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Hanscom M, Morales-Soto W, Watts SW, Jackson WF, Gulbransen BD. Innervation of adipocytes is limited in mouse perivascular adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H155-H181. [PMID: 38787382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00041.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular tone by releasing anticontractile factors. These anticontractile factors are driven by processes downstream of adipocyte stimulation by norepinephrine; however, whether norepinephrine originates from neural innervation or other sources is unknown. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that neurons innervating PVAT provide the adrenergic drive to stimulate adipocytes in aortic and mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue (aPVAT and mPVAT), and white adipose tissue (WAT). Healthy male and female mice (8-13 wk) were used in all experiments. Expression of genes associated with synaptic transmission were quantified by qPCR and adipocyte activity in response to neurotransmitters and neuron depolarization was assessed in AdipoqCre+;GCaMP5g-tdTf/WT mice. Immunostaining, tissue clearing, and transgenic reporter lines were used to assess anatomical relationships between nerves and adipocytes. Although synaptic transmission component genes are expressed in adipose tissues (aPVAT, mPVAT, and WAT), strong nerve stimulation with electrical field stimulation does not significantly trigger calcium responses in adipocytes. However, norepinephrine consistently elicits strong calcium responses in adipocytes from all adipose tissues studied. Bethanechol induces minimal adipocyte responses. Imaging neural innervation using various techniques reveals that nerve fibers primarily run alongside blood vessels and rarely branch into the adipose tissue. Although nerve fibers are associated with blood vessels in adipose tissue, they demonstrate limited anatomical and functional interactions with adjacent adipocytes, challenging the concept of classical innervation. These findings dispute the significant involvement of neural input in regulating PVAT adipocyte function and emphasize alternative mechanisms governing adrenergic-driven anticontractile functions of PVAT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study challenges prevailing views on neural innervation in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its role in adrenergic-driven anticontractile effects on vasculature. Contrary to existing paradigms, limited anatomical and functional connections were found between PVAT nerve fibers and adipocytes, underscoring the importance of exploring alternative mechanistic pathways. Understanding the mechanisms involved in PVAT's anticontractile effects is critical for developing potential therapeutic interventions against dysregulated vascular tone, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hanscom
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Wilmarie Morales-Soto
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
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Cai Q, Zhao X, Dong L, Zhang X, Wang C, Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Wang S, Liu L, Hu A. Keeping obesity status is a risk factor of hypertension onset: evidence from a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170334. [PMID: 37181695 PMCID: PMC10173577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate the association of obesity status change with hypertension onset based on a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China. Methods This longitudinal study included 3,581 individuals free of hypertension at baseline in the first survey (2011-2012). All participants were followed up (2018-2019). According to the criteria, a total of 2,618 individuals were collected for analysis. We used adjusted Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate the association between obesity status change and hypertension onset. Additionally, we applied the forest plot to visualize the subgroup analysis including age, gender, and the differences in some variables between baseline and follow-up. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the stability of our results. Results Over nearly 7 years of follow-up, a total of 811 (31%) developed hypertension. The new hypertension incidence was mostly observed in those who were obese all the time (P for trend < 0.01). In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, being obese all the time increased the risk of hypertension by 30.10% [HR 4.01 (95% CI 2.20-7.32)]. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed the change in obesity status as an important feature to predict the occurrence of hypertension. Sensitivity analysis shows a consistent trend between the change in obesity status and hypertension onset in all populations. Subgroup analysis showed that age above 60 years was an important risk factor for hypertension onset, that men were more likely than women to develop hypertension, and that weight control was beneficial in avoiding future hypertension in women. There were statistically significant differences in ΔBMI, ΔSBP, ΔDBP, and ΔbaPWV between the four groups, and all variables, except baPWV changes, increased the risk of future hypertension. Conclusion Our study shows that obese status was notably associated with a significant risk of hypertension onset among the Chinese community-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Cai
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Dong
- Center for Health Care Management, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | | | - Aihua Hu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aihua Hu
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Zhu H, Wang H, Zhu X, Chen Q, Fang X, Xu X, Ping Y, Gao B, Tong G, Ding Y, Chen T, Huang J. The Importance of Integrated Regulation Mechanism of Coronary Microvascular Function for Maintaining the Stability of Coronary Microcirculation: An Easily Overlooked Perspective. Adv Ther 2023; 40:76-101. [PMID: 36279093 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a group of disorders affecting the structure and function of coronary microcirculation and is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. At present, great progress has been made in the diagnosis of CMD, but there is no specific treatment for it because of the complexity of CMD pathogenesis. Vascular dysfunction is one of the important causes of CMD, but previous reviews mostly considered microvascular dysfunction as a whole abnormality so the obtained conclusions are skewed. The coronary microvascular function is co-regulated by multiple mechanisms, and the mechanisms by which microvessels of different luminal diameters are regulated vary. The main purpose of this review is to revisit the mechanisms by which coronary microvessels at different diameters regulate coronary microcirculation through integrated sequential activation and briefly discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment progress of CMD from this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hanxin Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tielong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
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The Vasoactive Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Hydrogen Sulfide in Thoracic Aortas of Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030457. [PMID: 35327649 PMCID: PMC8946625 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the vasoregulatory role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its mutual interaction with endogenous and exogenous H2S in the thoracic aorta (TA) of adult normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In SHRs, hypertension was associated with cardiac hypertrophy and increased contractility. Regardless of the strain, PVAT revealed an anticontractile effect; however, PVAT worsened endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. Since H2S produced by both the vascular wall and PVAT had a pro-contractile effect in SHRs, H2S decreased the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors to noradrenaline in Wistar rats. While H2S had no contribution to endothelium-dependent relaxation in Wistar rats, in SHRs, H2S produced by the vascular wall had a pro-relaxant effect. We observed a larger vasorelaxation induced by exogenous H2S donor in SHRs than in Wistar rats. Additionally, in the presence of PVAT, this effect was potentiated. We demonstrated that PVAT of the TA aggravated endothelial function in SHRs. However, H2S produced by the TA vascular wall had a pro-relaxation effect, and PVAT revealed anti-contractile activity mediated by the release of an unknown factor and potentiated the vasorelaxation induced by exogenous H2S. All these actions could represent a form of compensatory mechanism to balance impaired vascular tone regulation.
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Rendon CJ, Flood E, Thompson JM, Chirivi M, Watts SW, Contreras GA. PIEZO1 mechanoreceptor activation reduces adipogenesis in perivascular adipose tissue preadipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:995499. [PMID: 36120469 PMCID: PMC9471253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.995499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypertension, vascular remodeling allows the blood vessel to withstand mechanical forces induced by high blood pressure (BP). This process is well characterized in the media and intima layers of the vessel but not in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). In PVAT, there is evidence for fibrosis development during hypertension; however, PVAT remodeling is poorly understood. In non-PVAT depots, mechanical forces can affect adipogenesis and lipogenic stages in preadipocytes. In tissues exposed to high magnitudes of pressure like bone, the activation of the mechanosensor PIEZO1 induces differentiation of progenitor cells towards osteogenic lineages. PVAT's anatomical location continuously exposes it to forces generated by blood flow that could affect adipogenesis in normotensive and hypertensive states. In this study, we hypothesize that activation of PIEZO1 reduces adipogenesis in PVAT preadipocytes. The hypothesis was tested using pharmacological and mechanical activation of PIEZO1. Thoracic aorta PVAT (APVAT) was collected from 10-wk old male SD rats (n=15) to harvest preadipocytes that were differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of the PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 (10 µM). Mechanical stretch was applied with the FlexCell System at 12% elongation, half-sine at 1 Hz simultaneously during the 4 d of adipogenesis (MS+, mechanical force applied; MS-, no mechanical force used). Yoda1 reduced adipogenesis by 33% compared with CON and, as expected, increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ flux. MS+ reduced adipogenesis efficiency compared with MS-. When Piezo1 expression was blocked with siRNA [siPiezo1; NC=non-coding siRNA], the anti-adipogenic effect of Yoda1 was reversed in siPiezo1 cells but not in NC; in contrast, siPiezo1 did not alter the inhibitory effect of MS+ on adipogenesis. These data demonstrate that PIEZO1 activation in PVAT reduces adipogenesis and lipogenesis and provides initial evidence for an adaptive response to excessive mechanical forces in PVAT during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Javier Rendon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: C. Javier Rendon,
| | - Emma Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Janice M. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie W. Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - G. Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Molcan L, Maier A, Zemančíková A, Gelles K, Török J, Zeman M, Ellinger I. Expression of Melatonin Receptor 1 in Rat Mesenteric Artery and Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vasoactive Action of Melatonin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1589-1598. [PMID: 32734322 PMCID: PMC8408066 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is released by the pineal gland and can modulate cardiovascular system function via the G protein-coupled melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2. Most vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which affects their contractility. The aim of our study was to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of MT1 and MT2 in the mesenteric artery (MA) and associated PVAT of male rats by RT-PCR and Western blot. Receptor localization was further studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Effects of melatonin on neurogenic contractions were explored in isolated superior MA ex vivo by measurement of isometric contractile tension. MT1, but not MT2, was present in MA, and MT1 was localized mainly in vascular smooth muscle. Moreover, we proved the presence of MT1, but not MT2 receptors, in MA-associated PVAT. In isolated superior MA with intact PVAT, neuro-adrenergic contractile responses were significantly smaller when compared to arteries with removed PVAT. Pre-treatment with melatonin of PVAT-stripped arterial rings enhanced neurogenic contractions, while the potentiating effect of melatonin was not detected in preparations with preserved PVAT. We hypothesize that melatonin can stimulate the release of PVAT-derived relaxing factor(s) via MT1, which can override the direct pro-contractile effect of melatonin on vascular smooth muscle. Our results suggest that melatonin is involved in the control of vascular tone in a complex way, which is vessel specific and can reflect a sum of action on different layers of the vessel wall and surrounding PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Maier
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Zemančíková
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Török
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Souza-Paula E, Polonio LCC, Zochio GP, da Silva KP, Kushima H, Dias-Junior CA. Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue But Not of Endothelium Is Enhanced by Hydrogen Sulfide Stimulation in Hypertensive Pregnant Rat Aortae. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:715-729. [PMID: 32976209 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) modulates the vascular tone. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is synthetized by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) in brown PVAT. Modulation of vascular contractility by H2S is, in part, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels dependent. However, the role of PVAT-derived H2S in hypertensive pregnancy (HTN-Preg) is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the involvement of H2S in the anticontractile effect of PVAT in aortae from normotensive and hypertensive pregnant rats. To this end, phenylephrine-induced contractions in the presence and absence of PVAT and endothelium in aortae from normotensive pregnant (Norm-Preg) and HTN-Preg rats were investigated. Maternal blood pressure, fetal-placental parameters, angiogenesis-related biomarkers, and H2S levels were also assessed. We found that circulating H2S is elevated in hypertensive pregnancy associated with angiogenic imbalance, fetal and placental growth restrictions, which revealed that there is H2S pathway activation. Moreover, under stimulated H2S formation PVAT, but not endothelium, reduced phenylephrine-induced contractions in aortae from HTN-Preg rats. Also, H2S synthesis inhibitor abolished anticontractile effects of PVAT and endothelium. Furthermore, anticontractile effect of PVAT, but not of endothelium, was eliminated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels blocker. In accordance, increases in H2S levels in PVAT and placenta, but not in aortae without PVAT, were also observed. In conclusion, anticontractile effect of PVAT is lost, at least in part, in HTN-Preg aortae and PVAT effect is ATP-sensitive potassium channels dependent in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant rat aortae. PVAT but not endothelium is responsive to the H2S stimulation in hypertensive pregnant rat aortae, implying a key role for PVAT-derived H2S under endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edileia Souza-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bercea CI, Cottrell GS, Tamagnini F, McNeish AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypertension: a review of vasodilatory mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:860-877. [PMID: 33283269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is often characterised by impaired vasodilation involving dysfunction of multiple vasodilatory mechanisms. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can reduce blood pressure and vasodilation. In the endothelium, DHA and EPA improve function including increased NO bioavailability. However, animal studies show that DHA- and EPA-mediated vasodilation persists after endothelial removal, indicating a role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The vasodilatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs on VSMCs are mediated via opening of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa ), ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) and possibly members of the Kv 7 family of voltage-activated potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarisation and relaxation. ω-3 PUFA actions on BKCa and voltage-gated ion channels involve electrostatic interactions that are dependent on the polyunsaturated acyl tail, cis-geometry of these double bonds and negative charge of the carboxyl headgroup. This suggests structural manipulation of ω-3 PUFA could generate novel, targeted, therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Ioana Bercea
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alister J McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Chen Y, Qin Z, Wang Y, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Role of Inflammation in Vascular Disease-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710842. [PMID: 34456867 PMCID: PMC8385491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue around most blood vessels throughout the body. It provides mechanical support and maintains vascular homeostasis in a paracrine/endocrine manner. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has anti-inflammatory effects, improves free fatty acid metabolism, and regulates vasodilation. In pathological conditions, PVAT is dysfunctional, secretes many anti-vasodilator factors, and participates in vascular inflammation through various cells and mediators; thus, it causes dysfunction involving vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Inflammation is an important pathophysiological event in many vascular diseases, such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Therefore, the pro-inflammatory crosstalk between PVAT and blood vessels may comprise a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. In this review, we summarize findings concerning PVAT function and inflammation in different pathophysiological backgrounds, focusing on the secretory functions of PVAT and the crosstalk between PVAT and vascular inflammation in terms of vascular aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. We also discuss anti-inflammatory treatment for potential vascular diseases involving PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhi Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
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Flood ED, Watts SW. Endogenous Chemerin from PVAT Amplifies Electrical Field-Stimulated Arterial Contraction: Use of the Chemerin Knockout Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176392. [PMID: 32887510 PMCID: PMC7503709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously reported that the adipokine chemerin, when added exogenously to the isolated rat mesenteric artery, amplified electrical field-stimulated (EFS) contraction. The Chemerin1 antagonist CCX832 alone inhibited EFS-induced contraction in tissues with but not without perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). These data suggested indirectly that chemerin itself, presumably from the PVAT, facilitated EFS-induced contraction. We created the chemerin KO rat and now test the focused hypothesis that endogenous chemerin amplifies EFS-induced arterial contraction. Methods: The superior mesenteric artery +PVAT from global chemerin WT and KO female rats, with endothelium and sympathetic nerve intact, were mounted into isolated tissue baths for isometric and EFS-induced contraction. Results: CCX832 reduced EFS (2-20 Hz)-induced contraction in tissues from the WT but not KO rats. Consistent with this finding, the magnitude of EFS-induced contraction was lower in the tissues from the KO vs. WT rats, yet the maximum response to the adrenergic stimulus PE was not different among all tissues. Conclusion: These studies support that endogenous chemerin modifies sympathetic nerve-mediated contraction through Chemerin1, an important finding relative in understanding chemerin's role in control of blood pressure.
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Chen G, Du J, Jin H, Huang Y. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32974246 PMCID: PMC7468430 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), characterized by chronic (≥6 months) orthostatic intolerance symptoms with a sustained and excessive heart rate increase while standing without postural hypotension, is common in children and adolescents. Despite the unclear pathogenesis of POTS, the present opinion is that POTS is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder that includes altered central blood volume, abnormal autonomic reflexes, "hyperadrenergic" status, damaged skeletal muscle pump activity, abnormal local vascular tension and vasoactive factor release, mast cell activation, iron insufficiency, and autoimmune dysfunction. A number of pediatric POTS patients are affected by more than one of these pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, individualized treatment strategies are initiated in the management of POTS, including basal non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., health education, the avoidance of triggers, exercise, or supplementation with water and salt) and special pharmacological therapies (e.g., oral rehydration salts, midodrine hydrochloride, and metoprolol). As such, the recent progress in the pathogenesis, management strategies, and therapeutic response predictors of pediatric POTS are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, The Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Samuel O O. Review on multifaceted involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107259. [PMID: 32692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat tissue deposit that encircles the vasculature. PVAT is traditionally known to protect the vasculature from external stimuli that could cause biological stress. In addition to the protective role of PVAT, it secretes certain biologically active substances known as adipokines that induce paracrine effects on proximate blood vessels. These adipokines influence vascular tones. There are different types of PVAT and they are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These are the white and brown PVATs. Under certain conditions, white PVAT could undergo phenotypic switch to attain a brown PVAT-like phenotype. This type of PVAT is referred to as Beige PVAT. The morphology of adipose tissue is influenced by species, age, and sex. These factors play significant roles in adipose tissue mass, functionality, paracrine activity, and predisposition to vascular diseases. The difficulty that is currently experienced in extrapolating animal models to human physiology could be traceable to these factors. Up till now, the involvement of PVAT in the development of vascular pathology is still not well understood. Brown and white PVAT contribute differently to vascular pathology. Thus, the PVAT could be a therapeutic target in curbing certain vascular diseases. In this review, knowledge would be updated on the multifaceted involvement of PVAT in vascular pathology and also explore its vascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapoju Samuel O
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Chen YQ, Pottanat TG, Siegel RW, Ehsani M, Qian YW, Zhen EY, Regmi A, Roell WC, Guo H, Luo MJ, Gimeno RE, Van't Hooft F, Konrad RJ. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 differentially regulates ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 during postprandial partitioning of fatty acids. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1203-1220. [PMID: 32487544 PMCID: PMC7397750 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)8 has been implicated in metabolic syndrome and reported to regulate adipose FA uptake through unknown mechanisms. Here, we studied how complex formation of ANGPTL8 with ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4 varies with feeding to regulate LPL. In human serum, ANGPTL3/8 and ANGPTL4/8 complexes both increased postprandially, correlated negatively with HDL, and correlated positively with all other metabolic syndrome markers. ANGPTL3/8 also correlated positively with LDL-C and blocked LPL-facilitated hepatocyte VLDL-C uptake. LPL-inhibitory activity of ANGPTL3/8 was >100-fold more potent than that of ANGPTL3, and LPL-inhibitory activity of ANGPTL4/8 was >100-fold less potent than that of ANGPTL4. Quantitative analyses of inhibitory activities and competition experiments among the complexes suggested a model in which localized ANGPTL4/8 blocks the LPL-inhibitory activity of both circulating ANGPTL3/8 and localized ANGPTL4, allowing lipid sequestration into fat rather than muscle during the fed state. Supporting this model, insulin increased ANGPTL3/8 secretion from hepatocytes and ANGPTL4/8 secretion from adipocytes. These results suggest that low ANGPTL8 levels during fasting enable ANGPTL4-mediated LPL inhibition in fat tissue to minimize adipose FA uptake. During feeding, increased ANGPTL8 increases ANGPTL3 inhibition of LPL in muscle via circulating ANGPTL3/8, while decreasing ANGPTL4 inhibition of LPL in adipose tissue through localized ANGPTL4/8, thereby increasing FA uptake into adipose tissue. Excessive caloric intake may shift this system toward the latter conditions, possibly predisposing to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Q Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas G Pottanat
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Robert W Siegel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mariam Ehsani
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yue-Wei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Eugene Y Zhen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ajit Regmi
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William C Roell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Haihong Guo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - M Jane Luo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ruth E Gimeno
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ferdinand Van't Hooft
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert J Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
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Zhu L, Yang B, Ma D, Wang L, Duan W. Hydrogen Sulfide, Adipose Tissue and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1873-1886. [PMID: 32581562 PMCID: PMC7276333 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s249605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now increasingly considered to be the third gasotransmitter alongside other gaseous signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S is produced by a variety of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and acts as a modulator of the physiological and pathological events of the body. Adipocytes express the cystathionine γ lyase (CSE)/H2S system, which modulates a variety of biological activities in adipose tissue (AT), including inflammation, apoptosis, insulin resistance, adipokine secretion and adipocyte differentiation. Abnormalities in the physiological functions of AT play an important role in the process of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the general aspects of H2S biochemistry, the effect of H2S on AT function and diabetes mellitus and its molecular signalling mechanisms as well as the potential application of H2S in pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wu Duan Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan250012, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86-531-8692-7544 Email
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Uchio R, Muroyama K, Okuda-Hanafusa C, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto Y, Murosaki S. Hot Water Extract of Curcuma longa L. Improves Serum Inflammatory Markers and General Health in Subjects with Overweight or Prehypertension/Mild Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081822. [PMID: 31394768 PMCID: PMC6723939 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of a hot water extract of C. longa L. (WEC) containing anti-inflammatory agents, bisacurone, and turmeronol on chronic inflammation, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in middle-aged and elderly subjects aged 50–69 years with overweight or prehypertension/mild hypertension. The subjects consumed 900 mg WEC tablets, containing 400 μg bisacurone, 80 μg turmeronol A and 20 μg turmeronol B (WEC group: n = 45), or placebo tablets without WEC (placebo group: n = 45) daily for 12 weeks. Serum inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured. The subjects also completed the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and the Profile of Mood States scale (POMS). In the WEC group, the serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 decreased significantly. Compared with the placebo group, the WEC group had significantly lower serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides, as well as higher serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The WEC group also showed significant improvement of SF-36 scores (for general health, vitality, mental health, and mental summary component) and POMS scores for positive mood states (vigor-activity and friendliness). In conclusion, WEC may ameliorate chronic low-grade inflammation, thus contributing to the improvement of associated metabolic disorders and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Uchio
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Muroyama
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Okuda-Hanafusa
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
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Resistin Mediates Sex-Dependent Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Vascular Function in the Shrsp. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6897. [PMID: 31053755 PMCID: PMC6499830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal women are relatively protected from developing hypertension compared to men. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to mediate vasoactive effects; however, a sex-dependent difference in PVAT function in the setting of hypertension has not yet been explored. We investigated the effect of PVAT on resistance vessel biology in male and female 16 week old stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). This preclinical model of hypertension exhibits a sex-dependent difference in the development of hypertension similar to humans. Wire myography was used to assess vascular function in third-order mesenteric arteries. KATP channel-mediated vasorelaxation by cromakalim was significantly impaired in vessels from SHRSP males + PVAT relative to females (maximum relaxation: male + PVAT 46.9 ± 3.9% vs. female + PVAT 97.3 ± 2.7%). A cross-over study assessing the function of male PVAT on female vessels confirmed the reduced vasorelaxation response to cromakalim associated with male PVAT (maximum relaxation: female + PVATfemale90.6 ± 1.4% vs. female + PVATmale65.8 ± 3.5%). In order to explore the sex-dependent differences in PVAT at a molecular level, an adipokine array and subsequent western blot validation identified resistin expression to be increased approximately 2-fold in PVAT from male SHRSP vessels. Further wire myography experiments showed that pre-incubation with resistin (40 ng/ml) significantly impaired the ability of female + PVAT vessels to relax in response to cromakalim (maximum relaxation: female + PVAT 97.3 ± 0.9% vs. female + PVAT + resistin[40ng/ml]36.8 ± 2.3%). These findings indicate a novel role for resistin in mediating sex-dependent vascular function in hypertension through a KATP channel-mediated mechanism.
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Teliewubai J, Bai B, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Yu S, Chi C, Li J, Blacher J, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Association of asymptomatic target organ damage with secreted frizzled related protein 5 in the elderly: the Northern Shanghai Study. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:389-395. [PMID: 29551893 PMCID: PMC5844256 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s155514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5) is a novel anti-inflammatory adipokine that is implicated in metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about the relevance of SFRP5 with asymptomatic hypertensive target organ damages (TODs). We aimed to investigate the association between SFRP5 and TOD in a large population. Clinical trial registration NCT02368938. Methods A total of 1,745 community-dwelling elderly subjects aged over 65 years from northern Shanghai were recruited in the study. Plasma SFRP5 level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Asymptomatic TODs, including left ventricular mass index, peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity, carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin–creatinine ratio were evaluated. Results Plasma SFRP5 level was negatively associated with body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and fasting blood glucose (all P<0.001). Men, compared with women, had lower plasma SFRP5 level (4.19 vs 5.13 ng/mL, P<0.001). Additionally, plasma SFRP5 level was lower in diabetics than in those without diabetes (4.30 vs 4.81 ng/mL, P<0.05). Furthermore, an inverse association was observed between SFRP5 and PWV and CIMT (both P<0.05). Lastly, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower SFRP5 level was significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness in the elderly (odds ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.99 per 1 standard deviation increase, P<0.05). Conclusion Plasma SFRP5 level was inversely correlated with conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and low plasma SFRP5 was also significantly associated with arterial stiffening in the elderly Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadela Teliewubai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikai Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Li
- The Research Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacques Blacher
- AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vascular dysfunction in obese diabetic db/db mice involves the interplay between aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor and Rho kinase signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2952. [PMID: 29440699 PMCID: PMC5811612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) has been implicated in vascular dysfunction of diabetes. Underlying mechanisms are elusive. Therefore, we investigated the role of Rho kinase (ROCK) in aldosterone/MR signaling and vascular dysfunction in a model of diabetes. Diabetic obese mice (db/db) and control counterparts (db/+) were treated with MR antagonist (MRA, potassium canrenoate, 30 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) or ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (30 mg/kg/day, 3 weeks). Plasma aldosterone was increased in db/db versus db/+. This was associated with enhanced vascular MR signaling. Norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction was increased in arteries from db/db mice. These responses were attenuated in mice treated with canrenoate or fasudil. Db/db mice displayed hypertrophic remodeling and increased arterial stiffness, improved by MR blockade. Vascular calcium sensitivity was similar between depolarized arteries from db/+ and db/db. Vascular hypercontractility in db/db mice was associated with increased myosin light chain phosphorylation and reduced expression of PKG-1α. Vascular RhoA/ROCK signaling and expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were exaggerated in db/db mice, effects that were attenuated by MRA. Fasudil, but not MRA, improved vascular insulin sensitivity in db/db mice, evidenced by normalization of Irs1 phosphorylation. Our data identify novel pathways involving MR-RhoA/ROCK-PKG-1 that underlie vascular dysfunction and injury in diabetic mice.
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Tran KV, Fitzgibbons T, Min SY, DeSouza T, Corvera S. Distinct adipocyte progenitor cells are associated with regional phenotypes of perivascular aortic fat in mice. Mol Metab 2018; 9:199-206. [PMID: 29396370 PMCID: PMC5869733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Perivascular adipose tissue depots around the aorta are regionally distinct and have specific functional properties. Thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) expresses higher levels of thermogenic genes and lower levels of inflammatory genes than abdominal aorta perivascular adipose tissue (aPVAT). It is not known whether this distinction is due to the in-vivo functional environment or to cell-autonomous traits that persist outside the in-vivo setting. In this study, we asked whether the progenitor cells in tPVAT and aPVAT have cell-autonomous traits that lead to formation of regionally distinct PVAT. Methods We performed microarray analysis of thoracic and abdominal peri-aortic adipose tissues of C57Bl/6J mice to define gene expression profile of each depot. To derive adipocyte progenitor cells, C57Bl/6J mice were sacrificed and thoracic and abdominal aorta fragments were embedded in Matrigel and cultured under pro-angiogenic conditions. Adipogenesis was induced using the Ppar-γ agonist rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD). TZD-induced adipocyte populations were analyzed using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. Results Microarray analysis showed that tPVAT expressed higher levels of transcription factors related brown adipose tissue development compared to aPVAT. Classic brown adipose tissue (BAT) genes such as Ucp-1, Prdm16, Dio2, Slc27a displayed a concordant trend of higher level expression in tPVAT, while white adipose tissue (WAT) genes such as Hoxc8, Nnat, Sncg, and Mest were expressed at a higher level in aPVAT. The adipokines resistin and retinol binding protein 4 were also higher in aPVAT. Furthermore, adipocyte progenitors from abdominal and thoracic aortic rings responded to TZD with expression of canonical adipocyte genes Acrp30, Plin1, and Glut4. Adipocytes differentiated from thoracic aorta progenitors displayed markedly higher induction of Ucp-1 and Cidea. Conclusions Thoracic aorta PVAT expresses higher levels of brown adipocyte transcription factors than aPVAT. Precursor cells from the thoracic aorta give rise to adipocytes that express significantly higher levels of Ucp-1 and Cidea ex vivo, suggesting that progenitor cells in tPVAT and aPVAT have cell-autonomous properties that dictate adipocyte phenotype. Brown fat transcription factors are differentially expressed PVAT. Thoracic PVAT progenitors give rise to more thermogenic adipocytes. PVAT progenitors have cell-autonomous properties that dictate adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh-Van Tran
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Timothy Fitzgibbons
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - So Yun Min
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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da Costa RM, Fais RS, Dechandt CRP, Louzada-Junior P, Alberici LC, Lobato NS, Tostes RC. Increased mitochondrial ROS generation mediates the loss of the anti-contractile effects of perivascular adipose tissue in high-fat diet obese mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3527-3541. [PMID: 27930804 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Obesity is associated with structural and functional changes in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), favouring release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory factors. The cytokine TNF-α induces vascular dysfunction and is produced by PVAT. We tested the hypothesis that obesity-associated PVAT dysfunction was mediated by augmented mitochondrial ROS (mROS) generation due to increased TNF-α production in this tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57Bl/6J and TNF-α receptor-deficient mice received control or high fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks. We used pharmacological tools to determine the participation of mROS in PVAT dysfunction. Superoxide anion (O2.- ) and H2 O2 were assayed in PVAT and aortic rings were used to assess vascular function. KEY RESULTS Aortae from HFD-fed obese mice displayed increased contractions to phenylephrine and loss of PVAT anti-contractile effect. Inactivation of O2.- , dismutation of mitochondria-derived H2 O2 , uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and Rho kinase inhibition, decreased phenylephrine-induced contractions in aortae with PVAT from HFD-fed mice. O2.- and H2 O2 were increased in PVAT from HFD-fed mice. Mitochondrial respiration analysis revealed decreased O2 consumption rates in PVAT from HFD-fed mice. TNF-α inhibition reduced H2 O2 levels in PVAT from HFD-fed mice. PVAT dysfunction, i.e. increased contraction to phenylephrine in PVAT-intact aortae, was not observed in HFD-obese mice lacking TNF-α receptors. Generation of H2 O2 was prevented in PVAT from TNF-α receptor deficient obese mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TNF-α-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress is a key and novel mechanism involved in obesity-associated PVAT dysfunction. These findings elucidate molecular mechanisms whereby oxidative stress in PVAT could affect vascular function. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Fais
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Núbia S Lobato
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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22
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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23
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Abstract
Chronic inflammatory state in obesity causes dysregulation of the endocrine and paracrine actions of adipocyte-derived factors, which disrupt vascular homeostasis and contribute to endothelial vasodilator dysfunction and subsequent hypertension. While normal healthy perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) ensures the dilation of blood vessels, obesity-associated PVAT leads to a change in profile of the released adipo-cytokines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect. Adipose tissue inflammation, nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability, insulin resistance and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are main participating factors in endothelial dysfunction of obesity. In this chapter, disruption of inter-endothelial junctions between endothelial cells, significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation mediators, which are originated from inflamed endothelial cells, the balance between NO synthesis and ROS , insulin signaling and NO production, and decrease in L-arginine/endogenous asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) ratio are discussed in connection with endothelial dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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24
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Akoumianakis I, Tarun A, Antoniades C. Perivascular adipose tissue as a regulator of vascular disease pathogenesis: identifying novel therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3411-3424. [PMID: 27976387 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an active endocrine organ with the ability to dynamically secrete a wide range of adipocytokines. Importantly, its secretory profile is altered in various cardiovascular disease states. AT surrounding vessels, or perivascular AT (PVAT), is recognized in particular as an important local regulator of vascular function and dysfunction. Specifically, PVAT has the ability to sense vascular paracrine signals and respond by secreting a variety of vasoactive adipocytokines. Due to the crucial role of PVAT in regulating many aspects of vascular biology, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease pathogenesis. Signalling pathways in PVAT, such as those using adiponectin, H2 S, glucagon-like peptide 1 or pro-inflammatory cytokines, are among the potential novel pharmacological therapeutic targets of PVAT. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Akansha Tarun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
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25
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Emilova R, Dimitrova DZ, Mladenov M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Daneva T, Padeshki P, Schubert R, Chichova M, Lubomirov L, Simeonovska-Nikolova D, Gagov H. Diabetes converts arterial regulation by perivascular adipose tissue from relaxation into H(2)O(2)-mediated contraction. Physiol Res 2016; 65:799-807. [PMID: 27429118 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the reason for the increased force of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of endothelium-denuded skeletal muscle arteries of diabetic rats in the presence of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Our data on rat gracilis arteries show that i) PVAT of skeletal muscle arteries of healthy and diabetic rats releases hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), ii) higher concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine increase the production of H(2)O(2) in PVAT; iii) an enhanced PVAT production of H(2)O(2) is the main, if not the only, reason for the sensitization of arterial contraction to 5-hydroxytriptamine-induced contraction in diabetes and iv) endothelium antagonizes the effect of PVAT-derived H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emilova
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Paediatric Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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26
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Victorio JA, Fontes MT, Rossoni LV, Davel AP. Different Anti-Contractile Function and Nitric Oxide Production of Thoracic and Abdominal Perivascular Adipose Tissues. Front Physiol 2016; 7:295. [PMID: 27462277 PMCID: PMC4940415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent phenotypes between the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding the abdominal and the thoracic aorta might be implicated in regional aortic differences, such as susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Although PVAT of the thoracic aorta exhibits anti-contractile function, the role of PVAT in the regulation of the vascular tone of the abdominal aorta is not well defined. In the present study, we compared the anti-contractile function, nitric oxide (NO) availability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in PVAT and vessel walls of abdominal and thoracic aorta. Abdominal and thoracic aortic tissue from male Wistar rats were used to perform functional and molecular experiments. PVAT reduced the contraction evoked by phenylephrine in the absence and presence of endothelium in the thoracic aorta, whereas this anti-contractile effect was not observed in the abdominal aorta. Abdominal PVAT exhibited a reduction in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression compared with thoracic PVAT, without differences in eNOS expression in the vessel walls. In agreement with this result, NO production evaluated in situ using 4,5-diaminofluorescein was less pronounced in abdominal compared with thoracic aortic PVAT, whereas no significant difference was observed for endothelial NO production. Moreover, NOS inhibition with L-NAME enhanced the phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelial-denuded rings with PVAT from thoracic but not abdominal aorta. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation products evaluated through the quantification of hydroethidine fluorescence and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts, respectively, were similar between PVAT and vessel walls from the abdominal and thoracic aorta. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression was similar between the vessel walls and PVAT of the abdominal and thoracic aorta. However, Mn-SOD levels were reduced, while CuZn-SOD levels were increased in abdominal PVAT compared with thoracic aortic PVAT. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the anti-contractile function of PVAT is lost in the abdominal portion of the aorta through a reduction in eNOS-derived NO production compared with the thoracic aorta. Although relative SOD isoforms are different along the aorta, ROS formation, and lipid peroxidation seem to be similar. These findings highlight the specific regional roles of PVAT depots in the control of vascular function that can drive differences in susceptibility to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil
| | - Milene T Fontes
- Vascular Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Rossoni
- Vascular Physiology Lab, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil
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Chen Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu K, Huang F, Liu B, Kou J. Diosgenin regulates adipokine expression in perivascular adipose tissue and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via regulation of AMPK. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:155-65. [PMID: 26277096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been recognized as an active contributor to vascular function due to its paracrine effects on cells contained within vascular wall. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of diosgenin on adipokine expression in PVAT with emphasis on the regulation of endothelial function. Palmitic acid (PA) stimulation induced inflammation and dysregulation of adipokine expression in PVAT. Diosgenin treatment inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation and downregulated mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines/proteins including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while reduced gene expressions for adiponectin, PPARγ, and arginase 1 (Arg-1) were reversed by diosgenin treatment. Diosgenin enhanced AMPK phosphorylation under basal and inflammatory conditions in PVAT, whereas knockdown of AMPK by SiRNA diminished its modulatory effect, indicating that diosgenin inhibited inflammation in an AMPK-dependent manner. We prepared conditioned medium from PA-stimulated PVAT to induce endothelial dysfunction and found that pre-treatment of PVAT with diosgenin effectively restored the loss of ACh-induced vasodilation and increased eNOS phosphorylation in rat aorta. High-fat diet feeding in rats induced inflammation in PVAT and the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, whereas these alterations were prevented by oral administration of diosgenin at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. In conclusion, the obtained data showed that diosgenin ameliorated inflammation-associated adipokine dysregulation, and thereby prevented endothelial dysfunction. Our findings would shed a novel insight into the potential mechanism by which diosgenin protected endothelial function against inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoshan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Junping Kou
- National Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Viticchi G, Falsetti L, Buratti L, Luzzi S, Bartolini M, Acciarri MC, Provinciali L, Silvestrini M. Metabolic syndrome and cerebrovascular impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:1164-70. [PMID: 25754252 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MeS) has inconstantly been associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MeS on cerebrovascular reactivity and the possible consequences on cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 162 AD patients were enrolled and grouped depending on the presence/absence of MeS. An ultrasound assessment of the neck vessels was performed to evaluate common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Cerebral hemodynamics was assessed by the transcranial Doppler-based breath-holding index (BHI) test. The relationship between BHI and MeS was explored first with a nested binary logistic model and then with a general linear model/adjusted model. Both models were corrected for sex, age, education, BMI, smoking attitude, and IMT treated as covariates. RESULTS Pathologic BHI values were significantly more frequent among patients with MeS (risk ratio (RR):1.477; 95% CI: 1.177-1.848). MeS significantly improved the prediction of a pathologic BHI in the binary logistic model (odds ratio (OR):11.64; 95% CI: 1.001-135.304; p < 0.05). Moreover, AD patients affected by MeS had significantly lower mean Mini-Mental State Evaluation values than the unaffected ones (16.06; 95% CI: 14.96-17.15 vs 17.79; 95% CI: 17.05-18.53; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our data show an association between the presence of MeS and cerebral hemodynamics. The possibility that a cluster of potentially treatable vascular risk factors may influence AD patients' prognosis deserves consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Viticchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Buratti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Luzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Acciarri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leandro Provinciali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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29
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Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Chaldakov GN, Fiore M, Ghenev PI, Beltowski J, Ranćić G, Tunçel N, Aloe L. Triactome: neuro-immune-adipose interactions. Implication in vascular biology. Front Immunol 2014; 5:130. [PMID: 24782857 PMCID: PMC3986561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the precise interactions of nerves, immune cells, and adipose tissue account for cardiovascular and metabolic biology is a central aim of biomedical research at present. A long standing paradigm holds that the vascular wall is composed of three concentric tissue coats (tunicae): intima, media, and adventitia. However, large- and medium-sized arteries, where usually atherosclerotic lesions develop, are consistently surrounded by periadventitial adipose tissue (PAAT), we recently designated tunica adiposa (in brief, adiposa like intima, media, and adventitia). Today, atherosclerosis is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disease featured by endothelial dysfunction/intimal thickening, medial atrophy, and adventitial lesions associated with adipose dysfunction, whereas hypertension is characterized by hyperinnervation-associated medial thickening due to smooth muscle cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia. PAAT expansion is associated with increased infiltration of immune cells, both adipocytes and immunocytes secreting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (metabotrophic) signaling proteins collectively dubbed adipokines. However, the role of vascular nerves and their interactions with immune cells and paracrine adipose tissue is not yet evaluated in such an integrated way. The present review attempts to briefly highlight the findings in basic and translational sciences in this area focusing on neuro-immune-adipose interactions, herein referred to as triactome. Triactome-targeted pharmacology may provide a novel therapeutic approach in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nikov Chaldakov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter I. Ghenev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Jerzy Beltowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Gorana Ranćić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University Medical Faculty, Niš, Serbia
| | - Neşe Tunçel
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Eskişehir University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Luigi Aloe
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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