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Ermiş M, Çiftci G. Role of curcumin on beta-amyloid protein, tau protein, and biochemical and oxidative changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03231-3. [PMID: 38922352 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic diseases and is associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) and abnormal tau proteins are effective in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of curcumin on beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau protein expression levels, as well as biochemical and oxidative changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The study comprised five groups, each consisting of eight rats: control, diabetic, curcumin, curcumin during diabetic induction, and curcumin post-diabetic induction. Groups 2 and 4 were administered a single dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin on day 1, while group 5 received it on day 28. Curcumin was orally administered via gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 35 days to the third, fourth, and fifth groups. At the end of the trial (day 35), blood sugar levels and insulin resistance were similar between the control and curcumin-treated groups but significantly higher in the diabetic groups (P < 0.05). The protective effect of curcumin is tested during induction and active diabetes. The results indicated that diabetic rats displayed increased levels of Aβ, tau protein, and total oxidant capacity (TOS) compared to the curcumin-treated groups. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) levels were lower in the diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Aβ protein levels are lower in both the serum and brain of rats with active diabetes and treated with curcumin compared to control rats (P > 0.05). In addition, serum TAS levels were higher in rats treated with curcumin following the induction of diabetes than pre-induction of diabetes (P > 0.05). The TOS levels in the serum were higher in the rats treated with curcumin during active diabetes compared to the rats treated prior to the induction of diabetes (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the brain. The above results show that curcumin has an effect on reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes and increasing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ermiş
- Erciyes University Experimental Research Application and Research Center, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gülay Çiftci
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, 55220, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
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Cheng YW, Huang YC, Chang KF, Huang XF, Sheu GT, Tsai NM. Protective Effect of Curcumin on the Tight Junction Integrity and Cellular Senescence in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Early Diabetic Retinopathy. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 2024; 67:107-117. [PMID: 38857204 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-23-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a secondary complication of diabetes that can lead to visual impairment and blindness. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of pigment cells that forms the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) via tight junction (TJ) proteins and plays a crucial role in the physiological function of the retina. Hyperglycemia induces RPE death and BRB breakdown, which accelerates the process of DR. Curcumin, an active extract of Curcuma longa , has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of Curcumin on the BRB under high glucose conditions remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Curcumin on RPE physiology in vitro and in vivo . Curcumin significantly alleviated cell viability inhibition under high glucose conditions. Moreover, high glucose reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt pathways activation to diminish RPE cell growth but reversed by Curcumin treatment. Curcumin protected not only TJ integrity but also retinoid regeneration through TJ proteins and isomerase modulation in diabetic retina. Furthermore, Curcumin decreased the expression of angiogenic factor to inhibit retinal neovascularization. Finally, Curcumin treatment markedly reduced apoptosis during hyperglycemia. In conclusion, Curcumin can alleviate the progression of DR by promoting RPE survival, TJ integrity, retinoid isomerase activity, RPE senescence inhibition, and neovascularization. Therefore, Curcumin exhibits high potential for use as a therapeutic agent for early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lee's General Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life-and-Death Studies, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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3
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Lu F, Wu Q, Lei J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Lin L, Hu M. Zeaxanthin impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109957. [PMID: 38467357 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effects of Zeaxanthin (Zea), one of the oxidized xanthophyll carotenoids belonging to the isoprenoids, on inhibiting the angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma (GBM) via an in vitro and in vivo study. METHODS The effects of Zea on the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of human GBM cell lines were detected by cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion assay and Transwell assay. The effect of Zea on angiogenesis was detected by rat aortic ring assay and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro tube formation assay. The effects of Zea on PARP, Caspase 3 and VEGFR2 phosphorylation as well as VEGFR2's downstream signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The in vivo human GBM xenograft mouse model was employed to study the therapeutic efficacy of Zea. RESULTS Zea impaired the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells as well as HUVECs. Rat aortic ring experiments displayed Zea significantly inhibited angiogenesis during VEGF-induced microvascular germination. In vitro and in vivo vascular experiments verified that Zea inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation and capillary-like tube formation. Additionally, Zea induced GBM cells apoptosis via increasing the expression of cleaved PARP and Caspase 3. In HUVECs and U251 GBM cells, Zea down-regulated VEGF-induced activation of the VEGFR2 kinase pathway. Meanwhile the expression of p-AKT, p-ERK, p-STAT3 and FAK were all attenuated in U251 cells. Moreover, the effects of Zea on GBM cells proliferation could be blocked by VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor SU5408. These results suggest that Zea may hinder GBM angiogenesis and tumor growth through down-regulating a cascade of oncogenic signaling pathways, both through the inhibition of angiogenesis and the anti-tumor mechanism of a direct cytotoxic effect. Besides, Zea inhibits GBM angiogenesis and tumor growth exemplified through a xenograft mouse model in vivo. CONCLUSION Zea impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of GBM both in vitro and in vivo. It can be declared that Zea is a potential valuable anticancer candidate for the future treatment strategy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Jiaming Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China.
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China.
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Yang L, Li Z, Fang J. Scutellarin Alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy via the Suppression of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptor Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 Inflammasome Activation. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:180-187. [PMID: 38014534 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2273777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy, a prevalent complication of diabetes, represents the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among middle-aged and elderly populations. Recent research has demonstrated the ameliorating effects of scutellarin on diabetes-associated complications such as diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, investigations into its protective impact and underlying mechanisms on diabetic retinopathy are scant. This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of scutellarin in diabetic retinopathy treatment. METHODS Diabetic retinopathy was induced in rats through intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) administered daily for three consecutive days. Following this, diabetic retinopathy rats received daily intragastric administration of scutellarin (40 mg/kg) for 42 days. RESULTS Our findings suggest that scutellarin alleviates histological damage in the retinal tissues of streptozotocin-challenged rats. Furthermore, scutellarin effectively enhances total retinal thickness and increases the number of ganglion cell layer (GCL) cells in the retinal tissues of streptozotocin-treated rats. Scutellarin also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the retinal tissues of STZ-induced rats, as indicated by reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, and elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Additionally, scutellarin effectively inhibited the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 inflammasome-related markers in the retinal tissues of streptozotocin-administered rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that scutellarin significantly reduces streptozotocin-induced retinal inflammation, an effect that may be partially attributed to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zheming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Rohilla M, Rishabh, Bansal S, Garg A, Dhiman S, Dhankhar S, Saini M, Chauhan S, Alsubaie N, Batiha GES, Albezrah NKA, Singh TG. Discussing pathologic mechanisms of Diabetic retinopathy & therapeutic potentials of curcumin and β-glucogallin in the management of Diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115881. [PMID: 37989030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of retinal microangiopathy that occurs as a result of long-term Diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with Diabetes mellitus typically suffer from DR as a progression of the disease that may be due to initiation and dysregulation of pathways like the polyol, hexosamine, the AGE/RAGE, and the PKC pathway, which all have negative impacts on eye health and vision. In this review, various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct, were scoured for data relevant to the aforementioned title. The three most common therapies for DR today are retinal photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, and vitrectomy, however, there are a number of drawbacks and limits to these methods. So, it is of critical importance and profound interest to discover treatments that may successfully address the pathogenesis of DR. Curcumin and β-glucogallin are the two potent compounds of natural origin that are already being used in various nutraceutical formulations for several ailments. They have been shown potent antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and pro-vascular function benefits in animal experiments. Their parent plant species have been used for generations by practitioners of traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and prevention of various eye ailments. In this review, we will discuss about pathophysiology of Diabetic retinopathy and the therapeutic potentials of curcumin and β-glucogallin one of the principal compounds from Curcuma longa and Emblica officinalis in Diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Rohilla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Ram Nagar, Banur, Punjab 140601, India
| | - Rishabh
- M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Anjali Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; Swami Devi Dyal College of Pharmacy, Golpura Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana 134118, India
| | - Sachin Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Sanchit Dhankhar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Ram Nagar, Banur, Punjab 140601, India; M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Nawal Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Nisreen Khalid Aref Albezrah
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Medicine College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
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Tang F, Liu D, Zhang L, Xu LY, Zhang JN, Zhao XL, Ao H, Peng C. Targeting endothelial cells with golden spice curcumin: A promising therapy for cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106953. [PMID: 37804925 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is an increasingly significant global public health concern. It encompasses the coexistence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, heart disease, atherosclerosis, and T2DM. A crucial component to the development of CMM is the disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Therefore, therapies targeting endothelial cells through multi-targeted and multi-pathway approaches hold promise for preventing and treatment of CMM. Curcumin, a widely used dietary supplement derived from the golden spice Carcuma longa, has demonstrated remarkable potential in treatment of CMM through its interaction with endothelial cells. Numerous studies have identified various molecular targets of curcumin (such as NF-κB/PI3K/AKT, MAPK/NF-κB/IL-1β, HO-1, NOs, VEGF, ICAM-1 and ROS). These findings highlight the efficacy of curcumin as a therapeutic agent against CMM through the regulation of endothelial function. It is worth noting that there is a close relationship between the progression of CMM and endothelial damage, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal NO bioavailability and cell adhesion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of curcumin, including its availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and therapeutic application in treatment of CMM, as well as the challenges and future prospects for its clinical translation. In summary, curcumin shows promise as a potential treatment option for CMM, particularly due to its ability to target endothelial cells. It represents a novel and natural lead compound that may offer significant therapeutic benefits in the management of CMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li-Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jing-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Moemen LAAA, El Shahat Ebeid M, A Abdelazeem A, Kenawy M Kenawy M, M Osman Z. Tumour necrosis factor α-308 G/a and -238 G/a polymorphisms as predicator of diabetic retinopathy in Egyptians. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1143-1151. [PMID: 33910435 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1908365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a duration dependent serious micro vascular insult of diabetes mellitus. Inflammation has a critical role in the development of early and late stage of DR. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine that promoteup regulation of adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment and monocyte attraction. TNF-α levels are increased in retinas or vitreous of diabetic animals. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed in a sample of diabetic patients who attend diabetes polyclinic of RIO Hospital, Giza, Egypt, between October 2016 and December 2019. Three hundred diabetic patients were studied (150 males and 150 females). 100 diabetic patients without retinopathy, 100 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy (PDR), 100diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR), also 100 healthy subjects as a control group All patients and subjects were analysed for serum TNF-α levels by ELISA assay and -308 G/A and -238 G/A polymorphism by using Restriction fragment length polymorphisms. AIM Evaluating the role of tumour necrosis factor α and -308 G/A, -238 G/A polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among Egyptian patients. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in TNF-α levels was detected in diabetic without retinopathy, NPDR and PDR groups compared to control group (p > .001). There were no significant different in Genotype and allele frequencies of the -308G/A, and -238 G/A, polymorphisms in both NPDR and PDR. However, the G/G genotype of the -308 G/A polymorphism occurred more frequently in PDR patients with than NPDR patients (0.74% vs 0.68%). CONCLUSION The present study clearly demonstrated increased levels of TNF-α, in diabetic patients with diabetic without retinopathy, NPDR and PDR. Furthermore, this study suggested that TNF-α assay could be used as diagnostic tools to predict the initiation and progression of diabetic retinopathy. They could serve as biomarkers not only for an early detection of the disease, but also to monitor the effects of therapy. Also, the G/G genotype of the -308 G/A polymorphism and the G allele of TNF-α gene were more frequent in PDR patients than with NPDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El Shahat Ebeid
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat University, Sadat, Egypt
| | | | | | - Zeinab M Osman
- Ophthalmology Medical Retina, Research institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Zhu ML, Yu YN, Song YT, Wang CY, Miao Z, Chen BL, Guo S, Shen MM, Zhang MX, Zhan HQ, Yang PF, Wang QQ, Yin YL, Li P. Cardioprotective role of A-cycloglycosylated derivative of Rubiadin in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110008. [PMID: 36989899 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a kind of idiopathic heart disease, which is one of the main complications of diabetes and seriously threatens the life of diabetic patients. Rubiadin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from the stems and roots of rubiaceae, has been widely discussed for its anti-diabetes, anti-oxidation and other pharmacological effects. However, Rubiadin can cause drug-induced liver injury. Therefore, A-cycloglycosylated derivative of Rubiadin (ACDR) was obtained by modifying its structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ACDR on DCM cardiac injury and its mechanism. The DCM animal model was established by streptozotocin, and the success of DCM was verified by blood glucose level, echocardiographic evidence of impaired myocardial functions along with enhanced myocardial fibrosis. We performed liver function tests, morphological staining of the heart and tests for oxidative stress to evaluate cardiac functional and structural changes. Finally, the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western bolt, and the expression of hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1 (Hey1) and P-p38 protein was detected by immunofluorescence chemistry and western blotting. The results showed that ACDR can improve cardiac dysfunction, reduce myocardial injury, reduce oxidative stress, and protect the liver in DCM rats. Interestingly, all variations were countered by LiCl. Our study suggests that, along with controlling hyperglycemia, ACDR may improve DCM by reducing NHE1 expression, further inhibiting P-p38 activity and increasing Hey1 expression to reduce oxidative stress.
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10
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Advanced Glycation End-Products and Diabetic Neuropathy of the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032927. [PMID: 36769249 PMCID: PMC9917392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a tissue-specific neurovascular impairment of the retina in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Several pathological factors are involved in the progressive impairment of the interdependence between cells that consist of the neurovascular units (NVUs). The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are one of the major pathological factors that cause the impairments of neurovascular coupling in diabetic retinopathy. Although the exact mechanisms for the toxicities of the AGEs in diabetic retinopathy have not been definitively determined, the AGE-receptor of the AGE (RAGE) axis, production of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory reactions, and the activation of the cell death pathways are associated with the impairment of the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy. More specifically, neuronal cell death is an irreversible change that is directly associated with vision reduction in diabetic patients. Thus, neuroprotective therapies must be established for diabetic retinopathy. The AGEs are one of the therapeutic targets to examine to ameliorate the pathological changes in the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on the basic and pathological findings of AGE-induced neurovascular abnormalities and the potential therapeutic approaches, including the use of anti-glycated drugs to protect the AGE-induced impairments of the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy.
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Olivares-González L, Velasco S, Campillo I, Millán JM, Rodrigo R. Redox Status in Retinitis Pigmentosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:443-448. [PMID: 37440070 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by the progressive loss of vision. It is a rare disease. Despite being a genetic disease, its progression is influenced by oxidative damage and chemokines and cytokines released by the activated immune cells (e.g., macrophages or microglia). The role of oxidative stress is very important in the retina. Rods are the main consumers of oxygen (O2), so they are constantly exposed to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. According to the oxidative hypothesis, after rod death in the early stages of the disease, O2 would accumulate in large quantities in the retina, producing hyperoxia and favoring the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species that would cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, exacerbating the process of retinal degeneration. Evidence shows alterations in the antioxidant-oxidant state in patients and in animal models of RP. In recent years, therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress have emerged as useful therapies to slow down the progression of RP. We focus this review on oxidative stress and its relationship with the progression of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Olivares-González
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Velasco
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Campillo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Millán
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Rodrigo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Che S, Wu S, Yu P. Downregulated HDAC3 or up-regulated microRNA-296-5p alleviates diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model. Regen Ther 2022; 21:1-8. [PMID: 35619945 PMCID: PMC9121075 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It has been demonstrated the efficacy of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in diabetes. Nevertheless, the function of HDAC3 in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remained largely obscure. Here, we investigated the HDAC3 effects in DR mice through the microRNA (miR)-296-5p/G protein subunit alpha i2 (GNAI2) axis. Methods The mice diabetes model was established. HDAC3, GNAI2 and miR-296-5p levels in retina tissues of DR mice were evaluated. The weight, blood glucose, Evans blue leakage in DR mice, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in DR mice were detected after miR-296-5p elevation or HDAC3 depletion. The relations among HDAC3, miR-296-5p and GNAI2 were validated. Results HDAC3 and GNAI2 expressed at a high level while miR-296-5p expressed at a low level in retina tissues of DR mice. Restoring miR-296-5p or depleting HDAC3 reduced Evans blue leakage in DR mice, attenuated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, reduced VEGF and MDA, and enhanced SOD activity in serum and retinal tissues of DR mice. HDAC3 repressed miR-296-5p expression by binding to its promoter region, thereby enhancing GNAI2 expression. Conclusion Depleting HDAC3 or restoring miR-296-5p suppresses apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells of DR mice via down-regulating GNAI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtian Che
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 4026, Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department Orbital Diseases & Ocular Plastic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 4026, Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 4026, Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Peng Yu Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 4026, Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China. Tel: +0431-81136535
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Wang M, Sheng KJ, Fang JC, Zhao H, Lu SM, Liu ZY, Chen BT. Redox signaling in diabetic retinopathy and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Yin YL, Wang HH, Gui ZC, Mi S, Guo S, Wang Y, Wang QQ, Yue RZ, Lin LB, Fan JX, Zhang X, Mao BY, Liu TH, Wan GR, Zhan HQ, Zhu ML, Jiang LH, Li P. Citronellal Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Damage through TRPM2/NHE1 Pathway and Effectively Inhibits Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2241. [PMID: 36421426 PMCID: PMC9686689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis. However, there are few effective drugs to prevent and cure it. Citronellal (CT) is an aromatic active substance extracted from citronella plants. Recently, CT has been shown to prevent ED, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CT ameliorated T2DM-induced ED by inhibiting the TRPM2/NHE1 signal pathway. Transient receptor potential channel M2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel activated by oxidative stress, which damages endothelial cell barrier function and further leads to ED or atherosclerosis in T2DM. The Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), a transmembrane protein, also plays an important role in ED. Whether TRPM2 and NHE1 are involved in the mechanism of CT improving ED in T2DM still needs further study. Through the evaluations of ophthalmoscope, HE and Oil red staining, vascular function, oxidative stress level, and mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation, we observed that CT not only reduced the formation of lipid deposition but also inhibited ED and suppressed oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage in vasculature of T2DM rats. The expressions of NHE1 and TRPM2 was up-regulated in the carotid vessels of T2DM rats; NHE1 expression was also upregulated in endothelial cells with overexpression of TRPM2, but CT reversed the up-regulation of NHE1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, CT had no inhibitory effect on the expression of NHE1 in TRPM2 knockout mice. Our study show that CT suppressed the expression of NHE1 and TPRM2, alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, and imposed a protective effect on ED in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yin
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zi-Chen Gui
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shan Mi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Sanquan College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Yue
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lai-Biao Lin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jia-Xin Fan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bing-Yan Mao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tian-Heng Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - He-Qin Zhan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Mo-Li Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peng Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Bhatia S, Babbar R, Zehravi M, Singh B, Chandel P, Hasan MM, Arora R, Gill NS, Sindhu RK, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Rahman MH. Angiogenic footprints in diabetic retinopathy: opportunities for drug development. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:118-142. [PMID: 35876332 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the withering disorders that has been making the lives of patients miserable. Arising as a result of chronic high blood sugar levels in diabetes patients, retinopathy has become a major reason causing permanent blindness, retinal detachment, vitreous humor, rage, or glaucoma among patients. Angiogenesis being the major culprit behind the development of this condition is the growth of new blood vessels from the earlier ones existing. The abnormal growth and poor development of blood vessels also lead to aggravation of the conditions, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) playing a major role in the process. Various anti-angiogenic therapies or anti-VEGF therapies are being explored for the treatment of this condition. 4 widely explored drugs being-Bevacizumab, pegaptanib sodium, ranibizumab, and aflibercept. The review article tries to summarize studies illustrating the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy along with some of the herbal therapeutic paradigms displaying anti-angiogenic action that is being used to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiveena Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj, Alkharj, Saudia Arabia
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Parteek Chandel
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | | | - Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Community College, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Farhat S Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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16
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4708527. [PMID: 35310030 PMCID: PMC8926515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4708527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.
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Discovery of Therapeutic Candidates for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Molecular Switch Analysis: Application of a Systematic Process. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3412032. [PMID: 35035658 PMCID: PMC8758313 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3412032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complicated, and there is no effective drug. Oxidative stress-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) injury is one of the pathogenic factors for DR. Molecular switches are considered high-risk targets in disease progression. Identification of molecular switch is crucial to interpret the pathogenesis of disease and screen effective ingredients. In this study, a systematic process was executed to discover therapeutic candidates for DR based on HRMECs injury. First of all, the molecular mechanism of HRMECs oxidative stress injury was revealed by transcriptomics and network pharmacology. We found that oxidative stress was one of the pivotal pathogenic factors, which interfered with vascular system development, inflammation, cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton damaged HRMECs through crosstalk. Then, network topology analysis was used to recognize molecular switches. The results indicated that the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was the molecular switch in HRMECs oxidative stress injury. On this basis, the HEK293-ARE overexpression cell line was applied to obtain 18 active traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredients. Furthermore, andrographolide, one of the 18 candidates, was applied in the HRMECs oxidative stress model to evaluate the accuracy of the systematic process. The efficacy evaluation results showed that andrographolide could regulate oxidative stress, vascular system development, inflammation, adhesion, and skeleton tissue to inhibit HRMECs injury cooperatively. And its mechanism was related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Overall, our data suggest that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is the molecular switch in the HRMECs oxidative stress injury. 18 potential Nrf2 agonists are likely to be promising DR candidates.
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Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin in Diabetes: A Review and Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1375892. [PMID: 35155670 PMCID: PMC8828342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1375892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease with multifactorial causes which requires lifelong drug therapy as well as lifestyle changes. There is now growing scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of the use of herbal supplements in the prevention and control of diabetes. Curcumin is one of the most studied bioactive components of traditional medicine, but its physicochemical characteristics are represented by low solubility, poor absorption, and low efficacy. Nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical formulations can help overcome the problems of reduced bioavailability of curcumin and increase its antidiabetic effects. The objectives of this review were to review the effects of nanocurcumin on DM and to search for databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. The results showed that the antidiabetic activity of nanocurcumin is due to complex pharmacological mechanisms by reducing the characteristic hyperglycemia of DM. In light of these results, nanocurcumin may be considered as potential agent in the pharmacotherapeutic management of patients with diabetes.
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20
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Herbal medicine for ocular diseases: An age old therapy and its future perspective. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Neurovascular Impairment and Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Retinopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010439. [PMID: 35010703 PMCID: PMC8744686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy has recently been defined as a highly specific neurovascular complication of diabetes. The chronic progression of the impairment of the interdependence of neurovascular units (NVUs) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The NVUs consist of neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, and the interdependent relationships between these cells are disturbed under diabetic conditions. Clinicians should understand and update the current knowledge of the neurovascular impairments in diabetic retinopathy. Above all, neuronal cell death is an irreversible change, and it is directly related to vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Thus, neuroprotective and vasoprotective therapies for diabetic retinopathy must be established. Understanding the physiological and pathological interdependence of the NVUs is helpful in establishing neuroprotective and vasoprotective therapies for diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of the neurovascular impairments and introduces possible neurovascular protective therapies for diabetic retinopathy.
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22
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Xie T, Chen X, Chen W, Huang S, Peng X, Tian L, Wu X, Huang Y. Curcumin is a Potential Adjuvant to Alleviates Diabetic Retinal Injury via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Maintaining Nrf2 Pathway Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:796565. [PMID: 34955862 PMCID: PMC8702852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol compound with anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although many studies have reported the protective effect of curcumin in diabetes mellitus or diabetic nephropathy, there is a lack of research on curcumin in diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin on the diabetic retinal injury. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (60, n = 12 each) were respectively given curcumin orally (200 mg/kg/day), insulin subcutaneously (4–6 IU/day), and combined therapy with curcumin and insulin for 4 weeks. Retinal histopathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and transcriptome profiles from each group were observed. Curcumin, insulin, or combination therapy significantly reduced blood glucose, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved pathological damage in diabetic rats. Curcumin not only significantly reduced retinal edema but also had a better anti-photoreceptor apoptosis effect than insulin. In the early stage of diabetes, the enhancement of oxidative stress in the retina induced the adaptive activation of the nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Treatment of curcumin alleviated the compensatory activation of the Nrf2 pathway induced by oxidative stress, by virtue of its antioxidant ability to transfer hydrogen atoms to free radicals. When curcumin combined with insulin, the effect of maintaining Nrf2 pathway homeostasis in diabetic rats was better than that of insulin alone. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that curcumin either alone, or combined with insulin, inhibited the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction in the diabetic retina. Thus, at the early stage of diabetes, curcumin can be used to alleviate diabetic retinal injury through its anti-oxidative effect. If taking curcumin as a potential complementary therapeutic option in combination with antihyperglycemic agents, which would lead to more effective therapeutic outcomes against diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Medical Technology Experimental Teaching Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Medical Technology Experimental Teaching Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sien Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinye Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Polyphenols and Posterior Segment Eye Diseases: Effects on Angiogenesis, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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M V, Wang K. Dietary natural products as a potential inhibitor towards advanced glycation end products and hyperglycemic complications: A phytotherapy approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112336. [PMID: 34678719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products exist in various natural foods such as plants, herbs, fruits, and vegetables. Furthermore, marine life offers potential natural products with significant biological activity. The biochemical reaction is known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) occurs in the human body. On the other hand, foods are capable of a wide range of processing conditions resulting in the generation of exogenous AGEs adducts. Protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end products both contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperglycemic complications. AGEs also play a pivotal role in microvascular and macrovascular complications progression by receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE activate by AGEs leads to up-regulation of transcriptional factor NF-kB and inflammatory genes. Around the globe, researchers are working in various approaches for therapeutical implications on controlling AGEs mediated disease complications. In this regard, one of the potential promising agents observed with a wide range of AGEs inhibition by food-derived natural products. Current biotechnological tools have been turned to natural products or phytochemicals to manufacture the molecules without compromising their functionality. Metabolic engineering and bioinformatics perspectives have recently enabled the generation of a few potent metabolites with anti-diabetic activity. As the primary focus, this review article will also discuss multidisciplinary approaches that emphasize current advances in anti-diabetic therapeutic action and future perspectives of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykrishnaraj M
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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25
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26
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Behl T, Kumar K, Singh S, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Buhas C, Teodora Judea-Pusta C, Negrut N, Alexandru Munteanu M, Brisc C, Bungau S. Unveiling the role of polyphenols in diabetic retinopathy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Rossino MG, Amato R, Amadio M, Rosini M, Basagni F, Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Casini G. A Nature-Inspired Nrf2 Activator Protects Retinal Explants from Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1296. [PMID: 34439544 PMCID: PMC8389314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in retinal dysfunctions and acts as a major trigger of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in several retinal diseases. To prevent OS-induced retinal damage, approaches based on the use of natural compounds are actively investigated. Recently, structural features from curcumin and diallyl sulfide have been combined in a nature-inspired hybrid (NIH1), which has been described to activate transcription nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, in different cell lines. We tested the antioxidant properties of NIH1 in mouse retinal explants. NIH1 increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2 expression, and both antioxidant enzyme expression and protein levels after 24 h or six days of incubation. Possible toxic effects of NIH1 were excluded since it did not alter the expression of apoptotic or gliotic markers. In OS-treated retinal explants, NIH1 strengthened the antioxidant response inducing a massive and persistent expression of antioxidant enzymes up to six days of incubation. These effects resulted in prevention of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, of apoptotic cell death, and of gliotic reactivity. Together, these data indicate that a strategy based on NIH1 to counteract OS could be effective for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Rossino
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Nian S, Lo ACY, Mi Y, Ren K, Yang D. Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:15. [PMID: 33931128 PMCID: PMC8088070 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized countries. It has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the retina. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the retina. Deterioration of neural retina could precede microvascular abnormalities in the DR, leading to microvascular changes. Furthermore, disruption of interactions among neurons, vascular cells, glia and local immune cells, which collectively form the neurovascular unit, is considered to be associated with the progression of DR early on in the disease. Therefore, it makes sense to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse retinal neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and impaired cell-cell interactions of the neurovascular unit in early stage DR. Here, we present current perspectives on the pathophysiology of DR as a neurovascular disease, especially at the early stage. Potential novel treatments for preventing or reversing neurovascular injuries in DR are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Nian
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Amy C Y Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yajing Mi
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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29
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Sampath C, Wilus D, Tabatabai M, Freeman ML, Gangula PR. Mechanistic role of antioxidants in rescuing delayed gastric emptying in high fat diet induced diabetic female mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111370. [PMID: 33761597 PMCID: PMC7994545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) exhibits delayed gastric emptying (GE) due to impaired gastric non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation. These defects are due to loss or reduction of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) that causes reduced expression and/or dimerization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase alpha (nNOSα) gene expression and function. We investigated the effect of potent Nrf2 activators (cinnamaldehyde [CNM] & curcumin [CUR]) on GE in obesity-induced diabetic female mice. We fed adult female homozygous Nfe2l2-/- (Nrf2 KO) and wild-type (WT) female mice with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) for a period of 16 weeks. Groups of HFD mice were fed with CUR or CNM either at 6th or 10th week respectively. Our results demonstrate that supplementation of CNM or CUR restored impaired nitrergic relaxation and attenuated delayed GE in HFD fed mice. Supplementation of CNM or CUR normalized altered gastric antrum protein expression of (1) p-ERK/p-JNK/MAPK/p-GSK-3β, (2) BH4 (Cofactor of nNOS) biosynthesis enzyme GCH-1 and the GSH/GSSG ratio, (3) nNOSα protein & dimerization and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), (4) AhR and ER expression, (5) inflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-1β, IL-6), (6)TLR-4, as well as (7) reduced oxidative stress markers in WT but not in Nrf2 KO obesity-induced chronic diabetic female mice. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between nNOS and Nrf2 proteins. Our results conclude that Nrf2 activation restores nitrergic-mediated gastric motility and GE by normalizing inflammation and oxidative stress induced by obesity-induced chronic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek Wilus
- Biostatistics, School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- Biostatistics, School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pandu R Gangula
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
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30
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Uddin SJ, Hasan MF, Afroz M, Sarker DK, Rouf R, Islam MT, Shilpi JA, Mubarak MS. Curcumin and its Multi-target Function Against Pain and Inflammation: An Update of Pre-clinical Data. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:656-671. [PMID: 32981501 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200925150022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensation that has complex and varying causative etiology. Modern drug discovery focuses on identifying potential molecules that target multiple pathways with a safer profile compared to those with a single target. The current treatment of pain and inflammation with the available therapeutics has a number of major side effects. Pain is one of the major clinical problems that need functional therapeutics which act on multiple targets and with low toxicity. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa, has been used for years in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and in many other systems of traditional medicine. Pre-clinical data published thus far demonstrated that curcumin possesses multi-target biological functions, suggesting its potential use to cure different diseases. However, there is no or very brief systematic review of its potential use in pain and inflammation with underlying mechanisms for such activities. Accordingly, the aim of the current review was to update the pre-clinical data of curcumin and its multiple targeting pathways for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and to further propose a molecular mechanism(s). A literature study was conducted using different known databases, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Available pre-clinical data suggest the ameliorating effect of curcumin in pain and inflammation is rendered through the modulation of pain pathways, including inhibition of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibition of oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), down-regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-depend protein kinase II (CaMKIIα) and calcium channels like transient receptor potential (TRP), modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor-2 (mGlu2), modulation of monoamine system, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, inhibition of JNK/MAPK and ERK/CREB signaling pathway, and activation of the opioid system. Taken all together, it is evident that curcumin is one of the promising, safe, and natural polyphenolic molecules that target multiple molecular pathways in pain and can be beneficial in the treatment and management of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Md Fahim Hasan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Mohasana Afroz
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka)-8100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka)-8100, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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31
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Yang J, Miao X, Yang FJ, Cao JF, Liu X, Fu JL, Su GF. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:75. [PMID: 33693955 PMCID: PMC7949626 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus. It has become the leading cause of blindness among working individuals worldwide. DR is becoming increasingly common among younger diabetic patients and there is a need for lifelong treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms of DR are influenced by a number of factors, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, among others. Currently, the treatment methods for DR mainly include retinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy, or anti‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, these methods have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, it is a matter of great interest and urgency to discover drugs that can target the pathogenesis of DR. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated extensive experiences in the use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, curcumin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. A number of studies have also demonstrated that curcumin has multiple biological activities, including exerting anti‑apoptotic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In recent years, studies have also confirmed that curcumin can prevent a variety of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the preventive and curative effects of curcumin on DR and its mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetes mellitus and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Juan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Sena-Júnior AS, Aidar FJ, de Oliveira e Silva AM, Estevam CDS, de Oliveira Carvalho CR, Lima FB, dos Santos JL, Marçal AC. Whether or Not the Effects of Curcuma longa Supplementation Are Associated with Physical Exercises in T1DM and T2DM: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010124. [PMID: 33396291 PMCID: PMC7823559 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world; one of its main characteristics is chronic hyperglycemia. Pharmacotherapy and other alternatives such as regular exercise are among the therapeutic methods used to control this pathology and participate in glycemic control, as well as the ingestion of plant extracts with antioxidant effects. Among the different plants used for this purpose, curcumin has potential to be used to attenuate the hyperglycemic condition triggered by diabetes mellitus (DM). Some prior studies suggest that this plant has antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential. This review aims to evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of curcumin supplementation in Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM). The search considered articles published between 2010 and 2019 in English and Portuguese, and a theoretical survey of relevant information was conducted in the main databases of scientific publications, including the Virtual Health Library and its indexed databases, PubMed, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences-Health Information for Latin America and the Caribbean-BIREME/PAHO/WHO), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The associated use of turmeric and physical exercise has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects, suggesting that these could be used as potential therapeutic methods to improve the quality of life and survival of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.-J.); (F.J.A.); (J.L.d.S.)
| | - Felipe José Aidar
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.-J.); (F.J.A.); (J.L.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil;
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe CEP 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Charles dos Santos Estevam
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil;
- Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Northeast Network in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.R.d.O.C.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.R.d.O.C.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Jymmys Lopes dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.-J.); (F.J.A.); (J.L.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil; (A.S.S.-J.); (F.J.A.); (J.L.d.S.)
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Ullah H, De Filippis A, Santarcangelo C, Daglia M. Epigenetic regulation by polyphenols in diabetes and related complications. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and one of the most challenging health problems worldwide. Left untreated, it may progress causing serious complications. Genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors are known to play an overlapping role in the pathogenesis of DM. Growing evidence suggests the hypothesis that the environment induces changes in the early phases of growth and development, influencing health and disease in the adulthood through the alteration in genetic expression of an individual, at least in part. DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs are three mechanisms responsible for epigenetic alterations. The daily diet contains a number of secondary metabolites, with polyphenols being highest in abundance, which contribute to overall health and may prevent or delay the onset of many chronic diseases. Polyphenols have the ability to alter metabolic and signaling pathways at various levels, such as gene expression, epigenetic regulation, protein expression and enzyme activity. The potential efficacy of polyphenolic compounds on glucose homeostasis has been evidenced from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The present review is designed to focus on epigenetic regulation exerted by polyphenolic compounds in DM and their complications, as well as to summarize clinical trials involving polyphenols in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Júnior ASS, Aidar FJ, Santos JLD, Estevam CDS, Dos Santos JDM, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Lima FB, De Araújo SS, Marçal AC. Effects of resistance training and turmeric supplementation on reactive species marker stress in diabetic rats. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:45. [PMID: 32774865 PMCID: PMC7409633 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species caused by autoimmune destruction of beta-cells in the pancreas. Among the antioxidant compounds, Curcuma longa (CL) has potential antioxidant effects and may improve hyperglycemia in uncontrolled T1DM/TD1, as well as prevent its complications (higher costs for the maintenance of health per patient, functional disability, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic damage). In addition to the use of compounds to attenuate the effects triggered by diabetes, physical exercise is also essential for glycemic control and the maintenance of skeletal muscles. Our objective is to evaluate the effects of CL supplementation associated with moderate- to high-intensity resistance training on the parameters of body weight recovery, glycemic control, reactive species markers, and tissue damage in rats with T1DM/TD1. Methods Forty male 3-month-old Wistar rats (200–250 g) with alloxan-induced T1DM were divided into 4 groups (n = 7–10): sedentary diabetics (DC); diabetic rats that underwent a 4-week resistance training protocol (TD); CL-supplemented diabetic rats (200 mg/kg body weight, 3x a week) (SD); and supplemented diabetic rats under the same conditions as above and submitted to training (TSD). Body weight, blood glucose, and the following biochemical markers were analyzed: lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results Compared to the DC group, the TD group showed body weight gain (↑7.99%, p = 0.0153) and attenuated glycemia (↓23.14%, p = 0.0008) and total cholesterol (↓31.72%, p ≤ 0.0041) associated with diminished reactive species markers in pancreatic (↓45.53%, p < 0.0001) and cardiac tissues (↓51.85%, p < 0.0001). In addition, compared to DC, TSD promoted body weight recovery (↑15.44%, p ≤ 0.0001); attenuated glycemia (↓42.40%, p ≤ 0.0001), triglycerides (↓39.96%, p ≤ 0.001), and total cholesterol (↓28.61%, p ≤ 0.05); and attenuated the reactive species markers in the serum (↓26.92%, p ≤ 0.01), pancreas (↓46.22%, p ≤ 0.0001), cardiac (↓55.33%, p ≤ 0.001), and skeletal muscle (↓42.27%, p ≤ 0.001) tissues caused by T1DM. Conclusion Resistance training associated (and/or not) with the use of Curcuma longa attenuated weight loss, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, reactive species markers, and T1DM-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe José Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil.,Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvan Silva De Araújo
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
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35
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Ikonne EU, Ikpeazu VO, Ugbogu EA. The potential health benefits of dietary natural plant products in age related eye diseases. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04408. [PMID: 32685729 PMCID: PMC7355812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of cases of age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These diseases are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness all over the world and are associated with many pathological risk factors such as aging, pollution, high levels of glucose (hyperglycaemia), high metabolic rates, and light exposure. These risk factors lead to the generation of uncontrollable reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of age-related eye diseases through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and lipid peroxidation, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, protein and DNA damages, apoptosis that causes macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review provides updated information on the beneficial effects of dietary natural plant products (DPNPs) against age-related eye diseases. In this review, supplementation of DPNPs demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects on people at risk of or with age-related eye diseases due to their capacity to scavenge free radicals, ameliorate inflammatory molecules, neutralize the oxidation reaction that occurs in photoreceptor cells, decrease vascular endothelial growth factor and the blood-retinal barrier and increase the antioxidant defence system. However, further experiments and clinical trials are required to establish the daily doses of DPNPs that will safely and effectively prevent age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Okezie Ikpeazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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36
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Curcumin derivatives for Type 2 Diabetes management and prevention of complications. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:567-581. [PMID: 32557163 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronically increased blood glucose levels, which is associated with impairment of the inflammatory and oxidative state and dyslipidaemia. Although it is considered a world heath concern and one of the most studied diseases, we are still pursuing an effective therapy for both the pathophysiological mechanisms and the complications. Curcumin, a natural compound found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is well known for its numerous biological activities, as demonstrated by several studies supporting that curcumin possesses hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, among others. These effects have been explored to the attenuation of hyperglycaemia and progression of DM complications, being appointed as a potential therapeutic approach. Besides its strong intrinsic activity, the polyphenol has low bioavailability, compromising its therapeutic efficacy. In order to overcome this limitation, several chemical strategies have been applied to curcumin, such as drug delivery systems, chemical manipulation and the use of adjuvant therapies. Given the promising results obtained with curcumin derivative, in this review we discuss not only the therapeutic targets of curcumin, but also its most recently developed analogues and their efficacy in the management of T2DM pathophysiology and complications.
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Zhou M, Li G, Zhu L, Zhou H, Lu L. Arctiin attenuates high glucose-induced human retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation by regulating ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt/VEGF pathway in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5695-5706. [PMID: 32297701 PMCID: PMC7214144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes, which remains the leading cause of legal blindness in the world. Arctiin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of arctiin on a human retinal capillary endothelial cell (HRCEC) line and how arctiin inhibits cell proliferation in high glucose (HG)-induced HRCECs. Results showed that arctiin decreased HG-induced HRCECs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Tube formation assay and immunofluorescence staining indicated that arctiin abrogated tube formation induced by HG-induced HRCECs in a dose-dependent manner via down-regulation of VEGF expression. Mechanistic study indicated that perturbation of the ROCK1/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a vital role in the arctiin-mediated anti-proliferative effect. Furthermore, pre-incubation of HRCECs with Y-27632 attenuated arctiin-induced cell cycle arrest, cell proliferation and tube formation inhibition. Y-27632 also reversed the activation of PTEN, the inactivation/dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and down-regulation of VEGF. Taken together, the results demonstrated that arctiin inhibits the proliferation of HG-induced HRCECs through the activation of ROCK1 and PTEN and inactivation of PI3K and Akt, resulting in down-regulation of VEGF, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of PharmacyXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Laichun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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38
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Ferrara M, Allegrini D, Sorrentino T, Sborgia G, Parmeggiani F, Borgia A, Romano MR. Curcumin-Based Treatment for Macular Edema from Uncommon Etiologies: Efficacy and Safety Assessment. J Med Food 2020; 23:834-840. [PMID: 31913752 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of curcumin formulation with a polyvinylpyrrolidone-hydrophilic carrier (CHC*; Diabec®-AlfaIntes, Italy) for the treatment of macular edema (ME) from uncommon etiologies. We conducted retrospective interventional case series, reviewing the medical records of patients referred to the Eye Center, Humanitas Hospital, Bergamo due to persistent ME related to uncommon causes and treated by oral administration of CHC. The main outcomes assessed were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the presence of intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid (SRF). Only patients with a minimum follow-up (f/u) of 6 months were included. The occurrence of any adverse effect was registered. Thirty-one eyes of 30 patients were included, with a mean f/u of 8.32 ± 1.77 months. Of them, 9 patients (10 eyes) were affected by postoperative ME and 21 by chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Median BCVA significantly improved after treatment, changing from 0.3 [0.16-0.5] to 0.1 [0-0.3] logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (P < .001). Also CMT was significantly improved, as it decreased from 400 [364-438] μm before treatment to 280 [242-307] μm at the last f/u visit (P < .001). The complete absorption of intraretinal/SRF was detected in 23 of 31 eyes (74%) at the final f/u. No adverse effects were registered. In conclusion, treatment with CHC was effective and safe for eyes affected by ME of various uncommon etiologies, resulting in significant improvement of both functional and anatomical outcomes, with the complete resolution of the edema in the majority of cases (74%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Sborgia
- Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Eye Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Borgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario R Romano
- Eye Center, Humanitas, Bergamo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
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Pillar S, Moisseiev E, Sokolovska J, Grzybowski A. Recent Developments in Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration: A Literature Review. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:5728674. [PMID: 34151902 PMCID: PMC7787838 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5728674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration plays a significant role in the complex pathology of diabetic retinopathy. Evidence suggests the onset of neurodegeneration occurs early on in the disease, and so a greater understanding of the process is essential for prompt detection and targeted therapies. Neurodegeneration is a common pathway of assorted processes, including activation of inflammatory pathways, reduction of neuroprotective factors, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress and formation of advanced glycation end products amplify these processes and are elevated in the setting of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glucose variability. These key pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed, as well as diagnostic modalities and novel therapeutic avenues, with an emphasis on recent discoveries. The aim of this article is to highlight the crucial role of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy and to review the molecular basis for this neuronal dysfunction, its diagnostic features, and the progress currently made in relevant therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Pillar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland
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Karan A, Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Jayasuriya R, Sarada DVL, Ramkumar KM. The pivotal role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2019; 153:104601. [PMID: 31838079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key event in the onset and progression of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Regulation of endothelial function and the underlying signaling mechanisms in the progression of diabetes-induced vascular complications have been well established. Recent studies indicate that increased oxidative stress is an important determinant of endothelial injury and patients with hypertension display ED mediated by impaired Nitric Oxide (NO) availability. Further, oxidative stress is known to be associated with inflammation and ED in vascular remodeling and diabetes-associated hypertension. Numerous strategies have been developed to improve the function of endothelial cells and increasing number of evidences highlight the indispensable role of antioxidants in modulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation responses. Nuclear factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is the principal transcriptional regulator, that is central in mediating oxidative stress signal response. Having unequivocally established the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oxidative stress, the pivotal role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE network, has taken the center stage as target for developing therapies towards maintaining the cellular redox environment. Several activators of Nrf2 are known to combat diabetes-induced ED and few are currently in clinical trials. Focusing on their therapeutic value in diabetes-induced ED, this review highlights some natural and synthetic molecules that are involved in the modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE network and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the regulation of ED. Further emphasis is also laid on the therapeutic benefits of directly up-regulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defences in regulating endothelial redox homeostasis for countering diabetes-induced ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Karan
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elango Bhakkiyalakshmi
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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41
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Rossino MG, Dal Monte M, Casini G. Relationships Between Neurodegeneration and Vascular Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1172. [PMID: 31787868 PMCID: PMC6856056 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and constitutes a major cause of vision impairment and blindness in the world. DR has long been described exclusively as a microvascular disease of the eye. However, in recent years, a growing interest has been focused on the contribution of neuroretinal degeneration to the pathogenesis of the disease, and there are observations suggesting that neuronal death in the early phases of DR may favor the development of microvascular abnormalities, followed by the full manifestation of the disease. However, the mediators that are involved in the crosslink between neurodegeneration and vascular changes have not yet been identified. According to our hypothesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could probably be the most important connecting link between the death of retinal neurons and the occurrence of microvascular lesions. Indeed, VEGF is known to play important neuroprotective actions; therefore, in the early phases of DR, it may be released in response to neuronal suffering, and it would act as a double-edged weapon inducing both neuroprotective and vasoactive effects. If this hypothesis is correct, then any retinal stress causing neuronal damage should be accompanied by VEGF upregulation and by vascular changes. Similarly, any compound with neuroprotective properties should also induce VEGF downregulation and amelioration of the vascular lesions. In this review, we searched for a correlation between neurodegeneration and vasculopathy in animal models of retinal diseases, examining the effects of different neuroprotective substances, ranging from nutraceuticals to antioxidants to neuropeptides and others and showing that reducing neuronal suffering also prevents overexpression of VEGF and vascular complications. Taken together, the reviewed evidence highlights the crucial role played by mediators such as VEGF in the relationship between retinal neuronal damage and vascular alterations and suggests that the use of neuroprotective substances could be an efficient strategy to prevent the onset or to retard the development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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42
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Coco C, Sgarra L, Potenza MA, Nacci C, Pasculli B, Barbano R, Parrella P, Montagnani M. Can Epigenetics of Endothelial Dysfunction Represent the Key to Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122949. [PMID: 31212911 PMCID: PMC6628049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In both developing and industrialized Countries, the growing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the severity of its related complications make T2DM one of the most challenging metabolic diseases worldwide. The close relationship between genetic and environmental factors suggests that eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles may significantly affect metabolic pathways, resulting in dynamic modifications of chromatin-associated proteins and homeostatic transcriptional responses involved in the progression of T2DM. Epigenetic mechanisms may be implicated in the complex processes linking environmental factors to genetic predisposition to metabolic disturbances, leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction represents an earlier marker and an important player in the development of this disease. Dysregulation of the endothelial ability to produce and release vasoactive mediators is recognized as the initial feature of impaired vascular activity under obesity and other insulin resistance conditions and undoubtedly concurs to the accelerated progression of atherosclerotic lesions and overall cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. This review aims to summarize the most current knowledge regarding the involvement of epigenetic changes associated with endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, in order to identify potential targets that might contribute to pursuing “precision medicine” in the context of diabetic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Coco
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luca Sgarra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carmela Nacci
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pasculli
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
| | - Raffaela Barbano
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
| | - Paola Parrella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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43
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Wang Y, Tao J, Jiang M, Yao Y. Apocynin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in rats: Involvement of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:49-56. [PMID: 31078925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication. During diabetic retinopathy development, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway is up-regulated. Apocynin is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase blocker which can reduce the superoxide radicals. It is demonstrated that apocynin can inhibit TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats. We aim to figure out whether apocynin treatment is benefit for the diabetic retinopathy in rat model. The diabetes in rats was induced by streptozotocin. The treatment of apocynin (16 mg/kg/day) or vehicle in diabetic rat model was maintained for 12 weeks. The expression levels of relative genes in this research were shown through Western blot and qRT-PCR. Morphology of the retinas was shown by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The treatment of apocynin ameliorated biochemical indexes in diabetic rats and rescued the morphology of the retinas. After a 12 weeks apocynin treatment, the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory in retina was reduced in diabetic rats. TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activity in diabetic rat retina was inhibited by apocynin. Based on our study, the treatment of apocynin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in rats. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition by apocynin is involved in this process. This result indicated a great therapeutic potential of apocynin in diabetic retinopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minfeng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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Farajipour H, Rahimian S, Taghizadeh M. Curcumin: A new candidate for retinal disease therapy? J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6886-6893. [PMID: 30548307 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The retina is the neural portion and light-sensitive layer of the eye, which has been observed in most of the vertebrates. The retina is composed of light-sensitive cells that absorb light and convert it into neural signals. These signals are sent to the brain for visual recognition. It has been shown that many pathogenesis conditions, including inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and imbalanced histone modifications in the retina are associated with initiation and progression of retinal diseases (ie, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration). Currently available treatments include laser surgery, freezing, stem-cell therapy, shrinking abnormal blood vessels. It has some limitations, such as invasive methods, high costs, and many side effects. Hence, finding a new therapeutic platform for stopping or slowing of the disease progression is required. Curcumin is a natural product, which is associated with a wide range of properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activates. It exerts therapeutic effects via activation/inhibition cellular and molecular targets involved in various diseases, such as retinal diseases. Increasing evidence revealed that curcumin can be used as a therapeutic option in the treatment of different retinal diseases. Here, we summarized various clinical and preclinical studies that used curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Rahimian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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45
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Rossino MG, Casini G. Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040771. [PMID: 30987058 PMCID: PMC6520779 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by degeneration of retinal neurons and neoangiogenesis, causing a severe threat to vision. Nowadays, the principal treatment options for DR are laser photocoagulation, vitreoretinal surgery, or intravitreal injection of drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. However, these treatments only act at advanced stages of DR, have short term efficacy, and cause side effects. Treatment with nutraceuticals (foods providing medical or health benefits) at early stages of DR may represent a reasonable alternative to act upstream of the disease, preventing its progression. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a variety of nutraceuticals have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit the early diabetes-driven molecular mechanisms that induce DR, reducing both the neural and vascular damage typical of DR. Although most studies are limited to animal models and there is the problem of low bioavailability for many nutraceuticals, the use of these compounds may represent a natural alternative method to standard DR treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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46
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Perturbed Biochemical Pathways and Associated Oxidative Stress Lead to Vascular Dysfunctions in Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8458472. [PMID: 30962865 PMCID: PMC6431380 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8458472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vascular insult that accompanies the hyperglycemic state. Retinal vasculature holds a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the retina, and any alteration to retinal vasculature affects retinal functions. The blood retinal barrier, a prerequisite to vision acuity, is most susceptible to damage during the progression of DR. This is a consequence of impaired biochemical pathways such as the polyol, advanced end glycation products (AGE), hexosamine, protein kinase C (PKC), and tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathways. Moreover, the role of histone modification and altered miRNA expression is also emerging as a major contributor. Epigenetic changes create a link between altered protein function and redox status of retinal cells, creating a state of metabolic memory. Although various biochemical pathways underlie the etiology of DR, the major insult to the retina is due to oxidative stress, a unifying factor of altered biochemical pathways. This review primarily focuses on the critical biochemical pathways altered in DR leading to vascular dysfunctions and discusses antioxidants as plausible treatment strategies.
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47
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Abdelsamia EM, Khaleel SA, Balah A, Abdel Baky NA. Curcumin augments the cardioprotective effect of metformin in an experimental model of type I diabetes mellitus; Impact of Nrf2/HO-1 and JAK/STAT pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2136-2144. [PMID: 30551471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs. A recent clinical study has highlighted the protective role of metformin against cardiac complications in type I diabetes. Curcumin is a natural compound with well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to investigate the possible role of curcumin in potentiating metformin`s putative effects. Rats received single injection of 52.5 mg/kg streptozocin and the diabetic rats were treated with metformin (200 mg/kg/day), curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) and their combination for 6 weeks. Diabetic rats showed degenerated myocardium as well as significant increase in Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin I and TGF-β1 levels. In addition, cardiac levels of lipid peroxidation, IL-6, and NF-κB were significantly elevated. Although treatment with metformin restored most of the measured parameters, it showed insignificant improvement in histopathological architecture accompanied by absence of antioxidant effect. Interestingly, concomitant administration of curcumin along with metformin revealed more protection than metformin alone. Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway seems to be among the mechanisms mediating the effects of curcumin and metformin. The findings of this study highlight the benefits of metformin/curcumin combination in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abdelsamia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany Balah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:181-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Castelli V, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Catanesi M, Benedetti E, Desideri G, Cimini A. Physiology and Pathophysiology of PPARs in the Eye. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.11131/2018/101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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