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Gao CY, Qin GF, Zheng MC, Tian MJ, He YN, Wang PW. Banxia Xiexin Decoction Alleviated Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Disorder by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in APP/PS1 Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:701-712. [PMID: 37987962 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) alleviates cerebral glucose metabolism disorder by intestinal microbiota regulation in APP/PS1 mice. METHODS Forty-five 3-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were divided into 3 groups using a random number table (n=15 per group), including a model group (MG), a liraglutide group (LG) and a BXD group (BG). Fifteen 3-month-old male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used as the control group (CG). Mice in the BG were administered BXD granules by gavage at a dose of 6 g/(kg•d) for 3 months, while mice in the LG were injected intraperitoneally once daily with Liraglutide Injection (25 nmol/kg) for 3 months. Firstly, liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the active components of BXD granules and the medicated serum of BXD. Then, the cognitive deficits, Aβ pathological change and synaptic plasticity markers, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), were measured in APP/PS1 mice. Brain glucose uptake was detected by micropositron emission tomography. Intestinal microbial constituents were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. The levels of intestinal glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cerebral GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), as well as the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) insulin signaling pathway were determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS BXD ameliorated cognitive deficits and Aβ pathological features (P<0.01). The expressions of SYP and PSD95 in the BG were higher than those in the MG (P<0.01). Brain glucose uptake in the BG was higher than that in the MG (P<0.01). The intestinal microbial composition in the BG was partially reversed. The levels of intestinal GLP-1 in the BG were higher than those in the MG (P<0.01). Compared with the MG, the expression levels of hippocampal GLP-1R, Akt, PI3K and p-PI3K in the BG were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of GSK3β were reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION BXD exhibited protective effects against Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota/GLP-1/GLP-1R, enhancing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β insulin signaling pathway, and improving brain glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qin
- Neurology Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256603, China
| | - Ming-Cui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mei-Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Nan He
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhen J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Huang G, Xu A. Shaoyao Decoction reduced T lymphocyte activation by regulating of intestinal flora and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in ulcerative colitis. Chin Med 2024; 19:87. [PMID: 38879471 PMCID: PMC11180410 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaoyao Decoction (SYD) is a widely recognized herbal formula utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diarrhea. Although it has demonstrated significant effectiveness in clinical practice for treating ulcerative colitis, the precise mechanisms by which it operates remain largely elusive. METHODS The active ingredients of SYD were obtained by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), which were used to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism based on TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform) and PANTHER (Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships) classification system. In a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, mRNA sequencing, 16S rDNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics techniques were used to elucidate the mechanisms of SYD, and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to test the key targets. In addition, QGP-1 and H9 cells were performed to validate the discoveries from the animal experiments. RESULTS In the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, SYD effectively alleviated symptoms such as bloody stool, tissue damage, inflammation, intestinal flora dysbiosis and abnormal gene expression. Analyses of both differential expressed genes in colonic tissue and predicted 16S rDNA genes, as well as the analyses of targeted genes from TCMSP based on the active ingredients in UPLC-MS/MS of SYD, uncovered the enrichment of pathways involved in the biosynthesis and degredation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Interestingly, SYD suppressed the relative abundance of key genes in 5-HT synthesis, Tph1(Tryptophan hydroxylase 1) and Ddc (Dopa decarboxylase), in faeces from DSS-induced mice, leading to a reduction in the concentration of fecal 5-HT. Moreover, SYD augmented the production of butyric acid. Subsequently, increasing butyric acid influenced the metabolism of 5-HT in the organism through G protein-coupled receptor 43 by impeding its synthesis, facilitating its transport and degredation. These findings were additionally corroborated in a model utilizing enterochromaffin cell (QGP-1 cells). Furthermore, reduced levels of 5-HT hindered the activation of T lymphocytes (H9 cells) via the PKC (Protein kinase C) and NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-B) signaling pathways, by means of HTR1A (5-HT receptor 1A) and HTR3 (5-HT receptor 3). Additionally, diminished secretion of 5-HT resulted in reduced secretion of associated cytokines, thereby alleviating inflammation in the colon. CONCLUSION Through modulation of T lymphocyte activation mediated by 5-HT metabolism in the local colon via the intestinal flora and its metabolite, SYD effectively mitigated colonic inflammation in DSS-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yini Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Anwar A. Is berberine a natural oxempic? Nat Prod Res 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38586915 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2309325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
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Li Q, Yi X, Li L, Sun Y, Nie Z, Du J, Cao L, Gao J, Xu G. Effects of effective microorganisms on the physiological status, intestinal microbiome, and serum metabolites of Eriocheir sinensis. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:167-178. [PMID: 37261580 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The compound known as effective microorganisms (EMs) is widely used in aquaculture to improve water quality, but how they affect the health of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is unclear, especially in terms of intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites. In this study, we fed juvenile crabs with an EM-containing diet to explore the effects of EM on the physiological status, intestinal microbiome, and metabolites of E. sinensis. The activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly enhanced by EM, indicating that EM supplementation effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacity of E. sinensis. Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the main intestinal microbes in both the control and EM groups. Linear discriminant effect size analysis showed that Fusobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio, and Morganella were biomarkers in the control group, and Exiguobacterium and Rhodobacteraceae were biomarkers in the EM group. Metabolomics analysis revealed that EM supplementation increased cellular energy sources and decreased protein consumption, and oxidative stress. Together, these results indicate that EM can optimize the intestinal microbiome and serum metabolites, thereby benefiting the health of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xiangyu Yi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Araj-Khodaei M, Ayati MH, Azizi Zeinalhajlou A, Novinbahador T, Yousefi M, Shiri M, Mahmoodpoor A, Shamekh A, Namazi N, Sanaie S. Berberine-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 and its mechanism for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive pathway review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37921026 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2258559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A growing number of studies have thus far showed the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the intestinal microbiome homoeostasis. As reported, the gut microflora can be significantly different in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to those in healthy individuals.Methods: The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2022 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords.Discussion: This review highlights research on the anti-diabetic properties of berberine (BBR)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), as a glucose-lowering factor and a balance regulator in the microbial flora of the intestines, which plays an important role in adjusting the signalling pathways affecting insulin secretion.Results: Considering the anti-diabetic characteristics of the BBR-induced GLP-1, BBR makes a promising complementary treatment for reducing the clinical symptoms of DM by reducing the hyperglycaemia. Berberin might be a safe and effective drug for T2DM with little or no adverse effects.HighlightsBerberine induces GLP-1 insulin secretion by PLC2 pathway in the intestinalBerberine-induced GLP-1 decreases mitochondrial stress and relocates cytochrome c out of the mitochondria.Berberine induces GLP-1 secretion in the intestine by altering the bacterial profile, thus could possibly lighten diabetes symptomsBerberine-induced SCFA production, SCFA causes GLP-1 secretion from the intestinal L-Cell.Preventing mitochondrial damage, reducing adipose tissue fat, and reducing oxidative stress are thus among the results of BBR-induced GLP-1.The lower costs of BBR, and its limited side effects and higher availability, make it a promising supplementary medicine for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Azizi Zeinalhajlou
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Phogat A, Singh J, Malik V, Kumar V. Neuroprotective potential of berberine against acetamiprid induced toxicity in rats: Implication of oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, and structural changes in brain regions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23434. [PMID: 37350525 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACMP) is an extensively used neonicotinoid pesticide to control sucking and chewing insects and is known to cause nontarget toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative potential of berberine (BBR)-a polyphenolic alkaloid- on ACMP-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, and structural changes in different rat brain regions. The male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, that is, control, BBR-treated (150 mg/kg b.wt), ACMP-exposed (21.7 mg/kg b.wt) and BBR + ACMP co-treated; and were dosed intragastrically for 21 consecutive days. Results of the biochemical analysis showed that BBR significantly ameliorated ACMP-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation along with a marked increase in endogenous antioxidants and lowered AChE activity in rat brain regions. Inside mitochondria, BBR significantly attenuated the toxic effects of ACMP by increasing the activity of mitochondrial complexes. Findings of polymerase chain reaction also demonstrated the modulatory effects of BBR against ACMP-mediated downregulation of ND1, ND2, COX1, and COX4 subunits of mitochondrial complexes. The histopathological and ultrastructural examination also validated the biochemical and transcriptional alterations following toxicity of ACMP exposure and the protective potential of BBR against ACMP-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, the present study indicates the promising ameliorative potential of BBR against ACMP-induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidative and modulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Phogat
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Malik
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Shi R, Huang C, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C, Li M. Gut microbiota axis: potential target of phytochemicals from plant-based foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Yang F, Gao R, Luo X, Liu R, Xiong D. Berberine influences multiple diseases by modifying gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187718. [PMID: 37599699 PMCID: PMC10435753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and is commonly found in Coptis chinensis Franch. It has low bioavailability, but it can interact with gut microbiota and affect a variety of diseases. The effects of BBR in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, intestinal diseases, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, and other diseases are all thought to be related to gut microbiota. This review systematically and comprehensively summarize these interactions and their effects, and describes the changes of gut microbiota after the intervention of different doses of berberine and its potential clinical consequences, in order to provide a basis for the rational application of BBR in the future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongmao Gao
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Luo
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongan Liu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Daqian Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li J, Li D, Chen Y, Chen W, Xu J, Gao L. Gut Microbiota and Aging: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:963-986. [PMID: 37351381 PMCID: PMC10284159 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s414714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing composition of gut microbiota, much like aging, accompanies people throughout their lives, and the inextricable relationship between both has recently attracted extensive attention as well. Modern medical research has revealed that a series of changes in gut microbiota are involved in the aging process of organisms, which may be because gut microbiota modulates aging-related changes related to innate immunity and cognitive function. At present, there is no definite and effective method to delay aging. However, Nobel laureate Tu Youyou's research on artemisinin has inspired researchers to study the importance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as an ancient alternative medicine, has unique advantages in preventive health care and in treating diseases as it already has formed an independent understanding of the aging system. TCM practitioners believe that the mechanism of aging is mainly deficiency, and pathological states such as blood stasis, qi stagnation and phlegm coagulation can exacerbate the process of aging, which involves a series of organs, including the brain, kidney, heart, liver and spleen. Our current understanding of aging has led us to realise that TCM can indeed make some beneficial changes, such as the improvement of cognitive impairment. However, due to the multi-component and multi-target nature of TCM, the exploration of its mechanism of action has become extremely complex. While analysing the relationship between gut microbiota and aging, this review explores the similarities and differences in treatment methods and mechanisms between TCM and Modern Medicine, in order to explore a new approach that combines TCM and Modern Medicine to regulate gut microbiota, improve immunity and delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Diabetes, Licheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Care, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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Maruyama T, Ueta Y. Internal and external modulation factors of the orexin system (REVIEW). Peptides 2023; 165:171009. [PMID: 37054895 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Orexin-A and -B (identical to hypocretin-1 and -2) are neuropeptides synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area, and orexin neurons project their axon terminals broadly throughout the entire central nervous system (CNS). The activity of orexins is mediated by two specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), termed orexin type1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin type2 receptor (OX2R). The orexin system plays a relevant role in various physiological functions, including arousal, feeding, reward, and thermogenesis, and is key to human health. Orexin neurons receive various signals related to environmental, physiological, and emotional stimuli. Previous studies have reported that several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators influence the activation or inhibition of orexin neuron activity. In this review, we summarize the modulating factors of orexin neurons in the sleep/wake rhythm and feeding behavior, particularly in the context of the modulation of appetite, body fluids, and circadian signaling. We also describe the effects of life activity, behavior, and diet on the orexin system. Some studies have observed phenomena that have been verified in animal experiments, revealing the detailed mechanism and neural pathway, while their applications to humans is expected in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Li C, Leng Q, Li L, Hu F, Xu Y, Gong S, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li X. Berberine Ameliorates Obesity by Inducing GDF15 Secretion by Brown Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7056674. [PMID: 36825874 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), which is a compound derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Coptis chinensis, promotes weight loss, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that BBR increases the serum level of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which is a stress response cytokine that can reduce food intake and lower body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The body weight and food intake of DIO mice were decreased after BBR treatment, and the weight change was negatively correlated with the serum GDF15 level. Further studies show that BBR induced GDF15 mRNA expression and secretion in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of DIO mice and primary mouse brown adipocytes. In addition, we found that BBR upregulates GDF15 mRNA expression and secretion by activating the integrated stress response (ISR) in primary mouse brown adipocytes. Overall, our findings show that BBR lowers body weight by inducing GDF15 secretion via the activation of the ISR in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Qingyang Leng
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sa Gong
- Shanghai Songjiang District Fangta Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
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13
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Chen Y, Hao Z, Zhao H, Duan X, Jia D, Li K, Yang Y, Cui H, Gao M, Zhao D. Berberine alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction in glucolipid metabolism disorder hamsters by modulating gut microbiota and gut-microbiota-related tryptophan metabolites. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1464-1473. [PMID: 36168925 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barberry plants can be considered as useful additives and functional compounds in various industries, especially in the food industry. Berberine (BBR), the most important functional compound in the barberry roots, has recently been used to treat obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier play an important role in the development of glucolipid metabolism disorders (GLMDs). However, the association of gut microbiota metabolism disorder and the intestinal barrier dysfunction effect of BBR in GLMDs remains elusive. RESULTS The results showed that administration of BBR could increase the number of colonic glands and goblet cell mucus secretion, improve the intestinal barrier function, and reduce the serum glycolipid level in GLMD hamsters. Interestingly, BBR was metabolized into 12 metabolites by gut microbiota, and the main metabolic pathways were oxidation, demethylation, and hydrogenation. In addition, BBR significantly improved the species diversity and uniformity of gut microbiota and promoted the proliferation of beneficial microbiota. Furthermore, the levels of tryptophan metabolites, such as indole, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-pyruvic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly altered by BBR. Both the intestinal tight junction proteins and intestinal immune factors were altered by BBR. CONCLUSION BBR could alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction of GLMDs by modulating gut microbiota and gut-microbiota-related tryptophan metabolites, which may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms for the treatment of GLMDs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- The Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhangsen Hao
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Zhao
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Duan
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kaipeng Li
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Hebei INVIVO Biotech Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- The Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ding Zhao
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Shen J, Guo H, Liu S, Jin W, Zhang ZW, Zhang Y, Liu K, Mao S, Zhou Z, Xie L, Wang G, Hao H, Liang Y. Aberrant branched-chain amino acid accumulation along the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Crucial targets affecting the occurrence and treatment of ischaemic stroke. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:347-368. [PMID: 36181407 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although increasing evidence illustrated that the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut is closely related to the occurrence of various complex diseases. Limited effort has been made to explore the influence of intestinal flora on the risk of ischaemic stroke. The present study aims to identify microbiota and specialized microbiota metabolites related to the occurrence and treatment of ischaemic stroke. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of microbiota in the occurrence and the treatment of ischaemic stroke was evaluated on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), pseudo-germ-free and faecal transplantation animals. The target microbiota and specialized metabolites were identified by comparing their distribution in flora and metabolomic profiles in ischaemic stroke patients and animals with compared with healthy controls. The effects and mechanisms involved of the targeted metabolites in ischaemic stroke were explored in ischaemia/reperfusion rats, hypoxia/reoxygenation PC12 cells and LPS-induced inflammatory BV2 cells. KEY RESULTS Both ischaemic stroke patients and I/R rats had significant accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, which were closely associated with gut microflora dysbiosis and the development of ischaemic stroke. Lactobacillus helveticus (L.hel) and Lactobacillus brevis (L.bre) are identified as the microbiota most affected by ischaemia/reperfusion modelling and treatment. L.hel and L.bre colonization exhibited significant neuroprotective activity and could greatly alleviate the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids. In addition, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) accumulation was shown to exacerbate microglia-induced neuroinflammation by activating AKT/STAT3/NF-κB signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings demonstrated the crucial role of intestinal flora and microbiota metabolites in the occurrence and treatment of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Keanqi Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuying Mao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Babalghith AO, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Al-Hamash SM, Jean-Marc S, Negm WA, Batiha GES. The role of berberine in Covid-19: potential adjunct therapy. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2003-2016. [PMID: 36183284 PMCID: PMC9526677 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a global diastrophic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Covid-19 leads to inflammatory, immunological, and oxidative changes, by which SARS-CoV-2 leads to endothelial dysfunction (ED), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure (MOF). Despite evidence illustrating that some drugs and vaccines effectively manage and prevent Covid-19, complementary herbal medicines are urgently needed to control this pandemic disease. One of the most used herbal medicines is berberine (BBR), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immune-regulatory effects; thus, BBR may be a prospective candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review found that BBR has anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects with mitigation of associated inflammatory changes. BBR also reduces the risk of ALI/ARDS in Covid-19 patients by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory signaling pathways. In conclusion, BBR has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. Therefore, it can be utilized as a possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. BBR inhibits the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and attenuates the associated inflammatory disorders linked by the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Indeed, BBR can alleviate ALI/ARDS in patients with severe Covid-19. In this sense, clinical trials and prospective studies are suggested to illustrate the potential role of BBR in treating Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx « Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sadiq Mohammed Al-Hamash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sabatier Jean-Marc
- Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR, 7051, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
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16
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Ikeda Y, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa S, Sawamura H, Tsuji A, Matsuda S. A budding concept with certain microbiota, anti-proliferative family proteins, and engram theory for the innovative treatment of colon cancer. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic disease. Patients with IBD have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer which has become a major health concern. IBD might exert a role of engrams for making the condition of specific inflammation in the gut. Dysregulation of immune cells induced by the command of engrams might be crucial in the pathogenesis of damages in gut epithelium. The anti-proliferative (APRO) family of anti-proliferative proteins characterized by immediate early responsive gene-products that might be involved in the machinery of the carcinogenesis in IBD. Herein, it is suggested that some probiotics with specific bacteria could prevent the development and/or progression of the IBD related tumors. In addition, consideration regarding the application of studying APRO family proteins for the comprehension of IBD related tumors has been presented. It is hypothesized that overexpression of Tob1, a member of APRO family proteins, in the epithelium of IBD could suppress the function of adjacent cytotoxic immune cells possibly via the paracrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kurumi Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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17
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Wang H, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Gu C. The mechanism of berberine alleviating metabolic disorder based on gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854885. [PMID: 36093200 PMCID: PMC9452888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With socioeconomic advances and improved living standards, metabolic syndrome has increasingly come into the attention. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome and its metabolites are closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases, and play an important role that cannot be ignored, for instance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease and others. The correlation between gut microbiota and metabolic disorder has been widely recognized. Metabolic disorder could cause imbalance in gut microbiota, and disturbance of gut microbiota could aggravate metabolic disorder as well. Berberine (BBR), as a natural ingredient, plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Studies have shown that BBR can alleviate the pathological conditions of metabolic disorders, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of gut microbiota: gut microbiota could regulate the absorption and utilization of berberine in the body; meanwhile, the structure and function of gut microbiota also changed after intervention by berberine. Therefore, we summarize relevant mechanism research, including the expressions of nitroreductases-producing bacteria to promote the absorption and utilization of berberine, strengthening intestinal barrier function, ameliorating inflammation regulating bile acid signal pathway and axis of bacteria-gut-brain. The aim of our study is to clarify the therapeutic characteristics of berberine further and provide the theoretical basis for the regulation of metabolic disorder from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chengjuan Gu,
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18
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Korgan AC, Foxx CL, Hashmi H, Sago SA, Stamper CE, Heinze JD, O'Leary E, King JL, Perrot TS, Lowry CA, Weaver ICG. Effects of paternal high-fat diet and maternal rearing environment on the gut microbiota and behavior. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10179. [PMID: 35715467 PMCID: PMC9205913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing a male rat to an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) influences attractiveness to potential female mates, the subsequent interaction of female mates with infant offspring, and the development of stress-related behavioral and neural responses in offspring. To examine the stomach and fecal microbiome's potential roles, fecal samples from 44 offspring and stomach samples from offspring and their fathers were collected and bacterial community composition was studied by 16 small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. Paternal diet (control, high-fat), maternal housing conditions (standard or semi-naturalistic housing), and maternal care (quality of nursing and other maternal behaviors) affected the within-subjects alpha-diversity of the offspring stomach and fecal microbiomes. We provide evidence from beta-diversity analyses that paternal diet and maternal behavior induced community-wide shifts to the adult offspring gut microbiome. Additionally, we show that paternal HFD significantly altered the adult offspring Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, an indicator of obesogenic potential in the gut microbiome. Additional machine-learning analyses indicated that microbial species driving these differences converged on Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. These results suggest that differences in early-life care induced by paternal diet and maternal care significantly influence the microbiota composition of offspring through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, having implications for adult stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Korgan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Christine L Foxx
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Heraa Hashmi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Saydie A Sago
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC for Veteran Suicide Prevention, 1700 N Wheeling St, G-3-116M, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jared D Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Elizabeth O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jillian L King
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Tara S Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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19
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Abo Zeid AA, Rowida Raafat I, Ahmed AG. Berberine alleviates monosodium glutamate induced postnatal metabolic disorders associated vascular endothelial dysfunction in newborn rats: possible role of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:818-829. [PMID: 32072839 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1729815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive food additives Monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in metabolic disorders with increased Cardiovascular diseases CVD. We aimed to emphasise berberine (BBR) effect on MSG induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated endothelial dysfunction. Newborn rats were divided into control group, MSG group (4 mg/g) each other day for the first 14 days of life and MSG + BBR group that was given MSG then BBR in dose 150 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Body weight, food intake, systolic blood pressure, biochemical metabolic and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Aortic tissue homogenate Endothelin -1 (ET-1) and matrix metalloproteinase -1 (MMP-1) assessment, in addition to histological and EM examination were done. Newborn rats MSG exposure results in typical adult life MetS and oxidative stress with significant increase in ET-1 and MMP-1with aortic vasculopathy. BBR significantly improved all the disturbed parameters; suppress increased body weight (BW), food intake (FI) and partly improved the aortic vasculopathy lesions, holding a promise for BBR as a defending agent against MSG metabolic and vascular disorders.HIGH LIGHT MSGMSG is frequently consumed as a flavour enhancer especially between children and adolescentExcessive utilisation MSG is associated MS with vascular endothelial dysfunctionMMP-1 may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formationBBR has beneficial outcome for metabolic disorders induced by MSG among newly born ratsBBR has a role in management vascular inflammation and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Abo Zeid
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Rowida Raafat
- Medical Biochemistry& Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer G Ahmed
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Huang C, Sun Y, Liao SR, Chen ZX, Lin HF, Shen WZ. Suppression of Berberine and Probiotics ( in vitro and in vivo) on the Growth of Colon Cancer With Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Butyrate Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869931. [PMID: 35572672 PMCID: PMC9096942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective An increasing number of evidence has revealed that the gut microbiome functions in immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and homeostasis and is considered to be crucial due to its balance between human health and diseases such as cancer, leading to the emergence of treatments that target intestinal microbiota. Probiotics are one of them. However, many challenges remain regarding the effects of probiotics in cancer treatment. Berberine (BBR), a natural extract of Rhizoma Coptidis and extensively used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, has been found to have antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro by many recent studies, but its definite mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of BBR and probiotics on the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the regulatory influence on the gut microbiome and butyrate production. Methods Colon cancer cell line HT29 was used to establish a xenograft model of nude mice and an in vitro model. A total of 44 nude mice and HT29 cells were divided into control, model, model + BBR, model + probiotics, and model + combination of BBR with probiotics (CBPs). Live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus powder (LCBLEP) was used as a probiotic preparation. LCBLEP was cultured in the liquid medium under anaerobic conditions (the number of viable bacteria should reach 1 × 108CFU), and the supernatant was collected, and it is called probiotic supernatant (PS). Model + BBR and model + probiotics groups were treated with BBR and LCBLEP or PS for 4 weeks in vivo or 48, 72, and 96 h in vitro, respectively. Tumor volume or cell proliferation was measured. Gut microbiota was pyrosequenced using a 16S rDNA amplicon. HDAC1 mRNA level in HT29 cells and sodium butyrate (SB) expression in the serum of mice was detected by QPCR and ELISA. Results The treatment of BBR and CBP reduced the growth of neoplasms in mice to a different extent (p > 0.05), especially at 14 days. The inhibitory effect of LCBLEP on tumor growth was more significant, especially at 11-21 days (p < 0.05). Inhibition of BBR on in vitro proliferation was concentration-dependent. The suppression of 75% probiotic supernatant (PS) on the proliferation was the most significant. The supplement of LCBLEP significantly increased the richness and evenness of the gut microbe. BBR dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, with reduced Ruminococcus, followed by the LCBLEP. The LCBLEP reduced the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and the CBP also promoted the relative level of Bacteroidetes but reduced the level of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia. BBR and LCBLEP or CBP improved the alpha and beta diversity and significantly affected the biomarker and metabolic function of the gut microbe in nude mice with colon cancer. The level of HDAC1 mRNA was reduced in HT29 cells treated with BBR or PS (p < 0.05), the mice treated with BBR revealed a significantly increased concentration of SB in serum (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of SB on the proliferation of HT29 cells was stronger than panobinostat and TSA. Conclusion Although the combination of BBR and probiotics has no advantage in inhibiting tumor growth compared with the drug alone, BBR can be used as a regulator of the intestinal microbiome similar to the probiotics by mediating the production of SB during reducing the growth of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Xin Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Feng Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Zeng Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Wang Q, Wang X, Lv Y, Yang C, Zhou C, Wang L. Changes in Rats' Gut Microbiota Composition Caused by Induced Chronic Myocardial Infarction Lead to Depression-Like Behavior. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:641084. [PMID: 35496818 PMCID: PMC9048826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is common among patients who have chronic myocardial infarction (CMI). Despite their frequency, depression and CMI are bidirectional related conditions, each is a risk for the other, and they often co-exist, suggesting shared or interacting pathomechanisms. Accumulating data revealed the effects of gut microbiota in terms of regulating depression via the gut–brain axis. Thus, we investigated the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in CMI-induced depression-like behavior. Hierarchical cluster analysis of sucrose preference test (SPT) results was adopted to classify the CMI rats into depression-like behavior (CMI + Dep) or non-depression-like behavior (CMI + Non-Dep) phenotypes. First, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis showed both β-diversity and relative abundance of several gut bacteria significantly differed between the CMI + Dep and CMI + Non-Dep rats. Next, transplantation of fecal microbiota from CMI + Dep rats visibly altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota and also induced depression-like behavior in the antibiotics-treated pseudo-germ-free rats. In conclusion, these findings suggested that dysbiosis in gut microbial composition contributed to the onset of CMI-induced depression-like behavior and that exogenous regulation of gut microbiota composition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CMI and related depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Pu Z, Sun Y, Jiang H, Hou Q, Yan H, Wen H, Li G. Effects of Berberine on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Mild Metabolic Disorders Induced by Olanzapine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1949-1963. [PMID: 34961418 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder may be attributed to olanzapine. It is important to prevent mild metabolic disorders progressing to metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate the effects of berberine on intestinal flora in patients with mild metabolic disorders induced by olanzapine. A total of 132 patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective psychosis that had been treated with olanzapine for at least 9 months were randomly assigned ([Formula: see text] = 66 each) to receive berberine or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Metabolic assessments and intestinal flora were quantified at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Incidence rates of adverse reactions were recorded. FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, HbA1, TG, BMI, and WC were significantly lower in patients who received berberine compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment ([Formula: see text]< 0.05). The abundance of firmicutes and coliform were significantly lower and the abundance of bacteroides significantly higher in patients who received berberine compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment ([Formula: see text]< 0.05). In patients who received berberine, the abundance of firmicutes was significantly decreased, and the abundance of bacteroides was significantly increased, and in patients who received placebo, the abundance of firmicutes was significantly increased post-treatment, compared to baseline (both [Formula: see text]< 0.05). In conclusions, berberine may regulate intestinal flora and metabolism in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and mild metabolic disturbances induced by olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University School of Medicine, Xuhui 200030, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunying Sun
- Endocrinology Department, First People's Hospital of Haining, Haining 314400, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Hou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Second Specialized Hospital of Hegang, Hegang 154102, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Tiantai 317200, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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23
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He Q, Dong H, Guo Y, Gong M, Xia Q, Lu F, Wang D. Multi-target regulation of intestinal microbiota by berberine to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1074348. [PMID: 36465656 PMCID: PMC9715767 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1074348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are major public health problems that seriously affect the quality of human life. The modification of intestinal microbiota has been widely recognized for the management of diabetes. The relationship between T2DM, intestinal microbiota, and active ingredient berberine (BBR) in intestinal microbiota was reviewed in this paper. First of all, the richness and functional changes of intestinal microbiota disrupt the intestinal environment through the destruction of the intestinal barrier and fermentation/degradation of pathogenic/protective metabolites, targeting the liver, pancreas, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), etc., to affect intestinal health, blood glucose, and lipids, insulin resistance and inflammation. Then, we focus on BBR, which protects the composition of intestinal microbiota, the changes of intestinal metabolites, and immune regulation disorder of the intestinal environment as the therapeutic mechanism as well as its current clinical trials. Further research can analyze the mechanism network of BBR to exert its therapeutic effect according to its multi-target compound action, to provide a theoretical basis for the use of different phytochemical components alone or in combination to prevent and treat T2DM or other metabolic diseases by regulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingsong Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fuer Lu, ; Dingkun Wang,
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fuer Lu, ; Dingkun Wang,
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24
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Interactions between gut microbiota and berberine, a necessary procedure to understand the mechanisms of berberine. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:541-555. [PMID: 36105164 PMCID: PMC9463479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has been found in many plants, such as Coptis chinensis Franch and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. Although BBR has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, its oral bioavailability is extremely low. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as a cynosure to understand the mechanisms of action of herbal compounds. Numerous studies have demonstrated that due to its low bioavailability, BBR can interact with the gut microbiota, thereby exhibiting altered pharmacological effects. However, no systematic and comprehensive review has summarized these interactions and their corresponding influences on pharmacological effects. Here, we describe the direct interactive relationships between BBR and gut microbiota, including regulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolism by BBR and metabolization of BBR by gut microbiota. In addition, the complex interactions between gut microbiota and BBR as well as the side effects and personalized use of BBR are discussed. Furthermore, we provide our viewpoint on future research directions regarding BBR and gut microbiota. This review not only helps to explain the mechanisms underlying BBR activity but also provides support for the rational use of BBR in clinical practice. Low bioavailability enables interactions between berberine and the gut microbiota. Berberine can shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota can metabolize and transform berberine. Personalized use of berberine can reduce the occurrence of side effects.
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26
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Xu S, Lyu L, Zhu H, Huang X, Xu W, Xu W, Feng Y, Fan Y. Serum Metabolome Mediates the Antiobesity Effect of Celastrol-Induced Gut Microbial Alterations. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4840-4851. [PMID: 34530620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiobesity effect of celastrol has been reported in numerous studies, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. It is widely accepted that gut dysbiosis is closely related to obesity. The potential effect of celastrol on microbiota is worth exploring. In this study, the celastrol-induced weight loss was validated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, with the detection of reported phenotypes including a reduction in food intake, augments in dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism, and adipose thermogenesis. The anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol was also proved based on the alterations in serum cytokines. Antibiotic interference showed that gut microbiota contributes to celastrol-induced weight loss. Several key bacteria were identified using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to display the alterations of the intestinal microbiome in obese mice treated with celastrol. Meanwhile, the fecal and serum metabolic profiles were generated by pseudotargeted metabolomics, and changes in some critical metabolites related to appetite and metabolism were detected. Importantly, we applied in silico bidirectional mediation analysis to identify the precise connections among the alterations in gut microbes, serum metabolome, and host phenotypes induced by celastrol treatment for the first time. Therefore, we concluded that the celastrol-induced microbial changes partially contribute to the antiobesity effect via the serum metabolome. The mass spectrometry data are deposited on MetaboLights (ID: MTBLS3278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Liwei Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huaichang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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27
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Yang S, Li D, Yu Z, Li Y, Wu M. Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709629. [PMID: 34305616 PMCID: PMC8299362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are major public health issues worldwide that seriously threaten human health. Exploring effective natural product-based drugs is a promising strategy for the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. In view of its low bioavailability, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may serve as a target for the multifunctional effects of BBR. Under the pathological conditions of AS and metabolic diseases, BBR improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation induced by gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, BBR reverses or induces structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota and regulates gut microbe-dependent metabolites as well as related downstream pathways; this improves glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. These findings at least partly explain the effect of BBR on AS and metabolic diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the research progress of BBR and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota, to reveal the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the multifunctional biological effects of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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The effect of berberine adjunctive treatment on glycolipid metabolism in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113899. [PMID: 33812218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that berberine can improve metabolic disturbances in non-psychiatric patients, but no clinical research has been conducted in schizophrenia. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomized to receive placebo or berberine (900mg/day) as an adjunctive treatment for eight weeks. Peripheral glycolipid metabolism parameters were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Sixty-five patients were included, and forty-nine patients completed the 8-week trial. Berberine led to significant declines in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting serum insulin, and insulin resistance(all p<0.05) compared with placebo. Baseline body mass index and serum prolactin concentration could predict the effect of berberine on insulin resistance. Berberine adjunctive treatment may reduce the risk of glycolipid metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia.
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29
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Yu M, Alimujiang M, Hu L, Liu F, Bao Y, Yin J. Berberine alleviates lipid metabolism disorders via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in gut and liver. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1693-1707. [PMID: 33994854 PMCID: PMC8120465 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.54604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the relationship between berberine (BBR) and mitochondrial complex I in lipid metabolism. BBR reversed high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in mice. Fatty acid consumption, β-oxidation and lipogenesis were attenuated in liver after BBR treatment which may be through reduction in SCD1, FABP1, CD36 and CPT1A. BBR promoted fecal lipid excretion, which may result from the reduction in intestinal CD36 and SCD1. Moreover, BBR inhibited mitochondrial complex I-dependent oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis of liver and gut, but no impact on activities of complex II, III and IV. BBR ameliorated mitochondrial swelling, facilitated mitochondrial fusion, and reduced mtDNA and citrate synthase activity. BBR decreased the abundance and diversity of gut microbiome. However, no change in metabolism of recipient mice was observed after fecal microbiota transplantation from BBR treated mice. In primary hepatocytes, BBR and AMPK activator A769662 normalized oleic acid-induced lipid deposition. Although both the agents activated AMPK, BBR decreased oxygen consumption whereas A769662 increased it. Collectively, these findings indicated that BBR repressed complex I in gut and liver and consequently inhibited lipid metabolism which led to alleviation of obesity and fatty liver. This process was independent of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, China
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30
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Zhang L, Wu X, Yang R, Chen F, Liao Y, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Sun X, Wang L. Effects of Berberine on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:588517. [PMID: 33680978 PMCID: PMC7933196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota is a multi-faceted system that is unraveling novel contributors to the development and progression of several diseases. Berberine has been used to treat obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and metabolic diseases in China. There are also clinical trials regarding berberine use in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine diseases. Berberine elicits clinical benefits at standard doses and has low toxicity. The mechanism underlying the role of berberine in lipid‐lowering and insulin resistance is incompletely understood, but one of the possible mechanisms is related to its effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. An extensive search in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, Science Direct) was used to identify the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the berberine treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the pharmacologic effects of berberine on animals and humans by regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibing Yang
- Medical Department, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Zhu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Ji L, Jiang G. New insights into the links between anti-diabetes drugs and gut microbiota. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R36-R42. [PMID: 33338029 PMCID: PMC7923145 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the intestinal flora is out of balance and accompanied by leaky gut. The flora is characterized by an increase in mucus-degrading bacteria and a decrease in fiber-degrading bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the major fiber-degrading bacteria fermentation, not only ameliorate the leaky gut, but also activate GPR43 to increase the mass of functional pancreatic β-cells and exert anti-inflammation effect. At present, the gut microbiota is considered as the potential target for anti-diabetes drugs, and how to reverse the imbalance of gut microbiota has become a therapeutic strategy for T2DM. This review briefly summarizes the drugs or compounds that have direct or potential therapeutic effects on T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota, including biguanides, isoquinoline alkaloids, stilbene and C7N-aminocyclic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Hu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Yuan
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
| | - Guohui Jiang
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
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Zhu C, Huang K, Bai Y, Feng X, Gong L, Wei C, Huang H, Zhang H. Dietary supplementation with berberine improves growth performance and modulates the composition and function of cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1034-1048. [PMID: 33518062 PMCID: PMC7858044 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of berberine (BBR) on growth performance and composition and function of cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broilers were assigned to 3 dietary treatments, each with 6 replicates of 20 birds. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet as negative control (NC), basal plus 200 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium and 250 mg/kg nasiheptide as an antibiotic positive control (PC), and basal plus 250 mg/kg BBR. On day 21, 42, and 63, one chicken from each replicate was randomly selected for blood collection and cecal sampling. The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the community composition and function of cecal microbiota. Dietary supplementation with antibiotics or BBR increased the final body weight (BW) at day 63 and the average daily gain (ADG) during 1 to 21 d compared with the NC (P < 0.05). Supplementation with BBR improved the average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 22 to 42 d, 43 to 63 d, and 1 to 63 d (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency, indicated by feed to gain ratio (F/G), increased with PC during day 1 to 21 compared with NC (P < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of total protein at 42 d and uric acid at 21 d were increased, whereas creatine concentration at 63 d was decreased by BBR treatment (P < 0.05). The Chao 1 and Shannon index representing microbial α-diversity was reduced by BBR treatment (P < 0.05). The abundances of phylum Firmicutes and genera Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridiales, and Intestinimonas were decreased, whereas the abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides were increased with BBR treatment. Functional prediction of microbiota revealed that BBR treatment enriched pathways related to metabolism, organismal systems, and genetic information processing, especially DNA replication. The abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus in cecal contents were positively correlated with broiler growth performance. These results demonstrated dietary BBR supplementation improved the growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers, and was closely related to the significant changes in cecal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Kaiyong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Chuangxin Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hanze Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Zhang HY, Tian JX, Lian FM, Li M, Liu WK, Zhen Z, Liao JQ, Tong XL. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 33197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are associated with the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have shown considerable effects in the treatment of metabolic disorders by regulating the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies have shown that TCMs significantly affect glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly mucin-degrading bacteria, bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, lipopolysaccharide- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and bacteria with bile-salt hydrolase activity. In this review, we explored potential mechanisms by which TCM improved metabolic disorders via regulating gut microbiota composition and functional structure. In particular, we focused on the protection of the intestinal barrier function, modulation of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses, regulation of the effects of SCFAs, modulation of the gut-brain axis, and regulation of bile acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of TCMs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wen-Ke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Quan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Xu X, Yi H, Wu J, Kuang T, Zhang J, Li Q, Du H, Xu T, Jiang G, Fan G. Therapeutic effect of berberine on metabolic diseases: Both pharmacological data and clinical evidence. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110984. [PMID: 33186794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes and obesity) has seriously affected human health and life safety worldwide. It is of great significance to find effective drugs from natural compounds to treat metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, exists in many traditional medicinal plants. In recent years, BBR has received widespread attention due to its good potential in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In order to promote the basic research and clinical application of BBR, this review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the pharmacological and clinical advances of BBR in the treatment of five metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and gout. Both animal and clinical studies have proved that BBR has good therapeutic effects on these five metabolic diseases. The therapeutic effects of BBR are based on regulating various metabolic aspects and pathophysiological procedures. For example, it can promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate adipose tissue fibrosis, reduce hepatic steatosis, and improve gut microbiota disorders. Collectively, BBR may be a good and promising drug candidate for the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to further confirm its molecular mechanisms and targets. In addition, large-scale, long-term and multi-center clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BBR in the treatment of these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Wang S, Xu Z, Cai B, Chen Q. Berberine as a Potential Multi-Target Agent for Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Investigations for Berberine. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:971-979. [PMID: 32914727 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200910105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a botanic alkaloid extracted from Coptis chinensis (Huanglian), which has various properties, compassing anti-hyperglycemia, anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and improves insulin resistance, etc. Several researches have confirmed that BBR has effective actions in treating glycolipid metabolic abnormalities. BBR is also beneficial in regulating intestinal flora. Metabolic diseases are strongly associated with metabolic disorders, which are growing in the population and dramatically impacting human health, which also have been considered as a leading cause of diseases and death globally. This review is to evaluate the metabolic properties of BBR, and its potential application to the treatment of metabolic diseases by its effective actions on metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Baochao Cai
- Endocrinology Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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Li L, Chang L, Zhang X, Ning Z, Mayne J, Ye Y, Stintzi A, Liu J, Figeys D. Berberine and its structural analogs have differing effects on functional profiles of individual gut microbiomes. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1348-1361. [PMID: 32372706 PMCID: PMC7524264 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1755413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the effects of compounds on the gut microbiome is limited. In particular, it is unclear whether structurally similar compounds would have similar or distinct effects on the gut microbiome. Here, we selected berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid, and 16 structural analogs and evaluated their effects on seven individual gut microbiomes cultured in vitro. The responses of the individual microbiomes were evaluated by metaproteomic profiles and by assessing butyrate production. We show that both interindividual differences and compound treatments significantly contributed to the variance of metaproteomic profiles. BBR and eight analogs led to changes in proteins involved in microbial defense and stress responses and enrichment of proteins from Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla. It also led to a decrease in proteins from the Firmicutes phylum and its Clostridiales order which correlated to decrease proteins involved in the butyrate production pathway and butyrate concentration. Three of the compounds, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and ethoxysanguinarine, activated bacterial protective mechanisms, enriched Proteobacteria, increased opacity proteins, and markedly reduced butyrate production. Dihydroberberine had a similar function to BBR in enriching the Akkermansia genus. In addition, it showed less overall adverse impacts on the functionality of the gut microbiome, including a better maintenance of the butyrate level. Our study shows that ex vivo microbiome assay can assess differential regulating effects of compounds with subtle differences and reveals that compound analogs can have distinct effects on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lu Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Natural Products Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, Shanghai, China
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, Shanghai, China,Jia Liu Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, China
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, Shanghai, China,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada,CONTACT Daniel Figeys
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Zhang M, Song S, Zhao D, Shi J, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. High intake of chicken and pork proteins aggravates high-fat-diet-induced inflammation and disorder of hippocampal glutamatergic system. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108487. [PMID: 32827667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diets have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, which are also largely related to the type and amount of dietary proteins. However, to our knowledge, it is little known how dietary proteins affect neurodegenerative changes. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary proteins in a high-fat diet on hippocampus functions related to enteric glial cells (EGCs) in Wistar rats that were fed either 40% or 20% (calorie) casein, chicken protein or pork protein for 12 weeks (n=10 each group). Inflammatory factors, glutamatergic system, EGCs, astrocytes and nutrient transporters were measured. A high-chicken-protein diet significantly increased the levels of systemic inflammatory factors, Tau protein and amyloid precursor protein mRNA level in the rat hippocampus. The type and level of dietary proteins in high-fat diets did not affect the gene expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and α-synuclein (P>.05), indicating a negligible effect on astrocyte activity. However, the high-protein diets up-regulated glutamate transporters compared with the low-protein diets (P<.05), while they reduced the γ-aminobutyric acid content in high-chicken and -pork-protein diets (P<.05). Thus, compared with a low-protein diet (20%), a high-chicken or -pork-protein diet (40%) under a high-fat background could alter the balance between glutamatergic system and neurotransmitter and have a stronger effect on the interactions between hippocampal glutamatergic system and EGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 211171, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University; 210095, Nanjing, PR China.
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Zhong X, Harrington JM, Millar SR, Perry IJ, O’Toole PW, Phillips CM. Gut Microbiota Associations with Metabolic Health and Obesity Status in Older Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082364. [PMID: 32784721 PMCID: PMC7468966 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence links the gut microbiota with several chronic diseases. However, the relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity and the gut microbiome are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota composition and diversity and metabolic health status in older adults (n = 382; median age = 69.91 [± 5 years], male = 50.79%) with and without obesity. Gut microbiome composition was determined by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Results showed that alpha diversity and richness, as indicated by the Chao1 index (p = 0.038), phylogenetic diversity (p = 0.003) and observed species (p = 0.038) were higher among the metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) individuals compared to their metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO) counterparts. Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct differences between the MHNO and MUNO individuals on the phylogenetic distance scale (R2 = 0.007, p = 0.004). The main genera contributing to the gut composition among the non-obese individuals were Prevotella, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae. Prevotella, Blautia, Bacteroides, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae mainly contributed to the variation among the obese individuals. Co-occurrence network analysis displayed different modules pattern among different metabolic groups and revealed groups of microbes significantly correlated with individual metabolic health markers. These findings confirm relationships between metabolic health status and gut microbiota composition particularly, among non-obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| | - Janas M. Harrington
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.M.H.); (S.R.M.); (I.J.P.)
| | - Seán R. Millar
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.M.H.); (S.R.M.); (I.J.P.)
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.M.H.); (S.R.M.); (I.J.P.)
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| | - Catherine M. Phillips
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; (J.M.H.); (S.R.M.); (I.J.P.)
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Yu F, Han W, Zhan G, Li S, Xiang S, Zhu B, Jiang X, Yang L, Luo A, Hua F, Yang C. Abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3262-3279. [PMID: 31123221 PMCID: PMC6555457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are age-related disorders, and numerous studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction (CD) and Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting shared or interacting pathomechanisms. The present study investigated the role of abnormal gut microbiota in diabetes-induced CD and the potential underlying mechanisms. An intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin administered for 5 consecutive days was used for establishing a diabetic animal model. Hierarchical cluster analysis of Morris water maze (MWM) performance indices (escape latency and target quadrant crossing) was adopted to classify the diabetic model mice into CD and Non-CD phenotypes. Both β-diversity and relative abundance of several gut bacteria significantly differed between the CD and Non-CD groups. Further, fecal bacteria transplantation from Non-CD mice, but not from CD mice, into the gut of pseudo-germ-free mice significantly improved host MWM performance, an effect associated with alterations in β-diversity and relative abundance of host gut bacteria. Collectively, these findings suggest that abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to the onset of diabetes-induced CD and that improving gut microbiota composition is a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shoukui Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ilyas Z, Perna S, Al-Thawadi S, Alalwan TA, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Gasparri C, Infantino V, Peroni G, Rondanelli M. The effect of Berberine on weight loss in order to prevent obesity: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110137. [PMID: 32353823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides a critical overview of experimental studies in vitro, in humans, and in animals that evaluated the efficacy of Berberine and its effect on management of obesity and the related metabolic consequences. As a result of this review, we summarized the effects of Berberine in different models and the related mechanism of actions. In preclinical models, Berberine demonstrates that it affects gut microbiota by reducing diversity of microbes starting at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day. Moreover, in animal models, Berberine explicates an action on glucose through the inhibition of α-glycosidase at a dose of 200 mh/kg/day. Berberine is also known to be effective against differentiation of adipocytes through a decrease in LXRs, PPARs, and SREBPs expression at 150 mg/kg/day. Other mechanism ascribed to Berberine are related to its inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the Phospheoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6Pase) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, Berberine (associated to Red Yeast Rice) is effective in decreasing lipid levels in rats, which consequently lowers the change of weight gain at dosage of 40 mg/kg to 380 mg/kg/day. All the above preclinical data are confirmed in human studies where Berberine can modulate the diversity of gut microbes at the dose of 500 mg/day. In addition, Berberine is found to have a beneficial impact on gene regulation for the absorption of cholesterol at a daily dose of 300 mg in humans, an amelioration on glucose accumulation at 1.0 g daily dose was also observed. For all these reasons, this review gives an important good account of the impact of Berberine in obesity treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ilyas
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Salwa Al-Thawadi
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | | | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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41
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Habtemariam S. Berberine pharmacology and the gut microbiota: A hidden therapeutic link. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104722. [PMID: 32105754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is a natural pentacyclic isoquinoline alkaloid that has been isolated as the principal component of many popular medicinal plants such as the genus Berberis, Coptis and Hydrastis. The multifunctional nature of berberine as a therapeutic agent is an attribute of its diverse effects on enzymes, receptors and cell signalling pathways. Through specific and general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, its polypharmacology has been established. Intriguingly, this is despite the poor bioavailability of berberine in animal models and hence begging the question how it induces its reputed effects in vivo. A growing evidence now suggest the role of the gut microbiota, the so-called the hidden organ, as targets for the multifunctional role of berberine. Evidences are herein scrutinised to show that the structural and numerical changes in the gut microbiota under pathological conditions are reversed by berberine. Examples in the pharmacokinetics field, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory disease conditions, etc. are used to show the link between the gut microbiota and the polypharmacology of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Singh R, Bansal Y, Sodhi RK, Singh DP, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Medhi B, Kuhad A. Berberine attenuated olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations in mice: Targeting transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and 3 channels. Life Sci 2020; 247:117442. [PMID: 32081663 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels are emerging therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Berberine, which is a modulator of TRPV1, has proven antiobesity and antidiabetic potentials. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine in olanzapine-induced alterations in hypothalamic appetite control, inflammation and metabolic aberrations in mice targeting TRPV1 channels. Female BALB/c mice (18-23 g) were treated with olanzapine (6 mg/kg, p.o.) for six weeks to induce metabolic alterations, while berberine (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and metformin (100 mg/kg, p.o) were used as test and standard interventions respectively. Weekly assessment of feed-water intake, body temperature and body weight was done, while locomotion was measured at the end of week 1 and 6. Serum glucose and lipid profile were assessed by biochemical methods, while other serum biomarkers were assessed by ELISA. qPCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Olanzapine treatment significantly increased the feed intake, weight gain, adiposity index, while reduced body temperature and locomotor activity which were reversed by berberine treatment. Berberine treatment reduced serum ghrelin and leptin levels as well decrease in hypothalamic mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptides, inflammatory markers and ghrelin receptor in olanzapine-treated mice. Olanzapine treatment increased expression of TRPV1/TRPV3 in the hypothalamus which was significantly decreased by berberine treatment. Our results suggest that berberine, by TRPV1/TRPV3 modulation, attenuated the olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations in mice. Hence berberine supplementation in psychiatric patients could be a preventive approach to reduce the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Sodhi
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Kong WJ, Vernieri C, Foiani M, Jiang JD. Berberine in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases: A drug cloud (dCloud) effect to target multifactorial disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107496. [PMID: 32001311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a multi-target drug (MTD) that has proven effective in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases (CDs). However, the mode of action (MOA) of BBR remains to be clarified. At a cellular level, the inhibitory effect of BBR on mitochondrial enzymes is probably responsible for many of its biological activities, including the activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin receptor (InsR); these biological activities contribute to ameliorate peripheral blood metabolic profiles, e.g. by reducing plasma lipids and glucose levels, thus improving signs and symptoms of metabolic disorders. In this perspective, BBR acts as a targeted therapy. However, it also exerts pleiotropic systemic activities on some root causes of CDs that include antioxidant / anti-inflammatory effects and modifications of gut microbiota composition and metabolism, which may also contribute to its disease-modifying effects. After reviewing the different MOA of BBR, here we propose that BBR acts through a drug-cloud (dCloud) mechanism, as different to a drug-target effect. The dCloud here is defined as a group of terminal molecular events induced by the drug (or/and related metabolites), as well as the network connections among them. In this scenario, the therapeutic efficacy of BBR is the result of its dCloud effect acting on symptoms/signs as well as on root causes of the diseases. The dCloud concept is applicable to other established MTDs, such as aspirin, metformin, statins as well as to nutrient starvation, thus providing a novel instrument for the design of effective therapies against multifactorial metabolism-related CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products and Function, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China.
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Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132 Strain and Its Mutant with Different Bacteriocin-Producing Behaviour Have Various in Situ Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010049. [PMID: 31881756 PMCID: PMC7022661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of bacteriocin is considered to be a probiotic trait of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, not all strains of LAB harbour bacteriocin genes, even within the same species. Moreover, the effects of bacteriocins on the host gut microbiota and on host physiological indicators are rarely studied. This study evaluated the effects of the bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM1132 and its non-producing spontaneous mutant, L. acidophilus CCFM720, on the physiological statuses and gut microbiota of healthy mice. Mice that received the bacteriocin-producing strain JCM1132 exhibited reduced water and food intake. Furthermore, the administration of these strains induced significant changes in the compositional abundance of faecal microbiota at the phylum and genus levels, and some of these changes were more pronounced after one week of withdrawal. The effects of CCFM720 treatment on the gut microbiota seemed to favour the prevention of metabolic diseases to some extent. However, individuals that received JCM1132 treatment exhibited weaker inflammatory responses than those that received CCFM720 treatment. Our results indicate that treatment with bacteriocin-producing or non-producing strains can have different effects on the host. Accordingly, this trait should be considered in the applications of LAB.
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Lakes JE, Richards CI, Flythe MD. Inhibition of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes by select phytochemicals. Anaerobe 2019; 61:102145. [PMID: 31918362 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Current research indicates that changes in gut microbiota can impact the host, but it is not always clear how dietary and environmental factors alter gut microbiota. One potential factor is antimicrobial activity of compounds ingested by the host. The goal of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of common plant secondary metabolites against pure cultures of paired, structurally and phylogenetically distinct gastrointestinal bacteria of human or bovine origin: Prevotella bryantii B14, Bacteroides fragilis 25285, Acetoanaerobium (Clostridium) sticklandii SR and Clostridioides difficile 9689. When growth media were amended with individual phytochemicals (the alkaloids: berberine, capsaicin, nicotine, piperine and quinine and the phenolic: curcumin), growth of each species was inhibited to varying degrees at the three greatest concentrations tested (0.10-10.00 mg mL-1). The viable cell numbers of all the cultures were reduced, ≥4-logs, by berberine at concentrations ≥1.00 mg mL-1. Quinine performed similarly to berberine for B14, 25285, and SR at the same concentrations. The other phytochemicals were inhibitory, but not as much as quinine or berberine. Nicotine had activity against all four species (≥2-log reduction in viable cell number at 10.00 mg mL-1), but had stronger activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, SR and 9689, (≥4-log reductions at 10.00 mg mL-1). In conclusion, the phytochemicals had varying spectra of antimicrobial activity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ingested phytochemicals have the ability to differentially impact gut microbiota through antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Lakes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher I Richards
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Wang J, Wang L, Lou GH, Zeng HR, Hu J, Huang QW, Peng W, Yang XB. Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:193-225. [PMID: 30963783 PMCID: PMC6461078 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1577466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coptidis rhizome (CR), also known as Huanglian in Chinese, is the rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., C. deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao, or C. teeta Wall (Ranunculaceae). It has been widely used to treat bacillary dysentery, diabetes, pertussis, sore throat, aphtha, and eczema in China. OBJECTIVES The present paper reviews the latest advances of CR, focusing on the botany, phytochemistry, traditional usages, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and toxicology of CR and its future perspectives. METHODS Studies from 1985 to 2018 were reviewed from books; PhD. and MSc. dissertations; the state and local drug standards; PubMed; CNKI; Scopus; the Web of Science; and Google Scholar using the keywords Coptis, Coptidis Rhizoma, Huanglian, and goldthread. RESULTS Currently, 128 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from CR. Alkaloids are the characteristic components, together with organic acids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids and quinones. The extracts/compounds isolated from CR cover a wide pharmacological spectrum, including antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Berberine is the most important active constituent and the primary toxic component of CR. CONCLUSIONS As an important herbal medicine in Chinese medicine, CR has the potential to treat various diseases. However, further research should be undertaken to investigate the clinical effects, toxic constituents, target organs and pharmacokinetics, and to establish criteria for quality control, for CR and its related medications. In addition, the active constituents, other than alkaloids, in both raw and processed products of CR should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Yang
- Ya'an Xun Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ya'an, China
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Abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in db/db mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10454-10467. [PMID: 31760385 PMCID: PMC6914402 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an age-related metabolic disease, emerging gradually as a major global health burden that has gained public attention. Meanwhile, increasing attention is paid to the crucial role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of metabolic disorders, especially T2DM. In this study, we used C57 BL/KS db/db male mice as a T2DM murine model. We found that the β-diversity and relative abundances of gut bacteria were obviously altered in db/db mice, associated with a significant increase in Verrucomicrobia at six levels (phylum, class, order, etc.) and family S24-7 and a significant decrease in Bacteroidaceae at family, genus, and species levels, as well as Prevotellaceae at family and genus levels. Furthermore, fecal bacteria from db/db and m/m mice transplanted into pseudo-germ-free mice showed a significant change in the metabolic parameters, including the body weight, fasting blood glucose, fluid and food intake, and alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Taken together, these findings suggest that abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota might contribute to the development of T2DM and that potential therapeutic strategies improving gut microbiota might provide beneficial effects for individuals with T2DM and age-related glucose intolerance.
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Zhan G, Yang N, Li S, Huang N, Fang X, Zhang J, Zhu B, Yang L, Yang C, Luo A. Abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1257-1267. [PMID: 29886457 PMCID: PMC6046237 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cognitive dysfunction and aging is an important predisposing factor; however, the pathological and therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, the role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease has received increasing attention. The cognitive function in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice was significantly decreased and the Chao 1 and Shannon indices, principal coordinates analysis, and principal component analysis results were notably abnormal compared with that of those in senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Moreover, 27 gut bacteria at six phylogenetic levels differed between SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. In a separate study, we transplanted fecal bacteria from SAMP8 or SAMR1 mice into pseudo germ-free mice. Interestingly, the pseudo germ-free mice had significantly lower cognitive function prior to transplant. Pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal bacteria transplants from SAMR1 mice but not from SAMP8 mice showed improvements in behavior and in α-diversity and β-diversity indices. In total, 14 bacteria at six phylogenetic levels were significantly altered by the gut microbiota transplant. These results suggest that cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice is associated with abnormal composition of the gut microbiota. Thus, improving abnormal gut microbiota may provide an alternative treatment for cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Niannian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Luo J, Qi J, Wang W, Luo Z, Liu L, Zhang G, Zhou Q, Liu J, Peng X. Antiobesity Effect of Flaxseed Polysaccharide via Inducing Satiety due to Leptin Resistance Removal and Promoting Lipid Metabolism through the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7040-7049. [PMID: 31199141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic syndrome worldwide that causes many chronic diseases. Recently, we found an antiobesity effect of flaxseed polysaccharide (FP), but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, rats were first induced to develop obesity by being fed a high-fat diet. The obese rats were then fed a control diet, AIN-93M (group HFD), or a 10% FP diet (group FPD). The body weight, body fat, adipose tissue and liver sections, serous total triglycerides, levels of fasting blood glucose in serum, serous insulin, inflammatory cytokines in serum, and serous proteins within the leptin-neuropeptide Y (NPY) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were determined and analyzed. FP intervention significantly reduced body weight and abdominal fat from 530 ± 16 g and 2.15% ± 0.30% in group HFD to 478 ± 10 g and 1.38% ± 0.48% in group FPD, respectively. This effect was achieved by removing leptin resistance possibly by inhibiting inflammation and recovering satiety through the significant downregulation of NPY and the upregulation of glucagon-like peptide 1. Adiponectin was then significantly upregulated probably via the gut-brain axis and further activated the AMPK signaling pathway to improve lipid metabolism including the improvement of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation and the suppression of lipogenesis. This is the first report of the proposed antiobesity mechanism of FP, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of nonstarch polysaccharides and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Jiamei Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The Center for Precision Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Zhenhuan Luo
- The Center for Precision Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Center for Precision Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Jiesheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 Guangdong , China
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Acupuncture Regulating Gut Microbiota in Abdominal Obese Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4958294. [PMID: 31275411 PMCID: PMC6582896 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4958294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture on metabolic health and gut microbiota dysbiosis in diet-induced abdominal obese model. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into normal chow diet (NCD) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, an abdominal obese rat model was established. The abdominal obese rats were further assigned to acupuncture group (n=7) and nontreated HFD group (n=7). Acupuncture was applied to bilateral GB 26 of rats for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the body weight, waist circumference (WC), visceral fat mass, and liver weight were measured weekly in all rats. Metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and blood glucose were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of insulin (INS) were determined using Rat INS ELISA Kit. Analysis of gut microbiota was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Acupuncture decreased the body weight, WC, and visceral adipose tissues of HFD-induced abdominal obese rats. In addition, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism were improved by this treatment. Furthermore, electroacupuncture effectively modified the composition of gut microbiota, mainly via decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing Prevotella_9 abundance. Conclusions Electroacupuncture can ameliorate abdominal obesity and prevent metabolic disorders in HFD-induced abdominal obese rats, via the modulation of gut microbiota.
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