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López-Gil JF, Ezzatvar Y, Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Galan-Lopez P, Royo JMP, Gaya AR, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Martín-Calvo N. Is family meal frequency associated with obesity in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study including 155 451 participants from 43 countries. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13124. [PMID: 38798042 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tried to examine the association between the frequency of family meals and excess weight using large and representative samples of children and adolescents from 43 countries. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), which included nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years, involving a total of 155 451 participants (mean age = 13.6 years; standard deviation [SD] = 1.6; 51.4% girls). Family meal frequency was gauged through the following question: 'How frequently do you and your family typically share meals?' The possible responses were: 'never', 'less often', 'approximately once a week', 'most days' and 'every day'. The body weight and height of the participants were self-reported and utilized to calculate body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, BMI z-scores were computed based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and the prevalence of excess weight was defined as +1.31 SD for boys and + 1.24 SD for girls, with obesity defined as +2.29 SD for boys and + 2.19 SD for girls. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the associations between the frequency of family meals and excess weight or obesity. RESULTS The lowest predicted probabilities of having excess weight and obesity were observed for those participants who had family meals every day (excess weight: 34.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.4%-37.5%; obesity: 10.8%, 95% CI 9.0%-13.0%). CONCLUSIONS A higher frequency of family meals is associated with lower odds of having excess weight and obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Polytechnic Institute Of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
- Health Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Lim H, Lee H. Eating Habits and Lifestyle Factors Related to Childhood Obesity Among Children Aged 5-6 Years: Cluster Analysis of Panel Survey Data in Korea. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51581. [PMID: 38578687 PMCID: PMC11031700 DOI: 10.2196/51581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has emerged as a major health issue due to the rapid growth in the prevalence of obesity among young children worldwide. Establishing healthy eating habits and lifestyles in early childhood may help children gain appropriate weight and further improve their health outcomes later in life. OBJECTIVE This study aims to classify clusters of young children according to their eating habits and identify the features of each cluster as they relate to childhood obesity. METHODS A total of 1280 children were selected from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Data on their eating habits (eating speed, mealtime regularity, consistency of food amount, and balanced eating), sleep hours per day, outdoor activity hours per day, and BMI were obtained. We performed a cluster analysis on the children's eating habits using k-means methods. We conducted ANOVA and chi-square analyses to identify differences in the children's BMI, sleep hours, physical activity, and the characteristics of their parents and family by cluster. RESULTS At both ages (ages 5 and 6 years), we identified 4 clusters based on the children's eating habits. Cluster 1 was characterized by a fast eating speed (fast eaters); cluster 2 by a slow eating speed (slow eaters); cluster 3 by irregular eating habits (poor eaters); and cluster 4 by a balanced diet, regular mealtimes, and consistent food amounts (healthy eaters). Slow eaters tended to have the lowest BMI (P<.001), and a low proportion had overweight and obesity at the age of 5 years (P=.03) and 1 year later (P=.005). There was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.01) and mother's education level (P=.03) at the age of 5 years. Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.03) and the father's education level (P=.02) at the age of 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to establish healthy eating habits in early childhood may contribute to the prevention of obesity in children. Specifically, providing dietary guidance on a child's eating speed can help prevent childhood obesity. This research suggests that lifestyle modification could be a viable target to decrease the risk of childhood obesity and promote the development of healthy children. Additionally, we propose that future studies examine long-term changes in obesity resulting from lifestyle modifications in children from families with low educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemoon Lim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lovan P, Saez-Clarke E, Graefe B, Messiah SE, Prado G. Parent childhood experiences, parenting strategies, and youth health-related outcomes in Hispanic families with unhealthy weight: An intergenerational study. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101870. [PMID: 38460202 PMCID: PMC11144088 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine whether (a) parents' childhood family mealtime experiences (CFM) (e.g., mealtime communication-based stress) and parents' socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., education level) predict parents' health-related parenting strategies (e.g., discipline), (b) health-related parenting strategies for eating and physical activity predict youth's health-related outcomes (e.g., dietary intake), (c) parenting strategies mediate the relationship between CFM and youth outcomes. A path model was used to examine the above-mentioned relationships. Data were obtained from the baseline assessment of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a family-based intervention to promote quality diet and increase physical activity. Participants were 280 Hispanic youth (52.1 % female, Mage = 13.01 ± 0.83) with unhealthy weight (MBody Mass Index %tile = 94.55 ± 4.15) and their parents (88.2 % female, Mage = 41.87 ± 6.49). Results indicated that childhood mealtime communication-based stress and mealtime structure were positively associated with control. Appearance weight control was positively associated with monitoring, discipline, limit-setting, and reinforcement. Parental mealtime control had positive associations with discipline, control, and limit-setting. Emphasis on mother's weight was positively associated with reinforcement. We also found positive associations between parental monitoring and youth's physical QOL and between parental discipline and fruits and vegetables intake. No mediating effect was found. Findings demonstrated significant effects of parents' childhood experience on parenting strategies, which in turn was associated with the youths' health-related outcomes. These results suggest the intergenerational effects of parent's childhood experience on their youth's health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Lovan
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Estefany Saez-Clarke
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Beck Graefe
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, United States; Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, United States; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Guillermo Prado
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States.
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Wang L, Liu W, Bi S, Zhou L, Li L. Association between minerals intake and childhood obesity: A cross-sectional study of the NHANES database in 2007-2014. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295765. [PMID: 38150411 PMCID: PMC10752540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of minerals in obesity received increasing attention recently due to its oxidant or antioxidant functions and effects on insulin and glucose metabolism that may be associated with obesity. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between minerals and obesity and body mass index (BMI) in children with different ages, and hope to provide some references for prevention and management in children with high-risk of obesity. METHODS Data of children aged 2-17 years old were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in 2007-2014 in this cross-sectional study. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression and liner regression analyses were used to screen covariates, and explore the association between minerals [including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and selenium (Se)] and childhood obesity and BMI. The evaluation indexes were β, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). These relationships were also investigated in age subgroups. RESULTS Among 10,450 eligible children, 1,988 (19.02%) had obesity. After adjusting for covariates, we found the highest quartile of dietary Fe [OR = 0.74, 95%CI: (0.58, 0.95)] and Zn [OR = 0.70, 95%CI: (0.54, 0.92)] intakes were associated with low odds of childhood obesity, while that of dietary Na intake seemed to be positively linked to childhood obesity [OR = 1.35, 95%CI: (1.05, 1.74)]. High dietary intakes of Ca, Na and K were positively associated with children's BMI, on the contrary, dietary Fe and Zn consumptions had a negative one (all P<0.05). Additionally, these associations were also found in children with different age (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary Fe and Zn intakes played positive roles in reducing childhood obesity or BMI, while the intakes of Na should be controlled suitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Bi
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Hasbani EC, Félix PV, Sauan PK, Maximino P, Machado RHV, Ferrari G, Fisberg M. How parents' feeding styles, attitudes, and multifactorial aspects are associated with feeding difficulties in children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:543. [PMID: 37898797 PMCID: PMC10612164 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental complaints about feeding difficulties (FD) during childhood are frequent in pediatrics. Behavioral factors about children's feeding and parental aspects are fundamental in solving these problems, but research in this area lacks information considering the joint presence of fathers and mothers. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the features of children, parents and mealtime practices related to FD reported by fathers and mothers and to identify parenting styles, mealtime actions, practices and factors associated with FD in children. METHODS 323 parents (226 mothers and 97 fathers) of children aged 1 to 7 years were recruited in the emergency waiting room at Sabará Hospital Infantil, in São Paulo, Brazil, and self-completed electronic questionnaires on parenting style (Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire), parents' mealtime actions (Parent Mealtime Action Scale), socioeconomic information, personal and children's health data and routine meal practices. RESULTS The prevalence of FD in children was 26.6%. Indulgent parenting style was the most frequent (44.2%), followed by authoritarian (25.1%), authoritative (23.8%), and uninvolved (6.9%) styles. Most parents (75.8%) reported presence during meals, and 83.6% used distractions. Regression analyses after adjustments showed, as factors associated with FD, female children (OR: 2.06; 95%CI: 1.19-3.58), parents' FD history (OR: 3.16; 95%CI: 1.77-5.64), and greater frequency of parents' behavior of offering many food options (OR: 2.69; 95%CI: 1.18-6.14). Parents with indulgent styles had decreased chances of reporting FD in their children (OR: 0.13; 95%CI: 0.06-0.27). Furthermore, the practice of children sharing the family menu (OR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.18-0.99) and higher frequency of parents' behavior of setting snack limits (OR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.23-0.85) were inversely associated with FD. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces the multifactorial aspects involved in the feeding difficulties context. It points out the importance of expanding knowledge of the individual role of fathers and mothers to compose a scenario that can guide future studies and interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION CAAE #99221318.1.0000.5567 with registration number 2,961,598.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Czarny Hasbani
- Sciences Applied to Pediatrics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 598, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Victória Félix
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Kawai Sauan
- Consulting and Training, Rua José Maria Lisboa, 586, São Paulo, 01423-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maximino
- CENDA (Excellency Center for Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties), Instituto PENSI-Jose Luiz E. Setubal Foundation, Av Angelica 2071, CEP 01227-200, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Sciences Applied to Pediatrics Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 598, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- CENDA (Excellency Center for Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties), Instituto PENSI-Jose Luiz E. Setubal Foundation, Av Angelica 2071, CEP 01227-200, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim SH, Park MJ, Park SK. Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and childhood obesity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19335. [PMID: 37674840 PMCID: PMC10477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing literature provides limited information on the association between childhood obesity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are potentially obesogenic. We examined the association between urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites and obesity in the Korean pediatric population. Methods We analyzed the data of 2286 children/adolescents aged 3-17 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey between 2015 and 2017. Urinary concentrations of 2-naphthol, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were assayed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) for age ≥85th percentile. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship of BMI z-score and overweight with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites after adjusting for age, sex, household income, parental education level, physical activity, fast-food consumption, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Results BMI z-score was positively associated with 2-naphthol concentrations in children aged 6-11 and 12-17 years and with 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in children aged 6-11 years. In the overall population, a significant rise in odds ratios for overweight/obesity across 2-naphthol quartiles was noted. Specifically, the 3rd and 4th quartiles displayed odds ratios of 1.39 [1.03, 1.88] and 1.46 [1.08, 1.99] respectively, compared to the 1st quartile (P-for-trend = 0.006). Similar associations between 2-naphthol and overweight/obesity status were observed in the 6-11- and 12-17-year age groups. There was little evidence of an association between overweight/obesity and other PAH hydroxy derivatives. Conclusions PAH exposure may be associated with increased childhood adiposity, a potential risk factor for adult obesity and adverse metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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López-Morago C, Domínguez-Riscart J, García-Zarzuela A, Lechuga-Sancho AM. Impact of Parental Food Choices on Nutritional and Metabolic Status of Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101969. [PMID: 37238787 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents play a key role in what their children eat. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) has been used elsewhere to assess the dietary motivations of parents of healthy children, but not for parents of children with chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of our research was to evaluate the associations between parental food choice motivations and the nutritional status and glycemic control of children with T1D. A cross-sectional observational study of children aged 5 to 16 years with T1D attending the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Puerta del Mar University Hospital in Cádiz (Spain) was performed. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data, including glycated hemoglobin, were collected. The FCQ in Spanish was conducted to assess the eating behaviors of the main caregivers of children with T1D. Significance was established at the level of p-value < 0.05. In total, 85 children with T1D (female 56.5%, age 12.07 ± 2.93 years, HbA1c 7.29 ± 0.77%) were recruited. Of these children, 31.3% showed HbA1c levels of <7.0% and 44.9% had a TIR >70%. A significant positive correlation was found between Hb1Ac and "familiarity" (R: +0.233). Anthropometric measures (weight, BMI, skinfolds and body circumferences) showed significant positive correlations with "sensory appeal" and "price". Parents' eating behaviors influence the nutritional status of their children with T1D and their glycemic control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Morago
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBiCA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Domínguez-Riscart
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBiCA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana García-Zarzuela
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBiCA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso María Lechuga-Sancho
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INIBiCA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Mother and Child Health and Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cadiz University, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
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Marcotrigiano V, Stingi GD, Nugnes PT, Mancano S, Lagreca VM, Tarricone T, Salerno G, Pasquale P, Marchet P, Sava GA, Citiulo A, Tissi M, Oliva S, Cinquetti S, Napoli C. Collective Catering Activities and Official Controls: Dietary Promotion, Sustainability and Future Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091347. [PMID: 37174889 PMCID: PMC10178468 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring safe meals with suitable hygienic-sanitary and nutritional features is an essential requirement to guarantee health in different settings. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of collective catering menus adopted in both school canteens and healthcare facilities in a regional area where specific guidelines have been issued, assessing many matters from food weight to single courses and from the use of wholegrain pasta and bread to the rotation of seasonal fruit and vegetables. Overall, 85 menus, edited by freelance professionals and endorsed by the Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service staff of the Local Health Authority, were assessed from 2018 to 2022, highlighting critical issues potentially attributable at a local level to the lack of complete knowledge of the existence of guidelines and official reference documents among nutrition professionals. Since the preliminary outcomes show non-compliance in both sectors investigated, it is essential to continue to strengthen the role of prevention departments entrusted with services dedicated to food and nutritional safety and promote joint official controls performed by healthcare workers and other professionals with different backgrounds in order to ensure safe food for the target population that use collective catering services. In school canteens and healthcare facilities, providing and administering food is an opportunity to promote health through a balanced diet and safe food and offers opportunities for the development of community well-being and the local economy in a sustainable manner, understood in economic, environmental and social terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Marcotrigiano
- Prevention Department, Local Health Authority BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy
| | | | - Prudenza Tiziana Nugnes
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mancano
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy
| | - Vita Maria Lagreca
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy
| | - Teresa Tarricone
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs "NESMOS", Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Pasquale
- Apulia Region, Health and Wellness Promotion Section, Food Hygiene and Preventive Nutrition Organizational Structure, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Marchet
- Prevention Department, Local Health Authority "AULSS 1 Dolomiti", 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - Giovanni Andrea Sava
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority "AULSS 1 Dolomiti", 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Citiulo
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority "AULSS 1 Dolomiti", 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - Monica Tissi
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority "AULSS 1 Dolomiti", 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - Stefania Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Prevention Department, Local Health Authority "AULSS 1 Dolomiti", 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Marcos-Pasero H, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Colmenarejo G, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Loria-Kohen V. Dietary and Physical Activity Habits as Conditioning Factors of Nutritional Status among Children of GENYAL Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:866. [PMID: 36613186 PMCID: PMC9819712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excess weight (EW) in children has become a severe public health problem. The present study aimed to describe the main lifestyle characteristics and their possible association with nutritional status in a group of schoolchildren enrolled in the GENYAL study, where 221 children in the first or second grade of primary education (6-9 years old) were included. Anthropometric (BMI and bioimpedance), dietary intake (twice-repeated 24 h food record), and physical activity (twice-repeated 24 h physical activity questionnaire) data were collected. Logistic and linear regressions, with p-values adjusted for multiple tests by Bonferroni's method and with sex and age as covariates, were applied. The prevalence of EW was 19%, 25.4%, and 32.2%, according to Orbegozo Foundation, IOFT, and WHO criteria, respectively. The results showed a significant association between schoolchildren's nutritional status and energy balance, defined as the ratio of estimated energy intake to estimated energy expenditure (%), (β = -1.49 (-1.9-1.07), p < 0.01) and KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Quality Index score (β = -0.19 (95% IC -0.38-0), p = 0.04), and between the availability of TV or other technological devices in their room and the child's BMI (β = 1.15 (95% IC 0.20-2.10), p = 0.017) and their fat mass (β = 3.28 (95% IC 0.69-5.87), p = 0.013). The number of dairy servings/day had a protective effect against EW (OR = 0.48 (0.29-0.75), p adjusted = 0.05)). Studying lifestyle factors associated with obesity is essential for developing tools and strategies for obesity prevention in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcos-Pasero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia-VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Risk Factors, Clinical Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment of Childhood Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121975. [PMID: 36553418 PMCID: PMC9776766 DOI: 10.3390/children9121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity might adversely affect the health and well-being of children and their families. Childhood obesity has crucial implications for health, both during childhood and as they age. It is highly associated with many acute problems and is commonly present during childhood, making visits and hospital admissions polarized in this group of children. The problems that may affect these children can be medical, such as asthma, chronic inflammation, orthopedic abnormalities, liver disease, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors, the persistence of obesity and premature mortality are common among adults who had obesity during their early lives. Additionally, they could also suffer from psychological issues, such as low self-esteem, which puts them at risk of a much more serious psychosocial problem that may lead to depression, as well as a disruption in educational achievements and social relationships. A healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, and limited screen time are all preventive measures that should be implemented at the family and community levels, preferably through well-structured programs. Furthermore, pharmacological management of childhood obesity is limited and only used after non-pharmacological interventions have failed or in the late stages of obesity. However, recent guidelines advocate the early use of medical interventions. Approved pharmacotherapeutic options include orlistat, phentermine/topiramate combination and liraglutide. There are several other options approved primarily for other specific forms of obesity or for other indications, including setmelanotide, metformin, lisdexamfetamine, zonisamide and fluoxetine. Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective option in cases with extreme obesity and comorbidities considering the need for long-term monitoring and support for cases and their families post-surgery. This review aims to discuss and highlight the recent evidence regarding risk factors, clinical consequences, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity.
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Mariné-Casadó R, Domenech-Coca C, Crescenti A, Rodríguez Gómez MÁ, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Boqué N, Caimari A. Maternal Supplementation with a Cocoa Extract during Lactation Deeply Modulates Dams' Metabolism, Increases Adiponectin Circulating Levels and Improves the Inflammatory Profile in Obese Rat Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235134. [PMID: 36501173 PMCID: PMC9738144 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
High-flavonoid cocoa consumption has been associated with beneficial properties. However, there are scarce data concerning the effects of maternal cocoa intake on dams and in their progeny. Here, we evaluated in rats whether maternal supplementation with a high-flavan-3-ol cocoa extract (CCX) during lactation (200 mg.kg-1.day-1) produced beneficial effects on dams and in their normoweight (STD-CCX group) and cafeteria-fed obese (CAF-CCX group) adult male offspring. Maternal intake of CCX significantly increased the circulating levels of adiponectin and decreased the mammary gland lipid content of dams. These effects were accompanied by increased energy expenditure and circulating free fatty acids, as well as by a higher expression of lipogenic and adiponectin-related genes in their mammary glands, which could be related to a compensatory mechanism to ensure enough lipid supply to the pups. CCX consumption programmed both offspring groups towards increased plasma total adiponectin levels, and decreased liver weight and lean/fat ratio. Furthermore, CAF-CCX progeny showed an improvement of the inflammatory profile, evidenced by the significant decrease of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) circulating levels and the mRNA levels of the gene encoding the major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain (Cd74), a marker of M1 macrophage phenotype, in the epididymal white adipose tissue. Although further studies are needed, these findings can pave the way for using CCX as a nutraceutical supplement during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cristina Domenech-Coca
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Gómez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.C.)
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12
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Implementation and Evaluation of a School-Based Educational Program Targeting Healthy Diet and Exercise (DIEX) for Greek High School Students. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10120196. [PMID: 36548493 PMCID: PMC9781068 DOI: 10.3390/sports10120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of a school-based health education program promoting healthy diet and exercise, named DIEX, implemented on adolescents. The program is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and is supported by life skills training. The recipients of the program were high school students (n = 367; 168 boys and 199 girls) from 14 schools in Greece who attended 10 1 h sessions implemented by their schoolteachers. Data were collected before and after the program implementation through online questionnaires for: a. attitude, intention, subjective norms, and PBC toward healthy eating; b. knowledge about healthy eating; c. exercise behavior and attitude toward the DIEX program; and d. satisfaction with the DIEX program (only post-program). The results showed that there were significant differences among the pre- and post-measures of students' knowledge and behavior about healthy diet, as well as attitudes and satisfaction toward the program's application. The results show that the DIEX program may have improved nutrition behavior variables. Conclusively, a theory-based behavioral intervention with skills training may result in positive behavioral changes for young students during health education in school settings with the assistance of new technologies.
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13
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Family Social Support and Weight-Related Behaviors of School-Age Children: An Exploratory Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148501. [PMID: 35886352 PMCID: PMC9318999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Families are a key provider of support that may encourage positive weight-related behaviors. Yet little is known about the relation of family support to children’s performance of weight-related behaviors. Mothers (N = 524) who completed an online survey were categorized as having low, moderate, or high family support for fruit/vegetable intake, breakfast intake, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, physical activity, limiting sedentary screentime, and sleep. ANOVA revealed that children in families with high support for breakfast ate this meal significantly more often. Additionally, children in families with low support for limiting sugar-sweetened beverages had significantly greater intake. Surprisingly, families with moderate support for physical activity and sleep tended to have children with lower physical activity level, sleep duration, and sleep quality, and fewer days/week with set bedtimes than those with low and high support. Binomial logistic regression revealed that high family support for eating breakfast, limiting sugar-sweetened beverages, and getting sufficient sleep had greater odds of meeting recommendations for these behaviors. Findings suggest that greater family support for healthy weight-related behaviors tends to be associated with children’s performance of these behaviors. Future interventions should further examine the impact of different types of family support on weight-related behaviors to better understand this complex interplay.
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