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Nakazato H, Onodera S, Aida N, Furusawa M, Azuma T. Comprehensive analysis of transcription factors involved in odontoblast differentiation mechanism. Med Mol Morphol 2024:10.1007/s00795-024-00389-w. [PMID: 38987402 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-024-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Primary cultured odontoblasts rapidly lose their tissue-specific phenotype. To identify transcription factors (TF) that are important for the maintenance of the odontoblast phenotype, primary cultures of C57BL/6 J mouse dental mesenchymal cells (DMC) were isolated, and expression of TF and odontoblast marker genes in cells immediately after isolation and 2 days after culture were comprehensively evaluated and compared using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The expression of odontoblast markers in mouse dental mesenchymal cells decreased rapidly after isolation. In addition, the expression of Hedgehog-related, Notch-related, and immediate- early gene (IEG)-related transcription factors significantly decreased. Forced expression of these genes in lentiviral vectors, together with fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), and the Wnt pathway activator CHIR99021, significantly induced the expression of odontogenic marker genes. These results indicate, for the first time, that Notch signaling and early genes may be important for maintaining odontoblast cultures. Furthermore, simultaneous stimulation of FGF, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch pathways, and IEG transcription factors cooperatively promoted the maintenance of the odontoblast phenotype. These results suggest that the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways may play an important role in maintaining odontoblast phenotypes, in addition to FGF and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nakazato
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-Chou, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-Chou, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Natsuko Aida
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-Chou, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-Chou, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-Chou, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan.
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Cho YD, Cho ES, Song JS, Kim YY, Hwang I, Kim SY. Standard operating procedures for the collection, processing, and storage of oral biospecimens at the Korea Oral Biobank Network. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 53:336-346. [PMID: 36919006 PMCID: PMC10627733 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2203680184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Korea Oral Biobank Network (KOBN) was established in 2021 as a branch of the Korea Biobank Network under the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide infrastructure for the collection, management, storage, and utilization of human bioresources from the oral cavity and associated clinical data for basic research and clinical studies. METHODS To address the need for the unification of the biobanking process, the KOBN organized the concept review for all the processes. RESULTS The KOBN established standard operating procedures for the collection, processing, and storage of oral samples. CONCLUSIONS The importance of collecting high-quality bioresources to generate accurate and reproducible research results has always been emphasized. A standardized procedure is a basic prerequisite for implementing comprehensive quality management of biological resources and accurate data production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunae Sandra Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Youn Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Ruan X, Zhang Z, Aili M, Luo X, Wei Q, Zhang D, Bai M. Activin receptor-like kinase 3: a critical modulator of development and function of mineralized tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209817. [PMID: 37457289 PMCID: PMC10347416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized tissues, such as teeth and bones, pose significant challenges for repair due to their hardness, low permeability, and limited blood flow compared to soft tissues. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been identified as playing a crucial role in mineralized tissue formation and repair. However, the application of large amounts of exogenous BMPs may cause side effects such as inflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a more precise molecular target downstream of the ligands. Activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3), a key transmembrane receptor, serves as a vital gateway for the transmission of BMP signals, triggering cellular responses. Recent research has yielded new insights into the regulatory roles of ALK3 in mineralized tissues. Experimental knockout or mutation of ALK3 has been shown to result in skeletal dysmorphisms and failure of tooth formation, eruption, and orthodontic tooth movement. This review summarizes the roles of ALK3 in mineralized tissue regulation and elucidates how ALK3-mediated signaling influences the physiology and pathology of teeth and bones. Additionally, this review provides a reference for recommended basic research and potential future treatment strategies for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Munire Aili
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao J, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, Gao ZR, Ouyang ZY, Ye Q, Liu Q, Chen Y, Tan L, Zhang SH, Feng Y, Hu J, Dusenge MA, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical models of jaw-bone defects for bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 36927449 PMCID: PMC10022059 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jaw-bone defects caused by various diseases lead to aesthetic and functional complications, which can seriously affect the life quality of patients. Current treatments cannot fully meet the needs of reconstruction of jaw-bone defects. Thus, the research and application of bone tissue engineering are a "hot topic." As seed cells for engineering of jaw-bone tissue, oral cavity-derived stem cells have been explored and used widely. Models of jaw-bone defect are excellent tools for the study of bone defect repair in vivo. Different types of bone defect repair require different stem cells and bone defect models. This review aimed to better understand the research status of oral and maxillofacial bone regeneration. MAIN TEXT Data were gathered from PubMed searches and references from relevant studies using the search phrases "bone" AND ("PDLSC" OR "DPSC" OR "SCAP" OR "GMSC" OR "SHED" OR "DFSC" OR "ABMSC" OR "TGPC"); ("jaw" OR "alveolar") AND "bone defect." We screened studies that focus on "bone formation of oral cavity-derived stem cells" and "jaw bone defect models," and reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical model of jaw-bone defect models. CONCLUSION The type of cell and animal model should be selected according to the specific research purpose and disease type. This review can provide a foundation for the selection of oral cavity-derived stem cells and defect models in tissue engineering of the jaw bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ouyang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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5
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Lee ES, Aryal YP, Kim TY, Pokharel E, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, An CH, An SY, Jung JK, Lee Y, Ha JH, Sohn WJ, Kim JY. The effects of 4-Phenylbutyric acid on ER stress during mouse tooth development. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1079355. [PMID: 36685173 PMCID: PMC9848431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During tooth development, proper protein folding and trafficking are significant processes as newly synthesized proteins proceed to form designated tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs inevitably in tooth development as unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate in ER. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a FDA approved drug and known as a chemical chaperone which alleviates the ER stress. Recently, several studies showed that 4PBA performs therapeutic effects in some genetic diseases due to misfolding of proteins, metabolic related-diseases and apoptosis due to ER stress. However, the roles of 4PBA during odontogenesis are not elucidated. This study revealed the effects of 4PBA during molar development in mice. Methods: We employed in vitro organ cultivation and renal transplantation methods which would mimic the permanent tooth development in an infant period of human. The in vitro cultivated tooth germs and renal calcified teeth were examined by histology and immunohistochemical analysis. Results and Discussion: Our results revealed that treatment of 4PBA altered expression patterns of enamel knot related signaling molecules, and consequently affected cellular secretion and patterned formation of dental hard tissues including dentin and enamel during tooth morphogenesis. The alteration of ER stress by 4PBA treatment during organogenesis would suggest that proper ER stress is important for pattern formation during tooth development and morphogenesis, and 4PBA as a chemical chaperone would be one of the candidate molecules for dental and hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Department of K-Beauty Business, College of Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Daegu, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jae-Young Kim,
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Tahmasebi E, Mohammadi M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Gharibian Bajestani S, Khanmohammad R, Haseli M, Yazdanian M, Esmaeili Fard Barzegar P, Tebyaniyan H. The current regenerative medicine approaches of craniofacial diseases: A narrative review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112378. [PMID: 36926524 PMCID: PMC10011176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial deformities (CFDs) develop following oncological resection, trauma, or congenital disorders. Trauma is one of the top five causes of death globally, with rates varying from country to country. They result in a non-healing composite tissue wound as they degenerate in soft or hard tissues. Approximately one-third of oral diseases are caused by gum disease. Due to the complexity of anatomical structures in the region and the variety of tissue-specific requirements, CFD treatments present many challenges. Many treatment methods for CFDs are available today, such as drugs, regenerative medicine (RM), surgery, and tissue engineering. Functional restoration of a tissue or an organ after trauma or other chronic diseases is the focus of this emerging field of science. The materials and methodologies used in craniofacial reconstruction have significantly improved in the last few years. A facial fracture requires bone preservation as much as possible, so tiny fragments are removed initially. It is possible to replace bone marrow stem cells with oral stem cells for CFDs due to their excellent potential for bone formation. This review article discusses regenerative approaches for different types of craniofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Gharibian Bajestani
- Student Research Committee, Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rojin Khanmohammad
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Haseli
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of Biodentine on Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010012. [PMID: 36671584 PMCID: PMC9854827 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) isolated from different-aged populations and examine the effects of Biodentine on proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs isolated from the elderly in vitro. hDPSCs were isolated from three different-aged populations: group A (≤18 years old), group B (19−59 years old), and group C (≥60 years old). The adhesion, proliferation, odonto/osteogenesis, and senescence were compared. The optimal concentration of aqueous Biodentine extract was determined by CCK-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alizarin red staining (ARS). The effect of Biodentine on odonto/osteogenic gene and protein expression of hDPSCs in each group was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and Western blot. hDPSCs were successfully isolated from three different-aged populations. Flow cytometry revealed that all isolated hDPSCs were positive for CD73 (>90%), CD90 (>90%), CD146 (<30%), and negative for CD45 (<1%). There existed an age-related decline in proliferation, odonto/osteogenic gene expression, and S-phase fraction (p < 0.05), an increase in senescence genes and p21 and p16 expression, and time needed for cell adhesion. Biodentine promoted hDPSC proliferation and mineralization in each group, particularly at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. Biodentine markedly enhanced odonto/osteogenesis-related gene and protein expression in each group (p < 0.05). hDPSCs can be obtained from populations of all ages. Though there is an age-related decline in their biological properties, hDPSCs from the elderly still maintain certain proliferation and multidirectional differentiation abilities. Biodentine can significantly promote the proliferation and odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs isolated from the elderly over 60 years old, which could be considered a pulp capping material for vital pulp therapy in the elderly. Nevertheless, the efficacy of Biodentine in clinical application has to be further studied.
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KDF1 Novel Variant Causes Unique Dental and Oral Epithelial Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012465. [PMID: 36293320 PMCID: PMC9604338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation factor 1 (KDF1) is a recently identified and rare candidate gene for human tooth agenesis; however, KDF1-related morphological characteristics and pathological changes in dental tissue and the oral epithelium remain largely unknown. Here, we employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing to screen for the suspected variants in a cohort of 151 tooth agenesis patients, and we segregated a novel KDF1 heterozygous missense variation, c.920G>C (p.R307P), in a non-syndromic tooth agenesis family. Essential bioinformatics analyses and tertiary structural predictions were performed to analyze the structural changes and functional impacts of the novel KDF1 variant. The subsequent functional assessment using a TOP-flash/FOP-flash luciferase reporter system demonstrated that KDF1 variants suppressed the activation of canonical Wnt signaling in 293T cells. To comprehensively investigate the KDF1-related oral morphological anomalies, we performed scanning electron microscopy and ground section of the lower right lateral deciduous incisor extracted from #285 proband, and histopathological assessment of the gingiva. The phenotypic analyses revealed a series of tooth morphological anomalies related to the KDF1 variant R307P, including a shovel-shaped lingual surface of incisors and cornicione-shaped marginal ridges with anomalous morphological occlusal grooves of premolars and molars. Notably, keratinized gingival epithelium abnormalities were revealed in the proband and characterized by epithelial dyskeratosis with residual nuclei, indistinct stratum granulosum, epithelial hyperproliferation, and impaired epithelial differentiation. Our findings revealed new developmental anomalies in the tooth and gingival epithelium of a non-syndromic tooth agenesis individual with a novel pathogenic KDF1 variant, broadening the phenotypic spectrum of KDF1-related disorders and providing new evidence for the crucial role of KDF1 in regulating human dental and oral epithelial development.
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Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Niu JY, Mei ML, Chu CH. In Vitro Studies of Graphene for Management of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Concise Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101997. [PMID: 36297434 PMCID: PMC9611330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a single-layer two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial. It presents as a thin and strong material that has attracted many researchers’ attention. This study provides a concise review of the potential application of graphene materials in caries and periodontal disease management. Pristine or functionalized graphene and its derivatives exhibit favorable physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties applicable to biomedical applications. They can be activated and functionalized with metal and metal nanoparticles, polymers, and other small molecules to exhibit multi-differentiation activities, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility. They were investigated in preventive dentistry and regenerative dentistry. Graphene materials such as graphene oxide inhibit cariogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans. They also inhibit periodontal pathogens that are responsible for periodontitis and root canal infection. Graphene-fluorine promotes enamel and dentin mineralization. These materials were also broadly studied in regenerative dental research, such as dental hard and soft tissue regeneration, as well as periodontal tissue and bone regeneration. Graphene oxide-based materials, such as graphene oxide-fibroin, were reported as promising in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and ability to enhance cell proliferation properties in periodontal ligament stem cells. Laboratory research showed that graphene can be used exclusively or by incorporating it into existing dental materials. The success of laboratory studies can translate the application of graphene into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | | | - John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Analysis of Cosmetic Effect of Nanocomposite Resin on Anterior Teeth. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7367320. [PMID: 34887941 PMCID: PMC8651348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7367320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The problems of anterior teeth include dental plaque, dental caries, and fracture, which are usually treated with common composite resin clinically. Although good repair effect can be achieved, patients are prone to anterior tooth sensitivity after surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the cosmetic effect of nanocomposite resin on anterior teeth. Up to 176 patients (176 teeth) undergoing anterior dental cosmetic restoration in our hospital were selected and assigned to the LR group (n = 88) and the NR group (n = 88) according to patients' voluntary choice of prosthetic materials. The LR group was cured with light-cured composite resin, while the NR group was cured with nanocomposite resin. By comparing the related indexes of patients in the two groups, it was discovered that in the NR group, the excellent and good rate and patients' evaluation of the repair effect were higher, while the periodontal attachment, gingival index, dental plaque index, VAS score, and the incidence of tooth sensitivity were lower, all P < 0.05. The results indicated that the nanocomposite resin had significant cosmetic effect on anterior teeth and had application value.
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12
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Zhou T, Rong M, Wang Z, Chu H, Chen C, Zhang J, Tian Z. Conditioned medium derived from 3D tooth germs: A novel cocktail for stem cell priming and early in vivo pulp regeneration. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13129. [PMID: 34585454 PMCID: PMC8560607 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conditioned medium (CM) from 2D cell culture can mitigate the weakened regenerative capacity of the implanted stem cells. However, the capacity of 3D CM to prime dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for pulp regeneration and its protein profile are still elusive. We aim to investigate the protein profile of CM derived from 3D tooth germs, and to unveil its potential for DPSCs-based pulp regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared CM of 3D ex vivo cultured tooth germ organs (3D TGO-CM) and CM of 2D cultured tooth germ cells (2D TGC-CM) and applied them to prime DPSCs. Influences on cell behaviours and protein profiles of CMs were compared. In vivo pulp regeneration of CMs-primed DPSCs was explored using a tooth root fragment model on nude mice. RESULTS TGO-CM enhanced DPSCs proliferation, migration, in vitro mineralization, odontogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis performances. The TGO-CM group generated superior pulp structures, more odontogenic cells attachment, and enhanced vasculature at 4 weeks post-surgery, compared with the TGC-CM group. Secretome analysis revealed that TGO-CM contained more odontogenic and angiogenic growth factors and fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanisms leading to the differential CM profiles may be attributed to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The unique secretome profile of 3D TGO-CM made it a successful priming cocktail to enhance DPSCs-based early pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Chu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Kawata K, Narita K, Washio A, Kitamura C, Nishihara T, Kubota S, Takeda S. Odontoblast differentiation is regulated by an interplay between primary cilia and the canonical Wnt pathway. Bone 2021; 150:116001. [PMID: 33975031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilium is a protruding cellular organelle that has various physiological functions, especially in sensory reception. While an avalanche of reports on primary cilia have been published, the function of primary cilia in dental cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we focused on the function of primary cilia in dentin-producing odontoblasts. Odontoblasts, like most other cell types, possess primary cilia, which disappear upon the knockdown of intraflagellar transport protein 88. In cilia-depleted cells, the expression of dentin sialoprotein, an odontoblastic marker, was elevated, while the deposition of minerals was slowed. This was recapitulated by the activation of canonical Wnt pathway, also decreased the ratio of ciliated cells. In dental pulp cells, as they differentiated into odontoblasts, the ratio of ciliated cells was increased, whereas the canonical Wnt signaling activity was repressed. Our results collectively underscore the roles of primary cilia in regulating odontoblastic differentiation through canonical Wnt signaling. This study implies the existence of a feedback loop between primary cilia and the canonical Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Kawata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, 1110, Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008525, Japan.
| | - Keishi Narita
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, 1110, Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Ayako Washio
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokura-kita, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kitamura
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokura-kita, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokura-kita, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8038580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008525, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, 1110, Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan.
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14
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Photobiomodulation therapy does not depend on the differentiation of dental pulp cells to enhance functional activity associated with angiogenesis and mineralization. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1979-1988. [PMID: 34374881 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of InGaAlP diode laser (660 nm) with or without an odontogenic medium (OM) in the functional activity of OD-21 cells. Undifferentiated OD-21 pulp cells were cultivated with or without OM and divided into four groups (n = 5): nonirradiated control (C -), nonirradiated + OM (C +), irradiated (L -), and irradiated + OM (L +). Laser application was performed in two sessions of a 24-h interval with an irradiance of 11.3 mW/cm2, energy density of 1 J/cm2, and total cumulative energy/well of 4.6 J. Cell proliferation, VEGF-164 expression, mineralization, and expression of Alp, Runx2, and Dmp1 genes, as well as immunolocalization of RUNX2 and MEPE proteins, were evaluated. Data were analyzed by statistical tests (α = 0.05). All studied groups showed a similar increase in cell proliferation with or without OM. After 7 and 10 days, a significatively higher concentration of VEGF-164 in L - group when compared to C - group was observed. A significant increase in mineralized nodules in the L + was noted when compared to C + in the same conditions. Photobiomodulation upregulated significantly Runx2 and Dmp1 expression after 10 days in L - and after 7 days in L + , with downregulation of Dmp1 after 10 days in L + group. Immunolocalization of RUNX2 and MEPE was expressive after 7 days of culture in the cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus with a decrease after 10 days, regardless of the presence of OM. Photobiomodulation enhances metabolism associated with angiogenesis, gene expression, and mineralization regardless of the odontogenic medium in OD-21 cells.
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15
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Meng H, Hu L, Zhou Y, Ge Z, Wang H, Wu CT, Jin J. A Sandwich Structure of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheet, Treated Dentin Matrix, and Matrigel for Tooth Root Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:521-532. [PMID: 32089088 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss can cause a lot of physiological and psychological suffering. And tooth root engineering is a promising way for tooth loss treatment. Two kinds of seed cells are usually adopted for tooth root regeneration. In this study, a practical sandwich structure for tooth root regeneration was developed, which was constituted by only one kind of seed cell: human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and three kinds of graft materials: Vitamin C (VC) induced hDPSC sheet, human treated dentin matrix (hTDM), and Matrigel. It was found that VC could induce hDPSCs to form a cell sheet with two or three cell layers and promote their collagen type I (COL1) mRNA expression obviously. hDPSCs could attach and grow on hTDM, and the mRNA expression of osteocalcin (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), and Nestin in hDPSCs was obviously upregulated by hTDM leaching solution. hDPSCs could stretch and proliferate in Matrigel. And when cultured in Matrigel condition medium, they positively expressed CD31, β3-Tubulin, and Nestin proteins, as well as increased the mRNA expression of OCN, ALP, and Nestin. Furthermore, periodontium, dentin, and pulp-like tissues were successfully regenerated after the sandwich structure of hDPSC sheet/TDM/Matrigel was transplanted in nude mice subcutaneously for 3 months. Periodontium-like dense connective tissue was regenerated around the hTDM, and a great mass of predentin was formed on the cavity side of hTDM. Odontoblast-like cells and blood vessel-like structures, even nerve-like fibers, were observed in the pulp cavity. In summary, the above results showed that hDPSCs could be used as seed cells for the whole tooth root regeneration, and the sandwich structure constituted by hDPSC sheet, TDM/hDPSCs, and Matrigel/hDPSCs could be utilized for tooth root regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jide Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang W, Yelick PC. Tooth Repair and Regeneration: Potential of Dental Stem Cells. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:501-511. [PMID: 33781688 PMCID: PMC9907435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tooth defects are an extremely common health condition that affects millions of individuals. Currently used dental repair treatments include fillings for caries, endodontic treatment for pulp necrosis, and dental implants to replace missing teeth, all of which rely on the use of synthetic materials. By contrast, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and dentistry (TERMD) use biologically based therapeutic strategies for vital tissue regeneration, and thus have the potential to regenerate living tissues. Methods to create bioengineered replacement teeth benefit from a detailed understanding of the molecular signaling networks regulating natural tooth development. We discuss how key signaling pathways regulating natural tooth development are being exploited for applications in TERMD approaches for vital tooth regeneration.
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17
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Soudi A, Yazdanian M, Ranjbar R, Tebyanian H, Yazdanian A, Tahmasebi E, Keshvad A, Seifalian A. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:454-489. [PMID: 33746673 PMCID: PMC7975587 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing attention has been observed toward potential advantages of stem cell (SC)-based therapies in regenerative treatments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are now considered excellent candidates for tissue replacement therapies and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs importantly contribute to the state-of-the-art clinical strategies for SC-based alveolar bone regeneration. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry. In this regard, the relevant English written literature was searched using keywords: "tissue engineering", "stem cells", "dental stem cells", and "dentistry strategies". According to the available database, SCs application has become increasingly widespread because of its accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Among the growing recognized niches and tissues containing higher SCs, dental tissues are evidenced to be rich sources of MSCs. According to the literature, dental SCs are mostly present in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle tissues. In this regard, the present review has described the recent findings on the potential of dental stem cells to be used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soudi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keshvad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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18
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Fischer NG, Münchow EA, Tamerler C, Bottino MC, Aparicio C. Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8713-8747. [PMID: 32747882 PMCID: PMC7544669 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental clinicians have relied for centuries on traditional dental materials (polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites) to restore oral health and function to patients. Clinical outcomes for many crucial dental therapies remain poor despite many decades of intense research on these materials. Recent attention has been paid to biomolecules as a chassis for engineered preventive, restorative, and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Indeed, biomolecules represent a uniquely versatile and precise tool to enable the design and development of bioinspired multifunctional dental materials to spur advancements in dentistry. In this review, we survey the range of biomolecules that have been used across dental biomaterials. Our particular focus is on the key biological activity imparted by each biomolecule toward prevention of dental and oral diseases as well as restoration of oral health. Additional emphasis is placed on the structure-function relationships between biomolecules and their biological activity, the unique challenges of each clinical condition, limitations of conventional therapies, and the advantages of each class of biomolecule for said challenge. Biomaterials for bone regeneration are not reviewed as numerous existing reviews on the topic have been recently published. We conclude our narrative review with an outlook on the future of biomolecules in dental biomaterials and potential avenues of innovation for biomaterial-based patient oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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19
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Krivanek J, Soldatov RA, Kastriti ME, Chontorotzea T, Herdina AN, Petersen J, Szarowska B, Landova M, Matejova VK, Holla LI, Kuchler U, Zdrilic IV, Vijaykumar A, Balic A, Marangoni P, Klein OD, Neves VCM, Yianni V, Sharpe PT, Harkany T, Metscher BD, Bajénoff M, Mina M, Fried K, Kharchenko PV, Adameyko I. Dental cell type atlas reveals stem and differentiated cell types in mouse and human teeth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4816. [PMID: 32968047 PMCID: PMC7511944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cell types and mechanisms of dental growth is essential for reconstruction and engineering of teeth. Therefore, we investigated cellular composition of growing and non-growing mouse and human teeth. As a result, we report an unappreciated cellular complexity of the continuously-growing mouse incisor, which suggests a coherent model of cell dynamics enabling unarrested growth. This model relies on spatially-restricted stem, progenitor and differentiated populations in the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments underlying the coordinated expansion of two major branches of pulpal cells and diverse epithelial subtypes. Further comparisons of human and mouse teeth yield both parallelisms and differences in tissue heterogeneity and highlight the specifics behind growing and non-growing modes. Despite being similar at a coarse level, mouse and human teeth reveal molecular differences and species-specific cell subtypes suggesting possible evolutionary divergence. Overall, here we provide an atlas of human and mouse teeth with a focus on growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krivanek
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ruslan A Soldatov
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Chontorotzea
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Nele Herdina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bara Szarowska
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Landova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kovar Matejova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Vidovic Zdrilic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anushree Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences. King's College London, London, UK
| | - Val Yianni
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences. King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences. King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian D Metscher
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Baranova J, Büchner D, Götz W, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4031. [PMID: 32512908 PMCID: PMC7312198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Werner Götz
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of the University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, NRW, Germany;
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
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21
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Novel strategies for expansion of tooth epithelial stem cells and ameloblast generation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4963. [PMID: 32188889 PMCID: PMC7080756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel is secreted by ameloblasts derived from tooth epithelial stem cells (SCs). Humans cannot repair or regenerate enamel, due to early loss of tooth epithelial SCs. Contrarily in the mouse incisors, epithelial SCs are maintained throughout life and endlessly generate ameloblasts, and thus enamel. Here we isolated Sox2-GFP+ tooth epithelial SCs which generated highly cellular spheres following a novel in vitro strategy. This system enabled analysis of SC regulation by various signaling molecules, and supported the stimulatory and inhibitory roles of Shh and Bmp, respectively; providing better insight into the heterogeneity of the SCs. Further, we generated a novel mouse reporter, Enamelin-tdTomato for identification of ameloblasts in live tissues and cells, and used it to demonstrate presence of ameloblasts in the new 3D co-culture system of dental SCs. Collectively, our results provide means of generating 3D tooth epithelium from adult SCs which can be utilized toward future generation of enamel.
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22
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Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5734539. [PMID: 32184832 PMCID: PMC7060883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5734539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by their exclusive ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. In recent years, researchers and investigations explored the prospect of employing stem/progenitor cell therapy in regenerative medicine, especially stem/progenitor cells originating from the oral tissues. In this context, the regeneration of the lost dental tissues including enamel, dentin, and the dental pulp are pivotal targets for stem/progenitor cell therapy. The present review elaborates on the different sources of stem/progenitor cells and their potential clinical applications to regenerate enamel, dentin, and the dental pulpal tissues.
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23
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Khalil S, Eid E, Hamieh L, Bardawil T, Moujaes Z, Khalil W, Abbas O, Kurban M. Genodermatoses with teeth abnormalities. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1032-1044. [PMID: 32027427 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many genodermatoses exhibit abnormal teeth findings. Studies examining these entities are scarce and narrow in their scope. This paper reviews the evolution, development, and structure of the tooth and provides a summary of genodermatoses with aberrant dental findings. The latter are classified according to the abnormal dental findings: periodontal disease, anodontia/oligodontia/hypodontia, polydontia, enamel hypoplasia, natal teeth, dental pits, and others. Finally, we provide an algorithm that dermatologists and dentists can follow to better recognize genodermatoses with dental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edward Eid
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lamia Hamieh
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tara Bardawil
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Moujaes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Khalil
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Abstract
The tooth provides an excellent system for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of organogenesis, and has thus been of longstanding interest to developmental and stem cell biologists studying embryonic morphogenesis and adult tissue renewal. In recent years, analyses of molecular signaling networks, together with new insights into cellular heterogeneity, have greatly improved our knowledge of the dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that take place during tooth development and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in the field of mammalian tooth morphogenesis and also discuss the mechanisms regulating stem cell-based dental tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. These exciting findings help to lay a foundation that will ultimately enable the application of fundamental research discoveries toward therapies to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsheng Yu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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25
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Brăescu R, Săvinescu SD, Tatarciuc MS, Zetu IN, Giuşcă SE, Căruntu ID. Pointing on the early stages of maxillary bone and tooth development - histological findings. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:167-174. [PMID: 32747908 PMCID: PMC7728135 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the morphological stages of tooth development, in parallel with maxillary bone construction, are known for decades, the intimate mechanisms of early development of the oral cavity structures and tooth's proper and associated tissues are still incompletely elucidated. Nowadays, the research in embryology was shifted from the morphological to the molecular and genetic approach. This new approach is accomplished by using in vivo and in vitro experimental studies performed on animal models and cell lines. The interest in the knowledge of these events at gene and molecular level is still current, aiming to sustain the progress in the endorsement of novel regenerative and restorative therapies. However, the morphological standpoint maintains its interest, because the extrapolation of the results of experimental studies in humans requires a strong confirmation. Within this context, our work aims to analyze the histological characteristics of the maxillary bone and integrated tooth germs during the early stages of embryonic development. The study group consisted in mandible fragments obtained by dissection of the cephalic extremities collected from fetuses aged from 10 to 24 weeks, after medical or spontaneous abortions. The tissue specimens were processed for the histological exam. The histoarchitectonic traits of the initial stages of mandibular bone tissue and tooth development were assessed. The results revealed the dynamics of the ossification stages, from stages of early-dispersed intramembranous ossification to the organization of the dental alveoli, incorporated step-by-step in the maxillary body, and the simultaneous presence of tooth germs with different sizes and shapes, in accordance with the development stage. Our study complements the existing data regarding the embryonic period, bringing an important contribution for the enlargement of existing morphological, visual information for maxillary bone and tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Brăescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I - Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania; ,
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26
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Nagamine F, Matsunaga S, Kasahara N, Ishikawa N, Abe S, Hashimoto M. Estimating Living Age Using Stable Isotopes in Japanese Radicular Dentin. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Nagamine
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Norio Kasahara
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masatsugu Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
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27
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Binder M, Chmielarz P, Mckinnon PJ, Biggs LC, Thesleff I, Balic A. Functionally Distinctive Ptch Receptors Establish Multimodal Hedgehog Signaling in the Tooth Epithelial Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1238-1248. [PMID: 31145830 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous growth of the mouse incisor teeth is due to the life-long maintenance of epithelial stem cells (SCs) in their niche called cervical loop (CL). Several signaling factors regulate SC maintenance and/or their differentiation to achieve organ homeostasis. Previous studies indicated that Hedgehog signaling is crucial for both the maintenance of the SCs in the niche, as well as for their differentiation. How Hedgehog signaling regulates these two opposing cellular behaviors within the confinement of the CL remains elusive. In this study, we used in vitro organ and cell cultures to pharmacologically attenuate Hedgehog signaling. We analyzed expression of various genes expressed in the SC niche to determine the effect of altered Hedgehog signaling on the cellular hierarchy within the niche. These genes include markers of SCs (Sox2 and Lgr5) and transit-amplifying cells (P-cadherin, Sonic Hedgehog, and Yap). Our results show that Hedgehog signaling is a critical survival factor for SCs in the niche, and that the architecture and the diversity of the SC niche are regulated by multiple Hedgehog ligands. We demonstrated the presence of an additional Hedgehog ligand, nerve-derived Desert Hedgehog, secreted in the proximity of the CL. In addition, we provide evidence that Hedgehog receptors Ptch1 and Ptch2 elicit independent responses, which enable multimodal Hedgehog signaling to simultaneously regulate SC maintenance and differentiation. Our study indicates that the cellular hierarchy in the continuously growing incisor is a result of complex interplay of two Hedgehog ligands with functionally distinct Ptch receptors. Stem Cells 2019;37:1238-1248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Binder
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter J Mckinnon
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leah C Biggs
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Mozaffari MS, Emami G, Khodadadi H, Baban B. Stem cells and tooth regeneration: prospects for personalized dentistry. EPMA J 2019; 10:31-42. [PMID: 30984312 PMCID: PMC6459449 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, a wealth of information has become available regarding various sources of stem cells and their potential use for regenerative purposes. Given the intense debate regarding embryonic stem cells, much of the focus has centered around application of adult stem cells for regenerative engineering along with other relevant aspects including use of growth factors and scaffolding materials. The more recent discovery of tooth-derived stem cells has sparked much interest in their application to regenerative dentistry to treat and alleviate the most prevalent oral diseases-i.e., dental caries and periodontal diseases. Also exciting is the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells, which provides the means of using patient-derived somatic cells for their creation, and their eventual application for generation of the dental complex. Thus, evolving developments in the field of regenerative dentistry indicate the prospect of constructing "custom-made" tooth and supporting structures thereby fostering the realization of "personalized dentistry." On the other hand, others have explored the possibility of augmenting endogenous regenerative capacity through utilization of small molecules to regulate molecular signaling mechanisms that mediate regeneration of tooth structure. This review is focused on these aspects of regenerative dentistry in view of their relevance to personalized dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; CL-2134, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912-1128 USA
| | - Golnaz Emami
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; CL-2134, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912-1128 USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; CL-2134, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912-1128 USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; CL-2134, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912-1128 USA
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29
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Schimke MM, Paul S, Tillmann K, Lepperdinger G, Stigler RG. Hard Tissue Augmentation of Aged Bone by Means of a Tin-Free PLLA-PCL Co-Polymer Exhibiting in vivo Anergy and Long-Term Structural Stability. Gerontology 2019; 65:174-185. [PMID: 30677770 DOI: 10.1159/000494798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to aging, tissue regeneration gradually declines. Contemporary strategies to promote tissue-specific regeneration, in particular in elderly patients, often include synthetic material apt for implantation primarily aiming at upholding body functions and regaining appropriate anatomical and functional integrity. OBJECTIVE Biomaterials suitable for complex reconstruction surgical procedures have to exert high physicochemical stability and biocompatibility. METHOD A polymer made of poly-L-lactic acid and poly-ε-caprolactone was synthesized by means of a novel tin-free catalytic process. The material was tested in a bioreactor-assisted perfusion culture and implanted in a sheep model for lateral augmentation of the mandible. Histological and volumetric evaluation was performed 3 and 6 months post-implantation. RESULTS After synthesis the material could be further refined by cryogrinding and sintering, thus yielding differently porous scaffolds that exhibited a firm and stable appearance. In perfusion culture, no disintegration was observed for extended periods of up to 7 weeks, while mesenchymal stromal cells readily attached to the material, steadily proliferated, and deposited extracellular calcium. The material was tested in vivo together with autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Up to 6 months post-implantation, the material hardly changed in shape with composition also refraining from foreign body reactions. CONCLUSION Given the long-term shape stability in vivo, featuring imperceptible degradation and little scarring as well as exerting good compatibility to cells and surrounding tissues, this novel biomaterial is suitable as a space filler in large anatomical defects.
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30
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Iezzi I, Cerqueni G, Licini C, Lucarini G, Mattioli Belmonte M. Dental pulp stem cells senescence and regenerative potential relationship. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7186-7197. [PMID: 30362542 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uncomplicated treatments for pulpitis and periodontitis continues to be challenging and regenerative approaches could meet this contingency. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a good candidate for oral recovering therapies. Here, we investigated changes in morphology, proliferation, and in vitro differentiation toward mesenchymal and neuronal phenotypes of human DPSCs harvested from differently aged donors. Aging is a physiologic phenomenon occurring with time that hamper body's capability to maintain homeostasis also affecting the functional reserve. Cytofluorimetric, immunohistochemical, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analyses were performed to gain insight for successful regenerative strategies in elderly. We observed a decline in DPSCs proliferation and differentiation potential with age. Interestingly, these cells behaved differently under osteogenic or odontogenic stimuli, showing different age-related mineralization capabilities. Similarly, neurogenic differentiation decreased with age. In conclusion, our observations represent a valid tool for the development of tailored regenerative strategies in an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Iezzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Caterina Licini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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