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Zheng J, He J, Li H. FAM19A5 in vascular aging and osteoporosis: Mechanisms and the "calcification paradox". Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102361. [PMID: 38821416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in the vasculature's structure and function. Vascular aging is a determinant factor for vascular ailments in the elderly. FAM19A5, a recently identified adipokine, has demonstrated involvement in multiple vascular aging-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the current understanding of FAM19A5' role and explores its putative regulatory mechanisms in various aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies. Importantly, we provide novel insights into the underlying therapeutic value of FAM19A5 in osteoporosis. Finally, we outline future perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of FAM19A5 in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Dutka M, Garczorz W, Kosowska A, Buczek E, Godek P, Wojakowski W, Francuz T. Osteoprotegerin Is Essential for the Development of Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Angiotensin II in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6434. [PMID: 38928140 PMCID: PMC11203749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Opinions on the effects of osteoprotegerin (OPG) have evolved over the years from a protein protecting the vasculature from calcification to a cardiovascular risk factor contributing to inflammation within the vascular wall. Nowadays, the link between OPG and angiotensin II (Ang II) appears to be particularly important. In this study, the endothelial function was investigated in OPG-knockout mice (B6.129.S4-OPG, OPG-) and wild-type (C57BL/6J, OPG+) mice under basic conditions and after Ang II exposure by assessing the endothelium-dependent diastolic response of aortic rings to acetylcholine in vitro. A further aim of the study was to compare the effect of Ang II on the expression of cytokines in the aortic wall of both groups of mice. Our study shows that rings from OPG- mice had their normal endothelial function preserved after incubation with Ang II, whereas those from OPG+ mice showed significant endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that the absence of OPG, although associated with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the vascular wall, simultaneously protects against Ang II-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the murine vascular wall. Our study also demonstrates that the absence of OPG can result in a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the vascular wall after Ang II exposure. The presence of OPG is therefore crucial for the development of Ang II-induced inflammation in the vascular wall and for the development of Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.G.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Agnieszka Kosowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.G.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Elzbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Godek
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (P.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (P.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.G.); (A.K.); (T.F.)
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Panova-Noeva M, Koeck T, Schoelch C, Schulz A, Prochaska JH, Michal M, Strauch K, Schuster AK, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Hennige AM, Wild PS. Obesity-related inflammatory protein signature in cardiovascular clinical outcomes: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1198-1209. [PMID: 38664310 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether an obesity-related inflammatory protein signature (OIPS) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS The Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel was performed in 6662 participants from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). The OIPS was selected by a logistic regression model, and its association with cardiovascular outcomes was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. The GHS-derived OIPS was externally validated in the MyoVasc study. RESULTS The identified OIPS entailed 21 proteins involved in chemokine activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor binding, and growth factor receptor binding. The signature revealed a novel positive association of axis inhibition protein 1 with obesity. The OIPS was associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiac deaths, major adverse cardiovascular events, and incident coronary artery disease, independent of clinical covariates and established risk instruments. A BMI-stratified analysis confirmed the association of OIPS with increased death in those with obesity and overweight and with increased risk for coronary artery disease in those with obesity. The association of OIPS with increased risk of all-cause and cardiac deaths was validated in the MyoVasc cohort. CONCLUSIONS The OIPS showed a significant association with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly in those with overweight and obesity, and represents a promising tool for identifying patients at higher risk for worse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Panova-Noeva
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Corinna Schoelch
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Prochaska
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute for Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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Suh SH, Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Oh KH, Lee KB, Jeong JC, Jung JY, Kim SW. Circulating osteoprotegerin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: results from the KNOW-CKD study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4136. [PMID: 38374135 PMCID: PMC10876961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
While the relationship between circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and cardiovascular events is well-established in the general population, its association with cardiovascular risks in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains less robust. This study hypothesized that elevated circulating OPG levels might be associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in CKD patients, a total of 2,109 patients with CKD stages 1 through pre-dialysis 5 from the KNOW-CKD cohort were categorized into quartiles based on serum OPG levels. The primary outcome of the study was 3-point MACE, defined as a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiac death. The median follow-up duration was 7.9 years. The cumulative incidence of 3-point MACE significantly varied across serum OPG levels in Kaplan-Meier curve analysis (P < 0.001, log-rank test), with the highest incidence observed in the 4th quartile. Cox regression analysis indicated that, relative to the 1st quartile, the risk of 3-point MACE was significantly higher in the 3rd (adjusted hazard ratio 2.901, 95% confidence interval 1.009 to 8.341) and the 4th quartiles (adjusted hazard ratio 4.347, 95% confidence interval 1.410 to 13.395). In conclusion, elevated circulating OPG levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in pre-dialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea.
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Liu P, Xu X, Wang Y, Long X, Li X, Peng H. Effects of sodium thiosulfate on serum calcification factors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2023; 27:1079-1087. [PMID: 37424269 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sodium thiosulfate (STS) on serum calcification factors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS Forty-four Patients were randomly divided into control group (n = 22) and observation group (n = 22) by envelope method (block 4 randomization). The control group received routine treatment while observation group was treated with STS on the basis of routine treatment. The biochemical indicators, including BUN, UA, SCr, Ca2+ , P3- , calcium-phosphorus product, PTH, hs-CRP, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and serum calcification factor MGP, FA, FGF-23, and OPG levels were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS Control group had no statistically significant difference in the levels of vascular calcification factors MGP, FA, FGF-23, and OPG before and after treatment (p > 0.05). Whereas observation group had higher levels of MGP and FA, and lower levels of FGF-23 and OPG after treatment than before treatment (p < 0.05). The levels of MGP and FA in observation group were higher than those in control group, and FGF-23 and OPG were lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is speculated that sodium thiosulfate can alleviate the progression of vascular calcification by changing the levels of calcification factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - YuFu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - XiaoNa Long
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - XunJia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - HongYing Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Alarkawi D, Tran T, Chen W, March LM, Blyth FM, Blank RD, Bliuc D, Center JR. Denosumab and Mortality in a Real-World Setting: A Comparative Study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1757-1770. [PMID: 37915252 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab (Dmab) is increasingly prescribed worldwide. Unlike bisphosphonates (BPs), its effect on mortality has yet to be well explored. This study examined the association between Dmab and all-cause mortality compared with no treatment in subjects with a fracture and BPs in subjects without a fracture. The study population was from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (n = 267,357), a prospective population-based cohort with questionnaire data linked to hospital admissions (Admitted Patients Data Collection [APDC] data were linked by the Centre for Health Record Linkage), medication records (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme [PBS] provided by Services Australia), and stored securely (secure data access was provided through the Sax Institute's Secure Unified Research Environment [SURE]). The new-user cohort design with propensity-score (PS) matching was implemented. In the fracture cohort, Dmab and oral BP users were matched 1:2 to no treatment (Dmab: 617 women, 154 men; oral BPs: 615 women, 266 men). In the no-fracture cohort, Dmab users were matched 1:1 with oral BPs and zoledronic acid (Zol) users (Dmab:oral BPs: 479 men, 1534 women; Dmab:Zol: 280 men, 625 women). Mortality risk was measured using sex-specific pairwise multivariable Cox models. In the fracture cohort, compared with no treatment, Dmab was associated with 48% lower mortality in women (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.72) but not in men. Oral BPs were associated with 44% lower mortality in both sexes (women HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.77; men HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.78). In the no-fracture cohort, compared with BPs, Dmab was associated with 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher mortality than oral BPs (women HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.13-1.98; men HR = 2.74; 95% CI 1.82-4.11) but similar mortality to Zol. Dmab in women and oral BPs were associated with lower post-fracture mortality than no treatment. However, Dmab users had generally higher mortality than oral BP users in those without fractures. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Alarkawi
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn M March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert D Blank
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Echefu G, Stowe I, Burka S, Basu-Ray I, Kumbala D. Pathophysiological concepts and screening of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2023; 3:1198560. [PMID: 37840653 PMCID: PMC10570458 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1198560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Dialysis patients experience 10-20 times higher cardiovascular mortality than the general population. The high burden of both conventional and nontraditional risk factors attributable to loss of renal function can explain higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death among dialysis patients. As renal function declines, uremic toxins accumulate in the blood and disrupt cell function, causing cardiovascular damage. Hemodialysis patients have many cardiovascular complications, including sudden cardiac death. Peritoneal dialysis puts dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease at increased risk of CVD complications and emergency hospitalization. The current standard of care in this population is based on observational data, which has a high potential for bias due to the paucity of dedicated randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, guidelines lack specific guidelines for these patients, often inferring them from non-dialysis patient trials. A crucial step in the prevention and treatment of CVD would be to gain better knowledge of the influence of these predisposing risk factors. This review highlights the current evidence regarding the influence of advanced chronic disease on the cardiovascular system in patients undergoing renal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gift Echefu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ifeoluwa Stowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Semenawit Burka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Indranill Basu-Ray
- Department of Cardiology, Memphis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Damodar Kumbala
- Nephrology Division, Renal Associates of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Ma T, Zhao J, Yan Y, Liu J, Zang J, Zhang Y, Ruan K, Xu H, He W. Plasma osteoprotegerin predicts adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease: the PEACE trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1178153. [PMID: 37388640 PMCID: PMC10300416 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1178153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secretory glycoprotein and participates in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We aim to explore the relationship between OPG and the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Plasma OPG concentrations were measured in 3,766 patients with stable CAD enrolled in the PEACE trial. The PEACE trial (NCT00000558) group followed up the patients and examined their future clinical outcomes. Results In summary, 208 (5.5%) primary outcomes occurred, 295 patients (7.8%) died from all-cause death, 128 (3.4%) died from cardiovascular causes, and 94 (2.5%) experienced heart failure during a median follow-up of 1,892 days. In addition, we found that higher plasma levels of OPG were associated with a higher incidence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure, even after adjusting clinical cofounders. Conclusion It was demonstrated that elevated plasma OPG levels were associated with an increased incidence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure in patients with stable CAD. Systematic Review Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00000558?term=NCT00000558&draw=2&rank=1, identifier: NCT00000558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Kelland E, Patil MS, Patel S, Cartland SP, Kavurma MM. The Prognostic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Potential of TRAIL Signalling in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076725. [PMID: 37047698 PMCID: PMC10095395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was originally discovered, almost 20 years ago, for its ability to kill cancer cells. More recent evidence has described pleiotropic functions, particularly in the cardiovascular system. There is potential for TRAIL concentrations in the circulation to act as prognostic and/or diagnostic factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Pre-clinical studies also describe the therapeutic capacity for TRAIL signals, particularly in the context of atherosclerotic disease and diseases of the myocardium. Because diabetes mellitus significantly contributes to the progression and pathogenesis of CVDs, in this review we highlight recent evidence for the prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential of TRAIL signals in CVDs, and where relevant, the impact of diabetes mellitus. A greater understanding of how TRAIL signals regulate cardiovascular protection and pathology may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for patients suffering from CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina Kelland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2042, Australia
| | - Manisha S. Patil
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2042, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2042, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2042, Australia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2042, Australia
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Serum OPG and RANKL Levels as Risk Factors for the Development of Cardiovascular Calcifications in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients in Hemodialysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020454. [PMID: 36836810 PMCID: PMC9967106 DOI: 10.3390/life13020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcifications (CVC) are frequently observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and contribute to their cardiovascular mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor Activator of NF-κΒ (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway in the development and evolution of CVCs in hemodialysis patients. In total, 80 hemodialysis patients were assessed for the presence of vascular (abdominal aorta and muscular arteries) calcifications and results were correlated to serum OPG and RANKL levels and the OPG/RANKL ratio. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and mineral bone disease parameters were also estimated. The presence of VCs was also evaluated 5 years after the initiation of the study, and results were correlated to the initial serum OPG levels. Age, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and OPG levels (p < 0.001) were associated with VCs, whereas RANKL levels were not. Multivariate analysis though revealed that only OPG levels were significantly associated with abdominal aorta calcifications (p = 0.026), but they were not correlated with the progression of VCs. Serum OPG levels are positively and independently associated with VCs in HD patients, but not with their progression. RANKL levels did not show any associations, whereas further studies are needed to establish the significance of OPG/RANKL ratio.
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Influence of Chinese Herbal Formula on Bone Characteristics of Cobb Broiler Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101865. [PMID: 36292748 PMCID: PMC9601401 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prevention and treatment effect of a Chinese herbal formula (CHF) on the bone disease of Cobb broiler chickens, compare its efficacy with Bisphosphonates (BPs), and provide a theoretical basis for studying the nutritional regulation technology of CHF to improve the bone characteristics of broiler chickens. In this study, 560 one-day-old Cobb broiler chickens were examined for the influence of Chinese herbal formula (CHF) and Bisphosphonates (BPs). Different doses of CHF and BPs were added to the diet, and the 30- and 60-day-old live weight, tibial bone strength, the microstructure of the distal femur cancellous bone, blood biochemical indexes related to bone metabolism, and genes related to bone metabolism were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the live weight of Cobb broilers fed with CHF and BPs in the diet was as follows: The live weight of the CHF group was higher than that of the normal control (NC) group, while the live weight of the BPs group was lower than that of the NC group; the CHF and BPs improved the bone strength of Cobb broilers and increased the elastic modulus, yield strength, and maximum stress of the tibia. CHF and BPs increased the cancellous bone mineral density (BMD), bone tissue ratio (BV/TV), bone surface area tissue volume ratio (BS/TV), bone trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and bone trabecular number (Tb.N) in the distal femur, and decreased the bone surface area bone volume ratio (BS/BV) and bone trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Thus, the microstructure of the bone tissue of the distal femur was improved to a certain extent. Both the CHF and the BPs also increased the serum levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decreased the content of osteocalcin (OT). Meanwhile, CHF and BPs upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes (BMP-2, OPG, Runx-2) to promote bone formation and downregulated the expression of osteoclastic genes (RANK, RANKL, TNF-α) to inhibit bone resorption, thus affecting bone metabolism. Conclusion: The CHF could improve the skeletal characteristics of Cobb broilers by upregulating the expression of bone-forming-related genes and downregulating the expression of bone-breaking-related genes, thus preventing and controlling skeletal diseases in Cobb broilers. Its effect was comparable to that of BPs. Meanwhile, the CHF-H group achieved the best results in promoting the growth and improvement of the skeletal characteristics of Cobb broilers based on the live weight and skeletal-characteristics-related indexes.
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Osteoprotegerin and MTHFR gene variations in rheumatoid arthritis: association with disease susceptibility and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9534. [PMID: 35680906 PMCID: PMC9184606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether the rs2073618 variant (G1181C) of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 (A1298AC) and rs1801133 (C677T) gene polymorphisms contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and RA related subclinical atherosclerosis. Overall 283 RA patients and 595 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for common variants of the OPG and MTHFR genes using PCR based assays. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded following thorough chart review. Surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Carotid/Femoral intima media thickness/plaque formation) along with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed in all RA patients and 280HC. Increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant was detected in RA patients vs HC (42.4% vs. 33%, p-value: 0.04). RA patients with high serum titers of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies displayed increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant of the OPG gene compared to HC (48.6% and 47.5 vs 33.3%, p-values: 0.0029and 0.0077 respectively). Of interest, this genotype turned to be associated with higher carotid IMT scores (0.872 ± 0.264 vs 0.816 ± 0.284, p-value: 0.01) and marginally with higher rates of carotid plaque formation (66% vs 54.1%, p = 0.06). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was more prevalent only in the anti-CCP positive group compared to HC, with no associations detected with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Reduced rates of carotid/femoral plaque formation were detected among RA patients harboring the MTHFR TT genotype (52.4 vs 72.7, p-value: 0.009, respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for classical CVD risk factors (OR [95% CI 0.364 [0.173–0.765], p-value: 0.008). Genetic variations of the osteoprotegerin and MTHFR genes seem to increase susceptibility for seropositive RA and potentially contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis linked to RA. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Arase H, Yamada S, Torisu K, Tokumoto M, Taniguchi M, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Protective Roles of Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor 1 (XPR1) in Uremic Vascular Calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:685-697. [PMID: 35112184 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellular phosphate transporters play critical roles in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification (VC) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanistic link between VC and xenotropic and polytropic receptor 1 (XPR1), a newly identified phosphate exporter, remains unknown. We developed a new mouse model with rapidly progressive uremic VC in C57BL/6 mice and examined the roles of XPR1. The combination of surgical heminephrectomy and 8 weeks of feeding a customized warfarin and adenine-based diet induced extensive aortic VC in almost all mice. The XPR1 mRNA level in the aorta of CKD mice was significantly lower than those in control mice as early as week 2, when there was no apparent VC, which progressively declined thereafter. Dietary phosphate restriction increased XPR1 mRNA expression in the aorta but reduced aortic VC in CKD mice. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a calcifying medium supplemented with high phosphate and calcium did not affect XPR1 mRNA expression. The XPR1 mRNA expression in cultured VCMCs was also unaffected by administration of indoxyl sulfate or calcitriol deficiency but was decreased by 1-34 parathyroid hormone or fibroblast growth factor 23 supplementation. Furthermore, XPR1 deletion in the cultured VSMCs exacerbated calcification of the extracellular matrix as well as the osteogenic phenotypic switch under the condition of calcifying medium. Our data suggest that XPR1 plays protective roles in the pathogenesis of VC and its decrease in the aorta may contribute to the progression of VC in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Arase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-Ku, Fukuoka, 8140193, Japan
| | - Masatomo Taniguchi
- Fukuoka Renal Clinic, 4-6-20 Watanabe-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 8100004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 6348521, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
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Czerwińska K, Poręba M, Prokopowicz A, Januszewska L, Jaremków A, Markiewicz-Górka I, Martynowicz H, Mazur G, Poręba R, Pawlas K, Gać P. Association Between Serum Selenium Concentration and OPG/RANKL/RANK Axis in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:620-630. [PMID: 35412194 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the serum selenium concentration (Se-S) and the blood concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and the OPG/RANKL ratio in patients with arterial hypertension. The study group comprised 138 patients with arterial hypertension (age: 56.04 ± 11.59 years). Se-S was determined in all the subjects. Based on the Se-S, the following subgroups were distinguished: a subgroup of patients with a lower Se-S ("low-Se", Se-S < median) and a subgroup of patients with a higher Se-S ("high-Se", Se-S ≥ median). Moreover, the blood concentrations of the parameters of bone metabolism and extraskeletal calcification were assessed: OPG and RANKL. The OPG/RANKL ratio was calculated. In the "low-Se" subgroup, the RANKL concentration was statistically significantly lower, and the OPG/RANKL ratio was statistically significantly higher than in the patients in the "high-Se" subgroup. The correlation analysis showed the negative linear relationships between Se-S and OPG (r = - 0.25, p < 0.05) and between Se-S and OPG/RANKL (r = - 0.47, p < 0.05). Moreover, Se-S positively correlated with RANKL (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). In regression analysis, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking and lower Se-S were independently associated with a higher OPG/RANKL ratio, while lower BMI, use of diuretics, β-blockers and ACE inhibitors and lower OPG/RANKL ratio with effective blood pressure control. In summary, in the group of patients with arterial hypertension, lower Se-S is associated with an unfavourable prognostic panel of parameters of bone metabolism and extraskeletal calcification. Lower Se-S is an independent risk factor for a higher OPG/RANKL ratio, which is an independent prediction factor of ineffective blood pressure control in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Czerwińska
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Paralympic Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Witelona 25a, 51-617, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Kościelna 13, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Lidia Januszewska
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland.
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Pro-Calcific Environment Impairs Ischaemia-Driven Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063363. [PMID: 35328786 PMCID: PMC8954938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterised by accelerated arterial calcification and impairment in angiogenesis. Studies implicate vascular calcification as a contributor to PAD, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effect of calcification on ischaemia-driven angiogenesis. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) were treated with calcification medium (CM: CaCl2 2.7 mM, Na2PO4 2.0 mM) for 24 h and exposed to normoxia (5% CO2) or hypoxia (1.2% O2; 5% CO2 balanced with N2). In normoxia, CM significantly inhibited tubule formation and migration and upregulated calcification markers of ALP, BMP2, and Runx2. CM elevated levels of calcification-protective gene OPG, demonstrating a compensatory mechanism by ECs. CM failed to induce pro-angiogenic regulators VEGFA and HIF-1α in hypoxia and further suppressed the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that is essential for vascular function. In vivo, osteoprotegerin-deficient mice (OPG−/−), a calcification model, were subjected to hind-limb ischaemia (HLI) surgery. OPG−/− mice displayed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to wild-type controls. OPG−/− mice experienced striking reductions in blood-flow reperfusion in both 8-week-old and 6-month-old mice post-HLI. This coincided with significant impairment in tissue ischaemia and reduced limb function as assessed by clinical scoring (Tarlov). This study demonstrated for the first time that a pro-calcific environment is detrimental to ischaemia-driven angiogenesis. The degree of calcification in patients with PAD can often be a limiting factor with the use of standard therapies. These highly novel findings require further studies for full elucidation of the mechanisms involved and have implications for the development of therapies to suppress calcification in PAD.
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Dayawansa NH, Baratchi S, Peter K. Uncoupling the Vicious Cycle of Mechanical Stress and Inflammation in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783543. [PMID: 35355968 PMCID: PMC8959593 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common acquired valvulopathy, which carries a high burden of mortality. Chronic inflammation has been postulated as the predominant pathophysiological process underlying CAVD. So far, no effective medical therapies exist to halt the progression of CAVD. This review aims to outline the known pathways of inflammation and calcification in CAVD, focussing on the critical roles of mechanical stress and mechanosensing in the perpetuation of valvular inflammation. Following initiation of valvular inflammation, dysregulation of proinflammatory and osteoregulatory signalling pathways stimulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into active myofibroblastic and osteoblastic phenotypes, which in turn mediate valvular extracellular matrix remodelling and calcification. Mechanosensitive signalling pathways convert mechanical forces experienced by valve leaflets and circulating cells into biochemical signals and may provide the positive feedback loop that promotes acceleration of disease progression in the advanced stages of CAVD. Mechanosensing is implicated in multiple aspects of CAVD pathophysiology. The mechanosensitive RhoA/ROCK and YAP/TAZ systems are implicated in aortic valve leaflet mineralisation in response to increased substrate stiffness. Exposure of aortic valve leaflets, endothelial cells and platelets to high shear stress results in increased expression of mediators of VIC differentiation. Upregulation of the Piezo1 mechanoreceptor has been demonstrated to promote inflammation in CAVD, which normalises following transcatheter valve replacement. Genetic variants and inhibition of Notch signalling accentuate VIC responses to altered mechanical stresses. The study of mechanosensing pathways has revealed promising insights into the mechanisms that perpetuate inflammation and calcification in CAVD. Mechanotransduction of altered mechanical stresses may provide the sought-after coupling link that drives a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation in CAVD. Mechanosensing pathways may yield promising targets for therapeutic interventions and prognostic biomarkers with the potential to improve the management of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin H. Dayawansa
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Karlheinz Peter,
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17
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Paradoxical effects of osteoprotegerin on vascular function: inhibiting inflammation while promoting oxidative stress? Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:379-382. [PMID: 35274135 PMCID: PMC8919090 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B, is well known as a modulator of bone remodeling. The contribution of OPG to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested, but its molecular mechanism is complex and remains unclear. In the present study, Alves-Lopes et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2021) 135(20): https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20210643) reported the critical role of syndecan-1 (SDC-1, also known as CD138), a surface protein part of the endothelial glycocalyx, in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. The authors found that in endothelial cells (ECs), through SDC-1, OPG increased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting eNOS activity. Furthermore, the OPG-SDC-1 interaction increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through NOX1/4 activation. Both the reduced eNOS activity and induced ROS production inhibited NO production and impaired EC function. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the OPG-SDC-1 interaction increased ROS production through NOX1/4 activation, subsequently increased MLC phosphorylation-mediated Rho kinase-MYPT1 regulation, leading to increased vascular contraction. Ultilizing wire myography and mechanistic studies, the authors nicely provide the evidence that SDC-1 plays a crucial role in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. As we mentioned above, the molecular mechanism and roles of OPG in cardiovascular system are complex and somewhat confusing. In this commentary, we briefly summarize the OPG-mediated signaling pathways in cardiovascular system.
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Kim H, Lee J, Lee KB, Kim YH, Hong N, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Choi KH, Oh KH, Yoo TH. Low bone mineral density is associated with coronary arterial calcification progression and incident cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:119-127. [PMID: 35035942 PMCID: PMC8757420 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is well known that low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in the general population, the prognostic role of bone mineral density (BMD) has not been established in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association between BMD and the risk of CVD and cardiovascular mortality in patients with predialysis CKD. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted with 1957 patients with predialysis CKD Stages 1–5. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and coronary arterial calcification (CAC) scores were evaluated using coronary computed tomography. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Results When patients were classified based on total hip BMD T-score tertiles stratified by sex, the lowest BMD tertile was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE {hazard ratio 2.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–3.74]; P = 0.006}. This association was also shown with BMD at the femur neck but not with BMD at lumbar spine. In the subgroup of 977 patients with follow-up CACs at their fourth year, 97 (9.9%) showed accelerated CAC progression (>50/year), and BMD was inversely associated with accelerated CAC progression even after adjusting for the baseline CAC score [odds ratio 0.75 (95% CI 0.58–0.99); P = 0.039]. In addition, baseline CAC was associated with an increased risk of MACEs after adjusting for total hip T-score. Conclusions Low BMD was significantly associated with CAC progression and MACEs in patients with predialysis CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Prevention and Management Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Oh TR, Myeong C, Song SH, Choi HS, Suh SH, Kim CS, Bae EH, Chung W, Choi KH, Oh KH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Association between serum osteoprotegerin level and renal prognosis in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease in the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (the KNOW-CKD Study). Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 41:200-208. [PMID: 34974650 PMCID: PMC8995484 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoprotegerin is an important regulator of bone metabolism and vascular calcification. The association between serum osteoprotegerin level and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has not been elucidated. We investigated the prognostic value of serum osteoprotegerin levels in nondialysis CKD patients. Methods We analyzed 2,082 patients enrolled in the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients with CKD between 2011 and 2016. Patients were divided into quartiles by their serum osteoprotegerin levels. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ≥1 of the following: dialysis initiation, kidney transplantation, a two-fold increase in serum creatinine level from baseline, or a 50% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate the prognostic value of the serum osteoprotegerin level to CKD progression. Results The median follow-up period was 48.9 months, and 641 patients (30.8%) experienced the primary outcome. The hazard ratio of serum osteoprotegerin for renal progression in the full extended Cox proportional hazard model was 1.064 (95% confidence interval, 1.041–1.088). Subgroup analyses by age, presence of diabetes, and eGFR showed significant results consistent with the overall analysis results. Conclusion Serum osteoprotegerin level is independently associated with renal prognosis and could have prognostic importance in CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chana Myeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Suh SH, Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, Oh KH, Lee J, Oh YK, Jung JY, Choi KH, Ma SK, Bae EH, Kim SW. Association of Circulating Osteoprotegerin Level with Blood Pressure Variability in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010178. [PMID: 35011919 PMCID: PMC8745733 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a biomarker for cardiovascular complications that are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). To investigate the association between circulating OPG level with long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with pre-dialysis CKD, a total of 1855 subjects with CKD from stage 1 to pre-dialysis stage 5 from a prospective cohort were analyzed. Long-term visit-to-visit BPV was determined by average real variability (ARV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CoV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). ARV of SBP (Adjusted β coefficient 0.143, 95% confidence interval 0.021 to 0.264) was significantly associated with serum OPG level. Although SD and CoV of SBP were not significantly associated with serum OPG level in multivariate linear regression analyses, restricted cubic spline visualized the linear correlation of serum OPG level with all of ARV, SD, and CoV. The association between serum OPG level and DBP variability was not significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of serum OPG with BPV is more prominent in the subjects with Charlson comorbidity index ≤3 and in the subjects without history of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, circulating OPG level is potentially associated with long-term visit-to-visit BPV in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Department of Prevention and Management, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Gachon University of Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.H.B.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-62-220-6503 (E.H.B.); +82-62-225-6271 (S.W.K.)
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (S.H.S.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.H.B.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-62-220-6503 (E.H.B.); +82-62-225-6271 (S.W.K.)
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21
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Gunes M, Temizkan S, Apaydin T, Ilgin C, Haklar G, Gogas Yavuz D. Serum osteoprotegerin levels, endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108073. [PMID: 34635402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-known protein that inhibits osteoclast formation and activity, might also be a potential marker for identifying patients with high cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to compare OPG levels, FMD, and CIMT measurements in subjects with vs. without diabetes and investigate the association of serum osteoprotegerin level with the early atherosclerotic markers, endothelial function, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS Forty-nine patients with DM2 (F/M: 26/23, 49.3 ± 10.0 years) and 45 healthy volunteers (F/M: 26/19, 48.3 ± 7.5 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum OPG levels were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c levels were measured. CIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and endothelial function was evaluated via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery with Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Serum OPG levels were significantly higher in patients with DM2 (617.0 ± 111.0 pg/mL) compared to controls (481.0 ± 96.0 pg/mL, p < 0.001). While CIMT in diabetic patients (0.65 + 0.13 mm) was higher than controls (0.54 ± 0.10 mm, p = 0.009), FMD measurement was lower in DM2 group (4.2% ± 3.1 mm vs. 7.6% ± 4.1 mm, p = 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that OPG was associated with the presence of diabetes (OR: 6.999, p = 0.001, R2: 15.1%) and hypertension (OR = 6.925, p = 0.001, R2: 13.2%). There was no relationship between OPG levels and CIMT or FMD. CONCLUSION Osteoprotegerin and CIMT levels were increased, and FMD measurements were decreased in patients with DM2. No association between CIMT, FMD, and OPG measurements was observed. The presence of DM and hypertension were associated with circulating OPG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Gunes
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sule Temizkan
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Apaydin
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Can Ilgin
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goncagul Haklar
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Gogas Yavuz
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Park MS, Chang Y, Kim KH, Park JH, Song TJ. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are associated with the presence and burden of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 210:107010. [PMID: 34752988 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a component of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Several studies have shown a relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between plasma OPG levels and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). METHODS Patients diagnosed with their first cerebral ischemic infarction between April 2014 and March 2017 were enrolled. All the enrolled patients were evaluated through the hospital stroke protocol, including routine blood tests, brain imaging, and measuring the plasma OPG levels. The presence and burden of cerebral SVD [cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), asymptomatic lacunar infarction (ALI), high-grade perivascular space (HPVS), high-grade white matter hyperintensity (HWMH)], and total SVD score were assessed through brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Of the 270 patients included in our study, 158 (58.5%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 63.8 ± 11.6 years. In multivariable analysis, plasma OPG levels were positively associated with the presence and burden of each cerebral SVD. The odds ratios (OR) of CMBs, ALI, HPVS, and HWMH for the association of OPG per standard deviation (SD) increase were 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-2.27], 1.40 (95% CI, 1.04-1.88), 1.88 (95% CI, 1.27-2.78), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.04-2.08), respectively. Plasma OPG levels were positively correlated with total SVD score (beta = 0.211, standard error = 0.061, p-value = 0.009, R2 = 0.275). CONCLUSIONS Plasma OPG levels correlate with the presence and burden of cerebral SVD in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Chang
- Department of Neurology, Mokdong Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine (System Health and Engineering Convergence), Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Strembitska A, Harvey AP, Harvey KY, Yusuf H, Haniford S, Hepburn RT, Dyet J, Beattie W, Haddow L, McAbney J, Graham D, Montezano AC. Osteoprotegerin regulates vascular function through syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2429-2444. [PMID: 34668009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenic factors, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), are protective against vascular calcification. However, OPG is also positively associated with cardiovascular damage, particularly in pulmonary hypertension, possibly through processes beyond effects on calcification. In the present study, we focused on calcification-independent vascular effects of OPG through activation of syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidases (Noxs) 1 and 4. Isolated resistance arteries from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, exposed to exogenous OPG, studied by myography exhibited endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction. OPG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production, eNOS activation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in endothelial cells. In VSMCs, OPG increased ROS production, H2O2/peroxynitrite levels and activation of Rho kinase and myosin light chain. OPG vascular and redox effects were also inhibited by the syndecan-1 inhibitor synstatin (SSNT). Additionally, heparinase and chondroitinase abolished OPG effects on VSMCs-ROS production, confirming syndecan-1 as OPG molecular partner and suggesting that OPG binds to heparan/chondroitin sulphate chains of syndecan-1. OPG-induced ROS production was abrogated by NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor) and GKT137831 (dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor). Tempol (SOD mimetic) inhibited vascular dysfunction induced by OPG. In addition, we studied arteries from Nox1 and Nox4 knockout (KO) mice. Nox1 and Nox4 KO abrogated OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction elicited by OPG is mediated by a complex signalling cascade involving syndecan-1, Nox1 and Nox4. Our data identify novel molecular mechanisms beyond calcification for OPG, which may underlie vascular injurious effects of osteogenic factors in conditions such as hypertension and/or diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/enzymology
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/toxicity
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Adam P Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Katie Y Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hiba Yusuf
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susan Haniford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ross T Hepburn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Jennifer Dyet
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Wendy Beattie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - John McAbney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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24
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Coban N, Ozuynuk AS, Erkan AF, Guclu-Geyik F, Ekici B. Levels of miR-130b-5p in peripheral blood are associated with severity of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7719-7732. [PMID: 34689283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a high mortality rate, the pathogenesis of CAD is still poorly understood. During the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new, potential diagnostic biomarkers in several diseases, including CAD. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs in individuals with CAD and non-CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS The Agilent's microarray analyses were performed to compare the whole blood miRNA profile of selected individuals with severe CAD (n = 12, ≥ 90% stenosis) and non-CAD (n = 12, ≤ 20 stenosis). Expressions of selected differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were analyzed for validation in individuals with critical CAD (n = 50) and non-CAD (n = 43) using real-time PCR. Target prediction tools were utilized to identify miRNA target genes. We identified 6 DEMs that were downregulated in CAD patients, which included hsa-miR-18a-3p and hsa-miR-130b-5p, that were analyzed for further testing. Expression levels of hsa-miR-130b-5p were found negatively correlated with SYNTAX score and stenosis in female CAD patients (p < 0.05). In addition, both miRNAs were found positively correlated with plasma HDL and inversely correlated with fasting triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). In linear regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, the correlations have remained statistically significant. Computational prediction of target genes indicated a relevant role of hsa-miR-130b-5p and hsa-miR-18a-3p in modulating the expression of genes associated with cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a significantly different pattern of miRNA expression in CAD patients in microarray results. Hsa-miR-18a-3p and hsa-miR-130b-5p might serve as biomarkers of CAD development and progression and warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Coban
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aybike Sena Ozuynuk
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aycan Fahri Erkan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Guclu-Geyik
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ekici
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Liu H, Ru NY, Cai Y, Lyu Q, Guo CH, Zhou Y, Li SH, Cheng JH, Chang JR, Ma J, Su XL. The OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-κB pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:324-333. [PMID: 34670103 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural adaptation of common carotid artery could be one of the important causes of postflight orthostatic intolerance after microgravity exposure, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that long-term spaceflight increases carotid artery stiffness, which might present a high risk to astronaut health and postflight working ability. Studies have suggested that vascular calcification is a common pathological change in cardiovascular diseases that is mainly manifested as an increase in vascular stiffness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether simulated microgravity induces calcification of common carotid artery and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Four-week hindlimb-unweighted (HU) rats were used to simulate the deconditioning effects of microgravity on cardiovascular system. We found that simulated microgravity induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification, increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK expression, and enhanced NF-κB activation in rat common carotid artery. In vitro activation of the RANK pathway with exogenous RANKL, a RANK ligand, increased RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in HU rats. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic markers and activation of NF-κB in HU rats were further enhanced by exogenous RANKL but suppressed by the RANK inhibitor OPG-Fc. These results indicated that the OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates VSMC osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ning-Yu Ru
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Yue Cai
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China;
| | - Qiang Lyu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Chi-Hua Guo
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ying Zhou
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Fourth Military Medical University, 12644, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jiu-Hua Cheng
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Jin-Rui Chang
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jin Ma
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Xing-Li Su
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
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26
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Celebi G, Anapali M, Dagistanli FK, Akdemir AS, Aydemir D, Ulusu NN, Ulutin T, Komurcu-Bayrak E. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on OPG/RANKL signalling activities in endothelial tissue damage in diet-induced diabetic rat model. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:124-134. [PMID: 34657267 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes endothelial damage and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the present study vitamin D3 supplementation in rats was used to determine the role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator kB ligand (RANKL) signalling in endothelial damage and changes in the expression levels of genes involved in this pathway. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation affects OPG and RANKL activity in the aorta. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin followed by a high fructose (10%) diet. Group 2 (healthy) and 4 (diabetic) received 170 IU/kg of vitamin D3 weekly for 5 weeks, while Group 1 (healthy) and 2 (diabetic) received sterile saline. The aortas of each group were collected to analyse mRNA expression using the real-time PCR method and also to evaluate magnesium and calcium levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Opg and Il-1b expression levels were significantly associated with both diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation in the aortas of the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). Opg mRNA expression was also found to correlate with both Icam-1 and Nos3 mRNA expression levels (r = 0.699, p = 0.001 and r = 0.622, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, when mineral levels in the aortic tissues were compared among all groups, it was found that the interaction of diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation significantly affected Mg levels and Mg/Ca ratios. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that vitamin D3 supplementation has a modulatory effect on OPG/RANKL activity in the vessel wall by ameliorating endothelial damage in diabetes. This effect may contribute to the regulation of cytokine-mediated vascular homeostasis and mineral deposition in the aorta; therefore, further comprehensive studies are proposed to demonstrate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Anapali
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology Department, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya Dagistanli
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Seda Akdemir
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Komurcu-Bayrak
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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High levels of osteoprotegerin are associated with coronary artery calcification in patients suspected of a chronic coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18946. [PMID: 34556709 PMCID: PMC8460823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important regulators in the process of vascular calcification (VC). In population studies, high levels of OPG are associated with events. In animal studies, however, high OPG levels result in reduction of VC. VSMC-derived EVs are assumed to be responsible for OPG transport and VC but this role has not been studied. For this, we investigated the association between OPG in plasma and circulating EVs with coronary artery calcium (CAC) as surrogate for VC in symptomatic patients. We retrospectively assessed 742 patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). CAC scores were determined on the MPI-CT images using a previously developed automated algorithm. Levels of OPG were quantified in plasma and two EV-subpopulations (LDL and TEX), using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Circulating levels of OPG were independently associated with CAC scores in plasma; OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.17–1.65), and both EV populations; EV-LDL; OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.27–1.80) and EV-TEX; OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.02–1.42). High levels of OPG in plasma were independently associated with CAC scores in this symptomatic patient cohort. High levels of EV-derived OPG showed the same positive association with CAC scores, suggesting that EV-derived OPG mirrors the same pathophysiological process as plasma OPG.
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28
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Dutka M, Bobiński R, Wojakowski W, Francuz T, Pająk C, Zimmer K. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL-RANK-OPG-TRAIL signalling axis in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1395-1411. [PMID: 34313900 PMCID: PMC9197867 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of bone remodelling. OPG regulates osteoclast activity by blocking the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL). More and more studies confirm the relationship between OPG and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that a high plasma concentration of OPG and a low concentration of tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) together with a high OPG/TRAIL ratio are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. A high plasma OPG concentration and a high ratio of OPG/TRAIL in the acute myocardial infarction are a prognostic indicator of adverse left ventricular remodelling and of the development of heart failure. Ever more data indicates the participation of OPG in the regulation of the function of vascular endothelial cells and the initiation of the atherosclerotic process in the arteries. Additionally, it has been shown that TRAIL has a protective effect on blood vessels and exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The mechanisms of action of both OPG and TRAIL within the cells of the vascular wall are complex and remain largely unclear. However, these mechanisms of action as well as their interaction in the local vascular environment are of great interest to researchers. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action of OPG and TRAIL in the circulatory system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may allow their use as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Pająk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa St. 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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29
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Lu Y, Yuan T, Min X, Yuan Z, Cai Z. AMPK: Potential Therapeutic Target for Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:670222. [PMID: 34046440 PMCID: PMC8144331 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an urgent worldwide health issue with no available medical treatment. It is an active cell-driven process by osteogenic differentiation of vascular cells with complex mechanisms. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as the master sensor of cellular energy status. Accumulating evidence reveals the vital role of AMPK in VC progression. AMPK is involved in VC in various ways, including inhibiting runt-related transcription factor 2 signaling pathways, triggering autophagy, attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and dynamic-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. AMPK activators, like metformin, are associated with reduced calcification deposits in certain groups of patients, indicating that AMPK is a potential therapeutic target for VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjia Min
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Jiaxing, China
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30
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Deligiorgi MV, Panayiotidis MI, Siasos G, Trafalis DT. Osteoporosis Entwined with Cardiovascular Disease: The Implication of Osteoprotegerin and the Example of Statins. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1443-1467. [PMID: 31971101 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200123151132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Beyond being epiphenomenon of shared epidemiological factors, the integration of Osteoporosis (OP) with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - termed "calcification paradox" - reflects a continuum of aberrant cardiometabolic status. The present review provides background knowledge on "calcification paradox", focusing on the endocrine aspect of vasculature orchestrated by the osteoblastic molecular fingerprint of vascular cells, acquired via imbalance among established modulators of mineralization. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), the well-established osteoprotective cytokine, has recently been shown to exert a vessel-modifying role. Prompted by this notion, the present review interrogates OPG as the potential missing link between OP and CVD. However, so far, the confirmation of this hypothesis is hindered by the equivocal role of OPG in CVD, being both proatherosclerotic and antiatherosclerotic. Further research is needed to illuminate whether OPG could be a biomarker of the "calcification paradox". Moreover, the present review brings into prominence the dual role of statins - cardioprotective and osteoprotective - as a potential illustration of the integration of CVD with OP. Considering that the statins-induced modulation of OPG is central to the statins-driven osteoprotective signalling, statins could be suggested as an illustration of the role of OPG in the bone/vessels crosstalk, if further studies consolidate the contribution of OPG to the cardioprotective role of statins. Another outstanding issue that merits further evaluation is the inconsistency of the osteoprotective role of statins. Further understanding of the varying bone-modifying role of statins, likely attributed to the unique profile of different classes of statins defined by distinct physicochemical characteristics, may yield tangible benefits for treating simultaneously OP and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Department of Pharmacology - Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Group of Translational Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building A516, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1st Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vas Sofias, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Department of Pharmacology - Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Building 16, 1st Floor, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece
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31
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Jung S, Joo NS, Kim YN, Choi BH. Cut-off value of serum homocysteine in relation to increase of coronary artery calcification. J Investig Med 2021; 69:345-350. [PMID: 33148632 PMCID: PMC7848052 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A recent study reported that coronary artery calcification (CAC) and serum homocysteine were well associated; however, no report is available for the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to increase of coronary-artery calcification volume score (CVS). The data of 469 out of 777 subjects in 1 health promotion center located in Seoul were selected after exclusion of the missing data of serum homocysteine and CVS. CVS was categorized into 2 groups: CVS=0 and CVS>0. Serum homocysteine according to the CVS groups was compared, and the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean age was 54.5 years and the proportion of females was 22.2%. Mean serum homocysteine concentration and CVS were 11.2 μmol/L and 50.4, respectively. After adjustments for age and sex, serum homocysteine was associated with CVS (r=0.167, p=0.001), and Log(Homocysteine) also showed a significant difference according to the CVS groups. The cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was 9.45 μmol/L (area under the curve=0.569 (95% CI 0.512 to 0.625), p=0.015). The cut-off value of serum homocysteine was 9.45 μmol/L according to the increase of coronary-artery CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Beom-Hee Choi
- Functional Medicine Clinic, GCIMED, Seoul, South Korea
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Salam S, Gallagher O, Gossiel F, Paggiosi M, Eastell R, Khwaja A. Vascular calcification relationship to vascular biomarkers and bone metabolism in advanced chronic kidney disease. Bone 2021; 143:115699. [PMID: 33091638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) and renal osteodystrophy are important complications of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) is able to assess bone microstructure in renal osteodystrophy and lower leg arterial calcification (LLAC) is usually seen as an incidental finding. LLAC can be a useful quantitative assessment of VC in CKD but the relationship between LLAC and vascular biomarkers and bone is unknown. We aimed to assess the relationship between LLAC and biomarkers, bone turnover and microstructure. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, fasting blood samples were taken from 69 CKD stages 4-5D patients and 68 healthy controls. HRpQCT of distal tibia and radius were performed. 43 CKD patients had trans-iliac bone biopsy after tetracycline labelling. RESULTS LLAC was more severe in CKD than controls (median [IQR] 1.043 [0.05-16.52] vs 0 [0-0.55] mgHA, p < 0.001). CKD patients with diabetes (28%) had significantly higher LLAC compared to non-diabetic CKD (median [IQR] 24.07 [3.42-61.30] vs 0.23 [0-3.78] mgHA, p < 0.001). LLAC mass in CKD correlated with serum phosphate (rho = 0.29, p < 0.05), calcium x phosphate product (rho = 0.31, p < 0.05), intact parathyroid hormone (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01), intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (iFGF23) (rho = 0.40, p = 0.001), total alkaline phosphatase (rho = 0.41, p < 0.001), bone alkaline phosphatase (rho = 0.29, p < 0.05), osteocalcin (rho = 0.32, p < 0.05), osteoprotegerin (rho = 0.40, p = 0.001) and dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (rho = 0.31, p < 0.05). LLAC in CKD also correlated with worse distal tibia cortical bone mineral density, thickness and porosity. No association was found between LLAC and bone turnover, mineralization or volume on biopsy in CKD. In multivariate analysis, only age, diabetes, iPTH and iFGF23 were independently associated with LLAC in CKD. CONCLUSIONS High levels of PTH and FGF23, along with older age and the presence of diabetes may all play independent roles in the development of LLAC in advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazrah Salam
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Orla Gallagher
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fatma Gossiel
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Paggiosi
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Arif Khwaja
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Transcriptional Programming in Arteriosclerotic Disease: A Multifaceted Function of the Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:20-34. [PMID: 33115268 PMCID: PMC7770073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, the cardiovascular complications remain a major clinical and societal issue worldwide. Increased vascular calcification promotes arterial stiffness and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Upregulation of the Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), an essential osteogenic transcription factor for bone formation, in the cardiovascular system has emerged as an important regulator for adverse cellular events that drive cardiovascular pathology. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that are critical for Runx2 expression and function and highlights the dynamic and complex cross talks of a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, in regulating Runx2 stability, cellular localization, and osteogenic transcriptional activity. How the activation of an array of signaling cascades by circulating and local microenvironmental factors upregulates Runx2 in vascular cells and promotes Runx2-mediated osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate macrophage infiltration and vascular osteoclast formation is summarized. Furthermore, the increasing appreciation of a new role of Runx2 upregulation in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and Runx2 modulated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and Runx2-dependent repression of smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression are discussed. Further exploring the regulation of this key osteogenic transcription factor and its new perspectives in the vasculature will provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch, reprograming, and vascular inflammation that promote the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Yao H, Sun Z, Zang G, Zhang L, Hou L, Shao C, Wang Z. Epidemiological Research Advances in Vascular Calcification in Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:4461311. [PMID: 34631895 PMCID: PMC8500764 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4461311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is the transformation of arterial wall mesenchymal cells, particularly smooth muscle cells (SMCs), into osteoblast phenotypes by various pathological factors. Additionally, vascular transformation mediates the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the vascular wall, such as intimal and media calcification. Various pathological types have been described, such as calcification and valve calcification. The incidence of vascular calcification in patients with diabetes is much higher than that in nondiabetic patients, representing a critical cause of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Because basic research on the clinical transformation of vascular calcification has yet to be conducted, this study systematically expounds on the risk factors for vascular calcification, vascular bed differences, sex differences, ethnic differences, diagnosis, severity assessments, and treatments to facilitate the identification of a new entry point for basic research and subsequent clinical transformation regarding vascular calcification and corresponding clinical evaluation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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35
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Migacz M, Janoska-Gawrońska A, Holecki M, Chudek J. The role of osteoprotegerin in the development, progression and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:457-463. [PMID: 33336003 PMCID: PMC7712403 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) appears to be a very promising marker both in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and as a potential target in its treatment. This article presents an overview of the current literature that discusses the role of OPG in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its potential value as a prognostic factor in AAA. Pharmacological modulation of OPG expression has been considered. In conclusion, it seems that further research designed to assess the relationship between OPG and AAA is needed as this may contribute to improved AAA monitoring and more effective treatment of patients with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Migacz
- Department and Clinic of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Janoska-Gawrońska
- Department and Clinic of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Holecki
- Department and Clinic of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Cancer Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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36
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Nie J, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. The role of oxidized phospholipids in the development of disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100909. [PMID: 33023753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), complex mixtures of phospholipid oxidation products generated during normal or pathological processes, are increasingly recognized to show bioactive effects on many cellular signalling pathways. There is a growing body of evidence showing that OxPLs play an important role in many diseases, so it is essential to define the specific role of OxPLs in different diseases for the design of disease therapies. In vastly diverse pathological processes, OxPLs act as pro-inflammatory agents and contribute to the progression of many diseases; in addition, they play a role in anti-inflammatory processes, promoting the dissipation of inflammation and inhibiting the progression of some diseases. In addition to participating in the regulation of inflammatory responses, OxPLs affect the occurrence and development of diseases through other pathways, such as apoptosis promotion. In this review, the different and even opposite effects of different OxPL molecular species are discussed. Furthermore, the specific effects of OxPLs in various diseases, as well as the receptor and cellular mechanisms involved, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, 650032, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Giannelou M, Skarlis C, Stamouli A, Antypa E, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Atherosclerosis in SLE: a potential role for serum parathormone levels. Lupus Sci Med 2020; 7:7/1/e000393. [PMID: 32913010 PMCID: PMC7484862 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective A link between bone metabolism and cardiovascular (CV) disease has been suggested mainly in the general population. In the current study we explored whether altered bone metabolism influence CV risk in patients with SLE. Methods In 138 consecutive patients with SLE, atherosclerosis was assessed by the presence of plaque and/or arterial wall thickening in carotid/femoral arteries by ultrasound. Bone mineral density (BMD) levels and hip/spinal cord fractures together with classical CV disease and osteoporosis risk factors including serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and parathormone (PTH) levels were recorded in all patients. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand were quantitated by commercial ELISA. Statistical analysis included both univariate and multivariate models. Results Abnormal PTH serum concentrations (>65 pg/mL)—but not 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum levels—were identified as a risk factor for both plaque formation and arterial wall thickening in patients with SLE (ORs (95% CIs): 8.2 (1.8 to 37.4) and 3.9 (1.3 to 11.8), respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for vitamin D3 levels and classical CV risk factors. Moreover, an independent association between osteoporosis with plaque formation and arterial wall thickening was detected following adjustment for total steroid dose, premature menopause and disease duration (ORs (95% CIs): 5.3 (1.1 to 26.2) and 3.5 (1.1 to 11.4), respectively). An inverse correlation between femoral neck BMD values and intima–medial thickness scores was also observed (r: −0.42, p=0.008). Conclusions These findings further strengthen the concept of shared pathophysiological mechanisms between atherogenesis and altered bone metabolism in autoimmune populations, revealing heightened PTH levels as a potential marker for atherosclerosis among patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Giannelou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Georgios Gennimatas, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Antypa
- Department of Radiology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Georgios Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece .,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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38
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Machin DR, Auduong Y, Gogulamudi VR, Liu Y, Islam MT, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression attenuates large artery stiffening with advancing age. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11314-11324. [PMID: 32564006 PMCID: PMC7343505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is accompanied by aortic stiffening that is associated with decreased vascular expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1). Interventions that increase SIRT-1 expression also lower age-related aortic stiffness. Therefore, we sought to determine if lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression would attenuate age-related aortic stiffening. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed from 3-24 months in SIRT-1 transgenic overexpressing (SIRTTG) and wild-type (WT) mice. To determine the role of aortic structural changes on aortic stiffening, histological assessment of aortic wall characteristics was performed. Across the age range (3-24 mo), PWV was 8-17% lower in SIRTTG vs. WT (P<0.05). Moreover, the slope of age-related aortic stiffening was lower in SIRTTG vs. WT (2.1±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.3 cm/sec/mo, respectively). Aortic elastin decreased with advancing age in WT (P<0.05 old vs. young WT), but was maintained in SIRTTG mice (P>0.05). There was an age-related increase in aortic collagen, advanced glycation end products, and calcification in WT (P<0.05 old vs. young WT). However, this did not occur in SIRTTG (P>0.05). These findings indicate that lifelong SIRT-1 overexpression attenuates age-related aortic stiffening. These functional data are complemented by histological assessment, demonstrating that the deleterious changes to the aortic wall that normally occur with advancing age are prevented in SIRTTG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Yauling Auduong
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Yu Liu
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Md. Torikul Islam
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Biochemistry, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- VA Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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39
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Patil MS, Cartland SP, Kavurma MM. TRAIL signals, extracellular matrix and vessel remodelling. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R73-R84. [PMID: 32923976 PMCID: PMC7439926 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential part of the vasculature, not only providing structural support to the blood vessel wall, but also in its ability to interact with cells to regulate cell phenotype and function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and death – processes important in vascular remodelling. Increasing evidence implicates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signalling in the modulation of vascular cell function and remodelling under normal and pathological conditions such as in atherosclerosis. TRAIL can also stimulate synthesis of multiple ECM components within blood vessels. This review explores the relationship between TRAIL signals, the ECM, and its implications in vessel remodelling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Pereira L, Frazão JM. The bone-vessel axis in chronic kidney disease: An update on biochemical players and its future role in laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:221-227. [PMID: 32422129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular wall calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, VC is more frequent and severe than in the general population and it is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In the last years, laboratory and clinical evidence have drawn the attention to the relationship between bone disease and VC in CKD patients, leading to the concept of a bone-vessel or bone-vascular axis. It means that disorders of bone volume and bone turnover may influence the risk of VC and ultimately the high risk of cardiovascular mortality. In fact, a higher burden of VC has been associated to low bone volume and low bone turnover in hemodialysis (HD) patients with renal osteodystrophy characterized by histomorphometric evaluation of bone biopsies. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of bone cells and vascular cells in CKD are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss relevant evidence linking bone disorders and VC in CKD and also rising molecular players involved in this bone-vascular axis. Indeed, accumulating data is available for two proposed systems: receptor activator for nuclear factor kB (RANK)/ RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and inhibitors of Wnt signaling - mainly sclerostin. Although they are promising biochemical markers linking bone formation and bone reabsorption with VC, there is a long way to go as long evidence from laboratory studies is often divergent to the clinical data as will be discussed. Future prospective studies are needed in order to evaluate the role of these biochemical players as useful clinical markers for VC, bone volume and perhaps bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; INEB - National Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Nephrology, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - João M Frazão
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; INEB - National Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Nephrology, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.
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Sapunarova K, Goranova-Marinova V, Georgiev P, Deneva T, Tsvetkova S, Grudeva-Popova Z. Associations of serum sclerostin with bone mineral density, markers of bone metabolism and thalassaemia characteristics in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia. Ann Med 2020; 52:94-108. [PMID: 32212941 PMCID: PMC7877979 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1744708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: To assess serum sclerostin in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients versus healthy controls and to examine its associations with bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers and beta thalassaemia alterations.Material and methods: Sixty-two transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDßT) patients and 30 healthy controls were evaluated for serum sclerostin, osteocalcin, beta-cross laps, osteoprotegerin and serum level of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (sRANKL). Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Thalassaemia characteristics were collected from the patients' medical records.Results: A significantly higher sclerostin level (median 565.50 pmol/L) was observed in the transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients vs. the healthy controls (median 48.65 pmol/L, p < .001). Sclerostin showed significant associations with the Z-scores at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, osteocalcin, beta-cross laps, osteoprotegerin, sRANKL, pretransfusion haemoglobin, liver iron concentration and female gonadal state. Significantly higher levels of sclerostin were observed in splenectomized TDßT patients and in those with fragility fractures. Age, sex, body mass index, disease severity, serum ferritin, cardiac T2* and male gonadal state did not show significant associations with sclerostin.Conclusion: Sclerostin may play a role in the bone pathophysiology of beta-thalassaemia patients and could serve as a marker of severe osteoporosis.KEY MЕSSAGESSerum sclerostin is more than 10-fold higher in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia compared to healthy controls.Serum sclerostin is negatively associated with bone mineral density and the bone synthesis markers and positively with the bone resorption indices.Serum sclerostin is significantly associated with pre-transfusion haemoglobin, liver iron concentration, splenectomy status and fragility fracture events in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia.Serum sclerostin could serve as a marker of severe osteoporosis in beta-thalassaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Sapunarova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselina Goranova-Marinova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Pencho Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Deneva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Tsvetkova
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhanet Grudeva-Popova
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Over the last decades, the association between vascular calcification (VC) and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality, especially in patients with high atherogenic status, such as those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, has been repeatedly highlighted. For over a century, VC has been noted as a passive, degenerative, aging process without any treatment options. However, during the past decades, studies confirmed that mineralization of the arteries is an active, complex process, similar to bone genesis and formation. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update of the existing biomarkers of VC in serum and develop the various pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the calcification process, including the pivotal roles of matrix Gla protein, osteoprotegerin, bone morphogenetic proteins, fetuin-a, fibroblast growth-factor-23, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, sclerostin, pyrophosphate, Smads, fibrillin-1 and carbonic anhydrase II.
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Wu PH, Lin YT, Chen CS, Chiu YW, Tsai JC, Kuo PL, Hsu YL, Ljunggren Ö, Fellström B, Kuo MC. Associations of Bone Turnover Markers with Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8641749. [PMID: 32377274 PMCID: PMC7196142 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8641749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing hemodialysis experience a greater risk of cognitive impairment than the general population, but limited data elucidates the biomarkers on this. We evaluated the association of bone turnover markers on cognitive function among 251 prevalent hemodialysis enrollees in a cross-sectional study. METHODS 251 hemodialysis patients (median age = 57.8, 55% men) and 37 control subjects (mean age = 61.2, 56% men) without a prior stroke or dementia diagnosis were enrolled. Serum concentrations of 8 bone markers were analyzed as the association of cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI)) using linear regression analysis. RESULTS A lower cognitive function was noted in hemodialysis patients compared to control subjects. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was the only bone marker found to be associated with cognitive function (MoCA and CASI tests) in hemodialysis patients without a prior stroke or dementia diagnosis. In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the association remained significant in MoCA (β = 1.14, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.11) and CASI (β = 3.06, 95% CI 0.24 to 5.88). Short-term memory (β = 0.52, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.02), mental manipulation (β = 0.51, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.96), and abstract thinking (β = 0.57, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.09) were the significant subdomains in the CASI score related to RANKL. CONCLUSIONS Serum RANKL levels were potentially associated with better cognitive function in hemodialysis patients. Further large-scale and prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Chia Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dai L, Debowska M, Lukaszuk T, Bobrowski L, Barany P, Söderberg M, Thiagarajan D, Frostegård J, Wennberg L, Lindholm B, Qureshi AR, Waniewski J, Stenvinkel P. Phenotypic features of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2020; 287:422-434. [PMID: 31823455 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) are predisposed to vascular calcification (VC), but the combined effect of factors associated with VC was sparsely investigated. We applied the relaxed linear separability (RLS) feature selection model to identify features that concomitantly associate with VC in CKD5 patients. METHODS Epigastric arteries collected during surgery from living donor kidney transplant recipients were examined to score the histological extent of medial VC. Sixty-two phenotypic features in 152 patients were entered into RLS model to differentiate between no-minimal VC (n = 93; score 0-1) and moderate-extensive VC (n = 59; score 2-3). The subset of features associated with VC was selected on the basis of cross-validation procedure. The strength of association of the selected features with VC was expressed by the absolute value of 'RLS factor'. RESULTS Among 62 features, a subset of 17 features provided optimal prediction of VC with 89% of patients correctly classified into their groups. The 17 features included traditional risk factors (diabetes, age, cholesterol, BMI and male sex) and markers of bone metabolism, endothelial function, metabolites, serum antibodies and mitochondrial-derived peptide. Positive RLS factors range from 1.26 to 4.05 indicating features associated with increased risk of VC, and negative RLS factors range from -0.95 to -1.83 indicating features associated with reduced risk of VC. CONCLUSION The RLS model identified 17 features including novel biomarkers and traditional risk factors that together concomitantly associated with medial VC. These results may inform further investigations of factors promoting VC in CKD5 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- From the, Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Debowska
- Department for Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Processes, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Lukaszuk
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - L Bobrowski
- Department for Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Processes, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - P Barany
- From the, Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Söderberg
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Thiagarajan
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Frostegård
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Wennberg
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Lindholm
- From the, Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A R Qureshi
- From the, Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Waniewski
- Department for Mathematical Modeling of Physiological Processes, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Stenvinkel
- From the, Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Osteoprotegerin promotes intimal hyperplasia and contributes to in-stent restenosis: Role of an αVβ3/FAK dependent YAP pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:1-13. [PMID: 31958462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are related to in-stent-restenosis (ISR) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been implicated in various vascular diseases. However, the effects of OPG on ISR and the underlying mechanism remained elusive. We here investigated the association between OPG and ISR, and to demonstrate the role and potential mechanisms of OPG in neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS From 2962 patients who received coronary angiography and follow-up coronary angiography at approximately one year, 291 patients were diagnosed with ISR, and another 291 gender- and age- matched patients without ISR were selected as controls. Serum OPG levels were significantly increased in patients with ISR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that OPG level was independently associated with the increased risk of ISR. In a mouse femoral artery wire injury model, upregulated OPG was evidenced in vascular tissue after injury. OPG deletion attenuated the vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia and related gene expression in mice. OPG promoted neointimal hyperplasia and human aortic smooth muscle cell (hASMC) proliferation and migration through activation of yes-associated protein (YAP), a major downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, whereas knockdown or inhibition of YAP in hASMCs blunted OPG-induced above effects. Moreover, we found that OPG, as a ligand for integrin αVβ3, mediated phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and actin cytoskeleton reorganization, resulting in YAP dephosphorylation in hASMCs. OPG-dependent YAP and VSMC activation was prevented by treatment with αVβ3-blocking antibodies and inhibitors of FAK and actin stress fibers. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum OPG levels are associated with increased risk of ISR following PCI and OPG could promote neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury through integrin αVβ3 mediated FAK and YAP activation, indicating OPG/YAP inhibition might serve as an attractive novel target for the prevention of ISR after PCI.
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Rogers MA, Aikawa E. Cardiovascular calcification: artificial intelligence and big data accelerate mechanistic discovery. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:261-274. [PMID: 30531869 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a health disorder with increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality. The only available therapeutic options for calcific vascular and valvular heart disease are invasive transcatheter procedures or surgeries that do not fully address the wide spectrum of these conditions; therefore, an urgent need exists for medical options. Cardiovascular calcification is an active process, which provides a potential opportunity for effective therapeutic targeting. Numerous biological processes are involved in calcific disease, including matrix remodelling, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium and phosphate signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid and mineral metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, loss of mineralization inhibition, impaired mineral resorption, cellular senescence and extracellular vesicles that act as precursors of microcalcification. Advances in molecular imaging and big data technology, including in multiomics and network medicine, and the integration of these approaches are helping to provide a more comprehensive map of human disease. In this Review, we discuss ectopic calcification processes in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on emerging mechanistic knowledge obtained through patient data and advances in imaging methods, experimental models and multiomics-generated big data. We also highlight the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning to integrate imaging and mechanistic data for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Valentini A, Cianfarani MA, Federici M, Tarantino U, Bertoli A. Osteoprotegerin in diabetic osteopathy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:49-55. [PMID: 31757570 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between OPG and the degree of glycaemic control in a population of elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Data presented included 172 elderly subjects, of whom 107 were hospitalized for a hip fracture and 65 were non fractured outpatients. All participants received a multidimensional geriatric evaluation and underwent blood sampling. HbA1c, OPG, CTX and OC were measured and DXA scans were performed. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured in all outpatients. Diabetic patients had more comorbidities, higher mean values of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and T-score, lower circulating levels of OC and CTX, and higher circulating levels of OPG compared to non-diabetic subjects. OPG was directly correlated with HbA1c. This association was most evident in non-fractured elderly subjects. Moreover, diabetic patients with IMT>1.5 mm had greater mean values of OPG than non-diabetic subjects with high IMT and than elderly subjects with IMT < 1.5 mm, with and without T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients have reduced circulating levels of OC and CTX, and elevated serum levels of OPG, suggesting a state of low bone turnover. Reduced bone turnover causes an increase of BMD and could lead to a poor bone quality. OPG and HbA1c were directly correlated and OPG mean values were higher in diabetic patients with poor glucose control. Diabetic osteopathy could be considered a late complication of T2DM, directly related with the degree of glucose control and the duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A Cianfarani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Bertoli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Luna-Luna M, Criales-Vera S, Medina-Leyte D, Díaz-Zamudio M, Flores-Zapata A, Cruz-Robles D, López-Meneses M, Olvera-Cruz S, Ramírez-Marroquín S, Flores-Castillo C, Fragoso JM, Carreón-Torres E, Vargas-Barrón J, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez Ó. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteopontin Gene Expression in Epicardial Adipose Tissue from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Is Associated with the Presence of Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaques. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1943-1951. [PMID: 32606854 PMCID: PMC7295210 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been proposed that the cardiovascular effects of obesity are related to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which seems to play an active role on the development and calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, but the mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the EAT expresses the genes of calcifying factors and whether such expression is associated with the body mass index (BMI) and with the presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-three patients with CAD were enrolled specifically for this study, and their CAC score and EAT volume were determined by computed tomography. As the group of comparison, 41 patients with aortic valve stenosis and CAC = 0 were included (control group). A representative subgroup of 16 CAD patients and 23 controls were selected to obtain EAT biopsies during the chirurgical procedure from the atrio-interventricular groove. The mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4 (BMP-2, BMP-4), osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in EAT was determined by qPCR. RESULTS The gene expression of OPN and BMP-2 was 70% and 52% higher in the EAT from CAD patients than that in controls, respectively, whereas the expression of OPG, ON, and BMP-4 was similar in both groups. The EAT volume positively correlated with OPG and with the BMI, suggesting a relationship of obesity with local higher expression of calcifying genes in the coronary territory. The logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of both OPN and BMP-2 increased about 6 and 8 times the odds of coronary calcification (CAC score > 0), respectively. CONCLUSION EAT correlated with BMI and expressed the mRNA of calcifying genes but only OPN and BMP-2 expression was higher in CAD patients. Higher levels of both OPN and BMP-2 statistically determined the presence of calcium in coronary arteries of CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luna-Luna
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Criales-Vera
- Radiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Medina-Leyte
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Díaz-Zamudio
- Radiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Flores-Zapata
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cruz-Robles
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio López-Meneses
- Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Olvera-Cruz
- Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Vargas-Barrón
- Research Direction, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Óscar Pérez-Méndez Molecular Biology Department, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, MexicoTel +52 55 55732911 ext 26300 Email
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Blassova T, Tonar Z, Tomasek P, Hosek P, Hollan I, Treska V, Molacek J. Inflammatory cell infiltrates, hypoxia, vascularization, pentraxin 3 and osteoprotegerin in abdominal aortic aneurysms - A quantitative histological study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224818. [PMID: 31703088 PMCID: PMC6839860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the tissue characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), some of which may be reflected in the serum, can help to elucidate AAA pathogenesis and identify new AAA biomarkers. This information would be beneficial not only for diagnostics and follow-up but also for potential therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the expression of structural proteins, immune factors (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and pentraxin 3 (PTX3)), osteoprotegerin (OPG), microvessels and hypoxic cells in AAA and nonaneurysmal aortic walls. We examined specimens collected during surgery for AAA repair (n = 39) and from the abdominal aortas of kidney donors without AAA (n = 8). Using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we quantified the areas positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, elastin, collagen, OPG, CD3, CD20, MAC387, myeloperoxidase, PTX3, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and the density of CD31-positive microvessels. AAA samples contained significantly less actin, desmin, elastin and OPG, more collagen, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, hypoxic cells and PTX3, and a greater density of vasa vasorum (VV) than those in non-AAA samples. Hypoxia positively correlated with actin and negatively correlated with collagen. Microvascular density was related to inflammatory cell infiltrates, hypoxia, PTX3 expression and AAA diameter. The lower OPG expression in AAAs supports the notion of its protective role in AAA remodeling. AAA contained altered amounts of structural proteins, implying reduced vascular elasticity. PTX3 was upregulated in AAA and colocalized with inflammatory infiltrates. This evidence supports further evaluation of PTX3 as a candidate marker of AAA. The presence of aortic hypoxia, despite hypervascularization, suggests that hypoxia-induced neoangiogenesis may play a role in AAA pathogenesis. VV angiogenesis of the AAA wall increases its vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Blassova
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tomasek
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hosek
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vladislav Treska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Molacek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Chronic Kidney Disease and the Pathophysiology of Valvular Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1195-1207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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