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Abstract
This review provides a global overview on Rosaceae allergy and details the particularities of each fruit allergy induced by ten Rosaceae species: almond/peach/cherry/apricot/plum (Amygdaleae), apple/pear (Maleae), and raspberry/blackberry/strawberry (Rosoideae). Data on clinical symptoms, prevalence, diagnosis, and immunotherapies for the treatment of Rosaceae allergy are herein stated. Allergen molecular characterization, cross-reactivity/co-sensitization phenomena, the impact of food processing and digestibility, and the methods currently available for the Rosaceae detection/quantification in foods are also described. Rosaceae allergy has a major impact in context to pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergies, being greatly influenced by geography, environment, and presence of cofactors. Peach, apple, and almond allergies are probably the ones most affecting the quality of life of the allergic-patients, although allergies to other Rosaceae fruits cannot be overlooked. From patients' perspective, self-allergy management and an efficient avoidance of multiple fruits are often difficult to achieve, which might raise the risk for cross-reactivity and co-sensitization phenomena and increase the severity of the induced allergic responses with time. At this point, the absence of effective allergy diagnosis (lack of specific molecular markers) and studies advancing potential immunotherapies are some gaps that certainly will prompt the progress on novel strategies to manage Rosaceae food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Asero R, Pravettoni V, Scala E, Villalta D. Lipid transfer protein allergy: A review of current controversies. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:222-230. [PMID: 34773669 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization to lipid transfer protein (LTP), the most frequent cause of food allergy in southern Europe, still shows several controversial, but also intriguing, aspects. Some of these include the degree of cross-reactivity between LTPs from botanically distant sources, the definition of risk factors, the role of some cofactors, clinical outcomes, geographical differences and the identification of the primary sensitizer in different areas. This review article tries to analyse and comment on these aspects point by point suggesting some explanatory hypotheses with the final scope to stimulate critical thoughts and elicit the scientific discussion about this issue in the readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Pravettoni
- Department of General Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit, IDI - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Immunologia e allergologia, Ospedale S. Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
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3
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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4
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Skypala IJ, Bartra J, Ebo DG, Antje Faber M, Fernández‐Rivas M, Gomez F, Luengo O, Till SJ, Asero R, Barber D, Cecchi L, Diaz Perales A, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Anna Pastorello E, Swoboda I, Konstantinopoulos AP, Ree R, Scala E. The diagnosis and management of allergic reactions in patients sensitized to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Allergy 2021; 76:2433-2446. [PMID: 33655502 DOI: 10.1111/all.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization to one or more non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), initially thought to exist mainly in southern Europe, is becoming accepted as a cause of allergic reactions to plant foods across Europe and beyond. The peach nsLTP allergen Pru p 3 is a dominant sensitizing allergen and peaches a common food trigger, although multiple foods can be involved. A frequent feature of reactions is the requirement for a cofactor (exercise, alcohol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Cannabis sativa) to be present for a food to elicit a reaction. The variability in the food and cofactor triggers makes it essential to include an allergy-focused diet and clinical history in the diagnostic workup. Testing on suspected food triggers should also establish whether sensitization to nsLTP is present, using purified or recombinant nsLTP allergens such as Pru p 3. The avoidance of known trigger foods and advice on cofactors is currently the main management for this condition. Studies on immunotherapy are promising, but it is unknown whether such treatments will be useful in populations where Pru p 3 is not the primary sensitizing allergen. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of cofactors, improving diagnostic accuracy and establishing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J. Skypala
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Imperial College London UK
| | - Joan Bartra
- Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain
- IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona ARADyAL, Barcelona Spain
| | - Didier G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Infla‐Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University Hospital University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Jan Palfijn Ziekenhuis Ghent Ghent Belgium
| | - Margaretha Antje Faber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology Infla‐Med Centre of Excellence Antwerp University Hospital University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Montserrat Fernández‐Rivas
- Department of Allergy Hospital Clínico San Carlos Universidad Complutense de Madrid IdISSC ARADyAL Madrid Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Unit IBIMA—Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Malaga Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy ‐ RETICS de Asma Reaccionesadversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL Madrid Spain
| | - Olga Luengo
- Allergy Unit Internal Medicine Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ARADyAL Barcelona Spain
| | - Stephen J. Till
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology King’s College London London UK
- Department of Allergy Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia Clinica San Carlo Paderno Dugnano Italy
| | - Domingo Barber
- IMMA School of Medicine Universidad San Pablo CEU, Universities Madrid Spain
- RETIC ARADYAL RD16/0006/0015 Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergy and Clinical Immunology USL Toscana Centro Prato Italy
| | - Araceli Diaz Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica Madrid Spain
| | | | - Elide Anna Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Biotechnology Section Campus Vienna Biocenter FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
| | | | - Ronald Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata – IRCCS FLMM Rome Italy
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Skypala IJ, Asero R, Barber D, Cecchi L, Diaz Perales A, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Pastorello EA, Swoboda I, Bartra J, Ebo DG, Faber MA, Fernández-Rivas M, Gomez F, Konstantinopoulos AP, Luengo O, van Ree R, Scala E, Till SJ. Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins: Allergen structure and function, cross-reactivity, sensitization, and epidemiology. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12010. [PMID: 34025983 PMCID: PMC8129635 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Discovered and described 40 years ago, non‐specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) are present in many plant species and play an important role protecting plants from stressors such as heat or drought. In the last 20 years, sensitization to nsLTP and consequent reactions to plant foods has become an increasing concern. Aim The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the structure and function of nsLTP allergens, and cross‐reactivity, sensitization, and epidemiology of nsLTP allergy. Materials and Methods A Task Force, supported by the European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology (EAACI), reviewed current evidence and provide a signpost for future research. The search terms for this paper were “Non‐specific Lipid Transfer Proteins”, “LTP syndrome”, “Pru p 3”, “plant food allergy”, “pollen‐food syndrome”. Results Most nsLTP allergens have a highly conserved structure stabilised by 4‐disulphide bridges. Studies on the peach nsLTP, Pru p 3, demonstrate that nsLTPs are very cross‐reactive, with the four major IgE epitopes of Pru p 3 being shared by nsLTP from other botanically related fruits. These nsLTP allergens are to varying degrees resistant to heat and digestion, and sensitization may occur through the oral, inhaled or cutaneous routes. In some populations, Pru p 3 is the primary and sole sensitizing allergen, but many are poly‐sensitised both to botanically un‐related nsLTP in foods, and non‐food sources of nsLTP such as Cannabis sativa, Platanus acerifolia, (plane tree), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) and Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort). Initially, nsLTP sensitization appeared to be limited to Mediterranean countries, however more recent studies suggest clinically relevant sensitization occurs in North Atlantic regions and also countries in Northern Europe, with nsLTP sensitisation profiles being broadly similar. Discussion These robust allergens have the potential to sensitize and provoke symptoms to a large number of plant foods, including those which are raw, cooked or processed. It is unknown why some sensitized individuals develop clinical symptoms to foods whereas others do not, or indeed what other allergens besides Pru p 3 may be primary sensitising allergens. It is clear that these allergens are also relevant in non‐Mediterranean populations and there needs to be more recognition of this. Conclusion Non‐specific LTP allergens, present in a wide variety of plant foods and pollens, are structurally robust and so may be present in both raw and cooked foods. More studies are needed to understand routes of sensitization and the world‐wide prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with sensitization to these complex allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J Skypala
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust Imperial College London UK
| | - Ricardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia Clinica San Carlo Milan Italy
| | - Domingo Barber
- IMMA School of Medicine Universidad San Pablo CEU CEU Universities Madrid Spain.,RETIC ARADYAL RD16/0006/0015 Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergy and Clinical Immunology USL Toscana Centro Prato Italy
| | - Arazeli Diaz Perales
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Elide A Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Biotechnology Section FH Campus Wien University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Joan Bartra
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona ARADyAL Barcelona Spain
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Margaretha A Faber
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and Infla-Med Centre of Excellence Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Rivas
- Department of Allergy Hospital Clínico San Carlos Universidad Complutense de Madrid IdISSC, ARADyAL Madrid Spain
| | - Francesca Gomez
- Allergy Unit IBIMA- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Malaga and Spanish Network for Allergy - RETICS de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Olga Luengo
- Allergy Unit, Internal Medicine Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ARADyAL Barcelona Spain
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IRCCS FLMM Rome Italy
| | - Stephen J Till
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology King's College London London UK.,Department of Allergy Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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Sánchez‐López J, Araujo G, Cardona V, García‐Moral A, Casas‐Saucedo R, Guilarte M, Torres MJ, Doña I, Picado C, Pascal M, Muñoz‐Cano R, Bartra J. Food-dependent NSAID-induced hypersensitivity (FDNIH) reactions: Unraveling the clinical features and risk factors. Allergy 2021; 76:1480-1492. [PMID: 33289951 DOI: 10.1111/all.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In up to 70%-80% of patients with a suspected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity (NSAIDH), challenge tests with the culprit drug yield negative results. On the other hand, there could be a NSAIDH overdiagnosis when anaphylaxis is the clinical manifestation. We hypothesize that some negative NSAID challenge tests and an overdiagnosis of NSAIDH occur in patients with food-dependent NSAID-induced hypersensitivity (FDNIH). METHODS We studied 328 patients with a suspected acute NSAIDH. FDNIH was diagnosed in patients meeting all the following: (1) tolerance to the food ingested more temporally closed before the reaction, later the episode, (2) respiratory or cutaneous symptoms or anaphylaxis related to NSAID, (3) positive skin prick test to foods and/or specific IgE to food allergens (Pru p 3, Tri a 19, Pen a 1) involved in the reaction, and (4) negative oral provocation test to the culprit NSAID. RESULTS 199 patients (60%) were diagnosed with NSAIDH and 52 (16%) with FDNIH. Pru p 3 was involved in 44 cases (84.6%) and Tri a 19 in 6 cases (11%). FDNIH subjects were younger (p < .001), with a higher prevalence of rhinitis (p < .001) and previous food allergy (p < .001), together with a higher proportion of subjects sensitized to pollens (p < .001) and foods (p < .001). Using just four variables (Pru p 3 sensitization, Tri a 19 sensitization, anaphylaxis, and any NSAID different from pyrazolones), 95.3% of cases were correctly classified, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 96%. CONCLUSION Evaluation of FDNIH should be included in the diagnostic workup of NSAIDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sánchez‐López
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Giovanna Araujo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Department of Internal medicine, Allergy Section Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Allergy Research Unit Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
| | - Alba García‐Moral
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rocío Casas‐Saucedo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
| | - Mar Guilarte
- Department of Internal medicine, Allergy Section Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Allergy Research Unit Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Malaga Spain
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA Malaga Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Malaga Spain
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA Malaga Spain
| | - Cesar Picado
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBERES CIBER of Respiratory Diseases Madrid Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
- Immunology Department Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB) Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Muñoz‐Cano
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
| | - Joan Bartra
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Allergy Section Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy—RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL) Madrid Spain
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7
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Kayode OS, Prado N, Thursfield DJ, Till SJ, Siew LQC. Lemon seed allergy: a case presentation. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:32. [PMID: 32377208 PMCID: PMC7191823 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report a case of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to lemon seed. We demonstrate for the first time a pattern of cross-sensitisation between seeds of citrus hybrid species from similar ancestral species origins. Case report Described is a case of a 26-year-old female with recurrent anaphylaxis on exposure to lemon seed with sensitisation shown on prick to prick testing. Prick to prick testing was also performed to a variety of citrus fruit seeds and edible foods from additional notable families of the Sapindale order. Conclusion In cases of unexplained or recurrent anaphylaxis in adult patients, citrus seed allergy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stephanie Kayode
- 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Nuevalynne Prado
- 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - David J Thursfield
- 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK.,2Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonard Q C Siew
- 1Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK.,2Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Rial MJ, Sastre J. Food Allergies Caused by Allergenic Lipid Transfer Proteins: What Is behind the Geographic Restriction? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 30206718 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically examine evidence suggesting that food allergy induced by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) follows a geographic pattern. RECENT FINDINGS LTP syndrome remains most common in the Mediterranean basin, with a clear gradient seen in prevalence of LTP sensitization between northern and southern Europe. We hypothesize that high levels of birch pollen seem to protect against LTP allergy, as these higher levels correlate with a lower prevalence of LTP hypersensitivity. Nevertheless, LTP food allergy cases still appear in areas having a high environmental level of birch pollen. Food allergy caused by LTP may be related to (1) primary sensitization to a food LTP allergen in the absence of pollinosis, (2) primary sensitization to LTP from a pollen source, and (3) co-sensitization to LTP from pollen and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rial
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERES, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Wu J, Deng W, Lin D, Deng X, Ma Z. Immunoblotting Quantification Approach for Identifying Potential Hypoallergenic Citrus Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1964-1973. [PMID: 29420890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inherent allergens of citrus fruits, such as Cit s 1, Cit s 2, Cit s 3 can cause allergic reactions. A better understanding of the genetic factors (cultivar to cultivar) affecting the allergenic potential of citrus fruits would be beneficial for further identification of hypoallergenic genotypes. In the present study, an immunoblotting quantification approach was adopted to assess the potential allergenicity of 21 citrus cultivars, including nine subgroups (tangerine, satsuma, orange, pummelo, grapefruit, lemon, kumquat, tangor, and tangelo). To prepare highly sensitive and specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies, antigenicity of purified rCit s 1.01, rCit s 2.01, and rCit s 3.01 peptides were enhanced with high epitope density in a single protein molecule. The data integration of three citrus allergen quantifications demonstrated that the four pummelo cultivars (Kao Phuang Pummelo, Wanbai Pummelo, Shatian Pummelo, and Guanxi Pummelo) were potential hypoallergenic, compared with other 8 subgroups. Moreover, the immunological analyses with sera of allergic subjects revealed that Shatian Pummelo and Guanxi Pummelo showed the lowest immunoreactivity in 8 representative citrus cultivars. These potential hypoallergenic genotypes are of great significance to not only allergic consumers but also citrus breeders in the genetic improvement of hypoallergenic citrus as breeding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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Adult-onset food allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:111-119. [PMID: 28801016 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Asero R, Piantanida M, Pinter E, Pravettoni V. The clinical relevance of lipid transfer protein. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 48:6-12. [PMID: 29105202 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a huge number of studies, many aspects of the lipid transfer protein (LTP) syndrome, the most frequent primary food allergy in Mediterranean countries, remain unclear. Its peculiar geographical distribution, along with the extreme variability of its clinical expression, makes this type of food allergy something unique in the panorama of IgE-mediated food-induced allergic reactions. This review article tried to summarize the current knowledge about the most important aspects of LTP sensitization and allergy, along with the importance of positive and negative co-factors in the clinical expression of the syndrome as well as the issues regarding the cross-reactivity between LTPs present in botanically related and unrelated foods. Further, the possible absence of the protein from some plant foods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - M Piantanida
- UOC Immunologia e Allergologia, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - E Pinter
- UOC Immunologia Clinica A, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - V Pravettoni
- UOC Immunologia e Allergologia, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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12
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Wu J, Chen L, Lin D, Ma Z, Deng X. Development and Application of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay as an Indicator of Potential Allergenicity in Citrus Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9089-9098. [PMID: 27794596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of tissue type, harvest maturity, and genetic factors on the expression of genes that related to citrus fruit allergies remain poorly understood. In the present study, a multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed to monitor the expression of citrus allergen genes individually with the advantages of much fewer sample requirements and simultaneously multiple target genes detection. Gene specific primer pairs and Taqman probes of three citrus allergen genes Cit s 1.01, Cit s 2.01, and Cit s 3.01 and the house-keeping gene β-actin were designed based on gene sequence differences. The PCR results showed that differential expression patterns were found during the ripening process. The expression levels of Cit s 3.01 were much higher than those of Cit s 1.01 and Cit s 2.01 in both peel and pulp tissues among 10 citrus cultivars. Data suggested that Kao Phuang Pummelo could be safely consumed with a potential low risk in allergenicity. Considering that assessing allergenicity is one of the tests in food safety, this assay might also facilitate the breeding and production of "allergy-friendly" citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Faber MA, Sabato V, Decuyper II, Van Gasse AL, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Basophil Activation Test in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: Should We Follow the Flow? CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-016-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Hu X, Yan H, Ma Z, Deng X. Pro-inflammatory effects of a litchi protein extract in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16017. [PMID: 27195125 PMCID: PMC4855250 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that the consumption of litchi often causes symptoms characterized by itching or sore throat, gum swelling, oral cavity ulcers and even fever and inflammation, which significantly impair the quality of life of a large population. Using the RAW264.7 cell line, a step-by-step strategy was used to screen for the components in litchi fruits that elicited adverse reactions. The adverse reaction fractions were identified by mass spectrometry and analyzed using the SMART program, and a sequence alignment of the homologous proteins was performed. MTT tests were used to determine the cytotoxicity of a litchi protein extract in RAW264.7 macrophages, and real-time PCR was applied to analyze the expression of inflammatory genes in the RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide or the litchi protein extract. The results showed that the litchi water-soluble protein extract could increase the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2, and the anti-inflammatory mediator HO-1 in the RAW264.7 cell line. The 14-3-3-like proteins GF14 lambda, GF14 omega and GF14 upsilon were likely the candidate proteins that caused the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang TT, Lu CL, Jiang JG, Wang M, Wang DM, Zhu W. Bioactivities and extraction optimization of crude polysaccharides from the fruits and leaves of Rubus chingii Hu. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Van Winkle RC, Chang C. The biochemical basis and clinical evidence of food allergy due to lipid transfer proteins: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014. [PMID: 23179517 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are ubiquitous proteins that are found in divergent plant species. Although the exact function of LTPs is not fully understood, LTPs are conserved across a broad range of plant species. Because LTPs share structural features, there is an increased probability for significant allergic cross-reactivity. The molecular features of LTPs also decrease the probability of degradation due to cooking or digestion, thereby increasing the probability of systemic absorption and severe allergic reactions. LTP allergy, unlike other forms of anaphylaxis, tends to occur more frequently in areas of lower latitude. The geographic distribution of LTP allergy, along with evidence of increased sensitization after respiratory exposure, has led to the hypothesis that LTP-related food allergy may be secondary to sensitization via the respiratory route. Clinical reactions associated with LTPs have broad clinical phenotypes and can be severe in nature. Life-threatening clinical reactions have been associated with ingestion of a multitude of plant products. Component-resolved diagnosis has played a significant role in research applications for LTP allergy. In the future, component-resolved diagnosis may play a significant role in day-to-day clinical care. Also, quantitative analysis of LTPs in foodstuffs may allow for the identification and/or production of low-LTP foods, thereby decreasing the risk to patients with LTP allergy. Furthermore, sublingual immunotherapy may provide a therapeutic option for patients with LTP allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Christopher Van Winkle
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Food allergy (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) is a common clinical problem affecting approximately 15% of children in the Western world. These hypersensitivity reactions tend to be "immediate" (typically within minutes of food exposure), and clinical features may range from mild to life threatening (anaphylaxis). Detailed clinical history is critical to correct diagnosis. Available laboratory tests have limitations not least poor positive predictive value and limited repertoire. Laboratory tests should support clinical diagno sis not vice versa.
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Yan H, Ji Q, Chen D, Wu J, Peng S, Ma Z, Deng X. A novel macromolecular extract screened from satsuma with pro-inflammatory effect. Food Funct 2014; 5:295-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60411j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Serra IA, Bernardo L, Spadafora A, Faccioli P, Canton C, Mazzuca S. The Citrus clementina putative allergens: from proteomic analysis to structural features. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8949-8958. [PMID: 23927767 DOI: 10.1021/jf4023367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several allergens have been identified and characterized in the genus Citrus, which belongs to the germin-like proteins (GPLs), profilins, and non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). In this work, in silico sequence analysis, protein purification, mass spectrometry identification, and the spectral counting method were integrated to identify new putative allergens of Citrus clementina and their expression level in the fruit peel. The in silico analysis revealed fifteen new sequences belonging to GLPs (Cit cl 1), and two more belonging to nsLTPs (Cit cl 3). No other new sequences were found as regards profilins (Cit cl 2). Each putative allergen from fruit peel was obtained using different protein extraction methods, and the protein sequences of the putative allergens were identified by means of LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer. The spectral counting strategy revealed that Cit cl 1 had a higher expression level than Cit cl 2 and Cit cl 3. To predict the quaternary structure and deduced function of Cit cl 1, its primary sequence was used as a template to search a homologous protein structure in the RCSB PDB Database, getting high correspondence with the oxalate oxidase protein in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Anna Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Auraptene Extracted from Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus Trifoliate) on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2013; 36:1525-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Iorio RA, Del Duca S, Calamelli E, Pula C, Lodolini M, Scamardella F, Pession A, Ricci G. Citrus allergy from pollen to clinical symptoms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53680. [PMID: 23308273 PMCID: PMC3537725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to citrus fruits is often associated with pollinosis and sensitization to other plants due to a phenomenon of cross-reactivity. The aims of the present study were to highlight the cross-reactivity among citrus and the major allergenic pollens/fruits, throughout clinical and molecular investigations, and to evaluate the sensitization frequency to citrus fruits in a population of children and adults with pollinosis. We found a relevant percentage of sensitisation (39%) to citrus fruits in the patients recruited and in all of them the IgE-mediated mechanism has been confirmed by the positive response to the prick-to-prick test. RT-PCR experiments showed the expression of Cit s 1, Cit s 3 and a profilin isoform, already described in apple, also in Citrus clementine pollen. Data of multiple sequence alignments demonstrated that Citrus allergens shared high percentage identity values with other clinically relevant species (i.e. Triticum aestivum, Malus domestica), confirming the possible cross-allergenicity citrus/grasses and citrus/apple. Finally, a novelty of the present work has been the expression of two phospholipaseA2 isoforms (PLA2 α and β) in Citrus as well as in Triticum pollens; being PLA2 able to generate pro-inflammatory factors, this enzyme could participate in the activation of the allergenic inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Iorio
- Department of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Calamelli
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pula
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Lodolini
- Laboratory Analysis Unit. Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Pediatric Allergology of the Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health Gozzadini Children's Hospital Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils - Part II of III. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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23
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Stanislava G. Barley Grain Non-specific Lipid-Transfer Proteins (ns-LTPs) in Beer Production and Quality. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Manifestations cliniques de l’allergie aux protéines de transfert lipidique. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Model systems. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8:276-85. [PMID: 18560306 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328303e104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ebo DG, Bridts CH, Hagendorens MM, Aerts NE, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Basophil activation test by flow cytometry: Present and future applications in allergology. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2008; 74:201-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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de Weck A, Sanz M, Gamboa P, Aberer W, Bienvenu J, Blanca M, Demoly P, Ebo D, Mayorga L, Monneret G, Sainte-Laudy J. Diagnostic Tests Based on Human Basophils: More Potentials and Perspectives than Pitfalls. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 146:177-89. [DOI: 10.1159/000115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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