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Guertler A, Neu K, Lill D, Clanner-Engelshofen B, French LE, Reinholz M. Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients: A prospective intervention study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38982829 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients known for their anti-inflammatory properties, which involve reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. This suggests their potential to alleviate acne severity, especially when deficits are present. AIMS To elevate EPA/DHA levels in acne patients through dietary intervention and supplementation, observing subsequent clinical effects. METHODS Over 16 weeks, 60 patients without prescription medication (n = 23 acne comedonica [AC], n = 37 acne papulopustulosa [AP]) adhered to a Mediterranean diet, incorporating oral algae-derived ω-3 FA supplementation (600 mg DHA/300 mg EPA week 1-8, 800 mg DHA/400 mg EPA week 8-16). At four visits (V1-V4), blood EPA/DHA levels were tracked using the HS-omega 3 index® (EPA/DHA (%) of total identified fatty acids in erythrocytes; target 8%-11%, deficit <8%, severe deficit <4%), alongside clinical assessments and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS At baseline, 98.3% of patients had an EPA/DHA deficit, with the mean HS-omega 3 index® rising from 4.9% at V1 to 8.3% at V4 (p < 0.001). AC showed significantly higher indices than AP at V4 (p = 0.035). Objective improvements in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions were observed (p < 0.001). While self-reported appearance worsened in four patients, overall quality of life improved (p < 0.001), particularly in AP. Dietary triggers were more clearly defined than beneficial foods. Intake of cow's milk and dairy products reduced (p < 0.001). Compliance was good; no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Many acne patients have a ω-3 FA deficit. The HS-omega 3 index® can be increased by a Mediterranean diet and oral supplementation with algae-derived ω-3 FA. Acne severity improved significantly in patients with target ω-3 FA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guertler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Neu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lill
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Li Y, Tang H, Yang X, Ma L, Zhou H, Zhang G, Chen X, Ma L, Gao J, Ji W. Associations of ω-3, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and ω-6: ω-3 ratio with systemic immune and inflammatory biomarkers: NHANES 1999-2020. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1410154. [PMID: 38912301 PMCID: PMC11190316 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, diseases caused by abnormal immune-inflammatory responses have become increasingly severe. Dietary intervention involving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has emerged as a potential treatment. However, research investigating the relationship between ω-3, ω-6 PUFAs, and ω-6 to ω-3 ratio with inflammatory biomarkers remains controversial. Methods To investigate the correlation between the intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and the ratio of ω-6: ω-3 with biomarkers of inflammation, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999 to 2020) was utilized. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and white blood cell (WBC) were selected as study subjects. Dietary data for ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs were collected via two 24-h dietary recall interviews. SII index and other indicators were obtained from the blood routine data. The multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were utilized to evaluate the association of ω-3, ω-6 PUFAs intake, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio to SII and secondary measures. Results This study involved a total of 43,155 American adults. ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs exhibited negative correlations with SII, PLR, NLR, and WBC. The correlation between ω-6: ω-3 ratio and SII, PLR, NLR, and WBC was not significant. Furthermore, the dose-response relationship showed that the relationship between the intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and SII was an "L" pattern. Conclusion Intake of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs reduces the levels of several inflammatory biomarkers in the body and exerts immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Liyang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Liyang, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hangqi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjiang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lee H, Moyo GT, Theophilus RJ, Oldewage-Theron W. Association of Dietary Changes with Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Adults in Sharpeville, South Africa, from 2004 to 2014. Nutrients 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 38004145 PMCID: PMC10675501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary changes with risk factors of type 2 diabetes among older populations in Sharpeville, South Africa. A 24 h recall assessment, dietary diversity, and anthropometrics were measured. Blood samples were collected to assess fasting glucose and insulin. Regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The mean BMI of the total of 103 participants was 30.63 kg/m2 at baseline and 29.66 kg/m2 at follow-up. Significantly higher BMI levels were reported in women than men both at baseline (p = 0.003) and follow-up (p = 0.009). Waist circumference significantly decreased from 96.20 cm to 93.16 cm (p = 0.046). The mean levels of HOMA-B significantly increased from 88.99 to 111.19 (p = 0.021). BMI was positively associated with intakes of total energy (p = 0.22), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.050), and cholesterol (p = 0.006). Waist circumference was strongly associated with total energy (p = 0.048), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.037), trans fatty acids (p = 0.039), and cholesterol (p = 0.000). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were associated with intakes of fat (HOMA-IR: p = 0.013; HOMA-B: p = 0.040) and monounsaturated fatty acids (HOMA-IR: p = 0.003; HOMA-B: p = 0.040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gugulethu T. Moyo
- Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Rufus J. Theophilus
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Khandelwal S, Kondal D, Gupta R, Chaudhry M, Dutta S, Ramakrishnan L, Patil K, Swamy M, Prabhakaran D, Tandon N, Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD. Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation in Lactating Women Increases Breast Milk and Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations and Alters Infant n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102010. [PMID: 37877035 PMCID: PMC10590723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or high n-6 (ω-6):n-3 ratio in pregnant women is associated with poor fetal growth velocity and suboptimal neurodevelopment. However, there is a lack of data on levels of important n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FAs) at different time points during pregnancy and lactation from India. Data on how much DHA is transferred during actual supplementation are also scarce. Objectives We report the concentrations of n-6 and n-3 FAs in maternal and infant blood and in breast milk following maternal supplementation with DHA or placebo. Methods A total of 957 pregnant women (≤20 wk) from Belagavi, Karnataka, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo through 6 mo postpartum. Blood samples were collected from the mother at recruitment/baseline, delivery, and 6 mo postpartum and from the infant at birth (cord) and 12 mo (venous). Breast milk samples were collected from a subsample at delivery, 1 mo and 6 mo postpartum. The FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. Results The concentration of DHA appeared to be higher in erythrocyte and breast milk samples of the DHA-supplemented group at all subsequent time points. The n-6:n-3 ratio was lower among women in the DHA group at delivery [DHA: 4.08 (1.79); placebo: 5.84 (3.57); P < 0.001] and at 6 mo postpartum [DHA: 5.34 (2.64); placebo: 7.69 (2.9); P < 0.001]. Infants of DHA-supplemented mothers also had a lower n-6:n-3 ratio at delivery and 12 mo. The n-6:n-3 ratio of breast milk increased from delivery through 1 to 6 mo but remained lower in the DHA-supplemented group than in the placebo. Conclusions Maternal DHA supplementation with 400 mg/d from early pregnancy through 6 mo postpartum significantly increased circulating DHA in breast milk and infant erythrocyte, whereas decreased erythrocyte and breast milk n-6:n-3 ratio. However, maternal supplementation did not get the ratio to the recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khandelwal
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Monica Chaudhry
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Soumam Dutta
- Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- Department of Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Patil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE’s J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - M.K. Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE’s J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Dere Yelken H, Elci MP, Turker PF, Demirkaya S. Exploring the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in modulating neuroinflammation in LPS-induced microglia: A comprehensive in vitro analysis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106739. [PMID: 37105440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of different omega (ω)- 3 and omega (ω)- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on cytokine secretion, cell viability, and microglial cell shape in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia. The addition of PUFAs at different ratios, especially ω-3 and ratios of 7/1 and 2/1 ω-6/ω-3, resulted in a significant increase in the ameboid form of microglial cells, as well as more branching of their distal branches. Microglial cells were treated with varying ratios of PUFAs, and their cytokine secretion was measured. The results showed that all PUFA ratios had lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion than the control group, higher interleukin (IL)- 4 secretion in the ω-6 group, and less IL-10 secretion most down IL-6 secretion in the 7/1 ratio group. The study suggests that determining the appropriate ω-6/ω-3 consumption ratio, especially the 7/1 and 2/1 ratios, may help manage neuroinflammation, develop dietary models in immune-mediated neurodegenerative diseases, and open up new treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dere Yelken
- Yeditepe University, 26 August Settlement, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
| | - M P Elci
- University of Health Sciences Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, Gülhane Complex, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey
| | - P F Turker
- Baskent University, Baglica Campus, Eskisehir highway 18.km Etimesgut, Ankara 06790, Turkey
| | - S Demirkaya
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey
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Dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulate the adiponectin and leptinmediated major signaling pathways in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obesity in Wistar rats. Nutr Res 2023; 110:74-86. [PMID: 36689814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that involves excessive accumulation of fat in white adipose tissue (WAT). Apart from storing excess fats, WAT also serves as an important endocrine organ secreting adipocytokines such as adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin and leptin bind to their transmembrane receptors adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)/adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) and Ob-R, respectively, and mediate their effect on metabolism by regulating multiple downstream targets. Dietary fat is considered the main culprit behind obesity development. Numerous preclinical studies have highlighted role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly n-3 PUFAs, in prevention of obesity. Despite emerging data, there still is no clear understanding of the mechanism of action of n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs on adipose tissue function in two functionally and anatomically different depots of WAT: visceral and subcutaneous. We designed this study using a high fat diet (HFD) fed rodent model of obesity to test our hypothesis that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs possibly differentially modulate adipokine secretion and downstream metabolic pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), protein kinase B (AKT)-forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription in obesity. The results of the current study showed that n-3 PUFAs upregulate the expression of AdipoR1/R2 and ameliorate the effects of HFD by modulating adipogenesis via PPAR-γ and by improving glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism via AKT-FOXO1 axis in fish oil fed rats. However, n-6 PUFAs did not show any remarkable change compared with HFD fed animals. Our study highlights that n-3 PUFAs modulate expression of various targets in adiponectin and leptin signaling cascade, bringing about an overall reduction in obesity and improvement in adipose tissue function in HFD induced obesity.
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Perez-Robles M, Campos-Perez W, Torres-Vanegas J, Rodriguez-Reyes SC, Rivera-Valdés JJ, Martínez-Lopez E. Abdominal Obesity, Excessive Adiposity, and the Taq1B CETP Variant Are Positively Associated with Serum Lipid Levels in Mexican Women. Lifestyle Genom 2023; 16:83-89. [PMID: 36652934 DOI: 10.1159/000529053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a prevalent multifactorial disease whose main complication is dyslipidemia. Serum lipid levels also depend on genetic factors including the Taq1B variant of the CETP gene, which is suggested to be influenced by environmental factors and adiposity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the Taq1B CETP variant on serum lipid levels associated with anthropometrical variables. METHODS 165 women from western Mexico were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Weight and body fat were measured by bioimpedance and waist circumference with a measuring tape. Serum lipid levels were determined by dry chemistry. The Taq1B CETP variant was analyzed by allelic discrimination. RESULTS Women with abdominal obesity and the B1B2/B2B2 genotype had significantly higher total cholesterol levels (195.17 [185.95-204.39] vs. 183 mg/dL [169.83-196.16], p = 0.007) and low density lipoprotein (118.84 [110.65-127.03] vs. 113.84 mg/dL [102.37-125.31], p = 0.037) than carriers of the B1B1 genotype. Likewise, subjects with excessive adiposity and the B1B2/B2B2 genotype showed significantly higher total cholesterol levels (195.05 [186.04-204.06] vs. 182.40 mg/dL [169.03-195.76], p = 0.003) than those with the B1B1 genotype. CONCLUSION Women with abdominal obesity or excessive adiposity, who are also carriers of the B1B2/B2B2 genotype, have higher serum lipid levels than women with the B1B1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Perez-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Wendy Campos-Perez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Joel Torres-Vanegas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo. Doctorado en Ciencias en Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sarai Citlalic Rodriguez-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Rivera-Valdés
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Yang L, Yang C, Chu C, Wan M, Xu D, Pan D, Xia H, Wang SK, Shu G, Chen S, Sun G. Beneficial effects of monounsaturated fatty acid-rich blended oils with an appropriate polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and a low n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on the health of rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7172-7185. [PMID: 35727941 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of dietary fat on health are influenced by its fatty acid profile. We aimed to determine the effects of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich blended oils (BO) containing a balance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and with a low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on the health of rats fed normal or high-fat diets. The BO was obtained by mixing red palm oil, rice bran oil (RO), tea seed oil and flaxseed oil in appropriate proportions. RESULTS BO consumption reduced the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), insulin (INS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); it increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, and the bone mineral density (BMD) versus control oil-containing normal and high-fat diets. BO also reduced the triglyceride (TG), hs-CRP, MDA, ox-LDL and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations; and increased the serum HDL-C and SOD, and BMD versus RO-containing high-fat diets. Finally, BO reduced the glucose (GLU) and INS, and HOMA-IR; it increased HDL-C, SOD, femoral weight and BMD versus RO-containing normal diets. CONCLUSION BOs with an appropriate fatty acid profile have beneficial effects on the glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and bone quality of rats when included in both normal and high-fat diets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Palm Oil Research and Technical Service Institute of Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Albar SA. Dietary Omega-6/Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) and Omega-3 Are Associated With General and Abdominal Obesity in Adults: UK National Diet and Nutritional Survey. Cureus 2022; 14:e30209. [PMID: 36381926 PMCID: PMC9650245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The link between dietary fats and obesity is still controversial, as in Western diets the percentage of energy from total fat has decreased while the intake of omega-6 has increased, and omega-3 decreased. These changes have corresponded with a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. Objective This study aims to examine the association of percentages of energy intake (EI) from omega-3 and omega-6 and Σω-6/Σω-3 ratio with BMI and two proxy indicators of central obesity (waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and relative fat mass (RFM) estimator of whole-body fat. Design A representative sample of 3,733 adults was used from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008/09-2018/19). An estimated four-day food record was used to calculate dietary intake. Regression models were used to verify the association of omega-3 and omega-6 and quintiles of Σω-6/ Σω-3 ratio with general and abdominal obesity with adjustment for important confounders. A p-value of <0.05 represented statistical significance. Results The findings of this study show that the average ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 was 5.5:1 ± 2. There was a significant association between the ratio of Σω-6/Σω-3 and BMI, WC, WHtR and RFM. However, the percentage of total EI from total fat was only significant with BMI, while the percentage of EI from omega-3 was negatively associated with WC, WHtR and RFM. No association was found between the percentage of EI from omega-6 and general or abdominal obesity. Conclusion The effect of Σω-6/Σω-3 may be largely driven by a deficiency in the intake of omega-3. Omega-6 and omega-3 should be listed as such in national surveys instead of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Meeting recommended levels of omega-3 and lowering Σω-6/Σω-3 are imperative to establish healthier dietary patterns and prevent obesity.
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Kim HK, Kang EY, Go GW. Recent insights into dietary ω-6 fatty acid health implications using a systematic review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1365-1376. [PMID: 36060573 PMCID: PMC9433510 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association suggests that consuming ω-6 fatty acids (5-10% of total energy) can prevent cardiovascular disease by improving lipoprotein profiles. However, some studies warn of deleterious effects of these due to eicosanoid biosynthesis. We explored the five years for clinical evidence of ω-6 fatty acids on several diseases including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Predefined criteria identified a total of 21 articles in 5 databases. Some studies indicated that dietary arachidonic acid was not related to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In cohort studies, ω-6 fatty acids prevented the onset of digestive and lung cancer. ω-6 Fatty acids improved blood lipoprotein profiles. Moreover, consuming ω-6 fatty acids delayed diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disease and had positive effects on muscle recovery and glaucoma. In conclusion, ω-6 fatty acids have beneficial effects on cancers, blood lipoprotein profiles, diabetes, renal disease, muscle function, and glaucoma without inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
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11
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Marchetti M, Gualtieri P, De Lorenzo A, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Ingegneri M, Cianci R, Frank G, Schifano G, Bigioni G, Di Renzo L. Dietary ω-3 intake for the treatment of morning headache: A randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol 2022; 13:987958. [PMID: 36203988 PMCID: PMC9530603 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.987958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morning headache (MH) is a frequent condition with a not fully explained pathogenesis. During the past years, several studies have been performed to identify a better diet therapy to reduce the frequency and intensity of headaches. Our study aims to determine if an adequate omega-3 (ω-3) intake in a Modified Mediterranean Diet (MMD) can improve the frequency and intensity of MH and, subsequently, the quality of life. Of the 150 enrolled subjects, 95 met the inclusion criteria (63.3%). Patients were included in the study and randomized into two groups: group A following MMD A and group B following MMD B. The MMD A group was designed to arise at least a 1.5:1 ω-6/ω-3 ratio; the MMD B group was designed to derive at least a 4:1 ω-6/ω-3 ratio. Eighty-four subjects completed the 6 weeks intervention (56%). After 6 weeks (t1), group A showed a significant reduction in both Headache Impact Test-6 and Visual Analog Scale scores (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). During dietary treatment, group A progressively dismissed ketoprofen-based pharmacological treatment (p = 0.002) from baseline to t1. Furthermore, a decrease in the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at t1 in group A (p = 0.02) was observed compared to group B. Concluding, this study provides evidence of a positive impact of ω-3-enriched MMD regimen on the inflammatory status and MH. Clinical trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01890070, identifier: NCT01890070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marchetti
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Domenico Trombetta
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Ingegneri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Schifano
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bigioni
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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12
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Metelcová T, Zamrazilová H, Vaňková M, Hill M, Tvrzická E, Staňková B, Taxová Braunerová R, Hainer V, Kunešová M. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in adolescents is associated with body composition in early adulthoods: an eight-year follow-up study. Physiol Res 2022; 71:349-356. [PMID: 35616037 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiometabolic diseases. A cohort of 84 men and 131 women were examined in adolescence and after 8 years. Body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) were measured. The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of serum phospholipids was assessed using gas chromatography. Statistics: PLS method. Aim: to determine the relationships between FAs in adolescence and FM (explanatory variable 1, EV1) and BW (explanatory variable 2, EV2) in adulthood. In the predictive models, a cluster of FAs in boys explained 47.2 % of EV1 and a cluster of 6 FAs in girls explained 32.3 % of EV1 measured in adulthood. FAs measured in adolescents explained 23.7 % of EV2 in early adults regardless of gender. A significant negative association was found between 18:1n-9c and EV1 in males and EV2 in both genders. We found a significant negative association between 18:2n-6 and 20:0 and both EV1 and EV2. In all analyses, we found a significant negative association of 20:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 with EV1-2 in both genders. A significant positive association was found in 20:3n-6 with EV1 and EV2 in males. 20:4n-6 was positively associated with EV1 in females and EV2 in both genders. A positive association between FM and very long chain n- 6 PUFAs was also observed. It is concluded that serum MUFAs and essential PUFAs in adolescence are associated with lower BW and FM in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Metelcová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Haldar S, Ponnalagu S, Osman F, Tay SL, Wong LH, Jiang YR, Leow MKS, Henry CJ. Increased Consumption of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Improves Body Composition in a Hypercholesterolemic Chinese Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:869351. [PMID: 35548564 PMCID: PMC9082591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.869351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
While an increase in fat intake and the resulting excess calorie intake are implicated in weight gain, different fat types exert variable effects on body composition, with unsaturated fats showing favorable effects on body composition in Western population. Whether and to what extent these associations apply to Asian population have not been established. We investigated the effects of two separate Asian-based oil blends, rich in unsaturated fats, made from refined rice bran, sesame, and flaxseed oils, in comparison with refined olive oil, on body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), from an 8-week, parallel design, randomized trial in 66 men (58.7 ± 5.71 years old, 23.0 ± 2.38 kg/m2) and 69 postmenopausal women (59.1 ± 5.34 years old, 21.7 ± 2.52 kg/m2), with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Despite increases in mean daily intakes of total energy (approximately +400 kcal/day, female, and approximately +240 kcal/day, male), as well as increases in percentage of calories from fats and proteins and decreases in percentage of calories from carbohydrates during the dietary intervention period, there were no significant changes in total body fat mass in both genders and also in all treatment groups. While total body weight increased slightly (0.36 ± 0.12 kg, p = 0.005) in women during intervention, this was mainly due to gain in lean mass (0.38 ± 0.081 kg, p < 0.0001). Correspondingly, there were reductions in total body fat (%), android fat (%), and gynoid fat (%) in women. No significant differences between the 3 intervention oil types were found in any of the measured parameters in either gender. Increasing relative intakes of unsaturated fats may prevent fat mass gain and circumvent muscle mass loss associated with menopause in older Asian women. Long-term studies are needed to confirm findings. This study had been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier No.: NCT03964857, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03964857).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Osman
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shia Lyn Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Long Hui Wong
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Rong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Mundula T, Russo E, Curini L, Giudici F, Piccioni A, Franceschi F, Amedei A. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation and modern lifestyle: the dark role of gut microbiota on related diseases with a focus on pandemic COVID-19. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5370-5396. [PMID: 35524667 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220430131018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological, beneficial and auto-limiting response of the host to alarming stimuli. Conversely, a chronic systemic low-grade inflammation (CSLGI), known as a long-time persisting condition, causes organs and host tissues' damage, representing a major risk for chronic diseases. Currently, a worldwide a high incidence of inflammatory chronic diseases is observed, often linked to the lifestyle-related changes occurred in the last decade's society. The mains lifestyle-related factors are a proinflammatory diet, psychological stress, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, and finally indoor living and working with its related consequences such as indoor pollution, artificial light exposure and low vitamin D production. Recent scientific evidences found that gut microbiota (GM) has a main role in shaping the host's health, particularly as CSLGI mediator. As a matter of facts, based on the last discoveries regarding the remarkable GM activity, in this manuscript we focused on the elements of actual lifestyle that influence the composition and function of intestinal microbial community, in order to elicit the CSLGI and its correlated pathologies. In this scenario, we provide a broad review of the interplay between modern lifestyle, GM and CSLGI with a special focus on the COVID symptoms and emerging long-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Mundula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Curini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Smvk P, Kommu S, Yadav D, Kondeti S, Kalashikam RR, Natarajan S. Effect of different dietary fats on inflammation and glucose intolerance in high fructose and high fat fed experimental animals. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:307-314. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Diet is the major modifiable risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance and its progression into diabetes. In the present study the effect of various dietary fats on inflammatory homeostasis and glucose tolerance is investigated in high fat and high fructose fed mice model.
Methods
C57/BL6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a casein-based diet containing high fructose (45%) and high fat (24%) (clarified butter oil [CBO]; safflower oil [SFFO] and lard oil [LO]) for 120 days; oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), plasma lipid profile and plasma & adipose tissue cytokines levels were compared with the control diet (10% groundnut oil and 59.5% starch) fed animals.
Results
The total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in CBO and LO fed animals with glucose intolerance and increased body weights; liver and white adipose tissue weights were higher in CBO and LO fed animals respectively. CBO feeding increased the plasma (IFN-γ) and adipose tissue cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 & TNF-α). LO feeding increased plasma IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β and adipose tissue IL-6. SFFO feeding decreased body weight and tissue cytokines and increased plasma IFN-γ levels without causing impairment in the glucose tolerance.
Conclusions
Consumption of a high fructose and high fat diet which mimic the present-day dietary pattern resulted in altered inflammatory homeostasis and impairment in glucose tolerance in 24% CBO and LO fed animals. The deleterious effects of high fructose feeding were reversed in SFFO fed mice possibly due to the presence of oleic and linoleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Smvk
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Srinivasulu Kommu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Suresh Kondeti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Rajender Rao Kalashikam
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Animal Facility , ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad , India
| | - Saravanan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry , ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India
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16
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Campos-Perez W, Perez-Robles M, Rodriguez-Echevarria R, Rivera-Valdés JJ, Rodríguez-Navarro FM, Rivera-Leon EA, Martinez-Lopez E. High dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio and simple carbohydrates as a potential risk factors for gallstone disease: A cross-sectional study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101802. [PMID: 34896648 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gallstone disease (GD) is a major cause for consultation at general surgery services worldwide. In fact, GD has a strong relationship with environmental factors. However, specific characteristics in the Mexican population have not been established. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary components, physical activity, body composition and serum lipids in women with and without GD. METHODS 54 women with GD and 75 without GD from West Mexico were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was obtained through a habitual day food record and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Physical activity was evaluated in accordance with WHO recommendations. Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated by bioimpedance (InBody 370) and serum lipids were measured using dry chemistry (Vitros-250 Analyzer). Student's t-test and binary logistic regression model were used. RESULTS Women with GD presented a higher BF% (40 ± 8.7 vs 35.21 ± 9.8%, p = 0.004), an elevated dietary ω-6:ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (18.0 ± 11.4 vs 10.9 ± 4.7, p<0.001) and a higher simple carbohydrates (sCH) intake (28.3 ± 17.8 vs 13.23 ± 8.2%, p<0.001) as well as lower HDL-cholesterol levels (37.43 ± 8.5 vs 46.6 ± 12.02 mg/dL, p<0.001) compared with women without GD. Furthermore, it was foun d a higher ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 1.52-10.38, p = 0.005) and excessive sCH consumption (OR: 7.4, 95% CI 1.92-28.65, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION We suggest that a high dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio and an excessive sCH intake are associated with an increased risk of GD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Campos-Perez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariana Perez-Robles
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan J Rivera-Valdés
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fernando M Rodríguez-Navarro
- División de Cirugía del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edgar A Rivera-Leon
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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17
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Patel A, Desai SS, Mane VK, Enman J, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Kangani N, Mohammadi M, Zeinolabedin M, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Association between Different Types of Edible Oils and Anthropometric Indices Mood, and Appetite among Women. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:1233748. [PMID: 36320895 PMCID: PMC9605855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1233748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between consumption of dietary oils and anthropometric indices, mood, and appetite among women staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used, and 245 women staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated. A 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary and nutrient intake. The association between liquid vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and animal fat intake and anthropometric indices, appetite, and mood was evaluated. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was used to assess mood. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate appetite status. The tape measure was used to measure the waist circumference and height. SPSS was used to compute body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). RESULTS In the present study, sunflower and frying oil were the most consumed liquid oils (n = 135/245 participants). Participants with a moderate intake of MUFA had greater odds ratio (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.20-10.7; P trend = 0.025) of a high appetite compared to those with a low intake of MUFA. However, the study found no evidence of an association between consumption of edible oils (vegetable oils, animal fat oils, and other fatty acid sources) and mood, anthropometric indices, or appetite. CONCLUSIONS In the current research, we noticed a significant connection between moderate intake of MUFA and a large appetite and no association between consumption of edible oils and other outcomes. In conclusion, a balanced diet low in fast meals, processed foods, cakes, cookies, and sweets is suggested to limit the consumption of artificial trans-fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Kangani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Zeinolabedin
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- Toronto Metropolitan University, School of Nutrition, Toronto M5B-2K3, Canada
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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19
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Barrón-Cabrera E, Torres-Castillo N, González-Becerra K, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Torres-Valadez R, Hernández-Cañaveral I, Martínez-López E. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with metabolic alterations in a sex-dependent manner in subjects from western Mexico. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:713-721. [PMID: 34750902 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACTN3 gene is primarily expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. A common nonsense polymorphism in this gene is ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), which causes an absolute deficiency of α-actinin-3 protein and alterations in muscle metabolism. Considering metabolic alterations are influenced by nutrition and genetic factors, as well as lifestyle factors, we hypothesise a possible association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with metabolic alterations. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 397 adults met the inclusion criteria. Body composition was measured by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary data were analysed using Nutritionist Pro™ software. Biochemical variables were determined by dry chemistry. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with high glucose, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and a higher frequency of hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance in women. In males, the genetic variant showed a trend towards significance for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was associated with metabolic alterations in women and a tendency was observed in men variant carriers. Thus, this common genetic variant could be implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina González-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eloy A Zepeda-Carrillo
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México.,Hospital Civil Dr Antonio González Guevara, Servicios de Salud de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México.,Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Iván Hernández-Cañaveral
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kim M, Voy BH. Fighting Fat With Fat: n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Adipose Deposition in Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755317. [PMID: 34658934 PMCID: PMC8511411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern broiler chickens are incredibly efficient, but they accumulate more adipose tissue than is physiologically necessary due to inadvertent consequences of selection for rapid growth. Accumulation of excess adipose tissue wastes feed in birds raised for market, and it compromises well-being in broiler-breeders. Studies driven by the obesity epidemic in humans demonstrate that the fatty acid profile of the diet influences adipose tissue growth and metabolism in ways that can be manipulated to reduce fat accretion. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can inhibit adipocyte differentiation, induce fatty acid oxidation, and enhance energy expenditure, all of which can counteract the accretion of excess adipose tissue. This mini-review summarizes efforts to counteract the tendency for fat accretion in broilers by enriching the diet in n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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21
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Adherence to a Fish-Rich Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Showing Low Viral Load: Implications for Nutritional Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103337. [PMID: 34684338 PMCID: PMC8541240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by genetic (e.g., APOE polymorphisms) and environmental factors between the virus and the host. HCV modulates the host’s lipid metabolism but dietary components influence lipids and in vitro HCV RNA replication. Few data exist on the role of dietary features or patterns (DPs) in HCV infection. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional profiles of chronic HCV (CHC) and spontaneous clearance (SC) Mexican patients in the context of APOE alleles and their correlation with HCV-related variables. The fibrosis-related APOEε3 allele prevailed in CHC and SC patients, who had four DPs (“meat and soft drinks”, DP1; “processed animal and fried foods”, DP2; “Mexican-healthy”, DP3; and “fish-rich”, DP4). In CHC subjects, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (PUFA ≥ 4.9%) was negatively associated, and fiber intake (≥21.5 g/day) was positively associated with a high viral load (p < 0.036). High adherence to fish-rich DP4 was associated with a higher frequency of CHC individuals consuming PUFA ≥ 4.9% (p = 0.004) and low viral load (p = 0.036), but a lower frequency of CHC individuals consuming fiber ≥21.5 g/day (p = 0.038). In SC and CHC individuals, modifying unhealthy DPs and targeting HCV-interacting nutrients, respectively, could be part of a nutritional management strategy to prevent further liver damage.
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Selmin OI, Papoutsis AJ, Hazan S, Smith C, Greenfield N, Donovan MG, Wren SN, Doetschman TC, Snider JM, Snider AJ, Chow SHH, Romagnolo DF. n-6 High Fat Diet Induces Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136919. [PMID: 34203196 PMCID: PMC8269411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Concerns are emerging that a high-fat diet rich in n-6 PUFA (n-6HFD) may alter gut microbiome and increase the risk of intestinal disorders. Research is needed to model the relationships between consumption of an n-6HFD starting at weaning and development of gut dysbiosis and colonic inflammation in adulthood. We used a C57BL/6J mouse model to compare the effects of exposure to a typical American Western diet (WD) providing 58.4%, 27.8%, and 13.7% energy (%E) from carbohydrates, fat, and protein, respectively, with those of an isocaloric and isoproteic soybean oil-rich n-6HFD providing 50%E and 35.9%E from total fat and carbohydrates, respectively on gut inflammation and microbiome profile. Methods: At weaning, male offspring were assigned to either the WD or n-6HFD through 10-16 weeks of age. The WD included fat exclusively from palm oil whereas the n-6HFD contained fat exclusively from soybean oil. We recorded changes in body weight, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, colon histopathology, and gut microbiome profile. Results: Compared to the WD, the n-6HFD increased plasma levels of n-6 fatty acids; colonic expression of COX-2; and the number of colonic inflammatory and hyperplastic lesions. At 16 weeks of age, the n-6HFD caused a marked reduction in the gut presence of Firmicutes, Clostridia, and Lachnospiraceae, and induced growth of Bacteroidetes and Deferribacteraceae. At the species level, the n-6HFD sustains the gut growth of proinflammatory Mucispirillum schaedleri and Lactobacillus murinus. Conclusions: An n-6HFD consumed from weaning to adulthood induces a shift in gut bacterial profile associated with colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella I. Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (O.I.S.); (S.N.W.); (J.M.S.); (A.J.S.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | | | - Sabine Hazan
- ProgenomaBiome, Ventura, CA 93003, USA; (A.J.P.); (S.H.)
| | | | | | - Micah G. Donovan
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Spencer N. Wren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (O.I.S.); (S.N.W.); (J.M.S.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Thomas C. Doetschman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Justin M. Snider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (O.I.S.); (S.N.W.); (J.M.S.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (O.I.S.); (S.N.W.); (J.M.S.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Sherry H.-H. Chow
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Donato F. Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (O.I.S.); (S.N.W.); (J.M.S.); (A.J.S.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Janiszewska J, Ostrowska J, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Influence of Nutrition on Adiponectin-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1394. [PMID: 33919141 PMCID: PMC8143119 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which synthesizes and secretes a variety of adipokines, including adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory properties. Its expression is influenced by numerous factors such as age, sex, body weight and adipose tissue content. However, dietary factors, i.e., diet structure and the percentage of individual nutrients and products, are very important modulators. Beneficial dietary habits are the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, diet based on plant products and diet with reduced energy value. Moreover, the share of individual products and nutrients which increase the concentration of adiponectin is worth noting. This group may include monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, alcohol and milk products. Conversely, dietary ingredients which have a negative effect on the concentration of adiponectin are typical components of the Western diet: saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and red meat. Furthermore, a diet characterized by a high glycemic index such as a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet also seems to be unfavorable. Due to the fact that available knowledge should be systematized, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on the concentration of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Ostrowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (D.S.-W.)
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Shrestha N, Vidimce J, Holland OJ, Cuffe JSM, Beck BR, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062946. [PMID: 33799409 PMCID: PMC7999727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence:
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25
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Kuklinski EJ, Hom MM, Ying GS, Lin MC, Chapkin RS, Jones R, Moser A, Kim KY, Maguire MG, Asbell PA. Associations Between Systemic Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels With Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms at Baseline in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:2-7. [PMID: 32097181 PMCID: PMC7483206 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation is used to treat systemic inflammatory diseases, but the role of n-3 in the pathophysiology and therapy of dry eye disease (DED) is not definitive. We evaluated the relationship of systemic n-3 levels with signs and symptoms at baseline in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. METHODS Blood samples from participants at baseline were analyzed for n-3 and n-6, measured as relative percentage by weight among all fatty acids in erythrocytes. Symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Signs including conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear breakup time (TBUT), and Schirmer's test with anesthesia were also evaluated. RESULTS There was no correlation between the systemic n-3 levels and DED symptoms. When the associations with signs of DED were assessed, lower DHA levels were associated with higher conjunctival staining, with mean scores of 3.31, 2.96, and 2.82 for low, medium, and high levels of DHA, respectively (linear trend P=0.007). None of the other signs were associated with DHA or the other measures of n-3. CONCLUSION Previous studies have found varying results on the role of n-3 supplementation with the signs and symptoms of DED. Among patients with DED enrolled in the DREAM Study, lower systemic n-3 levels were not associated with worse symptoms and most signs of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Kuklinski
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Meng C. Lin
- Clinical Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Richard Jones
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ann Moser
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ka Yeun Kim
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maureen G. Maguire
- Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Penny A. Asbell
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
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Healthy Obese Subjects Differ in Chronotype, Sleep Habits, and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition from Their Non-Healthy Counterparts. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010119. [PMID: 33396200 PMCID: PMC7824395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not the same in all individuals and two different phenotypes have been described: metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The aim of this study was to identify factors that explain metabolic health status in a rigorously matched Spanish population. Subcutaneous and visceral fat, adipocyte size and fatty acid composition, cardiometabolic markers in serum, and lifestyle habits were assessed. Higher physical activity in the mornings (Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) (OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.09–2.18), p = 0.01)), earlier bedtimes (8:30–10:30 pm) (OR = 2.11 (1.02–4.36), p = 0.04), a complete breakfast (OR = 1.59 (1.07–2.36), p = 0.02), and a greater number of meals per day (4.10 ± 0.05 vs. 3.93 ± 0.05, p < 0.01), were associated with the MHO phenotype. Concentrations of 20:5 n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (0.26 ± 0.46 vs. 0.10% ± 0.11%, p = 0.04) and 18:3 n-6 gamma-linolenic acid (0.37 ± 0.24 vs. 0.23% ± 0.22%, p = 0.04) in subcutaneous adipocytes were higher and omental adipocyte size (187 094 ± 224 059 µm3 vs. 490 953 ± 229 049 µm3, p = 0.02) was lower in MHO subjects than in those with MUO. Visceral fat area differed between MHO and MUO subjects (135 ± 60 cm2 vs. 178 ± 85 cm2, p = 0.04, respectively). The study highlights specific lifestyle habits that could form part of obesity therapies, not only involving healthier eating habits but also earlier sleeping and exercise patterns.
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27
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Alqarni A, Mitchell TW, McGorry PD, Nelson B, Markulev C, Yuen HP, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Thompson A, Yung AR, Amminger GP, Meyer BJ. Comparison of erythrocyte omega-3 index, fatty acids and molecular phospholipid species in people at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis and healthy people. Schizophr Res 2020; 226:44-51. [PMID: 31301881 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People classified as ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis have reduced cellular membrane omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We aimed to compare omega-3 index, fatty acids and molecular phospholipid species from erythrocytes of people with UHR (n = 285) with age-matched healthy controls (n = 120) assessed by mass spectrometry. Lower proportions of PUFA were observed in the UHR group compared to healthy controls; specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was 29.3% lower, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 27.2% lower, arachidonic acid (AA) was 15.8% lower and the omega-3 index was 26.9% lower. The AA to EPA ratio was higher in the UHR group compared to the healthy group. Smoking status had no significant effect on PUFA levels in healthy or the UHR groups. BMI was associated with PUFA levels in the UHR group only and the statistical model only explains 2% of the variance of the PUFA levels. The proportion of nervonic acid was 64.4% higher in the UHR group compared to healthy controls. At a lipid class level, the UHR group had 16% higher concentrations of sphingomyelin (SM) and 46% lower concentrations phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) compared to healthy group. Of the 49 individual molecular phospholipids, twenty-seven phospholipid species were lower in the UHR group. In conclusion, there are clear differences in the proportions of erythrocyte fatty acids and phospholipids between UHR and healthy controls and UHR had higher concentrations of SM and lower concentrations of PE. These differences may represent a promising prodromal risk biomarker in the UHR population to aid clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayedh Alqarni
- School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Connie Markulev
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; North Warwickshire Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Partnership Trust, Coventry, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Greater Manchester West National Health Service Mental Health Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen - The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.
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Wren SN, Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Doetschman TC, Romagnolo DF. A Villin-Driven Fxr Transgene Modulates Enterohepatic Bile Acid Homeostasis and Response to an n-6-Enriched High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217829. [PMID: 33105708 PMCID: PMC7659968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may contribute to inflammation and tissue damage associated with obesity and pathologies of the colon and liver. One contributing factor may be dysregulation by n-6 fatty acids of enterohepatic bile acid (BA) metabolism. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that regulates BA homeostasis in the liver and intestine. This study aims to compare the effects on FXR regulation and BA metabolism of a palm oil-based diet providing 28% energy (28%E) from fat and low n-6 linoleic acid (LA, 2.5%E) (CNTL) with those of a soybean oil-based diet providing 50%E from fat and high (28%E) in LA (n-6HFD). Wild-type (WT) littermates and a transgenic mouse line overexpressing the Fxrα1 isoform under the control of the intestine-specific Villin promoter (Fxrα1TG) were fed the CNTL or n-6HFD starting at weaning through 16 weeks of age. Compared to the CNTL diet, the n-6HFD supports higher weight gain in both WT and FxrαTG littermates; increases the expression of Fxrα1/2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ1 (Pparγ1) in the small intestine, Fxrα1/2 in the colon, and cytochrome P4507A1 (Cyp7a1) and small heterodimer protein (Shp) in the liver; and augments the levels of total BA in the liver, and primary chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), cholic (CA), and β-muricholic (βMCA) acid in the cecum. Intestinal overexpression of the Fxra1TG augments expression of Shp and ileal bile acid-binding protein (Ibabp) in the small intestine and Ibabp in the proximal colon. Conversely, it antagonizes n-6HFD-dependent accumulation of intestinal and hepatic CDCA and CA; hepatic levels of Cyp7a1; and expression of Pparγ in the small intestine. We conclude that intestinal Fxrα1 overexpression represses hepatic de novo BA synthesis and protects against n-6HFD-induced accumulation of human-specific primary bile acids in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer N. Wren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.N.W.); (O.I.S.)
| | - Micah G. Donovan
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Ornella I. Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.N.W.); (O.I.S.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Tom C. Doetschman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Donato F. Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.N.W.); (O.I.S.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-626-9108
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29
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Ayton A, Ibrahim A. The Western diet: a blind spot of eating disorder research?-a narrative review and recommendations for treatment and research. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:579-596. [PMID: 31846028 PMCID: PMC7682725 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, in parallel with the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of eating disorders has increased and presentations have changed. In this narrative review, we consider recent research exploring the implications of changing patterns of food consumption on metabolic and neurobiological pathways, a hitherto neglected area in eating disorder research. One of the major changes over this time has been the introduction of ultra-processed (NOVA-4) foods, which are gradually replacing unprocessed and minimally processed foods. This has resulted in the increased intake of various sugars and food additives worldwide, which has important metabolic consequences: triggering insulin and glucose response, stimulating appetite, and affecting multiple endocrine and neurobiological pathways, as well as the microbiome. A paradigm shift is needed in the conceptual framework by which the vulnerability to, and maintenance of, different eating disorders may be understood, by integrating recent knowledge of the individual metabolic responses to modern highly processed foods into existing psychological models. This could stimulate research and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ayton
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Snowsfields Adolescent Unit, Mapother House, Maudsley Hospital, London
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Ojwang AA, Smuts CM, Zec M, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Kruger IM, Kruger HS. Comparison of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids between normal weight and overweight black South Africans according to metabolic health: The PURE study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102039. [PMID: 31780327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding circulating fatty acids (FA) in association with metabolic health in black Africans is scarce, while the usefulness of circulating FAs as biomarkers of dietary fat intake and predictors for medical conditions is increasing. OBJECTIVE We compared eleven dietary and the levels of 26 plasma phospholipid FAs in metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes in black South African adults. METHODS Adults from the South African arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study baseline (n = 711) were categorised into four groups, namely normal weight without metabolic syndrome (MetS) (MHNW), normal weight with MetS (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO). Dietary and plasma phospholipid FAs were measured by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We compared dietary FAs, plasma phospholipid FAs, and estimated desaturase activity between the metabolic status groups using ANCOVA adjusted for age and energy intake. RESULTS MetS was diagnosed in 35% of the participants. After adjustment for age and total energy intake, in comparison to the MHNW reference group, saturated dietary FAs (C14:0 to C18:0) and alpha-linolenic acid intakes were higher in both overweight/obese groups (MHO and MUO), while linoleic acid intakes were higher in the MUO group only. Plasma levels of most saturated FAs (C18:0 to C22:0) and PUFAs were higher, whereas selected MUFAs, palmitic acid, and estimated desaturase activities were lower in the overweight/obese groups. CONCLUSIONS The overweight groups generally had higher fat intakes than normal-weight groups, but lower plasma levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, cis-vaccenic and estimated desaturase activities. Therefore, in this population, lower plasma levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and cis-vaccenic acids and decreased estimated desaturase activities may be biomarkers of abnormal metabolic health in overweight/obese study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ojwang
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Technical University of Kenya, Kenya.
| | - C M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - M Zec
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E Wentzel-Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - I M Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - H S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council Extra Mural Unit: Hypertension and CVD, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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31
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Sakamuri A, Sakamuri SSVP, Kona SR, Jeyapal S, Ibrahim A. Diets with low n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio protects rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia and associated hepatic changes: Comparison between 18:3 n-3 and long-chain n-3 PUFA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102082. [PMID: 32169807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of substituting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) for linoleic acid and hence decreasing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and associated hepatic changes. Weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed with starch-diet (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio 215:1) and high-fructose diets with different n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (215:1, 2:1 with ALA and 5:1 with long-chain n-3 PUFA) for twenty-four weeks. Substitution of linoleic acid with ALA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5) protected the rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress and corrected lipogenic and proinflammatory gene expression. Both ALA and long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation also reversed the fructose-induced upregulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) gene, which is involved in the generation of active glucocorticoids in tissues. Although both ALA and LC n-3 PUFA prevented fructose-induced dyslipidemia to a similar extent, compared to ALA, LC n-3 PUFA is more effective in preventing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sugeedha Jeyapal
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
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Poon K. Behavioral Feeding Circuit: Dietary Fat-Induced Effects of Inflammatory Mediators in the Hypothalamus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591559. [PMID: 33324346 PMCID: PMC7726204 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary fat intake has extensive impacts on several physiological systems and can lead to metabolic and nonmetabolic disease. In animal models of ingestion, exposure to a high fat diet during pregnancy predisposes offspring to increase intake of dietary fat and causes increase in weight gain that can lead to obesity, and without intervention, these physiological and behavioral consequences can persist for several generations. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that responds to physiological hunger and fullness and contains orexigenic neuropeptide systems that have long been associated with dietary fat intake. The past fifteen years of research show that prenatal exposure to a high fat diet increases neurogenesis of these neuropeptide systems in offspring brain and are correlated to behavioral changes that induce a pro-consummatory and obesogenic phenotype. Current research has uncovered several potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive dietary fat alters the hypothalamus and involve dietary fatty acids, the immune system, gut microbiota, and transcriptional and epigenetic changes. This review will examine the current knowledge of dietary fat-associated changes in the hypothalamus and the potential pathways involved in modifying the development of orexigenic peptide neurons that lead to changes in ingestive behavior, with a special emphasis on inflammation by chemokines.
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Marth S, Börnhorst C, Mehlig K, Russo P, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Veidebaum T, Molnár D, Tornaritis M, Risé P, Wolters M. Associations of whole blood polyunsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance among European children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:1647-1651. [PMID: 32270281 PMCID: PMC8463339 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association of whole blood n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with insulin resistance (IR) in children. Whole blood fatty acids were measured in 705 children aged 2-9 years of the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort using gas chromatography in units of weight percentage of all detected fatty acids (%wt/wt). IR was determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for IR (HOMA). Mixed effect models were used to assess the associations between selected baseline PUFA and HOMA z-scores at baseline and after 2- and 6-year follow-ups using models with basic and additional confounder adjustment as well as stratified by sex and weight status. In the basic model, α-linolenic (β = 1.46 SD/%wt/wt, p = 0.006) and eicosapentaenoic acid (β = 1.17 SD/%wt/wt, p = 0.001) were positively associated with baseline HOMA z-score. In the stratified analyses, α-linolenic acid was positively associated with HOMA z-score in girls only (β = 1.98 SD/%wt/wt, p = 0.006) and arachidonic acid was inversely associated with baseline HOMA in thin/normal-weight children (β = - 0.13 SD/%wt/wt, p = 0.0063). In the fully adjusted model, no statistically significant associations were seen.Conclusions: Our overall results do not indicate a protective role of higher blood n-3 PUFA or an adverse role of higher blood arachidonic acid proportion on the risk of IR. What is Known: •Intervention studies reported a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on insulin resistance compared with placebo while observational studies in cildren are inconclusive. •Studies have shown a positive association of n-6 arachidonic acid and insulin resistance indicating an adverse role of arachidonic acid. What is New: •Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses based on circulating blood fatty acid concentrations in a large cohort of European children and adolescents. •Overall results do not support a protective role of n-3 PUFA or an adverse role of arachidonic acid in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marth
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- Sahlgrenska School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Patrizia Risé
- DISFARM, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maike Wolters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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PUFAs supplementation affects the renal expression of pannexin 1 and connexins in diabetic kidney of rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:165-175. [PMID: 31858211 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic nephropathy (DN), intercellular communication is disrupted. Connexins (Cx) have a crucial role in that process. Dietary ratios and supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can alleviate diabetic complications and cause alterations in Cx levels. Although pannexins (Panx) share similarities with members of the Cx family, their function in diabetic nephropathy has still not been fully determined. We studied the influence of PUFA supplementation on the immunoexpression of Px1 and Cx family members in diabetic kidneys of rats. Four groups of rats in experimental DM1 model were supplemented with different dietary n-6/n-3 ratios; ≈7 in control (C) and diabetic groups (STZ), ≈ 60 in the STZ + N6 group and ≈ 1 (containing 16% EPA and 19% DHA) in the STZ + N3 group. Immunoexpression of Cx40, Cx43, Cx45 and Panx1 was evaluated in the renal tissue of diabetic rats using immunohistochemistry. Diabetes significantly decreased the protein expression of Cx40 and Cx43 and increased Panx1 protein expression in the renal cortex (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). There was a significant impact of diet on Cx and Panx1 immunoexpression. Dietary supplementation with a high n-6/n-3 ratio downregulated the protein expression of Cx45 and Panx1 in diabetic rats (p < 0.05-p < 0.01), while Cx43 immunoexpression was increased in diabetic rats fed with high and low n-6/n-3 ratios (p < 0.01-p < 0.001). Hyperglycaemic conditions in DN interfere with cell-to-cell communication and disturb the connection between cells and their immediate environment due to variations in connexin and pannexin immunoexpression. These variations can be regulated by PUFA dietary intake, suggesting their beneficial effect and possible therapeutic option.
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Interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Polymorphism and Dietary Factors Influence Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Diabetic Patients from Western Mexico: A Cross-sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122863. [PMID: 31766642 PMCID: PMC6949992 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen relevant interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary intakes with reference to phenotypical features in patients with T2D from western Mexico. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 175 T2D patients were enrolled. Dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day food records and appropriate software. Glycemic and blood lipid profiles were measured by standardized methods. Genotyping of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism was performed by the RFLP method. Gene-diet interactions regarding anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes were screened by adjusted multiple linear regression analyses. Genotype frequencies of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism were A1A1 (16.0%), A1A2 (52.6%), and A2A2 (31.4%). Statistically significant interactions between the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotypes and dietary factors in relation to blood triglyceride (TG) levels were found. Carriers of the A1 allele (A1A1 homozygotes plus A1A2 heterozygotes) were protected from TG increases by maltose intake (P int. = 0.023). Instead, A2A2 homozygotes were susceptible to TG rises through consumptions of total fat (P int. = 0.041), monounsaturated fatty acids (P int. = 0.001), and dietary cholesterol (P int. = 0.019). This study suggests that the interactions between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and dietary factors (sugar and fats) influence TG levels in diabetic patients.
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Stupin M, Kibel A, Stupin A, Selthofer-Relatić K, Matić A, Mihalj M, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 31543828 PMCID: PMC6728652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Dermatology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Leyrolle Q, Layé S, Nadjar A. Direct and indirect effects of lipids on microglia function. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134348. [PMID: 31238131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are key players in brain function by maintaining brain homeostasis across lifetime. They participate to brain development and maturation through their ability to release neurotrophic factors, to remove immature synapses or unnecessary neural progenitors. They modulate neuronal activity in healthy adult brains and they also orchestrate the neuroinflammatory response in various pathophysiological contexts such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. One of the main features of microglia is their high sensitivity to environmental factors, partly via the expression of a wide range of receptors. Recent data pinpoint that dietary fatty acids modulate microglia function. Both the quantity and the type of fatty acid are potent modulators of microglia physiology. The present review aims at dissecting the current knowledge on the direct and indirect mechanisms (focus on gut microbiota and hormones) through which fatty acids influence microglial physiology. We summarize main discoveries from in vitro and in vivo models on fatty acid-mediated microglial modulation. All these studies represent a promising field of research that could promote using nutrition as a novel therapeutic or preventive tool in diseases involving microglia dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Leyrolle
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Nadjar
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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38
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Chacińska M, Zabielski P, Książek M, Szałaj P, Jarząbek K, Kojta I, Chabowski A, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The Impact of OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Content of Adipocytokines and Biologically Active Lipids in Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Fed Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040835. [PMID: 31013835 PMCID: PMC6520951 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the "low-grade" state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet-control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chacińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Szałaj
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- BioStat, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jarząbek
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kojta
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Urszula Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Omega-3 supplementation with resistance training does not improve body composition or lower biomarkers of inflammation more so than resistance training alone in older men. Nutr Res 2018; 60:87-95. [PMID: 30527263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3.0 g/d of omega-3 fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) supplementation combined with progressive resistance training to improve body composition and lower inflammatory cytokines in older men when compared to placebo and resistance training. We hypothesized that completing a 12-week omega-3 supplementation period along with whole body resistance exercise (3 times/wk) would result in a significantly greater improvement in lean tissue mass as well as a significant decrease in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α when compared to placebo. A total of 23 older men (≥65 years old) were randomized to an omega-3 supplementation group (n = 11) or placebo group (n = 12), and all the participants completed the same whole body progressive resistance training program. Baseline and 12-week data collection included body composition, muscle strength, functional ability, and inflammatory cytokines. Results indicated a significant main effect for time (all P < .05) for percent body fat (-2.5%), lean tissue mass (+1.1%), lumbar bone mineral density (+1.1%), hip bone mineral content (+1.1%), chest press strength (+31%), leg press strength (+37%), timed-up-and-go (-6.6%), and 6-minute walk distance (+4.5%) from baseline to post 12 weeks. No significant effects were noted for the 2 inflammatory cytokines measured (P > .05). We conclude that progressive resistance training exercise is an excellent method to enhance parameters of body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and functional ability in older men, whereas omega-3 supplementation did nothing to enhance these parameters or influence inflammatory biomarkers.
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