1
|
Shen HT, Hung CS, Davis C, Su CM, Liao LM, Shih HM, Lee KD, Ansar M, Lin RK. Hypermethylation of the Gene Body in SRCIN1 Is Involved in Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Is a Potential Blood-Based Biomarker for Early Detection and a Poor Prognosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:571. [PMID: 38785978 PMCID: PMC11118508 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, we analyzed plasma sample methylation to identify the SRCIN1 gene in breast cancer patients. We assessed SRCIN1-related roles and pathways for their biomarker potential. To verify the methylation status, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was performed on genomic DNA and circulating cell-free DNA samples, and mRNA expression analysis was performed using RT‒qPCR. The results were validated in a Western population; for this analysis, the samples included plasma samples from breast cancer patients from the USA and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. To study the SRCIN1 pathway, we conducted cell viability assays, gene manipulation and RNA sequencing. SRCIN1 hypermethylation was identified in 61.8% of breast cancer tissues from Taiwanese patients, exhibiting specificity to this malignancy. Furthermore, its presence correlated significantly with unfavorable 5-year overall survival outcomes. The levels of methylated SRCIN1 in the blood of patients from Taiwan and the USA correlated with the stage of breast cancer. The proportion of patients with high methylation levels increased from 0% in healthy individuals to 63.6% in Stage 0, 80% in Stage I and 82.6% in Stage II, with a sensitivity of 78.5%, an accuracy of 90.3% and a specificity of 100%. SRCIN1 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with increased SRCIN1 mRNA expression (p < 0.001). Knockdown of SRCIN1 decreased the viability of breast cancer cells. SRCIN1 silencing resulted in the downregulation of ESR1, BCL2 and various cyclin protein expressions. SRCIN1 hypermethylation in the blood may serve as a noninvasive biomarker, facilitating early detection and prognosis evaluation, and SRCIN1-targeted therapies could be used in combination regimens for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Tsung Shen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-T.S.); (H.-M.S.); (K.-D.L.)
- EG BioMed US Inc., Covina, CA 91722, USA;
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- EG BioMed US Inc., Covina, CA 91722, USA;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Clilia Davis
- International Master Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ming Su
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Min Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-T.S.); (H.-M.S.); (K.-D.L.)
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-T.S.); (H.-M.S.); (K.-D.L.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Muhamad Ansar
- Ph.D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Kai Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (H.-T.S.); (H.-M.S.); (K.-D.L.)
- EG BioMed US Inc., Covina, CA 91722, USA;
- Ph.D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, Masters Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Clinical Trial Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Yang P, Yang Y, Liu S, Xu Y, Wu C, Wang J, Liu C, Liu H, Li S, Huang W, Jing H. Genomic landscape and distinct molecular subtypes of primary testicular lymphoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:414. [PMID: 38693538 PMCID: PMC11064289 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare lymphoma predominantly occurring in the elderly male population. It is characterized by a limited response to treatment and a heightened tendency towards relapse. Histologically, approximately 90% of PTL cases are classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Genetic features of PTL were delineated in a limited scope within several independent studies. Some of the articles which analyzed the genetic characterization of DLBCL have incorporated PTL samples, but these have been constrained by small sample sizes. In addition, there have been an absence of independent molecular typing studies of PTL. This report summarizes the common mutational features, copy number variations (CNVs) and molecular typing of PTL patients, based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) conducted on a cohort of 25 PTL patients. Among them, HLA, CDKN2A and MYD88 had a high mutation frequency. In addition, we found two core mutational characteristics in PTL including mutation in genes linked to genomic instability (TP53 and CDKN2A) and mutation in immune-related genes (HLA, MYD88, CD79B). We performed molecular typing of 25 PTL patients into C1 subtype with predominantly TP53 mutations and C2 subtype with predominantly HLA mutations. Notably, mutations in the TP53 gene predicted a poor outcome in most types of lymphomas. However, the C1 subtype, dominated by TP53 mutations, had a better prognosis compared to the C2 subtype in PTL. C2 subtype exhibited a worse prognosis, aligning with our finding that the mechanism of immune escape in PTL was primarily the deletions of HLA rather than PD-L1/PD-L2 alterations, a contrast to other DLBCLs. Moreover, we calculated the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and identified that TMB can predict prognosis and recurrence rate in PTL. Our study underscores the significance of molecular typing in PTL based on mutational characteristics, which plays a crucial role in prognostication and guiding therapeutic strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuozi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongdeng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chaoling Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cuiling Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | | | - Wei Huang
- MyGenostics Inc, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krishnamohan M, Kaplanov I, Maudi-Boker S, Yousef M, Machluf-Katz N, Cohen I, Elkabets M, Titus J, Bersudsky M, Apte RN, Voronov E, Braiman A. Tumor Cell-Associated IL-1α Affects Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Mice through Manipulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3950. [PMID: 38612760 PMCID: PMC11011794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-1α is a dual function cytokine that affects inflammatory and immune responses and plays a pivotal role in cancer. The effects of intracellular IL-1α on the development of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mice were assessed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to suppress IL-1α expression in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Knockout of IL-1α in 4T1 cells modified expression of multiple genes, including downregulation of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated pro-inflammatory cells. Orthotopical injection of IL-1α knockout (KO) 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice led to a significant decrease in local tumor growth and lung metastases, compared to injection of wild-type 4T1 (4T1/WT) cells. Neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were abundant in tumors developing after injection of 4T1/WT cells, whereas more antigen-presenting cells were observed in the tumor microenvironment after injection of IL-1α KO 4T1 cells. This switch correlated with increased infiltration of CD3+CD8+ and NKp46+cells. Engraftment of IL-1α knockout 4T1 cells into immunodeficient NOD.SCID mice resulted in more rapid tumor growth, with increased lung metastasis in comparison to engraftment of 4T1/WT cells. Our results suggest that tumor-associated IL-1α is involved in TNBC progression in mice by modulating the interplay between immunosuppressive pro-inflammatory cells vs. antigen-presenting and cytotoxic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathumathi Krishnamohan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Irena Kaplanov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Sapir Maudi-Boker
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Yousef
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Noy Machluf-Katz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, Israel;
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Jaison Titus
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge Y, Lin X, He J, Chen W, Lin D, Zheng Y, Yang L, Xu F, Li Z. Genomics and tumor microenvironment of breast mucoepidermoid carcinoma based on whole-exome and RNA sequencing. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:15. [PMID: 38243319 PMCID: PMC10797953 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare entity. The molecular characteristics of breast MEC have not been fully investigated due to its rarity. We performed a retrospective study among 1000 patients with breast carcinomas and identified four cases of breast MEC. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Immunohistochemistry panels which were used to diagnose salivary gland MEC and breast carcinomas were also performed. MAML2 rearrangements were detected by FISH and fusion partners were identified by RNA sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to reveal the genomes of these four breast MEC. Then, the biological functions and features of breast MEC were further compared with those of invasive breast carcinomas and salivary gland MEC.According to Ellis and Auclair's methods, these four breast MEC could be classified as low-grade breast MEC. All the patients were alive, and disease-free survival (PFS) ranged from 20 months to 67 months. Among these four breast MEC, two cases were triple-negative, and the other two cases were found to be ER positive, with one also showing HER2 equivocal by immunohistochemical staining, but no amplification in FISH. FISH analysis confirmed the presence of the MAML2 translocation in three of four tumors, and CRTC1-MAML2 fusion was confirmed in two of them by RNA-sequencing. The average coverage size of WES for the tumor mutation burden estimation was 32 Mb. MUC4, RP1L1 and QRICH2 mutations were identified in at least three tumors, and these mutation also existed in breast invasive carcinoma databases (TCGA, Cell 2015; TCGA, Nature 2012). The results showed that there were many genes in breast MEC overlapping with the breast invasive carcinoma databases mentioned above, range from 5 to 63 genes (median:21 genes). Next, we assessed immune cell infiltration levels in these tumors. In all these tumors, M2 macrophages and plasma cell were in the high infiltration group. Our breast MEC showed different results from the salivary gland MEC, whose plasma cells were in the low infiltration group. Overall, we first analyzed the genomics and tumor microenvironment of breast mucoepidermoid carcinoma and proposed our hypothesis that although MECs arising in the breast resemble their salivary gland counterparts phenotypically, our findings indicate that breast MECs probably resemble invasive breast carcinomas at the genetic level and immune cell infiltration levels. More cases and in deep research need to be done to further understand this rare carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People' s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), 49 Dagong Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Xingtao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People' s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), 49 Dagong Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Fangping Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bag S, Oetjen J, Shaikh S, Chaudhary A, Arun P, Mukherjee G. Impact of spatial metabolomics on immune-microenvironment in oral cancer prognosis: a clinical report. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:41-49. [PMID: 36966422 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
MALDI imaging for metabolites and immunohistochemistry for 38 immune markers was used to characterize the spatial biology of 2 primary oral tumours, one from a patient with an early recurrence (Tumour R), and the other from a patient with no recurrence 2 years after treatment completion (Tumour NR). Tumour R had an increased purine nucleotide metabolism in different regions of tumour and adenosine-mediated suppression of immune cells compared to Tumour NR. The differentially expressed markers in the different spatial locations in tumour R were CD33, CD163, TGF-β, COX2, PD-L1, CD8 and CD20. These results suggest that altered tumour metabolomics concomitant with a modified immune microenvironment could be a potential marker of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Bag
- Tata Medical Center, Newtown, Kolkata, 700 160, India
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, New Delhi, 110 007, India
| | | | - Soni Shaikh
- Tata Medical Center, Newtown, Kolkata, 700 160, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim D, Yu Y, Jung KS, Kim YH, Kim JJ. Tumor Microenvironment Can Predict Chemotherapy Response of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:162-177. [PMID: 37499695 PMCID: PMC10789965 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that has poor prognosis and exhibits a unique tumor microenvironment. Analysis of the tumor microbiome has indicated a relationship between the tumor microenvironment and treatment response. Therefore, we attempted to reveal the role of the tumor microbiome in patients with TNBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected TNBC patient RNA-sequencing samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus and extracted microbiome count data. Differential and relative abundance were estimated with linear discriminant analysis effect size. We calculated the immune cell fraction with CIBERSORTx and conducted survival analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas patient data. Correlations between the microbiome and immune cell compositions were analyzed and a prediction model was constructed to estimate drug response. RESULTS Among the pathological complete response group (pCR), the beta diversity varied considerably; consequently, 20 genera and 24 species were observed to express a significant differential and relative abundance. Pandoraea pulmonicola and Brucella melitensis were found to be important features in determining drug response. In correlation analysis, Geosporobacter ferrireducens, Streptococcus sanguinis, and resting natural killer cells were the most correlated factors in the pCR, whereas Nitrosospira briensis, Plantactinospora sp. BC1, and regulatory T cells were key features in the residual disease group. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the microbiome analysis of tumor tissue can predict chemotherapy response of patients with TNBC. Further, the immunological tumor microenvironment may be impacted by the tumor microbiome, thereby affecting the corresponding survival and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ki Sun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Gao W, Lu M, Yao X, Yang D. Development of an interpretable machine learning model for Ki-67 prediction in breast cancer using intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics features. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1290313. [PMID: 38044998 PMCID: PMC10691503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1290313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional immunohistochemistry assessment of Ki-67 in breast cancer (BC) via core needle biopsy is invasive, inaccurate, and nonrepeatable. While machine learning (ML) provides a promising alternative, its effectiveness depends on extensive data. Although the current mainstream MRI-centered radiomics offers sufficient data, its unsuitability for repeated examinations, along with limited accessibility and an intratumoral focus, constrain the application of predictive models in evaluating Ki-67 levels. Objective This study aims to explore ultrasound (US) image-based radiomics, incorporating both intra- and peritumoral features, to develop an interpretable ML model for predicting Ki-67 expression in BC patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 263 BC patients, divided into training and external validation cohorts. From intratumoral and peritumoral regions of interest (ROIs) in US images, 849 distinctive radiomics features per ROI were derived. These features underwent systematic selection to analyze Ki-67 expression relationships. Four ML models-logistic regression, random forests, support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting-were formulated and internally validated to identify the optimal predictive model. External validation was executed to ascertain the robustness of the optimal model, followed by employing Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) to reveal the significant features of the model. Results Among 231 selected BC patients, 67.5% exhibited high Ki-67 expression, with consistency observed across both training and validation cohorts as well as other clinical characteristics. Of the 1698 radiomics features identified, 15 were significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression. The SVM model, utilizing combined ROI, demonstrated the highest accuracy [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC): 0.88], making it the most suitable for predicting Ki-67 expression. External validation sustained an AUROC of 0.82, affirming the model's robustness above a 40% threshold. SHAP analysis identified five influential features from intra- and peritumoral ROIs, offering insight into individual prediction. Conclusion This study emphasized the potential of SVM model using radiomics features from both intra- and peritumoral US images, for predicting elevated Ki-67 levels in BC patients. The model exhibited strong performance in validations, indicating its promise as a noninvasive tool to enable personalized decision-making in BC care.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fiannaca A, La Rosa M, La Paglia L, Gaglio S, Urso A. GOWDL: gene ontology-driven wide and deep learning model for cell typing of scRNA-seq data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad332. [PMID: 37756593 PMCID: PMC10530315 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for obtaining genomic and transcriptomic profiles of individual cells. That data make it possible to characterize tissues at the cell level. In this context, one of the main analyses exploiting scRNA-seq data is identifying the cell types within tissue to estimate the quantitative composition of cell populations. Due to the massive amount of available scRNA-seq data, automatic classification approaches for cell typing, based on the most recent deep learning technology, are needed. Here, we present the gene ontology-driven wide and deep learning (GOWDL) model for classifying cell types in several tissues. GOWDL implements a hybrid architecture that considers the functional annotations found in Gene Ontology and the marker genes typical of specific cell types. We performed cross-validation and independent external testing, comparing our algorithm with 12 other state-of-the-art predictors. Classification scores demonstrated that GOWDL reached the best results over five different tissues, except for recall, where we got about 92% versus 97% of the best tool. Finally, we presented a case study on classifying immune cell populations in breast cancer using a hierarchical approach based on GOWDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Fiannaca
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo La Rosa
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura La Paglia
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gaglio
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli studi di Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Urso
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dellino M, Cerbone M, Laganà AS, Vitagliano A, Vimercati A, Marinaccio M, Baldini GM, Malvasi A, Cicinelli E, Damiani GR, Cazzato G, Cascardi E. Upgrading Treatment and Molecular Diagnosis in Endometrial Cancer-Driving New Tools for Endometrial Preservation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119780. [PMID: 37298731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One emerging problem for onco-gynecologists is the incidence of premenopausal patients under 40 years of age diagnosed with stage I Endometrial Cancer (EC) who want to preserve their fertility. Our review aims to define a primary risk assessment that can help fertility experts and onco-gynecologists tailor personalized treatment and fertility-preserving strategies for fertile patients wishing to have children. We confirm that risk factors such as myometrial invasion and The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging should be integrated into the novel molecular classification provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We also corroborate the influence of classical risk factors such as obesity, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and diabetes mellitus to assess fertility outcomes. The fertility preservation options are inadequately discussed with women with a diagnosis of gynecological cancer. A multidisciplinary team of gynecologists, oncologists, and fertility specialists could increase patient satisfaction and improve fertility outcomes. The incidence and death rates of endometrial cancer are rising globally. International guidelines recommend radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the standard of care for this cancer; however, fertility-sparing alternatives should be tailored to motivated women of reproductive age, establishing an appropriate cost-benefit balance between childbearing desire and cancer risk. New molecular classifications such as that of TCGA provide a robust supplementary risk assessment tool that can tailor the treatment options to the patient's needs, curtail over- and under-treatment, and contribute to the spread of fertility-preserving strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dellino
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Cerbone
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Marinaccio
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Malvasi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bou-Dargham MJ, Sha L, Sarker DB, Krakora-Compagno MZ, Chen Z, Zhang J, Sang QXA. TCGA RNA-Seq and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Imaging Data Reveal Cold Tumor Signatures of Invasive Ductal Carcinomas and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Human Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119355. [PMID: 37298307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies of immune-active hot and immune-deserted cold tumors are critical for identifying therapeutic targets and strategies to improve immunotherapy outcomes in cancer patients. Tumors with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are likely to respond to immunotherapy. We used the human breast cancer RNA-seq data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and classified them into hot and cold tumors based on their lymphocyte infiltration scores. We compared the immune profiles of hot and cold tumors, their corresponding normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT), and normal breast tissues from healthy individuals from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Cold tumors showed a significantly lower effector T cells, lower levels of antigen presentation, higher pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages, and higher expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness-associated genes. Hot/cold dichotomy was further tested using TIL maps and H&E whole-slide pathology images from the cancer imaging archive (TCIA). Analysis of both datasets revealed that infiltrating ductal carcinoma and estrogen receptor ER-positive tumors were significantly associated with cold features. However, only TIL map analysis indicated lobular carcinomas as cold tumors and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) as hot tumors. Thus, RNA-seq data may be clinically relevant to tumor immune signatures when the results are supported by pathological evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Linlin Sha
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Drishty B Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Zhui Chen
- Abbisko Therapeutics, Shanghai 200100, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dioguardi M, Spirito F, Alovisi M, Aiuto R, Garcovich D, Crincoli V, Ballini A, Caloro GA, Lo Muzio L. Location and Gender Differences in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patients Treated with Antiresorptive and Antineoplastic Drugs Undergoing Dentoalveolar Surgical, Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093299. [PMID: 37176741 PMCID: PMC10178920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and more generally of neoplastic and metabolic pathologies affecting bone tissues, antiresorption drugs such as bisphosphonates and monoclonal antibody are used. Bisphosphonates have been linked to cases of osteonecrosis of the jaws since 2003 by Marx, with more and more evidence over the next two decades; together with bisphosphonate drugs, cases relating to the use of monoclonal drugs have been subsequently added. Among the main independent risk factors, we have extraction procedures in oral surgery that can affect both the mandible and the maxilla and the anterior or posterior sectors. The incidence of MRONJ treated with oral bisphosphonates ranges from 0.5% to 3% according to studies; this incidence would appear to be higher in patients treated with antiresorptive agents with neoplastic diseases. Many pathologies including those in which antiresorptive drugs are used show differences in prevalence in relation to sex; similarly, there could be differences in the incidence of cases of osteonecrosis based on gender in patients undergoing dentoalveolar surgery. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and trial sequential analysis was to identify and quantify whether there is a proportionally greater risk of MRONJ in male or female subjects and whether there is evidence of greater involvement of osteonecrosis at several extraction sites, differentiating them into mandibular or maxilla and in the anterior or posterior sector. The revision protocol followed the indications of the Cochrane Handbook, and were recorded in Prospero, while the drafting of the manuscript was based on PRISMA. The results of the systematic review, after the study identification and selection process, included a total of 24 studies. The results of the meta-analysis reports: odds ratio (random effects model): 1.476 (0.684, 3.184) between male and female; odds ratio (random effects model): 1.390 (0.801, 2.412) between mandible and maxillary, and an odds ratio value of 0.730 (0.250, 2.137) between the anterior and posterior extraction sites. In conclusion, we can see that there was a trend in the onset of MRONJ as a complication of dentoalveolar surgical procedures, which proportionally mostly involved the male sex and the posterior mandibular sectors, however, this trend must be further confirmed by additional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10127 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Garcovich
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Paseo de la Alameda 7, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Apollonia Caloro
- Unità Operativa Nefrologia e Dialisi, Presidio Ospedaliero Scorrano, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Lecce, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Wu M, Yan X, Zhang C, Luo Y, Yu J. Pulsatilla Saponins Inhibit Experimental Lung Metastasis of Melanoma via Targeting STAT6-Mediated M2 Macrophages Polarization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093682. [PMID: 37175092 PMCID: PMC10179893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatilla saponins (PS) extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, are a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In the previous study, we found Pulsatilla saponins displayed anti-tumor activity without side effects such as bone marrow suppression. However, the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect was not illustrated well. Since M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that required activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) for polarization are the important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in tumor progress and metastasis, this study aimed to confirm whether Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the development and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages. We investigated the relevance of M2 macrophage polarization and the anti-tumor effects of Pulsatilla saponins in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Pulsatilla saponins could decrease the mRNA level of M2 marker genes Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206, and the down-regulation effect of phosphorylated STAT6 induced by IL-4; moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) treated with Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells. In vivo, Pulsatilla saponins could reduce the number of lung metastasis loci, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker genes, and suppress the expression of phosphorylated STAT6 in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we used AS1517499 (AS), a STAT6 inhibitor, to verify the role of PS on M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo. We found that Pulsatilla saponins failed to further inhibit STAT6 activation; the mRNA level of Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206; and the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells after AS1517499 intervention in vitro. Similar results were obtained in vivo. These results illustrated that Pulsatilla saponins could effectively suppress tumor progress by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages via the STAT6 signaling pathway; this revealed a novel mechanism for its anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miaolin Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yingying Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Duro-Sánchez S, Alonso MR, Arribas J. Immunotherapies against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041069. [PMID: 36831412 PMCID: PMC9954045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. HER2-positive breast cancer, which represents 15-20% of all cases, is characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 receptor. Despite the variety of treatments available for HER2-positive breast cancer, both targeted and untargeted, many patients do not respond to therapy and relapse and eventually metastasize, with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic approaches aim to enhance the antitumor immune response to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Several immunotherapies have been approved for solid tumors, but their utility for HER2-positive breast cancer has yet to be confirmed. In this review, we examine the different immunotherapeutic strategies being tested in HER2-positive breast cancer, from long-studied cancer vaccines to immune checkpoint blockade, which targets immune checkpoints in both T cells and tumor cells, as well as the promising adoptive cell therapy in various forms. We discuss how some of these new approaches may contribute to the prevention of tumor progression and be used after standard-of-care therapies for resistant HER2-positive breast tumors, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each. We conclude that immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of HER2-positive tumors, with the potential to completely eradicate tumor cells and prevent the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Duro-Sánchez
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonçalves JPL, Bollwein C, Noske A, Jacob A, Jank P, Loibl S, Nekljudova V, Fasching PA, Karn T, Marmé F, Müller V, Schem C, Sinn BV, Stickeler E, van Mackelenbergh M, Schmitt WD, Denkert C, Weichert W, Schwamborn K. Characterization of Hormone Receptor and HER2 Status in Breast Cancer Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032860. [PMID: 36769215 PMCID: PMC9918176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status stratify the different subtypes of breast cancer and define the treatment course. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which does not register receptor overexpression, is often associated with worse patient prognosis. Mass spectrometry imaging transcribes the molecular content of tissue specimens without requiring additional tags or preliminary analysis of the samples, being therefore an excellent methodology for an unbiased determination of tissue constituents, in particular tumor markers. In this study, the proteomic content of 1191 human breast cancer samples was characterized by mass spectrometry imaging and the epithelial regions were employed to train and test machine-learning models to characterize the individual receptor status and to classify TNBC. The classification models presented yielded high accuracies for estrogen and progesterone receptors and over 95% accuracy for classification of TNBC. Analysis of the molecular features revealed that vimentin overexpression is associated with TNBC, supported by immunohistochemistry validation, revealing a new potential target for diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pereira Lopes Gonçalves
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Bollwein
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Jacob
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group (GBG), 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion van Mackelenbergh
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tong Y, Huang J, Ren W, Yu J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Hong J, Gao W, Wu J, Ji M, Shen K, Chen X. Association of tumor immune microenvironment profiling and 21-gene recurrence assay in early breast cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:293. [PMID: 36528658 PMCID: PMC9758791 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a vital role in breast cancer development, treatment resistance, and prognosis. This study evaluates the association of TIME profiling and 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in early Luminal breast cancer patients. METHODS ER+ /HER2-, pN0 breast cancer patients with available RS results who received surgery between January 2009 and December 2013 were enrolled. TIME markers, including stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD3, CD4, CD8, and tumor PD-L1 expression, were comprehensively analyzed. Association of TIME markers with RS, as well as their correlation with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were tested. RESULTS Overall, 385 patients were included, of whom 341 (88.6%) had TILs ≤10%. TIME markers were positively but moderately correlated with each other (Spearman r 0.28-0.53, all P < 0.05). Continuous RS showed a weak correlation with continuous TILs, CD3, CD8, and PD-L1. Regarding single gene mRNA level in the 21-gene RS panel, higher expression of TIME markers was related to lower ER group genes expression, but higher proliferation and invasion group genes level. After a median follow-up of 91.67 (range 5.03-134.03) months, TILs (P = 0.049) and PD-L1 (P = 0.034) were inversely associated with BCSS. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer TIME markers, including TILs, CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1, were correlated with 21-gene RS score. Lower expression of ER group genes, as well as higher expression of proliferation and invasion group genes were associated with a higher level of these TIME markers, warranting further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tong
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Weili Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shaoxing Shangyu People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, 312300 Zhejiang China
| | - Jing Yu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jin Hong
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Weiqi Gao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Min Ji
- grid.452587.9Department of Breast, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bansil S, Silva A, Taniguchi A, Wiedmer C, Fernandez M, Pagano I, Vierkoetter K, Killeen J, Fukui J. Racial/Ethnic Differences Among Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer Tumors. Oncologist 2022; 28:116-122. [PMID: 36495151 PMCID: PMC9907033 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as a predictor of breast cancer treatment response and patient outcomes. Current studies investigating racial/ethnic differences in TILs and immune profiles in breast cancer offer varying results. Our study provides some preliminary data in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment where there is a paucity of information, from Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) racial/ethnic groups, not well represented in the literature. METHODS We reviewed 183 cases of women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer who received neoadjuvant treatment at 2 large health systems in Hawaii between 2008 and 2020. We evaluated clinical and demographic information including: age at diagnosis, self-reported race/ethnicity, tumor stage, tumor subtype according to ER, PR, and HER2 receptor status, the amount of TILs and pathologic complete response (pCR). RESULTS We found a significantly greater amount of TILs in Asians (37.7%, P = .01) and NHPI (37.2%, P = .02) patients compared to White patients on multivariate analysis. We found no significant differences in pCR among the different racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic differences in the amount of TILs in breast cancer tumors may suggest differences in the breast tumor microenvironment. This may in part contribute to known outcome disparities in these populations and should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Bansil
- University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anthony Silva
- University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alana Taniguchi
- University of Hawai’i Pathology Residency Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christina Wiedmer
- University of Hawai’i Pathology Residency Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mayumi Fernandez
- University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Biology Department, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Killeen
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women & Children, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jami Fukui
- Corresponding author: Jami Fukui, MD, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villarreal-García V, Estupiñan-Jiménez JR, Vivas-Mejía PE, Gonzalez-Villasana V, Vázquez-Guillén JM, Reséndez-Pérez D. A vicious circle in breast cancer: The interplay between inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980694. [PMID: 36226048 PMCID: PMC9548555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This highly heterogeneous disease is molecularly stratified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2, triple-negative/basal-like, and normal-like subtypes. An important aspect in BC progression is the activation of inflammatory processes. The activation of CD8+/Th1, NK, and M1 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), leads to tumor destruction. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory response mediated by CD4+/Th2 and M2 TAMs will favor tumor progression. Inflammation also stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators like reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chronic inflammation, ROS activates oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. In cancer, ROS plays a dual role with anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic effects in cell signaling pathways that control proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are known to be involved in BC progression and inflammation, can be regulated by ROS. At the same time, miRNAs regulate the expression of genes modulating oxidative stress. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between inflammation, ROS, and miRNAs as anticancer and tumor promoter molecules in BC. A clear understanding of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of ROS production and inflammation, may lead to new opportunities for therapy in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villarreal-García
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Estupiñan-Jiménez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemestry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vianey Gonzalez-Villasana
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Vázquez-Guillén
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jurj A, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Braicu C. The extracellular matrix alteration, implication in modulation of drug resistance mechanism: friends or foes? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:276. [PMID: 36114508 PMCID: PMC9479349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple components of the ECM have been shown to be altered. Although most of these alterations are represented by the increased or decreased quantity of the ECM components, changes regarding the functional alteration of a particular ECM component or of the ECM as a whole have been described. These alterations can be induced by the cancer cells directly or by the TME cells, with cancer-associated fibroblasts being of particular interest in this regard. Because the ECM has this wide array of functions in the tumor, preclinical and clinical studies have assessed the possibility of targeting the ECM, with some of them showing encouraging results. In the present review, we will highlight the most relevant ECM components presenting a comprehensive description of their physical, cellular and molecular properties which can alter the therapy response of the tumor cells. Lastly, some evidences regarding important biological processes were discussed, offering a more detailed understanding of how to modulate altered signalling pathways and to counteract drug resistance mechanisms in tumor cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Han M, Li J, Wu S, Wu C, Yu Y, Liu Y. Comparison of the tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes in different breast cancers after neoadjuvant therapy. Cancer Med 2022; 12:2906-2917. [PMID: 36073303 PMCID: PMC9939127 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) treats early-stage breast cancers, especially triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). NAT improves pathological complete response (pCR) rates for different breast cancer patients. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in combination with NAT have shown antitumor activity in patients with early breast cancer. However, the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in different subtypes of breast cancers, like TNBC, hormone receptor-positive (HR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplified (HER2+) and its changes by NAT remain to be fully characterized. We analyzed pre-NAT tumor biopsies from TNBC (n = 27), HR+ (n = 24), and HER2+ (n = 30) breast cancer patients who received NAT, followed by surgery. The different immune makers (PD-1, PD-L1, CD3, and CD8) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were identified with immunofluorescence-based microenvironment analysis. TILs within cancer parenchyma (iTILs) and in cancer stroma (sTILs) were counted separately. We found that PD-L1+ cells in tumor and stroma were significantly higher in TNBC patients than in others. PD-L1+ sTILs were significantly higher in pCR than in non-pCR patients of all the subtypes. The infiltration scores of B-cell memory, T-cell CD4+ memory activated, T-cell follicular helper, and Macrophage M0 and M1 were relatively higher in TNBC patients, indicating immunoreactive TME in TNBC. Analysis of TCGA-BRCA RNA-seq indicated that PD-L1 was highly expressed in TNBC patients compared with HR+ and HER2+ patients. Higher PD-L1 expression in TNBC patients was associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS). Our results demonstrated that PD-L1 expression level of iTILs and sTILs is highest in TNBC among breast cancers. TNBC patients had significantly different immunoreactive TME compared with HR+ and HER2+ patients, suggesting potentially favorable outcomes for immunotherapy in these patients. Also, PD-L1+ could be a powerful predictor of pCR in TNBC patients after NAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Han
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Si Wu
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of PathologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Communications Is Time for Care: An Italian Monocentric Survey on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Risk Information as Part of Cervical Cancer Screening. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091387. [PMID: 36143172 PMCID: PMC9505682 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection could be considered a social disease, both for its high incidence, especially in younger subjects, and for the risk of neoplastic evolution linked to viral infection. Therefore, the National Health System, in collaboration with the state, must help women to understand the oncological risk of HPV and suitable methods of prevention. We conducted an Italian monocentric survey on HPV risk information as part of cervical cancer screening. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 200 women with high-risk positive HPV and low-grade cervical lesions during second-level cervical cancer screening at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit of the “San Paolo” Hospital. From this survey, the need to improve communication for patients has emerged, as currently it is not exhaustive. In response to this need, organizational changes have been implemented to centralize the moment of counseling in the second levels of screening and to improve the training of health workers in level I as well as family doctors. In addition, psychological support was also proposed to patients who requested it, as was the dissemination of material such as that produced by GISCI (Italian Cervico-Carcinoma Screening Group) and updated in May 2018, which provides 100 answers to questions on HPV in order to achieve effective and comprehensive communication. This investigation requires further development, and the expansion of this investigation to the multicenter level is already underway. Therefore, this survey will represent a cornerstone for further discussion on the topic considering the necessity of appropriate communication in the oncological context.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Landscape of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Feline Mammary Carcinoma: Pathological and Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162578. [PMID: 36010653 PMCID: PMC9406662 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) shares key molecular and clinicopathological features with human breast cancer. We have herein studied the inflammatory infiltrate of FMC in order to uncover potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers. To this end, the expression of different markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, FoxP3, CD68 and CD163) was analyzed in total, stromal (s) and intratumoral (i) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), in 73 feline mammary carcinomas. The results revealed that higher percentages of sCD8+ TILs were associated with longer disease-free survival (p = 0.05) and overall survival (p = 0.021). Additionally, higher percentages of iCD4+ TILs correlated with positive lymph node status (p = 0.003), whereas CD163+ TAMs were associated with undifferentiated tumors (p = 0.013). In addition, sCD3+ (p = 0.033), sCD8+ (p = 0.044) and sCD68+ (p = 0.023) immune cells were enriched in triple negative normal-like carcinomas compared to other subtypes. Altogether, our results suggest that specific subsets of immune cells may play a major role in clinical outcome of cats with mammary carcinoma, resembling what has been reported in human breast cancer. These data further support the relevance of the feline model in breast cancer studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dellino M, Cascardi E, Vinciguerra M, Lamanna B, Malvasi A, Scacco S, Acquaviva S, Pinto V, Di Vagno G, Cormio G, De Luca R, Lafranceschina M, Cazzato G, Ingravallo G, Maiorano E, Resta L, Daniele A, La Forgia D. Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169136. [PMID: 36012402 PMCID: PMC9409275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable people can suffer from mortal complications of COVID-19. Therefore, strengthening the immune system particularly in the most fragile people could help to protect them from infection. First, general nutritional status and food consumption patterns of everyone affect the effectiveness of each immune system. The effects of nutrition could impact the level of intestinal and genital microbiota, the adaptive immune system, and the innate immune system. Indeed, immune system cells and mediators, which are crucial to inflammatory reaction, are in the structures of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins and are activated through vitamins (vit) and minerals. Therefore, the association of malnutrition and infection could damage the immune response, reducing the immune cells and amplifying inflammatory mediators. Both amount and type of dietary fat impact on cytokine biology, that consequently assumes a crucial role in inflammatory disease. This review explores the power of nutrition in the immune response against COVID-19 infection, since a specific diet could modify the cytokine storm during the infection phase. This can be of vital importance in the most vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women or cancer patients to whom we have deemed it necessary to dedicate personalized indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dellino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “San Paolo” Hospital, 70123 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute, Str. Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Marina Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Lamanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Acquaviva
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Vagno
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “San Paolo” Hospital, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association between Cervical Microbiota and HPV: Could This Be the Key to Complete Cervical Cancer Eradication? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081114. [PMID: 35892970 PMCID: PMC9351688 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The microbiota can modulate immune responses and modify the physiology of the human organism, thereby increasing infective risks and a neoplastic predisposition. In this review, we focus on the composition of the cervical microbiota, to identify the risk of developing Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and better understand the interaction between cervico-vaginal microbiota and human papillomavirus as a means of promoting the identification of new therapeutic strategies. In fact, no therapy for HPV is yet available. A better understanding of the cervical micro-environment could be a key element allowing complete viral clearance to be achieved in largely affected populations. Abstract The heterogeneity of the cervico-vaginal microbiota can be appreciated in various conditions, both pathological and non-pathological, and can vary according to biological and environmental factors. Attempts are still in course to define the interaction and role of the various factors that constitute this community of commensals in immune protection, inflammatory processes, and the onset of precancerous lesions of the cervical epithelium. Despite the many studies on the relationship between microbiota, immunity, and HPV-related cervical tumors, further aspects still need to be probed. In this review article, we will examine the principal characteristics of microorganisms commonly found in cervico-vaginal specimens (i) the factors that notoriously condition the diversity and composition of microbiota, (ii) the role that some families of organisms may play in the onset of HPV-dysplastic lesions and in neoplastic progression, and (iii) possible diagnostic-therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
24
|
Timperi E, Gueguen P, Molgora M, Magagna I, Kieffer Y, Lopez-Lastra S, Sirven P, Baudrin LG, Baulande S, Nicolas A, Champenois G, Meseure D, Vincent-Salomon A, Tardivon A, Laas E, Soumelis V, Colonna M, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Amigorena S, Romano E. Lipid-associated macrophages are induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts and mediate immune suppression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3291-3306. [PMID: 35862581 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a detrimental role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In-depth analysis of TAM characteristics and interactions with stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), could provide important biological and therapeutic insights. Here we identify at the single-cell level a monocyte-derived-STAB1+TREM2high lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) subpopulation with immune suppressive capacities that is expanded in patients resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Genetic depletion of this LAM subset in mice suppressed TNBC tumor growth. Flow cytometry and bulk-RNA sequencing data demonstrated that co-culture with TNBC-derived CAFs led to reprogramming of blood monocytes towards immune suppressive STAB1+TREM2high LAMs, which inhibit T cell activation and proliferation. Cell-to-cell interaction modeling and assays in vitro demonstrated the role of the inflammatory CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in CAF-myeloid cell crosstalk and recruitment of monocytes in tumor sites. Altogether, these data suggest an inflammation model whereby monocytes recruited to the tumor via the CAF-driven CXCL12-CXCR4 axis acquire pro-tumorigenic LAM capacities to support an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Molgora
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Tardivon
- Institut Curie, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Enora Laas
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France, Paris, France, France
| | | | - Marco Colonna
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA, St Louis, United States
| | | | | | - Emanuela Romano
- Institut Curie, Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Berrino E, Miglio U, Bellomo SE, Debernardi C, Bragoni A, Petrelli A, Cascardi E, Giordano S, Montemurro F, Marchiò C, Venesio T, Sapino A. The Tumor-Specific Expression of L1 Retrotransposons Independently Correlates with Time to Relapse in Hormone-Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121944. [PMID: 35741073 PMCID: PMC9221920 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-Interspersed Nuclear Element (L1) retrotransposons are silenced in healthy tissues but unrepressed in cancer. Even if L1 reactivation has been associated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer (BC) patients, a comprehensive correlation with clinicopathological features is still missing. METHODS Using quantitative, reverse-transcription PCR, we assessed L1 mRNA expression in 12 BC cells, 210 BC patients and in 47 normal mammary tissues. L1 expression was then correlated with molecular and clinicopathological data. RESULTS We identified a tumor-exclusive expression of L1s, absent in normal mammary cells and tissues. A positive correlation between L1 expression and tumor dedifferentiation, lymph-node involvement and increased immune infiltration was detected. Molecular subtyping highlighted an enrichment of L1s in basal-like cells and cancers. By exploring disease-free survival, we identified L1 overexpression as an independent biomarker for patients with a high risk of recurrence in hormone-receptor-negative BCs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, L1 reactivation identified BCs with aggressive features and patients with a worse clinical fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Umberto Miglio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Sara Erika Bellomo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Debernardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alberto Bragoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Petrelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Montemurro
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9933547; Fax: +39-011-9933480
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.B.); (U.M.); (S.E.B.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Larsson AM, Nordström O, Johansson A, Rydén L, Leandersson K, Bergenfelz C. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Populations Correlate with Outcome in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1639. [PMID: 35626676 PMCID: PMC9139201 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tumor-associated immune cells hold prognostic and predictive value in various forms of malignancy. The role of systemic, circulating leukocytes is, however, not well-characterized. In this prospective and explorative study, we aim to delineate the clinical relevance of a broad panel of circulating immune cells in 32 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer (MBC) before the start of systemic treatment. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry and evaluated for potential associations to clinicopathological variables and patient outcome. We show that the levels of specific circulating leukocyte populations are associated with clinical parameters such as hormone receptor status, histological subtype, number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastatic burden. Importantly, high levels of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are significantly linked to improved overall survival (OS). In patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary tumors, high levels of circulating CTLs and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes were associated with improved OS, whereas in patients with ER-negative tumors low levels of circulating natural killer (NK) cells potentially associate with improved OS. We propose that the levels of specific circulating immune cell populations, such as CD8+ CTLs, may be used to predict clinical outcomes in MBC patients. Thus, larger studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Larsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.-M.L.); (A.J.); (L.R.)
| | - Olle Nordström
- Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Alexandra Johansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.-M.L.); (A.J.); (L.R.)
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.-M.L.); (A.J.); (L.R.)
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Caroline Bergenfelz
- Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tokareva AO, Starodubtseva NL, Chagovets VV, Rodionov VV, Kometova VV, Chingin KS, Frankevich VE. [Lipidomic markers of tumor progress in breast cancer patients]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:144-152. [PMID: 35485488 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research of cancer progression mechanisms and their impact on metabolism of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells is an important element in drug development for cancer target therapy. In this study, changes in tumor tissue and margin tissue lipid profiles, were associated with the following clinical and morphological characteristics: tumor size, cancer stage, multifocalite, tumor grade, number of lymph node metastasis, Nottingham prognostic index, total malignancy score, level of Ki67 protein. Lipid profiling was performed by reverse-phase chromato-mass spectrometry analysis of lipid tissue extract with lipid identification by characteristic fragments. In the lipid profile of tumor tissue 13 characteristic lipids were selected. Their levels significantly correlated with at least 5 clinical and morphological features. Eight of 13 belonged to phosphatidylcholines. In lipid profile of tumor microenviroment tissue 13 lipid features were selected. Their levels significantly correlated with at least 5 clinical and morphological features. Four of 13 belonged to oxidized lipids, 4 lipid features belonged to sphingomyelins, four of 13 belonged to phosphatidylethanolamines. The tumor microenvironment tissue lipid profile correlated with tumor size, cancer stage, tumor grade, number of axillary metastases, Nottingham prognostic index. The tumor tissue lipid profile correlated with tumor size, tumor grade, total malignant score, and number of axillary metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O Tokareva
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Starodubtseva
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia; 2V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Chagovets
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Rodionov
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kometova
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - V E Frankevich
- Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gene signatures in patients with early breast cancer and relapse despite pathologic complete response. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:42. [PMID: 35351903 PMCID: PMC8964729 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial minority of early breast cancer (EBC) patients relapse despite their tumors achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy. We compared gene expression (BC360; nCounter® platform; NanoString) between primary tumors of patients with post-pCR relapse (N = 14) with: (i) matched recurrent tumors from same patient (intraindividual analysis); and (ii) primary tumors from matched controls with pCR and no relapse (N = 41; interindividual analysis). Intraindividual analysis showed lower estrogen receptor signaling signature expression in recurrent tumors versus primaries (logFC = −0.595; P = 0.022). Recurrent tumors in patients with distant metastases also exhibited reduced expression of immune-related expression parameters. In interindividual analyses, primary tumor major histocompatibility complex class II expression was lower versus controls in patients with any relapse (logFC = −0.819; P = 0.030) or distant relapse (logFC = −1.151; P = 0.013). Primaries with later distant relapse also had greater homologous recombination deficiency than controls (logFC = 0.649; P = 0.026). Although no associations remained statistically significant following adjustment for false discovery rate, our results show that transcriptomic analyses have potential for prognostic value and may help in selecting optimal treatment regimens for EBC at risk of relapse and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Locy H, Verhulst S, Cools W, Waelput W, Brock S, Cras L, Schiettecatte A, Jonckheere J, van Grunsven LA, Vanhoeij M, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: A Proposal for Combining Immunohistochemistry and Gene Expression Analysis to Refine Scoring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794175. [PMID: 35222378 PMCID: PMC8876933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer specimens has gained increasing attention, as TILs have prognostic and predictive value in HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer. We evaluated the intra- and interrater variability when scoring TILs by visual inspection of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. We further addressed whether immunohistochemical staining of these sections for immune cell surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, and CD8 and combination with nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis could refine TIL scoring. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen core needle biopsies of 12 female and treatment-naive breast cancer patients were included. Scoring of TILs was performed twice by three independent pathologists with a washout period of 3 days. Increasing intra- and interrater variability was observed with higher TIL numbers. The highest reproducibility was observed on tissue sections stained for CD3 and CD8. The latter TIL scores correlated well with the TIL scores obtained through nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis. Gene expression analysis also revealed 104 and 62 genes that are positively and negatively related to both TIL scores. In conclusion, integration of immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis is a valuable strategy to refine TIL scoring in breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Locy
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
| | | | - Wilfried Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data processing and Statistics, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Brock
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Cras
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vicinanza C, Lombardi E, Da Ros F, Marangon M, Durante C, Mazzucato M, Agostini F. Modified mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy: A smart weapon requiring upgrades for wider clinical applications. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:54-75. [PMID: 35126828 PMCID: PMC8788179 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem stromal cells (MSC) are characterized by the intriguing capacity to home toward cancer cells after systemic administration. Thus, MSC can be harnessed as targeted delivery vehicles of cytotoxic agents against tumors. In cancer patients, MSC based advanced cellular therapies were shown to be safe but their clinical efficacy was limited. Indeed, the amount of systemically infused MSC actually homing to human cancer masses is insufficient to reduce tumor growth. Moreover, induction of an unequivocal anticancer cytotoxic phenotype in expanded MSC is necessary to achieve significant therapeutic efficacy. Ex vivo cell modifications are, thus, required to improve anti-cancer properties of MSC. MSC based cellular therapy products must be handled in compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. In the present review we include MSC-improving manipulation approaches that, even though actually tested at preclinical level, could be compatible with GMP guidelines. In particular, we describe possible approaches to improve MSC homing on cancer, including genetic engineering, membrane modification and cytokine priming. Similarly, we discuss appropriate modalities aimed at inducing a marked cytotoxic phenotype in expanded MSC by direct chemotherapeutic drug loading or by genetic methods. In conclusion, we suggest that, to configure MSC as a powerful weapon against cancer, combinations of clinical grade compatible modification protocols that are currently selected, should be introduced in the final product. Highly standardized cancer clinical trials are required to test the efficacy of ameliorated MSC based cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vicinanza
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lombardi
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Francesco Da Ros
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Miriam Marangon
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Almansour NM. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:836417. [PMID: 35145999 PMCID: PMC8824427 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.836417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of breast cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This cancer is responsible for more than 15-20% of all breast cancers and is of particular research interest as it is therapeutically challenging mainly because of its low response to therapeutics and highly invasive nature. The non-availability of specific treatment options for TNBC is usually managed by conventional therapy, which often leads to relapse. The focus of this review is to provide up-to-date information related to TNBC epidemiology, risk factors, metastasis, different signaling pathways, and the pathways that can be blocked, immune suppressive cells of the TNBC microenvironment, current and investigation therapies, prognosis, and the role of artificial intelligence in TNBC diagnosis. The data presented in this paper may be helpful for researchers working in the field to obtain general and particular information to advance the understanding of TNBC and provide suitable disease management in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Čelešnik H, Potočnik U. Peripheral Blood Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Patients as a Source of Less Invasive Immune Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine, and Implications for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:591. [PMID: 35158858 PMCID: PMC8833511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome studies of peripheral blood cells can advance our understanding of the systemic immune response to the presence of cancer and the mechanisms underlying cancer onset and progression. This enables the identification of novel minimally invasive immune biomarkers for early cancer detection and personalized cancer management and may bring forward new immunotherapy options. Recent blood gene expression analyses in breast cancer (BC) identified distinct patient subtypes that differed in the immune reaction to cancer and were distinct from the clinical BC subtypes, which are categorized based on expression of specific receptors on tumor cells. Introducing new BC subtypes based on peripheral blood gene expression profiles may be appropriate, since it may assist in BC prognosis, the identification of patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy, and treatment efficacy monitoring. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous, and difficult-to-treat disease, and identification of novel biomarkers for this BC is crucial for clinical decision-making. A few studies have reported TNBC-enriched blood transcriptional signatures, mostly related to strong inflammation and augmentation of altered immune signaling, that can differentiate TNBC from other classical BC subtypes and facilitate diagnosis. Future research is geared toward transitioning from expression signatures in unfractionated blood cells to those in immune cell subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Čelešnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fan Y, He S. The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1-17. [PMID: 35018117 PMCID: PMC8740624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of breast cancers with high intrinsic heterogeneity. Its unique immune microenvironment, including high expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a dual role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of TNBC. Understanding the TNBC microenvironment is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of TNBC. In this article, we describe the composition and function of immune cells in the TNBC microenvironment and summarize the major cytokine growth factors and chemokines in the TNBC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the progress of TNBC, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Perrone M, Talarico G, Chiodoni C, Sangaletti S. Impact of Immune Cell Heterogeneity on HER2+ Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6352. [PMID: 34944971 PMCID: PMC8699132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity among and within tumors, and in relation to its different tumor microenvironment. Compared to other oncotypes, such as melanoma or lung cancer, breast cancer is considered a "cold" tumor, characterized by low T lymphocyte infiltration and low tumor mutational burden. However, more recent evidence argues against this idea and indicates that, at least for specific molecular breast cancer subtypes, the immune infiltrate may be clinically relevant and heterogeneous, with significant variations in its stromal cell/protein composition across patients and tumor stages. High numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells are most frequent in HER2-positive and basal-like molecular subtypes and are generally associated with a good prognosis and response to therapies. However, effector immune infiltrates show protective immunity in some cancers but not in others. This could depend on one or more immunosuppressive mechanisms acting alone or in concert. Some of them might include, in addition to immune cells, other tumor microenvironment determinants such as the extracellular matrix composition and stiffness as well as stromal cells, like fibroblasts and adipocytes, that may prevent cytotoxic T cells from infiltrating the tumor microenvironment or may inactivate their antitumor functions. This review will summarize the state of the different immune tumor microenvironment determinants affecting HER2+ breast tumor progression, their response to treatment, and how they are modified by different therapeutic approaches. Potential targets within the immune tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
D’Andrea MR, Cereda V, Coppola L, Giordano G, Remo A, De Santis E. Propensity for Early Metastatic Spread in Breast Cancer: Role of Tumor Vascularization Features and Tumor Immune Infiltrate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235917. [PMID: 34885027 PMCID: PMC8657227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes. It is classified into human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2)-enriched, luminal A, luminal B and basal-like/triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer, based on histological and molecular features. At present, clinical decision-making in breast cancer is focused only on the assessment of tumor cells; nevertheless, it has been recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical biologic role in breast cancer. This is constituted by a large group of immune and non-immune cells, but also by non-cellular components, such as several cytokines. TME is deeply involved in angiogenesis, immune-evasion strategies, and propensity for early metastatic spread, impacting on prognosis and prediction of response to specific treatments. In this review, we focused our attention on the early morphological changes of tumor microenvironment (tumor vasculature features, presence of immune and non-immune cells infiltrating the stroma, levels of cytokines) during breast cancer development. At the same time, we correlate these characteristics with early metastatic propensity (defined as synchronous metastasis or early recurrence) with particular attention to breast cancer subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rosario D’Andrea
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittore Cereda
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-6659-1230
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Unit of Anatomy, Pathological Histology and Diagnostic Cytology, Department of Diagnostic and Pharma-Ceutical Services, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, ULSS9, Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Comparison of the tumor immune microenvironment of primary hormone receptor-negative HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:128. [PMID: 34556657 PMCID: PMC8460670 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of studies investigating immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in patients with breast cancer have focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we compared the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) between TNBC and hormone receptor-negative HER2-positive breast cancer based on a selection of immune markers at the protein level in an institutional retrospective series. Additionally, we performed a similar comparison using publicly available transcriptomics data. Altogether, the results show a comparable TIME in both groups, with possible implications for the use of ICI in patients with hormone receptor-negative HER2-positive breast tumors.
Collapse
|
37
|
DFT calculations of electronic structure evaluation and intermolecular interactions of p53-derived peptides with cytotoxic effect on breast cancer. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang S. Prognostic and immunological value of ATP6AP1 in breast cancer: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16904-16921. [PMID: 34228637 PMCID: PMC8312471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal ATPase H+ Transporting Accessory Protein 1 (ATP6AP1) expression may promote carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of ATP6AP1 with breast cancer (BC) and COVID-19. The Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were used to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of ATP6AP1 in BC. ATP6AP1 was upregulated in BC tissues, and higher ATP6AP1 expression was associated with poorer outcomes. Data from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, Tumor-Immune System Interaction Database and Kaplan-Meier plotter indicated that ATP6AP1 expression correlated with immune infiltration, and that its prognostic effects in BC depended on tumor-infiltrating immune cell subtype levels. Multiple databases were used to evaluate the association of ATP6AP1 with clinicopathological factors, assess the mutation and methylation of ATP6AP1, and analyze gene co-expression and enrichment. The ATP6AP1 promoter was hypomethylated in BC tissues and differentially methylated between different disease stages and subtypes. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus indicated that ATP6AP1 levels in certain cell types were reduced after SARS-CoV-2 infections. Ultimately, higher ATP6AP1 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis and with higher or lower infiltration of particular immune cells in BC. BC patients may be particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections, which may alter their prognoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yunjiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Luminal Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis in the Neoadjuvant Setting. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071685. [PMID: 34359855 PMCID: PMC8303552 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a promising predictive and prognostic factor in breast cancer. We investigated its ability to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with luminal A- or luminal B-HER2-negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Pre-treatment complete blood cell counts from 168 consecutive patients with luminal breast cancer were evaluated to assess NLR. The study population was stratified into NLRlow or NLRhigh according to a cut-off value established by receiving operator curve (ROC) analysis. Data on additional pre- and post-treatment clinical-pathological characteristics were also collected. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analyses. Patients with pre-treatment NLRlow showed a significantly shorter DFS (HR: 6.97, 95% CI: 1.65–10.55, p = 0.002) and OS (HR: 7.79, 95% CI: 1.25–15.07, p = 0.021) compared to those with NLRhigh. Non-ductal histology, luminal B subtype, and post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% were also associated with worse DFS (p = 0.016, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, luminal B subtype, post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14%, and NLRlow remained independent prognostic factors for DFS, while only post-treatment Ki67 ≥ 14% and NLRlow affected OS. The present study provides evidence that pre-treatment NLRlow helps identify women at higher risk of recurrence and death among patients affected by luminal breast cancer treated with NACT.
Collapse
|
40
|
Eiro N, Fraile M, Fernández-Francos S, Sánchez R, Costa LA, Vizoso FJ. Importance of the origin of mesenchymal (stem) stromal cells in cancer biology: "alliance" or "war" in intercellular signals. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 34112253 PMCID: PMC8194017 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a central role in the intercellular signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), exchanging signals with cancer cells and tumor stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and inflammatory mononuclear cells. Research attributes both pro-tumor and anti-tumor actions to MSCs; however, evidence indicates that MSCs specific effect on the tumor depends on the source of the MSCs and the type of tumor. There are consistent data proving that MSCs from reproductive tissues, such as the uterus, umbilical cord or placenta, have potent anti-tumor effects and tropism towards tumor tissues. More interestingly, products derived from MSCs, such as secretome or extracellular vesicles, seem to reproduce the effects of their parental cells, showing a potential advantage for clinical treatments by avoiding the drawbacks associated with cell therapy. Given these perspectives, it appears necessary new research to optimize the production, safety and antitumor potency of the products derived from the MSCs suitable for oncological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Maria Fraile
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Francos
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis A Costa
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain. .,Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Overcoming the Challenges of High Quality RNA Extraction from Core Needle Biopsy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050621. [PMID: 33922016 PMCID: PMC8143498 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of gene expression profiling (GEP) in cancer management is rising, as GEP can be used for disease classification and diagnosis, tailoring treatment to underlying genetic determinants of pharmacological response, monitoring of therapy response, and prognosis. However, the reliability of GEP heavily depends on the input of RNA in sufficient quantity and quality. This highlights the need for standard procedures to ensure best practices for RNA extraction from often small tumor biopsies with variable tissue handling. We optimized an RNA extraction protocol from fresh-frozen (FF) core needle biopsies (CNB) from breast cancer patients and from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue when FF CNB did not yield sufficient RNA. Methods to avoid ribonucleases andto homogenize or to deparaffinize tissues and the impact of tissue composition on RNA extraction were studied. Additionally, RNA’s compatibility with the nanoString nCounter® technology was studied. This technology platform enables GEP using small RNA fragments. After optimization of the protocol, RNA of high quality and sufficient quantity was obtained from FF CNB in 92% of samples. For the remaining 8% of cases, FFPE material prepared by the pathology department was used for RNA extraction. Both resulting RNA end products are compatible with the nanoString nCounter® technology.
Collapse
|
42
|
Seban RD, Rouzier R, Latouche A, Deleval N, Guinebretiere JM, Buvat I, Bidard FC, Champion L. Total metabolic tumor volume and spleen metabolism on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT as independent prognostic biomarkers of recurrence in resected breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3560-3570. [PMID: 33774685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether biomarkers on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT are associated with recurrence after surgery in patients with invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST). METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, we included consecutive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer of NST who underwent [18F]-FDG PET/CT before treatment, including surgery, between 2011 and 2016. Clinicopathological data were collected. Tumor SUVmax, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and spleen- and bone marrow-to-liver SUVmax ratios (SLR, BLR) were measured from the PET images. Cut-off values were determined using predictiveness curves to predict 5-year recurrence-free survival (5y-RFS). A multivariable prediction model was developed using Cox regression. The association with stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) levels (low if <50%) was studied by logistic regression. RESULTS Three hundred and three women were eligible, including 93 (31%) with triple-negative breast carcinoma. After a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 56 and 35 patients experienced recurrence and death, respectively. The 5y-RFS rate was 86%. In multivariable analyses, high TMTV (>20 cm3) and high SLR (>0.76) were associated with shorter 5y-RFS (HR 2.4, 95%CI 1.3-4.5, and HR 1.9, 95%CI 1.0-3.6). In logistic regression, high SLR was the only independent factor associated with low stromal TILs (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.4-5.7). CONCLUSION High total metabolic tumor volume and high spleen glucose metabolism on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT were associated with poor 5y-RFS after surgical resection in patients with breast cancer of NST. Spleen metabolism was inversely correlated with stromal TILs and might be a surrogate for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France. .,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris &, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Aurelien Latouche
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deleval
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | | | - Irene Buvat
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris &, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SiRIC, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Champion
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Inhibition of interferon-signalling halts cancer-associated fibroblast-dependent protection of breast cancer cells from chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1110-1120. [PMID: 33398063 PMCID: PMC7960738 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have poor prognoses despite aggressive treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent in tumour stroma. Our hypothesis was that CAFs modulate chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS TNBC cells and breast fibroblasts were cultured; survival after chemotherapeutics was assessed using luciferase or clonogenic assays. Signalling was investigated using transcriptomics, reporters, recombinant proteins and blocking antibodies. Clinical relevance was investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Breast CAFs dose-dependently protected TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157, but not MDA-MB-468s, from chemotherapy. CAF-induced protection was associated with interferon (IFN) activation. CAFs were induced to express IFNβ1 by chemotherapy and TNBC co-culture, leading to paracrine activation in cancer cells. Recombinant IFNs were sufficient to protect MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 but not MDA-MB-468 cells. In TNBC patients, IFNβ1 expression in CAFs correlated with cancer cell expression of MX1, a marker of activated IFN signalling. High expression of IFNβ1 (CAFs) or MX1 (tumour cells) correlated with reduced survival after chemotherapy, especially in claudin-low tumours (which MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells represent). Antibodies that block IFN receptors reduced CAF-dependent chemoprotection. CONCLUSIONS CAF-induced activation of IFN signalling in claudin-low TNBCs results in chemoresistance. Inhibition of this pathway represents a novel method to improve breast cancer outcomes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dellino M, Gargano G, Tinelli R, Carriero C, Minoia C, Tetania S, Silvestris E, Loizzi V, Paradiso A, Casamassima P, Tufaro A, Cormio G, Garrisi VM. A strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): Are HE4 and CA 125 suitable to detect a Paget disease of the vulva? Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24485. [PMID: 33592901 PMCID: PMC7870238 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Paget disease is a complex disorder that can be identified in the breast (mammary Paget disease) or in other locations (extramammary Paget's disease) such as ano-genital skin (Paget disease of the vulva -PVD). This condition is associated with low mortality, but a late diagnosis and recurrence can negatively impact the prognosis. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate if the human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen125 (CA125) can promote recognition of PVD in early stages and during the relapses.we have conducted a prospective, observational and laboratory-based study, that included 50 patients, whose 25 healthy women represented the control group and 25 PVD patients, which have been operated in our Oncology Institute, from May 2017 to September 2019. Both in the control group and in PVD patients, the CA-125 and HE4 were evaluated before surgery and after 6 months. Finally, a comparison of markers serum level, both between before/after surgery and with control group, and a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve were performed.Dosing the markers in PVD patients, 3/25 (12%) showed a higher value of CA125 and 11/25 (44%) an increased HE4. In addition, after surgical treatment there were no statistically significant difference between levels of CA-125 (P = .3) and HE4 (P = .19). On the other hand, comparing HE4 in PVD patients with the control group, a statistically significant difference was found (P-value = .0036). Contrary, comparing CA-125 in PVD patients with the control group (P-value= .1969), no statistically significant difference was evidenced. Moreover, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve showed low sensitivity and specificity for CA125 with area under curve (AUC) = 0.5608. Instead, the ROC curve of HE4 revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 88% respectively (AUC = 0.7408) using a cut-off at 90 pmol/L.Despite the limited cases, our data showed that CA125 is not a sensitive marker for PVD. On the other hand, in 44% of PVD we've seen an increase in HE4. So, this could be a starting point for further research that could confirm the possibility to use this marker in order to support PVD early identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dellino
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari
| | - Giulio Gargano
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari
| | - Raffele Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Valle d’Itria” Hospital, Martina Franca, Taranto
| | - Carmine Carriero
- Department Interdisciplinary Medicine, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
| | - Carla Minoia
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari
| | - Skrypets Tetania
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, viale O. Flacco 65, Bari, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | | | | | - Antonio Tufaro
- Istitutional Biobank, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tang WJ, Jin Z, Zhang YL, Liang YS, Cheng ZX, Chen LX, Liang YY, Wei XH, Kong QC, Guo Y, Jiang XQ. Whole-Lesion Histogram Analysis of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker for Assessing the Level of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Value in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:611571. [PMID: 33489920 PMCID: PMC7820903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.611571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics can be used to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels in breast cancer, particularly in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods In total, 114 patients with breast cancer met the inclusion criteria (mean age: 52 years; range: 29–85 years) and underwent multi-parametric breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patients were imaged by diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI (1.5 T) using a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. Two readers independently drew a region of interest (ROI) on the ADC maps of the whole tumor. The mean ADC and histogram parameters (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of ADC, skewness, entropy, and kurtosis) were used as features to analyze associations with the TIL levels in breast cancer. Additionally, the correlation between the ADC values and Ki-67 expression were analyzed. Continuous variables were compared with Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test if the variables were not normally distributed. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Associations between TIL levels and imaging features were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results A statistically significant difference existed in the 10th and 25th percentile ADC values between the low and high TIL groups in breast cancer (P=0.012 and 0.027). For the luminal subtype of breast cancer, the 10th percentile ADC value was significantly lower in the low TIL group (P=0.041); for the non-luminal subtype of breast cancer, the kurtosis was significantly lower in the low TIL group (P=0.023). The Ki-67 index showed statistical significance for evaluating the TIL levels in breast cancer (P=0.007). Additionally, the skewness was significantly higher for samples with high Ki-67 levels in breast cancer (P=0.029). Conclusions Our findings suggest that whole-lesion ADC histogram parameters can be used as surrogate biomarkers to evaluate TIL levels in molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Tang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Shi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Cong Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wu J, Zhang H, Li X, Zheng Z, Luo M, Li L, Xiang Y, Yang F, Wu L. Long Non-Coding RNA A2M-AS1 Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Sponging microRNA-146b to Upregulate MUC19. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1305-1316. [PMID: 33273850 PMCID: PMC7708314 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s278564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) A2M-AS1 has been indicated to be augmented in breast cancer (BC), with its specific function undetermined. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA A2M-AS1 in BC. Methods The expression of A2M-AS1, microRNA (miR)-146b, and MUC19 in BC tissues and cells was measured. Then, the interaction among A2M-AS1, miR-146b, and MUC19 was detected. After A2M-AS1, miR-146b, and MUC19 expression were altered in BC cells, cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected, and the protein levels of Hippo-related proteins (YAP and p-YAP) were evaluated. Tumor growth assay was also performed to validate the effects of A2M-AS1 and miR-146b in vivo. Results A2M-AS1 and MUC19 were highly expressed in BC, while miR-146b was poorly expressed. A2M-AS1 acts as a molecular sponge for miR-146b, which targeted and negatively modulated MUC19. A2M-AS1 accelerated BC cell proliferation, invasion, and colony formation and suppressed apoptosis via the miR-146b/MUC19/Hippo axis, which was confirmed in vivo. Conclusion Taken above together, an oncogenic role for A2M-AS1 in BC was elicited by acting as a miR-146b sponge to promote MUC19 expression. The findings will present some cues for a further approach to BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Yang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|