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Turecamo S, Downie CG, Wolska A, Mora S, Otvos JD, Connelly MA, Remaley AT, Conners KM, Joo J, Sampson M, Bielinski SJ, Shearer JJ, Roger VL. Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Score and Mortality Risk Stratification in Heart Failure. Am J Med 2024; 137:640-648. [PMID: 38583752 PMCID: PMC11213682 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher total serum cholesterol is associated with lower mortality in heart failure. Evaluating associations between lipoprotein subfractions and mortality among people with heart failure may provide insights into this observation. METHODS We prospectively enrolled a community cohort of people with heart failure from 2003 to 2012 and assessed vital status through 2021. Plasma collected at enrollment was used to measure lipoprotein subfractions via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A composite score of 6 lipoprotein subfractions was generated using the lipoprotein insulin resistance index (LP-IR) algorithm. Using covariate-adjusted proportional hazards regression models, we evaluated associations between LP-IR score and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among 1382 patients with heart failure (median follow-up 13.9 years), a one-standard-deviation (SD) increment in LP-IR score was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99). Among LP-IR parameters, mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size was significantly associated with lower mortality (HR per 1-SD decrement in mean HDL particle size = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89), suggesting that the inverse association between LP-IR score and mortality may be driven by smaller mean HDL particle size. CONCLUSIONS LP-IR score was inversely associated with mortality among patients with heart failure and may be driven by smaller HDL particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Turecamo
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carolina G Downie
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - James D Otvos
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine M Conners
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Suzette J Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minn
| | - Joseph J Shearer
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Véronique L Roger
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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2
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Seto Y, Nagao M, Iino T, Harada A, Murakami K, Miwa K, Shinohara M, Nishimori M, Yoshikawa S, Asakura J, Fujioka T, Ishida T, Hirata KI, Toh R. Impaired Cholesterol Uptake Capacity in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia and Diabetes Mellitus. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:728-740. [PMID: 38574000 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a common metabolic abnormality associated with insulin resistance, their role in cardiovascular risk stratification remains controversial. Recently, we developed a simple, high-throughput, cell-free assay system to evaluate the "cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC)" as a novel concept for HDL functionality. In this study, we assessed the CUC in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus. METHODS The CUC was measured using cryopreserved serum samples from 285 patients who underwent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention between December 2014 and May 2019 at Kobe University Hospital. RESULTS The CUC was significantly lower in diabetic patients (n = 125) than in nondiabetic patients (93.0 vs 100.7 arbitrary units (A.U.), P = 0.002). Patients with serum triglyceride (TG) levels >150 mg/dL (n = 94) also had a significantly lower CUC (91.8 vs 100.0 A.U., P = 0.004). Furthermore, the CUC showed a significant inverse correlation with TG, hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI). Finally, the HDL-C/Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) ratio, calculated as a surrogate index of HDL particle size, was significantly positively correlated with the CUC (r2 = 0.49, P < 0.001), but inversely correlated with TG levels (r2 = -0.30, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The CUC decreased in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus, and HDL particle size was a factor defining the CUC and inversely correlated with TG levels, suggesting that impaired CUC in insulin-resistant states was partially due to the shift in HDL towards smaller particles. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Seto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuya Iino
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Amane Harada
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Murakami
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiko Miwa
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishimori
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yoshikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junko Asakura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoo Fujioka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Nursing Practice, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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3
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Jeong H, Maatouk CM, Russell MW, Singh RP. Associations between lipid abnormalities and diabetic retinopathy across a large United States national database. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03022-3. [PMID: 38521836 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While dyslipidaemia has been suggested as a potential risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR), previous studies have reported conflicting findings. This study aimed to better characterize the relationship between abnormal serum levels of various lipid markers and the risk of the development and progression of DR. SUBJECTS/METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized a United States national database of electronic medical records. Adults with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus without type 1 diabetes mellitus were divided into cohorts based on the presence of abnormal serum levels of various lipid markers. Propensity score matching was performed to match cohorts with abnormal lipid levels to those with normal lipid levels on covariates. The cohorts were then compared to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) of receiving a new DR diagnosis, pars plana vitrectomy, panretinal photocoagulation, vitreous haemorrhage, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and traction retinal detachment. RESULTS The database contained 1,126,231 eligible patients (mean age: 60.8 [14.2] years; 46.0% female). Among patients without prior DR, low HDL (HR = 0.94, CI = 0.90-0.98), total cholesterol (HR = 0.88, CI = 0.85-0.91), and high triglyceride (HR = 0.91, CI = 0.86-0.97) levels were associated with a decreased risk of receiving a DR diagnosis. Among patients with preexisting DR, high LDL levels was associated with an increased risk of DMO (HR = 1.42, CI = 1.15-1.75), whereas low HDL levels was associated with a marginally decreased risk (HR = 0.92, CI = 0.85-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of markers of dyslipidaemia are inversely associated with the risk of receiving a DR diagnosis, but this relationship is blunted after the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejin Jeong
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher M Maatouk
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew W Russell
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rishi P Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Martin Health, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Stuart, FL, USA.
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Tay SH, Zharkova O, Lee HY, Toh MMX, Libau EA, Celhar T, Narayanan S, Ahl PJ, Ong WY, Joseph C, Lim JCT, Wang L, Larbi A, Liang S, Lateef A, Akira S, Ling LH, Thamboo TP, Yeong JPS, Lee BTK, Edwards SW, Wright HL, MacAry PA, Connolly JE, Fairhurst AM. Platelet TLR7 is essential for the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes and low-density neutrophils in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:551-562. [PMID: 37341646 PMCID: PMC10836995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelets and low-density neutrophils (LDNs) are major players in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Despite evidence showing the importance of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) in inflammation, little is known about the relationship between LDNs and platelets in SLE. We sought to characterize the role of LDNs and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in clinical disease. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype LDNs from SLE patients and controls. The association of LDNs with organ damage was investigated in a cohort of 290 SLE patients. TLR7 mRNA expression was assessed in LDNs and high-density neutrophils (HDNs) using publicly available mRNA sequencing datasets and our own cohort using RT-PCR. The role of TLR7 in platelet binding was evaluated in platelet-HDN mixing studies using TLR7-deficient mice and Klinefelter syndrome patients. RESULTS SLE patients with active disease have more LDNs, which are heterogeneous and more immature in patients with evidence of kidney dysfunction. LDNs are platelet bound, in contrast to HDNs. LDNs settle in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) layer due to the increased buoyancy and neutrophil degranulation from platelet binding. Mixing studies demonstrated that this PNC formation was dependent on platelet-TLR7 and that the association results in increased NETosis. The neutrophil:platelet ratio is a useful clinical correlate for LDNs, and a higher NPR is associated with past and current flares of LN. CONCLUSIONS LDNs sediment in the upper PBMC fraction due to PNC formation, which is dependent on the expression of TLR7 in platelets. Collectively, our results reveal a novel TLR7-dependent crosstalk between platelets and neutrophils that may be an important therapeutic opportunity for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hee Tay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Michelle Min Xuan Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eshele Anak Libau
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Patricia Jennifer Ahl
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Yee Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Craig Joseph
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shen Liang
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aisha Lateef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Joe Poh Seng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Anthony MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Lee ARYB, Yau CE, Chua CKT, Cheng WL, Chia AJL, Wong SY, Kow NY, Gong L, Lee BTK, Ling LH, Mak A, Loh TP, Tay SH. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfraction HDL2 is associated with improved endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001030. [PMID: 38262630 PMCID: PMC10806503 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased risk of premature atherosclerosis but the exact mechanisms remains unclear. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is an established non-invasive assessment of vascular endothelial function. Lipoprotein subfractions may be better predictors of FMD than conventional cholesterol measurements. We tested the hypothesis that lipoprotein subfractions are independently associated with FMD. METHODS Forty-one consecutive adult patients with SLE without known cardiovascular risk factors or disease were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Endothelial function and early atherosclerosis were assessed by brachial FMD and common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions were measured. Machine learning models were also constructed to predict FMD and CCA IMT. RESULTS Median FMD was 4.48% (IQR 5.00%) while median IMT was 0.54 mm (IQR 0.12 mm). Univariate analysis showed lower LDL1 (r=-0.313, p<0.05) and higher HDL2 subfractions (r=0.313, p<0.05) were significantly associated with higher log-transformed FMD. In a multiple linear regression model, HDL2 (β=0.024, SE=0.012, p<0.05) remained an independent predictor of higher FMD after adjusting for age, body mass index, LDL1 and systolic blood pressure. The machine learning model included parameters such as HDL2 (positive association), prednisolone dose, LDL cholesterol and LDL1 for prediction of FMD (r=0.433, p<0.01). Age, LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with higher CCA IMT after adjusting for body mass index and HDL2. CONCLUSIONS HDL 2, a large HDL particle, was independently associated with greater FMD and may be a biomarker of vascular health in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Kai Ting Chua
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wan Ling Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Shi Yin Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nien Yee Kow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingli Gong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Khattib A, Shmet M, Ashkar R, Hayek T, Khatib S. Novel bioactive lipids enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages through the ABCA1 receptor pathway. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105367. [PMID: 38103770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has traditionally been acknowledged as "good cholesterol" owing to its significant association with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. This association is primarily attributed to HDL's direct involvement in cholesterol efflux capacity, which plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport. A novel active compound from Nannochloropsis microalgae termed lyso-DGTS, a lipid that contains EPA fatty acids, was previously isolated and found to increase paraoxonase 1 activity and enhance HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and HDL-induced endothelial nitric oxide release. Here, the effect of different lyso-DGTS derivatives and analogs on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages was examined, and the mechanism was explored. Structure-activity relationships were established to characterize the essential lipid moieties responsible for HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Lyso-DGTS, 1-carboxy-N-N-N-trimethyl-3-oleamidopropan-1-aminium, and lyso-platelet-activating factor increased HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages dose-dependently, mainly via the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway. The effect of lyso-DGTS derivatives and analogs on the surface polarity of HDL was examined using the Laurdan generalized polarization (GP) assay. A reverse Pearson linear regression was obtained between Laurdan GP values and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Because the incorporation of bioactive lipids into the surface phospholipid layer of HDL leads to a decrease in Laurdan GP, these bioactive lipids may induce lower phospholipid ordering and greater free space on the HDL particle surface, thereby enhancing apolipoprotein A1 binding to the ABCA1 receptor and improving ABCA1 cholesterol-mediated efflux. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso-DGTS and its bioactive lipid derivatives on increasing HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux activity from macrophages, which may impact atherosclerosis attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khattib
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel; The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manar Shmet
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel
| | - Rasha Ashkar
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel.
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7
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Liang N, Harsch BA, Zhou S, Borkowska A, Shearer GC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Newman JW, Borkowski K. Oxylipin transport by lipoprotein particles and its functional implications for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101265. [PMID: 37979798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein metabolism is critical to inflammation. While the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) have separate yet connected lipoprotein systems, impaired lipoprotein metabolism is implicated in both cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Despite the substantial investigation into the composition, structure and function of lipoproteins, the lipoprotein oxylipin profiles, their influence on lipoprotein functions, and their potential biological implications are unclear. Lipoproteins carry most of the circulating oxylipins. Importantly, lipoprotein-mediated oxylipin transport allows for endocrine signaling by these lipid mediators, long considered to have only autocrine and paracrine functions. Alterations in plasma lipoprotein oxylipin composition can directly impact inflammatory responses of lipoprotein metabolizing cells. Similar investigations of CNS lipoprotein oxylipins are non-existent to date. However, as APOE4 is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related microglia dysfunction and oxylipin dysregulation, ApoE4-dependent lipoprotein oxylipin modulation in neurological pathologies is suggested. Such investigations are crucial to bridge knowledge gaps linking oxylipin- and lipoprotein-related disorders in both periphery and CNS. Here, after providing a summary of existent literatures on lipoprotein oxylipin analysis methods, we emphasize the importance of lipoproteins in oxylipin transport and argue that understanding the compartmentalization and distribution of lipoprotein oxylipins may fundamentally alter our consideration of the roles of lipoprotein in cardiometabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian A Harsch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alison Borkowska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Sæther JC, Klevjer M, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Gigante B, Gjære S, Myhra M, Vesterbekkmo EK, Wiseth R, Madssen E, Bye A. Small LDL subfractions are associated with coronary atherosclerosis despite no differences in conventional lipids. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:16-26. [PMID: 36374174 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein subfractions currently represent a new source of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers that may provide more information than conventional lipid measures. We aimed to investigate whether lipoprotein subfractions are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients without prior known CVD. Fasting serum samples from 60 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were collected before coronary angiography and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was quantified by the Gensini score (≤20.5 = nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis, 20.6-30.0 = intermediate coronary atherosclerosis, ≥30.1 = significant CAD). Differences in lipoprotein subfractions between the three Gensini groups were assessed by two-way ANOVA, adjusted for statin use. Despite no differences in conventional lipid measures between the three Gensini groups, patients with significant CAD had higher apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 ratio, 30% more small and dense low-density lipoprotein 5 (LDL-5) particles, and increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids within LDL-5 compared with patients with nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis and intermediate coronary atherosclerosis (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglyceride levels of LDL 4 were significantly increased in patients with significant CAD compared with patients with nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis. In conclusion, small and dense lipoprotein subfractions were associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients without prior CVD. Additional studies are needed to explore whether lipoprotein subfractions may represent biomarkers offering a clinically meaningful improvement in the risk prediction of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Caroline Sæther
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Klevjer
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Fanneløb Giskeødegård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Gjære
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marthe Myhra
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleivhaug Vesterbekkmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Madssen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anja Bye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Masuda Y, Kishimoto N, Yamada C, Kubo A, Moriyama K, Suzuki N, Mine A, Okuno C, Takashimizu S, Nishizaki Y. Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses Levels with Sleep Duration and Other Lifestyles in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women: Cross-Sectional Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:524-531. [PMID: 36040360 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed at investigating the association of high-density lipoprotein subclasses (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) levels with sleep duration, in comparison to other lifestyles in middle-aged and elderly women. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 women aged older than 40 who underwent "Anti-aging Health Checkups" were enrolled in the study. The analyses were conducted for all the subjects using personal data regarding clinical characteristics and lifestyle. Sleep duration was categorized into two groups of less than or more than 6 hrs. First, an analysis was performed to assess the correlation of two major HDL subclasses with various factors. Next, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the association for each HDL2-C and HDL3-C with lifestyles such as sleep duration, daily breakfast, dinner time, habitual exercise, and drinking. Moreover, we examined the associations between HDL2-C and sleep duration combined with other lifestyle factors such as dinner time, daily breakfast, habitual exercise, and drinking. Results: In comparison to lifestyles, sleep duration had a strong association with only HDL2-C after adjustment for confounders. The "less 6 hrs sleep" group in combination with the "no exercise habit" or the "routine drinking habit" significantly decreased HDL2-C levels more than the assumed reference group. Regarding breakfast, there is a significant association between the "less than 6 hrs sleep with no daily breakfast" and the "more than 6 hrs sleep with daily breakfast." Conclusion: The results of this study may suggest that sufficient sleep might be significant for maintaining appropriate HDL2-C levels in middle-aged and elderly women under the condition that lifestyle might change during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akina Mine
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiori Okuno
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Takashimizu
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Mihajlović M, Stefanović A, Paripović D, Peco-Antić A, Simachew YM, Antonić T, Gojković T, Vladimirov S, Vujčić S, Miloševski-Lomić G, Vekić J, Zeljković A. Lipoproteins and cholesterol homeostasis in paediatric nephrotic syndrome patients. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2022; 32:020706. [PMID: 35799985 PMCID: PMC9195603 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2022.020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate lipoprotein particle distributions and the likelihood of achieving cholesterol homeostasis in the remission phase of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in paediatric patients. We hypothesized that lipoprotein particle distributions moved toward less atherogenic profile and that cholesterol homeostasis was achieved. Materials and methods Thirty-three children, 2 to 9 years old with NS were recruited. Blood sampling took place both in the acute phase and during remission. Serum low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL) were separated using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel (3-31%) electrophoresis. Serum non-cholesterols sterols (NCSs), desmosterol, lathosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), campesterol and β-sitosterol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results All patients had desirable serum HDL cholesterol concentrations during remission. The dominant lipoprotein diameters and LDL subclass distribution did not change significantly during follow-up. In contrast, HDL lipoprotein particle distribution shifted towards larger particles. The absolute concentration of desmosterol was significantly lower during remission (P = 0.023). β-sitosterol concentration markedly increased during remission (P = 0.005). Desmosterol/β-sitosterol (P < 0.001) and 7-DHC/β-sitosterol (P = 0.005) ratios significantly declined during disease remission. Conclusions Favourable changes in the serum lipid profiles, HDL particle subclass distribution and cholesterol metabolism in paediatric patients with NS during remission took place. For the first time, we found that cholesterol homeostasis changed in favour of increased cholesterol absorption during disease remission. Nevertheless, complete cholesterol homeostasis was not achieved during disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Paripović
- Department of Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amira Peco-Antić
- Department of Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yonas Mulat Simachew
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Antonić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Gojković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Vladimirov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Vujčić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Vekić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Jousilahti P, But A, Joensuu A, Latvala A, Partonen T, Erlund I, Haukka J. Metabolomics profile of 5649 users and non-users of hormonal intrauterine devices in Finland. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:603.e1-603.e29. [PMID: 35697093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of hormonal intrauterine devices has grown during the last decades. Although the hormonal intrauterine devices act mostly via local effects on uterus, measurable concentrations of levonorgestrel are absorbed into the systemic circulation. The possible metabolic changes and large scale biomarker profiles associated with the hormonal intrauterine devices have not yet been studied in detail. OBJECTIVES To examine, through the metabolomics approach, the metabolic profile of the hormonal intrauterine device use, its associations as a function of the duration of use, as well as those with after discontinuation of the hormonal intrauterine device use. STUDY DESIGN The study consists of cross-sectional analyses of five population-based surveys (FINRISK and FinHealth studies), spanning 1997-2017. All fertile aged (18-49 years) participants in the surveys with available information on hormonal contraceptive use and metabolomics data (n=5649), were included in the study. Altogether 211 metabolic measures in users of hormonal intrauterine devices (n=1006) were compared to those in non-users of hormonal contraception (n=4643) via multivariable linear regression models. In order to allow the comparison across multiple measures, association magnitudes are reported in SD units of difference in biomarker concentration compared to the reference group. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, levels of 141 metabolites differed in current users of hormonal intrauterine devices compared to non-users of hormonal contraception (median difference in biomarker concentration: 0.09 SD): lower levels of particle concentration of larger lipoprotein subclasses, triglycerides, cholesterol and derivatives, apolipoproteins A and B, fatty acids, glycoprotein acetyls and aromatic amino acids. The metabolic pattern of the hormonal intrauterine device use did not change according to the duration of use. When comparing previous users and never-users of hormonal intrauterine devices, no significant metabolic differences emerged. CONCLUSIONS The use of hormonal intrauterine devices was associated with several moderate metabolic changes, previously associated with reduced arterial cardiometabolic risk. The metabolic effects were independent of the duration of use of the hormonal intrauterine devices. Moreover, the metabolic profiles were similar after discontinuation of the hormonal intrauterine devices and in never-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toffol
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna But
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Joensuu
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Lenz KD, Klosterman KE, Mukundan H, Kubicek-Sutherland JZ. Lipoprotein capture ELISA method for the sensitive detection of amphiphilic biomarkers. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Control of Cholesterol Metabolism Using a Systems Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030430. [PMID: 35336806 PMCID: PMC8945167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is the main sterol in mammals that is essential for healthy cell functionining. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation and signaling, it is a precursor molecule of bile acids, oxysterols, and all steroid hormones. It also contributes to the structural makeup of the membranes. Its homeostasis is tightly controlled since it can harm the body if it is allowed to reach abnormal blood concentrations. One of the diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels being the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide, is atherosclerosis. In this study, we have developed a model of the cholesterol metabolism taking into account local inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the impact of the interplay of those processes and cholesterol metabolism disturbances on the atherosclerosis development and progression. We have also analyzed the effect of combining different classes of drugs targeting selected components of cholesterol metabolism. Abstract Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cells and is involved in many fundamental physiological processes; hence, its homeostasis in the body is tightly controlled, and any disturbance has serious consequences. Disruption of the cellular metabolism of cholesterol, accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and, consequently, is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Therefore, new drugs to regulate disturbed cholesterol metabolism are used and developed, which help to control cholesterol homeostasis but still do not entirely cure atherosclerosis. In this study, a Petri net-based model of human cholesterol metabolism affected by a local inflammation and oxidative stress, has been created and analyzed. The use of knockout of selected pathways allowed us to observe and study the effect of various combinations of commonly used drugs on atherosclerosis. The analysis results led to the conclusion that combination therapy, targeting multiple pathways, may be a fundamental concept in the development of more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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14
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Fernandes das Neves M, Batuca JR, Delgado Alves J. The role of high-density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Immunology 2021; 164:231-241. [PMID: 33934336 PMCID: PMC8442240 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti-inflammatory effects, despite some pro-inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Fernandes das Neves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
| | - Joana R. Batuca
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Center of the Study of Chronic DiseasesNew University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
- Medicine 4 DepartmentFernando Fonseca HospitalAmadoraPortugal
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15
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Nusinovici S, Li H, Thakur S, Baskaran M, Tham YC, Zhou L, Sabanayagam C, Aung T, Silver D, Fan Q, Wong TY, Crowston J, Cheng CY. High-Density Lipoprotein 3 Cholesterol and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Ophthalmology 2021; 129:285-294. [PMID: 34592243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that the effect of blood lipid-related metabolites on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) would differ according to specific lipoprotein particles and lipid sub-fractions. We investigated the associations of blood levels of lipoprotein particles and lipid sub-fractions with POAG. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Individuals recruited for the baseline visit of the population-based Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study (n = 8503). METHODS All participants underwent detailed standardized ocular and systemic examinations. A total of 130 blood lipid-related metabolites were quantified using a nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform. The analyses were conducted in 2 stages. First, we investigated whether and which lipid-related metabolites were directly associated with POAG using regression analyses followed by Bayesian network modeling. Second, we investigated if any causal relationship exists between the identified lipid-related metabolites, if any, and POAG using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 3 cholesterol (after inverse normal transformation) and used the top variants associated with HLD3 cholesterol as instrumental variables (IVs) in the MR analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Primary open-angle glaucoma. RESULTS Of the participants, 175 (2.1%) had POAG. First, a logistic regression model showed that total HDL3 cholesterol (negatively) and phospholipids in very large HDL (positively) were associated with POAG. Further analyses using a Bayesian network analysis showed that only total HDL3 cholesterol was directly associated with POAG (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 per 1 standard deviation increase in HDL3 cholesterol; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.84), independently of age, gender, intraocular pressure (IOP), body mass index (BMI), education level, systolic blood pressure, axial length, and statin medication. Using 5 IVs identified from the GWAS and with the inverse variance weighted MR method, we found that higher levels of HDL3 cholesterol were associated with a decreased odds of POAG (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99, P = 0.021). Other MR methods, including weighted median, mode-based estimator, and contamination mixture methods, derived consistent OR estimates. None of the routine lipids (blood total, HDL, or low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol) were associated with POAG. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that the relationship between HDL3 cholesterol and POAG might be causal and specific, and that dysregulation of cholesterol transport may play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nusinovici
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Crowston
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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16
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HDL in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: In Search of a Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081869. [PMID: 34440638 PMCID: PMC8394469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been regarded as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective factor. Recently, several epidemiological studies, while confirming low plasma levels of HDL-C as an established predictive biomarker for atherosclerotic CVD, indicated that not only people at the lowest levels but also those with high HDL-C levels are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. This “U-shaped” association has further fueled the discussion on the pathophysiological role of HDL in CVD. In fact, genetic studies, Mendelian randomization approaches, and clinical trials have challenged the notion of HDL-C levels being causally linked to CVD protection, independent of the cholesterol content in low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C). These findings have prompted a reconsideration of the biological functions of HDL that can be summarized with the word “HDL functionality”, a term that embraces the many reported biological activities beyond the so-called reverse cholesterol transport, to explain this lack of correlation between HDL levels and CVD. All these aspects are summarized and critically discussed in this review, in an attempt to provide a background scenario for the “HDL story”, a lipoprotein still in search of a role.
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17
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C Thambiah S, Lai LC. Diabetic dyslipidaemia. Pract Lab Med 2021; 26:e00248. [PMID: 34368411 PMCID: PMC8326412 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an escalating pandemic and an established cardiovascular risk factor. An important aspect of the interaction between DM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is diabetic dyslipidaemia, an atherogenic dyslipidaemia encompassing quantitative [hypertriglyceridaemia (hyperTG) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)] and qualitative [increased small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL) particles, large very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) subfraction (VLDL1) and dysfunctional HDL] modifications in lipoproteins. Much of the pathophysiology linking DM and dyslipidaemia has been elucidated. This paper aims to review the pathophysiology and management of diabetic dyslipidaemia with respect to ASCVD. Briefly, the influence of diabetic kidney disease on lipid profile and lipid changes causing type 2 diabetes mellitus are highlighted. Biomarkers of diabetic dyslipidaemia, including novel markers and clinical trials that have demonstrated that non-lipid and lipid lowering therapies can lower cardiovascular risk in diabetics are discussed. The stands of various international guidelines on lipid management in DM are emphasised. It is important to understand the underlying mechanisms of diabetic dyslipidaemia in order to develop new therapeutic strategies against dyslipidaemia and diabetes. The various international guidelines on lipid management can be used to tailor a holistic approach specific to each patient with diabetic dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashini C Thambiah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Bonizzi A, Piuri G, Corsi F, Cazzola R, Mazzucchelli S. HDL Dysfunctionality: Clinical Relevance of Quality Rather Than Quantity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:729. [PMID: 34202201 PMCID: PMC8301425 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) represent a class of lipoproteins very heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological functions, which carry out reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and vasodilator actions. Despite the evidence suggesting a clear inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) concentration and the risk for cardiovascular disease, plasma HDL cholesterol levels do not predict the functionality and composition of HDLs. The importance of defining both the amount of cholesterol transported and lipoprotein functionality has recently been highlighted. Indeed, different clinical conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) can alter the HDL functionality, converting normal HDLs into dysfunctional ones, undergoing structural changes, and exhibiting proinflammatory, pro-oxidant, prothrombotic, and proapoptotic properties. The aim of the current review is to summarize the actual knowledge concerning the physical-chemical alteration of HDLs related to their functions, which have been found to be relevant in several pathological conditions associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bonizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piuri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
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19
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Coimbra S, Reis F, Valente MJ, Rocha S, Catarino C, Rocha-Pereira P, Sameiro-Faria M, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease? Biomedicines 2021; 9:554. [PMID: 34065648 PMCID: PMC8157071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Sameiro-Faria
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Hemodialysis Clinic Hospital Agostinho Ribeiro, 4610-106 Felgueiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
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20
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Dias GD, Cartolano FC, Freitas MCP, Santa-Helena E, Markus MRP, Santos RD, Damasceno NRT. Adiponectin predicts the antioxidant capacity and size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107856. [PMID: 33627254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is established; however the evidence on its role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality is still scant. The aim of this study was to assess the association of adiponectin with HDL functionality especially on the antioxidant capacity and HDL subfractions in individuals with T2DM. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 356 individuals who were divided into two groups: diabetics [T2DM (n = 188)] and non-diabetic [nT2DM (n = 168)]. The association of adiponectin level on HDL functionality parameters was done in function of the cut-off point for adiponectin [percentile p < 75 = 12.9 μg/mL versus p ≥ 75 = 12.9 μg/mL] and multiple adjustments applied in the logistic regression models. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM) were higher in T2DM. The larger HDL particles (HDLLARGE) were lower in T2DM group in comparison with nT2DM (28.20% versus 30.40%; p = 0.016). Individuals with T2DM and simultaneous highest adiponectin (p ≥ 75) had 2.25 OR (95% CI = 1.03-4.91) and 5.14 OR (95% CI = 2.37-11.15) to present higher HDL-C and HDLLARGE concentrations. After adjustment for multiple confounders, high level of adiponectin was independently related with improvement of the HDL antioxidant capacity (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.16-6.67). CONCLUSIONS High adiponectin level associates with a lesser negative impact of T2DM on HDL functionality by increase in APO AI, particles size, and cholesterol content. On the same token, higher adiponectin was associated with greater odds to have high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dias
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Cartolano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C P Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M R P Markus
- Universitatsklinikum Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R D Santos
- Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N R T Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Nazir S, Jankowski V, Bender G, Zewinger S, Rye KA, van der Vorst EP. Interaction between high-density lipoproteins and inflammation: Function matters more than concentration! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:94-119. [PMID: 33080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and especially contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Over recent years it has become clear that the effect of HDL on immune-modulation is not only dependent on HDL concentration but also and perhaps even more so on HDL function. This review will provide a concise general introduction to HDL followed by an overview of post-translational modifications of HDL and a detailed overview of the role of HDL in inflammatory diseases. The clinical potential of HDL and its main apolipoprotein constituent, apoA-I, is also addressed in this context. Finally, some conclusions and remarks that are important for future HDL-based research and further development of HDL-focused therapies are discussed.
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22
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Pappa E, Elisaf MS, Kostara C, Bairaktari E, Tsimihodimos VK. Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2964-2978. [PMID: 30714519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear. OBJECTIVE As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial. METHODS The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed. CONCLUSION There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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23
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Varela LM, Meseguer E, Lapergue B, Couret D, Amarenco P, Meilhac O. Changes in High-Density Lipoproteins Related to Outcomes in Patients with Acute Stroke. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072269. [PMID: 32708891 PMCID: PMC7408777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle sizes and HDL-binding proteins have been reported in stroke patients. We evaluated whether the lipoprotein profile, HDL composition and functionality were altered in stroke patients according to their clinical outcome using the modified Rankin Score at 3 months. Plasma samples were obtained from stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Levels of cardiovascular and inflammatory markers in plasma were measured using the Human CVD Panel 1 (Milliplex® MAP). Lipoprotein subfractions from plasma were quantified by non-denaturing acrylamide gel electrophoresis, using the Lipoprint®-System (Quantimetrix®), and HDLs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Relative amounts of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and alpha-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) in the isolated HDLs were determined by Western blot. HDL anti-inflammatory function was evaluated in human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells stimulated with 100 ng/mL TNFα, and HDL antioxidant function was evaluated via their capacity to limit copper-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Stroke patients with unfavorable outcomes had a lower proportion of small-sized HDLs and increased plasma levels of E-selectin (SELE) and the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). HDLs from patients with unfavorable outcomes had lower levels of PON1 and displayed a blunted capacity to reduce the expression of SELE, interleukin 8 (IL8) and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) mRNA induced by TNFα in endothelial cells. These HDLs also had a reduced antioxidant capacity relative to HDLs from healthy donors. In conclusion, an increased ratio of large/small HDLs with impaired anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities was associated with unfavorable outcomes in stroke patients. Alteration of HDL functionality was mainly associated with a low amount of PON1 and high amount of AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M. Varela
- Inserm U1148, Paris University, 75018 Paris, France
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica-Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.V.); (O.M.)
| | - Elena Meseguer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Paris University, 75018 Paris, France; (E.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Bertrand Lapergue
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France;
| | | | - Pierre Amarenco
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Paris University, 75018 Paris, France; (E.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- CHU de La Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, France;
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm U1188 DéTROI, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.V.); (O.M.)
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24
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Amigó N, Akinkuolie AO, Chiuve SE, Correig X, Cook NR, Mora S. Habitual Fish Consumption, n-3 Fatty Acids, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subfractions in Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014963. [PMID: 32102617 PMCID: PMC7335538 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Supplementation with omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid or dietary fish may protect against atherosclerosis, but the potential mechanisms are unclear. Prior studies found modest triglyceride‐lowering effects and slight increases in LDL (low‐density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Limited evidence has examined n‐3 effects on more detailed lipoprotein biomarkers. Methods and Results We conducted a study of 26 034 healthy women who reported information on fish and n‐3 intake from a 131‐item food‐frequency questionnaire. We measured plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy lipoproteins and examined their associations with dietary intake of fish, total n‐3, and the n‐3 subtypes (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and α‐linolenic acids). Top‐ versus bottom‐quintile intake of fish and n‐3 were significantly associated with lower triglyceride and large VLDL (very‐low‐density lipoprotein) particles. Fish intake, but not total n‐3, was positively associated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and larger LDL size, but only α‐linolenic acid was associated with lower LDL cholesterol. Total n‐3, docosahexaenoic acid, and α‐linolenic acid intake were also positively associated with larger HDL (high‐density lipoprotein) size and large HDL particles. High eicosapentaenoic acid intake was significantly associated with only a decreased level of VLDL particle concentration and VLDL triglyceride content. The n‐3 fatty acids had some similarities but also differed in their associations with prospective cardiovascular disease risk patterns. Conclusions Higher consumption of fish and n‐3 fatty acids were associated with multiple measures of lipoproteins that were mostly consistent with cardiovascular prevention, with differences noted for high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid and α‐linolenic acid that were apparent with more detailed lipoprotein phenotyping. These hypothesis‐generating findings warrant further study in clinical trials. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Amigó
- Division of Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Metabolomics Platform Department of Electronic Electric and Automatic Engineering University Rovira i Virgili IISPV CIBERDEM Tarragona Spain
| | - Akintunde O Akinkuolie
- Division of Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Stephanie E Chiuve
- Division of Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomics Platform Department of Electronic Electric and Automatic Engineering University Rovira i Virgili IISPV CIBERDEM Tarragona Spain
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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25
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de Freitas MCP, Martins Figueiredo Neto A, Damasceno NR. Nonlinear optical responses of oxidized low-density lipoprotein: Cutoff point for z-scan peak-valley distance. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101689. [PMID: 32087295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of new methods to assess biomarkers of cardiovascular disease is currently a subject of scientific research. This article broadens our view of nonlinear optical responses of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) evaluated using the Z-scan peak-valley distance and proposes a cutoff point. We investigated the association of peak-valley distance and some cardiovascular risk factors related with sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric profiles and plasma biomarkers such as lipid and glucose profile, apolipoprotein, lipoprotein subfractions and omega 3 fatty acids. Z-scan analysis was performed using isolated LDL after ultracentrifugation in human blood samples collected after fasting. Peak-valley distance is a parameter that decreases directly depending on the oxidizability of LDL. As peak-valley distance was associated with relevant biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, we tested cutoff points for categorization and the best results were obtained using percentile < 75 (Lowz-scan) and percentile ≥ 75 (Highz-scan). The regression logistic models tested after establishing the cutoff point for peak-valley distance showed that increased levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, large high-density lipoprotein subfractions and docosahexaenoic acid are directly associated with HighZ-scan. Conversely, high levels of small LDL were associated with decreased odds of presenting HighZ-scan. In conclusion, the cutoff point for peak-valley distance was able to identify atherogenic characteristics of LDL and its relationship with some parameters of high-density lipoprotein functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Pruper de Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Nágila Raquel Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein component apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, play an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that HDLs comprise of a very heterogeneous group of particles, not only regarding size but also composition. HDL's best described function is its role in the reverse cholesterol transport, where lipid-free apoA-I or small HDLs can accept and take up cholesterol from peripheral cells and subsequently transport this to the liver for excretion. However, several other functions have also been described, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. In this article, the general features, synthesis and metabolism of apoA-I and HDLs will be discussed. Additionally, an overview of HDL functions will be given, especially in the context of some major pathologies like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the therapeutic potential of raising HDL will be discussed, focussing on the difficulties of the past and the promises of the future.
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27
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Bonacina F, Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Cholesterol membrane content has a ubiquitous evolutionary function in immune cell activation: the role of HDL. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:462-469. [PMID: 31577612 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cellular cholesterol content influences the structure and function of lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains essential for cell signaling and activation. HDL modulate cellular cholesterol efflux, thus limiting cholesterol accumulation and controlling immune cell activation. Aim of this review is to discuss the link between HDL and cellular cholesterol metabolism in immune cells and the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol removal from cell membranes. RECENT FINDINGS The inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease has been recently challenged by observations linking elevated levels of HDL-C with increased risk of all-cause mortality, infections and autoimmune diseases, paralleled by the failure of clinical trials with HDL-C-raising therapies. These findings suggest that improving HDL function might be more important than merely raising HDL-C levels. New approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to remove cellular cholesterol have been assessed for their effect on immune cells, and the results have suggested that this could be a new effective approach. SUMMARY Cholesterol removal from plasma membrane by different means affects the activity of immune cells, suggesting that approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to mobilize cholesterol from cells would represent the next step in HDL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
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28
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Ohtani R, Nirengi S, Nakamura M, Murase N, Sainouchi M, Kuwata Y, Takata M, Masuda Y, Kotani K, Sakane N. High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia)1. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:289-296. [PMID: 30248050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apolipoprotein A-I is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HDL particle size is modified in the presence of pathological conditions, while the significance of the HDL particle size remains controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the HDL lipoprotein subclasses in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 20 AD patients, 17 MCI patients, and 17 age-matched controls without cognitive impairment, selected from the database of the Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia) registry. The diagnoses of AD and MCI were performed by expert neurologists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria. Serum HDL subclasses were measured by electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins using the Lipoprint System. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation, was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. RESULTS Small-sized HDL particle levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than in the control group, although there was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels between MCI and control groups. NLR in the MCI group was higher than in the control group, but this difference was non-significant (p = 0.09). There was no difference in HDL subclasses or NLR between the AD and control groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HDL subclasses might be associated with the development of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagako Murase
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuwata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Masuda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Parvaresh Rizi E, Baig S, Loh TP, Toh SA, Khoo CM, Tai ES. Two-Hour Postprandial Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Differs Between Lean and Obese Individuals. Front Physiol 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31379592 PMCID: PMC6649689 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of lipoprotein particles [high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and chylomicrons] are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have examined these associations in the fasting state. Previous studies have shown lipoprotein particle concentration change following meal, and these changes are different in individuals with obesity. In this study, we aimed to assess whether various meal compositions lead to adverse short-term (2-h) postprandial lipoproteinemia in obese insulin resistant (obese-IR) subjects as compared to lean insulin sensitive (lean-IS) subjects. In a randomized crossover trial, nine lean-IS and nine obese-IR Chinese men aged 22–35 years were challenged with isoenergetic and isovolumic meals rich in protein (HP), fat (HF), or carbohydrate (HC). Plasma samples were collected after a 10-h fast, as well as 1-h and 2-h post-meal and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Plasma concentration of large VLDLs and chylomicron particles was higher and increased more after all meals in obese-IR compared to lean-IS subjects. The HP meal decreased small LDL particle concentration in obese-IR subjects, and increased small HDL particle concentration in all subjects. The HF meal led to a decrease in small HDL concentration in all subjects. In conclusion, obese-IR subjects revealed a detrimental response to meal challenges even as early as 2-h after meal intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Baig
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Coleman MC, Walzem RL, Kieffer AJ, Minamoto T, Suchodolski J, Cohen ND. Novel lipoprotein density profiling in laminitic, obese, and healthy horses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 68:92-99. [PMID: 30927630 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are water-miscible macromolecules enabling the transport of lipids in blood. In humans, altered proportions of lipoproteins are used to detect and classify metabolic diseases. Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are common in horses. The pathophysiology of obesity is poorly understood and likely multifactorial. Development of new diagnostic tests to identify horses at risk of developing obesity to implement preventative measures is critical; however, a necessary first step to accomplish this goal is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare lipoprotein profiles of horses with normal and excess body conditions, with and without laminitis using a novel method of continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP). Comparisons were made between 4 groups of horses: (1) laminitic, obese horses (n = 66); (2) laminitic, nonobese horses (n = 35); (3) nonlaminitic, obese horses (n = 41); and (4) nonlaminitic, nonobese horses (n = 95). Lipoprotein profiling, including evaluation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) was performed using CLPDP, and all 4 groups were compared. A significant difference was observed among groups for the subfractions TRL, LDL1, LDL2, HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a, HDL3b, HDL3c, and total HDL. This is the first known description of CLPDP to characterize equine lipid profiles and holds promise as a useful method for lipid characterization of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - R L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - A J Kieffer
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - T Minamoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - J Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Hernáez Á, Soria-Florido MT, Schröder H, Ros E, Pintó X, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Martínez-González MÁ, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Elosua R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fitó M. Role of HDL function and LDL atherogenicity on cardiovascular risk: A comprehensive examination. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218533. [PMID: 31246976 PMCID: PMC6597156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor. METHODS In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend<0.05, all). After adjusting for the rest of risk factors; 1) type-2 diabetic individuals presented smaller and more oxidized LDLs (P<0.026, all); 2) dyslipidemic participants had smaller HDLs with an impaired capacity to metabolize cholesterol (P<0.035, all); 3) high body mass index values were associated to lower HDL and LDL size and a lower HDL capacity to esterify cholesterol (P<0.037, all); 4) men presented a greater HDL oxidation and lower HDL vasodilatory capacity (P<0.046, all); and 5) greater ages were related to small, oxidized, cytotoxic LDL particles (P<0.037, all). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics-REGICOR Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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32
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Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Biological Consequences of Dysfunctional HDL. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1644-1664. [PMID: 29848265 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180530110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and possess several putative atheroprotective functions, associated to the anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant properties as well as to the ability to support endothelial physiology. The assumption that increasing HDL-C levels would be beneficial on cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, has been questioned as, in most clinical trials, HDL-C-raising therapies did not result in improved cardiovascular outcomes. These findings, together with the observations from Mendelian randomization studies showing that polymorphisms mainly or solely associated with increased HDL-C levels did not decrease the risk of myocardial infarction, shift the focus from HDL-C levels toward HDL functional properties. Indeed, HDL from atherosclerotic patients not only exhibit impaired atheroprotective functions but also acquire pro-atherogenic properties and are referred to as "dysfunctional" HDL; this occurs even in the presence of normal or elevated HDL-C levels. Pharmacological approaches aimed at restoring HDL functions may therefore impact more significantly on CVD outcome than drugs used so far to increase HDL-C levels. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathological conditions leading to the formation of dysfunctional HDL and their role in atherosclerosis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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33
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Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030072. [PMID: 30934586 PMCID: PMC6466575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several risk factors are associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation-end products. Among these risk factors, oxidative stress is the largest contributor to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still difficult, and assays for the measurement of ROS have failed to show a consistent correlation between pathological states and oxidative stress. To solve this problem, this review summarizes the current knowledge on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation, and discusses the roles of oxidative stress, as measured by indices of lipid peroxidation, in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation.
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34
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The Protective Role of Adiponectin for Lipoproteins in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Relationship with Diabetes and Body Mass Index. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3021785. [PMID: 30911344 PMCID: PMC6397972 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3021785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are the main causes of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis. The number and severity of CVD events remain inappropriate and difficult to explain by considering only the classic CVD risk factors. Our aim was to clarify the changes and the relationship of lipoprotein subfractions with other CVD risk factors, namely, body mass index (BMI) and adipokines, inflammation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and the burden of the most prevalent comorbidities, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT). We studied 194 ESRD patients on dialysis and 22 controls; lipid profile, including lipoprotein subpopulations and oxidized LDL (oxLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, leptin, and paraoxonase 1 activity were evaluated. Compared to controls, patients presented significantly lower levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), LDLc, oxLDL, and intermediate and small HDL and higher triglycerides, CRP, adiponectin, large HDL, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein- (IDL) B. Adiponectin levels correlated positively with large HDL and negatively with intermediate and small HDL, oxLDL/LDLc, and BMI; patients with DM (n = 17) and with DM+HT (n = 70), as compared to patients without DM or HT (n = 69) or only with HT (n = 38), presented significantly higher oxLDL, oxLDL/LDLc, and leptin and lower adiponectin. Obese patients (n = 45), as compared to normoponderal patients (n = 81), showed lower HDLc, adiponectin, and large HDL and significantly higher leptin, VLDL, and intermediate and small HDL. In ESRD, the higher adiponectin seems to favor atheroprotective HDL modifications and protect LDL particles from oxidative atherogenic changes. However, in diabetic and obese patients, adiponectin presents the lowest values, oxLDL/LDLc present the highest ones, and the HDL profile is the more atherogenic. Our data suggest that the coexistence of DM and adiposity in ESRD patients on dialysis contributes to a higher CVD risk, as showed by their lipid and adipokine profiles.
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35
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He Y, Kothari V, Bornfeldt KE. High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e10-e16. [PMID: 29367232 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (Y.H., V.K., K.E.B.) and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Vishal Kothari
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (Y.H., V.K., K.E.B.) and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (Y.H., V.K., K.E.B.) and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
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36
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Coimbra S, Reis F, Ferreira C, Nunes S, Viana S, Catarino A, Rocha-Pereira P, Belo L, Monteiro L, Catarino C, Santos-Silva A. Weight loss achieved by bariatric surgery modifies high-density lipoprotein subfractions and low-density lipoprotein oxidation towards atheroprotection. Clin Biochem 2018; 63:46-53. [PMID: 30342017 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Weight loss achieved by laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) induces an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) but a small effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although changes in their quality (size and composition) are uncertain. Our aim was to study the impact of weight loss, achieved 13-months after LAGB, on inflammation and dyslipidemia, focusing on HDL and LDL subfractions, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL). DESIGN & METHODS We evaluated standard lipid profile, HDL and LDL subfractions, oxLDL, interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), in twenty obese patients, before (T0) and 13-months after LAGB (T1), and in seventeen healthy controls. RESULTS At T1, patients showed lower body weight (12% median weight loss) and anthropometric indices; reduction in TG, atherogenic indices, oxLDL, oxLDL/LDL ratio, CRP and IL-6, and enhancement in HDLc; an increase in large HDL and intermediate HDL subfractions, and a decrease in small HDL subfraction; LDL subfractions were not modified. Percentual change (%Δ) of oxLDL, from T0 to T1, correlated significantly and positively with %Δ of small HDL subfraction and with %Δ of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss induced atheroprotective changes on inflammation, and lipid profile, enhancing larger HDL, the more atheroprotective subfraction, reducing the less protective subclass, small HDL, and reducing oxLDL and oxLDL/LDL ratio. Quality of lipoproteins appears useful cardiovascular risk biomarkers, deserving further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Porto; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra-Paredes, Portugal.
| | - Flávio Reis
- iCBR, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- iCBR, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- iCBR, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Catarino
- Hospital da Prelada-Dr. Domingos Braga da Cruz, Porto, Portugal
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Ciências Saúde (CICS), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Monteiro
- Hospital da Prelada-Dr. Domingos Braga da Cruz, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Gebhard C, Rhainds D, He G, Rodés-Cabau J, Lavi S, Spence JD, Title L, Kouz S, L'Allier PL, Grégoire J, Ibrahim R, Cossette M, Guertin MC, Beanlands R, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC. Elevated level of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is associated with reduced coronary atheroma burden. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Ganjali S, Gotto AM, Ruscica M, Atkin SL, Butler AE, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9237-9246. [PMID: 30076716 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and lipid accumulation are two basic hallmarks of atherosclerosis as a chronic disease. Inflammation not only is a local response but can also be considered as a systemic process followed by an elevation of inflammatory mediators. Monocytes are a major source of proinflammatory species during atherogenesis. In atherosclerosis, modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are removed by macrophages; these are recruited in the vessel wall, inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissue. Hence, inflammatory cholesterol ester-loaded plaque is generated. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) exhibits antiatherosclerotic effects by neutralizing the proinflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of monocytes via inhibiting the migration of macrophages and LDL oxidation in addition to the efflux of cholesterol from these cells. Furthermore, HDL plays a role in suppressing the activation of monocytes and proliferation-differentiation of monocyte progenitor cells. Thus, accumulation of monocytes and reduction of HDL-C may participate in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given that the relationship between the high number of monocytes and low HDL-C levels has been reported in inflammatory disorders, this review focused on understanding whether the monocyte-to-HDL ratio could be a convenient marker to predict atherosclerosis development and progression, hallmarks of CV events, instead of the individual monocyte count or HDL-C level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ganjali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alexandra E Butler
- Life Sciences Research Division, Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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39
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Ayhan H, Gormus U, Isbir S, Yilmaz SG, Isbir T. SCARB1 Gene Polymorphisms and HDL Subfractions in Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:873-876. [PMID: 28882953 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Polymorphisms in the SCARB1 gene are known to be related to plasma lipids. PATIENTS AND METHODS Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for identification of SCARB1 polymorphisms and the Lipoprint Quantimetrix System was employed in identification of HDL subfractions. RESULTS According to allelic distribution, in both groups SCARB1 AA genotype led to a two-fold decrease in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (p=0.04), while the GA genotype increased the risk two-fold (p=0.03). According to the HDL subfraction analysis results, the AA genotype had higher levels of big-sized HDL subfraction (p=0.02). CONCLUSION The SCARB1AA genotype decreased cardiovascular risk and carrying GA genotype and G allele increased the risk of CAD. AA genotype carriers had higher levels of big-sized HDL subfraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Ayhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uzay Gormus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Gulec Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Garcia C, Montée N, Faccini J, Series J, Meilhac O, Cantero AV, Le Faouder P, Elbaz M, Payrastre B, Vindis C. Acute coronary syndrome remodels the antiplatelet aggregation properties of HDL particle subclasses. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:933-945. [PMID: 29543379 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Essentials HDL subclasses were studied in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). HDL2 from ACS patients have better antiplatelet potency than HDL from non ACS subjects. ACS remodels the antiplatelet properties of HDL subclasses. Oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids content of HDL is modified by ACS. SUMMARY Background Although HDLs have antithrombotic effects by reducing platelet activation, the relationship between HDL levels and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unclear, as HDL particles are heterogeneous in composition and biological properties. Objective To characterize the effects of HDL2 and HDL3 subclasses from ACS patients and non-coronary artery disease (CAD) subjects on platelet activation. Methods We measured platelet aggregation and ex vivo thrombus formation, analyzed signaling pathways by flow cytometry, and performed a targeted lipidomics analysis on HDL subclasses. Results Analysis of human platelet aggregation in suspension, adhesion on von Willebrand factor and thrombus formation on collagen under arterial shear demonstrated that HDL2 from ACS patients had higher antiplatelet potency than HDL3 from ACS patients and HDL from non-CAD subjects. HDL binding to scavenger receptor class B type I was essential for this effect. A lipidomics analysis revealed that HDL2 from ACS patients had more oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). An inverse correlation between the concentrations of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), the eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid isomers in HDL2 and platelet aggregation was observed. This relationship was further demonstrated by the direct inhibitory effects of 18-HEPE, 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid on collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregation, indicating that oxidized PUFAs contribute to the antithrombotic effect of ACS HDL2. Conclusions Our data shed new light on the antiplatelet effects of HDL subclasses, and suggest physiological adaptation through the modulation of HDL properties in ACS patients that may limit their platelet-dependent thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garcia
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Montée
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMR-1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Université de la Réunion, Saint Denis, France
| | - J Faccini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - J Series
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - O Meilhac
- INSERM, UMR-1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Université de la Réunion, Saint Denis, France
| | - A-V Cantero
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Le Faouder
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, INSERM, UMR-1048, Toulouse, France
| | - M Elbaz
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - B Payrastre
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - C Vindis
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases/I2MC, INSERM, UMR-1048 and University Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
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Ochando J, Braza MS. Nanoparticle-Based Modulation and Monitoring of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1888. [PMID: 29312352 PMCID: PMC5743935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific unresponsiveness while preserving an intact immune function remains difficult to achieve in organ transplantation. Induction of tolerance requires a fine modulation of the interconnected innate and adaptive immune systems. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) predominate during allograft rejection and create a highly inflammatory context where allospecific T cells are primed. Currently, the available protocols to prevent allograft rejection include a cocktail of drugs that are efficient in the short-term, but with severe long-term side effects and considerable toxicity. Consequently, better and less burdensome strategies are needed to promote indefinite allograft survival. Targeted delivery of immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the alloimmune response may address some of these problems. Nanoparticle-based approaches represent a promising strategy to negatively modulate the alloresponse by specifically delivering small compounds to APCs in vivo. Nanoparticles are also used as integrating imaging moieties to monitor inflammation for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, nanotechnology approaches represent an attractive strategy to deliver and monitor the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation with the potential to improve the clinical treatment of transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Immunology Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mounia S Braza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Immunology Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:207. [PMID: 29084567 PMCID: PMC5663054 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem which prevalence is constantly raising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Both diabetes mellitus types (DMT1 and DMT2) are associated with high risk of developing chronic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. METHODS This is a review of available articles concerning HDL subfractions profile in diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. In this review, HDL dysfunction in diabetes, the impact of HDL alterations on the risk diabetes development as well as the association between disturbed HDL particle in DM and cardiovascular risk is discussed. RESULTS Changes in the amount of circulation lipids, including triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as the HDL are frequent also in the course of DMT1 and DMT2. In normal state HDL exerts various antiatherogenic properties, including reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, it has been suggested that in pathological state HDL becomes "dysfunctional" which means that relative composition of lipids and proteins in HDL, as well as enzymatic activities associated to HDL, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 11 (Lp-PLA2) are altered. HDL properties are compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), due to oxidative modification and glycation of the HDL protein as well as the transformation of the HDL proteome into a proinflammatory protein. Numerous studies confirm that the ability of HDL to suppress inflammatory signals is significantly reduced in this group of patients. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remains to be unravelled in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying HDL dysfunction may enable the development of therapies targeted at specific subpopulations and focusing at the diminishing of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Femlak
- 105 Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Żary, Domańskiego 2, 68-200, Żary, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland.
| | | | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland
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Jacobs DM, Smolders L, Lin Y, de Roo N, Trautwein EA, van Duynhoven J, Mensink RP, Plat J, Mihaleva VV. Effect of Theobromine Consumption on Serum Lipoprotein Profiles in Apparently Healthy Humans with Low HDL-Cholesterol Concentrations. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:59. [PMID: 28971099 PMCID: PMC5609577 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Theobromine is a major active compound in cocoa with allegedly beneficial effect on high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CH). We have investigated the effect of theobromine (TB) consumption on the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CH) in various lipoprotein (LP) subclasses. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 44 apparently healthy women and men (age: 60 ± 6 years, BMI: 29 ± 3 kg/m2) with low baseline HDL-CH concentrations consumed a drink supplemented with 500 mg/d theobromine for 4 weeks. TG and CH concentrations in 15 LP subclasses were predicted from diffusion-edited 1H NMR spectra of fasting serum. Results: The LP phenotype of the subjects was characterized by low CH concentrations in the large HDL particles and high TG concentrations in large VLDL and chylomicron (CM) particles, which clearly differed from a LP phenotype of subjects with normal HDL-CH. TB only reduced CH concentrations in the LDL particles by 3.64 and 6.79%, but had no effect on TG and CH in any of the HDL, VLDL and CM subclasses. Conclusion: TB was not effective on HDL-CH in subjects with a LP phenotype characterized by low HDL-CH and high TG in VLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Smolders
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - John van Duynhoven
- Unilever R&DVlaardingen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
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Antioxidative activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL): Mechanistic insights into potential clinical benefit. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 8:66-77. [PMID: 28936395 PMCID: PMC5597817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles by macrophages represents a key step in the development of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the foam cell formation. Chemical modification of LDL is however necessary to induce this process. Proatherogenic LDL modifications include aggregation, enzymatic digestion and oxidation. LDL oxidation by one-electron (free radicals) and two-electron oxidants dramatically increases LDL affinity to macrophage scavenger receptors, leading to rapid LDL uptake and fatty streak formation. Circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, primarily small, dense, protein-rich HDL3, provide potent protection of LDL from oxidative damage by free radicals, resulting in the inhibition of the generation of pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids. HDL-mediated inactivation of lipid hydroperoxides involves their initial transfer from LDL to HDL and subsequent reduction to inactive hydroxides by redox-active Met residues of apolipoprotein A-I. Several HDL-associated enzymes are present at elevated concentrations in HDL3 relative to large, light HDL2 and can be involved in the inactivation of short-chain oxidized phospholipids. Therefore, HDL represents a multimolecular complex capable of acquiring and inactivating proatherogenic lipids. Antioxidative function of HDL can be impaired in several metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Structural and compositional anomalies in the HDL proteome and lipidome underlie such functional deficiency. Concomitant normalization of the metabolism, circulating levels, composition and biological activities of HDL particles, primarily those of small, dense HDL3, can constitute future therapeutic target.
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Alaghehband FR, Lankinen M, Värri M, Sirola J, Kröger H, Erkkilä AT. Dietary fatty acids were not independently associated with lipoprotein subclasses in elderly women. Nutr Res 2017; 43:60-68. [PMID: 28739055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids are known to affect serum lipoproteins; however, little is known about the associations between consumption of dietary fatty acids and lipoprotein subclasses. In this study, we hypothesized that there is an association between dietary fatty acids and lipoprotein subclasses and investigated the cross-sectional association of dietary fat intake with subclasses of lipoproteins in elderly women. Altogether, 547 women (aged ≥65 years) who were part of OSTPRE cohort participated. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food records, lifestyle, and health information obtained through self-administrated questionnaires, and lipoprotein subclasses were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To analyze the associations between fatty acids and lipoprotein subclasses, we used Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test with, adjustment for physical activity, body mass index, age, smoking status, and intake of lipid-lowering drugs. There were significant correlations between saturated fatty acids (SFA; % of energy) and concentrations of large, medium, and small low-density lipoproteins (LDL); total cholesterol in large, medium, and small LDL; and phospholipids in large, medium, and small LDL, after correction for multiple testing. After adjustment for covariates, the higher intake of SFA was associated with smaller size of LDL particles (P = .04, ANCOVA) and lower amount of triglycerides in small very low-density lipoproteins (P = .046, ANCOVA). However, these associations did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, high intake of SFA may be associated with the size of LDL particles, but the results do not support significant, independent associations between dietary fatty acids and lipoprotein subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Värri
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joonas Sirola
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja T Erkkilä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Franco LP, Gonçalves Zardini Silveira A, Sobral de Assis Vasconcelos Lima R, Horst MA, Cominetti C. APOE genotype associates with food consumption and body composition to predict dyslipidaemia in Brazilian adults with normal-weight obesity syndrome. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1722-1727. [PMID: 28720344 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome has been characterized by a normal body mass index and high percentage of body fat. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease development. This study aimed to evaluate whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and food consumption are related to the lipid profiles of adults with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study, including adults with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome. Socioeconomic, health and lifestyle questionnaires were administered. Anthropometric variables, body composition and blood pressure were evaluated. Dietary intake, lipid profile and genotyping of polymorphisms rs7412 and rs429358 in the APOE gene were evaluated. RESULTS Only 6.0% of women and none of the men had increased waist circumference (≥80 cm for women and ≥94 cm for men). No women and 6.2% of men had altered blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg). When the traditional lipid profile was assessed, 52.5% of individuals presented dyslipidaemia. When the levels of apolipoproteins A1 and B were included, the prevalence was 73.0%. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the presence of allele ε2 and apolipoprotein A1 levels (95% CI = 4.2 to 38.3; p = 0.015) and between the ε4 allele and apolipoprotein B (ε4 versus ε2: 95% CI = 0.08 to 29.5; p = 0.049 and ε4 versus ε3: 95% CI = 0.6 to 17.6; p = 0.036). Carriers of the ε2 allele had a 75.0% lower probability of presenting dyslipidaemia compared with ε3ε3 individuals (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.8; p = 0.027). Relationships between body fat, food consumption and lipid profile were observed and differed among genotypes. CONCLUSIONS APOE genotype and food consumption were associated with lipid profile. This was the first study to evaluate the APOE genotype and to analyze relationships between genetic profile, food intake and lipid profile of subjects with Normal-Weight Obesity Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Pacheco Franco
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás. Rua 227, quadra 68 s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-080, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Gonçalves Zardini Silveira
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás. Rua 227, quadra 68 s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-080, Brazil.
| | - Rochelle Sobral de Assis Vasconcelos Lima
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás. Rua 227, quadra 68 s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-080, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás. Rua 227, quadra 68 s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-080, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Cominetti
- Nutritional Genomics Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás. Rua 227, quadra 68 s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-080, Brazil.
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Fonseca MIH, da Silva IT, Ferreira SRG. Impact of menopause and diabetes on atherogenic lipid profile: is it worth to analyse lipoprotein subfractions to assess cardiovascular risk in women? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:22. [PMID: 28405227 PMCID: PMC5384156 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women at advanced age, who are affected a decade later compared to men. Cardiovascular risk factors in women are not properly investigated nor treated and events are frequently lethal. Both menopause and type 2 diabetes substantially increase cardiovascular risk in the female sex, promoting modifications on lipid metabolism and circulating lipoproteins. Lipoprotein subfractions suffer a shift after menopause towards a more atherogenic lipid profile, consisted of hypertriglyceridemia, lower levels of both total high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfraction HDL2, but also higher levels of HDL3 and small low-density lipoprotein particles. This review discusses the impact of diabetes and menopause to the lipid profile, challenges in lipoprotein subfractions determination and their potential contribution to the cardiovascular risk assessment in women. It is still unclear whether lipoprotein subfraction changes are a major driver of cardiometabolic risk and which modifications are predominant. Prospective trials with larger samples, methodological standardizations and pharmacological approaches are needed to clarify the role of lipoprotein subfractions determination on cardiovascular risk prediction and intervention planning in postmenopausal women, with or without DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Izar Helfenstein Fonseca
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Isis Tande da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904 Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246-904 Brazil
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Ito F, Ito T, Suzuki C, Yahata T, Ikeda K, Hamaoka K. The Application of a Modified d-ROMs Test for Measurement of Oxidative Stress and Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020454. [PMID: 28230785 PMCID: PMC5343988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. ROS-derived hydroperoxides, as an indicator of ROS production, have been measured by using the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, which requires iron-containing transferrin in the reaction mixture. In this study we developed a modified d-ROMs test, termed the Fe-ROMs test, where iron ions were exogenously added to the reaction mixture. This modification is expected to exclude the assay variation that comes from different blood iron levels in individuals. In addition, this Fe-ROMs test was helpful for determining the class of plasma lipoproteins that are hydroperoxidized. Low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were purified by use of an LDL/VLDL purification kit and the dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation method, respectively; their hydroperoxide contents were assessed by performing the Fe-ROMs test. The majority of the hydroperoxides were detected only in the HDL fraction, not in the LDL/VLDL. Further detailed analysis of HDLs by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the hydroperoxide-containing molecules were small-sized HDLs. Because HDL was shown to be the principal vehicle for the plasma hydroperoxides, this Fe-ROMs test is a beneficial method for the assessment of oxidized-HDL levels. Indeed, Fe-ROMs levels were strongly associated with the levels of oxidized HDL, which were determined by performing the malondialdehyde-modified HDL enzyme immunoassay. In conclusion, the Fe-ROMs test using plasma itself or the HDL fraction after dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation is useful to assess the functionality of HDL, because the oxidation of HDL impairs its antiatherogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ito
- Institute of Health Sciences, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Chinatsu Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Yahata
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hamaoka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Cartolano FDC, Dias GD, de Freitas MCP, Figueiredo Neto AM, Damasceno NRT. Insulin Resistance Predicts Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Nondiabetic Subjects. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1018796. [PMID: 28913361 PMCID: PMC5585604 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1018796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherogenic diabetes is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in diabetic individuals; however, the impact of insulin resistance (IR) in lipid metabolism in preclinical stages is generally underreported. For that, we evaluated the capacity of IR to predict an atherogenic lipid subfraction profile. METHODS Complete clinical evaluation and biochemical analysis (lipid, glucose profile, LDL, and HDL subfractions and LDL phenotype and size) were performed in 181 patients. The impact of IR as a predictor of atherogenic lipoproteins was tested by logistic regression analysis in raw and adjusted models. RESULTS HDL-C and Apo AI were significantly lower in individuals with IR. Individuals with IR had a higher percentage of small HDL particles, lower percentage in the larger ones, and reduced frequency of phenotype A (IR = 62%; non-IR = 83%). IR individuals had reduced probability to have large HDL (OR = 0.213; CI = 0.999-0.457) and had twice more chances to show increased small HDL (OR = 2.486; CI = 1.341-7.051). IR was a significant predictor of small LDL (OR = 3.075; CI = 1.341-7.051) and atherogenic phenotype (OR = 3.176; CI = 1.469-6.867). CONCLUSION IR, previously DM2 diagnosis, is a strong predictor of quantitative and qualitative features of lipoproteins directly associated with an increased atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia De C. Cartolano
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D. Dias
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C. P. de Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nágila R. T. Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Nágila R. T. Damasceno:
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50
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Nagao Y, Hirayama S, Kon M, Sasamoto K, Sugihara M, Hirayama A, Isshiki M, Seino U, Miyazaki O, Miida T. Current smokers with hyperlipidemia lack elevated preβ1-high-density lipoprotein concentrations. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:242-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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