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Huang H, Liu RQ, Chen Y, Liu Y, Dong GH, Hou J, Li S, Guo Y, Wang C, Chen G. Metabolic pathways altered by air pollutant exposure in association with coagulation function among the rural elderly. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135507. [PMID: 39182293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure has been linked with coagulation function. However, evidence is limited for the relationships between air pollution, coagulation function and metabolomics in humans. We recruited a panel of 130 rural elderly from the Chayashan township in China, all of whom were free of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and had provided residential address information. We conducted clinical examinations and collected blood samples from these rural elderly for the detection of coagulation biomarkers (e.g, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, thrombin time, and prothrombin time) and untargeted metabolites in both December 2021 and August 2022. We used mini ambient air quality monitor to measure the mean levels of five air pollutants (e.g., PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) during 1 to 2 weeks before blood sample collection. The Mummichog pathway analysis was used to identified potential metabolic features and pathways. In this study, we identified 5 pathways associated with both air pollution and coagulation function, and further pinpointed eight metabolic features within these pathways. The majority of these features were lipids, including arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Overall, the findings of this study offer insights into potential mechanisms, particularly lipid metabolism, that may underlie the association between air pollution and coagulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Kello N, Cho YM. Natural supplements in antiphospholipid syndrome: A case for further study. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109848. [PMID: 38036277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombotic events and/or pregnancy complications in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Although long-term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is considered standard of care, there is an unmet need for safe therapeutics as primary thromboprophylaxis or adjuncts to standard of care in APS. APS is driven by oxidative stress, procoagulant, proinflammatory and angiogenic pathways. For these reasons there has been an increased interest into the investigation of antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of natural supplements in APS. The objective of this review is to summarize the mechanistic, epidemiologic and clinical evidence behind the use of natural supplements in APS, with a specific focus on vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, gingerol, and isoquercetin. This review should serve as a compelling argument for the future study of natural supplements in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kello
- Northwell Health, Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, United States of America.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Northwell Health, Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, United States of America
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Hussain H, Ganesh A, Milane L, Amiji M. Lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; from nucleic acid nanomedicines, to clinical trials, herd immunity, and the vaccination divide. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:489-506. [PMID: 36890642 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2189697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In November 2019, the idea of a zoonotic virus crossing over to human transmission in a seafood market in Wuhan, China, and then soaring across the globe to claim over 6.3 million lives and persisting to date, seemed more like wild science fiction than a future reality. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues, it is important to hallmark the imprints the pandemic has made on science. AREAS COVERED This review covers the biology of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine formulations and trials, the concept of 'herd resistance,' and the vaccination divide. EXPERT OPINION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the landscape of medicine. The rapid approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has changed the culture of drug development and clinical approvals. This change is already leading to more accelerated trials. The RNA vaccines have opened the market for nucleic acid therapies and the applications are limitless - from cancer to influenza. A phenomenon that has occurred is that the low efficacy of current vaccines and the rapid mutation rate of the virus is preventing herd immunity from being attained. Instead, herd resistance is being acquired. Even with future, more effective vaccines, anti-vaccination attitudes will continue to challenge the quest for SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aishwarya Ganesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lara Milane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Ki YJ, Han SJ, Cha TJ, Lee JH, Seo EK, Yang JW, Hwang WM, Jin DK, Park JH, Ryu HY, Park CG, Lee JH, Choi SW, Cho EJ, Kim W. A Multi-Center, Prospective Observational Study to Investigate the Safety, Compliance, and Efficacy of Omethyl QTlet Soft Capsule. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236949. [PMID: 36498524 PMCID: PMC9738535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be effective in lowering triglyceride (TG) levels; however, tolerability issues arise due to the large size of the pills. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, compliance, and efficacy of Omethyl QTlet soft capsules (OQCs). This multi-center, prospective, observational study evaluated the safety, compliance, and efficacy of OQCs. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia with a history of omega-3 fatty acid intake were enrolled in this study and were prescribed OQCs (2 g−4 g/day) for eight weeks. All adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded for safety evaluation. Adherence to treatment was assessed using questionnaires, and efficacy was assessed by changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels after eight weeks from baseline. The convenience of taking medication was analyzed for 580 patients, and the efficacy test was performed for 563 patients. The AE and ADR rates were 8.2% and 5.7%, respectively. There were only two SAEs. Of the patients, 55.8% responded that the OQC improved medication convenience, and mean changes in TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C from baseline to eight weeks were −37.88 mg/dL, −11.56 mg/dL, −5.55 mg/dL, and −10.87 mg/dL, respectively (p-values < 0.001). In patients who had previously taken omega-3 fatty acids, OQCs showed safety and efficacy in lowering TG, and it was confirmed that compliance with medicine also improved compared to omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jeong Ki
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Endocrinology Center, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University Medical Center, Goyang 10475, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyo Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Min Hwang
- Divsion of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Ryu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Wan Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Brain Hospital, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-8170
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Depasse F, Binder NB, Mueller J, Wissel T, Schwers S, Germer M, Hermes B, Turecek PL. Thrombin generation assays are versatile tools in blood coagulation analysis: A review of technical features, and applications from research to laboratory routine. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2907-2917. [PMID: 34525255 PMCID: PMC9291770 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin is the pivotal enzyme in the biochemistry of secondary hemostasis crucial to maintaining homeostasis of hemostasis. In contrast to routine coagulation tests (PT or aPTT) or procoagulant or anticoagulant factor assays (e.g. fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin or protein C), the thrombin generation assay (TGA), also named thrombin generation test (TGT) is a so-called "global assay" that provides a picture of the hemostasis balance though a continuous and simultaneous measurement of thrombin formation and inhibition. First described in the early 1950s, as a manual assay, efforts have been made in order to standardize and automate the assay to offer researchers, clinical laboratories and the pharmaceutical industry a versatile tool covering a wide range of clinical and non-clinical applications. This review describes technical options offered to properly run TGA, including a review of preanalytical and analytical items, performance, interpretation, and applications in physiology research and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaus B. Binder
- Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbHViennaAustria
| | - Julia Mueller
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbHMarburgGermany
| | - Thomas Wissel
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbHMarburgGermany
| | | | | | - Björn Hermes
- DIN e.V. – DIN Standards Committee Medicine (NAMed)BerlinGermany
| | - Peter L. Turecek
- Baxalta Innovations GmbHPart of the Takeda group of companiesViennaAustria
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Possible Risk of Thrombotic Events following Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccination in Women Receiving Estrogen. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7702863. [PMID: 34734086 PMCID: PMC8560237 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7702863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People who receive the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, particularly perimenopausal women who are on birth control or postmenopausal women who take estrogen supplements, may experience thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Estrogen and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine both have the potential to cause thrombus in different ways. Some postmenopausal women who are also taking estrogens may develop thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Therefore, women are encouraged to stop taking drugs containing estrogen before receiving this vaccine. Furthermore, consuming fish oil can help reduce the risk of developing blood clots among women who are in the luteal phase and, thus, have high estrogen levels. In addition, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19's side effects in young women could be mitigated by administering it during the follicular phase.
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Golanski J, Szymanska P, Rozalski M. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites on Haemostasis-Current Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052394. [PMID: 33673634 PMCID: PMC7957531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) in cardioprotection are widely known and generally accepted. In this literature review, we have focused on the known and postulated mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites on various components of the haemostatic system, in particular on blood platelets and endothelium. We have also made an attempt to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies with particular regard to clinical trials. Notably, the results of these studies are contradictory, and some of them failed to report the beneficial effects of taking or supplementing omega-3 PUFAs in the diet. A potential explanation, in our opinion, could be the need to use higher doses of omega-3 PUFAs and a proper ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs. An additional problem which is difficult to solve is the use of a proper neutral placebo for interventional studies. Despite some controversies regarding the beneficial effects of supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs in cardiovascular disease, our review suggests that a promising aspect of future studies and applications is to focus on the anti-thrombotic properties of these compounds. An argument supporting this assumption is the recent use of omega-3 PUFAs as a supporting tool for the treatment of COVID-19 complications.
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8
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Keating CE, Browne KD, Cullen DK. Dietary manipulation of vulnerability to traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal plasma membrane permeability. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113649. [PMID: 33600812 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can produce physical disruptions in the plasma membranes of neurons, referred to as mechanoporation, which lead to increased cell permeability. We suspect that such trauma-induced membrane disruptions may be influenced by the physical properties of the plasma membrane, such as elasticity or rigidity. These membrane properties are influenced by lipid composition, which can be modulated via diet, leading to the intriguing possibility of prophylactically altering diet to confer resiliency to this mechanism of acute neuronal damage in TBI. In this proof-of-concept study, we used three different diets-one high in polyunsaturated fatty acids suggested to increase elasticity (Fish Oil), one high in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol suggested to increase rigidity (High Fat), and one standard rat chow (Control)-to alter brain plasma membrane lipid composition before subjecting rats to lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI). Lipid analysis (n = 12 rats) confirmed that diets altered brain fatty acid composition after 4 weeks of feeding, with the Fish Oil diet increasing unsaturated fatty acids, and interestingly, the High Fat diet increasing omega-6 docosapentaenoic acid. One cohort of animals (n = 34 rats) was assessed immediately after FPI or sham injury for acute changes in neuronal membrane permeability in the injury-adjacent cortex. Surprisingly, sham animals fed Fish Oil had increased membrane permeability, suggesting altered passive membrane properties. In contrast, injured animals fed the High Fat diet displayed less intense uptake of permeability marker, suggesting a reduced extent of injury-induced plasma membrane disruption, although the density of affected cells matched the other diet groups. In a separate cohort survived for 7 days after FPI (n = 48 rats), animals fed the High Fat diet exhibited a reduced lesion area. At both time points there were no statistically significant differences in inflammation. Unexpectedly, these results indicate that the High Fat diet, as opposed to the Fish Oil diet, beneficially modulated acute plasma membrane permeability and resulted in a smaller lesion size at 7 days post-injury. Additional studies are necessary to determine the impact of these various diets on behavioral outcomes post-TBI. Further investigation is also needed to understand the physical properties in neuronal plasma membranes that may underlie increased resiliency to trauma-induced disruptions and, importantly, to understand how these properties may be influenced by targeted dietary modifications for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Keating
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 19104, USA.
| | - Kevin D Browne
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 19104, USA.
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 19104, USA.
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Šunderić M, Robajac D, Gligorijević N, Miljuš G, Nedić O, Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Rudić-Grujić V, Penezić A. Is There Something Fishy About Fish Oil? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1747-1759. [PMID: 31298156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190705185800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is consumed as food worldwide and is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients required for a healthy life. Supplementation with fish oil has been adopted as a solution to prevent or cure many pathophysiological states and diseases by both the professionals and the civil population. The beneficial effects are, however, being questioned, as some controversial results were obtained in clinical and population studies. METHODS Critical evaluation of studies regarding known effects of fish oil, both in favour of its consumption and related controversies. RESULTS From the literature review, contradictory allegations about the positive action of the fish oil on human health emerged, so that a clear line about its beneficial effect cannot be withdrawn. CONCLUSION Scientific results on the application of fish oil should be taken with caution as there is still no standardised approach in testing its effects and there are significantly different baselines in respect to nutritional and other lifestyle habits of different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Šunderić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Robajac
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Miljuš
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Stip, R, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Stip, R, North Macedonia
| | - Vesna Rudić-Grujić
- Department of Hygiene and Human Health, Public Health Institute Republic of Srpska, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Penezić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Stupin M, Kibel A, Stupin A, Selthofer-Relatić K, Matić A, Mihalj M, Mihaljević Z, Jukić I, Drenjančević I. The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 31543828 PMCID: PMC6728652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Dermatology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Croatian National Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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11
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DiNicolantonio JJ, OKeefe J. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing platelet aggregation, coagulation and thrombosis. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001011. [PMID: 31218005 PMCID: PMC6546183 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James OKeefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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12
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Bagge A, Schött U, Kander T. High-dose omega-3 fatty acids have no effect on platelet aggregation or coagulation measured with static and flow-based aggregation instruments and Sonoclot; an observational study in healthy volunteers. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:539-545. [PMID: 30270671 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1516477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregation and coagulation is highly unclear. Studies both support and refute the impacts of omega-3 fatty acids on prolonged bleeding time and platelet inhibition as well as its purported positive effects on cardiovascular disease. In a previous pilot study we suggested an inhibition of platelet aggregation measured with multiple electrode aggregometry. Following on that, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of supplementary high doses of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregation and coagulation in a sample-size calculated number of healthy volunteers using Sonoclot, multiple electrode aggregometry, and flow-based Cellix instruments after 10 days of omega-3 fatty acid intake. Twelve healthy human volunteers ingested 2520 mg of supplementary omega-3 fatty acids per day for 10 days. Venous blood was sampled and platelet aggregation and coagulation were measured before and after the treatment period. The viscoelastic test instrument Sonoclot, multiple electrode aggregometry, and flow-based Cellix instruments with collagen-coated channels were used to evaluate platelet aggregation and coagulation. There were no differences in any of the measured variables after the treatment period as compared to before. In this well-powered study on healthy volunteers, no effects of high doses of omega-3 fatty acids after 10 days of intake could be demonstrated, either on coagulation or platelet function. Further studies are needed to clarify whether omega-3 fatty acids have a role in the regulation of the putative complex processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Bagge
- a Department of Clinical Sciences Lund , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulf Schött
- a Department of Clinical Sciences Lund , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care , Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Thomas Kander
- a Department of Clinical Sciences Lund , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.,b Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care , Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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Kander T, Lindblom E, Schött U. Dose-response effects of omega-3 on platelet aggregation: an observational study. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:5074-5082. [PMID: 30060687 PMCID: PMC6300962 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518789817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the dose-response effects of supplemental omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function in healthy volunteers. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers ingested a normal supplemental dose of 1260 mg omega-3 fatty acids daily for 5 days, followed by a high dose of 2520 mg daily for another 5 days. Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) with four different agonists was used to measure platelet aggregation before and after the normal- and high-dose regimes. In vitro spiking using physiological doses of omega-3 fatty acids was also performed to determine whether MEA is capable of detecting a platelet-inhibiting effect due to omega-3 fatty acids. RESULTS There were no differences in platelet aggregation measured by the MEA assay in healthy volunteers after intake of either the normal or high dose of omega-3 fatty acids. In the in vitro experiment, a platelet-inhibiting effect of omega-3 fatty acids was shown by an arachidonic acid agonist in MEA . CONCLUSIONS Supplemental omega-3 fatty acids do not evoke their positive health effects through inhibition of platelet aggregation measurable with MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kander
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2 Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindblom
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Schött
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2 Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Carr JA. Role of Fish Oil in Post-Cardiotomy Bleeding: A Summary of the Basic Science and Clinical Trials. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105:1563-1567. [PMID: 29627068 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids are widely used. This article reviews the coagulopathic effects of fish oil. METHODS A review was performed of all English articles that addressed the topic from 1980 to 2017. RESULTS Fish oil induces an in vitro coagulopathy in humans due to inhibitory effects in platelet-to-platelet adhesion and platelet-stimulated thrombin generation. The effect from fish oil alone is weak, but it is enhanced and may become clinically noticeable in patients taking antiplatelet therapy, and, to a lesser extent, in patients on factor Xa inhibitors and warfarin. In the absence of other anticoagulants, fish oil alone is not capable of producing a clinically significant coagulopathy that would induce or contribute to surgical bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Patients who are taking fish oil without other anticoagulants do not have an increased risk of bleeding surgical complications. Because of the highly variable amounts of actual eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in commercially available supplements, thromboelastography with platelet mapping would allow a surgeon to know if a coagulopathic effect is present in a patient taking fish oil, especially if the patient was also taking other anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alfred Carr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan.
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15
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Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, Meyer ES, Veldman AJ, Mast KA, West JL, Whiteheart SW, Holinstat M, Larson MK. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets 2017; 30:271-279. [PMID: 29286871 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with a variety of cellular alterations that mitigate cardiovascular disease. However, pinpointing the positive therapeutic effects is challenging due to inconsistent clinical trial results and overly simplistic in vitro studies. Here we aimed to develop realistic models of n-3 PUFA effects on platelet function so that preclinical results can better align with and predict clinical outcomes. Human platelets incubated with the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were stimulated with agonist combinations mirroring distinct regions of a growing thrombus. Platelet responses were then monitored in a number of ex-vivo functional assays. Furthermore, intravital microscopy was used to monitor arterial thrombosis and fibrin deposition in mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. We found that n-3 PUFA treatment had minimal effects on many basic ex-vivo measures of platelet function using agonist combinations. However, n-3 PUFA treatment delayed platelet-derived thrombin generation in both humans and mice. This impaired thrombin production paralleled a reduced platelet accumulation within thrombi formed in either small arterioles or larger arteries of mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet, without impacting P-selectin exposure. Despite an apparent lack of robust effects in many ex-vivo assays of platelet function, increased exposure to n-3 PUFAs reduces platelet-mediated thrombin generation and attenuates elements of thrombus formation. These data support the cardioprotective value of-3 PUFAs and strongly suggest that they modify elements of platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Ellen M Voigt
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Jordan L Bormann
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Kaitlynn N Foss
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Luke J Hurley
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Evan S Meyer
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Amber J Veldman
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Katherine A Mast
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Joshua L West
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- c Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Mark K Larson
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
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16
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Bonutti PM, Sodhi N, Patel YH, Sultan AA, Khlopas A, Chughtai M, Kolisek FR, Williams N, Mont MA. Novel venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) prophylaxis for total knee arthroplasty-aspirin and fish oil. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:S30. [PMID: 29299477 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the demonstrated success of multiple anticoagulation therapies for post-operative prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease in lower extremity arthroplasties, each modality comes with a unique set of limitations. Thus, the ideal anticoagulation medication which provides adequate therapy with minimal cost, complications, or added patient work is yet to be defined. One promising novel thrombophylactic supplement is fish oil, as many preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated a protective effect of fish oil against thrombosis in multiple clinical settings. In addition, others have demonstrated synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. However, there are paucity of studies that compared combined aspirin and fish oil therapy for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with other pharmacological agents, especially in the field of orthopaedics. Therefore, this study evaluated: (I) risk of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and (II) bleeding complications; among patients who had primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and received one of the following regimens: (i) 325 mg aspirin and mechanical pulsatile stocking; (ii) rivaroxaban; or (iii) 325 mg aspirin and 1,000 mg fish oil. Methods This was a 6-year prospective study analyzing the postoperative thromboembolic prophylaxis received by patients who underwent primary TKA. Patients who had a previous history of thromboembolic disease were excluded from the study due to an increased risk of recurrent clot formation. A total of 850 patients were enrolled. A total of 300 patients enrolled between October 2011 and June 2013 received 325 mg aspirin and mechanical pulsatile stocking, while 250 patients enrolled between June 2013 and December 2014 received rivaroxaban. A total of 300 patients enrolled between January 2015 and July 2017 received 325 mg aspirin and 1,000 mg fish oil. Major venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and bleeding complications within the first 90 days post-operatively were recorded in each cohort. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for thromboembolic and bleeding events were calculated and compared between the aspirin and fish oil cohort vs. aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort, and aspirin and fish oil cohort vs. rivaroxaban cohort. A P value of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results A total of 25 DVT events were recorded including 1 of 300 (0.33%) in the aspirin and fish oil cohort, 22 of 300 (7.33%) in the aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort and 2 of 250 (0.8%) in the rivaroxaban cohort. When comparing ORs, patients who received aspirin and fish oil demonstrated significantly lower risk for thromboembolic events when compared to the aspirin and pulsatile stocking group (OR: 0.045; 95% CI: 0.0061-0.3394; P<0.05). When compared to the rivaroxaban cohort the ORs did not differ significantly (OR: 0.416; 95% CI: 0.0376-4.6223; P>0.05). In addition, no PE events were recorded in any of the cohorts. When compared to rivaroxaban, the fish oil and aspirin cohort demonstrated significantly lower incidence of bleeding episodes (1 of 300, 0.33% vs. 30 of 250 patients, 12%; OR: 0.0278; 95% CI: 0.0038-0.2051; P<0.05). No bleeding events were recorded in the aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort. Conclusions This study demonstrated the potentially synergistic anti-thromboembolic effect of aspirin and fish oil in the prevention of post-operative venous thromboembolism in primary TKA patients. Based on the results from this study, the authors conclude that the combination of aspirin and fish oil maybe an excellent thromboprophylactic modality for patients to use after TKA. These results warrant further, larger prospective studies analyzing the use of fish oil supplements in VTE prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Bonutti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bonutti Clinic, Effingham, Illinois, USA
| | - Nipun Sodhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yatindra H Patel
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Assem A Sultan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anton Khlopas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Morad Chughtai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank R Kolisek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OrthoIndy, Greenwood, IN, USA
| | - Nick Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bonutti Clinic, Effingham, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Berger R, Hammer A, Hutuleac R, Koppensteiner R, Kopp C, Steiner S, Moertl D. Dose-dependent decrease of platelet activation and tissue factor by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with advanced chronic heart failure. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:457-65. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-03-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryChronic heart failure (CHF) is characterised by activation of neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, and both are linked to a prothrombotic state. Treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) showed significant benefits including mortality reduction in CHF, but exact mechanisms of action are still unclear. We investigated the effects of n3-PUFA on markers of platelet activation and thrombogenesis in patients with severe CHF. Thirty-six patients with non-ischaemic CHF (LVEF<35%, NYHA class>2) under optimised therapy were randomised to supplementation with 1g/day or 4g/day n3-PUFA, or placebo for 12 weeks. Using whole-blood flow cytometry, monocyteplatelet aggregates characterised by CD14+/CD42b+ co-expression and monocytic tissue factor (TF) were determined. Plasma levels of P-selectin, sCD40L, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment F1.2, TF and proinflammatory markers (high sensitive[hs] interleukin-6, hsCRP, hsTNFalpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1) were measured by immunoassay. Supplementation with 1g/day and 4g/day n3-PUFA but not placebo significantly reduced monocyte-platelet aggregates in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend=0.02 across the groups). A dose of 4g/day but not 1g/day n3-PUFA significantly decreased P-selectin (p=0.03). Plasma TF decreased dose-dependently upon n3-PUFA supplementation (p for trend=0.02), paralleled by a significant decrease of TF+-monocytes (p for trend=0.01). The amount of 4g/day n3-PUFA exhibited modest anti-inflammatory effects with a significant reduction of hs interleukin-6 (p<0.01) and a trend-wise reduction of hsTNF-alpha (p=0.09). No changes were seen for sCD40L, fibrinogen, hsCRP and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, while F1.2 was decreased by 4g/day n3-PUFA (P=0.03). In patients with severe non-ischaemic CHF, treatment with n3-PUFA leads to a dose-dependent decrease of platelet activation and TF. Higher dosage exhibits also anti-inflammatory effects.* ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00149409
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Awoda S, Daak AA, Husain NE, Ghebremeskel K, Elbashir MI. Coagulation profile of Sudanese children with homozygous sickle cell disease and the effect of treatment with omega-3 fatty acid on the coagulation parameters. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 29152307 PMCID: PMC5679360 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-017-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been reported that patients with SCD do have an abnormal coagulation profile. Coagulopathy is thought to be one of the key factors that contribute to the vaso-occlusive crisis that characterises sickle cell disease (SCD). In this study, we investigated whether Sudanese sickle cell patients have an abnormal coagulation profile. In addition, the effect of treatment with either omega-3 fatty acids or hydroxyurea on coagulation profile was assessed. Methods Homozygous SCD patients untreated (n = 52), omega-3 treated (n = 44), hydroxyurea (HU) treated (n = 8) and healthy (HbAA) controls (n = 52) matched for age (4–20 years), gender and socioeconomic status were enrolled. Patients on omega-3 fatty acids, according to age, received one to four capsules containing 277.8 mg DHA and 39.0 mg eicosapentnoic. Patients on Hydroxyurea were in on dosage more than 20 mg/kg/day. The steady state levels of the coagulation parameters and the effect of the treatments with either HU or omega-3 fatty acids on markers of coagulation were investigated. Results Compared to the healthy controls, treated and untreated HbSS patients had lower hemoglobin, plasma Protein C, proteins S and higher white blood cell count (WBC), platelets count (PLTs) and plasma D-dimer levels,(p < 0.05). In comparison to untreated HbSS, treatment with neither omega-3 nor HU had effect on the WBC, plasma proteins C and S, (p > 0.05). HU treated group had a lower PLTs count compared to HbSS untreated group (p < 0.5). The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times and international normalized ratio (INR) of untreated patients are significantly higher than n-3 treated, HU-treated patients and health controls, (p < 0.05). Patients treated with omega-3 had lowered D-dimer levels in comparison to HU-treated and untreated HbSS patients, (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides evidence that Sudanes patients have abnormal coagulation profile and treatment with either HU or omega-3 fatty acids might partially ameliorate SCD-associated chronic coagulopathic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Awoda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Alghasr Street, Khartoum, Sudan.,College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University of Science& Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed A Daak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Alghasr Street, Khartoum, Sudan.,Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CMBB), Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Boca Raton, USA.,Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Nazik Elmalaika Husain
- College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University of Science& Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kebreab Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Mustafa I Elbashir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Alghasr Street, Khartoum, Sudan
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Westgarth S, Blois SL, D. Wood R, Verbrugghe A, Ma DW. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and aspirin, alone and combined, on canine platelet function. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:272-280. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Westgarth
- Department of Clinical Studies; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontaria N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - S. L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontaria N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - R. D. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontaria N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - A. Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontaria N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - D. W. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontaria N1G 2W1 Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Populations with significant dietary fish intake tend to have lower cardiovascular (CV) risk and demonstrable physiologic differences including lower lipid/lipoprotein levels and other direct and indirect effects on the arterial wall and inhibiting factors that promote atherosclerosis. Treatment with high doses of pharmacologic-grade omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplements achieves significant reductions in triglycerides (TG), non-high-density lipoprotein- (non-HDL-) and TG-rich lipoprotein- (TRL-) cholesterol levels. n-3FA supplements have significant effects on markers of atherosclerosis risk including endothelial function, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, cellular and humoral markers of inflammation, hemodynamic factors, and plaque stabilization. This review summarizes the lipid and cardiometabolic effects of prescription-grade n-3FAs and will discuss clinical trials, national/organizational guidelines, and expert opinion on the impact of supplemental n-3FAs on CV health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trial evidence supports use of n-3FAs in individuals with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but the data either does not support or is lacking for other types of cardiometabolic risk including prevention of stroke, treatment in patients with heart failure, diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, and for primary prevention in the general population. Despite inconsistent findings to support widespread benefit, there is persistent population-wide enthusiasm for n-3FA as a dietary supplement for its cardiometabolic benefits. Fortunately, there are ongoing clinical trials to assess whether the lipid/lipoprotein benefits may be extended to other at-risk populations and whether lower-dose therapy may provide background benefit for primary prevention of ASCVD.
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El-Yazbi AF, El-Hawiet A. Novel Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Quantification of Fish and Wheat Germ Oils Mixture in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:497-507. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tanka-Salamon A, Komorowicz E, Szabó L, Tenekedjiev K, Kolev K. Free Fatty Acids Modulate Thrombin Mediated Fibrin Generation Resulting in Less Stable Clots. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167806. [PMID: 27942000 PMCID: PMC5152833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon platelet activation, free fatty acids are released at the stage of thrombus formation, but their effects on fibrin formation are largely unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the kinetic effects of fatty acids on thrombin activity, as well as the structural and mechanical properties of the resultant fibrin clots. Thrombin activity on fibrinogen was followed by turbidimetry and detailed kinetic characterization was performed using a fluorogenic short peptide substrate. The viscoelastic properties of fibrin were measured with rotatory oscillation rheometer, whereas its structure was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In turbidimetric assays of fibrin generation, oleate and stearate at physiologically relevant concentrations (60–600 μM) produced a bell-shaped inhibitory dose response, increasing 10- to 30-fold the time to half-maximal clotting. Oleate inhibited thrombin activity on a short peptide substrate according to a mixed-type inhibitor pattern (a 9-fold increase of the Michaelis constant, Km and a 20% decrease of the catalytic constant), whereas stearate resulted in only a minor (15%) drop in the catalytic constant without any change in the Km. Morphometric analysis of SEM images showed a 73% increase in the median fiber diameter in the presence of stearate and a 20% decrease in the presence of oleate. Concerning the viscoelastic parameters of the clots, storage and loss moduli, maximal viscosity and critical shear stress decreased by 32–65% in the presence of oleate or stearate, but loss tangent did not change indicating decreased rigidity, higher deformability and decreased internal resistance to shear stress. Our study provides evidence that free fatty acids (at concentrations comparable to those reported in thrombi) reduce the mechanical stability of fibrin through modulation of thrombin activity and the pattern of fibrin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tanka-Salamon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Komorowicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- IMEC, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kiril Tenekedjiev
- Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Australia
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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The Use of Fish Oil with Warfarin Does Not Significantly Affect either the International Normalised Ratio or Incidence of Adverse Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090578. [PMID: 27657121 PMCID: PMC5037562 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Warfarin is a leading anticoagulant in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Drug interactions influence the safety of warfarin use and while extensive literature exists regarding the effect on warfarin control and bleeding incidence with many medicines, there is little evidence on the influence of complementary medicines. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of fish and krill oil supplementation on warfarin control and bleeding incidence in AF and DVT patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilising patient information from a large private pathology clinic. AF and DVT patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy (>30 days) at the clinic and taking fish and krill oil supplements were eligible for study inclusion. Results: Of the 2081 patients assessed, a total of 573 warfarin users met the inclusion criteria with 145 patients in the fish and krill oil group (supplement group) and 428 patients in the control group. Overall, it was found that fish and krill oils did not significantly alter warfarin time in therapeutic range (TTR) or bleeding incidence, even when compared by gender. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation with fish and krill oil does not significantly affect long-term warfarin control and bleeding and thromboembolic events when consumed concurrently in patients managed at an anticoagulation clinic.
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Abstract
Over the past decades, extensive studies have addressed the therapeutic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) against different human diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc. A growing body of scientific research shows the pharmacokinetic information and safety of these natural occurring substances. Moreover, during recent years, a plethora of studies has demonstrated that omega-3 FAs possess therapeutic role against certain types of cancer. It is also known that omega-3 FAs can improve efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy. Previous reports showed that suppression of nuclear factor-κB, activation of AMPK/SIRT1, modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and up-regulation of novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as protectins, maresins, and resolvins, are the main mechanisms of antineoplastic effect of omega-3 FAs. In this review, we have collected the available clinical data on the therapeutic role of omega-3 FAs against breast cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, as well as cancer cachexia. We also discussed the chemistry, dietary source, and bioavailability of omega-3 FAs, and the potential molecular mechanisms of anticancer and adverse effects.
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Diet and haemostasis — A comprehensive overview. Blood Rev 2015; 29:231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Leslie MA, Cohen DJA, Liddle DM, Robinson LE, Ma DWL. A review of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood triacylglycerol levels in normolipidemic and borderline hyperlipidemic individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:53. [PMID: 26048287 PMCID: PMC4488064 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of triacylglycerol (TG) is a recognized risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death worldwide. The Institute of Medicine and the American Heart Association both recommend the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to reduce serum TG in hyperlipidemic individuals. Additionally, a number of systematic reviews have shown that individuals with any degree of dyslipidemia, elevated serum TG and/or cholesterol, may benefit from a 20-30 % reduction in serum TG after consuming n-3 PUFA derived from marine sources. Given that individuals with serum lipid levels ranging from healthy to borderline dyslipidemic constitute a large portion of the population, the focus of this review was to assess the potential for n-3 PUFA consumption to reduce serum TG in such individuals. A total of 1341 studies were retrieved and 38 clinical intervention studies, assessing 2270 individuals, were identified for inclusion in the current review. In summary, a 9-26 % reduction in circulating TG was demonstrated in studies where ≥ 4 g/day of n-3 PUFA were consumed from either marine or EPA/DHA-enriched food sources, while a 4-51 % reduction was found in studies where 1–5 g/day of EPA and/or DHA was consumed through supplements. Overall, this review summarizes the current evidence with regards to the beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on circulating TG levels in normolipidemic to borderline hyperlipidemic, otherwise healthy, individuals. Thus demonstrating that n-3 PUFA may play an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Leslie
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Room 342, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - Daniel J A Cohen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Room 342, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Room 342, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Room 342, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Animal Science/Nutrition Building, Room 342, 491 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
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The effects of eating marine- or vegetable-fed farmed trout on the human plasma proteome profiles of healthy men. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:699-707. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most human intervention studies have examined the effects on a subset of risk factors, some of which may require long-term exposure. The plasma proteome may reflect the underlying changes in protein expression and activation, and this could be used to identify early risk markers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of regular fish intake on the plasma proteome. We recruited thirty healthy men aged 40 to 70 years, who were randomly allocated to a daily meal of chicken or trout raised on vegetable or marine feeds. Blood samples were collected before and after 8 weeks of intervention, and after the removal of the twelve most abundant proteins, plasma proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots < 66 kDa with a pI >4·3 visualised by silver staining were matched by two-dimensional imaging software. Within-subject changes in spots were compared between the treatment groups. Differentially affected spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight/time of flight MS and the human Swiss-Prot database. We found 23/681 abundant plasma protein spots, which were up- or down-regulated by the dietary treatment (P< 0·05, q< 0·30), and eighteen of these were identified. In each trout group, ten spots differed from those in subjects given the chicken meal, but only three of these were common, and only one spot differed between the two trout groups. In both groups, the affected plasma proteins were involved in biological processes such as regulation of vitamin A and haem transport, blood fibrinolysis and oxidative defence. Thus, regular fish intake affects the plasma proteome, and the changes may indicate novel mechanisms of effect.
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Gidding SS, Prospero C, Hossain J, Zappalla F, Balagopal P(B, Falkner B, Kwiterovich P. A double-blind randomized trial of fish oil to lower triglycerides and improve cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. J Pediatr 2014; 165:497-503.e2. [PMID: 25008950 PMCID: PMC5646219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of 4 g/day fish oil to lower triglycerides and impact lipoprotein particles, inflammation, insulin resistance, coagulation, and thrombosis. STUDY DESIGN Participants (n = 42, age 14 ± 2 years) with hypertriglyceridemia and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol <160 mg/dL were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing 4 g of fish oil daily with placebo. Treatment interval was 8 weeks with a 4-week washout. Lipid profile, lipoprotein particle distribution and size, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and thrombin generation were measured. RESULTS Baseline lipid profile was total cholesterol 194 (5.4) mg/dL (mean [SE]), triglycerides 272 (21) mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 39 (1) mg/dL, and LDL cholesterol 112 (3.7) mg/dl. LDL particle number was 1614 (60) nmol/L, LDL size was 19.9 (1.4) nm, and large very low-density lipoprotein/chylomicron particle number was 9.6 (1.4) nmol/L. Triglycerides decreased on fish oil treatment but the difference was not significant compared with placebo (-52 ± 16 mg/dL vs -16 ± 16 mg/dL). Large very low-density lipoprotein particle number was reduced (-5.83 ± 1.29 nmol/L vs -0.96 ± 1.31 nmol/L; P < .0001). There was no change in LDL particle number or size. There was a trend towards a lower prothrombotic state (lower fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; .10 > P > .05); no other group differences were seen. CONCLUSIONS In children, fish oil (4 g/day) lowers triglycerides slightly and may have an antithrombotic effect but has no effect on LDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Gidding
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carol Prospero
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Frances Zappalla
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Prabhakaran (Babu) Balagopal
- Department of Research, The Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Bonita Falkner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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El-Gendy AA, Abbas AM. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on haemostatic functions in urocortin-treated obese rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:809-20. [PMID: 25062615 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin 1 (UCN1) decreases food intake. We investigated the effects of UCN1 and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on metabolic and coagulation parameters in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups; control, HFD, HFD with omega-3 FA, HFD with UCN1, and HFD with UCN1 and omega-3 FA. Food intake, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrin degradation product (FDP), clotting time, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and platelet aggregation were measured. Food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, PAI-1, and FDP increased while bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT decreased in HFD rats. UCN1 decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, bleeding and clotting times, PT, and aPTT and increased fibrinogen, PAI-1, FDP, and platelet aggregation in HFD rats. Omega-3 FA decreased food intake, BW, BMI, Lee index, platelet aggregation, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and increased HDL and bleeding time in HFD rats. We concluded that UCN1 worsens the hypercoagulable state in HFD rats while omega-3 FA improve the insulin resistance and decrease the platelet aggregation in those rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Gendy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, PO box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Phang M, Scorgie FE, Seldon M, Garg ML, Lincz LF. Reduction of prothrombin and Factor V levels following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids is sex dependent: a randomised controlled study. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:997-1002. [PMID: 24997005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCn-3PUFA comprised of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) offer cardioprotection involving a decrease in coagulant activity; however, the evidence is equivocal. We have previously demonstrated that the acute (24 h) effects and chronic (4 weeks) effects of LCn-3PUFA supplementation on platelet aggregation in human subjects are sex specific. This study investigated the mechanisms of the sex-dependent effects of LCn-3PUFA with 4 weeks supplementation of EPA-rich vs. DHA-rich oils on procoagulant and platelet activity in healthy subjects. DESIGN A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial was conducted in 94 healthy adults: male (n=41) and female (n=53). Platelet coagulation parameters including factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, vWF:Ag and endogenous thrombin potential were measured at baseline and 4 weeks postsupplementation with EPA-rich or DHA-rich oil capsules. RESULTS We have previously reported that platelet aggregation is specifically reduced by supplementation with EPA in males and DHA in females. This sex-specific effect was also observed for decreases in plasma levels of Factor II (-7.9 ± 3.8%, P=.026), Factor V (-6.5 ± 4.5%, P=.022) and vWF:Ag (-7.3 ± 2.1%, P=.034) and was most pronounced in males supplemented with EPA. In contrast, DHA-mediated reduction in platelet aggregation in females was not accompanied by any significant changes in the coagulation parameters tested. CONCLUSION Significant interactions between sex and specific LCn-3PUFA exist to reduce procoagulant activity differentially in males vs. females and could have profound effects on managing risk of thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Fiona E Scorgie
- Hunter Haematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Michael Seldon
- Hunter Haematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Lisa F Lincz
- Hunter Haematology Research Group, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
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n-3 Fatty acids affect haemostasis but do not increase the risk of bleeding: clinical observations and mechanistic insights. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1652-62. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451300425x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
n-3 Fatty acids (EPA and DHA, from fish oil) are essential fatty acids that are approved for the treatment of severe hypertriacylglycerolaemia and, in some countries, used for reducing the risk of CVD. Because of their inhibitory effects on platelet function, some practitioners have, perhaps unnecessarily, discontinued their use in patients undergoing invasive procedures or being treated with anti-platelet or anticoagulation drugs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the effects ofn-3 fatty acids on bleeding complications in a wide variety of clinical settings, and to summarise their biochemical mechanism of action in platelet function and coagulation. We surveyed recent publications that either directly studied the effects ofn-3 fatty acids on the risk of bleeding or focused on different end-points and also reported the effects on bleeding.n-3 Fatty acid treatment had no effect on the risk of clinically significant bleeding in either monotherapy or combination therapy settings. Although originally believed to operate primarily via the cyclo-oxygenase system, these fatty acids have been shown to affect multiple signalling pathways and thrombotic processes beyond simply affecting platelet aggregation. The present overview found no support for discontinuing the use ofn-3 fatty acid treatment before invasive procedures or when given in combination with other agents that affect bleeding. On the contrary, the use of these fatty acids in several settings improved clinical outcomes.
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Bays HE, Tighe AP, Sadovsky R, Davidson MH. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:391-409. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nehra D, Fallon EM, Potemkin AK, Voss SD, Mitchell PD, Valim C, Belfort MB, Bellinger DC, Duggan C, Gura KM, Puder M. A comparison of 2 intravenous lipid emulsions: interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:693-701. [PMID: 23770843 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113492549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of a fish oil-based intravenous fat emulsion (FIFE) in reducing the incidence of cholestasis in neonates compared with the traditional soybean oil-based intravenous fat emulsion (SIFE). METHODS A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Nineteen neonates were enrolled (10 SIFE; 9 FIFE). Nutrition assessments and laboratory studies were serially obtained for the duration of PN support or until 6 months' corrected gestational age. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 6 and 24 months' corrected age. RESULTS There were no differences between groups in demographic characteristics, with an overall median age of 2 days, gestational age of 36 weeks, and birth weight of 2410 g. There were no differences between groups in baseline laboratory values other than alkaline phosphatase (lower in the FIFE group) or in the duration of parenteral nutrition (PN), amount of enteral intake, or the number of operative procedures. The incidence of cholestasis among enrolled patients was significantly lower than expected, resulting in early study termination and an inability to assess for differences in the incidence of cholestasis. The FIFE was associated with no increased risk of growth impairment, coagulopathy, infectious complications, hypertriglyceridemia, or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. No patient developed essential fatty acid deficiency. CONCLUSION The FIFE at 1 g/kg/d was well tolerated in the neonates recruited for this study. Given the necessary early termination of this study, a follow-up trial with revised eligibility criteria is necessary to determine whether the provision of FIFE decreases the incidence of PN-cholestasis compared with the traditional SIFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Nehra
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica M Fallon
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis K Potemkin
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Department of Statistics and the Clinical Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Statistics and the Clinical Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Duggan
- Division of Gastroenterology/Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liang S, Steffen LM, Steffen BT, Guan W, Weir NL, Rich SS, Manichaikul A, Vargas JD, Tsai MY. APOE genotype modifies the association between plasma omega-3 fatty acids and plasma lipids in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:181-7. [PMID: 23466070 PMCID: PMC3640761 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benefits of fish oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) on plasma lipid profiles have been inconsistent but may partially depend on individual Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. We aimed to determine whether APOE genotype modifies the association of lipid profile characteristics with plasma EPA and DHA levels. METHODS APOE genotype was determined in this cross-sectional analysis of 2340 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Relative plasma phospholipid EPA and DHA levels, plasma lipids, and lipoprotein subclass particle sizes and concentrations were measured. RESULTS Significant gene-EPA interactions were found with HDL-C, and particle concentrations of large and total HDL (p(interaction) = 0.0002, 0.006, and 0.007, respectively). The above lipid targets were positively associated with EPA in the E2 groups, whereas negative trends were observed among the E4 participants. Gene-DHA interactions were noted for small LDL particle concentrations alone (p(interaction) = 0.01), where a positive trend was found among E4 but not E2 or E3 participants. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a significant contribution of the APOE genotype to the EPA-lipid profile relationship; however, the results do not explain the differences in previous findings regarding LDL-C, triglycerides or total cholesterol. Future investigators examining the effects of EPA on HDL-C or lipoprotein characteristics may consider including APOE genotype in their analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Brian T. Steffen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Natalie L. Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Jose D. Vargas
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Nergiz-Ünal R, Kuijpers MJ, de Witt SM, Heeneman S, Feijge MA, Garcia Caraballo SC, Biessen EA, Haenen GR, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Atheroprotective effect of dietary walnut intake in ApoE-deficient mice: Involvement of lipids and coagulation factors. Thromb Res 2013; 131:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Peter S, Chopra S, Jacob JJ. A fish a day, keeps the cardiologist away! - A review of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the cardiovascular system. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:422-429. [PMID: 23869297 PMCID: PMC3712371 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and its consequences are emerging as epidemics with deleterious consequences on cardiovascular (CV) health. The beneficial effects of omega-3-fatty acids on cardiac and extra cardiac organs have been extensively studied in the last two decades, and continue to show great promise in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Omega-3-fatty acid supplementation has been proven to have beneficial action on lipid profile, cytokine cascade, oxidant-anti-oxidant balance, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone and nitric oxide synthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the basis of its cardiac and non-cardiac benefits, present results from clinical trials and the recommendations for its use in cardiac diseases and dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Peter
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Chopra
- lDepartment of Cardiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jubbin J. Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Davison KM, Kaplan BJ. Nutrient- and non-nutrient-based natural health product (NHP) use in adults with mood disorders: prevalence, characteristics and potential for exposure to adverse events. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:80. [PMID: 23570306 PMCID: PMC3626531 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address knowledge gaps regarding natural health product (NHP) usage in mental health populations, we examined their use in adults with mood disorders, and explored the potential for adverse events. METHODS Food and NHP intake was obtained from 97 adults with mood disorders. NHP data was used to compare prevalence with population norms (British Columbia Nutrition Survey; BCNS). Bivariate and regression analyses examined factors associated with NHP use. Assessment of potential adverse effects of NHP use was based on comparing nutrient intakes from food plus supplements with the Dietary Reference Intakes and by reviewing databases for reported adverse health effects. RESULTS Two-thirds (66%; 95% CI 56 to 75) were taking at least one NHP; 58% (95% CI 47 to 68) were taking NHPs in combination with psychiatric medications. The proportion of each type of NHP used was generally higher than the BCNS (range of p's < 0.05 to 0.0001). When intakes from food and NHP sources were combined, a small proportion exceeded any Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Levels: only for niacin (n = 17) and magnesium (n = 6), two nutrients for which the potential for adverse effects is minimal. Conversely, about 38% (95% CI 28 to 49) of the sample were taking a non-nutrient based NHP for which previous adverse events had been documented. CONCLUSIONS The prevalent use of NHPs in this population suggests that health care providers need to be knowledgeable about their characteristics. The efficacy and safety of NHPs in relation to mental health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bonnie J Kaplan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Kataoka Y, Uno K, Puri R, Nicholls SJ. Epanova® and hypertriglyceridemia: pharmacological mechanisms and clinical efficacy. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:177-86. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While LDL-cholesterol lowering has become the cornerstone of cardiovascular risk reduction strategies, considerable interest in additional targeting of hypertriglyceridemia continues. While ω-3 fatty acids are commonly used in clinical practice for triglyceride lowering, no large-scale clinical trial evaluating their impact on clinical events has been performed. As a result, there remains a lack of consensus with regards to their optimal clinical use. Epanova® (Omthera Pharmaceuticals Inc., NJ, USA) is a novel ω-3 free fatty acid formulation, developed to maximize eicosapentenoic acid and docosahexenoic acid bioavailability with low-fat diets, suggesting a potential therapeutic advantage compared with ω-3-acid ethyl esters in the treatment of patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Additional human studies are needed to define more clearly the cellular and molecular basis for the triglyceride-lowering effects of Epanova and this drug’s favorable cardiovascular effects, particularly in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kataoka
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Level 9, 121 King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kiyoko Uno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rishi Puri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Level 9, 121 King William Street, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Larson MK, Tormoen GW, Weaver LJ, Luepke KJ, Patel IA, Hjelmen CE, Ensz NM, McComas LS, McCarty OJT. Exogenous modification of platelet membranes with the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA reduces platelet procoagulant activity and thrombus formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C273-9. [PMID: 23174566 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in inhibition of normal platelet function, suggesting a role for platelets in EPA- and DHA-mediated cardioprotection. However, it is unclear whether the cardioprotective mechanisms arise from alterations to platelet-platelet, platelet-matrix, or platelet-coagulation factor interactions. Our previous results led us to hypothesize that EPA and DHA alter the ability of platelets to catalyze the generation of thrombin. We tested this hypothesis by exogenously modifying platelet membranes with EPA and DHA, which resulted in compositional changes analogous to increased dietary EPA and DHA intake. Platelets treated with EPA and DHA showed reductions in the rate of thrombin generation and exposure of platelet phosphatidylserine. In addition, treatment of platelets with EPA and DHA decreased thrombus formation and altered the processing of thrombin precursor proteins. Furthermore, treatment of whole blood with EPA and DHA resulted in increased occlusion time and a sharply reduced accumulation of fibrin under flow conditions. These results demonstrate that EPA and DHA inhibit, but do not eliminate, the ability of platelets to catalyze thrombin generation in vitro. The ability of EPA and DHA to reduce the procoagulant function of platelets provides a possible mechanism behind the cardioprotective phenotype in individuals consuming high levels of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Larson
- Department of Biology, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA.
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Schmidt S, Stahl F, Mutz KO, Scheper T, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Different gene expression profiles in normo- and dyslipidemic men after fish oil supplementation: results from a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:105. [PMID: 22929118 PMCID: PMC3484010 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have suggested the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular health, but only limited data are available describing n-3 PUFA regulated pathways in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on whole genome expression profiles in the blood of normo- and dyslipidemic subjects. Methods Differentially expressed genes were detected after four hours, one week and twelve weeks of supplementation with either fish oil (FO) or corn oil in normo- and dyslipidemic men using whole genome microarrays. Results Independent of the oil, a significantly higher number of genes was regulated in dyslipidemic subjects compared to normolipidemic subjects. Pathway analyses discovered metabolisms dominantly affected by FO after twelve weeks of supplementation, including the lipid metabolism, immune system and cardiovascular diseases. Several pro-inflammatory genes, in particular, were down-regulated in dyslipidemic subjects, indicating the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory capability of FO and its bioactive FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions This is the first study showing significant differences in gene expression profiles between normo- and dyslipidemic men after FO supplementation. Further studies need to clarify the exact role of n-3 PUFAs in pathways and metabolisms which were identified as being regulated after FO supplementation in this study. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231)
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Sanchez C, Poggi M, Morange PE, Defoort C, Martin JC, Tanguy S, Dutour A, Grino M, Alessi MC. Diet modulates endogenous thrombin generation, a biological estimate of thrombosis risk, independently of the metabolic status. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2394-404. [PMID: 22859493 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) is associated with venous and arterial thrombosis. Better knowledge of environmental influences on ETP may help to prevent thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaning rats exhibited high ETP values that decreased in low-fat diet and remained elevated on high-fat diet. In adult rats, high-fat diet-induced ETP increase was independent of coagulation factors, obesity, and insulin resistance and negatively associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. Switching from high-fat diet to low-fat diet reversed the procoagulant phenotype with a slower kinetic than the normalization of hyperinsulinemia. In humans, ETP was independent of body weight whereas it was negatively associated with nutritional markers such as the percentage of energy provided by proteins, the protein:fat ratio, circulating phenolic compounds, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. A recommended 3-month healthy diet with reduced energy density, including lipids, decreased ETP (-21%; P<0.0001). Changes in ETP were not associated with body weight, insulin sensitivity, or coagulation factor variations, but correlated negatively with plasma docosahexaenoic acid, a nutritional status sensitive fatty acid, and compounds reflecting vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS Diet plays a pivotal role in regulating ETP, independently of obesity and insulin resistance. Global nutritional recommendations could be useful in primary prevention of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sanchez
- Inserm, UMR1062, Nutrition, Obesity, and Risk of Thrombosis, Marseille, France
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Santos-González M, López-Miranda J, Pérez-Jiménez F, Navas P, Villalba JM. Dietary oil modifies the plasma proteome during aging in the rat. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:341-58. [PMID: 21472381 PMCID: PMC3312633 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and other components of the diet may modulate, among others, mechanisms involved in homeostasis, aging, and age-related diseases. Using a proteomic approach, we have studied how dietary oil affected plasma proteins in young (6 months) or old (24 months) rats fed lifelong with two experimental diets enriched in either sunflower or virgin olive oil. After the depletion of the most abundant proteins, levels of less abundant proteins were studied using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Our results showed that compared with the sunflower oil diet, the virgin olive oil diet induced significant decreases of plasma levels of acute phase proteins such as inter-alpha inhibitor H4P heavy chain (at 6 months), hemopexin precursor (at 6 and 24 months), preprohaptoglobin precursor (at 6 and 24 months), and α-2-HS glycoprotein (at 6 and 24 months); antioxidant proteins such as type II peroxiredoxin (at 24 months); proteins related with coagulation such as fibrinogen γ-chain precursor (at 24 months), T-kininogen 1 precursor (at 6 and 24 months), and apolipoprotein H (at 6 and 24 months); or with lipid metabolism and transport such as apolipoprotein E (at 6 and 24 months) and apolipoprotein A-IV (at 24 months). The same diet increased the levels of apolipoprotein A-1 (at 6 and 24 months), diminishing in general the changes that occurred with age. Our unbiased analysis reinforces the beneficial role of a diet rich in virgin olive oil compared with a diet rich in sunflower oil, modulating inflammation, homeostasis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular risk during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Santos-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales Ed. Severo Ochoa, 3a planta, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), University Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales Ed. Severo Ochoa, 3a planta, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Hassen LJ, Ueshima H, Curb JD, Choo J, Lee S, Masaki K, Kadowaki T, Shin C, Evans RW, Seto TB, Fujiyoshi A, Wilcox BJ, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Kadota A, El-Saed A, Miura K, Kuller LH, Sekikawa A. Significant inverse association of marine n-3 fatty acids with plasma fibrinogen levels in Japanese in Japan but not in whites or Japanese Americans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:329-35. [PMID: 21897424 PMCID: PMC3244567 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Numerous studies reported beneficial effects of marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. However, the association of marine n-3 FAs with plasma fibrinogen, a risk factor for CVD, remains uncertain. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a population-based, cross-sectional study of 795 men aged 40-49 without CVD (262 whites in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA, 302 Japanese in Kusatsu, Japan and 229 Japanese Americans in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA), we examined the association of marine n-3 FAs with plasma fibrinogen. Serum FAs were measured by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Marine n-3 FAs were defined as the sum of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids. Plasma fibrinogen was measured by an automated clot-rate assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association. RESULTS White, Japanese and Japanese-American men had mean marine n-3 FAs levels of 3.47%, 8.78% and 4.46%, respectively. Japanese men had a significant inverse association of marine n-3 FAs with fibrinogen (standardized regression coefficient of -0.11, P=0.049), after adjusting for age, body-mass index and current smoking. The significant inverse association remained after further adjusting for diabetes, C-reactive protein, triglycerides and other variables. White or Japanese-American men did not show a significant association. CONCLUSIONS We observed the significant inverse association of marine n-3 FAs with fibrinogen in Japanese, but not in whites or Japanese Americans. The observation suggests that marine n-3 FAs at very high levels, as seen in the Japanese, may decrease plasma fibrinogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jina Choo
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Takashi Kadowaki
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Chol Shin
- Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aya Kadota
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Akira Sekikawa
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Stanger MJ, Thompson LA, Young AJ, Lieberman HR. Anticoagulant activity of select dietary supplements. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:107-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Vanden Heuvel JP. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:75-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lu Y, Boekschoten MV, Wopereis S, Müller M, Kersten S. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fenofibrate and fish oil treatments in mice. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1307-18. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00100.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating triglycerides, which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be targeted by treatment with fenofibrate or fish oil. To gain insight into underlying mechanisms, we carried out a comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the effect of 2 wk treatment with fenofibrate and fish oil in mice. Plasma triglycerides were significantly decreased by fenofibrate (−49.1%) and fish oil (−21.8%), whereas plasma cholesterol was increased by fenofibrate (+29.9%) and decreased by fish oil (−32.8%). Levels of various phospholipid species were specifically decreased by fish oil, while levels of Krebs cycle intermediates were increased specifically by fenofibrate. Plasma levels of many amino acids were altered by fenofibrate and to a lesser extent by fish oil. Both fenofibrate and fish oil upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and downregulated genes involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Significant overlap in gene regulation by fenofibrate and fish oil was observed, reflecting their property as high or low affinity agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, respectively. Fenofibrate specifically downregulated genes involved in complement cascade and inflammatory response. Fish oil specifically downregulated genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis and upregulated genes involved in amino acid and arachidonic acid metabolism. Taken together, the data indicate that despite being similarly potent toward modulating plasma free fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, fish oil causes modest changes in gene expression likely via activation of multiple mechanistic pathways, whereas fenofibrate causes pronounced gene expression changes via a single pathway, reflecting the key difference between nutritional and pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen
- The Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen; and
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- The Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen; and
- TNO Innovation for life, Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen
- The Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen; and
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen
- The Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen; and
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Madden J, Williams CM, Calder PC, Lietz G, Miles EA, Cordell H, Mathers JC, Minihane AM. The Impact of Common Gene Variants on the Response of Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk to Increased Fish Oil Fatty Acids Intakes. Annu Rev Nutr 2011; 31:203-34. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-010411-095239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Madden
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M. Williams
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Cordell
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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The Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Failure-associated Liver Disease in Neonates and Children. Surg Clin North Am 2011; 91:543-63. [PMID: 21621695 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gajos G, Zalewski J, Rostoff P, Nessler J, Piwowarska W, Undas A. Reduced thrombin formation and altered fibrin clot properties induced by polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids on top of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (OMEGA-PCI clot). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1696-702. [PMID: 21617138 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.228593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are able to alter plasma fibrin clot properties and reduce thrombin formation in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS In an investigator-initiated, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, patients undergoing PCI who received standard pharmacotherapy were assigned to the treatment with 1 g/day n-3 PUFA (n = 30) or placebo (n = 24) for 1 month. Plasma fibrin clot permeability (K(s)); lysis time (t(50%)); prothrombin fragment 1.2; and peak thrombin generation from automated thrombogram, 8-isoprostaglandin F(2α) (8-iso-PGF(2α), an oxidative stress marker), and C-reactive protein were determined at baseline, 3 to 5 days after randomization, and 30 days after randomization. At baseline, both treatment groups did not differ significantly. A 1-month treatment with n-3 PUFA compared with placebo was associated with 15.3% higher K(s), indicating larger pores in the fibrin network (P = 0.0005); 14.3% shorter t(50%), indicating increased susceptibility to fibrinolysis (P<0.0001); 33.8% lower prothrombin fragment 1.2 (P = 0.0013); 13.4% lower peak thrombin generation (P = 0.04); and 13.1% lower 8-iso-PGF(2α) (P = 0.009). Treatment with n-3 PUFA had no effect on fibrinogen and C-reactive protein. After 1 month of treatment, fibrinogen (r = -0.53, P<0.0001), treatment assignment (r = 0.29, P = 0.006) and 8-iso-PGF(2α) (r = -0.27, P = 0.015) were independently associated with clot permeability (P<0.0001, R(2) = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Adding n-3 PUFA to standard therapy in stable patients undergoing PCI significantly decreases thrombin formation and oxidative stress and favorably alters fibrin clot properties. These findings indicate novel antithrombotic effects induced by n-3 PUFA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gajos
- Department of Coronary Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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