they were significantly decreased in Ca(2+)-free solution or in the presence of nifedipine, a blocker of L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, which did not modify the relaxation induced by isoproterenol. Moreover, both flavonoids caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the contractile responses caused by exogenous application of Ca(2+) in a Ca(2+)-free solution, high K(+) or carbachol. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the hypothesis that the gastric myorelaxant effects of apigenin and quercetin arise from their negative modulation of calcium influx through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, however intracellular modulation of signalling cascade leading to contraction could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Biologia cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
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Amira S, Rotondo A, Mulè F. Relaxant effects of flavonoids on the mouse isolated stomach: structure-activity relationships. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 599:126-30. [PMID: 18840426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large heterogeneous group of benzo-gamma-pyrone derivatives, which are abundantly present in our diet. In this study we investigated the effects of six flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, quercetin, rutin, naringenin and catechin) on the gastric tone in mouse isolated stomach. The mechanical activity was recorded as changes of intraluminal pressure. All flavonoids tested produced a concentration-dependent relaxation, which was reversible after washout. The relative order of potency of the flavonoids was apigenin> or =genistein>quercetin>naringenin> or =rutin>catechin. Analysis of the chemical structure showed that the relaxant activity was progressively diminished by the presence of hydroxyl group at C-3, saturation of the C-2, C-3 double bound, saturation of the C-2, C-3 double bound coupled with lack of the C-4 carbonyl and glycosylation. The flavonoid-induced relaxations were not modified in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage-dependent Na(+)-channel blocker, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, indomethacin, an inhibitor of cycloxygenase or tetraethylammonium, a non-selective blocker of potassium channels. In conclusion, this study provides the first experimental evidence for gastric relaxant activity of flavonoids. This action is influenced to a great extent by the structure of the molecules and it seems not to be dependent on neural action potentials, NO/prostaglandin production or activation of K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smain Amira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif, Algeria
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41
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Hsia SM, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Wang PS. Effects of adlay hull extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E719-26. [PMID: 18577689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90367.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is directly related to elevated PGF(2alpha) levels. It is treated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Western medicine. Since NSAIDs produce many side effects, Chinese medicinal therapy is considered as a feasible alternative medicine. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treating dysmenorrhea. However, the relationship between smooth muscle contraction and adlay extracts remains veiled. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in the rat uterus by measuring uterine contraction activity and recording the intrauterine pressure. We studied the in vivo and in vitro effects of the methanolic extracts of adlay hull (AHM) on uterine smooth muscle contraction. The extracts were fractionated using four different solvents: water, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane; the four respective fractions were AHM-Wa, AHM-Bu, AHM-EA, and AHM-Hex. AHM-EA and its subfractions (175 microg/ml) inhibited uterine contractions induced by PGF(2alpha), the Ca(2+) channel activator Bay K 8644, and high K(+) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. AHM-EA also inhibited PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions in vivo; furthermore, 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA inhibited the Ca(2+)-dependent uterine contractions. Thus 375 microg/ml of AHM-EA consistently suppressed the increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations induced by PGF(2alpha) and high K(+). We also demonstrated that naringenin and quercetin are the major pure chemical components of AHM-EA that inhibit PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions. Thus AHM-EA probably inhibited uterine contraction by blocking external Ca(2+) influx, leading to a decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Thus adlay hull may be considered as a feasible alternative therapeutic agent for dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Min Hsia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Zhang HL, Tang ZY, Yang JX, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin Y. Bi-directional regulation of emodin and quercetin on smooth muscle myosin of gizzard. FEBS Lett 2005; 580:469-73. [PMID: 16386736 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is to reveal the characteristics of bidirectional regulation of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) and quercetin on gizzard smooth muscle myosin. Our results indicate that: (a) emodin demonstrates stimulatory effects, and quercetin produces inhibitory effects on myosin phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylated myosin in a dose-dependent manner; (b) a combination of emodin and quercetin enhances phosphorylation and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities for partially phosphorylated myosin and inhibits those activities for fully phosphorylated myosin; (c) 1-(5-Chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H2-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine inhibits myosin phosphorylation in the presence of emodin and/or quercetin. A combination of emodin and quercetin indicates its potential for modulating gastric-intestinal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, PR China.
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Dambros M, de Jongh R, van Koeveringe GA, van Deutekom M, De Mey JGR, Palma PCR, van Kerrebroeck PEV. Multiple-signaling pathways are involved in the inhibitory effects of galangin on urinary bladder contractility. Neurourol Urodyn 2005; 24:369-73. [PMID: 15924354 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Flavonoids comprise a large group of natural polyphenolic compounds, which possess a wide spectrum of physiological and pharmacological effects. Recently, the flavonoid galangin was found to modulate smooth muscle contractility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of actions of galangin on pig bladder smooth muscle and to characterize its potential as an alternative inhibitor of bladder smooth muscle contraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strips of pig detrusor muscle were mounted in separate 6-ml organ baths containing Krebs solution. The contractile response to carbachol (10(-8)-10(-4)M), potassium (2x10(-2)-10(-1)M), and electrical field stimulation-EFS (2-32 Hz) were determined before and after the addition of galangin (3x10(-5)M). The contractile responses to carbachol in calcium-free Krebs' solution plus EGTA and L-type channel blocker were determined in the absence and presence of the flavonoid. Furthermore, the effect of galangin was also evaluated after the administration in the bath of a number of antagonists/inhibitors including a combination of propranolol, phentolamine, capsazepine, and verapamil. Student's t-test and one factor ANOVA were used to determine the statistical significance of the effects. RESULTS Galangin inhibited the maximal contractile response to carbachol and potassium by 57.41% (P<0.01) and 33.52% (P<0.05), respectively. The maximum force of the carbachol-evoked contractions in calcium-free solution after incubation with galangin was 32% of the maximum initial force (Emax.initial: 5.8387+/-0.72 mN, Emax.Galangin: 1.9157+/-0.30 mN, P<0.01). The maximal contractile responses to EFS at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz were reduced, compared to control, by 91.61% (P<0.01), 79.46% (P<0.01), 70.54% (P<0.01), 61.10% (P<0.01), and 9.8% (P>0.05), respectively. The inhibitory effect of galangin was unaffected by a combination of propranolol, phentolamine, and capsazepine (P>0.05). However, when verapamil was added to the medium, the inhibitory effects of galangin were partially blocked. CONCLUSIONS Galangin, at high concentrations, exerts an inhibitory effect on pig bladder smooth muscle contractility through the inhibition of calcium influx and the modulation of intracellular calcium movement. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of galangin involves, at least in part, L-type calcium channels pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dambros
- Department of Urology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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