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Chiou JS, Lin YJ, Chang CYY, Liang WM, Liu TY, Yang JS, Chou CH, Lu HF, Chiu ML, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Chou IC, Li TM, Huang PY, Chien TS, Chen HR, Tsai FJ. Menarche-a journey into womanhood: age at menarche and health-related outcomes in East Asians. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1336-1350. [PMID: 38527428 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there associations of age at menarche (AAM) with health-related outcomes in East Asians? SUMMARY ANSWER AAM is associated with osteoporosis, Type 2 diabetes (T2D), glaucoma, and uterine fibroids, as demonstrated through observational studies, polygenic risk scores, genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR), with additional findings indicating a causal effect of BMI and T2D on earlier AAM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Puberty timing is linked to adult disease risk, but research predominantly focuses on European populations, with limited studies in other groups. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed an AAM genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 57 890 Han Taiwanese females and examined the association between AAM and 154 disease outcomes using the Taiwanese database. Additionally, we examined genetic correlations between AAM and 113 diseases and 67 phenotypes using Japanese GWAS summary statistics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed AAM GWAS and gene-based GWAS studies to obtain summary statistics and identify potential AAM-related genes. We applied phenotype, polygenic risk scores, and genetic correlation analyses of AAM to explore health-related outcomes, using multivariate regression and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses. We also explored potential bidirectional causal relationships between AAM and related outcomes through univariable and multivariable MR analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fifteen lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 24 distinct genes were associated with AAM in Taiwan. AAM was genetically associated with later menarche and menopause, greater height, increased osteoporosis risk, but lower BMI, and reduced risks of T2D, glaucoma, and uterine fibroids in East Asians. Bidirectional MR analyses indicated that higher BMI/T2D causally leads to earlier AAM. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our findings were specific to Han Taiwanese individuals, with genetic correlation analyses conducted in East Asians. Further research in other ethnic groups is necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study provides insights into the genetic architecture of AAM and its health-related outcomes in East Asians, highlighting causal links between BMI/T2D and earlier AAM, which may suggest potential prevention strategies for early puberty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU110-S-17, CMU110-S-24, CMU110-MF-49, CMU111-SR-158, CMU111-MF-105, CMU111-MF-21, CMU111-S-35, CMU112-SR-30, and CMU112-MF-101), the China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (DMR-111-062, DMR-111-153, DMR-112-042, DMR-113-038, and DMR-113-103), and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2314-B-039-063-MY3, MOST 111-2314-B-039-064-MY3, MOST 111-2410-H-039-002-MY3, and NSTC 112-2813-C-039-036-B). The funders had no influence on the data collection, analyses, or conclusions of the study. No conflict of interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Division of Minimal Invasive Endoscopy Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shun Chien
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ren Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ramírez-Luzuriaga MJ, Kobes S, Hsueh WC, Baier LJ, Hanson RL. Novel signals and polygenic score for height are associated with pubertal growth traits in Southwestern American Indians. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:981-990. [PMID: 38483351 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Most genetic variants associated with adult height have been identified through large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European-ancestry cohorts. However, it is unclear how these variants influence linear growth during adolescence. This study uses anthropometric and genotypic data from a longitudinal study conducted in an American Indian community in Arizona between 1965-2007. Growth parameters (i.e. height, velocity, and timing of growth spurt) were derived from the Preece-Baines growth model, a parametric growth curve fitted to longitudinal height data, in 787 participants with height measurements spanning the whole period of growth. Heritability estimates suggested that genetic factors could explain 25% to 71% of the variance of pubertal growth traits. We performed a GWAS of growth parameters, testing their associations with 5 077 595 imputed or directly genotyped variants. Six variants associated with height at peak velocity (P < 5 × 10-8, adjusted for sex, birth year and principal components). Implicated genes include NUDT3, previously associated with adult height, and PACSIN1. Two novel variants associated with duration of growth spurt (P < 5 × 10-8) in LOC105375344, an uncharacterized gene with unknown function. We finally examined the association of growth parameters with a polygenic score for height derived from 9557 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the GIANT meta-analysis for which genotypic data were available for the American Indian study population. Height polygenic score was correlated with the magnitude and velocity of height growth that occurred before and at the peak of the adolescent growth spurt, indicating overlapping genetic architecture, with no influence on the timing of adolescent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ramírez-Luzuriaga
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 1550 E indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014, United States
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 1550 E indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014, United States
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 1550 E indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014, United States
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 1550 E indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014, United States
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 1550 E indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014, United States
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3
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Brito VN, Canton APM, Seraphim CE, Abreu AP, Macedo DB, Mendonca BB, Kaiser UB, Argente J, Latronico AC. The Congenital and Acquired Mechanisms Implicated in the Etiology of Central Precocious Puberty. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:193-221. [PMID: 35930274 PMCID: PMC9985412 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) is multiple and heterogeneous, including congenital and acquired causes that can be associated with structural or functional brain alterations. All causes of CPP culminate in the premature pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic GnRH and, consequently, in the premature reactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The activation of excitatory factors or suppression of inhibitory factors during childhood represent the 2 major mechanisms of CPP, revealing a delicate balance of these opposing neuronal pathways. Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is the most well-known congenital cause of CPP with central nervous system abnormalities. Several mechanisms by which hamartoma causes CPP have been proposed, including an anatomical connection to the anterior hypothalamus, autonomous neuroendocrine activity in GnRH neurons, trophic factors secreted by HH, and mechanical pressure applied to the hypothalamus. The importance of genetic and/or epigenetic factors in the underlying mechanisms of CPP has grown significantly in the last decade, as demonstrated by the evidence of genetic abnormalities in hypothalamic structural lesions (eg, hamartomas, gliomas), syndromic disorders associated with CPP (Temple, Prader-Willi, Silver-Russell, and Rett syndromes), and isolated CPP from monogenic defects (MKRN3 and DLK1 loss-of-function mutations). Genetic and epigenetic discoveries involving the etiology of CPP have had influence on the diagnosis and familial counseling providing bases for potential prevention of premature sexual development and new treatment targets in the future. Global preventive actions inducing healthy lifestyle habits and less exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during the lifespan are desirable because they are potentially associated with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius N Brito
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Seraphim
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delanie B Macedo
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Núcleo de Atenção Médica Integrada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811 905,
Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology and
Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish PUBERE Registry,
CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA
Institute, Madrid 28009, Spain
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
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Vezzoli V, Hrvat F, Goggi G, Federici S, Cangiano B, Quinton R, Persani L, Bonomi M. Genetic architecture of self-limited delayed puberty and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1069741. [PMID: 36726466 PMCID: PMC9884699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between self limited delayed puberty (SLDP) and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) may be tricky as they share clinical and biochemical characteristics. and appear to lie within the same clinical spectrum. However, one is classically transient (SDLP) while the second is typically a lifetime condition (CHH). The natural history and long-term outcomes of these two conditions differ significantly and thus command distinctive approaches and management. Because the first presentation of SDLP and CHH is very similar (delayed puberty with low LH and FSH and low sex hormones), the scientific community is scrambling to identify diagnostic tests that can allow a correct differential diagnosis among these two conditions, without having to rely on the presence or absence of phenotypic red flags for CHH that clinicians anyway seem to find hard to process. Despite the heterogeneity of genetic defects so far reported in DP, genetic analysis through next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) had the potential to contribute to the differential diagnostic process between SLDP and CHH. In this review we will provide an up-to-date overview of the genetic architecture of these two conditions and debate the benefits and the bias of performing genetic analysis seeking to effectively differentiate between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vezzoli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Faris Hrvat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Goggi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Federici
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Cangiano
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Resztak JA, Choe J, Nirmalan S, Wei J, Bruinsma J, Houpt R, Alazizi A, Mair-Meijers HE, Wen X, Slatcher RB, Zilioli S, Pique-Regi R, Luca F. Analysis of transcriptional changes in the immune system associated with pubertal development in a longitudinal cohort of children with asthma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 36646693 PMCID: PMC9842661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is an important developmental period marked by hormonal, metabolic and immune changes. Puberty also marks a shift in sex differences in susceptibility to asthma. Yet, little is known about the gene expression changes in immune cells that occur during pubertal development. Here we assess pubertal development and leukocyte gene expression in a longitudinal cohort of 251 children with asthma. We identify substantial gene expression changes associated with age and pubertal development. Gene expression changes between pre- and post-menarcheal females suggest a shift from predominantly innate to adaptive immunity. We show that genetic effects on gene expression change dynamically during pubertal development. Gene expression changes during puberty are correlated with gene expression changes associated with asthma and may explain sex differences in prevalence. Our results show that molecular data used to study the genetics of early onset diseases should consider pubertal development as an important factor that modifies the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Resztak
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jane Choe
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shreya Nirmalan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julong Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julian Bruinsma
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Russell Houpt
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adnan Alazizi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Cheng TS, Ong KK, Biro FM. Trends Toward Earlier Puberty Timing in Girls and Its Likely Mechanisms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:527-531. [PMID: 35537618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two installments examining early puberty in girls. The first paper will discuss secular trends in onset of puberty and the possible mechanisms to explain these developments. The potential etiologies examined will include the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesogens, the impact of body mass index and obesity, genetic and biologic pathways, and the influence of lifestyle behaviors. The second paper of the two-part series will examine the potential health impacts of early puberty on young and adult women and offer suggestions for clinical management and public health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck Seng Cheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 116, Cambridge CB20QQ UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
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Pedersen M, Jønsson AO, Larsen CF. Genetics and voice production in childhood and adolescence - a review. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2022; 9:73-77. [PMID: 35663784 PMCID: PMC9152557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a challenging time of change in voicing, normally and in pathology. An increased focus on voice production in relation to genetics can expand our knowledge of the onset of puberty and voice change. Our aim with this review was to connect research of genetics to voice production in adolescence. We need further understanding of the developmental background of voice in childhood and adolescence, because many genetic multi handicaps include voice production. Genetic development related to voice production was the focus in a search made by the Royal English Society of Medicine, with only a few results. We supplemented with references to genetic studies of adults and animals as well as adjacent areas of voice production. The genetic development of voice production is steered from the hypothalamus probably related to growth hormone. The genetic voice production in adults form the basis for understanding development. Some research results were found related to the pubertal steps. The findings are important in the future, using advanced voice analysis and artificial intelligence methods in patients with Multi handicaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Pedersen
- Medical Centre, Østergade 18, 1, 1100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Overgård Jønsson
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Pediatric endocrinologists often evaluate and treat youth with delayed puberty. Stereotypically, these patients are 14-year-old young men who present due to lack of pubertal development. Concerns about stature are often present, arising from gradual shifts to lower height percentiles on the population-based, cross-sectional curves. Fathers and/or mothers may have also experienced later than average pubertal onset. In this review, we will discuss a practical clinical approach to the evaluation and management of youth with delayed puberty, including the differential diagnosis and key aspects of evaluation and management informed by recent review of the existing literature. We will also discuss scenarios that pose additional clinical challenges, including: (1) the young woman whose case poses questions regarding how presentation and approach differs for females vs males; (2) the 14-year-old female or 16-year-old young man who highlight the need to reconsider the most likely diagnoses, including whether idiopathic delayed puberty can still be considered constitutional delay of growth and puberty at such late ages; and finally (3) the 12- to 13-year-old whose presentation raises questions about whether age cutoffs for the diagnosis and treatment of delayed puberty should be adjusted downward to coincide with the earlier onset of puberty in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Harrington
- Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, 5006, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Abstract
Puberty marks the end of childhood and is a period when individuals undergo physiological and psychological changes to achieve sexual maturation and fertility. The onset of puberty is first detected as an increase in pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Pubertal onset is regulated by genetic, nutritional, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Disturbances affecting pubertal timing result in adverse health conditions later in life. Human genetic studies show that around 50-80% of the variation in pubertal onset is genetically determined. The genetic control of pubertal timing has been a field of active investigation in attempt to better understand the neuroendocrine control of this relevant period of life. Large populational studies and patient cohort-based studies have provided insights into the genetic regulation of pubertal onset. In this review, we discuss these discoveries and discuss potential mechanisms for how implicated genes may affect pubertal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - John C Magnotto
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Bleil ME, Appelhans BM, Gregorich SE, Thomas AS, Hiatt RA, Roisman GI, Booth-LaForce C. Patterns of Early Life Weight Gain and Female Onset of Puberty. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab165. [PMID: 35274069 PMCID: PMC8900195 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Prepubertal obesity is a well-established predictor of earlier pubertal onset, which is itself a risk factor for poor health and well-being. Identifying specific patterns of weight gain in early life may help explain differential risk for earlier pubertal onset. Objective The objective of the study was to examine patterns of weight gain across infancy and early childhood in relation to pubertal onset outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Participants were 426 girls in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal birth cohort of children and their families followed between birth and adolescence. Main Outcome Measures Three pubertal onset outcomes were examined, including age at menarche and ages at Tanner stage II for dimensions of breast and pubic hair development. Results In infancy (birth to 15 months), greater percent weight gain and higher birthweight predicted earlier pubertal onset for all outcomes (Ps < 0.05). In early childhood (24 months to grade 1), body mass index (BMI) trajectories reflecting BMI values that were persistently high or changed from low to high over time (vs BMI values that were stable at median or low levels), predicted younger ages at menarche and the onset of breast (Ps < 0.05), but not pubic hair (Ps > 0.05), development. All associations were independent of breastfeeding, maternal menarcheal age, and race/ethnicity. Conclusions Distinct patterns of early life weight gain predict differential risk for earlier onset puberty. Focusing on these patterns for earlier and more targeted intervention may help lessen life course linkages between prepubertal obesity, accelerated pubertal development, and negative postpubertal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Bleil
- Child, Family, & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis S Thomas
- Child, Family, & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cathryn Booth-LaForce
- Child, Family, & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Fan T, He J, Wang Y, Yu J, Sun W. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (FDCHi006-A) from a 7-year-old girl with central precocious puberty. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102542. [PMID: 34619645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) refers to a pediatric endocrine disease in which boys have secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 9 and girls before the age of 8. In this study, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line FDCHi006-A from the Peripheral blood cell of a typical central precocious patient who was only 7 years old. This iPSC line showed full pluripotency, normal karyotype and differentiation capacity without integrating vectors. It provides a useful model to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai ty 201102, China
| | - Jingwei He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai ty 201102, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai ty 201102, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai ty 201102, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai ty 201102, China.
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12
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Goddings AL, Viner RM, Mundy L, Romaniuk H, Molesworth C, Carlin JB, Allen NB, Patton GC. Growth and adrenarche: findings from the CATS observational study. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:967-974. [PMID: 33931399 PMCID: PMC8461445 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that patterns of pubertal maturation are associated with different patterns of health risk. This study aimed to explore the associations between anthropometric measures and salivary androgen concentrations in pre-adolescent children. METHODS We analysed a stratified random sample (N=1151) of pupils aged 8-9 years old from 43 primary schools in Melbourne, Australia from the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study. Saliva samples were assayed for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate and testosterone. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Associations between (1) anthropometric measures and each androgen, and (2) hormone status with obesity and parental report of pubertal development were investigated using linear regression modelling with general estimating equations. RESULTS Greater height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were positively associated with higher androgen concentrations, after adjusting for sex and socioeconomic status. Being overweight or obese was associated with higher testosterone and DHEA concentrations compared with the normal BMI category. Those who were obese were more likely (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.43, p<0.001) to be in the top tertile of age-adjusted androgen status in both sexes. CONCLUSION This study provides clear evidence for an association between obesity and higher androgen levels in mid-childhood. The adrenal transition may be a critical time period for weight management intervention strategies in order to manage the risk for metabolic problems in later life for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Goddings
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Lisa Mundy
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Romaniuk
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte Molesworth
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John B Carlin
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to assess the most recent literature on pubertal trends in boys and girls as well as evaluate genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors implicated in the timing of pubertal progression. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies confirm the previously described link between increased adiposity and earlier onset of puberty in girls, and more recent studies shed light onto the previously unclear situation in boys as a preponderance of recent longitudinal studies suggests that increased adiposity is linked with earlier pubertal timing also in boys. Discoveries of novel pathways highlights the complexity of pubertal development and suggest mechanistic links between nutrition, obesity, leptin, insulin resistance, and puberty. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic variants can be linked to early puberty. Other factors, such as prenatal and postnatal environment, gut microbiota, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have also been linked to both obesity and earlier puberty. SUMMARY Understanding how the interactions of these factors contribute the relationship between obesity and early pubertal onset is crucial as early puberty has been linked with long-term consequences, such as short stature, earlier type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and poor psychological and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
| | - Christian L Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Nonneman D, Lents CA, Rempel LA, Rohrer GA. Potential functional variants in AHR signaling pathways are associated with age at puberty in swine. Anim Genet 2021; 52:284-291. [PMID: 33667011 DOI: 10.1111/age.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Puberty in female pigs is defined as age at first estrus and gilts that have an earlier age at puberty are more likely to have greater lifetime productivity. Because age at puberty is predictive for sow longevity and lifetime productivity, but not routinely measured in commercial herds, it would be beneficial to use genomic or marker-assisted selection to improve these traits. A GWAS at the US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) identified several loci associated with age at puberty in pigs. Candidate genes in these regions were scanned for potential functional variants using sequence information from the USMARC swine population founder animals and public databases. In total, 135 variants (SNP and insertion/deletions) in 39 genes were genotyped in 1284 phenotyped animals from a validation population sired by Landrace and Yorkshire industry semen using the Agena MassArray system. Twelve variants in eight genes were associated with age at puberty (P < 0.005) with estimated additive SNP effects ranging from 1.6 to 5.3 days. Nine of these variants were non-synonymous coding changes in AHR, CYP1A2, OR2M4, SDCCAG8, TBC1D1 and ZNF608, two variants were deletions of one and four codons in aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR, and the most significant SNP was near an acceptor splice site in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, ACACA. Several of the loci identified have a physiological and a genetic role in sexual maturation in humans and other animals and are involved in AHR-mediated pathways. Further functional validation of these variants could identify causative mutations that influence age at puberty in gilts and possibly sow lifetime productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nonneman
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Lea A Rempel
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Gary A Rohrer
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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15
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El-Hefnawy SM, Zewain SK, Kasemy ZA, Shehata WA, Hassanein SA, Nooh MZ, El Naidany SS. ESR1 gene polymorphism (rs827421) as a potential genetic marker for constitutional delay of growth and puberty in Egyptian adolescents. Steroids 2021; 166:108778. [PMID: 33333135 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) is a variant of normal pubertal timing and progress. It is the most common form of delayed puberty in both genders. The genetic director of CDGP is ill-understood despite the positive family history result noted in those patients. The current study aimed at assessing the role of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene variant (rs827421) in Egyptian adolescents with CDGP. A cross-sectional study with follow-up part was carried out on 6760 children aged 4 to15 years. The study focused generally on children aged 13-15 years in order to evaluate the prevalence of delayed puberty in relation to all ages in general and to their peers in specific. Assessment of serum TSH, FSH, and LH was conducted on all participants, along with the measurement of serum-free testosterone for males and estradiol for females. Genotyping of ESR1 (rs827421) was done to all subjects through the use of TaqMan discrimination assay by real-time PCR. ESR1 (rs827421) GG genotype and G allele were significantly dominant among CDGP adolescents in comparison with controls (OR = 25.67 and 6.90). As regards follow-up of testicular size, AA genotype was significantly associated with increased size in the right and left testis compared to other genotypes (P = 0.021 and 0.006, respectively). Moreover, AA genotype showed significantly higher Tanner stage in both males and females in comparison with other genotypes. Serum estradiol level was significantly higher in AA genotype group than other genotypes groups. ESR1 gene polymorphism can be considered a potential genetic marker for CDGP in both sexes in a sample of Egyptian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M El-Hefnawy
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa K Zewain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Kasemy
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Shehata
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology & STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Hassanein
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Nooh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Sherin S El Naidany
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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16
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Jones G, Trajanoska K, Santanasto AJ, Stringa N, Kuo CL, Atkins JL, Lewis JR, Duong T, Hong S, Biggs ML, Luan J, Sarnowski C, Lunetta KL, Tanaka T, Wojczynski MK, Cvejkus R, Nethander M, Ghasemi S, Yang J, Zillikens MC, Walter S, Sicinski K, Kague E, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Arking DE, Windham BG, Boerwinkle E, Grove ML, Graff M, Spira D, Demuth I, van der Velde N, de Groot LCPGM, Psaty BM, Odden MC, Fohner AE, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Bandinelli S, van Schoor NM, Huisman M, Tan Q, Zmuda J, Mellström D, Karlsson M, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, De Jager PL, Uitterlinden AG, Völker U, Kocher T, Teumer A, Rodriguéz-Mañas L, García FJ, Carnicero JA, Herd P, Bertram L, Ohlsson C, Murabito JM, Melzer D, Kuchel GA, Ferrucci L, Karasik D, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Pilling LC. Genome-wide meta-analysis of muscle weakness identifies 15 susceptibility loci in older men and women. Nat Commun 2021; 12:654. [PMID: 33510174 PMCID: PMC7844411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256,523 Europeans aged 60 years and over from 22 cohorts we identify 15 loci associated with muscle weakness (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition: n = 48,596 cases, 18.9% of total), including 12 loci not implicated in previous analyses of continuous measures of grip strength. Loci include genes reportedly involved in autoimmune disease (HLA-DQA1 p = 4 × 10-17), arthritis (GDF5 p = 4 × 10-13), cell cycle control and cancer protection, regulation of transcription, and others involved in the development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Using Mendelian randomization we report possible overlapping causal pathways, including diabetes susceptibility, haematological parameters, and the immune system. We conclude that muscle weakness in older adults has distinct mechanisms from continuous strength, including several pathways considered to be hallmarks of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garan Jones
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Najada Stringa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Biostatistics Center, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Janice L Atkins
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School fo Public Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - ThuyVy Duong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Plattform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Cvejkus
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sahar Ghasemi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Walter
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kamil Sicinski
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine/Geriatrics, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Dominik Spira
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, PO-box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle C Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Public Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leocadio Rodriguéz-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Getafe University Hospital, Getafe, Spain
| | - Francisco J García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pamela Herd
- Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Plattform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - George A Kuchel
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - David Karasik
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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17
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Busch AS, Hollis B, Day FR, Sørensen K, Aksglaede L, Perry JRB, Ong KK, Juul A, Hagen CP. Voice break in boys-temporal relations with other pubertal milestones and likely causal effects of BMI. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1514-1522. [PMID: 31348498 PMCID: PMC6688887 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How is timing of voice break related to other male pubertal milestones as well as to BMI? SUMMARY ANSWER We provide a comprehensive temporal analysis of male pubertal milestones, including reproductive hormone dynamics, confirm voice break as a late milestone of male puberty and report a likely causal relationship between higher BMI and earlier age at voice break in men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Voice break represents a late pubertal milestone and recalled age at voice break is frequently used in epidemiological studies as a measure of puberty. In contrast, clinical studies use mainly testicular enlargement and/or genital tanner stage as the marker of pubertal onset. However, neither correlation of pubertal milestones nor reproductive hormone dynamics have been assessed in detail previously. Further, although BMI and puberty timing are known to be closely linked, cause and effect between these traits are not known. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study included a population-based mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort (2006–2014, COPENHAGEN Puberty Study) of 730 healthy Danish boys. Data for 55 871 male research participants from the 23andMe study were obtained, including genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and age at voice break. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a detailed evaluation of pubertal milestones and reproductive hormone levels (study population 1). A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to determine the likely causal link between BMI and timing of voice break (study population 2). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Voice break occurred at mean age 13.6 (95% CI: 13.5–13.8) years. At voice break, mean (95% CI) testosterone levels, LH levels and bi-testicular volume were 10.9 (10.0–11.7) nmol/L, 2.4 (2.2–2.5) IU/L and 24 (23–25) mL, respectively. Voice break correlated moderately strongly with timing of male pubertal milestones, including testicular enlargement, gonadarche, pubarche, sweat odor, axillary hair growth and testosterone above limit of detection (r2 range: 0.43–0.61). Timing of all milestones was negatively associated with age-specific BMI (all P ≤ 0.001). MR analyses inferred likely causal effects of higher BMI on earlier voice break in males (−0.35 years/approximate SD, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Participation rate of the population-based cohort was 25%. Further, boys that were followed longitudinally were examined approximately every 6 months limiting the time resolution of pubertal milestones. Using adult BMI as exposure instead of prepubertal BMI in the MR analysis and the known inaccuracies of the testosterone immunoassay at low testosterone levels may be further limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We provide valuable normative data on the temporal relation of male pubertal milestones. Further, the likely causal relationship between BMI and puberty timing highlights the importance of preventing obesity in childhood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (09-067 180); Danish Ministry of the Environment, CeHoS (MST-621-00 065); Capital Region of Denmark (R129-A3966); Ministry of Higher Education and Science (DFF-1331-00 113); Innovation Fund Denmark (InnovationsFonden, 14-2013-4); The International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Male Reproduction and Child Health. B.H., F.R.D., J.R.B.P. and K.K.O. are supported by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2). The 23andMe study is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R44HG006981). Members of the 23andMe Research Team are employees of 23andMe, Inc. and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01411527
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Busch
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - B Hollis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - F R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Sørensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - L Aksglaede
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box, Cambridge, UK
| | - K K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - C P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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18
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Navarro VM. Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:407-420. [PMID: 32427949 PMCID: PMC8852368 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from GnRH neurons to control the reproductive axis. The presence of sufficient energy reserves is critical to achieve successful reproduction. Consequently, metabolic factors impose a very tight control over kisspeptin synthesis and release. This Review offers a synoptic overview of the different steps in which kisspeptin neurons are subjected to metabolic regulation, from early developmental stages to adulthood. We cover an ample array of known mechanisms that underlie the metabolic regulation of KISS1 expression and kisspeptin release. Furthermore, the novel role of kisspeptin neurons as active players within the neuronal circuits that govern energy balance is discussed, offering evidence of a bidirectional role of these neurons as a nexus between metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Hollis B, Day FR, Busch AS, Thompson DJ, Soares ALG, Timmers PRHJ, Kwong A, Easton DF, Joshi PK, Timpson NJ, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Genomic analysis of male puberty timing highlights shared genetic basis with hair colour and lifespan. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1536. [PMID: 32210231 PMCID: PMC7093467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of puberty is highly variable and is associated with long-term health outcomes. To date, understanding of the genetic control of puberty timing is based largely on studies in women. Here, we report a multi-trait genome-wide association study for male puberty timing with an effective sample size of 205,354 men. We find moderately strong genomic correlation in puberty timing between sexes (rg = 0.68) and identify 76 independent signals for male puberty timing. Implicated mechanisms include an unexpected link between puberty timing and natural hair colour, possibly reflecting common effects of pituitary hormones on puberty and pigmentation. Earlier male puberty timing is genetically correlated with several adverse health outcomes and Mendelian randomization analyses show a genetic association between male puberty timing and shorter lifespan. These findings highlight the relationships between puberty timing and health outcomes, and demonstrate the value of genetic studies of puberty timing in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hollis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander S Busch
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Luiza G Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alex Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- IUMSP, Biopôle, Secteur Vennes-Bâtiment SV-A, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Doug F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 181, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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20
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Leinonen JT, Chen YC, Pennonen J, Lehtonen L, Junna N, Tukiainen T, Panula P, Widén E. LIN28B affects gene expression at the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and serum testosterone levels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18060. [PMID: 31792362 PMCID: PMC6889388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recurrently associated sequence variation nearby LIN28B with pubertal timing, growth and disease. However, the biology linking LIN28B with these traits is still poorly understood. With our study, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms behind the LIN28B associations, with a special focus on studying LIN28B function at the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis that is ultimately responsible for pubertal onset. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we first generated lin28b knockout (KO) zebrafish. Compared to controls, the lin28b KO fish showed both accelerated growth tempo, reduced adult size and increased expression of mitochondrial genes during larval development. Importantly, data from the knockout zebrafish models and adult humans imply that LIN28B expression has potential to affect gene expression in the HP axis. Specifically, our results suggest that LIN28B expression correlates positively with the expression of ESR1 in the hypothalamus and POMC in the pituitary. Moreover, we show how the pubertal timing advancing allele (T) for rs7759938 at the LIN28B locus associates with higher testosterone levels in the UK Biobank data. Overall, we provide novel evidence that LIN28B contributes to the regulation of sex hormone pathways, which might help explain why the gene associates with several distinct traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko T Leinonen
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 5 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Leevi Lehtonen
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Nella Junna
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 5 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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21
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Harroud A, Morris JA, Forgetta V, Mitchell R, Smith GD, Sawcer SJ, Richards JB. Effect of age at puberty on risk of multiple sclerosis: A mendelian randomization study. Neurology 2019; 92:e1803-e1810. [PMID: 30894442 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential for a causal effect of age at puberty on multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility using a mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We used 372 genetic variants strongly associated with age at menarche in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 329,245 women. The genetic architecture of pubertal timing across both sexes is highly correlated (genetic correlation [r g] = 0.75, p = 1.2 × 10-79), allowing these variants to provide reliable insight into pubertal timing in males as well. The effect of pubertal timing on risk of MS was measured with summary statistics from a GWAS of 14,802 cases with MS and 26,703 controls from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Multivariable MR controlling for effects of body mass index (BMI) using genetic data from additional consortia investigated whether pubertal effects on MS were dependent on weight status. RESULTS A 1-year increase in genetically predicted age at puberty decreased odds of MS by 8% (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.99, p = 0.03). However, multivariable MR analysis showed that after accounting for effects on adult BMI, the association of age at puberty with MS susceptibility attenuated (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88-1.04, p = 0.36). Similar results were obtained when childhood BMI was incorporated. Sensitivity analyses provided no evidence of major bias from genetic pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS We found support for an association between higher age at puberty and decreased risk of MS with a magnitude comparable to that reported in observational studies. This effect appears to be largely mediated by the strong association between age at puberty and obesity. A large causal effect of pubertal timing independent of BMI is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Harroud
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - John A Morris
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - Ruth Mitchell
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - Stephen J Sawcer
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK
| | - J Brent Richards
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.H.), Department of Human Genetics (J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Medicine (J.B.R.), and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (J.B.R.), McGill University; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology (A.H., J.A.M., V.F., J.B.R.), Department of Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (R.M., G.D.S.), School of Social and Community Medicine, and Population Health Sciences (R.M., G.D.S., S.J.S.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge; and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (J.B.R.), King's College London, UK.
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22
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Father Absence and Accelerated Reproductive Development in Non-Hispanic White Women in the United States. Demography 2019; 55:1245-1267. [PMID: 29978338 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Girls who experience father absence in childhood also experience accelerated reproductive development in comparison with peers with present fathers. One hypothesis advanced to explain this empirical pattern is genetic confounding, wherein gene-environment correlation (rGE) causes a spurious relationship between father absence and reproductive timing. We test this hypothesis by constructing polygenic scores for age at menarche and first birth using recently available genome-wide association study results and molecular genetic data on a sample of non-Hispanic white females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We find that young women's accelerated menarche polygenic scores are unrelated to their exposure to father absence. In contrast, polygenic scores for earlier age at first birth tend to be higher in young women raised in homes with absent fathers. Nevertheless, father absence and the polygenic scores independently and additively predict reproductive timing. We find no evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for accelerated menarche and only limited evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for earlier age at first birth.
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23
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Zhu J, Volkening LK, Laffel LM. Determination of Pubertal Status in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Using Height Velocity and Trajectories. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:74-82. [PMID: 30346541 PMCID: PMC6270965 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Assessment of pubertal change is important for the management of chronic pediatric diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Physical and/or laboratory assessments of pubertal status are often unavailable, impractical, or costly. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a practical and objective method to assess pubertal status using longitudinal linear growth in youths with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Participants (n = 123) were part of a 2-year study assessing continuous glucose monitoring in youths with type 1 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes center. Pubertal status at visits was assigned by a tiered approach using clinical Tanner staging or indicators of pubertal maturation from the electronic medical record when available. For other visits, independent evaluations of height velocities and growth chart trajectories provided data for pubertal status assignments. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the validity of the pubertal status assignments. RESULTS The sample (50% female, 95% white) had a mean ± SD age of 12.7 ± 2.7 years, diabetes duration of 6.0 ± 3.6 years, and hemoglobin A1c of 7.9 ± 0.8%. Of 985 study visits, 50% received a pubertal status assignment based on clinical Tanner staging, 29% on additional medical record review, and 22% on an evaluation of height velocity and growth chart trajectory. For the sensitivity analysis, pubertal status assignments based on height velocity and growth chart trajectory matched clinical Tanner staging in 87% of visits. CONCLUSIONS Our practical and objective method to assess pubertal status based on height velocity and growth chart trajectory highlights growth as a reliable and objective bioassay for pubertal onset, status, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Lori M. Laffel, MD, MPH, One Joslin Place, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215. E-mail:
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24
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Livadas S, Chrousos GP. Molecular and Environmental Mechanisms Regulating Puberty Initiation: An Integrated Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:828. [PMID: 31920956 PMCID: PMC6915095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the initiation of puberty, one of the cornerstones of human evolution, have not been fully elucidated as yet. However, recently, an accumulating body of evidence has helped unravel several critical aspects of the process. It is clear that a change in the pattern of pituitary gonadotropin secretion serves as a hormonal trigger for puberty induction. This change is directly guided by the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generation, a phenomenon regulated by the Kisspeptin-Neurokinin-Dynorphin (KNDy) system also in the hypothalamus. This represents the kisspeptin molecule, which is crucial in augmenting GnRH secretion at puberty, whose secretion is fine-tuned by the opposing signals neurokinin B and dynorphin. Recently, the novel kisspeptin inhibitory signal MKRN3 was described, whose role in puberty initiation provided further insight into the mechanistic aspects of pubertal onset. Furthermore, the description of higher inhibitory and stimulatory signals acting upstream of the KNDy neurons suggested that the trigger point of puberty is located upstream of the KNDy system and the GnRH pulse generator. However, the mechanism of pubertal onset should not be considered as an isolated closed loop system. On the contrary, it is influenced by such factors as adipose tissue, gastrointestinal function, adrenal androgen production, energy sensing, and physical and psychosocial stress. Also, fetal and early life stressful events, as well as exposure to endocrine disruptors, may play important roles in pubertal initiation, the latter primarily through epigenetic modifications. Here we present the available data in the field and attempt to provide an integrated view of this unique and crucial phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Livadas
- Endocrine Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Sarantis Livadas
| | - George P. Chrousos
- UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- George P. Chrousos
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25
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Zhou Y, Tong L, Wang M, Chang X, Wang S, Li K, Xiao J. miR-505-3p is a repressor of the puberty onset in female mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 240:JOE-18-0533.R2. [PMID: 30557853 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Puberty onset is a complex trait regulated by multiple genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we narrowed a puberty related QTL region down to a 1.7 Mb region on chromosome X in female mice and inferred miR-505-3p as the functional gene. We conducted ectopic expression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus of prepubertal female mice through lentivirus-mediated orthotopic injection. The impact of miR-505-3p on female puberty was evaluated by the measurement of pubertal/reproduction events and histological analysis. The results showed that female mice with overexpression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus manifested later puberty onset timing both in vaginal opening and ovary maturation, followed by weaker fertility lying in the longer interval time between mating and delivery, higher abortion rate and smaller litter size. We also constructed miR-505-3p knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. MiR-505-3p knockout female mice showed earlier vaginal opening timing, higher serum gonadotrophin and higher expression of puberty-related gene in the hypothalamus than their wild type littermates. Srsf1 was proved to be the target gene of miR-505-3p that played the major role in this process. The results of RNA Immunoprecipitation-sequencing showed that SRSF1 (or SF2), the protein product of Srsf1 gene, mainly bound to ribosome protein (RP) mRNAs in GT1-7 cells. The collective evidence implied that miR-505-3p/SRSF1/RP could play a role in the sexual maturation regulation of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhou
- Y Zhou, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tong
- L Tong, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maochun Wang
- M Wang, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Chang
- X Chang, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- S Wang, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- K Li, Department of Bioengineer, Donghua University, Songjiang, 201620, China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- J Xiao, The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Gajbhiye R, Fung JN, Montgomery GW. Complex genetics of female fertility. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:29. [PMID: 30345074 PMCID: PMC6185946 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in reproductive lifespan and female fertility have implications for health, population size and ageing. Fertility declines well before general signs of menopause and is also adversely affected by common reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Understanding the factors that regulate the timing of puberty and menopause, and the relationships with fertility are important for individuals and for policy. Substantial genetic variation exists for common traits associated with reproductive lifespan and for common diseases influencing female fertility. Genetic studies have identified mutations in genes contributing to disorders of reproduction, and in the last ten years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of common genetic contributions to these complex traits and diseases. These studies have made great progress towards understanding the genetic factors contributing to variation in traits and diseases influencing female fertility. The data emerging from GWAS demonstrate the utility of genetics to explain epidemiological observations, revealing shared biological pathways linking puberty timing, fertility, reproductive ageing and health outcomes. Many variants implicate DNA damage/repair genes in variation in the age at menopause with implications for follicle health and ageing. In addition to the discovery of individual genes and pathways, the increasingly powerful studies on common genetic risk factors help interpret the underlying relationships and direction of causation in the regulation of reproductive lifespan, fertility and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gajbhiye
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize advances in the genetics underlying variation in normal pubertal timing, precocious puberty, and delayed puberty, and to discuss mechanisms by which genes may regulate pubertal timing. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of loci that affect pubertal timing in the general population in both sexes and across ethnic groups. Single genes have been implicated in both precocious and delayed puberty. Potential mechanisms for how these genetic loci influence pubertal timing may include effects on the development and function of the GnRH neuronal network and the responsiveness of end-organs. SUMMARY There has been significant progress in identifying genetic loci that affect normal pubertal timing, and the first single-gene causes of precocious and delayed puberty are being described. How these genes influence pubertal timing remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Temitope O Kusa
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital.,Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Avendaño MS, Vazquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Disentangling puberty: novel neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms for the control of mammalian puberty. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:737-763. [PMID: 28961976 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty is a complex developmental event, controlled by sophisticated regulatory networks that integrate peripheral and internal cues and impinge at the brain centers driving the reproductive axis. The tempo of puberty is genetically determined but is also sensitive to numerous modifiers, from metabolic and sex steroid signals to environmental factors. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that the onset of puberty is advancing in humans, through as yet unknown mechanisms. In fact, while much knowledge has been gleaned recently on the mechanisms responsible for the control of mammalian puberty, fundamental questions regarding the intimate molecular and neuroendocrine pathways responsible for the precise timing of puberty and its deviations remain unsolved. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE By combining data from suitable model species and humans, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms governing puberty, with particular focus on its central regulatory pathways, underlying molecular basis and mechanisms for metabolic control. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE search of articles published mostly from 2003 to 2017 has been carried out. Data from cellular and animal models (including our own results) as well as clinical studies focusing on the pathophysiology of puberty in mammals were considered and cross-referenced with terms related with central neuroendocrine mechanisms, metabolic control and epigenetic/miRNA regulation. OUTCOMES Studies conducted during the last decade have revealed the essential role of novel central neuroendocrine pathways in the control of puberty, with a prominent role of kisspeptins in the precise regulation of the pubertal activation of GnRH neurosecretory activity. In addition, different transmitters, including neurokinin-B (NKB) and, possibly, melanocortins, have been shown to interplay with kisspeptins in tuning puberty onset. Alike, recent studies have documented the role of epigenetic mechanisms, involving mainly modulation of repressors that target kisspeptins and NKB pathways, as well as microRNAs and the related binding protein, Lin28B, in the central control of puberty. These novel pathways provide the molecular and neuroendocrine basis for the modulation of puberty by different endogenous and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic factors, such as leptin, ghrelin and insulin, which are known to play an important role in pubertal timing. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Despite recent advancements, our understanding of the basis of mammalian puberty remains incomplete. Complete elucidation of the novel neuropeptidergic and molecular mechanisms summarized in this review will not only expand our knowledge of the intimate mechanisms responsible for puberty onset in humans, but might also provide new tools and targets for better prevention and management of pubertal deviations in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vazquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Kim SY. Etiology and treatment of central precocious puberty. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2018. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2018.61.10.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Se Young Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Daejin Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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30
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Gaytan F, Morales C, Leon S, Heras V, Barroso A, Avendaño MS, Vazquez MJ, Castellano JM, Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. Development and validation of a method for precise dating of female puberty in laboratory rodents: The puberty ovarian maturation score (Pub-Score). Sci Rep 2017; 7:46381. [PMID: 28401948 PMCID: PMC5388887 DOI: 10.1038/srep46381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a key developmental event whose primary regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Precise dating of puberty is crucial for experimental (preclinical) studies on its complex neuroendocrine controlling networks. In female laboratory rodents, external signs of puberty, such as vaginal opening (VO) and epithelial cell cornification (i.e., first vaginal estrus, FE), are indirectly related to the maturational state of the ovary and first ovulation, which is the unequivocal marker of puberty. Whereas in rats, VO and FE are almost simultaneous with the first ovulation, these events are not so closely associated in mice. Moreover, external signs of puberty can be uncoupled with first ovulation in both species under certain experimental conditions. We propose herein the Pubertal Ovarian Maturation Score (Pub-score), as novel, reliable method to assess peripubertal ovarian maturation in rats and mice. This method is founded on histological evaluation of pre-pubertal ovarian maturation, based on antral follicle development, and the precise timing of first ovulation, by retrospective dating of maturational and regressive changes in corpora lutea. This approach allows exact timing of puberty within a time-window of at least two weeks after VO in both species, thus facilitating the identification and precise dating of advanced or delayed puberty under various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gaytan
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria S Avendaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vazquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Castellano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba &Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (IMIBIC/HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Nonneman DJ, Schneider JF, Lents CA, Wiedmann RT, Vallet JL, Rohrer GA. Genome-wide association and identification of candidate genes for age at puberty in swine. BMC Genet 2016; 17:50. [PMID: 26923368 PMCID: PMC4770536 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reproductive efficiency has a great impact on the economic success of pork production. Gilts comprise a significant portion of breeding females and gilts that reach puberty earlier tend to stay in the herd longer and be more productive. About 10 to 30 % of gilts never farrow a litter and the most common reasons for removal are anestrus and failure to conceive. Puberty in pigs is usually defined as the female’s first estrus in the presence of boar stimulation. Genetic markers associated with age at puberty will allow for selection on age at puberty and traits correlated with sow lifetime productivity. Results Gilts (n = 759) with estrus detection measurements ranging from 140–240 days were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and SNP were tested for significant effects with a Bayesian approach using GenSel software. Of the available 8111 five-marker windows, 27 were found to be statistically significant with a comparison-wise error of P < 0.01. Ten QTL were highly significant at P < 0.005 level. Two QTL, one on SSC12 at 15 Mb and the other on SSC7 at 75 Mb, explained 16.87 % of the total genetic variance. The most compelling candidate genes in these two regions included the growth hormone gene (GH1) on SSC12 and PRKD1 on SSC7. Several loci confirmed associations previously identified for age at puberty in the pig and loci for age at menarche in humans. Conclusions Several of the loci identified in this study have a physiological role for the onset of puberty and a genetic basis for sexual maturation in humans. Understanding the genes involved in regulation of the onset of puberty would allow for the improvement of reproductive efficiency in swine. Because age at puberty is a predictive factor for sow longevity and lifetime productivity, but not routinely measured or selected for in commercial herds, it would be beneficial to be able to use genomic or marker-assisted selection to improve these traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0352-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Nonneman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - James F Schneider
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - Clay A Lents
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - Ralph T Wiedmann
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Vallet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
| | - Gary A Rohrer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.
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Day FR, Bulik-Sullivan B, Hinds DA, Finucane HK, Murabito JM, Tung JY, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Shared genetic aetiology of puberty timing between sexes and with health-related outcomes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8842. [PMID: 26548314 PMCID: PMC4667609 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the genetic regulation of puberty timing has come largely from studies of rare disorders and population-based studies in women. Here, we report the largest genomic analysis for puberty timing in 55,871 men, based on recalled age at voice breaking. Analysis across all genomic variants reveals strong genetic correlation (0.74, P=2.7 × 10−70) between male and female puberty timing. However, some loci show sex-divergent effects, including directionally opposite effects between sexes at the SIM1/MCHR2 locus (Pheterogeneity=1.6 × 10−12). We find five novel loci for puberty timing (P<5 × 10−8), in addition to nine signals in men that were previously reported in women. Newly implicated genes include two retinoic acid-related receptors, RORB and RXRA, and two genes reportedly disrupted in rare disorders of puberty, LEPR and KAL1. Finally, we identify genetic correlations that indicate shared aetiologies in both sexes between puberty timing and body mass index, fasting insulin levels, lipid levels, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Past studies on genetics of puberty relied on rare disorders or age of menarche in women. Here, Day et al. examine puberty timing in men by the age of voice breaking, and find some loci with sexually dimorphic effects and genetic architectures shared with other health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brendan Bulik-Sullivan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94041, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94041, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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