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Mandasari P, Hollmann C, Zaidi RH, Löw S, Schrama J, Wigger D, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Beyersdorf N. Acid ceramidase expression reduces IFNγ secretion by mouse CD4 + T cells and is crucial for maintaining B-cell numbers in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1309846. [PMID: 38919612 PMCID: PMC11196608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1309846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (Ac) is a lysosomal enzyme catalyzing the generation of sphingosine from ceramide, and Ac inhibitors are currently being investigated as potential cancer therapeutics. Yet, the role of the Ac in immune responses, particularly anti-viral immunity, is not fully understood. To investigate the impact of Ac expression on various leukocyte populations, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible global knockout mouse model for the Ac (iAc-KO). Following tamoxifen administration to healthy mice, we extracted primary and secondary lymphoid organs from iAc-KO and wild-type (wt) littermates and subsequently performed extensive flow cytometric marker analysis. In addition, we isolated CD4+ T cells from the spleen and lymph nodes for sphingolipid profiling and restimulated them in vitro with Dynabeads™ Mouse T-activator CD3/CD28. Intracellular cytokine expression (FACS staining) was analyzed and secreted cytokines detected in supernatants. To study cell-intrinsic effects, we established an in vitro model for iAc-KO in isolated CD4+ T and B cells. For CD4+ T cells of iAc-KO versus wt mice, we observed reduced Ac activity, an increased ceramide level, and enhanced secretion of IFNγ upon CD3/CD28 costimulation. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in B cell and plasma cell and blast numbers in iAc-KO compared to wt mice. To study cell-intrinsic effects and in line with the 3R principles, we established in vitro cell culture systems for iAc-KO in isolated B and CD4+ T cells. Our findings pinpoint to a key role of the Ac in mature B and antibody-secreting cells and in IFNγ secretion by CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Mandasari
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rehan-Haider Zaidi
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samira Löw
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jann Schrama
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Wigger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Katz MG, Hadas Y, Vincek A, Freage-Kahn L, Shtraizent N, Madjarov JM, Pastuszko P, Eliyahu E. Acid ceramidase gene therapy ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension with right heart dysfunction. Respir Res 2023; 24:197. [PMID: 37568148 PMCID: PMC10416391 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of ceramides in pulmonary hypertension (PH), contributing to perturbations in sphingolipid homeostasis and the transition of cells to a senescence state. We assessed the safety, feasibility, and efficiency of acid ceramidase gene transfer in a rodent PH model. METHODS A model of PH was established by the combination of left pneumonectomy and injection of Sugen toxin. Magnetic resonance imaging and right heart catheterization confirmed development of PH. Animals were subjected to intratracheal administration of synthetic adeno-associated viral vector (Anc80L65) carrying the acid ceramidase (Anc80L65.AC), an empty capsid vector, or saline. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 8 weeks after gene delivery. RESULTS Hemodynamic assessment 4 weeks after PH model the development demonstrated an increase in the mean pulmonary artery pressure to 30.4 ± 2.13 mmHg versus 10.4 ± 1.65 mmHg in sham (p < 0.001), which was consistent with the definition of PH. We documented a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in the saline-treated (6.79 ± 0.85 mm Hg) and empty capsid (6.94 ± 0.47 mm Hg) groups, but not in animals receiving Anc80L65.AC (4.44 ± 0.71 mm Hg, p < 0.001). Morphometric analysis demonstrated an increase in medial wall thickness in control groups in comparison to those treated with acid ceramidase. After acid ceramidase gene delivery, a significant decrease of pro-inflammatory factors, interleukins, and senescence markers was observed. CONCLUSION Gene delivery of acid ceramidase provided tropism to pulmonary tissue and ameliorated vascular remodeling with right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Vincek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | | | | | - Jeko M Madjarov
- Atrium Health Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Peter Pastuszko
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Efrat Eliyahu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, P.O. Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Kleynerman A, Rybova J, Faber ML, McKillop WM, Levade T, Medin JA. Acid Ceramidase Deficiency: Bridging Gaps between Clinical Presentation, Mouse Models, and Future Therapeutic Interventions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020274. [PMID: 36830643 PMCID: PMC9953133 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farber disease (FD) and spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME) are ultra-rare, autosomal-recessive, acid ceramidase (ACDase) deficiency disorders caused by ASAH1 gene mutations. Currently, 73 different mutations in the ASAH1 gene have been described in humans. These mutations lead to reduced ACDase activity and ceramide (Cer) accumulation in many tissues. Presenting as divergent clinical phenotypes, the symptoms of FD vary depending on central nervous system (CNS) involvement and severity. Classic signs of FD include, but are not limited to, a hoarse voice, distended joints, and lipogranulomas found subcutaneously and in other tissues. Patients with SMA-PME lack the most prominent clinical signs seen in FD. Instead, they demonstrate muscle weakness, tremors, and myoclonic epilepsy. Several ACDase-deficient mouse models have been developed to help elucidate the complex consequences of Cer accumulation. In this review, we compare clinical reports on FD patients and experimental descriptions of ACDase-deficient mouse models. We also discuss clinical presentations, potential therapeutic strategies, and future directions for the study of FD and SMA-PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kleynerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jitka Rybova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mary L. Faber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - William M. McKillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thierry Levade
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Toulouse, and INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeffrey A. Medin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-414-955-4118
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4
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Yu A, Cable C, Sharma S, Shihan MH, Mattis AN, Mileva I, Hannun YA, Duwaerts CC, Chen JY. Targeting acid ceramidase ameliorates fibrosis in mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881848. [PMID: 36275798 PMCID: PMC9582277 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of liver disease worldwide, and is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, is a leading cause of liver transplantation. Fibrosis is the histologic feature most associated with liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with NASH, and treatment options remain limited. In previous studies, we discovered that acid ceramidase (aCDase) is a potent antifibrotic target using human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and models of hepatic fibrogenesis. Using two dietary mouse models, we demonstrate that depletion of aCDase in HSC reduces fibrosis without worsening metabolic features of NASH, including steatosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Consistently, pharmacologic inhibition of aCDase ameliorates fibrosis but does not alter metabolic parameters. The findings suggest that targeting aCDase is a viable therapeutic option to reduce fibrosis in patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carson Cable
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mahbubul H. Shihan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aras N. Mattis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Ding Y, Jiang Y, Zhu M, Zhu Q, He Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Qi J, Feng Y, Huang R, Yin H, Li S, Sun Y. Follicular fluid lipidomic profiling reveals potential biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:960274. [PMID: 36176459 PMCID: PMC9513192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder associated with multiple metabolic conditions including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. PCOS is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility; however, the molecular diversity of the ovarian follicle microenvironment is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the follicular fluid (FF) lipidomic profiles in different phenotypes of PCOS and to explore novel lipid biomarkers. METHODS A total of 25 women with PCOS and 12 women without PCOS who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were recruited, and their FF samples were collected for the lipidomic study. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to compare the differential abundance of FF lipids between patients with different PCOS phenotypes and controls. Subsequently, correlations between specific lipid concentrations in FF and high-quality embryo rate (HQER) were analyzed to further evaluate the potential interferences of lipid levels with oocyte quality in PCOS. Candidate biomarkers were then compared via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS In total, 19 lipids were identified in ovarian FF. Of these, the concentrations of ceramide (Cer) and free fatty acids (FFA) in FF were significantly increased, whereas those of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) were reduced in women with PCOS compared to controls, especially in obese and insulin-resistant groups. In addition, six subclasses of ceramide, FFA, and LPG were correlated with oocyte quality. Twenty-three lipid subclasses were identified as potential biomarkers of PCOS, and ROC analysis indicated the prognostic value of Cer,36:1;2, FFA C14:1, and LPG,18:0 on HQER in patients with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the unique lipidomic profiles in FF from women with PCOS. Moreover, it provided metabolic signatures as well as candidate biomarkers that help to better understand the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxian Li, ; Yun Sun,
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxian Li, ; Yun Sun,
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7
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Alsamman S, Christenson SA, Yu A, Ayad NME, Mooring MS, Segal JM, Hu JKH, Schaub JR, Ho SS, Rao V, Marlow MM, Turner SM, Sedki M, Pantano L, Ghoshal S, Ferreira DDS, Ma HY, Duwaerts CC, Espanol-Suner R, Wei L, Newcomb B, Mileva I, Canals D, Hannun YA, Chung RT, Mattis AN, Fuchs BC, Tager AM, Yimlamai D, Weaver VM, Mullen AC, Sheppard D, Chen JY. Targeting acid ceramidase inhibits YAP/TAZ signaling to reduce fibrosis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/557/eaay8798. [PMID: 32817366 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) drive hepatic fibrosis. Therapies that inactivate HSCs have clinical potential as antifibrotic agents. We previously identified acid ceramidase (aCDase) as an antifibrotic target. We showed that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) reduce hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting aCDase and increasing the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide. We now demonstrate that targeting aCDase inhibits YAP/TAZ activity by potentiating its phosphorylation-mediated proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein β-TrCP. In mouse models of fibrosis, pharmacologic inhibition of aCDase or genetic knockout of aCDase in HSCs reduces fibrosis, stromal stiffness, and YAP/TAZ activity. In patients with advanced fibrosis, aCDase expression in HSCs is increased. Consistently, a signature of the genes most down-regulated by ceramide identifies patients with advanced fibrosis who could benefit from aCDase targeting. The findings implicate ceramide as a critical regulator of YAP/TAZ signaling and HSC activation and highlight aCDase as a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsamman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amy Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nadia M E Ayad
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Meghan S Mooring
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joe M Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jimmy Kuang-Hsien Hu
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Steve S Ho
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- Pliant Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Mai Sedki
- Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Diego Dos Santos Ferreira
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Caroline C Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Regina Espanol-Suner
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Newcomb
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel Canals
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aras N Mattis
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alan C Mullen
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. .,Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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8
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Voelkel-Johnson C. Sphingolipids in embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stemness - Implications for polyploidy in tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:206-219. [PMID: 33429049 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant biology of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) includes dysregulation of the cell cycle, induction of stress responses, and dedifferentiation, all of which are likely accompanied by adaptations in biophysical properties and metabolic activity. Sphingolipids are the second largest class of membrane lipids and play important roles in many aspects of cell biology that are potentially relevant to polyploidy. We have recently shown that the function of the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is critical for the ability of PGCC to generate progeny by depolyploidization but mechanisms by which sphingolipids contribute to polyploidy and generation of offspring with stem-like properties remain elusive. This review discusses the role of sphingolipids during embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, and stem cells in an effort to highlight parallels to polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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9
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Vethakanraj HS, Chandrasekaran N, Sekar AK. Acid ceramidase, a double-edged sword in cancer aggression: A minireview. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-112652. [PMID: 33357194 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201223154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (AC), the key enzyme of the ceramide metabolic pathway hydrolyzes pro-apoptotic ceramide to sphingosine, which by the action of sphingosine-1-kinase is metabolized to mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate. The intracellular level of AC determines ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat which in turn decides the cell fate. The upregulated AC expression during cancerous condition acts as a "double-edged sword" by converting pro-apoptotic ceramide to anti-apoptotic sphingosine-1-phosphate, wherein on one end, the level of ceramide is decreased and on the other end, the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate is increased, thus altogether aggravating the cancer progression. In addition, cancer cells with upregulated AC expression exhibited increased cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, radioresistance and numerous strategies were developed in the past to effectively target the enzyme. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of AC sensitized the resistant cells to chemo/radiotherapy thereby promoting cell death. The core objective of this review is to explore AC mediated tumour progression and the potential role of AC inhibitors in various cancer cell lines/models.
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10
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Chaurasia B, Ying L, Talbot CL, Maschek JA, Cox J, Schuchman EH, Hirabayashi Y, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are necessary and sufficient for diet-induced impairment of thermogenic adipocytes. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101145. [PMID: 33352310 PMCID: PMC7807150 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aging and weight gain lead to a decline in brown and beige adipocyte functionality that exacerbates obesity and insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether sphingolipids, such as ceramides, a class of lipid metabolites that accumulate in aging and overnutrition, are sufficient or necessary for the metabolic impairment of these thermogenic adipocytes. Methods We generated new mouse models allowing for the conditional ablation of genes required for ceramide synthesis (i.e., serine palmitoyltransferase subunit 2, Sptlc2) or degradation (i.e., acid ceramidase 1, Asah1) from mature, thermogenic adipocytes (i.e., from cells expressing uncoupling protein-1). Mice underwent a comprehensive suite of phenotyping protocols to assess energy expenditure and glucose and lipid homeostasis. Complementary studies were conducted in primary brown adipocytes to dissect the mechanisms controlling ceramide synthesis or action. Results Depletion of Sptlc2 increased energy expenditure, improved glucose homeostasis, and prevented diet-induced obesity. Conversely, depletion of Asah1 led to ceramide accumulation, diminution of energy expenditure, and exacerbation of insulin resistance and obesity. Mechanistically, ceramides slowed lipolysis, inhibited glucose uptake, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, β-adrenergic receptor agonists, which activate thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, decreased transcription of enzymes required for ceramide synthesis. Conclusions These studies support our hypothesis that ceramides are necessary and sufficient for the impairment in thermogenic adipocyte function that accompanies obesity. Moreover, they suggest that implementation of therapeutic strategies to block ceramide synthesis in thermogenic adipocytes may serve as a means of improving adipose health and combating obesity and cardiometabolic disease. β-Adrenergic agonists lower ceramide levels in brown adipocytes by decreasing expression of Sptlc2 and CerS6. Selective inhibition of ceramide synthesis in UCP1+ cells confers resistance to obesity and increases energy expenditure. Selectively inducing ceramide accumulation in UCP1+ cells impairs thermogenesis to exacerbate obesity and insulin resistance. Brown adipocyte ceramides alter mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity and influences rates of fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad Lamar Talbot
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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11
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White-Gilbertson S, Voelkel-Johnson C. Giants and monsters: Unexpected characters in the story of cancer recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 148:201-232. [PMID: 32723564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) constitute a dangerous subpopulation of cancer cells and are a driving force in cancer recurrence. These unique cells arise from diploid tumor cells in response to stress encountered in the tumor microenvironment or during cancer therapy. PGCC are greatly dedifferentiated, acquire pluripotency, and are able to replicate through a form of asymmetric division called neosis, which results in new populations that are themselves able to differentiate into new cell types or to re-establish tumors. Progeny tend to be more genetically unstable than the founding population due to the dysregulation required to transition through a PGCC state. Therefore, cancers that escape stressors through this mechanism tend to re-emerge with a more aggressive phenotype that is therapy resistant. This review focuses on the clinical significance of PGCC, the need for standardized nomenclature and molecular markers, as well as possible avenues to develop therapies aimed at PGCC and the process of neosis. The biology underlying the development of PGCC including cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation, stress responses, dedifferentiation, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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12
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White‐Gilbertson S, Lu P, Jones CM, Chiodini S, Hurley D, Das A, Delaney JR, Norris JS, Voelkel‐Johnson C. Tamoxifen is a candidate first-in-class inhibitor of acid ceramidase that reduces amitotic division in polyploid giant cancer cells-Unrecognized players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3142-3152. [PMID: 32135040 PMCID: PMC7196070 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) represent a poorly understood, small subpopulation of tumor cells that are increasingly being recognized for their critical role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. PGCC have the potential to generate progeny through primitive or cleavage-like division, which allows them to evade antimitotic insults. We recently demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is required for this process. Since specific ASAH1 inhibitors are not clinically available, we investigated whether tamoxifen, which interferes with ASAH1 function via off-target effects, has a potential clinical benefit independent of estrogen signaling. Our results show that tamoxifen inhibits generation of PGCC offspring in prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma cells. Analysis of two state-level cancer registries revealed that tamoxifen improves survival outcomes for second, nonbreast cancers that develop in women with early stage breast cancer. Our results suggest that tamoxifen may have a clinical benefit in a variety of cancers that is independent of estrogen signaling and could be due to its inhibition of acid ceramidase. Thus the distinct application of tamoxifen as potentially a first-in-class therapeutic that inhibits the generation of PGCC offspring should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White‐Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christian M. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - Deborah Hurley
- South Carolina Central Cancer RegistrySCDHECColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - James S. Norris
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Christina Voelkel‐Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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13
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Favret JM, Weinstock NI, Feltri ML, Shin D. Pre-clinical Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:57. [PMID: 32351971 PMCID: PMC7174556 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 50 lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies, many of which cause neurodegeneration, cognitive decline and death. In recent years, a number of broad innovative therapies have been proposed and investigated for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), such as enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, pharmacologic chaperones, stem cell transplantation, and various forms of gene therapy. Murine models that accurately reflect the phenotypes observed in human LSDs are critical for the development, assessment and implementation of novel translational therapies. The goal of this review is to summarize the neurodegenerative murine LSD models available that recapitulate human disease, and the pre-clinical studies previously conducted. We also describe some limitations and difficulties in working with mouse models of neurodegenerative LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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14
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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15
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White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Norris JS, Voelkel-Johnson C. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase prevents asymmetric cell division by neosis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1225-1235. [PMID: 30988134 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment failure or relapse after initial response to chemotherapy presents significant clinical challenges in cancer patients. Escape from initial courses of treatment can involve reactivation of embryonic developmental stages, with the formation of polynuclear giant cancer cells (PGCCs). This strategy of dedifferentiation can insulate cancer cells from a variety of treatments and allows a residual subpopulation to reestablish tumors after treatment. Using radiation or docetaxel chemotherapy, we generated PGCCs from prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that expression of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), an enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway linked to therapy resistance and poor outcomes, is elevated in PGCCs. Targeting ASAH1 with shRNA or treatment with the ASAH1 inhibitor, LCL-521, did not impair the formation of PGCCs, but prevented the formation of PGCC progeny that arise through an asymmetric cell division called neosis. Similar results were obtained in lung cancer cells that had been exposed to radiation or cisplatin chemotherapy as stressors. In summary, our data suggest that endoreplication occurs independent of ASAH1 while neosis is ASAH1-dependent in both prostate and lung cancer cells. Because ASAH1 knockout is embryonic lethal but not deleterious to adult animals, targeting this enzyme has the potential to be highly specific to cells undergoing the dedifferentiation process to escape cancer treatments. Pharmacological inhibition of ASAH1 is a potentially powerful strategy to eliminate cells that could otherwise serve as seed populations for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - James S Norris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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16
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Elevated peritoneal fluid ceramides in human endometriosis-associated infertility and their effects on mouse oocyte maturation. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:767-777.e5. [PMID: 30196975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the peritoneal fluid (PF) sphingolipid profile in endometriosis-associated infertility (EAI), and to assess the plausible functional role(s) of ceramides in oocyte maturation potential. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study and in vitro mouse oocyte study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital and university laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven infertile patients diagnosed with endometriosis and 20 infertile patients who did not have endometriosis; BALB/c female mice. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PF sphingolipid concentrations. Number of metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes. RESULT(S) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 11 significantly elevated PF sphingolipids in infertile women with severe endometriosis compared with infertile women without endometriosis (change >50%, false discovery rate ≤10%). Logistic regression analysis identified three very-long-chain ceramides potentially associated with EAI. Functional studies revealed that very-long-chain ceramides may compromise or induce murine MII oocyte maturation. The oocyte maturation effects induced by the very long-chain ceramides were triggered by alterations in mitochondrial superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide reversed the maturation effects of C24:0 ceramide. CONCLUSION(S) EAI is associated with accumulation of PF very-long-chain ceramides. Mouse studies demonstrated how ceramides affect MII oocyte maturation, mediating through mitochondrial superoxide. These results provide an opportunity for direct functional readout of pathophysiology in EAI, and future therapies targeted at this sphingolipid metabolism may be harnessed for improved oocyte maturation.
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17
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Yu FPS, Amintas S, Levade T, Medin JA. Acid ceramidase deficiency: Farber disease and SMA-PME. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:121. [PMID: 30029679 PMCID: PMC6053731 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (ACDase) deficiency is a spectrum of disorders that includes a rare lysosomal storage disorder called Farber disease (FD) and a rare epileptic disorder called spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Both disorders are caused by mutations in the ASAH1 gene that encodes the lysosomal hydrolase that breaks down the bioactive lipid ceramide. To date, there have been fewer than 200 reported cases of FD and SMA-PME in the literature. Typical textbook manifestations of classical FD include the formation of subcutaneous nodules, accumulation of joint contractures, and development of a hoarse voice. In reality, however, the clinical presentation is much broader. Patients may develop severe pathologies leading to death in infancy or may develop attenuated forms of the disorder wherein they are often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed until adulthood. A clinical variability also exists for SMA-PME, in which patients develop progressive muscle weakness and seizures. Currently, there is no known cure for FD or for SMA-PME. The main treatment is symptom management. In rare cases, treatment may include surgery or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Research using disease models has provided insights into the pathology as well as the role of ACDase in the development of these conditions. Recent studies have highlighted possible biomarkers for an effective diagnosis of ACDase deficiency. Ongoing work is being conducted to evaluate the use of recombinant human ACDase (rhACDase) for the treatment of FD. Finally, gene therapy strategies for the treatment of ACDase deficiency are actively being pursued. This review highlights the broad clinical definition and outlines key studies that have improved our understanding of inherited ACDase deficiency-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P. S. Yu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Samuel Amintas
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR1037 CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeffrey A. Medin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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18
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Espaillat MP, Snider AJ, Qiu Z, Channer B, Coant N, Schuchman EH, Kew RR, Sheridan BS, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Loss of acid ceramidase in myeloid cells suppresses intestinal neutrophil recruitment. FASEB J 2017; 32:2339-2353. [PMID: 29259036 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700585r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids are modulators of immune processes and their metabolism is often dysregulated in ulcerative colitis, a major category of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While multiple axes of sphingolipid metabolism have been investigated to delineate mechanisms regulating ulcerative colitis, the role of acid ceramidase (AC) in intestinal inflammation is yet to be characterized. Here we demonstrate that AC expression is elevated selectively in the inflammatory infiltrate in human and murine colitis. To probe for mechanistic insight into how AC up-regulation can impact intestinal inflammation, we investigated the selective loss of AC expression in the myeloid population. Using a model of intestinal epithelial injury, we demonstrate that myeloid AC conditional knockout mice exhibit impairment of neutrophil recruitment to the colon mucosa as a result of defective cytokine and chemokine production. Furthermore, the loss of myeloid AC protects from tumor incidence in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and inhibits the expansion of neutrophils and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our results demonstrate a tissue-specific role for AC in regulating neutrophilic inflammation and cytokine production. We demonstrate novel mechanisms of how granulocytes are recruited to the colon that may have therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammation, IBD, and CAC.-Espaillat, M. P., Snider, A. J., Qiu, Z., Channer, B., Coant, N., Schuchman, E. H., Kew, R. R., Sheridan, B. S., Hannun, Y. A., Obeid, L. M. Loss of acid ceramidase in myeloid cells suppresses intestinal neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Pilar Espaillat
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Breana Channer
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Plexcera Therapeutics, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard R Kew
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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20
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Schuchman EH, Mitchell J, Solyom A. Morbidity and mortality associated with Farber disease and prospects for therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1359086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Schuchman
- Genetic Disease Foundation-Francis Crick Professor, Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Mitchell
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Solyom
- Clinical Research & Patient Affairs, Enzyvant, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Tan SF, Pearson JM, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. The emergence of acid ceramidase as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:583-590. [PMID: 28434262 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1322065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia. Only a fraction of AML patients will survive with existing chemotherapy regimens. Hence, there is an urgent and unmet need to identify novel targets and develop better therapeutics in AML. In the past decade, the field of sphingolipid metabolism has emerged into the forefront of cancer biology due to its importance in cancer cell proliferation and survival. In particular, acid ceramidase (AC) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its role in neutralizing the pro-death effects of ceramide. Areas covered: This review highlights key information about AML biology as well as current knowledge on dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism in cancer and AML. We describe AC function and dysregulation in cancer, followed by a review of studies that report elevated AC in AML and compounds known to inhibit the enzyme. Expert opinion: AML has a great need for new drug targets and better therapeutic agents. The finding of elevated AC in AML supports the concept that this enzyme represents a novel and realistic therapeutic target for this common leukemia. More effort is needed towards developing better AC inhibitors for clinical use and combination treatment with existing AML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fern Tan
- a Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- a Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - David J Feith
- a Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA.,b University of Virginia Cancer Center , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- a Department of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA.,b University of Virginia Cancer Center , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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22
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Sieber MH, Spradling AC. The role of metabolic states in development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:58-68. [PMID: 28347941 PMCID: PMC6894399 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During development, cells adopt distinct metabolic strategies to support growth, produce energy, and meet the demands of a mature tissue. Some of these metabolic states maintain a constrained program of nutrient utilization, while others providing metabolic flexibility as a means to couple developmental progression with nutrient availability. Here we discuss our understanding of metabolic programs, and how they support specific aspects of animal development. During phases of rapid proliferation a subset of metabolic programs provide the building blocks to support growth. During differentiation, metabolic programs shift to support the unique demands of each tissue. Finally, we discuss how a model system, such as Drosophila egg development, can provide a versatile platform to discover novel mechanisms controlling programmed shift in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Sieber
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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23
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He X, Dworski S, Zhu C, DeAngelis V, Solyom A, Medin JA, Simonaro CM, Schuchman EH. Enzyme replacement therapy for Farber disease: Proof-of-concept studies in cells and mice. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:85-96. [PMID: 28275553 PMCID: PMC5338723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of studies were carried out in Farber disease (OMIM #228000) cells and mice to evaluate the feasibility of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for this disorder. Media from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells overexpressing human recombinant acid ceramidase (rhAC) was used to treat fibroblasts from a Farber disease patient, leading to significantly reduced ceramide. We also found that chondrocytes from Farber disease mice had a markedly abnormal chondrogenic phenotype, and this was corrected by rhAC as well. Acute dosing of rhAC in Farber mice confirmed the enzyme's bioactivity in vivo, and showed that it could be safely administered at doses up to 50 mg/kg. These studies also revealed little or no re-accumulation of ceramide in tissues for at least 7 days after enzyme administration. Once weekly administration of rhAC moderately improved survival of the mice, which could be enhanced by starting enzyme administration at an earlier age (3 days vs. 3 weeks). Repeat administration of the enzyme also led to normalization of spleen size, significantly reduced plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), reduced infiltration of macrophages into liver and spleen, and significantly reduced ceramide and sphingosine in tissues. Overall, we conclude that ERT should be further developed for this debilitating and life-threatening disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxuan He
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Shaalee Dworski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Changzhi Zhu
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Victor DeAngelis
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Calogera M Simonaro
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Absalan F, Saremy S, Mansori E, Taheri Moghadam M, Eftekhari Moghadam AR, Ghanavati R. Effects of Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Administrations on Oocyte Meiotic Maturation, Apoptosis and Gene Quantification in Mouse Model. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:503-513. [PMID: 28042535 PMCID: PMC5086329 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective Phthalates, which are commonly used to render plastics into soft and flexible
materials, have also been determined as developmental and reproductive toxicants in
human and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mono-(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) oral administrations
on maturation of mouse oocytes, apoptosis and gene transcription levels.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, immature oocytes recovered from
Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mouse strain (6-8 weeks), were divided into
seven different experimental and control groups. Control group oocytes were retrieved
from mice that received only normal saline. The experimental groups I, II or III oocytes
were retrieved from mice treated with 50, 100 or 200 µl DEHP (2.56 µM) solution, respectively.
The experimental groups IV, V or VI oocytes were retrieved from mouse exposed to
50, 100 or 200 µl MEHP (2.56 µM) solution, respectively. Fertilization and embryonic development
were carried out in OMM and T6 medium. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin
V-FITC/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit, with PI staining. In addition, the mRNA levels of Pou5f1,
Ccna1 and Asah1 were examined in oocytes. Finally, mouse embryo at early blastocyst
stage was stained with acridine-orange (AO) and ethidium-bromide (EB), in order to access their viability.
Results The proportion of oocytes that progressed up to metaphase II (MII) and 2-cells
embryo formation stage was significantly decreased by exposure to MEHP or DEHP, in a
dose-dependent manner. Annexin V and PI positive oocytes showed greater quantity in
the treated mice than control. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that expression levels of Pou5f1, Asah1 and Ccna1 were significantly
lower in the treated mouse oocytes than control. The total cell count for blastocyst
developed from the treated mouse oocytes was lower than the controls.
Conclusion These results indicate that oral administration of MEHP and DEHP could
negatively affect mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and development in vivo, suggesting
that phthalates could be risk factors for mammalians’ reproductive health. Additionally,
phthalate-induced changes in Pou5f1, Asah1 and Ccna1 transcription level could explain
in part, the reduced developmental ability of mouse-treated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Absalan
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Saremy
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansori
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Taheri Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razie Ghanavati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Schuchman EH. Acid ceramidase and the treatment of ceramide diseases: The expanding role of enzyme replacement therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1459-71. [PMID: 27155573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are a diverse group of sphingolipids that play important roles in many biological processes. Acid ceramidase (AC) is one key enzyme that regulates ceramide metabolism. Early research on AC focused on the fact that it is the enzyme deficient in the rare genetic disorder, Farber Lipogranulomatosis. Recent research has revealed that deficiency of the same enzyme is responsible for a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy associated with myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Due to their diverse role in biology, accumulation of ceramides also has been implicated in the pathobiology of many other common diseases, including infectious lung diseases, diabetes, cancers and others. This has revealed the potential of AC as a therapy for many of these diseases. This review will focus on the biology of AC and the potential role of this enzyme in the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Frohbergh ME, Guevara JM, Grelsamer RP, Barbe MF, He X, Simonaro CM, Schuchman EH. Acid ceramidase treatment enhances the outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation in a rat osteochondral defect model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:752-62. [PMID: 26524412 PMCID: PMC4799741 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this study was to evaluate how supplementation of chondrocyte media with recombinant acid ceramidase (rhAC) influenced cartilage repair in a rat osteochondral defect model. METHODS Primary chondrocytes were grown as monolayers in polystyrene culture dishes with and without rhAC (added once at the time of cell plating) for 7 days, and then seeded onto Bio-Gide® collagen scaffolds and grown for an additional 3 days. The scaffolds were then introduced into osteochondral defects created in Sprague-Dawley rat trochlea by a microdrilling procedure. Analysis was performed 6 weeks post-surgery macroscopically, by micro-CT, histologically, and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with rhAC led to increased cell numbers and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production (∼2 and 3-fold, respectively) following 7 days of expansion in vitro. Gene expression of collagen 2, aggrecan and Sox-9 also was significantly elevated. After seeding onto Bio-Gide®, more rhAC treated cells were evident within 4 h. At 6 weeks post-surgery, defects containing rhAC-treated cells exhibited more soft tissue formation at the articular surface, as evidenced by microCT, as well as histological evidence of enhanced cartilage repair. Notably, collagen 2 immunostaining revealed greater surface expression in animals receiving rhAC treated cells as well. Collagen 10 staining was not enhanced. CONCLUSION The results further demonstrate the positive effects of rhAC treatment on chondrocyte growth and phenotype in vitro, and reveal for the first time the in vivo effects of the treated cells on cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Frohbergh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Johana M. Guevara
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ronald P. Grelsamer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xingxuan He
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Calogera M. Simonaro
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Edward H. Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Corresponding Author: Edward H. Schuchman, PhD, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Rm. 14-20A, New York, NY 10029, Tel: 212-659-6711; Fax: 212-849-2447,
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27
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Frohbergh M, He X, Schuchman EH. The molecular medicine of acid ceramidase. Biol Chem 2016; 396:759-65. [PMID: 25938220 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine deacylase, EC 3.5.1.23; AC) is the lipid hydrolase responsible for the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids within lysosomes. The enzymatic activity was first identified over four decades ago and is deficient in two rare inherited disorders, Farber lipogranulomatosis (Farber disease) and spinal muscular atrophy with myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). Importantly, AC not only hydrolyzes ceramide into sphingosine within acidic compartments, but also can synthesize ceramide from sphingosine at neutral pH, suggesting that the enzyme may have diverse functions depending on its subcellular location and the local pH. Within cells, AC exists in a complex with other lipid hydrolases and requires a polypeptide cofactor (saposin D) for full hydrolytic activity. Recent studies also have shown that AC is overexpressed in several human cancers, and that inhibition of this enzyme may be a useful cancer drug target. Aberrant AC activity has also been described in several other common diseases. The cDNA and gene (ASAH1) encoding AC have been isolated, several mouse models of AC deficiency have been constructed, and the recombinant enzyme is currently being manufactured for the treatment of Farber disease and SMA-PME. Current information concerning the biology of this enzyme and its role in human disease is reviewed within.
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28
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Wang K, Xu R, Schrandt J, Shah P, Gong YZ, Preston C, Wang L, Yi JK, Lin CL, Sun W, Spyropoulos DD, Rhee S, Li M, Zhou J, Ge S, Zhang G, Snider AJ, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 3 Deficiency Results in Purkinje Cell Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Dyshomeostasis of Sphingolipids in the Brain. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005591. [PMID: 26474409 PMCID: PMC4608763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of both ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the brain has been implicated in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans. However, mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of these bioactive sphingolipids in the brain remain unclear. Mouse alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3), which preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of C18:1-ceramide, a major unsaturated long-chain ceramide species in the brain, is upregulated with age in the mouse brain. Acer3 knockout causes an age-dependent accumulation of various ceramides and C18:1-monohexosylceramide and abolishes the age-related increase in the levels of sphingosine and S1P in the brain; thereby resulting in Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum and deficits in motor coordination and balance. Our results indicate that Acer3 plays critically protective roles in controlling the homeostasis of various sphingolipids, including ceramides, sphingosine, S1P, and certain complex sphingolipids in the brain and protects Purkinje cells from premature degeneration. Bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphates, have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unclear as to how the homeostasis of these bioactive lipids is sustained. Alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of saturated long-chain ceramides (C18:1-ceramide and C20:1-ceramide) to generate sphingosine (SPH), which is phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this study we found that Acer3 is upregulated with age in the mouse brain and blocking Acer3 upregulation elevates the levels of ceramides while reducing S1P levels in the brain, thereby resulting in Purkinje cell loss and cerebellar ataxia. This study not only offers novel insights into the role for the homeostasis of ceramides and their metabolites in regulating normal aging of the cerebellum, but also provides a useful genetic tool to dissect the mechanism by which an aberrant accumulation of ceramides results in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schrandt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Prithvi Shah
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Z. Gong
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chet Preston
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Wang
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Sun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Demetri D. Spyropoulos
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soyoung Rhee
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The topic of ceramidases has experienced an enormous boost during the last few years. Ceramidases catalyze the degradation of ceramide to sphingosine and fatty acids. Ceramide is not only the central hub of sphingolipid biosynthesis and degradation, it is also a key molecule in sphingolipid signaling, promoting differentiation or apoptosis. Acid ceramidase inhibition sensitizes certain types of cancer to chemo- and radio-therapy and this is suggestive of a role of acid ceramidase inhibitors as chemo-sensitizers which can act synergistically with chemo-therapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize the development of ceramide analogues as first-generation ceramidase inhibitors together with data on their activity in cells and disease models. Furthermore, we describe the recent developments that have led to highly potent second-generation ceramidase inhibitors that act at nanomolar concentrations. In the third part, various assays of ceramidases are described and their relevance for accurately measuring ceramidase activities and for the development of novel inhibitors is highlighted. Besides potential clinical implications, the recent improvements in ceramidase inhibition and assaying may help to better understand the mechanisms of ceramide biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Saied
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Berlin, Germany; Suez Canal University, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Gu L, Liu H, Gu X, Boots C, Moley KH, Wang Q. Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:251-71. [PMID: 25280482 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders are major health issues worldwide. As the epidemic of metabolic disorders continues, the associated medical co-morbidities, including the detrimental impact on reproduction, increase as well. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of maternal nutrition on reproductive outcomes are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by oocyte metabolism. Well-balanced and timed energy metabolism is critical for optimal development of oocytes. To date, much of our understanding of oocyte metabolism comes from the effects of extrinsic nutrients on oocyte maturation. In contrast, intrinsic regulation of oocyte development by metabolic enzymes, intracellular mediators, and transport systems is less characterized. Specifically, decreased acid transport proteins levels, increased glucose/lipid content and elevated reactive oxygen species in oocytes have been implicated in meiotic defects, organelle dysfunction and epigenetic alteration. Therefore, metabolic disturbances in oocytes may contribute to the diminished reproductive potential experienced by women with metabolic disorders. In-depth research is needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. This review also discusses several approaches for metabolic analysis. Metabolomic profiling of oocytes, the surrounding granulosa cells, and follicular fluid will uncover the metabolic networks regulating oocyte development, potentially leading to the identification of oocyte quality markers and prevention of reproductive disease and poor outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China,
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31
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Zigdon H, Meshcheriakova A, Futerman AH. From sheep to mice to cells: Tools for the study of the sphingolipidoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1189-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Yang W, Schmid E, Nurbaeva MK, Szteyn K, Leibrock C, Yan J, Schaller M, Gulbins E, Shumilina E, Lang F. Role of acid sphingomyelinase in the regulation of mast cell function. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 44:79-90. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Yang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - E. Schmid
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - M. K. Nurbaeva
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - K. Szteyn
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - C. Leibrock
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - J. Yan
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - M. Schaller
- Department of Dermatology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - E. Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - E. Shumilina
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - F. Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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33
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Alayoubi AM, Wang JCM, Au BCY, Carpentier S, Garcia V, Dworski S, El-Ghamrasni S, Kirouac KN, Exertier MJ, Xiong ZJ, Privé GG, Simonaro CM, Casas J, Fabrias G, Schuchman EH, Turner PV, Hakem R, Levade T, Medin JA. Systemic ceramide accumulation leads to severe and varied pathological consequences. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:827-42. [PMID: 23681708 PMCID: PMC3779446 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Farber disease (FD) is a severe inherited disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by deficient lysosomal acid ceramidase (ACDase) activity, resulting in ceramide accumulation. Ceramide and metabolites have roles in cell apoptosis and proliferation. We introduced a single-nucleotide mutation identified in human FD patients into the murine Asah1 gene to generate the first model of systemic ACDase deficiency. Homozygous Asah1P361R/P361R animals showed ACDase defects, accumulated ceramide, demonstrated FD manifestations and died within 7–13 weeks. Mechanistically, MCP-1 levels were increased and tissues were replete with lipid-laden macrophages. Treatment of neonates with a single injection of human ACDase-encoding lentivector diminished the severity of the disease as highlighted by enhanced growth, decreased ceramide, lessened cellular infiltrations and increased lifespans. This model of ACDase deficiency offers insights into the pathophysiology of FD and the roles of ACDase, ceramide and related sphingolipids in cell signaling and growth, as well as facilitates the development of therapy.
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Sands MS. Farber disease: understanding a fatal childhood disorder and dissecting ceramide biology. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:799-801. [PMID: 23666771 PMCID: PMC3779442 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Sands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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