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Iwai K, Okawada M. A Pair of Sibling Patients With Premature Aging Syndrome of Unknown Etiology. Cureus 2024; 16:e61300. [PMID: 38947695 PMCID: PMC11212580 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature aging syndrome is a rare condition characterized by premature aging and death. The exact pathogenic mechanisms underlying most premature aging syndromes are poorly understood. Here, we describe two sibling cases of premature aging syndrome of unknown etiology, with no identified significant genetic mutation, with the primary symptom of a prematurely aged appearance, and a chief complaint of marked short stature. The first patient was an eight-year-old Cambodian boy born to a third-degree consanguineous marriage. He visited our hospital with the chief complaint of short stature. His development was originally normal until he developed pneumonia when he was three years old. Neither of his parents had any symptoms or family history of similar abnormalities, except for his five-year-old sister, who also has a markedly short stature of 80.4 cm and a low body weight of 8.7 kg. Her face showed distinct macrognathia and relative macrocephaly. The brother's low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was high (198 mg/dl), and brain magnetic resonance angiography and carotid ultrasound revealed severe atherosclerotic changes. Whole-exome sequencing results were insignificant for both patients. This case report aims to elucidate the pathogenesis and treatment of progeria. This report indicates the possibility of an unidentified type of premature aging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Iwai
- Pediatrics, Sunrise Japan Hospital Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, KHM
| | - Manabu Okawada
- Pediatric Medicine, Sunrise Japan Hospital Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, KHM
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2
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De Simone L, Chiellino S, Spaziani G, Porcedda G, Calabri GB, Berti S, Favilli S, Stefani L, Santoro G. Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030526. [PMID: 36980084 PMCID: PMC10047036 DOI: 10.3390/children10030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease caused by a de novo mutation in the LMNA gene, leading to an accumulation of a form of Lamin A, called Progerin, which results in a typical phenotype and a marked decrease in life expectancy, due to early atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We report the case of a fourteen-year-old Chinese boy with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome admitted to the emergency room because of precordial pain. Physical examination showed tachycardia 130 beats/min and arterial hypertension: 170/120 mmHg, normal respiratory rate, no neurological impairment; ECG evidenced sinus tachycardia, left ventricular hypertrophy, horizontal ST-segment depression in I, aVL, II, III, aVF leads, and V4-V6 and ST-segment elevation in aVR and V1 leads. Echocardiography highlighted preserved global left ventricular function with concentric hypertrophy, altered diastolic flow pattern, mitral valve insufficiency, and minimal aortic regurgitation. Blood tests evidenced an increase in high-sensitivity troponin T level (335 pg/mL). NSTEMI diagnosis was performed, and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. A coronary CT angiography showed a severe obstruction of the common trunk of the left coronary artery, for which an urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was proposed. A selective coronary angiography imaged complete chronic occlusion of the left main coronary artery as well as severe stenosis at the origin of a very enlarged right coronary artery that vascularized the left coronary artery through collaterals. Afterwards, the right coronary artery was probed using an Amplatz right (AR1) guiding catheter, through which a large 3.5 mm drug-eluting coronary stent (Xience Sierra, Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) was implanted. At the end of the procedure, no residual stenosis was imaged and improved vascularization of the left coronary artery distribution segments was observed. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin (75 mg daily) and clopidogrel (37.5 mg daily) and anti-hypertensive therapy were started. At the one-year follow-up, the patient had not reported any occurrence of anginal chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano De Simone
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Chiellino
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Spaziani
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Porcedda
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Calabri
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Berti
- Interventional Cardiology, "Heart Hospital", National Research Council-Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio", 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Silvia Favilli
- Paediatric Cardiology, "Meyer" Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Stefani
- Sports Medicine Center, Clinical and Experimental Department, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Pediatric Cardiology and GUCH Unit, "Heart Hospital", National Research Council-Tuscany Foundation "G. Monasterio", 54100 Massa, Italy
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Puppala S, Spradling-Reeves KD, Chan J, Birnbaum S, Newman DE, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, VandeBerg JL, Olivier M, Cox LA. Hepatic transcript signatures predict atherosclerotic lesion burden prior to a 2-year high cholesterol, high fat diet challenge. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271514. [PMID: 35925965 PMCID: PMC9352111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms by which the liver influences total lesion burden in a nonhuman primate model (NHP) of cardiovascular disease with acute and chronic feeding of a high cholesterol, high fat (HCHF) diet. Baboons (47 females, 64 males) were fed a HCHF diet for 2 years (y); liver biopsies were collected at baseline, 7 weeks (w) and 2y, and lesions were quantified in aortic arch, descending aorta, and common iliac at 2y. Unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed several modules of hepatic genes correlated with lesions at different time points of dietary challenge. Pathway and network analyses were performed to study the roles of hepatic module genes. More significant pathways were observed in males than females. In males, we found modules enriched for genes in oxidative phosphorylation at baseline, opioid signaling at 7w, and EIF2 signaling and HNF1A and HNF4A networks at baseline and 2y. One module enriched for fatty acid β oxidation pathway genes was found in males and females at 2y. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a large NHP cohort to identify hepatic genes that correlate with lesion burden. Correlations of baseline and 7w module genes with lesions at 2y were observed in males but not in females. Pathway analyses of baseline and 7w module genes indicate EIF2 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and μ-opioid signaling are possible mechanisms that predict lesion formation induced by HCHF diet consumption in males. Our findings of coordinated hepatic transcriptional response in male baboons but not female baboons indicate underlying molecular mechanisms differ between female and male primate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Spradling-Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shifra Birnbaum
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Newman
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Michael C. Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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4
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Sayed N, Liu C, Ameen M, Himmati F, Zhang JZ, Khanamiri S, Moonen JR, Wnorowski A, Cheng L, Rhee JW, Gaddam S, Wang KC, Sallam K, Boyd JH, Woo YJ, Rabinovitch M, Wu JC. Clinical trial in a dish using iPSCs shows lovastatin improves endothelial dysfunction and cellular cross-talk in LMNA cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/554/eaax9276. [PMID: 32727917 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes lamin A and C, causes LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or cardiolaminopathy. LMNA is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs); however, little is known about the EC-specific phenotype of LMNA-related DCM. Here, we studied a family affected by DCM due to a frameshift variant in LMNA Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived ECs were generated from patients with LMNA-related DCM and phenotypically characterized. Patients with LMNA-related DCM exhibited clinical endothelial dysfunction, and their iPSC-ECs showed decreased functionality as seen by impaired angiogenesis and nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, genome-edited isogenic iPSC lines recapitulated the EC disease phenotype in which LMNA-corrected iPSC-ECs showed restoration of EC function. Simultaneous profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics by combining assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as well as loss-of-function studies identified Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) as a potential transcription factor responsible for the EC dysfunction. Gain-of-function studies showed that treatment of LMNA iPSC-ECs with KLF2 agonists, including lovastatin, rescued the EC dysfunction. Patients with LMNA-related DCM treated with lovastatin showed improvements in clinical endothelial dysfunction as indicated by increased reactive hyperemia index. Furthermore, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients exhibiting the DCM phenotype showed improvement in CM function when cocultured with iPSC-ECs and lovastatin. These results suggest that impaired cross-talk between ECs and CMs can contribute to the pathogenesis of LMNA-related DCM, and statin may be an effective therapy for vascular dysfunction in patients with cardiolaminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Farhan Himmati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Saereh Khanamiri
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexa Wnorowski
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linling Cheng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sadhana Gaddam
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karim Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jack H Boyd
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Spadaccio C, Antoniades C, Nenna A, Chung C, Will R, Chello M, Gaudino MFL. Preventing treatment failures in coronary artery disease: what can we learn from the biology of in-stent restenosis, vein graft failure, and internal thoracic arteries? Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:505-519. [PMID: 31397850 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the availability of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures significantly improves survival. However, both strategies are daunted by complications which limit long-term effectiveness. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a major drawback for intracoronary stenting, while graft failure is the limiting factor for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), especially using veins. Conversely, internal thoracic artery (ITA) is known to maintain long-term patency in CABG. Understanding the biology and pathophysiology of ISR and vein graft failure (VGF) and mechanisms behind ITA resistance to failure is crucial to combat these complications in CAD treatment. This review intends to provide an overview of the biological mechanisms underlying stent and VGF and of the potential therapeutic strategy to prevent these complications. Interestingly, despite being different modalities of revascularization, mechanisms of failure of stent and saphenous vein grafts are very similar from the biological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Calvin Chung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | - Ricardo Will
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Chello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Mosbah H, Vatier C, Boccara F, Jéru I, Vantyghem MC, Donadille B, Wahbi K, Vigouroux C. Cardiovascular complications of lipodystrophic syndromes - focus on laminopathies. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 82:146-148. [PMID: 32201029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mosbah
- Centre national de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino- Sécrétion et de l'Insulino -Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Centre national de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino- Sécrétion et de l'Insulino -Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Franck Boccara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Inserm U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Bruno Donadille
- Centre national de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino- Sécrétion et de l'Insulino -Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S970, FILNEMUS, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Descartes, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Centre national de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino- Sécrétion et de l'Insulino -Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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7
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Ji JY. Endothelial Nuclear Lamina in Mechanotransduction Under Shear Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1097:83-104. [PMID: 30315541 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells that line the lumen of blood vessels are at the interface between hemodynamic forces and vascular wall biology. Endothelial cells transduce mechanical and biological signals from blood flow into intracellular signaling cascades through a process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is an important part of normal cell functions, as well as endothelial dysfunction which leads to inflammation and pathological conditions. For example, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in regions of disturbed fluid flow and low shear stress. The nuclear lamina, which sits underneath the nuclear envelope, serves to maintain the nuclear structure while acting as a scaffold for heterochromatin and many transcriptional proteins. Defects in lamina and its associated proteins cause a variety of human diseases including accelerated aging diseases such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome. The role of nuclear lamina in endothelial mechanotransduction, specifically how nuclear mechanics impact gene regulation under shear stress, is not fully understood. In one study, lamin A/C was silenced in bovine aortic endothelial cells to determine its role in both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation and glucocorticoid response element (GRE) transcriptional activation in response to its natural ligand dexamethasone as well as fluid shear stress. Results suggest that absence of lamin A/C does not hinder passage of GR into the nucleus but nuclear lamina is important to properly regulate GRE transcription. Ongoing research continues to investigate how nuclear lamins contribute to endothelial mechanotransduction and to better understand the role of Lamin A in vascular aging and in the progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Ho R, Hegele RA. Complex effects of laminopathy mutations on nuclear structure and function. Clin Genet 2018; 95:199-209. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosettia Ho
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, and Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, and Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; London Ontario Canada
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9
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Yanhua X, Suxian Z. Cerebral Haemorrhage in a Young Patient With Atypical Werner Syndrome Due to Mutations in LMNA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:433. [PMID: 30123186 PMCID: PMC6085819 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Werner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder; classical Werner syndrome is caused by mutations in the WRN gene. However, recent research has shown that LMNA gene mutations can also cause premature ageing syndromes such as atypical Werner syndrome (AWS). AWS usually manifests as muscular damage, defects in the cardiac conduction system, lipoatrophy, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and premature ageing. Clinical presentation: A 24-year-old man presented with severe abdominal aortic and peripheral artery disease and cerebral haemorrhage. He was prescribed once-daily 20 mg atorvastatin. Another large cerebral haemorrhage occurred 8 months after discharge. Although he underwent minimally invasive intracranial haematoma surgery, paralysis set in. Molecular studies showed a missense mutation within exon 5 (c.898G>C) that caused amino acid aspartate 300 to be replaced by histidine (p.Asp300His) in the LMNA gene. The patient was diagnosed with AWS. Conclusions: Haemorrhagic stroke and progeroid features may be manifestations of LMNA-linked AWS. In such cases, the patient's family history and genetic background should be investigated. WRN and LMNA gene testing of the proband and the immediate family should be considered. This case report provides a deeper understanding of the role of LMNA mutations in AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yanhua
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
- Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Zhou Suxian
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews current knowledge concerning diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It reviews strategies to reduce diabetes-associated CVD, including reducing low-density lipoprotein levels, lowering triglycerides, and increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Special considerations, such as the multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome and partial lipodystrophy, and the role of glucose-lowering strategies in the management of diabetic dyslipidemia are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS The strongest evidence to date for reducing CVD in diabetes comes from the use of statins. While triglyceride lowering remains inconclusive, an ongoing trial might provide some finality to this question. The role of increasing HDL remains elusive, and HDL cholesterol appears to be an unsatisfactory metric for monitoring therapy. The use of statins offers the best current way to reduce diabetes-associated CVD. However, several novel and promising approaches for the management of diabetic dyslipidemia aimed at reducing CVD are in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ira Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Pitrez P, Rosa S, Praça C, Ferreira L. Vascular disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells: Focus in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:710-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Krawiec P, Mełges B, Pac-Kożuchowska E, Mroczkowska-Juchkiewicz A, Czerska K. Fitting the pieces of the puzzle together: a case report of the Dunnigan-type of familial partial lipodystrophy in the adolescent girl. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:38. [PMID: 26976018 PMCID: PMC4790055 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type (FPLD 2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by the mutations of the lamin A/C gene leading to the defective adipogenesis, premature death of adipocytes and lipotoxicity. FPLD 2 is characterized by a progressive loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the limbs and trunk, and accumulation of body fat in the face and neck with accompanying severe metabolic derangements including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis. Clinical presentation of FPLD 2 can often lead to misdiagnosis with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes or Cushing syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 14-year-old girl admitted to the Department of Paediatrics due to chronic hypertransaminasemia. On physical examination the girl appeared to have athletic posture. She demonstrated the absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the extremities, sparing the face, neck and gluteal area, pseudo-hypertrophy of calves, prominent peripheral veins of limbs, massive acanthosis nigricans around the neck, in axillary and inguinal regions and natural skin folds, hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory results revealed hypertransaminasemia, elevated γ-glutamyltranspeptydase, and dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinaemia with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperuricemia. Diffuse steatoheptitis in the liver biopsy was stated. Clinical suspicion of FPLD 2 was confirmed genetically. The pathogenic mutation, R482W (p.Arg482Trp), responsible for the FPLD 2 phenotype was identified in one allele of the LMNA gene. CONCLUSIONS Presented case highlights the importance of the holistic approach to a patient and the need of accomplished collaboration between paediatricians and geneticists. FPLD 2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diabetes, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Mełges
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Kamila Czerska
- MEDGEN Medical Center, Orzycka 27, 02-695, Warsaw, Poland
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Andre P, Schneebeli S, Vigouroux C, Lascols O, Schaaf M, Chevalier P. Metabolic and cardiac phenotype characterization in 37 atypical Dunnigan patients with nonfarnesylated mutated prelamin A. Am Heart J 2015; 169:587-93. [PMID: 25819867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminopathies are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from lipodystrophy to cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess genotype-phenotype correlations in a lipodystrophic laminopathy caused by the Lamin A (LMNA) mutation T655fsX49. This mutation leads to synthesis of nonfarnesylated-mutated prelamin A that does not undergo the physiologic lamin A maturation process. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 35 patients originating from Reunion Island who carried the LMNA T655fsX49 mutation. Comparisons of cardiac and endocrinologic features were made between homozygous and heterozygous patients. Homozygous patients presented more overlapping syndromes with severe cardiac phenotypes, defined by cardiolaminopathy, early atheroma with coronary heart disease (CHD) and high-degree conduction disorder compared with heterozygous (40% vs 4%; P = .016). Moreover, homozygous patients had earlier onset (49.6 vs 66 years old; P = .0002). Left ventricle lowered ejection fraction associated with heart failure was more frequent in homozygous than in heterozygous patients (40% vs 0%, respectively). Lipodystrophic traits were more marked in the homozygous group but only reached statistical significance for L4 subcutaneous fat measurement (2.8 ± 2.16 vs 18.7 ± 8.9 mm; P = .008) and leptin levels (2.45 ± 1.6 vs 11.26 ± 7.2 ng/mL; P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a relationship between mutated prelamin-A accumulation and the severity of the phenotypes in homozygous familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 patients who harbor the LMNA T655fsX49 mutation. A dose-dependent effect seems likely.
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Miyamoto MI, Djabali K, Gordon LB. Atherosclerosis in Ancient Humans, Accelerated Aging Syndromes and Normal
Aging: Is Lamin A Protein a Common Link? Glob Heart 2014; 9:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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LMNA gene mutation as a model of cardiometabolic dysfunction: from genetic analysis to treatment response. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:224-8. [PMID: 24485160 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This report highlights the metabolic, endocrine and cardiovascular comorbidities in a case of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), and also evaluates the efficacy and safety of metformin therapy. METHODS Mutational analysis was carried out of the LMNA gene in a teenage girl with an FPLD phenotype. Insulin resistance, sex hormones and metabolic parameters were also evaluated, and echocardiography, electrocardiography and 24-h blood pressure monitoring were also done. RESULTS The patient showed atypical fat distribution, insulin resistance and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Physical examination revealed muscle hypertrophy with a paucity of fat in the extremities, trunk and gluteal regions, yet excess fat deposits in the face, neck and dorsal cervical region. LMNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (c.1543A>G) in exon 9, leading to substitution of lysine by glutamic acid at position 515 (K515E). Moderate hypertension and secondary polycystic ovary syndrome were also assessed. Treatment with metformin resulted in progressive improvement of metabolic status, while blood pressure values normalized with atenolol therapy. CONCLUSIONS Very rapid and good results with no side-effects were achieved with metformin therapy for FPLD. The association of an unusual mutation in the LMNA gene was also described.
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Kaminski A, Fedorchak GR, Lammerding J. The cellular mastermind(?)-mechanotransduction and the nucleus. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 126:157-203. [PMID: 25081618 PMCID: PMC4591053 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394624-9.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to mechanical stimulation by activation of specific signaling pathways and genes that allow the cell to adapt to its dynamic physical environment. How cells sense the various mechanical inputs and translate them into biochemical signals remains an area of active investigation. Recent reports suggest that the cell nucleus may be directly implicated in this cellular mechanotransduction process. Taken together, these findings paint a picture of the nucleus as a central hub in cellular mechanotransduction-both structurally and biochemically-with important implications in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Kaminski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gregory R Fedorchak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Abstract
The nucleus is the distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Until recently, it was often considered simply as a unique compartment containing the genetic information of the cell and associated machinery, without much attention to its structure and mechanical properties. This article provides compelling examples that illustrate how specific nuclear structures are associated with important cellular functions, and how defects in nuclear mechanics can cause a multitude of human diseases. During differentiation, embryonic stem cells modify their nuclear envelope composition and chromatin structure, resulting in stiffer nuclei that reflect decreased transcriptional plasticity. In contrast, neutrophils have evolved characteristic lobulated nuclei that increase their physical plasticity, enabling passage through narrow tissue spaces in their response to inflammation. Research on diverse cell types further demonstrates how induced nuclear deformations during cellular compression or stretch can modulate cellular function. Pathological examples of disturbed nuclear mechanics include the many diseases caused by mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C and associated proteins, as well as cancer cells that are often characterized by abnormal nuclear morphology. In this article, we will focus on determining the functional relationship between nuclear mechanics and cellular (dys-)function, describing the molecular changes associated with physiological and pathological examples, the resulting defects in nuclear mechanics, and the effects on cellular function. New insights into the close relationship between nuclear mechanics and cellular organization and function will yield a better understanding of normal biology and will offer new clues into therapeutic approaches to the various diseases associated with defective nuclear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lammerding
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Nayebosadri A, Ji JY. Endothelial nuclear lamina is not required for glucocorticoid receptor nuclear import but does affect receptor-mediated transcription activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C309-22. [PMID: 23703529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lamina serves to maintain the nuclear structure and stiffness while acting as a scaffold for heterochromatin and many transcriptional proteins. Its role in endothelial mechanotransduction, specifically how nuclear mechanics impact gene regulation under shear stress, is not fully understood. In this study, we successfully silenced lamin A/C in bovine aortic endothelial cells to determine its role in both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation and glucocorticoid response element (GRE) transcriptional activation in response to dexamethasone and shear stress. Nuclear translocation of GR, an anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor, in response to dexamethasone or shear stress (5, 10, and 25 dyn/cm(2)) was observed via time-lapse cell imaging and quantified using a Bayesian image analysis algorithm. Transcriptional activity of the GRE promoter was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter plasmid. We found no dependence on nuclear lamina for GR translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. However, the absence of lamin A/C led to significantly increased expression of luciferase under dexamethasone and shear stress induction as well as changes in histone protein function. PCR results for NF-κB inhibitor alpha (NF-κBIA) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) genes further supported our luciferase data with increased expression in the absence of lamin. Our results suggest that absence of lamin A/C does not hinder passage of GR into the nucleus, but nuclear lamina is important to properly regulate GRE transcription. Nuclear lamina, rather than histone deacetylase (HDAC), is a more significant mediator of shear stress-induced transcriptional activity, while dexamethasone-initiated transcription is more HDAC dependent. Our findings provide more insights into the molecular pathways involved in nuclear mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Nayebosadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Weterings AAW, van Rijsingen IAW, Plomp AS, Zwinderman AH, Lekanne Deprez RH, Mannens MM, van den Bergh Weerman MA, van der Wal AC, Pinto-Sietsma SJ. A novel lamin A/C mutation in a Dutch family with premature atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:169-73. [PMID: 23659872 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report a novel lamin A/C (LMNA) mutation, p.Glu223Lys, in a family with extensive atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and steatosis hepatis. METHODS Sequence analysis of LMNA (using Alamut version 2.2), co-segregation analysis, electron microscopy, extensive phenotypic evaluation of the mutation carriers and literature comparison were used to determine the loss of function of this mutation. RESULTS The father of three siblings died at the age of 45 years. The three siblings and the brother and sister of the father were referred to the cardiovascular genetics department, because of the premature atherosclerosis and dysmorphic characteristics observed in the father at autopsy. The novel LMNA mutation, p.Glu223Lys, was identified in the proband and his two sons. Clinical evaluation revealed atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and hypertension in the proband and dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in all the patients with the mutation. CONCLUSION Based on the facts that in silico analysis predicts a possibly pathogenic mutation, the mutation co-segregates with the disease, only fibroblasts from mutation carriers show nuclear blebbing and a similar phenotype was reported to be due to missense mutations in LMNA we conclude that we deal with a pathogenic mutation. We conclude that the phenotype is similar to Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A W Weterings
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Turer AT, Hill JA, Elmquist JK, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue biology and cardiomyopathy: translational implications. Circ Res 2013; 111:1565-77. [PMID: 23223931 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.262493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is epidemiologically established that obesity is frequently associated with the metabolic syndrome and poses an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The molecular links that connect the phenomenon of obesity, per se, with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease are still not fully elucidated. It is increasingly apparent that fully functional adipose tissue can be cardioprotective by reducing lipotoxic effects in other peripheral tissues and by maintaining a healthy balance of critical adipokines, thereby allowing the heart to maintain its full metabolic flexibility. The present review highlights both basic and clinical findings that emphasize the complex interplay of adipose tissue physiology and adipokine-mediated effects on the heart exerted by either direct effects on cardiac myocytes or indirect actions via central mechanisms through sympathetic outflow to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan T Turer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG, Calvo E, Zubiri I, Maroto AS, Darde VM, Martin-Rojas T, Gil-Dones F, Posada-Ayala M, Tejerina T, Lopez JA, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G. Secretome analysis of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic arteries reveals dynamic extracellular remodeling during pathogenesis. J Proteomics 2011; 75:2960-71. [PMID: 22197968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early detection of cardiovascular diseases and knowledge of underlying mechanisms is essential. Tissue secretome studies resemble more closely to the in vivo situation, showing a much narrower protein concentrations dynamic range than plasma. This study was aimed to the analysis of human arterial tissue secretome and to the quantitative comparison of healthy and atherosclerotic secretome to discover proteins with key roles in atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS Secretomes from three biological replicates of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries (APC), preatherosclerotic coronaries (PC) and mammaries (M) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins were submitted to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool. Label-free MS/MS based quantification was performed and validated by immunohistochemistry. 64 proteins were identified in the 3 replicates of at least one of the 3 groups and 15 secreted proteins have not been previously reported in plasma. Four proteins were significantly released in higher amounts by mammary tissue: gelsolin, vinculin, lamin A/C and phosphoglucomutase 5. CONCLUSION The study of tissue secretome reveals key proteins involved in atherosclerosis which have not been previously reported in plasma. Novel proteins are here highlighted which could be potential therapeutic targets in clinical practice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics: The clinical link.
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Richards SA, Muter J, Ritchie P, Lattanzi G, Hutchison CJ. The accumulation of un-repairable DNA damage in laminopathy progeria fibroblasts is caused by ROS generation and is prevented by treatment with N-acetyl cysteine. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3997-4004. [PMID: 21807766 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts from patients with the severe laminopathy diseases, restrictive dermopathy (RD) and Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are characterized by poor growth in culture, the presence of abnormally shaped nuclei and the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Here we show that the accumulation of DSB and poor growth of the fibroblasts but not the presence of abnormally shaped nuclei are caused by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and greater sensitivity to oxidative stress. Basal levels of ROS and sensitivity to H(2)O(2) were compared in fibroblasts from normal, RD and HGPS individuals using fluorescence activated cell sorting-based assays. Basal levels of ROS and stimulated levels of ROS were both 5-fold higher in the progeria fibroblasts. Elevated levels of ROS were correlated with lower proliferation indices but not with the presence of abnormally shaped nuclei. DSB induced by etoposide were repaired efficiently in normal, RD and HGPS fibroblasts. In contrast, DSB induced by ROS were repaired efficiently in normal fibroblasts, but in RD and HGPS fibroblasts many ROS-induced DSB were un-repairable. The accumulation of ROS-induced DSB appeared to cause the poor growth of RD and HGPS fibroblasts, since culture in the presence of the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reduced the basal levels of DSB, eliminated un-repairable ROS-induced DSB and greatly improved population-doubling times. Our findings suggest that un-repaired ROS-induced DSB contribute significantly to the RD and HGPS phenotypes and that inclusion of NAC in a combinatorial therapy might prove beneficial to HGPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Richards
- The School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE,UK
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Carboni N, Porcu M, Mura M, Cocco E, Marrosu G, Maioli MA, Solla E, Tranquilli S, Orrù P, Marrosu MG. Evolution of the phenotype in a family with an LMNA gene mutation presenting with isolated cardiac involvement. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:85-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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[Metabolic syndrome and aging]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2009; 44:335-41. [PMID: 19913945 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the current "obesity epidemic" and its correlate, metabolic syndrome, have been related not only to cardiovascular disease but also to the presence of multiple chronic diseases and even to the development of disability. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that this situation of risk and that of frailty, which has aroused such interest in geriatrics, could share common physiopathologic mechanisms. These mechanisms are reviewed in the present article.
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Walter M. Interrelationships Among HDL Metabolism, Aging, and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1244-50. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walter
- From the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Germany and the Unfallkranken haus Berlin, Germany
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Akasaka H, Katsuya T, Saitoh S, Sugimoto K, Ohnishi H, Congrains A, Ohnishi M, Ohishi M, Rakugi H, Ogihara T, Shimamoto K. A promoter polymorphism of lamin A/C gene is an independent genetic predisposition to arterial stiffness in a Japanese general population (the Tanno and Sobetsu study). J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:404-9. [PMID: 19672032 DOI: 10.5551/jat.no1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We examined the hypothesis that there is a positive, independent association between polymorphisms of lamin A/C gene (LMNA) and arterial stiffness in Japanese. METHODS The subjects were 261 men (mean age, 64.4+/-0.7 years) selected from inhabitants of the towns of Tanno and Sobetsu in a rural area of Japan who underwent medical check-ups. We conducted clinical examinations, including measurement of bilateral brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as a marker of arterial stiffness, and genetic analysis. Subjects with atrial fibrillation, subjects with ankle-brachial index <0.9, and subjects taking any medication were excluded. We selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers of LMNA, 1908C/T in exon 10 and -1030C/T in the promoter region, which we have recently identified. All genotypes were clearly determined by the TaqMan PCR method. RESULTS Genotype frequencies of the two polymorphisms satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The baPWV of -1030C/T polymorphism was significantly greater in subjects with CC genotype than in subjects with CT+TT genotype (1,652+/-22.1 cm/s vs. 1,552+/-43.0 cm/s, p=0.039); however, no significant difference was found for 1908C/T polymorphism. The baPWV was found to be significantly associated with age, body height, systolic blood pressure, and smoking habit; therefore, we next performed multiple regression analysis including these parameters, and found an independent, significant association between baPWV and -1030C/T polymorphism. CONCLUSION Promoter -1030C/T polymorphism of LMNA is a possible genetic predisposition to arterial stiffness in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akasaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Joy T, Kennedy BA, Al-Attar S, Rutt BK, Hegele RA. Predicting abdominal adipose tissue among women with familial partial lipodystrophy. Metabolism 2009; 58:828-34. [PMID: 19375764 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of truncal adiposity (trunk fat percentage [TrF %(MRI)], visceral adipose tissue [VAT], and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue [SAT]), simple clinical measures (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived measures (total fat percentage [TF %] and TrF %(BIA)) in female patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). Our secondary aim was to generate and cross-validate predictive equations for VAT and SAT using these simple clinical and BIA-derived variables. Measures of truncal adiposity were measured using 1.5-T MRI (VAT, SAT, and TrF %(MRI)) and Tanita (Tokyo, Japan) 8-electrode body composition analyzer BC-418 (TrF %(BIA)) in 13 female FPLD patients. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined among the various adiposity parameters (BMI, WC, WHR, SAT, VAT, TrF %(MRI), TrF %(BIA), and TF %). Equations to estimate VAT and SAT were determined among 6 of the 13 FPLD subjects using multilinear regression analysis, and the best equations were then cross-validated in the remaining 7 subjects. Variables entered into the model included age, BMI, WC, WHR, TrF %(BIA), and TF %. The TrF %(MRI) showed moderate correlation (r = 0.647, P = .02) with the TrF %(BIA), but the discrepancy between the 2 variables increased with increasing truncal adiposity. The strongest correlate for TrF %(MRI) was BMI (r = 0.886, P < .0001). Visceral adipose tissue was poorly associated with simple clinical measures of BMI, WC, and WHR, but was inversely correlated with TF %, TrF %(BIA), and SAT. The TF % was the strongest correlate for both SAT and VAT. Thus, the best regression equation for VAT included age, BMI, WC, and TF % (R(2) = 1.0), whereas that for SAT only included TF % (R(2) = 0.75). The corresponding standard error of the estimate for the predictive equations was approximately 0.03 % and 18.5 % of the mean value of VAT and SAT, respectively. In the cross-validation study, differences between predicted and observed values of SAT were larger than those of VAT. We conclude that, among female FPLD patients, (1) no simple clinical anthropometric measure correlates well with VAT, whereas BMI correlates well with SAT; (2) BIA measure of TF % most strongly correlated with both VAT and SAT; and (3) based on the cross-validation study, VAT but not SAT could be more reliably estimated using the regression equations derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha Joy
- Robarts Research Institute and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8.
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Joy TR, Hegele RA. Prevalence of reproductive abnormalities among women with familial partial lipodystrophy. Endocr Pract 2009; 14:1126-32. [PMID: 19158052 DOI: 10.4158/ep.14.9.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or ovarian cysts among women with genetically confirmed familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) with that in the general population of healthy women. METHODS Twenty-five women with FPLD who were 18 to 80 years old were interviewed regarding a history of PCOS or ovarian cysts (composite primary outcome) as well as for secondary outcomes of interest including menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, gynecologic surgical procedures, and fertility or obstetric complications. From the 2005 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 3,326 women, aged 18 to 80 years (control subjects), were assessed for the presence of the primary outcome based on appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. RESULTS Four of the 25 patients with FPLD (16%) had a history of PCOS or ovarian cysts, in comparison with 14 of the 3,326 control subjects (0.42%), resulting in an age- and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio of 40.6 (95% confidence interval, 12.1 to 136.7; P<.0001) among the patients with FPLD. Furthermore, 5 women with FPLD (20%) required at least 1 oophorectomy during their lifetime, and 6 (24%) had had hysterectomies at a young age (<or=55 years). CONCLUSION Women with genetically confirmed FPLD have an increased risk for PCOS and ovarian cysts, as well as early hysterectomies, in comparison with the general population. Therefore, timely involvement of gynecologists in the care of these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha R Joy
- Robarts Research Institute and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Cells sense their physical surroundings through mechanotransduction - that is, by translating mechanical forces and deformations into biochemical signals such as changes in intracellular calcium concentration or by activating diverse signalling pathways. In turn, these signals can adjust cellular and extracellular structure. This mechanosensitive feedback modulates cellular functions as diverse as migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and is crucial for organ development and homeostasis. Consequently, defects in mechanotransduction - often caused by mutations or misregulation of proteins that disturb cellular or extracellular mechanics - are implicated in the development of various diseases, ranging from muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies to cancer progression and metastasis.
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Renard D, Fourcade G, Milhaud D, Bessis D, Esteves-Vieira V, Boyer A, Roll P, Bourgeois P, Levy N, De Sandre-Giovannoli A. Novel
LMNA
Mutation in Atypical Werner Syndrome Presenting With Ischemic Disease. Stroke 2009; 40:e11-4. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.531780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Renard
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Genevieve Fourcade
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Didier Milhaud
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Didier Bessis
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Vera Esteves-Vieira
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Amandine Boyer
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Patrice Roll
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Patrice Bourgeois
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Nicolas Levy
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- From Department of Neurology (D.R., G.F., D.M.), Department of Dermatology (D.B.), CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (V.E.-V., A.B., P.B., N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants la Timone, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire (P.R.), Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR_S910 (N.L., A.D.S.-G.), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille
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Verstraeten VLRM, Ji JY, Cummings KS, Lee RT, Lammerding J. Increased mechanosensitivity and nuclear stiffness in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria cells: effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Aging Cell 2008; 7:383-93. [PMID: 18331619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), reportedly a model for normal aging, is a genetic disorder in children marked by dramatic signs suggestive for premature aging. It is usually caused by de novo mutations in the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Lamins are essential to maintaining nuclear integrity, and loss of lamin A/C results in increased cellular sensitivity to mechanical strain and defective mechanotransduction signaling. Since increased mechanical sensitivity in vascular cells could contribute to loss of smooth muscle cells and the development of arteriosclerosis--the leading cause of death in HGPS patients--we investigated the effect of mechanical stress on cells from HGPS patients. We found that skin fibroblasts from HGPS patients developed progressively stiffer nuclei with increasing passage number. Importantly, fibroblasts from HGPS patients had decreased viability and increased apoptosis under repetitive mechanical strain, as well as attenuated wound healing, and these defects preceded changes in nuclear stiffness. Treating fibroblasts with farnesyltransferase inhibitors restored nuclear stiffness in HGPS cells and accelerated the wound healing response in HGPS and healthy control cells by increasing the directional persistence of migrating cells. However, farnesyltransferase inhibitors did not improve cellular sensitivity to mechanical strain. These data suggest that increased mechanical sensitivity in HGPS cells is unrelated to changes in nuclear stiffness and that increased biomechanical sensitivity could provide a potential mechanism for the progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells under physiological strain in HGPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L R M Verstraeten
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Decaudain A, Vantyghem MC, Guerci B, Hécart AC, Auclair M, Reznik Y, Narbonne H, Ducluzeau PH, Donadille B, Lebbé C, Béréziat V, Capeau J, Lascols O, Vigouroux C. New metabolic phenotypes in laminopathies: LMNA mutations in patients with severe metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4835-44. [PMID: 17711925 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the LMNA gene are responsible for several laminopathies, including lipodystrophies, with complex genotype/phenotype relationships. OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Sequencing of the LMNA coding regions in 277 unrelated adults investigated for lipodystrophy and/or insulin resistance revealed 17 patients with substitutions at codon 482 observed in typical Dunnigan's familial partial lipodystrophy and 10 patients with other mutations. We report here the phenotypes of the patients with non-codon 482 mutations and compare them with those of 11 patients with codon 482 mutations. We also studied skin fibroblasts or lymphocytes from seven patients. RESULTS LMNA mutations found in nine patients studied here affected the three protein domains. Eight of them were novel. The 10 patients with non-codon 482-associated mutations fulfilled the International Diabetes Federation diagnosis criteria for metabolic syndrome. Most of them lacked the typical lipoatrophy observed in Dunnigan's familial partial lipodystrophy. However, the severity of insulin resistance, altered glucose tolerance, and hypertriglyceridemia and the alterations of cell nuclei were similar in patients with codon 482- and non-codon 482-associated mutations. Calf hypertrophy, myalgia, and muscle cramps or weakness were present in nine patients and cardiac conduction disturbances in two patients with non-codon 482 LMNA mutations. CONCLUSIONS We describe here new phenotypes of metabolic laminopathy associated with non-codon 482 LMNA mutations and characterized, in the absence of obvious clinical lipoatrophy, by severe metabolic alterations and frequent muscle signs (muscular hypertrophy, myalgias, or weakness). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and/or cross-sectional abdominal and thigh imaging can help diagnosis by revealing subclinical lipodystrophy. The prevalence and pathophysiology of metabolic laminopathies need to be studied further.
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Moreau F, Boullu-Sanchis S, Vigouroux C, Lucescu C, Lascols O, Sapin R, Ruimy D, Guerci B, Pinget M, Jeandidier N. Efficacy of pioglitazone in familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type: a case report. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2007; 33:385-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
In the past several years, remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of premature aging. These rare, genetic conditions offer valuable insights into the normal aging process and the complex biology of cardiovascular disease. Many of these advances have been made in the most dramatic of these disorders, Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Although characterized by features of normal aging such as alopecia, skin wrinkling, and osteoporosis, patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome are affected by accelerated, premature arteriosclerotic disease that leads to heart attacks and strokes at a mean age of 13 years. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the biology of premature aging uncovered in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome and other accelerated aging syndromes, advances that provide insight into the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Capell
- Genome Technology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-2486, USA
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Halaschek-Wiener J, Brooks-Wilson A. Progeria of stem cells: stem cell exhaustion in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:3-8. [PMID: 17301031 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal genetic disorder that is characterized by segmental accelerated aging. The major causal mutation associated with HGPS triggers abnormal messenger RNA splicing of the lamin A gene leading to changes in the nuclear architecture. To date, two models have been proposed to explain how mutations in the lamin A gene could lead to HGPS, structural fragility and altered gene expression. We favor a compatible model that links HGPS to stem cell-driven tissue regeneration. In this model, nuclear fragility of lamin A-deficient cells increases apoptotic cell death to levels that exhaust tissues' ability for stem cell-driven regeneration. Tissue-specific differences in cell death or regenerative potential, or both, result in the tissue-specific segmental aging pattern seen in HGPS. We propose that the pattern of aging-related conditions present or absent in HGPS can provide insight into the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Halaschek-Wiener
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, BC Cnacer Research centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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Abstract
Despite the many studies of murine atherosclerosis, we do not yet know the relevance of the natural history of this model to the final events precipitated by plaque disruption of human atherosclerotic lesions. The literature has become particularly confused because of the common use of terms such as "instability", "vulnerable", "rupture", or even "thrombosis" for features of plaques in murine model systems not yet shown to rupture spontaneously and in an animal surprisingly resistant to formation of thrombi at sites of atherosclerosis. We suggest that use of conclusory terms like "vulnerable" and "stable" should be discouraged. Similarly, terms such as "buried fibrous caps" that imply preceding events that are unproven tend to create confusion. We will argue that such terminology may mislead readers by implying knowledge that does not yet exist. We suggest, instead, a focus on specific processes that various forms of data have implicated in plaque progression. For example, formation of the fibrous cap, protease activation, and cell death in the necrotic core can be well described and have all been modeled in well-defined experiments. The relevance of such well-defined, objective, descriptive observations in the mouse can be tested for relevance against data from human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, 815 Mercer Street, Room 421, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-4714, USA.
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van der Veer E, Ho C, O'Neil C, Barbosa N, Scott R, Cregan SP, Pickering JG. Extension of human cell lifespan by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10841-5. [PMID: 17307730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c700018200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending the productive lifespan of human cells could have major implications for diseases of aging, such as atherosclerosis. We identified a relationship between aging of human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt/PBEF/Visfatin), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ salvage from nicotinamide. Replicative senescence of SMCs was preceded by a marked decline in the expression and activity of Nampt. Furthermore, reducing Nampt activity with the antagonist FK866 induced premature senescence in SMCs, assessed by serial quantification of the proportion of cells with senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. In contrast, introducing the Nampt gene into aging human SMCs delayed senescence and substantially lengthened cell lifespan, together with enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Nampt-mediated SMC lifespan extension was associated with increased activity of the NAD+-dependent longevity enzyme SIRT1 and was abrogated in Nampt-overexpressing cells transduced with a dominant-negative form of SIRT1 (H363Y). Nampt overexpression also reduced the fraction of p53 that was acetylated on lysine 382, a target of SIRT1, suppressed an age-related increase in p53 expression, and increased the rate of p53 degradation. Moreover, add-back of p53 with recombinant adenovirus blocked the anti-aging effects of Nampt. These data indicate that Nampt is a longevity protein that can add stress-resistant life to human SMCs by optimizing SIRT1-mediated p53 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric van der Veer
- Robarts Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5K8
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Fuchs D, Dirscherl B, Schroot JH, Daniel H, Wenzel U. Soy extract has different effects compared with the isolated isoflavones on the proteome of homocysteine-stressed endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:58-69. [PMID: 16502433 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that soy consumption may provide a protection in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It is under debate, however, whether the soy isoflavones or other compounds are the "active principle". As apoptosis is a driving force in the process of atherosclerosis, we tested whether a soy extract or a combination of the two predominant isoflavones genistein and daidzein, in concentrations as found in the extract, exert similar or different effects on apoptosis in EA.hy 926 endothelial cells after exposure to the endothelial stressor homocysteine. Plasma membrane disintegration and nuclear fragmentation served as relevant apoptosis markers. To assess whether the extract and the genistein/daidzein mixture differently affect cellular target proteins changed in amount by homocysteine treatment, proteome analysis was performed by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting of regulated protein spots. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in the cells, and both extract and genistein/daidzein inhibited apoptosis to a comparable extent. Whereas the extract prevented for 10 proteins the changes in expression levels as caused by homocysteine, the genistein/daidzein mixture reversed the homocysteine effects on the proteome for 13 proteins. The cytoskeletal protein matrin 3 and a U5 snRNP-specific 40-kDa protein were the only protein entities where both extract and genistein/daidzein reversed the homocysteine-induced changes in a common way. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that an isoflavone containing soy extract and isolated isoflavones, despite similar effects on inhibition of homocysteine-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells, affect a quite different spectrum of cellular target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fuchs
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Vigouroux C. Les laminopathies : lipodystrophies, insulino-résistance, syndromes de vieillissement accéléré… et les autres. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2005; 66:270-8. [PMID: 15988390 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(05)81761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of diseases due to mutations of type A-lamins, a group of proteins lining the inner aspect of cell nuclei. These diseases illustrate the complexity of the genotype-phenotype relationship characteristic of same genetic diseases. Since the discovery of the causal role of LMNA gene mutations in the genesis of Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in 1999, no less than eight other diseases have been associated with mutations of this same gene! The tissue-specific nature of the clinical manifestations, contrasting with the ubiquitous expression of these proteins, has incited much research concerning the physiological role of lamins, considered to be much broader than the structural function initially put forward. Certain laminopathies, which combine insulin resistance, android distribution of adipose tissue, dyslipidemia, early atherosclerosis, and hepatic steatosis, appear very similar though more severe to the frequent dysmetabolism syndrome. The relationships of laminopathies with accelerated aging syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, or progeroid syndromes, which are also related to A/C lamin anomalies, could provide new avenues of research on the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, clinicians have to be aware of atypical and milder forms of laminopathies, that require specific investigations and molecular screening of relatives allowing an adequate medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vigouroux
- Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM U680, 27, rue Chaligny, 75 571 Paris Cedex 12.
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