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Patel NA, Lui A, Trujillo AN, Motawe ZY, Bader D, Schuster J, Burgess A, Alves NG, Jo M, Breslin JW. Female and male obese Zucker rats display differential inflammatory mediator and long non-coding RNA profiles. Life Sci 2023; 335:122285. [PMID: 37995934 PMCID: PMC10760426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to identify mediators in peri-lymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT) that are altered in obese versus lean Zucker rats, with focus on potential sex differences MAIN METHODS: Mesenteric PLAT was analyzed with protein and lncRNA arrays. Additional RT-PCR confirmation was performed with epididymal/ovarian fat. KEY FINDINGS MCP-1, TCK-1, Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and neuropilin-1 were elevated in PLAT from obese rats of both sexes. However, 11 additional proteins were elevated only in obese males while 24 different proteins were elevated in obese females. Profiling of lncRNAs revealed lean males have elevated levels of NEAT1, MALAT1 and GAS5 compared to lean females. NEAT1, MALAT1, and GAS5 were significantly reduced with obesity in males but not in females. Another lncRNA, HOTAIR, was higher in lean females compared to males, and its levels in females were reduced with obesity. Obese rats of both sexes had similar histologic findings of mesenteric macrophage crown-like structures and hepatocyte fat accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE While obese male and female Zucker rats both have increased inflammation, they have distinct signals. Future studies of the proteome and lncRNA landscape of obese males vs. females in various animal models and in human subjects are warranted to better guide development of therapeutics for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Andrea N Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Zeinab Y Motawe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Deena Bader
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Jane Schuster
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea Burgess
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Natascha G Alves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Michiko Jo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; Division of Presymptomatic Disease, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America.
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He K, Zhou X, Du H, Zhao J, Deng R, Wang J. A review on the relationship between Arachidonic acid 15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16239. [PMID: 37849828 PMCID: PMC10578307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), as one of the lipoxygenase family, is mainly responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of various fatty acids to produce a variety of lipid components, contributing to the pathophysiological processes of various immune and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that ALOX15 and its related products are widely distributed in human tissues and related to multiple diseases such as liver, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the disease studied in this article, is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose levels, which is significantly related to inflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and other mechanisms, and it has a high incidence in the population, accompanied by a variety of complications. Figuring out how ALOX15 is involved in DM is critical to understanding its role in diseases. Therefore, ALOX15 inhibitors or combination therapy containing inhibitors may deliver a novel research direction for the treatment of DM and its complications. This article aims to review the biological effect and the possible function of ALOX15 in the pathogenesis of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
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Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial of the effect of captopril, telmisartan and their combination on systemic inflammation of patients on hemodialysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17568. [PMID: 36266534 PMCID: PMC9584892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate individual and combined effect of captopril and telmisartan on systemic inflammation markers of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Patients on HD at least 2 months, with arteriovenous fistula, were randomly allocated to groups: (1) captopril/placebo (N 13); (2) telmisartan/placebo (N 13); (3) captopril + telmisartan (N 12); or (4) placebo/placebo (N 12). During 3 months, patients received oral drugs as follows: captopril 50 mg/day, telmisartan 80 mg/day or placebo. Patients excluded if they had conditions or were on drugs potentially influencing on inflammation. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were performed monthly. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 months. Baseline, demographic, clinical and biochemical variables were comparable between groups. Baseline versus final inflammatory markers were: captopril/placebo TNFα, 2.47 (0.1-4.5) versus 1.73 (0.3-3.8) pg/ml; IL-6, 17.03 (7.2-23) versus 7.90 (0.7-19) pg/ml; CRP, 4.21 (1.6-18) versus 5.9 (3.0-28) mg/l; telmisartan/placebo TNFα, 3.03 (2.3-4.6) versus 1.70 (1.2-2.0) pg/ml; IL-6, 14.10 (5.5-23) versus 9.85 (6.2-13) pg/ml; CRP, 5.74 (2.1-13) versus 10.60 (1.5-27) mg/l; captopril + telmisartan TNFα, 1.43 (0.7-5.4) versus 0.40 (0.1-2.1) pg/ml; IL-6, 10.05 (4.9-23) versus 4.00 (0.7-7.7) pg/ml (p < 0.05); CRP, 3.26 (0.7-12) versus 2.83 (0.6-6.5) mg/l; placebo/placebo TNFα, 3.13 (1.6-5.6) versus 1.64 (1.6-2.3) pg/ml; IL-6, 8.12 (5.4-16) versus 7.60 (2.4-15) pg/ml; CRP, 5.23 (1.9-16) versus 3.13 (1.5-18) mg/l. Monotherapy with captopril or telmisartan display a trend, but their combined treatment significantly decreased serum levels of IL-6. No remarkable changes on TNFα and CRP were observed.
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Lin H, Geurts F, Hassler L, Batlle D, Mirabito Colafella KM, Denton KM, Zhuo JL, Li XC, Ramkumar N, Koizumi M, Matsusaka T, Nishiyama A, Hoogduijn MJ, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Kidney Angiotensin in Cardiovascular Disease: Formation and Drug Targeting. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:462-505. [PMID: 35710133 PMCID: PMC9553117 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of local formation of angiotensin II in the kidney has changed over the last 10-15 years. Local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule has been proposed, combined with prorenin synthesis in the collecting duct. Binding of prorenin via the so-called (pro)renin receptor has been introduced, as well as megalin-mediated uptake of filtered plasma-derived renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Moreover, angiotensin metabolites other than angiotensin II [notably angiotensin-(1-7)] exist, and angiotensins exert their effects via three different receptors, of which angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors are considered renoprotective, possibly in a sex-specific manner, whereas angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are believed to be deleterious. Additionally, internalized angiotensin II may stimulate intracellular receptors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) not only generates angiotensin-(1-7) but also acts as coronavirus receptor. Multiple, if not all, cardiovascular diseases involve the kidney RAS, with renal AT1 receptors often being claimed to exert a crucial role. Urinary RAS component levels, depending on filtration, reabsorption, and local release, are believed to reflect renal RAS activity. Finally, both existing drugs (RAS inhibitors, cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and novel drugs (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, soluble ACE2) affect renal angiotensin formation, thereby displaying cardiovascular efficacy. Particular in the case of the latter three, an important question is to what degree they induce renoprotection (e.g., in a renal RAS-dependent manner). This review provides a unifying view, explaining not only how kidney angiotensin formation occurs and how it is affected by drugs but also why drugs are renoprotective when altering the renal RAS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Angiotensin formation in the kidney is widely accepted but little understood, and multiple, often contrasting concepts have been put forward over the last two decades. This paper offers a unifying view, simultaneously explaining how existing and novel drugs exert renoprotection by interfering with kidney angiotensin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Frank Geurts
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Luise Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Kate M Denton
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Xiao C Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Masahiro Koizumi
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
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Han Z, Ma K, Tao H, Liu H, Zhang J, Sai X, Li Y, Chi M, Nian Q, Song L, Liu C. A Deep Insight Into Regulatory T Cell Metabolism in Renal Disease: Facts and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826732. [PMID: 35251009 PMCID: PMC8892604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease encompasses a complex set of diseases that can aggravate or start systemic pathophysiological processes through their complex metabolic mechanisms and effects on body homoeostasis. The prevalence of kidney disease has increased dramatically over the last two decades. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune disease and tissue damage caused by excessive or unnecessary immune activation, including autoimmune kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in controlling the plasticity, stability, and function of Treg cells. They are also likely to play a vital role in limiting kidney transplant rejection and potentially promoting transplant tolerance. Metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial function, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, glutaminolysis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, are involved in the development of renal diseases by modulating the function and proliferation of Treg cells. Targeting metabolic pathways to alter Treg cells can offer a promising method for renal disease therapy. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the role of Treg cell metabolism in renal diseases by presenting the renal microenvironment、relevant metabolites of Treg cell metabolism, and the role of Treg cell metabolism in various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hongxia Tao
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion Sicuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Jensen LJ, Lund MA, Salomonsson M, Goetze JP, Jonassen TE, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Axelsen LN, Sørensen CM. Diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with increased renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II after imitated endothelial dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shah H, Khan MSH, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. The triumvirate: why hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors for adverse effects in patients with COVID-19. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:831-843. [PMID: 33587177 PMCID: PMC7882857 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a pandemic. The cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a membrane-bound homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Henceforth, this has brought the attention of the scientific community to study the interaction between COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as well as RAS inhibitors. However, these inhibitors are commonly used to treat hypertension, chronic kidney disorder, and diabetes. Obesity is a known risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, whereas diabetes and hypertension may be indirectly related to each other through the effects of obesity. Furthermore, people with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and other related complications like cardiovascular and kidney diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection than the general population and usually exhibit poor prognosis. This severity could be due to systemic inflammation and compromised immune response and RAS associated with these comorbid conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop evidence-based treatment methods that do not affect the severity of COVID-19 infection and effectively manage these chronic diseases in people with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Shah
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Abreu Diaz AM, Drumeva GO, Laporte P, Alonso Martinez LM, Petrenyov DR, Carrier JF, DaSilva JN. Evaluation of the high affinity [ 18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan in rats for PET imaging of renal AT 1 receptors. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:41-49. [PMID: 33798796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in the expression of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) have been demonstrated in the development of several heart and renal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the novel compound [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan as a PET imaging tracer of AT1R in rat kidneys. METHODS Competition binding assays were carried out with membranes from CHO-K1 cells expressing human AT1R. Binding to plasma proteins was assessed by ultrafiltration. Radiolabeled metabolites in rat plasma and kidneys of control and pretreated animals (candesartan 10 mg/kg or losartan 30 mg/kg) were analyzed by column-switch HPLC. Dynamic PET/CT images of [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan in male Sprague-Dawley rats were acquired for 60 min at baseline, pre-treatment with the AT1R antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg) or the AT2R antagonist PD123,319 (5 mg/kg). RESULTS Fluoropyridine-candesartan bound with a high affinity for AT1R (Ki = 5.9 ± 1.1 nM), comparable to fluoropyridine-losartan but lower than the parent compound candesartan (Ki = 0.4 ± 0.1 nM). [18F]Fluoropyridine-candesartan bound strongly to plasma proteins (99.3%) and was mainly metabolized to radiolabeled hydrophilic compounds, displaying minimal interference on renal AT1R binding with 82% of unchanged tracer in the kidneys at 20 min post-injection. PET imaging displayed high renal and liver accumulations and slow clearances, with maximum tissue-to-blood ratios of 14 ± 3 and 54 ± 12 in kidney cortex and liver, respectively, at 10 min post-injection. Binding specificity for AT1R was demonstrated with marked reductions in kidney cortex (-84%) and liver (-93%) tissue-to-blood ratios at 20 min post-injection, when blocking with AT1R antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg). No change was observed in kidney cortex of rats pre-treated with AT2R antagonist PD 123,319 (5 mg/kg), confirming binding selectivity for AT1 over AT2 receptors. CONCLUSION High kidney-to-blood ratios and binding selectivity to renal AT1R combined with tracer in vivo stability displaying minimal interference from labeled metabolites support further PET imaging studies with [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M Abreu Diaz
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institute de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Departamento de Radioquímica, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Gergana O Drumeva
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Laporte
- Institute de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de physique, Faculté des arts et des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luis M Alonso Martinez
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institute de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniil R Petrenyov
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institute de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de physique, Faculté des arts et des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Institute de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Gu X, Zhang S, Zhang T. Abnormal Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Podocytes Mediates Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040869. [PMID: 33921219 PMCID: PMC8070074 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events associated with the inhibition of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. The proteinuric kidney damage induced by VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is characterized by podocyte foot process effacement. TKI therapy promotes the formation of abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk, which plays a key role in TKI-induced podocyte injury and proteinuric nephropathy. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanism by which the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk mediates podocyte injury and discusses the possible molecules and signal pathways involved in abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk. What is more, we highlight the molecules involved in podocyte injury and determine the essential roles of Rac1 and Cdc42; this provides evidence for exploring the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk in TKI-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ti Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6417-5590
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10
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Sabry MM, Mahmoud MM, Shoukry HS, Rashed L, Kamar SS, Ahmed MM. Interactive effects of apelin, renin-angiotensin system and nitric oxide in treatment of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in male albino rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:244-254. [PMID: 29564917 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1453521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Apelin and its receptor (APJ) are involved in the regulation of a variety of pathophysiological processes. We studied the effect of apelin treatment on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and possible interaction between apelin/APJ system and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Forty eight male albino rats were divided into two groups: control group and diabetic group. Diabetic group was subdivided into: control diabetic, apelin-treated, apelin + losartan-treated, apelin + l-NAME-treated and losartan-treated diabetic subgroup. Administration of apelin-13 yielded an improvement of IR, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress with significant decrease in AT1R gene expression and significant increase in ACE2 gene expression in adipose tissues. Losartan + apelin yielded a further significant decrease in ATR1 gene expression, glycaemic indices, serum TGs and TPA versus Apelin only. Adding l-NAME in subgroup (2D) reversed the effect of apelin. We suggested that the beneficial effect of Apelin is mainly mediated by NO-activated pathway and/or ACE2/Ang (1-7) dependent pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Apelin/administration & dosage
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Losartan/administration & dosage
- Male
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Rats
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohamed Sabry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | - Heba Samy Shoukry
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- c Medical Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Ahmed
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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11
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Metelo AM, Arias-Ramos N, Lopez-Larrubia P, Castro MMCA. Metabolic effects of VO(dmpp) 2– an ex vivo1H-HRMAS NMR study to unveil its pharmacological properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
VO(dmpp)2ameliorates liver metabolic profile of obese pre-diabetic Zucker rats after 4 weeks of treatment, as demonstrated byex vivo1H-HRMAS NMR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Metelo
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM)
| | - Nuria Arias-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM)
- UAM/CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM)
- UAM/CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Kouyoumdzian NM, Uceda A, Del Mauro JS, Pandolfo M, Gironacci MM, Puyó AM, Toblli JE, Fernández BE, Choi MR. Losartan prevents the imbalance between renal dopaminergic and renin angiotensin systems induced by fructose overload. l-Dopa/dopamine index as new potential biomarker of renal dysfunction. Metabolism 2018; 85:271-285. [PMID: 29727629 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the renal dopaminergic system (RDS) act as autocrine and paracrine systems to regulate renal sodium management and inflammation and their alterations have been associated to hypertension and renal damage. Nearly 30-50% of hypertensive patients have insulin resistance (IR), with a strong correlation between hyperinsulinemia and microalbuminuria. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate the existence of an imbalance between RAS and RDS associated to IR, hypertension and kidney damage induced by fructose overload (FO), as well as to establish their prevention, by pharmacological inhibition of RAS with losartan. MATERIALS/METHODS Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and studied at 4, 8 and 12 weeks: control group (C4, C8 and C12; tap water to drink); fructose-overloaded group (F4, F8 and F12; 10% w/v fructose solution to drink); losartan-treated control (L) group (L4, L8 and L12; losartan 30 mg/kg/day, in drinking water); and fructose-overloaded plus losartan group (F + L4, F + L8 and F + L12, in fructose solution). RESULTS FO induced metabolic and hemodynamic alterations as well as an imbalance between RAS and RDS, characterized by increased renal angiotensin II levels and AT1R overexpression, reduced urinary excretion of dopamine, increased excretion of l-dopa (increased l-dopa/dopamine index) and down-regulation of D1R and tubular dopamine transporters OCT-2, OCT-N1 and total OCTNs. This imbalance was accompanied by an overexpression of renal tubular Na+, K+-ATPase, pro-inflammatory (NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6) and pro-fibrotic (TGF-β1 and collagen) markers and by renal damage (microalbuminuria and reduced nephrin expression). Losartan prevented the metabolic and hemodynamic alterations induced by FO from week 4. Increased urinary l-dopa/dopamine index and decreased D1R renal expression associated to FO were also prevented by losartan since week 4. The same pattern was observed for renal expression of OCTs/OCTNs, Na+, K+-ATPase, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers from week 8. The appearance of microalbuminuria and reduced nephrin expression was prevented by losartan at week 12. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide new insight regarding the mechanisms by which a pro-hypertensive and pro-inflammatory system, such as RAS, downregulates another anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory system such as RDS. Additionally, we propose the use of l-dopa/dopamine index as a biochemical marker of renal dysfunction in conditions characterized by sodium retention, IR and/or hypertension, and as a predictor of response to treatment and follow-up of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Martín Kouyoumdzian
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Uceda
- Hospital Alemán, Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Av Pueyrredón 1640, C1118AAT CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sofía Del Mauro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Cátedra de Farmacología, Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Pandolfo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Mercedes Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Puyó
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Eduardo Toblli
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Alemán, Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Av Pueyrredón 1640, C1118AAT CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belisario Enrique Fernández
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Av. Gral Las Heras 2191, C1127AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Av. Gral Las Heras 2191, C1127AAD CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Depot-specific inflammation with decreased expression of ATM2 in white adipose tissues induced by high-margarine/lard intake. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188007. [PMID: 29141038 PMCID: PMC5687764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet has been recognized as an important risk factor of obesity, with variable impacts of different fatty acid compositions on the physiological process. To understand the effects of a high-margarine/lard diet, which is a major source of trans fatty acids (TFAs)/ saturated fatty acids (SFAs), elaidic acid as a biomarker of margarine intake was used to screen affected adipokines on mature human adipocytes in vitro. Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet enriched with margarine/lard to generate obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) models, which were then used to explore the inflammatory responses of depot-specific white adipose tissue. Adiposity, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters and macrophage cell markers were also compared in vivo. In the subcutaneous depot, a high-margarine diet induced elevated IL-6, MCP-1 and XCL1 expression levels in both M-OP and M-OR groups. High-lard diet-fed rats displayed higher protein expression levels of MCP-1 and XCL1 compared with the control group. In the epididymal depot, significantly elevated IL-6 production was observed in M-OP rats, and high-lard diet-fed rats displayed elevated IL-6 and decreased XCL1 expression. In the retroperitoneal depot, a high-margarine diet caused higher IL-6 and MCP-1 expression levels, a high-lard diet caused elevated IL-6 expression in L-OP/L-OR rats, and elevated XCL1 expression was observed only in L-OP rats. In general, CD206 mRNA levels were notably down-regulated by high-fat diet feeding in the above-mentioned depots. CD11c mRNA levels were slightly upregulated in the subcutaneous depot of OP rats fed a high-margarine/lard diet. In the epidydimal depot, higher expression levels of F4/80 and CD206 mRNA were observed only in high-margarine diet-fed OP rats. These results suggest that depot-specific inflammation with decreased expression of adipose tissue anti-inflammatory M2-type (ATM2) macrophages could be induced by high-margarine/lard intake.
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Schütten MTJ, Houben AJHM, de Leeuw PW, Stehouwer CDA. The Link Between Adipose Tissue Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Signaling and Obesity-Associated Hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:197-209. [PMID: 28404736 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals frequently develop hypertension, which is for an important part attributable to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivity. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on the involvement of dysfunctional adipose tissue in RAAS activation and on the renal, central, and vascular mechanisms linking RAAS components to obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T J Schütten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Sim MK, Lee KO. Author's Reply to Srinivas: "A Single Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Des-Aspartate Angiotensin I in Healthy Subjects". Drugs R D 2016; 17:243-244. [PMID: 27905016 PMCID: PMC5318324 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Kwoon Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD 3 Level 4 #04-01, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600 Singapore
| | - Kok-Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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Luo M, Luo P, Zhang Z, Payne K, Watson S, Wu H, Tan Y, Ding Y, Sun W, Yin X, Zhang X, Liu G, Wintergerst K, Miao L, Cai L. Zinc delays the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy in mice via down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1244-56. [PMID: 27028368 PMCID: PMC7218660 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, particularly child obesity, is one of the most common public health problems in the world and raises the risk of end-stage renal disease. Zinc (Zn) is essential for multiple organs in terms of normal structure and function; however, effects of Zn deficiency or supplementation among young individuals with obesity have not been well studied. METHODS Weaned mice were fed high-fat diets (HFD) with varied contents of Zn (Zn deficient, adequate, and supplemented) for 3 or 6 months. This study examined associations between renal pathogenesis and dietary Zn levels, specifically assessing inflammatory pathways by utilizing P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. RESULTS HFD feeding induced typical syndromes of obesity-related renal disorders, which worsened by Zn marginal deficiency. The progression of obesity-related renal disorders was delayed by Zn supplementation. HFD induced renal inflammation, reflected by increased P38 MAPK phosphorylation along with increases of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. P38 MAPK inhibition prevented renal pathological changes in mice fed with HFD and HFD/Zn deficiency. CONCLUSIONS P38 MAPK mediated the renal inflammatory responses, which played a central role in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced renal disorders. Zn could delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease by down-regulating P38 MAPK-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kristen Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yushuang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Xu HZ, Cheng YL, Wang WN, Wu H, Zhang YY, Zang CS, Xu ZG. 12-Lipoxygenase Inhibition on Microalbuminuria in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes Is Associated with Changes of Glomerular Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Related to Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050684. [PMID: 27164093 PMCID: PMC4881510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) BACKGROUND: 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the present study, we investigated whether 12-LO inhibition may ameliorate type-2 DN (T2DN) by interfering with insulin resistance (IR); (2) METHODS: Rat glomerular mesangial cells, glomeruli and skeletal muscles were isolated and used in this study. Kidney histological changes were confirmed by periodic-acid Schiff staining; mRNA expression was detected by competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and the protein level was determined by Western blot and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively; (3) RESULTS: The inhibition of 12-LO attenuated microalbuminuria (MAU) increases in type-2 diabetic rats, but not in type-1 diabetic rats. Infusion of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) significantly increased the expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), but decreased the expression of AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP) in rat glomeruli, compared to the control. An in vitro study revealed that both 12(S)-HETE and insulin upregulated AT1R expression in rat mesangial cells. In the presence of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, SB202190, the 12(S)-HETE-induced ATRAP reduction was significantly abolished. Interestingly, 12-LO inhibition did not influence AT1R expression in type-1 diabetic rats, but significantly abolished the increased AT1R and Ang II expression in glomeruli of type-2 diabetic rats. Furthermore, the inhibition of 12-LO significantly corrected impaired insulin sensitivity and fast serum insulin level, as well as the p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduction in skeletal muscle of type-2 diabetic rats; (4) CONCLUSION: The inhibition of 12-LO potentially ameliorated MAU by preventing IR through the downregulation of glomerular AT1R expression in T2DN.
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MESH Headings
- 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Albuminuria/etiology
- Albuminuria/metabolism
- Animals
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Insulin Resistance
- Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan-Li Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wan-Ning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Chong-Sen Zang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhong-Gao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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18
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Effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on 12-lipoxygenase activity and slit diaphragm protein expression in type 2 diabetic rat glomeruli. J Nephrol 2016; 29:775-782. [PMID: 27021232 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and angiotensin II (Ang II) interaction plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Proteinuria in DN is associated with decreased slit diaphragm proteins including nephrin and P-cadherin. Therefore, we investigated whether Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker (ARB) regulates 12-LO activity and slit diaphragm protein expression in diabetic rat glomeruli. METHOD Glomeruli were isolated with the sieving method, and classified into small glomeruli (SG; 75-μm sieve) and large glomeruli (LG; 125-μm sieve). RESULTS 12(S)-HETE, a lipid product of 12-LO, was increased by Ang II in the glomeruli. Infusion of 12(S)-HETE and Ang II significantly decreased nephrin expression in LG, but increased it in SG compared to control. Glomerular P-cadherin expression was reduced after Ang II and 12(S)-HETE treatment without differences between LG and SG. ARB did not influence glycemic levels but completely abolished the increases in 12(S)-HETE, AT1 expression, and proteinuria in diabetic rats. Nephrin expression was significantly reduced in LG but increased in SG in diabetic rats compared to control. P-cadherin expression decreased in both diabetic LG and SG. The abnormalities of nephrin and P-cadherin were partially but significantly reversed by ARB. CONCLUSION ARB potentially ameliorates DN via the up-regulation of glomerular nephrin and P-cadherin expression through the inhibition of 12-LO activation in the glomeruli of rats with DN.
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19
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Burks TN, Marx R, Powell L, Rucker J, Bedja D, Heacock E, Smith BJ, Foster DB, Kass D, O'Rourke B, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Combined effects of aging and inflammation on renin-angiotensin system mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotypic changes in cardiomyopathies. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26221650 PMCID: PMC4494917 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of aging and inflammation on the health of the cardiac muscle are well documented, the combined effects of aging and chronic inflammation on cardiac muscle are largely unknown. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been linked independently to both aging and inflammation, but is understudied in the context of their collective effect. Thus, we investigated localized cardiac angiotensin II type I and type II receptors (AT1R, AT2R), downstream effectors, and phenotypic outcomes using mouse models of the combination of aging and inflammation and compared it to a model of aging and a model of inflammation. We show molecular distinction in the combined effect of aging and inflammation as compared to each independently. The combination maintained an increased AT1R:AT2R and expression of Nox2 and exhibited the lowest activity of antioxidants. Despite signaling pathway differences, the combined effect shared phenotypic similarities with aging including oxidative damage, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. These phenotypic similarities have dubbed inflammatory conditions as premature aging, but they are, in fact, molecularly distinct. Moreover, treatment with an AT1R blocker, losartan, selectively reversed the signaling changes and ameliorated adverse phenotypic effects in the combination of aging and inflammation as well as each independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyesha N Burks
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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20
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Beneficial long-term effect of aldosterone antagonist added to a traditional blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system among patients with obesity and proteinuria. Nefrologia 2015; 35:554-61. [PMID: 26519114 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, obesity has become a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease. Proteinuria is known to be an independent determinant of the progression of chronic kidney disease, and adipose tissue is a recognized source of components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Recent studies have shown that plasma aldosterone levels are disproportionately higher in patients with obesity. Drugs that block the RAAS are unable to inhibit aldosterone in the long term. The aim of our study was to analyze the renoprotective effect of an aldosterone antagonist in combination with RAAS blockers in patients with obesity and proteinuric nephropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is a substudy of previously published study on the renoprotective effect of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers in patients with proteinuric nephropathies. Patients with proteinuria levels >1g/24h who were taking spironolactone and were being treated with other RAAS blockers were divided according to body mass index (BMI) into an obesity group (BMI ≥30kg/m2) and a control group. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.7±15.1 years. More than 50% of the patients in both groups had diabetes. Thirty-two patients were included in the obesity group and 39 were included in the control group. There were no significant differences in renal function, proteinuria, blood pressure, serum potassium levels and the percentage of RAAS blockers in both groups. After a follow-up of 28.9 (14-84) months, there was a 59.4% reduction in proteinuria in the obesity group (2.8±2.1 vs. 1.3±1.6g/24h, p<.05). The reduction in proteinuria was greater than 50% in 22 (68.8%) cases, and the mean blood pressure showed a significant decrease (from 100.6±9 to 92.1±7.4mm Hg, p<.05). The control group showed a 69.6% reduction in proteinuria (1.9±1.4 to 0.8±0.5, p<0.05). The reduction of proteinuria was higher than 50% in 22 (68.8%) cases in obese patients and in 33 (84.6%) cases in non-obese group. Renal function remained stable in both groups during the follow-up. Nine patients (28.1%) in the obesity group experienced gynecomastia. The incidence of hyperkalemia was similar for the 2 groups (6.3%). CONCLUSION Aldosterone antagonist treatment in obese patients with proteinuric nephropathies induces a drastic and sustained reduction in proteinuria but not more than the non-obese group. There was a trend toward slowing progression of renal failure with few adverse events.
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21
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Kotla S, Rao GN. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mediate p300-dependent STAT1 Protein Interaction with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ in CD36 Protein Expression and Foam Cell Formation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30306-20. [PMID: 26504087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15(S)-HETE) induces CD36 expression involving STAT1. Many studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ mediates CD36 expression. Therefore, we asked the question whether these transcriptional factors interact with each other in the regulation of CD36 expression by 15(S)-HETE. Here, we show that STAT1 interacts with PPARγ in the induction of CD36 expression and foam cell formation by 15(S)-HETE. In addition, using molecular biological approaches such as EMSA, supershift EMSA, ChIP, re-ChIP, and promoter-reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that the STAT1 and PPARγ complex binds to the STAT-binding site at -107 nucleotides in the CD36 promoter and enhances its activity. Furthermore, the interaction of STAT1 with PPARγ depends on STAT1 acetylation, which is mediated by p300. In addition, our findings show that reactive oxygen species-dependent Syk and Pyk2 stimulation is required for p300 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. Together, these results demonstrate that an interaction between STAT1, p300, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is required for 15(S)-HETE-induced CD36 expression, oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake, and foam cell formation, critical events underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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22
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Wang C, Blough E, Arvapalli R, Dai X, Triest WE, Leidy JW, Masannat Y, Wu M. Acetaminophen attenuates glomerulosclerosis in obese Zucker rats via reactive oxygen species/p38MAPK signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:47-57. [PMID: 25614458 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a critical pathological lesion in metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease that, if allowed to proceed unchecked, can lead to renal failure. However, the exact mechanisms underlying glomerulosclerosis remain unclear, and effective prevention strategies against glomerulosclerosis are currently limited. Herein, we demonstrate that chronic low-dose ingestion of acetaminophen (30 mg/kg/day for 6 months) attenuates proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury, and inflammation in the obese Zucker rat model of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, acetaminophen treatment attenuated renal fibrosis and the expression of profibrotic factors (fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the glomeruli, and decreased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein, glutathione (GSH) reductase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but increased the level of GSH synthetase in obese animals. Further in vivo and in vitro studies using human renal mesangial cells exposed to high glucose or hydrogen peroxide suggested that the renoprotective effects of acetaminophen are characterized by diminished renal oxidative stress and p38MAPK hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Wang
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Ravikumar Arvapalli
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - John W Leidy
- Huntington VA Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
| | - Yanal Masannat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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23
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Koulis C, Chow BSM, McKelvey M, Steckelings UM, Unger T, Thallas-Bonke V, Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Allen TJ. AT2R agonist, compound 21, is reno-protective against type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension 2015; 65:1073-81. [PMID: 25776077 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic effects of angiotensin II on diabetic complications are considered to be primarily mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor subtype. However, its biological and functional effect mediated through the angiotensin II type 2 receptor subtype is still unclear. Activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptors has been postulated to oppose angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated actions and thus attenuate fibrosis. This study aimed to elucidate the reno-protective role of the novel selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist, Compound 21, in an experimental model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Compound 21 treatment significantly attenuated diabetes mellitus-induced elevated levels of cystatin C, albuminuria, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic mice. Moreover, Compound 21 markedly inhibited the expression of various proteins implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, in association with decreased extracellular matrix production. These findings demonstrate that monotherapy of Compound 21 is protective against the progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koulis
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Bryna S M Chow
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Maria McKelvey
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Ulrike M Steckelings
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Vicki Thallas-Bonke
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Merlin C Thomas
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Mark E Cooper
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.)
| | - Terri J Allen
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.K., B.S.M.C., M.M., V.T.-B., M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (M.C.T., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D., T.J.A.); IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. Denmark (U.M.S.); and CARIM-School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands (T.U.).
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24
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Trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid worsens renal pathology and alters cyclooxygenase derived oxylipins in obesity-associated nephropathy. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Al-Trad B, Ashankyty IM, Alaraj M. Progesterone ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:97. [PMID: 26583047 PMCID: PMC4650109 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that 17β-estradiol may influence the progression of diabetic renal disease in females. The present study was intended to provide an insight into the specific effects of progesterone, the other female sex hormone, in the diabetic renal complications. METHODS Adult female wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): intact control (non-diabetic, ND), intact diabetic (D), ovariectomized diabetic (D-OVX) and ovariectomized diabetic which were treated with progesterone (D-OVX + P; 10 mg/kg, s.c, every second day) for 10 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single dose injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. Expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR1) and podocyte markers (nephrin and podocin) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. RESULTS The treatment of D-OVX rats with progesterone attenuated diabetic-associated increases in the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, glomerulosclerosi and the expression of profibrotic and angiogenic factors (TGF-β, Fibronectin and VEGF-A). Furthermore, progesterone supplementation prevented diabetes-induced downregulation of nephrin and podocin while the overexpression of ATR1 in the diabetic rats was inhibited by the progesterone supplementation. CONCLUSION These results provided evidence, for the first time, that the replacement of progesterone can ameliorate the renal damage in the experimental models of diabetic nephropathy through improving the renal function; the inhibition of renal fibrosis and abnormal angiogenesis; along with the amelioration of podocyte injury. Additionally, the blocking of renin-angiotensin system through the down-regulation of ATR1 expression may also account for the reno-protective effect of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Al-Trad
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- />Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, 2440 Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem M. Ashankyty
- />Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- />Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Alaraj
- />Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Kotla S, Singh NK, Traylor JG, Orr AW, Rao GN. ROS-dependent Syk and Pyk2-mediated STAT1 activation is required for 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced CD36 expression and foam cell formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:147-62. [PMID: 25152235 PMCID: PMC4253592 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
15(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), the major 15-lipoxygenase 1/2 (15-LO1/2) metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA), induces CD36 expression through xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production and Syk and Pyk2-dependent STAT1 activation. In line with these observations, 15(S)-HETE also induced foam cell formation involving ROS, Syk, Pyk2, and STAT1-mediated CD36 expression. In addition, peritoneal macrophages from Western diet-fed ApoE(-/-) mice exhibited elevated levels of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activities, ROS production, Syk, Pyk2, and STAT1 phosphorylation, and CD36 expression compared to those from ApoE(-/-):12/15-LO(-/-) mice and these events correlated with increased lipid deposits, macrophage content, and lesion progression in the aortic roots. Human atherosclerotic arteries also showed increased 15-LO1 expression, STAT1 phosphorylation, and CD36 levels as compared to normal arteries. Together, these findings suggest that 12/15-LO metabolites of AA, particularly 12/15(S)-HETE, might play a crucial role in atherogenesis by enhancing foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James G Traylor
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 King׳s Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 King׳s Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Nazir N, Siddiqui K, Al-Qasim S, Al-Naqeb D. Meta-analysis of diabetic nephropathy associated genetic variants in inflammation and angiogenesis involved in different biochemical pathways. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:103. [PMID: 25280384 PMCID: PMC4411872 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic endocrine disorder, affecting an estimated population of 382 million people worldwide. It is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN); primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Different inflammatory and angiogenic molecules in various pathways are important modulators in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Differential disease risk in DN may be partly attributable to genetic susceptibility. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine which of the previously investigated genetic variants in these pathways are significantly associated with the development of DN and to examine the functional role of these genes. Methods A systematic search was conducted to collect and analyze all studies published till June 2013; that investigated the association between genetic variants involved in inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis and diabetic nephropathy. Genetic variants associated with DN were selected and analyzed by using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software. Pathway analysis of the genes with variants showing significant positive association with DN was performed using Genomatix Genome Analyzer (Genomatix, Munich, Germany). Results After the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this analysis, 34 studies were included in this meta-analysis. 11 genetic variants showed significant positive association with DN in a random-effects meta-analysis. These included genetic variants within or near VEGFA, CCR5, CCL2, IL-1, MMP9, EPO, IL-8, ADIPOQ and IL-10. rs1800871 (T) genetic variant in IL-10 showed protective effect for DN. Most of these eleven genetic variants were involved in GPCR signaling and receptor binding pathways whereas four were involved in chronic kidney failure. rs833061 [OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.63-2.66)] in the VEGFA gene and rs3917887 [OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.64-2.54)] in the CCL2 gene showed the most significant association with the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions Our results indicate that 11 genetic variants within or near VEGFA, CCR5, CCL2, IL-1, MMP9, EPO, IL-8, ADIPOQ and IL-10 showed significant positive association with diabetic nephropathy. Gene Ontology or pathway analysis showed that these genes may contribute to the pathophysiology of DN. The functional relevance of the variants and their pathways can lead to increased biological insights and development of new therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-014-0103-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyla Nazir
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 18397, Riyadh, 11415, K.S.A, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 18397, Riyadh, 11415, K.S.A, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sara Al-Qasim
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 18397, Riyadh, 11415, K.S.A, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dhekra Al-Naqeb
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 18397, Riyadh, 11415, K.S.A, Saudi Arabia.
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Williams SF, Nicholas SB, Vaziri ND, Norris KC. African Americans, hypertension and the renin angiotensin system. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:878-889. [PMID: 25276290 PMCID: PMC4176798 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i9.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans have exceptionally high rates of hypertension and hypertension related complications. It is commonly reported that the blood pressure lowering efficacy of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors is attenuated in African Americans due to a greater likelihood of having a low renin profile. Therefore these agents are often not recommended as initial therapy in African Americans with hypertension. However, the high prevalence of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease makes treatment with RAS inhibitors more compelling. Despite lower circulating renin levels and a less significant fall in blood pressure in response to RAS inhibitors in African Americans, numerous clinical trials support the efficacy of RAS inhibitors to improve clinical outcomes in this population, especially in those with hypertension and risk factors for cardiovascular and related diseases. Here, we discuss the rationale of RAS blockade as part of a comprehensive approach to attenuate the high rates of premature morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension among African Americans.
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The possible constitutive activity of wild-type angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:614-5. [PMID: 24621462 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Taniguchi M, Rebellato LM, Cai J, Hopfield J, Briley KP, Haisch CE, Catrou PG, Bolin P, Parker K, Kendrick WT, Kendrick SA, Harland RC, Terasaki PI. Higher risk of kidney graft failure in the presence of anti-angiotensin II type-1 receptor antibodies. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2577-89. [PMID: 23941128 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reports have associated non-HLA antibodies, specifically those against angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R), with antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection. However, association of anti-AT1R with graft failure had not been demonstrated. We tested anti-AT1R and donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in pre- and posttransplant sera from 351 consecutive kidney recipients: 134 with biopsy-proven rejection and/or lesions (abnormal biopsy group [ABG]) and 217 control group (CG) patients. The ABG's rate of anti-AT1R was significantly higher than the CG's (18% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Moreover, 79% of ABG patients with anti-AT1R lost their grafts (vs. 0%, CG), anti-AT1R levels in 58% of those failed grafts increasing posttransplant. With anti-AT1R detectable before DSA, time to graft failure was 31 months-but 63 months with DSA detectable before anti-AT1R. Patients with both anti-AT1R and DSA had lower graft survival than those with DSA alone (log-rank p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that de novo anti-AT1R was an independent predictor of graft failure in the ABG, alone (HR: 6.6), and in the entire population (HR: 5.4). In conclusion, this study found significant association of anti-AT1R with graft failure. Further study is needed to establish causality between anti-AT1R and graft failure and, thus, the importance of routine anti-AT1R monitoring and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taniguchi
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA
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Abou-Mrad RM, Abu-Alfa AK, Ziyadeh FN. Effects of weight reduction regimens and bariatric surgery on chronic kidney disease in obese patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F613-7. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00173.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence nowadays is showing that obesity by itself, independent of other comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, is associated with renal functional changes and structural damage. Intentional weight loss demonstrates beneficial reduction in proteinuria and albuminuria in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease, particularly those whose renal damage is likely induced by obesity. The safety of some weight loss interventions, particularly the use of high-protein diets and/or medications, is questionable in this population due to the lack of well-designed randomized controlled studies reporting on their efficacy or harm. Bariatric surgery showed the most promising results with regards to ameliorating glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria albeit with a modest risk of increased perioperative complications with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Abou-Mrad
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali K. Abu-Alfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fuad N. Ziyadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Chronic AT2 receptor activation increases renal ACE2 activity, attenuates AT1 receptor function and blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. Kidney Int 2013; 84:931-9. [PMID: 23823602 PMCID: PMC4091804 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of the renin angiotensin system such as enhanced renal AT1R function and reduced ACE2 activity contributes to obesity-related hypertension. Here we tested whether long-term AT2R activation affects renal function in obesity using lean and obese Zucker rats treated with the AT2R agonist CGP42112A for 2-weeks. This caused blood pressure to decrease by 13 mmHg which was associated with increased urinary sodium excretion in the obese rats. Cortical ACE2 expression and activity, the Mas receptor (MasR), and its ligand angiotensin-(1-7) were all increased in CGP-treated obese compared with control rats. Candesartan-induced natriuresis, a measure of AT1R function, was reduced but cortical AT1R expression and angiotensin II levels were similar in CGP-treated obese compared to control rats. Renin and AT2R expression in obese rats was not affected by CGP-treatment. In HK-2 cells in-vitro, CGP-treatment caused increased ACE2 activity and MasR levels but decreased AT1R levels and renin activity. Thus, long-term AT2R activation shifts the opposing arms of renin angiotensin system and contributes to natriuresis and blood pressure reduction in obese animals. Our study highlights the importance of AT2R as a target for treating obesity related hypertension.
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Cole BK, Lieb DC, Dobrian AD, Nadler JL. 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in adipose tissue inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 104-105:84-92. [PMID: 22951339 PMCID: PMC3526691 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lipoxygenases (LOs) are principal enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid. 12- and 15-LO and their lipid metabolites have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Adipose tissue, and in particular visceral adipose tissue, plays a primary role in the development of the inflammation seen in these conditions. 12- and 15-LO and their lipid metabolites act as upstream regulators of many of the cytokines involved in the inflammatory response in adipose tissue. While the role that 12- and 15-LO play in chronically inflamed adipose tissue is becoming clearer, there are still many questions that remain unanswered regarding their activation, signaling pathways, and roles in healthy fat. 12- and 15-LO also generate products with anti-inflammatory properties that are under investigation. Therefore, 12- and 15-LO have the potential to be very important targets for therapeutics aimed at reducing insulin resistance and the comorbid conditions associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banumathi K. Cole
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - David C. Lieb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Anca D. Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
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Granado M, Fernández N, Monge L, Figueras JC, Carreño-Tarragona G, Amor S, García-Villalón AL. Effects of coronary ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model of early overnutrition. Role of angiotensin receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54984. [PMID: 23383303 PMCID: PMC3562319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity during childhood has dramatically increased worldwide in the last decades. Environmental factors acting early in life, including nutrition, play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Aims To analyze the effects of early overfeeding on the heart and coronary circulation, the effect of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were studied in isolated hearts from control and overfed rats during lactation. Methods and Results On the day of birth litters were adjusted to twelve pups per mother (control) or to three pups per mother (overfed). At weaning (21 days) the rats were killed and the heart perfused in a Langendorff system and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion. The contractility (left developed intraventricular pressure) was lower in the hearts from overfed rats, and was reduced by I/R in hearts from control but not from overfed rats. I/R also reduced the coronary vasoconstriction to angiotensin II more in hearts from control than from overfed rats, and the vasodilatation to bradykinin similarly in both experimental groups. The expression of both angiotensin AGTRa and AGTR2 receptors was increased in the myocardium of overfed rats, and I/R increased the expression of both receptors in control rats but reduced it in overfed rats. The expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers was increased in hearts of overfed rats compared with control, and further increased by I/R. Conclusions These results suggest that both overfeeding and I/R impair cardiac and coronary function due, at least in part, to activation of the angiotensin pathway. However, overfeeding may reduce the impairment of ventricular contractility by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Granado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Monge
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Figueras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Amor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sugiyama F, Kobayashi N, Ishikawa M, Onoda S, Ishimitsu T. Renoprotective mechanisms of telmisartan on renal injury and inflammation in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 17:515-24. [PMID: 23268284 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr (SHRSP fatty) rats create a new animal model of metabolic syndrome. However, the renoprotective effect of telmisartan therapy and its underlying mechanisms in SHRSP fatty rats remain unknown. We evaluate the effects of long-term telmisartan therapy on renal dysfunction, podocyte injury, inflammation, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Rho-kinase, and cell-cycle progression pathway in the renal cortex of SHRSP fatty rats. METHODS Seven-week-old male SHRSP fatty rats were treated with vehicle, telmisartan, and hydralazine for 8 weeks. Age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto/Izumo rats served as a control group. RESULTS Vehicle-treated SHRSP fatty rats developed proteinuria and renal dysfunction, which in the telmisartan group was less than the vehicle and hydralazine group without changing blood pressure. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were impaired in SHRSP fatty rats, and the renal damage in the telmisartan group was less than the vehicle and hydralazine groups. Decreased expression of nephrin and podocin and increased desmin-positive area in SHRSP fatty rats were restored by telmisartan but not hydralazine. TGF-β1/Smad, EMT marker, MAPK, Rho-kinase, and cell-cycle progression pathways were upregulated in SHRSP fatty rats, and these increased proteins in the telmisartan group were less than the vehicle and hydralazine group. Telmisartan administration resulted in significant suppression in tumor necrosis factor-α expression and nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Long-term telmisartan therapy may improve renal dysfunction, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury, and inflammation associated with EMT, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, Rho-kinase pathway in SHRSP fatty rats. Thus, telmisartan may have significant therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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Wang Y, Landheer S, van Gilst WH, van Amerongen A, Hammes HP, Henning RH, Deelman LE, Buikema H. Attenuation of renovascular damage in Zucker diabetic fatty rat by NWT-03, an egg protein hydrolysate with ACE- and DPP4-inhibitory Activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46781. [PMID: 23071636 PMCID: PMC3468629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are important target enzymes in glycemic control and renovascular protection. Here, we studied the effect of NWT-03, an egg protein hydrolysate with DPP4- and ACE-inhibitory activity, on renovascular damage in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Comparisons were made to rats treated with vildagliptin (VIL), included as a positive control for the effect of DPP4 inhibition. Methods ZDF rats received NWT-03 (1 g/kg/day) or VIL (3 mg/kg/day) from 10 to 25 weeks of age. Metabolic and renal functions were assessed; the kidney was removed for histological analysis of glomerulosclerosis and expression of pro-inflammatory/fibrotic markers (RT-PCR and Western blotting); and the aorta was removed for studies of endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). Findings Hyperinsulinemic ZDF rats typically developed signs of type-2 diabetes and renovascular damage, as evidenced by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and impaired EDR. Neither NWT-03 nor VIL improved metabolic parameters; for VIL, this was despite a 5-fold increase in glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels. NWT-03 and VIL both reduced renal interleukin (Il)-1β/Il-13 mRNA expression and glomerulosclerosis. However, only NWT-03 additionally decreased renal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA and P22phox protein expression, reduced albuminuria, and restored aortic EDR. Indomethacin added to the organ bath instantly improved aortic EDR, indicating a role for cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived contractile prostanoids in opposing relaxation in ZDF rats. This indomethacin effect was reduced by NWT-03, but not by VIL, and coincided with decreased renal COX-1/2 protein expression. Conclusion and Interpretation Long-term supplementation with the egg protein hydrolysate NWT-03 attenuated renovascular damage in this preclinical rat model of type 2 diabetes. A comparison to the DPP4-inhibitor VIL suggests that the effects of NWT-03 were related to both ACE- and DPP4-inhibitory properties. The development of protein hydrolysates with a multiple-targeting strategy may be of benefit to functional food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Landheer
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek H. van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aart van Amerongen
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo E. Deelman
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Buikema
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:608397. [PMID: 22567283 PMCID: PMC3332212 DOI: 10.1155/2012/608397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy is an increasing cause of end-stage renal disease. Obesity has been considered a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and chronic oxidative stress. Augmented inflammation in adipose and kidney tissues promotes the progression of kidney damage in obesity. Adipose tissue, which is accumulated in obesity, is a key endocrine organ that produces multiple biologically active molecules, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, that affect inflammation, and subsequent deregulation of cell function in renal glomeruli that leads to pathological changes. Oxidative stress is also associated with obesity-related renal diseases and may trigger the initiation or progression of renal damage in obesity. In this paper, we focus on inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of obesity-related glomerulopathy and possible interventions to prevent kidney injury in obesity.
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Tian XY, Wong WT, Xu A, Chen ZY, Lu Y, Liu LM, Lee VW, Lau CW, Yao X, Huang Y. Rosuvastatin improves endothelial function in db/db mice: role of angiotensin II type 1 receptors and oxidative stress. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:598-606. [PMID: 21486274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, with lipid-reducing properties combat against atherosclerosis and diabetes. The favourable modulation of endothelial function may play a significant role in this effect. The present study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic benefits of rosuvastatin in ameliorating diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Twelve-week-old db/db diabetic mice were treated with rosuvastatin at 20 mg·kg⁻¹ ·day⁻¹ p.o.for 6 weeks. Isometric force was measured in isolated aortae and renal arteries. Protein expressions including angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT₁R), NOX4, p22(phox) , p67(phox) , Rac-1, nitrotyrosine, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p38 were determined by Western blotting, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the vascular wall was evaluated by dihydroethidium fluorescence and lucigenin assay. KEY RESULTS Rosuvastatin treatment of db/db mice reversed the impaired ACh-induced endothelium-dependent dilatations in both renal arteries and aortae and prevented the exaggerated contractions to angiotensin II and phenylephrine in db/db mouse renal arteries and aortae. Rosuvastatin reduced the elevated expressions of AT₁R, p22(phox) and p67(phox) , NOX4, Rac1, nitrotyrosine and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and inhibited ROS production in aortae from db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The vasoprotective effects of rosuvastatin are attributed to an increase in NO bioavailability, which is probably achieved by its inhibition of ROS production from the AT₁R-NAD(P)H oxidase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Tian
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
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Celec P, Hodosy J, Gardlík R, Behuliak M, Pálffy R, Pribula M, Jáni P, Turňa J, Sebeková K. The effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic DNA vaccination on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:158-66. [PMID: 21939398 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and angiogenesis play a crucial role in the pathomechanism of diabetic nephropathy. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP) is a key regulator of the immune system in kidneys, and its inhibition with a dominant-negative mutant lacking the N-terminal amino acids 2-8 (7ND) reduces renal fibrosis. Angiomotin (Amot) is a novel angiogenesis modulator. We studied the effects of inhibition of Amot and MCP using DNA vaccination on incipient diabetic nephropathy in rats. Plasmid DNA (with either 7ND or human Amot) was electroporated twice into hind-limb muscles of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Sham-electroporated diabetic rats and healthy animals served as controls. After 4 months, renal histology and biochemical analyses were performed. In sham-electroporated diabetic rats, glomerular histology revealed pathological changes. 7ND and Amot treatments reduced glomerular hypertrophy and periodic acid-Schiff positivity. In both treated groups, the expression of profibrotic (transforming growth factor-β, collagen 1), proinflammatory (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), and proangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor) genes in the renal cortex was lower than in the diabetic group without treatment. The mentioned renoprotective effects could be mediated via higher total antioxidant capacity and improved glycemic control. Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory DNA vaccination ameliorates the progression of glomerular pathology in an animal model of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University , 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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To PRESERVE and protect. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1859-60. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834b6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Taniguchi Y, Takahashi N, Fukui A, Nagano-Torigoe Y, Thuc LC, Teshima Y, Shinohara T, Wakisaka O, Ooie T, Murozono Y, Yufu K, Nakagawa M, Hara M, Yoshimatsu H, Saikawa T. Candesartan restored cardiac Hsp72 expression and tolerance against reperfusion injury in hereditary insulin-resistant rats. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:439-48. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Takai S, Jin D, Miyazaki M. Irbesartan prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:309-15. [PMID: 21691037 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11053fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irbesartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, is a known agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. In this study, thirteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)/NDmcr-cp rats, representing a genetic model of metabolic syndrome, were treated daily with placebo, irbesartan (30 mg/kg), valsartan (10 mg/kg), or pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were seen in the irbesartan- and valsartan-treated groups, but not in the pioglitazone-treated group. Compared with the placebo group, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower while plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group. Significant increases in the gene expression of adiponectin and GLUT4 within adipose tissue were also observed in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group. These findings suggest that through PPARγ stimulation along with angiotensin II inhibition, irbesartan may be an optimal treatment option in the prevention of metabolic syndrome as well as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takai
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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He L, Qi Y, Rong X, Jiang J, Yang Q, Yamahara J, Murray M, Li Y. The Ayurvedic Medicine Salacia oblonga Attenuates Diabetic Renal Fibrosis in Rats: Suppression of Angiotensin II/AT1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:807451. [PMID: 19706694 PMCID: PMC3137643 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In human diabetic nephropathy, the extent of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease; fibrosis is closely correlated with renal dysfunction. Although a wide array of medicinal plants play a role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, there are few reports of the application of herbal medicines in amelioration of renal fibrosis, or the underlying mechanisms by which such benefits are mediated. The efficacy of the Ayurvedic antidiabetic medicine Salacia oblonga (SO) root on rat renal fibrosis was investigated. An aqueous extract from SO (100 mg/kg, p.o., 6 weeks) diminished renal glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, as revealed by van Giesen-staining. SO also reduced renal salt-soluble, acid-soluble and salt-insoluble collagen contents. These changes were accompanied by normalization of hypoalbuminemia and BUN. Gene profiling revealed that the increase in transcripts encoding the glomerulosclerotic mediators collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 observed in ZDF rat kidney was suppressed by SO. In rat-derived mesangial cells, similar to the effect of the AT1 antagonist telmisartan, SO and its major component mangiferin suppressed the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on proliferation and increased mRNA expression and/or activities of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, AT1, TGF-β1 and PAI-1. Considered together the present findings demonstrate that SO attenuates diabetic renal fibrosis, at least in part by suppressing anigiotensin II/AT1 signaling. Further, it now emerges that mangiferin is an effective antifibrogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birminham, 35294-3360, USA
| | | | - Michael Murray
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuhao Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Guo QY, Miao LN, Li B, Ma FZ, Liu N, Cai L, Xu ZG. Role of 12-lipoxygenase in decreasing P-cadherin and increasing angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression according to glomerular size in type 2 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E708-16. [PMID: 21285403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00624.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) was implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), in which the proteinuria was thought to be associated with a decreased expression of glomerular P-cadherin. Therefore, we investigated the role of 12-LO in the glomerular P-cadherin expression in type 2 diabetic rats according to the glomerular sizes. Rats fed with high-fat diet for 6 wk were treated with low-dose streptozotocin. Once diabetes onset, diabetic rats were treated with 12-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-cyanocinnamate (CDC) for 8 wk. Then glomeruli were isolated from diabetic and control rats with a sieving method. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining were used for mRNA and protein expressions of P-cadherin and angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1). We found that CDC did not affect the glucose levels but completely attenuated diabetic increases in glomerular volume and proteinuria. Diabetes significantly decreased the P-cadherin mRNA and protein expressions and increased the AT1 mRNA and protein expressions in the glomeruli. These changes were significantly prevented by CDC and recaptured by direct infusion of 12-LO product [12(S)-HETE] to normal rats for 7 days. The decreased P-cadherin expression was similar between large and small glomeruli, but the increased AT1 expression was significantly higher in the large than in the small glomeruli from diabetic and 12(S)-HETE-treated rats. Direct infusion of normal rats with Ang II for 14 days also significantly decreased the glomerular P-cadherin expression. These results suggest that diabetic proteinuria is mediated by the activation of 12-LO pathway that is partially attributed to the decreased glomerular P-cadherin expression.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/genetics
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase/physiology
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Male
- Organ Size/genetics
- Organ Size/physiology
- Proteinuria/etiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Guo
- Dept. of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kim HJ, Sato T, Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Vaziri ND. Role of intrarenal angiotensin system activation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 activity in the progression of focal glomerulosclerosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:583-90. [PMID: 21357516 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Imai rat is a model of spontaneous focal glomerulosclerosis, which leads to heavy proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and progressive renal failure. Treatment with AT1 blockers (ARBs) ameliorates proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and nephropathy in this model. Progression of renal disease in 5/6 nephrectomized rats is associated with activation of the intrarenal angiotensin system, up-regulation of the oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways, and impaired activity of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of genes encoding antioxidant molecules. We hypothesized that progressive nephropathy in the Imai rat is accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired Nrf2 activation and that amelioration of nephropathy with AT1 receptor blockade in this model may be associated with the reversal of these abnormalities. Ten-week-old Imai rats were randomized to the ARB-treated (olmesartan, 10 mg/kg/day for 24 weeks) or vehicle-treated groups. Sprague-Dawley rats served as controls. At 34 weeks of age Imai rats showed heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypertension, azotemia, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, increased angiotensin II expressing cell population, up-regulations of AT1 receptor, AT2 receptor, NAD(P)H oxidase, and inflammatory mediators, activation of nuclear factor-κB and reduction of Nrf2 activity and expression of its downstream gene products in the renal cortex. ARB therapy prevented nephropathy, suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation, and restored Nrf2 activation and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Thus progressive focal glomerulosclerosis in the Imai rats is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired Nrf2 activation. These abnormalities are accompanied by activation of intrarenal angiotensin system and can be prevented by ARB administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- World Institute of Kimchi, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Rong X, Li Y, Ebihara K, Zhao M, Kusakabe T, Tomita T, Murray M, Nakao K. Irbesartan treatment up-regulates hepatic expression of PPARalpha and its target genes in obese Koletsky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats: a link to amelioration of hypertriglyceridaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1796-807. [PMID: 20649581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Irbesartan, a well-established angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)) blocker, improves hypertriglyceridaemia in rodents and humans but the underlying mechanism of action is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male obese Koletsky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats, which exhibit spontaneous hypertension and metabolic abnormalities, received irbesartan (40 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or vehicle by oral gavage over 7 weeks. Adipocyte-derived hormones in plasma were measured by ELISA. Gene expression in liver and other tissues was assessed by real-time PCR and Western immunoblotting. KEY RESULTS In Koletsky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats irbesartan lowered plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, and decreased plasma insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. However, this treatment did not affect food intake, body weight, epididymal white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size and plasma leptin concentrations, although plasma adiponectin was decreased. Irbesartan up-regulated hepatic expression of mRNAs corresponding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and its target genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a, acyl-CoA oxidase and fatty acid translocase/CD36) that mediate hepatic fatty acid uptake and oxidation; the increase in hepatic PPARalpha expression was confirmed at the protein level. In contrast, irbesartan did not affect expression of adipose PPARgamma and its downstream genes or hepatic genes that mediate fatty acid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrate that irbesartan treatment up-regulates PPARalpha and several target genes in liver of obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats and offers a novel insight into the lipid-lowering mechanism of irbesartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Rong
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Groeschel M, Braam B. Connecting chronic and recurrent stress to vascular dysfunction: no relaxed role for the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F1-10. [PMID: 20980410 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically considered to be a protective system for volume balance and is activated during states of volume depletion. Interestingly, one of the major pathways activating the system is the sympathetic nervous system, also the primary mediator of the acute stress response. When one further examines the cells mediating the immune site of the response, which is primarily an inflammatory response leading to defense at a locally injured area, these cells all express the ANG II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). Scattered throughout the literature are reports indicating that acute and chronic stress can activate renin and increase plasma levels of components of the RAS. Moreover, there are reports describing that ANG II can modulate the distribution and function of immune cells. Since the inflammatory response is also implicated to be central in the initiation and progression of vascular damage, we propose in this review that recurrent acute stress and chronic stress can induce a state with inflammation, due to ANG II-mediated activation of inflammatory cells, specifically monocytes and lymphocytes. Such a proposal would explain a lot of the observations regarding RAS components in inflammatory cells. Despite its attractiveness, substantial research in this area would be required to substantiate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groeschel
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, and University of Alberta Hospital, Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Immunology, 11-132 CSB Clinical Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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Wong WT, Tian XY, Xu A, Ng CF, Lee HK, Chen ZY, Au CL, Yao X, Huang Y. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-dependent oxidative stress mediates endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:757-68. [PMID: 20136508 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes are incompletely understood. This study explored a causal relationship between RAAS activation and oxidative stress involved in diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction. Daily oral administration of valsartan or enalapril at 10 mg/kg/day to db/db mice for 6 weeks reversed the blunted acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent dilatations, suppressed the upregulated expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22(phox) and p47(phox)), and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Acute exposure to AT(1)R blocker losartan restored the impaired endothelium-dependent dilatations in aortas of db/db mice and also in renal arteries of diabetic patients (fasting plasma glucose level > or =7.0 mmol/l). Similar observations were also made with apocynin, diphenyliodonium, or tempol treatment in db/db mouse aortas. DHE fluorescence revealed an overproduction of ROS in db/db aortas which was sensitive to inhibition by losartan or ROS scavengers. Losartan also prevented the impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatations under hyperglycemic conditions that were accompanied by high ROS production. The present study has identified an initiative role of AT(1)R activation in mediating endothelial dysfunction of arteries from db/db mice and diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Tak Wong
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is established as an important contributor of increased diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, all of which can promote chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, there is a growing appreciation that, even in the absence of these risks, obesity itself significantly increases CKD and accelerates its progression. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental and clinical studies reveal that adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, elaborates bioactive substances that contribute to the pathophysiologic renal hemodynamic and structural changes leading to obesity-related nephropathy. Adipocytes contain all the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, plasminogen activator inhibitor, as well as adipocyte-specific metabolites such as free fatty acids, leptin, and adiponectin, which affect renal function and structure. In addition, fat is infiltrated by macrophages that can alter their phenotype and foster a proinflammatory milieu, which advances pathophysiologic changes in the kidney associated with obesity. SUMMARY Obesity is an independent risk factor for development and progression of renal damage. Although the current therapies aimed at slowing progressive renal damage include reduction in weight and rely on inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the approach will likely be supplemented by interventions aimed at obesity-specific targets including adipocyte-driven cytokines and inflammatory factors.
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Wang X, Li F, Jose PA, Ecelbarger CM. Reduction of renal dopamine receptor expression in obese Zucker rats: role of sex and angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F1164-70. [PMID: 20810614 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00604.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine produced by renal proximal tubules increases sodium excretion via a decrease in renal sodium reabsorption. Dopamine natriuresis is impaired in obese Zucker rats; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. To test the hypothesis that renal expression of one or more of the subtypes are altered in these rats, we measured whole kidney protein levels by immunoblotting of D1-like (D1R and D5R) and D2-like (D2R, D3R, and D4R) dopamine receptors in both male and female obese and lean Zucker rats. In obese males on 1% NaCl diet, D1R, D2R, D4R, and D5R were decreased, while D3R was increased, relative to lean rats. Under a 4% NaCl diet, D2R and D3R levels in obese rats were restored to lean levels. 4% NaCl diet reduced D5R in both body types, relative to 1% NaCl diet. Female rats had higher expression of D1R and D3R than did male; however, the sex difference for D1R was markedly blunted in obese rats. In obese rats, dietary candesartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) normalized downregulated D1R and D2R, but either decreased (D3R), did not affect (D4R), or further downregulated (D5R) the other subtypes. Candesartan also decreased D4R in lean rats. In summary, reduced renal protein levels of D1R, D2R, D4R, and D5R in obese Zucker rats could induce salt sensitivity and elevate blood pressure. Increased angiotensin II type 1 receptor activity may be mechanistically involved in the decreased expression of D1R and D2R in obese rats. Finally, reduced D1R and D3R in male rats may contribute to sex differences in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Bldg D, Rm 392, Georgetown Univ., 4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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