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Weijler AM, Prickler L, Kainz V, Bergmann E, Bohle B, Regele H, Valenta R, Linhart B, Wekerle T. Adoptive Cell Therapy in Mice Sensitized to a Grass Pollen Allergen. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:48. [PMID: 38920972 PMCID: PMC11200577 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The proportion of patients with type I allergy in the world population has been increasing and with it the number of people suffering from allergic symptoms. Recently we showed that prophylactic cell therapy employing allergen-expressing bone marrow (BM) cells or splenic B cells induced allergen-specific tolerance in naïve mice. Here we investigated if cell therapy can modulate an established secondary allergen-specific immune response in pre-immunized mice. We sensitized mice against the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 and an unrelated control allergen, Bet v 1, from birch pollen before the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing BM cells. Mice were conditioned with several combinations of low-dose irradiation, costimulation blockade, rapamycin and T cell-depleting anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum after cell transfer were measured via ELISA and alterations in cellular responses were measured via an in vitro proliferation assay and transplantation of Phl p 5+ skin grafts. None of the tested treatment protocols impacted Phl p 5-specific antibody levels. Transient low-level chimerism of Phl p 5+ leukocytes as well as a markedly prolonged skin graft survival were observed in mice conditioned with high numbers of Phl p 5+ BMC or no sensitization events between the day of cell therapy and skin grafting. The data presented herein demonstrate that a pre-existing secondary allergen-specific immune response poses a substantial hurdle opposing tolerization through cell therapy and underscore the importance of prophylactic approaches for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Lisa Prickler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Verena Kainz
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Eva Bergmann
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.W.); (L.P.); (V.K.); (E.B.)
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Bauer R, Dang HH, Neureiter D, Unger MS, Neuper T, Jensen M, Taliento AE, Strandt H, Gratz I, Weiss R, Sales A, Horejs-Hoeck J. NLRP3 promotes allergic responses to birch pollen extract in a model of intranasal sensitization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393819. [PMID: 38933263 PMCID: PMC11199694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Objective Allergic sensitization is an essential step in the development of allergic airway inflammation to birch pollen (BP); however, this process remains to be fully elucidated. Recent scientific advances have highlighted the importance of the allergen context. In this regard, microbial patterns (PAMPs) present on BP have attracted increasing interest. As these PAMPs are recognized by specialized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), this study aims at investigating the roles of intracellular PRRs and the inflammasome regulator NLRP3. Methods We established a physiologically relevant intranasal and adjuvant-free sensitization procedure to study BP-induced systemic and local lung inflammation. Results Strikingly, BP-sensitized Nlrp3-deficient mice showed significantly lower IgE levels, Th2-associated cytokines, cell infiltration into the lung, mucin production and epithelial thickening than their wild-type counterparts, which appears to be independent of inflammasome formation. Intriguingly, bone-marrow chimera revealed that expression of NLRP3 in the hematopoietic system is required to trigger an allergic response. Conclusion Overall, this study identifies NLRP3 as an important driver of BP-induced allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Bauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hieu-Hoa Dang
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Stefan Unger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Jensen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alice Emma Taliento
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Strandt
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Gratz
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Sales
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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3
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Gutiérrez-Vera C, García-Betancourt R, Palacios PA, Müller M, Montero DA, Verdugo C, Ortiz F, Simon F, Kalergis AM, González PA, Saavedra-Avila NA, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ. Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364774. [PMID: 38629075 PMCID: PMC11018981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Verdugo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Campion NJ, Villazala-Merino S, Thwaites RS, Stanek V, Killick H, Pertsinidou E, Zghaebi M, Toth J, Fröschl R, Perkmann T, Gangl K, Schneider S, Ristl R, Scott IC, Cohen ES, Molin M, Focke-Tejkl M, Regelsberger G, Hansel TT, Valenta R, Niederberger-Leppin V, Eckl-Dorna J. Nasal IL-13 production identifies patients with late-phase allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1167-1178.e12. [PMID: 37536510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge on how local cytokine secretion patterns after nasal allergen challenge correlate with clinical symptoms especially with regard to the "late allergic response," which occurs in approximately 40% to 50% of patients with allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the immunologic and clinical nasal responses to birch pollen allergen challenge with a special focus on the late allergic response. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, birch pollen-allergic participants were challenged with birch pollen extract (n = 20) or placebo (n = 10) on 3 consecutive days. On days 1 and 3, nasal secretions were collected at selected time points over a 24-hour time course for the measurement of 33 inflammatory mediators. Clinical responses were determined through subjective symptom scores and objective nasal airflow measurements. RESULTS Provoked participants had significantly greater clinical responses and showed significant increases in tryptase and the soluble IL-33 receptor serum stimulation 2 (sST2) in nasal secretions within minutes compared with the placebo group. Eight of 20 provoked participants displayed high IL-13 levels 2 to 8 hours after allergen provocation. This group also showed significant changes in clinical parameters, with a secondary drop in nasal airflow measured by peak nasal inspiratory flow and increased symptoms of nasal obstruction, which significantly differed from IL-13 nonresponders after 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 response status correlates with clinical responses and type 2 cytokine responses in the late phase after allergen provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Killick
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammed Zghaebi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Toth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fröschl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian C Scott
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Suzanne Cohen
- Bioscience Asthma, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Molin
- Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margit Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Guenther Regelsberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Satitsuksanoa P, Iwasaki S, Boersma J, Bel Imam M, Schneider SR, Chang I, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B cells: The many facets of B cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:567-581. [PMID: 37247640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a key role in our immune system through their ability to produce antibodies, suppress a proinflammatory state, and contribute to central immune tolerance. We aim to provide an in-depth knowledge of the molecular biology of B cells, including their origin, developmental process, types and subsets, and functions. In allergic diseases, B cells are well known to induce and maintain immune tolerance through the production of suppressor cytokines such as IL-10. Similarly, B cells protect against viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that caused the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Considering the unique and multifaceted functions of B cells, we hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of B-cell biology and its clinical applications in allergic diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Sayuri Iwasaki
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Boersma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Schneider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Iris Chang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Sean N. Parker Centre for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
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6
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Hoh RA, Thörnqvist L, Yang F, Godzwon M, King JJ, Lee JY, Greiff L, Boyd SD, Ohlin M. Clonal evolution and stereotyped sequences of human IgE lineages in aeroallergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:214-229. [PMID: 36828082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disease reflects specific inflammatory processes initiated by interaction between allergen and allergen-specific IgE. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is an effective long-term treatment option, but the mechanisms by which SIT provides desensitization are not well understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to characterize IgE sequences expressed by allergen-specific B cells over a 3-year longitudinal study of patients with aeroallergies who were undergoing SIT. METHODS Allergen-specific IgE-expressing clones were identified by using combinatorial single-chain variable fragment libraries and tracked in PBMCs and nasal biopsy samples over a 3-year period with antibody gene repertoire sequencing. The characteristics of private IgE-expressing clones were compared with those of stereotyped or "public" IgE responses to the grass pollen allergen Phleum pratense (Phl p) 2. RESULT Members of the same allergen-specific IgE lineages were observed in nasal biopsy samples and blood, and lineages detected at baseline persisted in blood and nasal biopsy samples after 3 years of SIT, including B cells that express IgE. Evidence of progressive class switch recombination to IgG subclasses was observed after 3 years of SIT. A common stereotyped Phl p 2-specific antibody heavy chain sequence was detected in multiple donors. The amino acid residues enriched in IgE-stereotyped sequences from seropositive donors were analyzed with machine learning and k-mer motif discovery. Stereotyped IgE sequences had lower overall rates of somatic hypermutation and antigen selection than did single-chain variable fragment-derived allergen-specific sequences or IgE sequences of unknown specificity. CONCLUSION Longitudinal tracking of rare circulating and tissue-resident allergen-specific IgE+ clones demonstrates persistence of allergen-specific IgE+ clones, progressive class switch recombination to IgG subtypes, and distinct maturation of a stereotyped Phl p 2 clonotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Jasmine J King
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Ji-Yeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Weichwald C, Zettl I, Ellinger I, Niespodziana K, Waltl EE, Villazala-Merino S, Ivanov D, Eckl-Dorna J, Niederberger-Leppin V, Valenta R, Flicker S. Antibody Conjugates Bispecific for Pollen Allergens and ICAM-1 with Potential to Prevent Epithelial Allergen Transmigration and Rhinovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032725. [PMID: 36769047 PMCID: PMC9917280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy and rhinovirus (RV) infections are major triggers for rhinitis and asthma, causing a socioeconomic burden. As RVs and allergens may act synergistically to promote airway inflammation, simultaneous treatment strategies for both causative agents would be innovative. We have previously identified the transmembrane glycoprotein intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as an anchor for antibody conjugates bispecific for ICAM-1 and Phleum pratense (Phl p) 2, a major grass pollen allergen, to block allergen transmigration through the epithelial barrier. Since ICAM-1 is a receptor for the major group RVs, we speculated that our bispecific antibody conjugates may protect against RV infection. Therefore, we created antibody conjugates bispecific for ICAM-1 and the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 and analyzed their capacity to affect allergen penetration and RV infection. Bispecific antibody conjugates significantly reduced the trans-epithelial migration of Phl p 5 and thus the basolateral Phl p 5 concentration and allergenic activity as determined by humanized rat basophilic leukemia cells and inhibited RV infection of cultured epithelial cells. A reduction in allergenic activity was obtained only through the prevention of allergen transmigration because the Phl p 5-specific IgG antibody did not block the allergen-IgE interaction. Our results indicate the potential of allergen/ICAM-1-specific antibody conjugates as a topical treatment strategy for allergy and RV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Weichwald
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Zettl
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva E. Waltl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Ivanov
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- National Research Centre (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-51150
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8
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Campion NJ, Doralt A, Lupinek C, Berger M, Poglitsch K, Brugger J, Quint T, Gangl K, Sinz C, Bartosik T, Liu DT, Landegger LD, Tu A, Stanek V, Berger U, Bangert C, Schneider S, Eckl-Dorna J. Dupilumab reduces symptom burden in allergic rhinitis and suppresses allergen-specific IgE production. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36691369 DOI: 10.1111/all.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas James Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Doralt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Berger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Poglitsch
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Brugger
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Quint
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sinz
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Bartosik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas David Landegger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldine Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Berger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zettl I, Ivanova T, Zghaebi M, Rutovskaya MV, Ellinger I, Goryainova O, Kollárová J, Villazala-Merino S, Lupinek C, Weichwald C, Drescher A, Eckl-Dorna J, Tillib SV, Flicker S. Generation of high affinity ICAM-1-specific nanobodies and evaluation of their suitability for allergy treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022418. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is an important site of allergen entry. Hence, it represents an organ where trans-epithelial allergen penetration and subsequent IgE-mediated allergic inflammation can potentially be inhibited. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is highly expressed on the surface of respiratory epithelial cells in allergic patients. It was identified as a promising target to immobilize antibody conjugates bispecific for ICAM-1 and allergens and thereby block allergen entry. We have previously characterized a nanobody specific for the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and here we report the generation and characterization of ICAM-1-specific nanobodies. Nanobodies were obtained from a camel immunized with ICAM-1 and a high affinity binder was selected after phage display (Nb44). Nb44 was expressed as recombinant protein containing HA- and His-tags in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and purified via affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed a single band at approximately 20 kDa. Nb44 bound to recombinant ICAM-1 in ELISA, and to ICAM-1 expressed on the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- as determined by flow cytometry. Experiments conducted at 4°C and at 37°C, to mimic physiological conditions, yielded similar percentages (97.2 ± 1.2% and 96.7 ± 1.5% out of total live cells). To confirm and visualize binding, we performed immunofluorescence microscopy. While Texas Red Dextran was rapidly internalized Nb44 remained localized on the cell surface. Additionally, we determined the strength of Nb44 and ICAM-1 interaction using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Nb44 bound ICAM-1 with high affinity (10-10 M) and had slow off-rates (10-4 s-1). In conclusion, our results showed that the selected ICAM-1-specific nanobody bound ICAM-1 with high affinity and was not internalized. Thus, it could be further used to engineer heterodimers with allergen-specific nanobodies in order to develop topical treatments of pollen allergy.
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10
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Muddaluru V, Valenta R, Vrtala S, Schlederer T, Hindley J, Hickey P, Larché M, Tonti E. Comparison of house dust mite sensitization profiles in allergic adults from Canada, Europe, South Africa and USA. Allergy 2021; 76:2177-2188. [PMID: 33484161 DOI: 10.1111/all.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) is a leading cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Despite more than 30 HDM-derived allergens having been identified to date, specific therapeutic approaches do not yet take into account the local sensitization profiles of patients. This study aimed to identify patterns of HDM sensitization in HDM-allergic adults living in distinct geographic areas, to inform the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic tools. METHODS Serum samples from 685 HDM-allergic subjects from Canada, Europe, South Africa, and the USA were tested for levels of IgE specific for 17 micro-arrayed HDM allergens by ImmunoCAP Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) technology. RESULTS The results confirmed significant geographical variability in sensitization patterns and levels of IgE. In all areas, the major sensitizers were the group 1 and group 2 allergens and Der p 23. Der p 23 was a frequent sensitizer: 64% of the subjects had IgE specific for Der p 23, and 2.3% were monosensitized to it. In South Africa, Der p 23 was the dominant HDM allergen (86% prevalence) and Der p 7 achieved major allergen status (56%). IgE sensitization to HDM was influenced by asthmatic status, levels of allergen exposure, age, race-ethnicity and smoking status, but not by BMI. CONCLUSION Sensitization profiles to HDM allergens differ considerably among distinct geographic areas, with Der p 7 and Der p 23 being major sensitizers in South Africa. Such heterogeneity should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of HDM-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Muddaluru
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Schlederer
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Phadia Austria GmbHPart of Thermo Fisher Scientific ImmunoDiagnostics Vienna Austria
| | | | - Pascal Hickey
- Adiga Life Sciences Inc. Hamilton ON Canada
- Aravax Pty Ltd Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mark Larché
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory HealthThe Research Institute at St. Joe's, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Elena Tonti
- Clinical Immunology & Allergy Division Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Adiga Life Sciences Inc. Hamilton ON Canada
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11
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Serum IgE Predicts Difference of Population and Allergens in Allergic Diseases: Data from Weifang City, China. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6627087. [PMID: 34257517 PMCID: PMC8257378 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the most important promoter of allergic inflammation. However, there are few systematic studies on IgE in age range, genders, disease spectrum, and time regularity. Aim To screen the common allergens, allergen spectrum, and IgE difference between type 2 inflammatory allergic diseases and other allergic diseases in Weifang, China. Methods A retrospective study was performed by estimating patients' clinical data suffering from allergic diseases (urticaria, pollinosis, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and bronchial asthma) between May 2019 and April 2020 using an allergen detection kit of Macro-Union Pharmaceutical. Results 732 of the 1367 patients showed different antigen positive, and the positive rate was 53.5%. The most common allergens were dust mites, mixed fungi, Artemisia pollen, cat/dog dander, and cockroaches. There were 27.0% (369/1367) of the patients with single positive allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), 26.5% (363/1367) with multiple-positive IgE. The total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) levels varied with gender, age, and type of disease. There was a difference in the distribution of allergens between children and adults. A positive correlation between the serum-specific IgE and the corresponding local inhaled allergen density was observed. Conclusions In this study, we found that type 2 inflammatory allergic diseases have higher serum IgE and a higher probability of inhaled sIgE positive. According to age, gender, and condition, serological IgE detection of allergens provides new insight into the early diagnosis and prevention of allergic diseases.
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12
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Microarray Technology May Reveal the Contribution of Allergen Exposure and Rhinovirus Infections as Possible Triggers for Acute Wheezing Attacks in Preschool Children. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050915. [PMID: 34063445 PMCID: PMC8155838 DOI: 10.3390/v13050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen exposure and rhinovirus (RV) infections are common triggers of acute wheezing exacerbations in early childhood. The identification of such trigger factors is difficult but may have therapeutic implications. Increases of IgE and IgG in sera, were shown against allergens and the N-terminal portion of the VP1 proteins of RV species, respectively, several weeks after allergen exposure or RV infection. Hence, increases in VP1-specific IgG and in allergen-specific IgE may serve as biomarkers for RV infections or allergen exposure. The MeDALL-allergen chip containing comprehensive panels of allergens and the PreDicta RV chip equipped with VP1-derived peptides, representative of three genetic RV species, were used to measure allergen-specific IgE levels and RV-species-specific IgG levels in sera obtained from 120 preschool children at the time of an acute wheezing attack and convalescence. Nearly 20% of the children (22/120) showed specific IgE sensitizations to at least one of the allergen molecules on the MeDALL chip. For 87% of the children, increases in RV-specific IgG could be detected in the follow-up sera. This percentage of RV-specific IgG increases was equal in IgE-positive and -negative children. In 10% of the children, increases or de novo appearances of IgE sensitizations indicative of allergen exposure could be detected. Our results suggest that, in the majority of preschool children, RV infections trigger wheezing attacks, but, in addition, allergen exposure seems to play a role as a trigger factor. RV-induced wheezing attacks occur in IgE-sensitized and non-IgE-sensitized children, indicating that allergic sensitization is not a prerequisite for RV-induced wheeze.
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Borochova K, Niespodziana K, Stenberg Hammar K, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Söderhäll C, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R. Features of the Human Antibody Response against the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surface Glycoprotein G. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020337. [PMID: 32630611 PMCID: PMC7350215 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major cause of serious respiratory disease in infants. RSV occurs as two major subgroups A and B, which mainly differ regarding the surface glycoprotein G. The G protein is important for virus attachment and G-specific antibodies can protect against infection. We expressed the surface-exposed part of A2 strain-derived G (A2-G) in baculovirus-infected insect cells and synthesized overlapping peptides spanning complete A2-G. The investigation of the natural IgG response of adult subjects during a period of one year showed that IgG antibodies (i) recognize G significantly stronger than the fusion protein F0, (ii) target mainly non-conformational, sequential peptide epitopes from the exposed conserved region but also buried peptides, and (iii) exhibit a scattered but constant recognition profile during the observation period. The IgG subclass reactivity profile (IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4 = IgG3) was indicative of a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Two strongly RSV-neutralizing sera including the 1st WHO standard contained high IgG anti-G levels. G-specific IgG increased strongly in children after wheezing attacks suggesting RSV as trigger factor. Our study shows that RSV G and G-derived peptides are useful for serological diagnosis of RSV-triggered exacerbations of respiratory diseases and underlines the importance of G for development of RSV-neutralizing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Borochova
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.B.); (K.N.); (M.F.-T.)
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.B.); (K.N.); (M.F.-T.)
| | - Katarina Stenberg Hammar
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.H.); (G.H.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.H.); (G.H.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.S.H.); (G.H.); (C.S.)
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.B.); (K.N.); (M.F.-T.)
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.B.); (K.N.); (M.F.-T.)
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +431-40400-51130; Fax: +431-40400-51300
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Rawls M, Thiele J, Adams DE, Steacy LM, Ellis AK. Clinical symptoms and biomarkers of Bermuda grass-induced allergic rhinitis using the nasal allergen challenge model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 124:608-615.e2. [PMID: 32173484 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bermuda grass is a prevalent allergen that flourishes in tropical climates. Its exposure is traditionally believed to be low in Ontario due to the colder environment. However, high sensitization rates have been observed in Kingston, Ontario. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether its allergens can provoke allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms in sensitized participants from south-eastern Ontario and determine if nasal allergen challenge (NAC) model is appropriate to study Bermuda grass-induced AR. METHODS Twenty-one participants sensitized to Bermuda grass and 12 nonallergic participants completed a titrated NAC with increasing allergen concentrations at a screening visit. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and peak nasal inspiratory flow were collected before allergen exposure and 10 minutes after delivery of each concentration. Twelve participants with a Bermuda grass allergy who met the qualifying criteria (TNSS ≥ 8 and peak nasal inspiratory flow fall ≥ 50%) and 11 nonallergic controls returned for single-dose NAC visit. RESULTS At titrated NAC, 19 of 21 sensitized participants met the criteria of positive allergic response when challenged. During single-dose NAC, participants with allergy had significantly greater TNSS between 15 minutes and 3 hours after NAC than controls. Likewise, allergic participants had a significantly increased number of nasal lavage eosinophils at both 1 and 6 hours after NAC. Bermuda grass-specific immunoglobulin E was significantly increased in Bermuda grass allergic participants at NAC than screening visit. CONCLUSION Although Bermuda grass is a non-native allergen in Ontario, it can induce AR symptoms in sensitized participants, and the NAC model is appropriate to study Bermuda grass-induced AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rawls
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Thiele
- Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Adams
- Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa M Steacy
- Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Allergy Research Unit, Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Tsuji M, Koriyama C, Ishihara Y, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Kanatani K, Bamai YA, Onishi K, Senju A, Araki S, Shibata E, Morokuma S, Sanefuji M, Kitazawa H, Saito M, Umezawa M, Onoda A, Kusuhara K, Tanaka R, Kawamoto T. Associations Between Metal Levels in Whole Blood and IgE Concentrations in Pregnant Women Based on Data From the Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Epidemiol 2019; 29:478-486. [PMID: 30643099 PMCID: PMC6859078 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metal exposures could possibly affect allergic responses in pregnant women, although no studies have yet shown a clear relationship between the two, and such exposures might also affect the development of allergic diseases in children. Methods We investigated the relationship between metal concentrations in whole blood and immunoglobulin E (IgE; total and specific) in 14,408 pregnant women who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The subjects submitted self-administered questionnaires, and blood samples were collected from them twice, specifically, during the first trimester and again during the second/third trimester. Concentrations of the metals Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn, as well as serum total and allergen-specific IgEs for egg white, house dust-mites (HDM), Japanese cedar pollen (JCP), animal dander, and moth, were measured. Allergen-specific IgE(s) were divided based on concentrations <0.35 or ≥0.35 UA/mL, and the metal levels were divided into quartiles. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between HDM- and animal dander-specific IgEs and Hg and Mn concentrations. Conversely, there was a significant positive relationship between JCP-specific IgE and Hg and Se concentrations. Conclusions Metal exposures may be related to both increases and decreases in allergen-specific IgEs in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Kumiko Kanatani
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sciences
| | - Kazunari Onishi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Ayako Senju
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, UOEH Subunit Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Shunsuke Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Eiji Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Seiichi Morokuma
- Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Center for Environmental and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroshi Kitazawa
- Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Mayako Saito
- Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital.,Postdoctoral Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Japan Environment and Children's Study, UOEH Subunit Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Two years of treatment with the recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine BM32 induces a continuously increasing allergen-specific IgG 4 response. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:421-432. [PMID: 31786130 PMCID: PMC6921329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BM32, a grass pollen allergy vaccine containing four recombinant fusion proteins consisting of hepatitis B-derived PreS and hypoallergenic peptides from the major timothy grass pollen allergens adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide has been shown to be safe and to improve clinical symptoms of grass pollen allergy upon allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). We have investigated the immune responses in patients from a two years double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT field trial with BM32. Methods Blood samples from patients treated with BM32 (n = 27) or placebo (Aluminium hydroxide) (n = 13) were obtained to study the effects of vaccination and natural allergen exposure on allergen-specific antibody, T cell and cytokine responses. Allergen-specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 levels were determined by ImmunoCAP and ELISA, respectively. Allergen-specific lymphocyte proliferation by 3H thymidine incorporation and multiple cytokine responses with a human 17-plex cytokine assay were studied in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Findings Two years AIT comprising two courses of 3 pre-seasonal injections of BM32 and a single booster after the first pollen season induced a continuously increasing (year 2 > year 1) allergen-specific IgG4 response without boosting allergen-specific IgE responses. Specific IgG4 responses were accompanied by low stimulation of allergen-specific PBMC responses. Increases of allergen-specific pro-inflammatory cytokine responses were absent. The rise of allergen-specific IgE induced by seasonal grass pollen exposure was partially blunted in BM32-treated patients. Interpretation AIT with BM32 is characterised by the induction of a non-inflammatory, continuously increasing allergen-specific IgG4 response (year 2 > year1) which may explain that clinical efficacy was higher in year 2 than in year 1. The good safety profile of BM32 may be explained by lack of IgE reactivity and low stimulation of allergen-specific T cell and cytokine responses. Fundings Grants F4605, F4613 and DK 1248-B13 of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).
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17
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Allergen-specific IgE levels and the ability of IgE-allergen complexes to cross-link determine the extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:958-967.e5. [PMID: 31775017 PMCID: PMC7104374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background CD23 mediates IgE-facilitated allergen presentation and subsequent allergen-specific T-cell activation in allergic patients. Objective We sought to investigate key factors regulating IgE-facilitated allergen presentation through CD23 and subsequent T-cell activation. Methods To study T-cell activation by free allergens and different types of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes, we used a molecular model based on monoclonal human Bet v 1–specific IgE, monomeric and oligomeric Bet v 1 allergen, an MHC-matched CD23-expressing B-cell line, and a T-cell line expressing a human Bet v 1–specific T-cell receptor. The ability to cross-link Fcε receptors of complexes consisting of either IgE and monomeric Bet v 1 or IgE and oligomeric Bet v 1 was studied in human FcεRI-expressing basophils. T-cell proliferation by monomeric or oligomeric Bet v 1, which cross-links Fcε receptors to a different extent, was studied in allergic patients’ PBMCs with and without CD23-expressing B cells. Results In our model non–cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 monomer complexes, as well as cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes, induced T-cell activation, which was dependent on the concentration of specific IgE. However, T-cell activation by cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes was approximately 125-fold more efficient. Relevant T-cell proliferation occurred in allergic patients’ PBMCs only in the presence of B cells, and its magnitude depended on the ability of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes to cross-link CD23. Conclusion The extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation depends on the concentration of allergen-specific IgE and the cross-linking ability of IgE-allergen complexes.
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Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090994. [PMID: 31466324 PMCID: PMC6769703 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the key immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of IgE associated allergic diseases affecting 30% of the world population. Recent data suggest that allergen-specific IgE levels in serum of allergic patients are sustained by two different mechanisms: inducible IgE production through allergen exposure, and continuous IgE production occurring even in the absence of allergen stimulus that maintains IgE levels. This assumption is supported by two observations. First, allergen exposure induces transient increases of systemic IgE production. Second, reduction in IgE levels upon depletion of IgE from the blood of allergic patients using immunoapheresis is only temporary and IgE levels quickly return to pre-treatment levels even in the absence of allergen exposure. Though IgE production has been observed in the peripheral blood and locally in various human tissues (e.g., nose, lung, spleen, bone marrow), the origin and main sites of IgE production in humans remain unknown. Furthermore, IgE-producing cells in humans have yet to be fully characterized. Capturing IgE-producing cells is challenging not only because current staining technologies are inadequate, but also because the cells are rare, they are difficult to discriminate from cells bearing IgE bound to IgE-receptors, and plasma cells express little IgE on their surface. However, due to the central role in mediating both the early and late phases of allergy, free IgE, IgE-bearing effector cells and IgE-producing cells are important therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current knowledge and unanswered questions regarding IgE production in allergic patients as well as possible therapeutic approaches targeting IgE.
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Mucosal IgE immune responses in respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 46:100-107. [PMID: 31220711 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IgE is the less abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum and displays higher affinity for its cognate Fc receptor (FcεRI) than the rest of antibody isotypes. Moreover, the class switch recombination and the generation of memory responses remarkably differ between IgE and other isotypes. Importantly, class switch recombination to IgE can occur in the mucosae, preferentially through the sequential switching from IgG. Therefore, resident effector cells get rapidly sensitized, and free IgE can be found in mucosal secretions. All these aspects explain the involvement of IgE in respiratory diseases. In allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, the IgE-sensitization to environmental allergens triggers an eosinophilic inflammation of the airway mucosa of atopic patients. In recent years, growing evidence indicates that some non-atopic patients with nasal reactivity to allergens display nasal eosinophilic inflammation, which could be triggered by the local production of allergen-specific IgE. This phenotype has been termed local allergic rhinitis. Mucosal IgE is also implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, even though the mechanisms for IgE synthesis might differ in this case. The role of IgE as mediator of airway diseases identify this marker as a therapeutic target. Some biologicals antagonize IgE-mediated inflammation of the airway mucosa, but they have not shown a beneficial long-term effect after discontinuation. In contrast, allergen immunotherapy does not only control the symptoms of airway allergy, but it also induces a long-lasting effect after discontinuation, thus modifying the natural course of the disease.
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Eckl-Dorna J, Villazala-Merino S, Linhart B, Karaulov AV, Zhernov Y, Khaitov M, Niederberger-Leppin V, Valenta R. Allergen-Specific Antibodies Regulate Secondary Allergen-Specific Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3131. [PMID: 30705676 PMCID: PMC6344431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immunologically-mediated hypersensensitivity disease. It is based on the production of IgE antibodies and T cell responses against per se innocuous antigens (i.e., allergens) and subsequent allergen-induced inflammation in genetically pre-disposed individuals. While allergen exposure in sensitized subjects mainly boosts IgE production and T cell activation, successful allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces the production of allergen-specific IgG antibodies and reduces T cell activity. Under both circumstances, the resulting allergen-antibody complexes play a major role in modulating secondary allergen-specific immune responses: Allergen-IgE complexes induce mast cell and basophil activation and perpetuate allergen-specific T cell responses via presentation of allergen by allergen presenting cells to T cells, a process called IgE-facilitated antigen presentation (FAP). In addition, they may induce activation of IgE memory B cells. Allergen-induced production of specific IgGs usually exerts ameliorating effects but under certain circumstances may also contribute to exacerbation. Allergen-specific IgG antibodies induced by AIT which compete with IgE for allergen binding (i.e., blocking IgG) inhibit formation of IgE-allergen complexes and reduce activation of effector cells, B cells and indirectly T cells as FAP is prevented. Experimental data provide evidence that by binding of allergen-specific IgG to epitopes different from those recognized by IgE, allergen-specific IgG may enhance IgE-mediated activation of mast cells, basophils and allergen-specific IgE+ B cells. In this review we provide an overview about the role of allergen-specific antibodies in regulating secondary allergen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander V Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Zhernov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Campana R, Marth K, Zieglmayer P, Weber M, Lupinek C, Zhernov Y, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, Rigler E, Westritschnig K, Berger U, Wolkersdorfer M, Horak F, Horak F, Valenta R. Vaccination of nonallergic individuals with recombinant hypoallergenic fragments of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1: Safety, effects, and mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1258-1261. [PMID: 30471304 PMCID: PMC6411133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Milena Weber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Zhernov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eva Rigler
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Westritschnig
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Berger
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wolkersdorfer
- Department of Production, Landesapotheke Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Horak
- Allergy Center Vienna West, Huetteldorfer Straße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Horak
- Vienna Challenge Chamber, Huetteldorfer Straße, Vienna, Austria; Allergy Center Vienna West, Huetteldorfer Straße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Niespodziana K, Stenberg-Hammar K, Megremis S, Cabauatan CR, Napora-Wijata K, Vacal PC, Gallerano D, Lupinek C, Ebner D, Schlederer T, Harwanegg C, Söderhäll C, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Papadopoulos NG, Valenta R. PreDicta chip-based high resolution diagnosis of rhinovirus-induced wheeze. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2382. [PMID: 29915220 PMCID: PMC6006174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections are major triggers of acute exacerbations of severe respiratory diseases such as pre-school wheeze, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The occurrence of numerous RV types is a major challenge for the identification of the culprit virus types and for the improvement of virus type-specific treatment strategies. Here, we develop a chip containing 130 different micro-arrayed RV proteins and peptides and demonstrate in a cohort of 120 pre-school children, most of whom had been hospitalized due to acute wheeze, that it is possible to determine the culprit RV species with a minute blood sample by serology. Importantly, we identify RV-A and RV-C species as giving rise to most severe respiratory symptoms. Thus, we have generated a chip for the serological identification of RV-induced respiratory illness which should be useful for the rational development of preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the most important RV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarina Stenberg-Hammar
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Clarissa R Cabauatan
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamila Napora-Wijata
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phyllis C Vacal
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Gallerano
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Phadia Austria GmbH, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific ImmunoDiagnostics, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schlederer
- Phadia Austria GmbH, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific ImmunoDiagnostics, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Harwanegg
- Phadia Austria GmbH, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific ImmunoDiagnostics, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, 106 79, Athens, Greece.
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Heeringa JJ, Rijvers L, Arends NJ, Driessen GJ, Pasmans SG, Dongen JJM, Jongste JC, Zelm MC. IgE-expressing memory B cells and plasmablasts are increased in blood of children with asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2018; 73:1331-1336. [PMID: 29380876 DOI: 10.1111/all.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the critical role of soluble IgE in the pathology of IgE-mediated allergic disease, little is known about abnormalities in the memory B cells and plasma cells that produce IgE in allergic patients. We here applied a flow cytometric approach to cross-sectionally study blood IgE+ memory B cells and plasmablasts in 149 children with atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and/or asthma and correlated these to helper T(h)2 cells and eosinophils. Children with allergic disease had increased numbers of IgE+CD27- and IgE+CD27+ memory B cells and IgE+ plasmablasts, as well as increased numbers of eosinophils and Th2 cells. IgE+ plasmablast numbers correlated positively with Th2 cell numbers. These findings open new possibilities for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment in patients with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Heeringa
- Department of Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. Rijvers
- Department of Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - N. J. Arends
- Department of Allergy Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. J. Driessen
- Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics Haga Teaching Hospital Juliana Children's Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
| | - S. G. Pasmans
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. J. M. Dongen
- Department of Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Zelm
- Department of Immunology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
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24
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Eckl-Dorna J, Fröschl R, Lupinek C, Kiss R, Gattinger P, Marth K, Campana R, Mittermann I, Blatt K, Valent P, Selb R, Mayer A, Gangl K, Steiner I, Gamper J, Perkmann T, Zieglmayer P, Gevaert P, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Intranasal administration of allergen increases specific IgE whereas intranasal omalizumab does not increase serum IgE levels-A pilot study. Allergy 2018; 73:1003-1012. [PMID: 29083477 PMCID: PMC5969304 DOI: 10.1111/all.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Administration of the therapeutic anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab to patients induces strong increases in IgE antibody levels. Objective To investigate the effect of intranasal administration of major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, omalizumab or placebo on the levels of total and allergen‐specific IgE in patients with birch pollen allergy. Methods Based on the fact that intranasal allergen application induces rises of systemic allergen‐specific IgE, we performed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot trial in which birch pollen allergic subjects were challenged intranasally with omalizumab, placebo or birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Total and allergen‐specific IgE, IgG and basophil sensitivity were measured before and 8 weeks after challenge. For control purposes, total, allergen‐specific IgE levels and omalizumab‐IgE complexes as well as specific IgG levels were studied in subjects treated subcutaneously with either omalizumab or placebo. Effects of omalizumab on IgE production by IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐treated PBMCs from allergic patients were studied in vitro. Results Intranasal challenge with Bet v 1 induced increases in Bet v 1‐specific IgE levels by a median of 59.2%, and this change differed significantly from the other treatment groups (P = .016). No relevant change in allergen‐specific and total IgE levels was observed in subjects challenged with omalizumab. Addition of omalizumab did not enhance IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐induced IgE production in vitro. Significant rises in total IgE (mean IgE before: 131.83 kU/L to mean IgE after: 505.23 kU/L) and the presence of IgE‐omalizumab complexes were observed after subcutaneous administration of omalizumab. Conclusion Intranasal administration of allergen induced rises of allergen‐specific IgE levels, whereas intranasal administration of omalizumab did not enhance systemic total or allergen‐specific IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Fröschl
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Kiss
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Gattinger
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Mittermann
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Mayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Gamper
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Perkmann
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - P. Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory (URL); Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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25
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:195-256. [PMID: 29731005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens. Thirty years ago the first allergen-encoding cDNAs have been isolated. In the meantime, the structures of most of the allergens relevant for disease in humans have been solved. Here we provide an update regarding what has been learned through the use of defined allergen molecules (i.e., molecular allergology) and about mechanisms of allergic disease in humans. We focus on new insights gained regarding the process of sensitization to allergens, allergen-specific secondary immune responses, and mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation and discuss open questions. We then show how molecular forms of diagnosis and specific immunotherapy are currently revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients and how allergen-specific approaches may be used for the preventive eradication of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch-Marat
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Allergy genuflection? It's surmount with special focus on ear, nose and throat. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:592-601. [PMID: 28161280 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The system that protects body from infectious agents is immune system. On occasions, the system seldom reacts with some foreign particles and causes allergy. Allergies of the ear, nose and throat (ENT) often have serious consequences, including impairment and emotional strain that lowers the quality of life of patients. This is further responsible for the common cold, cough, tonsillitis, dermal infection, chest pain and asthma-like conditions which disturb one's day to day life. The present review enlightens some common ENT allergies which one can suffer more frequently in one's lifetime, and ignorance leads to making the condition chronic. Information regarding pathophysiology and the management of ENT allergy by this review could help clinicians and common people to better understand the circumstances and treatment of ENT allergy.
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27
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Epicutaneous allergen application preferentially boosts specific T cell responses in sensitized patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11657. [PMID: 28912492 PMCID: PMC5599525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of epicutaneous allergen administration on systemic immune responses in allergic and non-allergic individuals has not been investigated with defined allergen molecules. We studied the effects of epicutaneous administration of rBet v 1 and rBet v 1 fragments on systemic immune responses in allergic and non-allergic subjects. We conducted a clinical trial in which rBet v 1 and two hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments were applied epicutaneously by atopy patch testing (APT) to 15 birch pollen (bp) allergic patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, 5 bp-allergic patients suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis only, 5 patients with respiratory allergy without bp allergy and 5 non-allergic individuals. Epicutaneous administration of rBet v 1 and rBet v 1 fragments led to strong and significant increases of allergen-specific T cell proliferation (CLA+ and CCR4+T cell responses) only in bp-allergic patients with a positive APT reaction. There were no relevant changes of Bet v 1-specific IgE and IgG responses. No changes were noted in allergic subjects without bp allergy and in non-allergic subjects. Epicutaneous allergen application boosts specific T cell but not antibody responses mainly in allergic, APT-positive patients suggesting IgE-facilitated allergen presentation as mechanism for its effects on systemic allergen-specific immune responses.
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28
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Valenta R, Campana R, Niederberger V. Recombinant allergy vaccines based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:19-26. [PMID: 28472641 PMCID: PMC6390931 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity disease. It affects more than 25% of the population. In IgE-sensitized subjects, allergen encounter can causes a variety of symptoms ranging from hayfever (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) to asthma, skin inflammation, food allergy and severe life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is based on vaccination with the disease-causing allergens. AIT is an extremely effective, causative and disease-modifying treatment. However, administration of natural allergens can cause severe side effects and the quality of natural allergen extracts limits its application. Research in the field of molecular allergen characterization has allowed deciphering the molecular structures of the disease-causing allergens and it has become possible to engineer novel molecular allergy vaccines which precisely target the mechanisms of the allergic immune response and even appear suitable for prophylactic allergy vaccination. Here we discuss recombinant allergy vaccines which are based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes regarding their molecular and immunological properties and review the results obtained in clinical studies with this new type of allergy vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Leaker BR, Malkov VA, Mogg R, Ruddy MK, Nicholson GC, Tan AJ, Tribouley C, Chen G, De Lepeleire I, Calder NA, Chung H, Lavender P, Carayannopoulos LN, Hansel TT. The nasal mucosal late allergic reaction to grass pollen involves type 2 inflammation (IL-5 and IL-13), the inflammasome (IL-1β), and complement. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:408-420. [PMID: 27677865 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive mucosal sampling (nasosorption and nasal curettage) was used following nasal allergen challenge with grass pollen in subjects with allergic rhinitis, in order to define the molecular basis of the late allergic reaction (LAR). It was found that the nasal LAR to grass pollen involves parallel changes in pathways of type 2 inflammation (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), inflammasome-related (IL-1β), and complement and circadian-associated genes. A grass pollen nasal spray was given to subjects with hay fever followed by serial sampling, in which cytokines and chemokines were measured in absorbed nasal mucosal lining fluid, and global gene expression (transcriptomics) assessed in nasal mucosal curettage samples. Twelve of 19 subjects responded with elevations in interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-1β and MIP-1β/CCL4 protein levels in the late phase. In addition, in these individuals whole-genome expression profiling showed upregulation of type 2 inflammation involving eosinophils and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13; neutrophil recruitment with IL-1α and IL-1β; the alternative pathway of complement (factor P and C5aR); and prominent effects on circadian-associated transcription regulators. Baseline IL-33 mRNA strongly correlated with these late-phase responses, whereas a single oral dose of prednisone dose-dependently reversed most nasal allergen challenge-induced cytokine and transcript responses. This study shows that the LAR to grass pollen involves a range of inflammatory pathways and suggests potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the marked variation in mucosal inflammatory events between different patients suggests that in the future precision mucosal sampling may enable rational specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Leaker
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd, London, UK
| | - V A Malkov
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - R Mogg
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - M K Ruddy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | | | - A J Tan
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C Tribouley
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - G Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | | | - N A Calder
- MSD (Europe) Inc., Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - H Chung
- Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - P Lavender
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College, London, UK
| | - L N Carayannopoulos
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - T T Hansel
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Lupinek C, Derfler K, Lee S, Prikoszovich T, Movadat O, Wollmann E, Cornelius C, Weber M, Fröschl R, Selb R, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Schoder V, Cervenka R, Plaichner T, Stegfellner G, Huber H, Henning R, Kozik-Jaromin J, Perkmann T, Niederberger V, Petkov V, Valent P, Gauly A, Leinenbach HP, Uhlenbusch-Koerwer I, Valenta R. Extracorporeal IgE Immunoadsorption in Allergic Asthma: Safety and Efficacy. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:119-133. [PMID: 28254561 PMCID: PMC5360571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of IgE-binding to cellular IgE-receptors by anti-IgE (Omalizumab) is clinically effective in allergic asthma, but limited by IgE threshold-levels. To overcome this limitation, we developed a single-use IgE immunoadsorber column (IgEnio). IgEnio is based on a recombinant, IgE-specific antibody fragment and can be used for the specific extracorporeal desorption of IgE. OBJECTIVE To study safety and efficacy of IgEnio regarding the selective depletion of IgE in a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot trial in patients with allergic asthma and to investigate if IgEnio can bind IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes. METHODS Fifteen subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment group (n=10) or to the control group (n=5). Immunoadsorption was done by veno-venous approach, processing the twofold calculated plasma volume during each treatment. A minimum average IgE-depletion of 50% after the last cycle in the intention-to-treat population was defined as primary endpoint. Safety of the treatment was studied as secondary endpoint. In addition, possible changes in allergen-specific sensitivity were investigated, as well as clinical effects by peak flow measurement and symptom-recording. The depletion of IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes was studied in vitro. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02096237) and conducted from December 2013 to July 2014. RESULTS IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio selectively depleted 86.2% (±5.1% SD) of IgE until the end of the last cycle (p<0.0001). Removal of pollen allergen-specific IgE was associated with a reduction of allergen-specific basophil-sensitivity and prevented increases of allergen-specific skin-sensitivity and clinical symptoms during pollen seasons. IgEnio also depleted IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes in vitro. The therapy under investigation was safe and well-tolerated. During a total of 81 aphereses, 2 severe adverse events (SAE) were recorded, one of which, an episode of acute dyspnea, possibly was related to the treatment and resolved after administration of antihistamines and corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study indicates that IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio may be used to treat patients with pollen-induced allergic asthma. Furthermore, the treatment could render allergic patients with highly elevated IgE-levels eligible for the administration of Omalizumab and facilitate the desorption of IgE-Omalizumab complexes. This study was funded by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Derfler
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Lee
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Prikoszovich
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Movadat
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wollmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Cornelius
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fröschl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Schoder
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - René Cervenka
- Fresenius Medical Care Adsorber Tec GmbH, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ventzislav Petkov
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Gauly
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Potential risk of repeated nasal vaccination that induces allergic reaction with mucosal IgE and airway eosinophilic infiltration in cynomolgus macaques infected with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Vaccine 2017; 35:1008-1017. [PMID: 28109707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and detrimental effect of mucosal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine were examined in a macaque model by intranasal administration with small amounts of inactivated whole virus particles and challenge by a human-derived H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. Repeated nasal inoculation with the whole particle vaccine of an inactivated virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1) (Vac-3), induced antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibody production in nasal swabs and plasma. Vac-3-specific IgE production was also found in the nasal swabs. Nasal vaccination with Vac-3 induced broader cross-clade neutralization activity than did subcutaneous vaccination. After challenge infection, repeated nasal vaccination almost completely prevented the propagation of virus in the upper and lower airways and protected cynomolgus macaques from viral pneumonia by induction of IgA-producing B cells in the lungs. On the other hand, eosinophil clusters were observed in the lungs of vaccinated macaques. Although Vac-3-specific IgE antibody and IL-13 levels were decreased after infection compared to those before infection and no anaphylaxis in vaccinated macaques was detected after challenge infection, our results suggest that we have to pay attention to potential allergic responses at repeated nasal vaccination, especially in people who have an airway allergy.
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Carballeda-Sangiao N, Rodríguez-Mahillo AI, Careche M, Navas A, Moneo I, González-Muñoz M. Changes over Time in IgE Sensitization to Allergens of the Fish Parasite Anisakis spp. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004864. [PMID: 27448190 PMCID: PMC4957799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to Anisakis spp. can produce allergic reactions after eating raw or undercooked parasitized fish. Specific IgE is detected long after the onset of symptoms, but the changes in specific IgE levels over a long follow-up period are unknown; furthermore, the influence of Anisakis spp. allergen exposure through consumption of fishery products is also unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyse the changes in IgE sensitization to Anisakis spp. allergens over several years of follow-up and the influence of the consumption of fishery products in IgE sensitization. METHODS Total IgE, Anisakis spp.-specific IgE, anti-Ani s 1 and anti-Ani s 4 IgE were repeatedly measured over a median follow-up duration of 49 months in 17 sensitized patients. RESULTS Anisakis spp.-specific IgE was detected in 16/17 patients throughout the follow-up period. The comparison between baseline and last visit measurements showed significant decreases in both total IgE and specific IgE. The specific IgE values had an exponential or polynomial decay trend in 13/17 patients. In 4/17 patients, an increase in specific IgE level with the introduction of fish to the diet was observed. Three patients reported symptoms after eating aquaculture or previously frozen fish, and in two of those patients, symptom presentation was coincident with an increase in specific IgE level. CONCLUSIONS IgE sensitization to Anisakis spp. allergens lasts for many years since specific IgE was detectable in some patients after more than 8 years from the allergic episode. Specific IgE monitoring showed that specific IgE titres increase in some allergic patients and that allergen contamination of fishery products can account for the observed increase in Anisakis spp.-specific IgE level. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Following sensitization to Anisakis spp. allergens, the absence of additional exposure to those allergens does not result in the loss of IgE sensitization. Exposure to Anisakis spp. allergens in fishery products can increase the specific IgE level in some sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Carballeda-Sangiao
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rodríguez-Mahillo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Careche
- Department of Products, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moneo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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33
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Valenta R, Wollmann E. Bedeutung rekombinanter Allergene und Allergenderivate. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lucae S, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Wüthrich B, Kraft D, Valenta R, Linhart B. IgE responses to exogenous and endogenous allergens in atopic dermatitis patients under long-term systemic cyclosporine A treatment. Allergy 2016; 71:115-8. [PMID: 26234649 PMCID: PMC4950058 DOI: 10.1111/all.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients mount IgE antibody responses to a variety of environmental allergens and also to autoantigens. We analyzed serum samples from four AD patients who had received oral cyclosporine A (CyA) treatment for up to 17 months regarding IgE autoreactivity to nitrocellulose-blotted human epithelial cell extracts and IgE levels to environmental allergens by quantitative ImmunoCap measurements. Skin inflammation was assessed by SCORAD. During full-dose treatment, a strong reduction in T-cell-mediated skin symptoms was observed which reappeared when CyA treatment was reduced or stopped. The intensity of IgE autoreactivity seemed to follow skin inflammation as it was reduced during full-dose treatment and increased upon inflammation. Interestingly, IgE levels to exogenous allergens were boosted by allergen exposure, declined thereafter, and seemed to be unaffected by CyA. Our data thus indicate that allergen-specific IgE production is boosted by allergen contact and cannot be reduced by CyA-mediated T-cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lucae
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - B. Wüthrich
- Department of Dermatology Allergy Unit University Hospital Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - D. Kraft
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - B. Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Gieras A, Linhart B, Roux KH, Dutta M, Khodoun M, Zafred D, Cabauatan CR, Lupinek C, Weber M, Focke-Tejkl M, Keller W, Finkelman FD, Valenta R. IgE epitope proximity determines immune complex shape and effector cell activation capacity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1557-65. [PMID: 26684291 PMCID: PMC4890651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background IgE-allergen complexes induce mast cell and basophil activation and thus immediate allergic inflammation. They are also important for IgE-facilitated allergen presentation to T cells by antigen-presenting cells. Objective To investigate whether the proximity of IgE binding sites on an allergen affects immune complex shape and subsequent effector cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Methods We constructed artificial allergens by grafting IgE epitopes in different numbers and proximity onto a scaffold protein. The shape of immune complexes formed between artificial allergens and the corresponding IgE was studied by negative-stain electron microscopy. Allergenic activity was determined using basophil activation assays. Mice were primed with IgE, followed by injection of artificial allergens to evaluate their in vivo allergenic activity. Severity of systemic anaphylaxis was measured by changes in body temperature. Results We could demonstrate simultaneous binding of 4 IgE antibodies in close vicinity to each other. The proximity of IgE binding sites on allergens influenced the shape of the resulting immune complexes and the magnitude of effector cell activation and in vivo inflammation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the proximity of IgE epitopes on an allergen affects its allergenic activity. We thus identified a novel mechanism by which IgE-allergen complexes regulate allergic inflammation. This mechanism should be important for allergy and other immune complex–mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gieras
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth H Roux
- Department of Biological Science and the Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Biological Science and the Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla
| | - Marat Khodoun
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Cellular and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Domen Zafred
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clarissa R Cabauatan
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Division of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Cellular and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Levin M, King JJ, Glanville J, Jackson KJL, Looney TJ, Hoh RA, Mari A, Andersson M, Greiff L, Fire AZ, Boyd SD, Ohlin M. Persistence and evolution of allergen-specific IgE repertoires during subcutaneous specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1535-44. [PMID: 26559321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment with proved long-term curative potential in patients with allergic disease. Allergen-specific IgE is the causative agent of allergic disease, and antibodies contribute to SIT, but the effects of SIT on aeroallergen-specific B-cell repertoires are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the IgE sequences expressed by allergen-specific B cells and track the fate of these B-cell clones during SIT. METHODS We used high-throughput antibody gene sequencing and identification of allergen-specific IgE with combinatorial antibody fragment library technology to analyze immunoglobulin repertoires of blood and the nasal mucosa from aeroallergen-sensitized subjects before and during the first year of subcutaneous SIT. RESULTS Of 52 distinct allergen-specific IgE heavy chains from 8 allergic donors, 37 were also detected by using high-throughput antibody gene sequencing of blood samples, nasal mucosal samples, or both. The allergen-specific clones had increased persistence, higher likelihood of belonging to clones expressing other switched isotypes, and possibly larger clone size than the rest of the IgE repertoire. Clone members in nasal tissue showed close mutational relationships. CONCLUSION In the future, combining functional binding studies, deep antibody repertoire sequencing, and information on clinical outcomes in larger studies might aid assessment of SIT mechanisms and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Levin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jasmine J King
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Department of Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | | | - Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Adriano Mari
- Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology, Rome, Italy
| | - Morgan Andersson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew Z Fire
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Gangl K, Waltl EE, Vetr H, Cabauatan CR, Niespodziana K, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Infection with Rhinovirus Facilitates Allergen Penetration Across a Respiratory Epithelial Cell Layer. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:291-6. [PMID: 26044772 DOI: 10.1159/000430441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infections are a major risk factor for asthma exacerbations. We sought to investigate in an in vitro system whether infection with human rhinovirus reduces the integrity and barrier function of a respiratory epithelial cell layer and thus may influence allergen penetration. METHODS We cultured the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- in a transwell culture system as a surrogate of respiratory epithelium. The cell monolayer was infected with human rhinovirus 14 at 2 different doses. The extent and effects of transepithelial allergen penetration were assessed using transepithelial resistance measurements and a panel of (125)I-labeled purified recombinant respiratory allergens (rBet v 1, rBet v 2, and rPhl p 5). RESULTS Infection of respiratory cell monolayers with human rhinovirus decreased transepithelial resistance and induced a pronounced increase in allergen penetration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that infection with rhinovirus damages the respiratory epithelial barrier and allows allergens to penetrate more efficiently into the subepithelial tissues where they may cause increased allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Valenta R, Hochwallner H, Linhart B, Pahr S. Food allergies: the basics. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1120-31.e4. [PMID: 25680669 PMCID: PMC4414527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IgE-associated food allergy affects approximately 3% of the population and has severe effects on the daily life of patients-manifestations occur not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also affect other organ systems. Birth cohort studies have shown that allergic sensitization to food allergens develops early in childhood. Mechanisms of pathogenesis include cross-linking of mast cell- and basophil-bound IgE and immediate release of inflammatory mediators, as well as late-phase and chronic allergic inflammation, resulting from T-cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation. Researchers have begun to characterize the molecular features of food allergens and have developed chip-based assays for multiple allergens. These have provided information about cross-reactivity among different sources of food allergens, identified disease-causing food allergens, and helped us to estimate the severity and types of allergic reactions in patients. Importantly, learning about the structure of disease-causing food allergens has allowed researchers to engineer synthetic and recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Janciauskiene S, Olejnicka B, Koczulla R, Cardell LO, Welte T, Westin U. Allergen-specific immunotherapy increases plasma gelsolin levels. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 28:e136-40. [PMID: 24980225 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed that patients with allergic asthma/rhinitis have increased apoptosis of peripheral blood cells. This study was designed to explore the idea that the markers of apoptosis may help predict the response of allergen immunotherapy. METHODS The Allergy Department of University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, recruited a total of 58 young adults (<35 years) with a history of birch pollen/grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. Their diagnoses were verified by positive skin-prick tests and the presence of serum-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies toward birch and/or grass pollen. Plasma samples were obtained from 34 patients before the start of immunotherapy and 24 patients after treatment. The control group consisted of 38 nonallergic individuals. The levels of plasma gelsolin, soluble forms of Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (Fas-L), the chemokine CCL17 (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine), and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP) 1, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In patients receiving immunotherapy plasma gelsolin levels were higher relative to those without immunotherapy (the median level was 23.97 μg/mL [range, 18-35.8 μg/mL] versus 21.2 μg/mL [range, 13.9-29.8 μg/mL]; p = 0.012) and were similar to those of healthy controls (24.7 μg/mL [range, 17.4-35.3 μg/mL]). Plasma levels of sFas, Fas-L, CCL17, and TIMP-1 did not differ between study groups. Only in controls did the plasma gelsolin levels inversely correlate to the levels of soluble Fas. CONCLUSION Allergen-specific immunotherapy increases plasma levels of gelsolin, an antioxidant and antiapoptotic protein.
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Wong KJ, Timbrell V, Xi Y, Upham JW, Collins AM, Davies JM. IgE+ B cells are scarce, but allergen-specific B cells with a memory phenotype circulate in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2015; 70:420-8. [PMID: 25556717 DOI: 10.1111/all.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the critical role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in allergy, circulating IgE+ B cells are scarce. Here, we describe in patients with allergic rhinitis B cells with a memory phenotype responding to a prototypic aeroallergen. METHODS Fifteen allergic rhinitis patients with grass pollen allergy and 13 control subjects were examined. Blood mononuclear cells stained with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) were cultured with Bahia grass pollen. Proliferation and phenotype were assessed by multicolour flow cytometry. RESULTS In blood of allergic rhinitis patients with high serum IgE to grass pollen, most IgE(hi) cells were CD123+ HLA-DR(-) basophils, with IgE for the major pollen allergen (Pas n 1). Both B and T cells from pollen-allergic donors showed higher proliferation to grass pollen than nonallergic donors (P = 0.002, and 0.010, respectively), whereas responses to vaccine antigens and mitogen did not differ between groups. Allergen-driven B cells that divided rapidly (CD19(mid) CD3(-) CFSE(lo) ) showed higher CD27 (P = 0.008) and lower CD19 (P = 0.004) and CD20 (P = 0.004) expression than B cells that were slow to respond to allergen (CD19(hi) CD3(-) CFSE(mid) ). Moreover, rapidly dividing allergen-driven B cells (CD19(mid) CFSE(lo) CD27(hi) ) showed higher expression of the plasmablast marker CD38 compared with B cells (CD19(hi) CFSE(mid) CD27(lo) ) that were slow to divide. CONCLUSION Patients with pollen allergy but not control donors have a population of circulating allergen-specific B cells with the phenotype and functional properties of adaptive memory B-cell responses. These cells could provide precursors for allergen-specific IgE production upon allergen re-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Wong
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - V. Timbrell
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - Y. Xi
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - J. W. Upham
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
| | - A. M. Collins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
| | - J. M. Davies
- Lung and Allergy Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Qld Australia
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41
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Egger C, Lupinek C, Ristl R, Lemell P, Horak F, Zieglmayer P, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Effects of nasal corticosteroids on boosts of systemic allergen-specific IgE production induced by nasal allergen exposure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114991. [PMID: 25705889 PMCID: PMC4338223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen exposure via the respiratory tract and in particular via the nasal mucosa boosts systemic allergen-specific IgE production. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) represent a first line treatment of allergic rhinitis but their effects on this boost of allergen-specific IgE production are unclear. Aim Here we aimed to determine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study whether therapeutic doses of an INCS preparation, i.e., nasal fluticasone propionate, have effects on boosts of allergen-specific IgE following nasal allergen exposure. Methods Subjects (n = 48) suffering from grass and birch pollen allergy were treated with daily fluticasone propionate or placebo nasal spray for four weeks. After two weeks of treatment, subjects underwent nasal provocation with either birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 or grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Bet v 1 and Phl p 5-specific IgE, IgG1–4, IgM and IgA levels were measured in serum samples obtained at the time of provocation and one, two, four, six and eight weeks thereafter. Results Nasal allergen provocation induced a median increase to 141.1% of serum IgE levels to allergens used for provocation but not to control allergens 4 weeks after provocation. There were no significant differences regarding the boosts of allergen-specific IgE between INCS- and placebo-treated subjects. Conclusion In conclusion, the application of fluticasone propionate had no significant effects on the boosts of systemic allergen-specific IgE production following nasal allergen exposure. Trial Registration http://clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT00755066
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Egger
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Lemell
- Department Vienna Challenge Chamber, Allergy Centre Vienna West, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Horak
- Department Vienna Challenge Chamber, Allergy Centre Vienna West, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Zieglmayer
- Department Vienna Challenge Chamber, Allergy Centre Vienna West, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Spitzauer
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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42
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Berkowska MA, Heeringa JJ, Hajdarbegovic E, van der Burg M, Thio HB, van Hagen PM, Boon L, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, van Zelm MC. Human IgE+ B cells are derived from T cell–dependent and T cell–independent pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:688-697.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Marth K, Wollmann E, Gallerano D, Ndlovu P, Makupe I, Valenta R, Sibanda E. Persistence of IgE-associated allergy and allergen-specific IgE despite CD4+ T cell loss in AIDS. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97893. [PMID: 24896832 PMCID: PMC4045723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of CD4+ cells by HIV leads to the progressive destruction of CD4+ T lymphocytes and, after a severe reduction of CD4+ cells, to AIDS. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/µl can suffer from symptoms of IgE-mediated allergy, produce allergen-specific IgE antibody responses and show boosts of allergen-specific IgE production. HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µl suffering from AIDS and from IgE-mediated allergy were studied. Allergy was diagnosed according to case history, physical examination, skin prick testing (SPT), and serological analyses including allergen microarrays. HIV infection was confirmed serologically and the disease was staged clinically. The predominant allergic symptoms in the studied patients were acute allergic rhinitis (73%) followed by asthma (27%) due to IgE-mediated mast cell activation whereas no late phase allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, a mainly T cell-mediated skin manifestation, were found in patients suffering from AIDS. According to IgE serology allergies to house dust mites and grass pollen were most common besides IgE sensitizations to various food allergens. Interestingly, pollen allergen-specific IgE antibody levels in the patients with AIDS and in additional ten IgE-sensitized patients with HIV infections and low CD4 counts appeared to be boosted by seasonal allergen exposure and were not associated with CD4 counts. Our results indicate that secondary allergen-specific IgE production and IgE-mediated allergic inflammation do not require a fully functional CD4+ T lymphocyte repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wollmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Gallerano
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Portia Ndlovu
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ian Makupe
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elopy Sibanda
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe
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44
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Niederberger V, Eckl-Dorna J, Pauli G. Recombinant allergen-based provocation testing. Methods 2014; 66:96-105. [PMID: 23920475 PMCID: PMC3988965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, recombinant allergens from all important allergen sources have been cloned and are now available as recombinant proteins. These molecules can be produced in practically unlimited amounts without biological or batch-to-batch variability. It has been shown in provocation tests that recombinant allergens have similar clinical effects as their natural counterparts. With the help of these tools it is possible to reveal the precise reactivity profiles of patients and to uncover and differentiate cross-reactivity from genuine sensitization to an allergen source. Although it has been shown some time ago that it would be possible to replace crude allergen extracts with recombinant allergens for skin prick testing, and even though the use of allergen components can improve routine diagnosis, these tools are still not available for clinical routine applications. The use of provocation tests is a crucial step in the development of new, hypoallergenic vaccines for therapy of allergic disease. Here we describe important provocation methods (skin prick test, intradermal test, atopy patch test, nasal provocation, colonoscopic provocation test) and give an overview of the clinical provocation studies which have been performed with recombinant allergens so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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45
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Eckl-Dorna J, Niederberger V. What is the source of serum allergen-specific IgE? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:281-7. [PMID: 23585215 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE), the key effector element in the induction and propagation of allergic diseases, is the least abundant antibody class. In allergic patients, class switch recombination to IgE in B cells is induced by allergen contact in conjunction with T cell interaction and a Th2 cytokine environment. With regard to future therapeutic approaches, the sites of IgE production in human subjects and the nature and characteristics of IgE-producing cells are of great interest. In this context, it has been shown that allergen-specific IgE levels can be boosted by contact with allergens via the respiratory mucosa of the nose. Also, it has been proposed that allergy effector organs (e.g., the nasal mucosa and the lung) may be important sites of IgE production in allergic patients. IgE-producing cells have also been found in the blood, but their numbers are extremely low. Transfer of specific sensitization during bone marrow transplantation indicates the presence of IgE-producing B memory cells or plasma cells also in the bone marrow. This review summarizes data on the induction of IgE production, IgE memory and the sites of IgE production in human allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Eckl-Dorna J, Pree I, Reisinger J, Marth K, Chen KW, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Niederberger V. The majority of allergen-specific IgE in the blood of allergic patients does not originate from blood-derived B cells or plasma cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1347-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - I. Pree
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - J. Reisinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | | | - K.-W. Chen
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - S. Spitzauer
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | | | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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47
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Valenta R, Campana R, Marth K, van Hage M. Allergen-specific immunotherapy: from therapeutic vaccines to prophylactic approaches. J Intern Med 2012; 272:144-57. [PMID: 22640224 PMCID: PMC4573524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies affect more than 25% of the population. Allergen exposure induces a variety of symptoms in allergic patients, which include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, dermatitis, food allergy and life-threatening systemic anaphylaxis. At present, allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT), which is based on the administration of the disease-causing allergens, is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergy. Current therapeutic allergy vaccines are still prepared from relatively poorly defined allergen extracts. However, with the availability of the structures of the most common allergen molecules, it has become possible to produce well-defined recombinant and synthetic allergy vaccines that allow specific targeting of the mechanisms of allergic disease. Here we provide a summary of the development and mechanisms of SIT, and then review new forms of therapeutic vaccines that are based on recombinant and synthetic molecules. Finally, we discuss possible allergen-specific strategies for prevention of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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48
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Abstract
IgE-mediated allergies affect more than 25% of the population. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is an antigen-specific and disease-modifying form of treatment. It is based on the therapeutic administration of the disease-causing allergens to allergic patients. However, the fact that only allergen extracts of insufficient quality are currently available and the possible occurrence of side effects during treatment limit the broad use of SIT and prophylactic vaccination is has not yet been performed. In the last 20 years the DNA sequences of the most common allergens have been isolated and the corresponding allergens have been produced as recombinant allergens. Based on the progress made in the field of allergen characterization it is possible to improve the quality and safety of allergy vaccines and to develop new, more effective strategies for a broad application of SIT and even for prophylactic treatment. Here we discuss the development of combination vaccines for allergy and infectious diseases. This approach is based on the selection of allergen-derived peptides with reduced IgE- and T cell reactivity in order to minimize IgE- and T cell-mediated side effects as well as the potential of the vaccine to induce allergic sensitization. These peptides are fused by recombinant technology onto a viral carrier protein to obtain a combination vaccine which induces protective immunity against allergy and viral infections. The application of such combination vaccines for therapy and prophylaxis of allergy and infectious diseases is discussed.
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49
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Dullaers M, De Bruyne R, Ramadani F, Gould HJ, Gevaert P, Lambrecht BN. The who, where, and when of IgE in allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:635-45. [PMID: 22168998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis are characterized by a T(H)2-dominated immune response associated with increased serum IgE levels in response to inhaled allergens. Because IgE is a key player in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation, it represents a prime target for therapeutic intervention. However, our understanding of IgE biology remains fragmentary. This article puts together our current knowledge on IgE in allergic airway diseases with a special focus on the identity of IgE-secreting cells ("who"), their location ("where"), and the circumstances in which they are induced ("when"). We further consider the therapeutic implications of the insights gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dullaers
- Laboratorium of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Linhart B, Valenta R. Mechanisms underlying allergy vaccination with recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives. Vaccine 2011; 30:4328-35. [PMID: 22100888 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Hundred years ago therapeutic vaccination with allergen-containing extracts has been introduced as a clinically effective, disease-modifying, allergen-specific and long-lasting form of therapy for allergy, a hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 25% of the population. Today, the structures of most of the disease-causing allergens have been elucidated and recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives with reduced allergenic activity have been engineered to reduce side effects during allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT). These recombinant hypoallergens have been characterized in vitro, in experimental animal models and in clinical trials in allergic patients. This review provides a summary of the molecular, immunological and preclinical evaluation criteria applied for this new generation of allergy vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanisms underlying SIT with recombinant hypoallergens which are thought to be responsible for their therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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