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Wang Y, Gao Y, Shi H, Gao R, Yang J, Qu Y, Hu S, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao J, Zhang F, Ge J. CCL11 released by GSDMD-mediated macrophage pyroptosis regulates angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:294. [PMID: 38906863 PMCID: PMC11192718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an emerging public health burden with a high rate of disability and mortality. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been reported to exert pyroptosis and play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases. We ought to determine the role of GSDMD in the regulation of perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Our study revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis occurred in HLI. GSDMD deletion aggravated perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, how GSDMD regulates angiogenesis after ischemic injury remains unclear. We then found that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis exerted the angiogenic capacity in macrophages rather than endothelial cells after HLI. GSDMD deletion led to a lower level of CCL11 in mice serum. GSDMD knockdown in macrophages downregulated the expression and decreased the releasing level of CCL11. Furthermore, recombinant CCL11 improved endothelial functions and angiogenesis, which was attenuated by CCL11 antibody. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GSDMD promotes angiogenesis by releasing CCL11, thereby improving blood flow perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemic injury. Therefore, CCL11 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of vascular ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji'e Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya'nan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Ma X, Ren J, Yan Y, Liu Y, Gao H, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yang Y, Deng C. Eosinophil Recovery Time Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Type A Acute Aortic Dissection: a Retrospective Cohort Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:723-731. [PMID: 38622370 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Type A acute aortic dissection (TA-AAD) patients are prone to life-threatening complications and death. This study aimed to analyze the association between eosinophil (EOS) recovery and clinical outcomes in TA-AAD. A total of 274 patients with TA-AAD were eligible for inclusion, and 54 patients died within 1 month. The patients with poor clinical outcomes showed significantly lower EOS count within 8 days after surgery. The time-dependent ROC analysis showed that EOS recovery days predicted 1-month death with an AUC of 0.886 and a cutoff of 6 days. EOS recovery within 6 days was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative infection, a poorer prognosis, and a lower risk of 1-month and 6-month mortality than those requiring more recovery days. Collectively, postoperative early recovery of EOS predicted lower mortality and better prognosis and may be applied as an effective, rapid, and simple tool for the risk stratification and prognostic prediction of patients with TA-AAD.Clinical trial registration number: NCT05409677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, China.
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Zhuang Q, Li M, Hu D, Li J. Recent advances in potential targets for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Role of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:1-9. [PMID: 38447462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex process that occurs when blood flow is restored after myocardium infarction (MI) with exacerbated tissue damage. Macrophages, essential cell type of the immune response, play an important role in MIRI. Macrophage subpopulations, namely M1 and M2, are distinguished by distinct phenotypes and functions. In MIRI, macrophages infiltrate in infarcted area, shaping the inflammatory response and influencing tissue healing. Resident cardiac macrophages interact with monocyte-derived macrophages in MIRI, and influence injury progression. Key factors including chemokines, cytokines, and toll-like receptors modulate macrophage behavior in MIRI. This review aims to address recent findings on the classification and the roles of macrophages in the myocardium, spanning from MI to subsequent MIRI, and highlights various signaling pathways implicated in macrophage polarization underlining the complexity of MIRI. This article will shed light on developing advanced therapeutic strategies for MIRI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhuang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Edwards CV, Ferri GM, Villegas-Galaviz J, Ghosh S, Bawa PS, Wang F, Klimtchuk E, Ajayi TB, Morgan GJ, Prokaeva T, Staron A, Ruberg FL, Sanchorawala V, Giadone RM, Murphy GJ. Abnormal global longitudinal strain and reduced serum inflammatory markers in cardiac AL amyloidosis patients without significant amyloid fibril deposition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.584987. [PMID: 38558967 PMCID: PMC10980073 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.584987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction in AL amyloidosis is thought to be partly related to the direct impact of AL LCs on cardiomyocyte function, with the degree of dysfunction at diagnosis as a major determinant of clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, mechanisms underlying LC-induced myocardial toxicity are not well understood. Methods We identified gene expression changes correlating with human cardiac cells exposed to a cardiomyopathy-associated κAL LC. We then sought to confirm these findings in a clinical dataset by focusing on clinical parameters associated with the pathways dysregulated at the gene expression level. Results Upon exposure to a cardiomyopathy-associated κAL LC, cardiac cells exhibited gene expression changes related to myocardial contractile function and inflammation, leading us to hypothesize that there could be clinically detectable changes in GLS on echocardiogram and serum inflammatory markers in patients. Thus, we identified 29 patients with normal IVSd but abnormal cardiac biomarkers suggestive of LC-induced cardiac dysfunction. These patients display early cardiac biomarker staging, abnormal GLS, and significantly reduced serum inflammatory markers compared to patients with clinically evident amyloid fibril deposition. Conclusion Collectively, our findings highlight early molecular and functional signatures of cardiac AL amyloidosis, with potential impact for developing improved patient biomarkers and novel therapeutics.
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Bouazizi K, Zarai M, Noufaily A, Prigent M, Dietenbeck T, Bollache E, Nguyen T, Della Valle V, Blondiaux E, Clément K, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Andreelli F, Redheuil A, Kachenoura N. Associations of aortic stiffness and intra-aortic flow parameters with epicardial adipose tissue in patients with type-2 diabetes. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1106342. [PMID: 37304050 PMCID: PMC10250660 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background It has been shown that increased aortic stiffness is related to type-2 diabetes (T2D) which is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Among other risk factors is epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) which is increased in T2D and is a relevant biomarker of metabolic severity and adverse outcome. Purpose To assess aortic flow parameters in T2D patients as compared to healthy individuals and to evaluate their associations with EAT accumulation as an index of cardiometabolic severity in T2D patients. Materials and methods Thirty-six T2D patients as well as 29 healthy controls matched by age and sex were included in this study. Participants had cardiac and aortic MRI exams at 1.5 T. Imaging sequences included cine SSFP for left ventricle (LV) function and EAT assessment and aortic cine and phase-contrast imaging for strain and flow parameters quantification. Results In this study, we found LV phenotype to be characterized by concentric remodeling with decreased stroke volume index despite global LV mass within a normal range. EAT was increased in T2D patients compared to controls (p<0.0001). Moreover, EAT, a biomarker of metabolic severity, was negatively correlated to ascending aortic (AA) distensibility (p=0.048) and positively to the normalized backward flow volume (p=0.001). These relationships remained significant after further adjustment for age, sex and central mean blood pressure. In a multivariate model, presence/absence of T2D and AA normalized backward flow (BF) to forward flow (FF) volumes ratio are both significant and independent correlates of EAT. Conclusion In our study, aortic stiffness as depicted by an increased backward flow volume and decreased distensibility seems to be related to EAT volume in T2D patients. This observation should be confirmed in the future on a larger population while considering additional biomarkers specific to inflammation and using a longitudinal prospective study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Bouazizi
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Zarai
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Abdallah Noufaily
- Unité d’Imagerie Cardiovasculaire et Thoracique (ICT), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mikaël Prigent
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Dietenbeck
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Bollache
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Toan Nguyen
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Radiology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valéria Della Valle
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Radiology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eléonore Blondiaux
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Radiology Department, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; approches systémiques (NutriOmique), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; approches systémiques (NutriOmique), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Ile-de-France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Andreelli
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Diabetology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alban Redheuil
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Unité d’Imagerie Cardiovasculaire et Thoracique (ICT), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nadjia Kachenoura
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- ICAN Imaging, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
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Li Y, Yu H, Feng J. Role of chemokine-like factor 1 as an inflammatory marker in diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085154. [PMID: 36865551 PMCID: PMC9971601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoinflammatory mechanisms have been incrementally found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, with chemokines being the main drivers of immune cell infiltration in the inflammatory response. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel chemokine, is highly expressed in the human peripheral blood leukocytes and exerts broad-spectrum chemotactic and pro-proliferative effects by activating multiple downstream signaling pathways upon binding to its functional receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between CKLF1 overexpression and various systemic diseases has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this context, it is promising that clarifying the downstream mechanism of CKLF1 and identifying its upstream regulatory sites can yield new strategies for targeted therapeutics of immunoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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The effects for inflammatory responses by CPP with different colloidal properties in hemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21856. [PMID: 36528732 PMCID: PMC9759584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are colloids composed of solid-phase calcium-phosphate and serum protein fetuin-A. CPPs form a polydispersed system with different particle size and density. CPPs with specific physical properties can induce calcification and innate immune responses in cultured cells. In hemodialysis patients, blood CPP levels were reported to correlate with vascular calcification and inflammation. However, little is known about relation between these disorders and physical properties of CPPs. Here, we show that the association between physical properties of plasma CPPs and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in 78 hemodialysis out-patients by cross-sectional study. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) had significantly higher high density CPP (H-CPP) levels than patients without CVD but not low density CPP (L-CPP). Seven cytokines/chemokines (EGF, eotaxin, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MIP-1β and TNFα) were detectable in the serum samples from > 95% of the patients. In multivariate regression analysis, H-CPP was positively associated with eotaxin after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, serum phosphate and FGF23. L-CPP was negatively associated with IL-8 after adjusting for age, gender, serum albumin, phosphate and FGF23. High H-CPP levels were associated with pro-inflammatory response, whereas L-CPPs were associated with anti-inflammatory response. CPPs with different physical properties may impact differently on pathophysiology in HD patients.
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Association between Immunologic Markers and Cirrhosis in Individuals from a Prospective Chronic Hepatitis C Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215280. [PMID: 36358697 PMCID: PMC9657502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can affect immune response and inflammatory pathways, leading to severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: In a prospective cohort of chronically HCV-infected individuals, we sampled 68 individuals who developed cirrhosis, 91 controls who did not develop cirrhosis, and 94 individuals who developed HCC. Unconditional odds ratios (ORs) from polytomous logistic regression models and canonical discriminant analyses (CDAs) were used to compare categorical (C) baseline plasma levels for 102 markers in individuals who developed cirrhosis vs. controls and those who developed HCC vs. cirrhosis. Leave-one-out cross validation was used to produce receiver operating characteristic curves to assess predictive ability of markers. Lastly, biological pathways were assessed in association with cirrhotic development compared to controls. Results: After multivariable adjustment, DEFA-1 (OR: C2v.C1 = 7.73; p < 0.0001), ITGAM (OR: C2v.C1 = 4.03; p = 0.0002), SCF (OR: C4v.C1 = 0.19; p-trend = 0.0001), and CCL11 (OR: C4v.C1 = 0.31; p-trend= 0.002) were all associated with development of cirrhosis compared to controls; these markers, together with clinical/demographics variables, improved prediction of cirrhosis from 55.7% (in clinical/demographic-only model) to 74.9% accuracy. A twelve-marker model based on CDA results further increased prediction of cirrhosis to 88.0%. While six biological pathways were found to be associated with cirrhosis, cell adhesion was the only pathway associated with cirrhosis after Bonferroni correction. In contrast to cirrhosis, DEFA-1 and ITGAM levels were inversely associated with HCC risk. Conclusions: Pending validation, these findings highlight the important role of immunological markers in predicting HCV-related cirrhosis even 11 years post-enrollment.
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9
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Ahn SH, Burkett A, Paz A, Savarraj JP, Hinds S, Hergenroeder G, Gusdon AM, Ren X, Hong JH, Choi HA. Systemic inflammatory markers of persistent cerebral edema after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:199. [PMID: 35927663 PMCID: PMC9354324 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral edema (CE) at admission is a surrogate marker of 'early brain injury' (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Only recently has the focus on the changes in CE after SAH such as delayed resolution or newly developed CE been examined. Among several factors, an early systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be associated with CE. We investigate inflammatory markers in subjects with early CE which does not resolve, i.e., persistent CE after SAH. METHODS Computed tomography scans of SAH patients were graded at admission and at 7 days after SAH for CE using the 0-4 'subarachnoid hemorrhage early brain edema score' (SEBES). SEBES ≤ 2 and SEBES ≥ 3 were considered good and poor grade, respectively. Serum samples from the same subject cohort were collected at 4 time periods (at < 24 h [T1], at 24 to 48 h [T2]. 3-5 days [T3] and 6-8 days [T4] post-admission) and concentration levels of 17 cytokines (implicated in peripheral inflammatory processes) were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were step-wisely performed to identify cytokines independently associated with persistent CE adjusting for covariables including age, sex and past medical history (model 1), and additional inclusion of clinical and radiographic severity of SAH and treatment modality (model 2). RESULTS Of the 135 patients enrolled in the study, 21 of 135 subjects (15.6%) showed a persistently poor SEBES grade. In multivariate model 1, higher Eotaxin (at T1 and T4), sCD40L (at T4), IL-6 (at T1 and T3) and TNF-α (at T4) were independently associated with persistent CE. In multivariate model 2, Eotaxin (at T4: odds ratio [OR] = 1.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-1.035) and possibly PDGF-AA (at T4), sCD40L (at T4), and TNF-α (at T4) was associated with persistent CE. CONCLUSIONS We identified serum cytokines at different time points that were independently associated with persistent CE. Specifically, persistent elevations of Eotaxin is associated with persistent CE after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Angela Burkett
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Atzhiry Paz
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jude P Savarraj
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Hinds
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Georgene Hergenroeder
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron M Gusdon
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Huimahn A Choi
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 7.154, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Gao H, Yu Z, Li Y, Wang X. miR-100-5p in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes mediates eosinophilic inflammation to alleviate atherosclerosis via the FZD5/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1166-1176. [PMID: 34254638 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC-Ex) play important roles in immune and inflammation diseases. However, the role of hUCMSC-Ex in atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. In this study, the isolated exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Exosome marker protein levels were increased in the hUCMSC-Ex compared with those in hUCMSC suspension, indicating that exosomes were successfully isolated from hUCMSCs. Furthermore, eosinophils were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to construct inflammation model and then incubated with hUCMSC-Ex derived from hUCMSCs which were transfected with miR-100-5p mimic or miR-100-5p inhibitor. We found that hUCMSC-Ex increased miR-100-5p expression, inhibited cell migration, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in ox-LDL-treated eosinophils, and miR-100-5p overexpression in hUCMSCs enhanced these effects, while miR-100-5p inhibition reversed these effects. Moreover, frizzled 5 (FZD5) was a target gene of miR-100-5p. FZD5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of hUCMSC-Ex-miR-100-5p on cell progression and inflammation in eosinophils. Additionally, hUCMSC-Ex-miR-100-5p decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and β-catenin proteins. Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator BML-284 effectively reversed the effects of hUCMSC-Ex-miR-100-5p on cell progression and inflammation in eosinophils. ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet to construct an atherosclerosis mice model, and hUCMSC-Ex was injected into mice. hUCMSC-Ex reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and inflammation response in atherosclerosis mice. This study demonstrates that hUCMSC-Ex-miR-100-5p inhibits cell progression and inflammatory response in eosinophils via the FZD5/Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby alleviating atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Gao
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingyang People’s Hospital, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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11
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Inflammation in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders-Role of Oxidative Stress. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070672. [PMID: 34357044 PMCID: PMC8308054 DOI: 10.3390/life11070672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the main cause of death worldwide. Both inflammation and oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in the progress of CVD. It is well known that generation of oxidative stress during the course of CVD is involved in tissue damage and inflammation, causing deleterious effects such as hypertension, dysfunctional metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Remarkably, natural antioxidant strategies have been increasingly discovered and are subject to current scientific investigations. Here, we addressed the activation of immune cells in the context of ROS production, as well as how their interaction with other cellular players and further (immune) mediators contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. We also highlight how a dysregulated complement system contributes to immune imbalance and tissue damage in the context of increases oxidative stress. Additionally, modulation of hypothalamic oxidative stress is discussed, which may offer novel treatment strategies for type-2 diabetes and obesity. Together, we provide new perspectives on therapy strategies for CVD caused by oxidative stress, with a focus on oxidative stress.
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12
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Gore Karaali M, Koku Aksu AE, Cin M, Leblebici C, Kara Polat A, Gurel MS. Tissue eosinophil levels as a marker of disease severity in bullous pemphigoid. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e236-e241. [PMID: 33748980 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils play an important role in bullous pemphigoid (BP) pathogenesis. Although tissue infiltration with eosinophils has been known for a long time, there is a lack of knowledge about the relationship between tissue eosinophil levels and disease severity and clinical characteristics of the patients. METHODS Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with BP between January 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed. Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E)-stained preparations were re-evaluated in terms of tissue eosinophil levels. For disease severity, Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) was used. The relationship between tissue eosinophil levels and disease severity and clinical features were evaluated. RESULTS Erosion/blister and urticaria/erythema BPDAI scores were higher in the group with high tissue eosinophil level than the group with low tissue eosinophil level. Tissue and peripheral blood eosinophil count were correlated with total urticaria/erythema BPDAI scores. There was no correlation between blood and tissue eosinophil count. The mortality rate was 64.7% vs 44.0% in the high vs low tissue eosinophil groups. Tissue eosinophil levels were high in patients with BP accompanying neurological disease. CONCLUSIONS Tissue eosinophil count and peripheral blood eosinophil count were correlated with disease severity in BP. Tissue eosinophil levels were also high in patients with BP accompanying neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Gore Karaali
- Department of Dermatology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ayse Esra Koku Aksu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Science (HSU) Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Cin
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Science (HSU) Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Leblebici
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Science (HSU) Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Kara Polat
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Science (HSU) Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Gurel
- Department of Dermatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Holmegaard L, Stanne TM, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Blomstrand C, Jood K, Jern C. Proinflammatory protein signatures in cryptogenic and large artery atherosclerosis stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 143:303-312. [PMID: 33107019 PMCID: PMC7898473 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The cause of ischemic stroke remains unknown, cryptogenic, in 25% of young and middle‐aged patients. We hypothesized that if atherosclerosis is prominent in cryptogenic stroke, it would have a similar proinflammatory protein signature as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke. Materials & Methods Blood was collected in the acute phase and after 3 months from cryptogenic (n = 162) and LAA (n = 73) stroke patients aged 18–69 years and once from age‐matched controls (n = 235). Cryptogenic stroke was divided into Framingham Risk Score (FRS) quartiles to compare low and high risk of atherosclerosis. Plasma concentrations of 25 proteins were analyzed using a Luminex multiplex assay. The discriminating properties were assessed with discriminant analysis and C‐statistics. Results We identified proteins that separated cryptogenic and LAA stroke from controls (area under the curves, AUCs ≥ 0.85). For both subtypes, RANTES, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ contributed the most at both time points. These associations were independent of risk factors of atherosclerosis. We also identified proteins that separated cryptogenic strokes in the lowest quartile of FRS from those in the highest, and from LAA stroke (AUCs ≥ 0.76), and here eotaxin and MCP‐1 contributed the most. Conclusions The protein signature separating cases from controls was different from the signature separating cryptogenic stroke with low risk of atherosclerosis from those with high risk and from LAA stroke. This suggests that increased RANTES, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ in stroke may not be primarily related to atherosclerosis, whereas increased eotaxin and MCP‐1 in cryptogenic stroke may be markers of occult atherosclerosis as the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Holmegaard
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Neurology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Tara M. Stanne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL London UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
| | - Christian Blomstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Neurology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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14
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Gencer S, Evans BR, van der Vorst EP, Döring Y, Weber C. Inflammatory Chemokines in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020226. [PMID: 33503867 PMCID: PMC7911854 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a long-term, chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall leading to the formation of occlusive or rupture-prone lesions in large arteries. Complications of atherosclerosis can become severe and lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with lethal consequences. During the last three decades, chemokines and their receptors earned great attention in the research of atherosclerosis as they play a key role in development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. They orchestrate activation, recruitment, and infiltration of immune cells and subsequent phenotypic changes, e.g., increased uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages, promoting the development of foam cells, a key feature developing plaques. In addition, chemokines and their receptors maintain homing of adaptive immune cells but also drive pro-atherosclerotic leukocyte responses. Recently, specific targeting, e.g., by applying cell specific knock out models have shed new light on their functions in chronic vascular inflammation. This article reviews recent findings on the role of immunomodulatory chemokines in the development of atherosclerosis and their potential for targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.G.); (E.P.C.v.d.V.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bryce R. Evans
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (B.R.E.)
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.G.); (E.P.C.v.d.V.); (Y.D.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.G.); (E.P.C.v.d.V.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (B.R.E.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.G.); (E.P.C.v.d.V.); (Y.D.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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15
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Abstract
Thrombosis is the most feared complication of cardiovascular diseases and a main cause of death worldwide, making it a major health-care challenge. Platelets and the coagulation cascade are effectively targeted by antithrombotic approaches, which carry an inherent risk of bleeding. Moreover, antithrombotics cannot completely prevent thrombotic events, implicating a therapeutic gap due to a third, not yet adequately addressed mechanism, namely inflammation. In this Review, we discuss how the synergy between inflammation and thrombosis drives thrombotic diseases. We focus on the huge potential of anti-inflammatory strategies to target cardiovascular pathologies. Findings in the past decade have uncovered a sophisticated connection between innate immunity, platelet activation and coagulation, termed immunothrombosis. Immunothrombosis is an important host defence mechanism to limit systemic spreading of pathogens through the bloodstream. However, the aberrant activation of immunothrombosis in cardiovascular diseases causes myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thromboembolism. The clinical relevance of aberrant immunothrombosis, referred to as thromboinflammation, is supported by the increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory diseases but also during infections, including in COVID-19. Clinical trials in the past 4 years have confirmed the anti-ischaemic effects of anti-inflammatory strategies, backing the concept of a prothrombotic function of inflammation. Targeting inflammation to prevent thrombosis leaves haemostasis mainly unaffected, circumventing the risk of bleeding associated with current approaches. Considering the growing number of anti-inflammatory therapies, it is crucial to appreciate their potential in covering therapeutic gaps in cardiovascular diseases.
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16
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Kang JS, Yang YR. Circulating plasma factors involved in rejuvenation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23394-23408. [PMID: 33197235 PMCID: PMC7746393 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is defined as a time-dependent functional decline that occurs in many physiological systems. This decline is the primary risk factor for prominent human pathologies such as cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Aging and age-related diseases have multiple causes. Parabiosis experiments, in which the circulatory systems of young and old mice were surgically joined, revealed that young plasma counteracts aging and rejuvenates organs in old mice, suggesting the existence of rejuvenating factors that become less abundant with aging. Diverse approaches have identified a large number of plasma proteins whose levels differ significantly between young and old mice, as well as numerous rejuvenating factors that reverse aged-related impairments in multiple tissues. These observations suggest that increasing the levels of key rejuvenating factors could promote restorative biological processes or inhibit pathological degeneration. Inspired by such findings, several companies have begun selling “young blood transfusions,” and others have tested young plasma as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we summarize the current findings regarding rejuvenating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sook Kang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Araújo LS, Torquato BGS, da Silva CA, Dos Reis Monteiro MLG, Dos Santos Martins ALM, da Silva MV, Dos Reis MA, Machado JR. Renal expression of cytokines and chemokines in diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:308. [PMID: 32723296 PMCID: PMC7389446 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DN, thus considered an inflammatory disease. However, further studies are required to assess the renal damage caused by the action of these molecules. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the expression of cytokines and chemokines in renal biopsies from patients with DN and to correlate it with interstitial inflammation and decreased renal function. METHODS Forty-four native renal biopsies from patients with DN and 23 control cases were selected. In situ expression of eotaxin, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), IL-8 (interleukin-8), IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-1), IL-1β, and IL-6 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The DN group showed a significant increase in IL-6 (p < 0.0001), IL-1β (p < 0.0001), IL-4 (p < 0.0001) and eotaxin (p = 0.0012) expression, and a decrease in TNFR1 (p = 0.0107) and IL-8 (p = 0.0262) expression compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in IL-10 (p = 0.4951), TNF-α (p = 0.7534), and MIP-1α (p = 0.3816) expression among groups. Regarding interstitial inflammation, there was a significant increase in IL-6 in scores 0 and 1 compared to score 2 (p = 0.0035), in IL-10 in score 2 compared to score 0 (p = 0.0479), and in eotaxin in score 2 compared to scores 0 and 1 (p < 0.0001), whereas IL-8 (p = 0.0513) and MIP-1α (p = 0.1801) showed no significant differences. There was a tendency for negative correlation between eotaxin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.0566). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated an increased in situ production of cytokines and chemokines in DN, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, and eotaxin. It was observed that, possibly, eotaxin may have an important role in the progression of interstitial inflammation in DN and in eGFR decrease of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Silva Torquato
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Monteiro Dos Santos Martins
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Getúlio Guaritá, n° 130, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-440, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil.
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18
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Chen HJ, Tas SW, de Winther MPJ. Type-I interferons in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132613. [PMID: 31821440 PMCID: PMC7037237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chen et al. review the effects of type-I IFNs and the potential of anti–type-I IFN therapies in atherosclerosis. The contribution of dyslipidemia and inflammation in atherosclerosis is well established. Along with effective lipid-lowering treatments, the recent success of clinical trials with anti-inflammatory therapies and the accelerated atherosclerosis in many autoimmune diseases suggest that targeting inflammation may open new avenues for the prevention and the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the past decades, studies have widened the role of type-I interferons (IFNs) in disease, from antivirus defense to autoimmune responses and immuno-metabolic syndromes. While elevated type-I IFN level in serum is associated with CVD incidence in patients with interferonopathies, experimental data have attested that type-I IFNs affect plaque-residing macrophages, potentiate foam cell and extracellular trap formation, induce endothelial dysfunction, alter the phenotypes of dendritic cells and T and B lymphocytes, and lead to exacerbated atherosclerosis outcomes. In this review, we discuss the production and the effects of type-I IFNs in different atherosclerosis-associated cell types from molecular biology studies, animal models, and clinical observations, and the potential of new therapies against type-I IFN signaling for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Chen
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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19
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Tiemann J, Wagner T, Vanakker OM, van Gils M, Cabrera JLB, Ibold B, Faust I, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Cellular and Molecular Biomarkers Indicate Premature Aging in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Patients. Aging Dis 2020; 11:536-546. [PMID: 32489700 PMCID: PMC7220280 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes of aging are very heterogenic and not fully understood. Studies on rare progeria syndromes, which display an accelerated progression of physiological aging, can help to get a better understanding. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene shares some molecular characteristics with such premature aging diseases. Thus, this is the first study trying to broaden the knowledge of aging processes in PXE patients. In this study, we investigated aging associated biomarkers in primary human dermal fibroblasts and sera from PXE patients compared to healthy controls. Determination of serum concentrations of the aging biomarkers eotaxin-1 (CCL11), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) showed no significant differences between PXE patients and healthy controls. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of PXE patients older than 45 years compared to the appropriate control group. Tissue specific gene expression of GDF11 and IGFBP3 were significantly decreased in fibroblasts from PXE patients compared to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). IGFBP3 protein concentration in supernatants of fibroblasts from PXE patients were decreased compared to NHDF but did not reach statistical significance due to potential gender specific variations. The minor changes in concentration of circulating aging biomarkers in sera of PXE patients and the significant aberrant tissue specific expression seen for selected factors in PXE fibroblasts, suggests a link between ABCC6 deficiency and accelerated aging processes in affected peripheral tissues of PXE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tiemann
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias van Gils
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José-Luis Bueno Cabrera
- 3Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Bettina Ibold
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Isabel Faust
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- 1Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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20
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Expression of Nik-related kinase in smooth muscle cells attenuates vascular inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7511-7533. [PMID: 32330120 PMCID: PMC7202544 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of the vascular microenvironment modulates distinct types of vascular cells, and plays important roles in promoting atherosclerosis, stenosis/restenosis, and vascular-related diseases. Nik-related kinase (Nrk), a member of the Ste20-type kinase family, has been reported to be selectively expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle. However, whether Nrk is expressed in adult vascular smooth muscle, and if it influences intimal hyperplasia is unclear. Here, we found that Nrk is abundantly expressed in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and mouse arterial intima. Treatment of mouse VSMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or platelet-derived growth factor significantly reduced Nrk expression. In addition, expression of Nrk was significantly reduced in regions of neointimal formation caused by guide-wire carotid artery injuries in mice, as well as in human atherosclerotic tissues, when compared to normal vessels. We identified that expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP8 and MMP12) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (CCL6, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL9) are synergistically induced by Nrk siRNA in LPS-treated mouse VSMCs. Moreover, we found that resveratrol significantly impaired LPS- and Nrk siRNA-induced expression of MMP3, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL3 and CXCL5. These results suggested that Nrk may play important roles in regulating pathological progression of atherosclerosis or neointimal- hyperplasia-related vascular diseases.
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21
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Morieri ML, Shah HS, Sjaarda J, Lenzini PA, Campbell H, Motsinger-Reif AA, Gao H, Lovato L, Prudente S, Pandolfi A, Pezzolesi MG, Sigal RJ, Paré G, Marcovina SM, Rotroff DM, Patorno E, Mercuri L, Trischitta V, Chew EY, Kraft P, Buse JB, Wagner MJ, Cresci S, Gerstein HC, Ginsberg HN, Mychaleckyj JC, Doria A. PPARA Polymorphism Influences the Cardiovascular Benefit of Fenofibrate in Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From ACCORD-Lipid. Diabetes 2020; 69:771-783. [PMID: 31974142 PMCID: PMC7085251 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular benefits of fibrates have been shown to be heterogeneous and to depend on the presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. We investigated whether genetic variability in the PPARA gene, coding for the pharmacological target of fibrates (PPAR-α), could be used to improve the selection of patients with type 2 diabetes who may derive cardiovascular benefit from addition of this treatment to statins. We identified a common variant at the PPARA locus (rs6008845, C/T) displaying a study-wide significant influence on the effect of fenofibrate on major cardiovascular events (MACE) among 3,065 self-reported white subjects treated with simvastatin and randomized to fenofibrate or placebo in the ACCORD-Lipid trial. T/T homozygotes (36% of participants) experienced a 51% MACE reduction in response to fenofibrate (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.34-0.72), whereas no benefit was observed for other genotypes (P interaction = 3.7 × 10-4). The rs6008845-by-fenofibrate interaction on MACE was replicated in African Americans from ACCORD (N = 585, P = 0.02) and in external cohorts (ACCORD-BP, ORIGIN, and TRIUMPH, total N = 3059, P = 0.005). Remarkably, rs6008845 T/T homozygotes experienced a cardiovascular benefit from fibrate even in the absence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Among these individuals, but not among carriers of other genotypes, fenofibrate treatment was associated with lower circulating levels of CCL11-a proinflammatory and atherogenic chemokine also known as eotaxin (P for rs6008845-by-fenofibrate interaction = 0.003). The GTEx data set revealed regulatory functions of rs6008845 on PPARA expression in many tissues. In summary, we have found a common PPARA regulatory variant that influences the cardiovascular effects of fenofibrate and that could be used to identify patients with type 2 diabetes who would derive benefit from fenofibrate treatment, in addition to those with atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luca Morieri
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hetal S Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Sjaarda
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petra A Lenzini
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hannah Campbell
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
| | - He Gao
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Lovato
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcus G Pezzolesi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Santica M Marcovina
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, and Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Elisabetta Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luana Mercuri
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter Kraft
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Yang Y, Liao G, Wu X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wang Z. Role of eotaxin-1/CCL11 in sepsis-induced myocardial injury in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4463-4473. [PMID: 32147601 PMCID: PMC7093174 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a serious complication of sepsis. The present study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients and mice with sepsis-induced myocardial injury were identified via bioinformatic analysis. The identified DEG was tested in elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. We identified 19 co-expressed DEGs. The most significant DEG was eotaxin-1/CCL11. We enrolled 25 controls without infections and 28 patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Six of patients died within 30 days. Circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury than controls and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (both P < 0.01). Eotaxin-1/CCL11 was positively correlated with troponin I (r=0.48, P=0.01), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP, r=0.44, P=0.02), and white blood cell (WBC) count (r=0.41, P=0.03). For the prediction of 30-day mortality, eotaxin-1/CCL11 had the greatest discriminatory ability (AUC 0.97) compared with troponin I (AUC 0.89), BNP (AUC 0.80), and WBC count (AUC 0.86). Taken together, eotaxin-1/CCL11 was upregulated in sepsis-injured myocardium and circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 was a biomarker for predicting severity and mortality of elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. These results suggest that eotaxin-1/CCL11 may become a useful biomarkers and potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Youguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanrui Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Guihua Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan, China
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23
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Eosinophil-platelet interactions promote atherosclerosis and stabilize thrombosis with eosinophil extracellular traps. Blood 2020; 134:1859-1872. [PMID: 31481482 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations implicate a role of eosinophils in cardiovascular diseases because markers of eosinophil activation are elevated in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, their contribution to atherosclerotic plaque formation and arterial thrombosis remains unclear. In these settings, we investigated how eosinophils are recruited and activated through an interplay with platelets. Here, we provide evidence for a central importance of eosinophil-platelet interactions in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We show that eosinophils support atherosclerotic plaque formation involving enhanced von Willebrand factor exposure on endothelial cells and augmented platelet adhesion. During arterial thrombosis, eosinophils are quickly recruited in an integrin-dependent manner and engage in interactions with platelets leading to eosinophil activation as we show by intravital calcium imaging. These direct interactions induce the formation of eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs), which are present in human thrombi and constitute a substantial part of extracellular traps in murine thrombi. EETs are decorated with the granule protein major basic protein, which causes platelet activation by eosinophils. Consequently, targeting of EETs diminished thrombus formation in vivo, which identifies this approach as a novel antithrombotic concept. Finally, in our clinical analysis of coronary artery thrombi, we identified female patients with stent thrombosis as the population that might derive the greatest benefit from an eosinophil-inhibiting strategy. In summary, eosinophils contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and thrombosis through an interplay with platelets, resulting in mutual activation. Therefore, eosinophils are a promising new target in the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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24
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Bhattacharya S, Kawamura A. Using evasins to target the chemokine network in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:1-38. [PMID: 31997766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, is driven by a network comprising cytokines, chemokines, their target receptors and leukocytes, and is a major pathologic mechanism that adversely affects organ function in diverse human diseases. Despite being supported by substantial target validation, no successful anti-chemokine therapeutic to treat inflammatory disease has yet been developed. This is in part because of the robustness of the chemokine network, which emerges from a large total chemokine load in disease, promiscuous expression of receptors on leukocytes, promiscuous and synergistic interactions between chemokines and receptors, and feedforward loops created by secretion of chemokines by leukocytes themselves. Many parasites, including viruses, helminths and ticks, evade the chemokine network by producing proteins that bind promiscuously to chemokines or their receptors. Evasins - three small glycoproteins identified in the saliva of the brown dog tick - bind multiple chemokines, and are active in several animal models of inflammatory disease. Over 50 evasin homologs have recently been identified from diverse tick species. Characterization of the chemokine binding patterns of evasins show that several have anti-chemokine activities that extend substantially beyond those previously described. These studies indicate that evasins function at the site of the tick bite by reducing total chemokine load. This not only reduces chemokine signaling to receptors, but also interrupts feedforward loops, thus disabling the chemokine network. Taking the lead from nature, a goal for the development of new anti-chemokine therapeutics would be to reduce the total chemokine load in disease. This could be achieved by administering appropriate evasin combinations or by smaller peptides that mimic evasin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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McCarthy CP, Shrestha S, Ibrahim N, van Kimmenade RRJ, Gaggin HK, Mukai R, Magaret C, Barnes G, Rhyne R, Garasic JM, Januzzi JL. Performance of a clinical/proteomic panel to predict obstructive peripheral artery disease in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000955. [PMID: 31217993 PMCID: PMC6546197 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at substantial risk of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD). We recently developed a clinical/proteomic panel to predict obstructive PAD. In this study, we compare the accuracy of this panel for the diagnosis of PAD in patients with and without DM. Methods and results The HART PAD panel consists of one clinical variable (history of hypertension) and concentrations of six biomarkers (midkine, kidney injury molecule-1, interleukin-23, follicle-stimulating hormone, angiopoietin-1 and eotaxin-1). In a prospective cohort of 354 patients undergoing peripheral and/or coronary angiography, performance of this diagnostic panel to detect ≥50% stenosis in at least one peripheral vessel was assessed in patients with (n=94) and without DM (n=260). The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85 for obstructive PAD. At optimal cut-off, the model had 84% sensitivity, 75% specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) of 84% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75% for detection of PAD among patients with DM, similar as in those without DM. In those with DM, partitioning the model into five levels resulted in a PPV of 95% and NPV of 100% in the highest and lowest levels, respectively. Abnormal scores were associated with a shorter time to revascularisation during 4.3 years of follow-up. Conclusion A clinical/biomarker model can predict with high accuracy the presence of PAD among patients with DM. Trial registration number NCT00842868.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian P McCarthy
- Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shreya Shrestha
- Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nasrien Ibrahim
- Medicine/Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hanna K Gaggin
- Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renata Mukai
- Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M Garasic
- Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Del Porto F, Cifani N, Proietta M, Dezi T, Panzera C, Ficarelli R, Taurino M. Inflammation and immune response in carotid artery stenosis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4777.18.01385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Rios-Navarro C, Gavara J, Vidal V, Bonanad C, Racugno P, Bayes-Genis A, Miñana G, Husser O, Oltra R, Nuñez J, Chorro FJ, Bodi V, Ruiz-Sauri A. Characterization and implications of the dynamics of eosinophils in blood and in the infarcted myocardium after coronary reperfusion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206344. [PMID: 30365558 PMCID: PMC6203260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We characterized the dynamics of eosinophils in blood and in the infarcted myocardium in patients and in a swine model of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). The association of eosinophil dynamics with various outcomes was assessed. Methods Serial eosinophil count and pre-discharge cardiac magnetic resonance were carried out in a prospective series of 620 patients with a first ST-elevation MI. In a swine model of reperfused MI, the dynamics of circulating eosinophils and their presence in the infarcted myocardium were determined. In autopsies from chronic MI patients, eosinophils were quantified. Results Patient eosinophil count sharply decreased 12h post-reperfusion compared to arrival. A lower minimum eosinophil count was associated with more extensive edema, microvascular obstruction, and infarct size as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance, and also with a higher rate of cardiac events (death, re-infarction, or heart failure) during follow-up. In the experimental model, eosinophil count boosted during ischemia and dropped back immediately post-reperfusion. Myocardial samples revealed progressive eosinophil migration into the infarcted myocardium, especially areas with microvascular obstruction. Markers of eosinophil maturation and survival (interleukin-5), degranulation (eosinophil cationic protein) and migration (eotoxin-1) were detected in the blood of patients, and in porcine myocardium. Eosinophil infiltration was detected in autopsies from chronic MI patients. Conclusion Eosinopenia post-MI was associated with an impaired cardiac structure and adverse events. The decay in circulating eosinophils soon after reperfusion mirrors their migration into the infarcted myocardium, as reflected by their presence in heart samples from swine and patients. Further studies are needed to understanding this unexplored pathway and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rios-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Gavara
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Vidal
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bonanad
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paolo Racugno
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Cardiology Department and Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias iPujol, Badalona, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Miñana
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Husser
- Department of Cardiology, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ricardo Oltra
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Nuñez
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Bodi
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Sauri
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Escate R, Mata P, Cepeda JM, Padró T, Badimon L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2018; 32:601-612. [PMID: 29457550 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) conveys a high risk of premature atherosclerosis as a result of lifelong exposure to high LDL cholesterol levels that are not fully reduced by standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment. Inflammatory mediators have played a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated whether innate immunity cells in patients with FH have a specific proinflammatory phenotype that is distinct from that of cells in normal participants. To this end, miR-505-3p-a microRNA related to chronic inflammation-and its target genes were investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs) of patients with FH (FH-MACs) and non-FH controls (co-MACs). On the basis of the profiler PCR array analysis of agomiR-505-3p-transfected MACs, we identified the chemokine receptors, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1, as genes that are regulated by miR-505-3p via the transcription factor, RUNX1. miR-505-3p was significantly down-regulated, whereas CCR3, CCR4, CXCR, and RUNX1 were increased in FH-MAC compared with co-MAC, with the increase being more evident in the proinflammatory M1-like FH-MAC. Chemokine receptor levels were unrelated to LDL plasma levels at entry, but correlated with age in patients with FH, not in controls. In summary, we demonstrate for first time to our knowledge that MACs from FH-MACs have an inflammatory phenotype that is characterized by the up-regulation of CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1 under the control of miR-505-3p. These results suggest a chronic inflammatory condition in FH innate immunity cells that is not reverted by standard lipid-lowering treatment.-Escate, R., Mata, P., Cepeda, J. M., Padró, T., Badimon, L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Cepeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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McCarthy CP, Ibrahim NE, van Kimmenade RRJ, Gaggin HK, Simon ML, Gandhi P, Kelly N, Motiwala SR, Mukai R, Magaret CA, Barnes G, Rhyne RF, Garasic JM, Januzzi JL. A clinical and proteomics approach to predict the presence of obstructive peripheral arterial disease: From the Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases (CASABLANCA) Study. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:903-909. [PMID: 29876944 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a global health problem that is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Noninvasive tools to predict the presence and severity of PAD have limitations including inaccuracy, cost, or need for intravenous contrast and ionizing radiation. HYPOTHESIS A clinical/biomarker score may offer an attractive alternative diagnostic method for PAD. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 354 patients referred for diagnostic peripheral and/or coronary angiography, predictors of ≥50% stenosis in ≥1 peripheral vessel (carotid/subclavian, renal, or lower extremity arteries) were identified from >50 clinical variables and 109 biomarkers. Machine learning identified variables predictive of obstructive PAD; a score derived from the final model was developed. RESULTS The score consisted of 1 clinical variable (history of hypertension) and 6 biomarkers (midkine, kidney injury molecule-1, interleukin-23, follicle-stimulating hormone, angiopoietin-1, and eotaxin-1). The model had an in-sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 for obstructive PAD and a cross-validated area under the curve of 0.84; higher scores were associated with greater severity of angiographic stenosis. At optimal cutoff, the score had 65% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 76% positive predictive value (PPV), and 81% negative predictive value (NPV) for obstructive PAD and performed consistently across vascular territories. Partitioning the score into 5 levels resulted in a PPV of 86% and NPV of 98% in the highest and lowest levels, respectively. Elevated score was associated with shorter time to revascularization during 4.3 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A clinical/biomarker score demonstrates high accuracy for predicting the presence of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian P McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | | | - Hanna K Gaggin
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Cardiometabolic Trials, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandy L Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Parul Gandhi
- Division of Cardiology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Noreen Kelly
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shweta R Motiwala
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renata Mukai
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | | | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Cardiometabolic Trials, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency exacerbates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67760-67776. [PMID: 27626316 PMCID: PMC5356517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic but often fatal disease in elderly population. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress response protein with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. HO-1 has been shown to protect against atherogenesis and arterial intimal thickening. Emerging evidences suggest that AAA and arterial occlusive disease have distinct pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, in this study we investigated the role of HO-1 in angiotensin II-induced AAA formation in HO-1+/+apoE−/− and HO-1−/−apoE−/− mice. We found that complete loss of HO-1 increased AAA incidence and rupture rate, and drastically increased aneurysmal area and severity, accompanied with severe elastin degradation and medial degeneration. Interestingly, we often observed not only AAA but also thoracic aortic aneurysm in HO-1−/−apoE−/− mice. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species levels, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss, macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were markedly enhanced in the aneurysmal aortic wall in HO-1−/−apoE−/− mice. In addition, HO-1−/−apoE−/− VSMCs were more susceptible to oxidant-induced cell death and macrophages from HO-1−/−apoE−/− mice had aggravated responses to angiotensin II with substantial increases in inflammatory cytokine productions and MMP9 activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the essential roles of HO-1 in suppressing the pathogenesis of AAA. Targeting HO-1 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for AAA.
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Kovanen PT, Bot I. Mast cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease – Activators and actions. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hoefer J, Luger M, Dal-Pont C, Culig Z, Schennach H, Jochberger S. The "Aging Factor" Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) Is Detectable in Transfusion Blood Products and Increases with the Donor's Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:402. [PMID: 29249965 PMCID: PMC5717008 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High blood levels of the chemokine eotaxin-1 (CCL11) have recently been associated with aging and dementia, as well as impaired memory and learning in humans. Importantly, eotaxin-1 was shown to pass the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and has been identified as crucial mediator of decreased neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in young mice after being surgically connected to the vessel system of old animals in a parabiosis model. It thus has to be assumed that differences in eotaxin-1 levels between blood donors and recipients might influence cognitive functions also in humans. However, it is unknown if eotaxin-1 is stable during processing and storage of transfusion blood components. This study assesses eotaxin-1 concentrations in fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), erythrocyte concentrate (EC), and platelet concentrate (PC) in dependence of storage time as well as the donor’s age and gender. Methods: Eotaxin-1 was measured in FFP (n = 168), EC (n = 160) and PC (n = 8) ready-to-use for transfusion employing a Q-Plex immunoassay for eotaxin-1. Absolute quantification of eotaxin-1 was performed with Q-view software. Results: Eotaxin-1 was consistently detected at a physiological level in FFP and EC but not PC. Eotaxin-1 levels were comparable in male and female donors but increased significantly with rising age of donors in both, FFP and EC. Furthermore, eotaxin-1 was not influenced by storage time of either blood component. Finally, eotaxin-1 is subject to only minor fluctuations within one donor over a longer period of time. Conclusion: Eotaxin-1 is detectable and stable in FFP and EC and increases with donor’s age. Considering the presumed involvement in aging and cognitive malfunction, differences in donor- and recipient eotaxin-1 levels might affect mental factors after blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoefer
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Luger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Dal-Pont
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunological Department, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunological Department, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Jochberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Escate R, Mata P, Cepeda JM, Padreó T, Badimon L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J 2017; 32:601-612. [PMID: 32172543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) conveys a high risk of premature atherosclerosis as a result of lifelong exposure to high LDL cholesterol levels that are not fully reduced by standard-of-care lipid-lowering treatment. Inflammatory mediators have played a role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we investigated whether innate immunity cells in patients with FH have a specific proinflammatory phenotype that is distinct from that of cells in normal participants. To this end, miR-505-3p-a microRNA related to chronic inflammation-and its target genes were investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MACs) of patients with FH (FH-MACs) and non-FH controls (co-MACs). On the basis of the profiler PCR array analysis of agomiR-505-3p-transfected MACs, we identified the chemokine receptors, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1, as genes that are regulated by miR-505-3p via the transcription factor, RUNX1. miR-505-3p was significantly down-regulated, whereas CCR3, CCR4, CXCR, and RUNX1 were increased in FH-MAC compared with co-MAC, with the increase being more evident in the proinflammatory M1-like FH-MAC. Chemokine receptor levels were unrelated to LDL plasma levels at entry, but correlated with age in patients with FH, not in controls. In summary, we demonstrate for first time to our knowledge that MACs from FH-MACs have an inflammatory phenotype that is characterized by the up-regulation of CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR1 under the control of miR-505-3p. These results suggest a chronic inflammatory condition in FH innate immunity cells that is not reverted by standard lipid-lowering treatment.-Escate, R., Mata, P., Cepeda, J.M., Padró, T., Badimon, L. miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J. 32, 601-612 (2018). www.fasebj.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundacion Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Cepeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Teresa Padreó
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICCC), Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wu MY, Li CJ, Hou MF, Chu PY. New Insights into the Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102034. [PMID: 28937652 PMCID: PMC5666716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, smooth muscle cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, necrosis, fibrosis, and local inflammation. Immune and inflammatory responses have significant effects on every phase of atherosclerosis, and increasing evidence shows that immunity plays a more important role in atherosclerosis by tightly regulating its progression. Therefore, understanding the relationship between immune responses and the atherosclerotic microenvironment is extremely important. This article reviews existing knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of immune responses in the atherosclerotic microenvironment, and the immune mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis formation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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Qin M, Wang L, Li F, Yang M, Song L, Tian F, Yukht A, Shah PK, Rothenberg ME, Sharifi BG. Oxidized LDL activated eosinophil polarize macrophage phenotype from M2 to M1 through activation of CD36 scavenger receptor. Atherosclerosis 2017. [PMID: 28623741 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation, particularly innate immunity, plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether atherogenic determinants such as oxidized LDL modulate the phenotype of eosinophils. METHODS Cultured eosinophils were treated with oxidized LDL and the expression of selective inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was determined. In addition, the eosinophil receptor and signaling that mediate these events were identified. RESULTS Treatment of cultured eosinophils with oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) specifically induced the expression of IFNα and IFNβ without affecting expression of other proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. In macrophages, Ox-LDL downregulated expression of both IFNα and IFNβ, suggesting that the effect of Ox-LDL on the expression of type I interferons is specific to eosinophils. Furthermore, we noted that eosinophils constitutively expressed IL-4 and IL-13, and Ox-LDL markedly downregulated their expression. Analysis of Ox-LDL signaling revealed that eosinophils constitutively expressed SRB2, CD36, and CD68 scavenger receptors, and Ox-LDL markedly induced the expression of CD36. Further analysis of CD36 signaling by siRNA and neutralizing antibodies showed that the induction of type I IFN by Ox-LDL is mediated by CD36 signaling whereas downregulation of IL-4 is independent of CD36 activation. We further showed that peritoneal macrophages treated with condition medium collected from Ox-LDL treated eosinophils markedly induced the expression of M1 markers such as iNOS, IL6, SOSC3 and TNFα whereas the condition medium from non-treated eosinophils significantly induced expression of M2 markers like ARG1 and CCL24. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that an atherogenic condition could activate eosinophils and modulate the phenotype of macrophages (from M2 to M1 phenotype), in part, through the CD36 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Qin
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lai Wang
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fuqiang Li
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang Tian
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ada Yukht
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Behrooz G Sharifi
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vasconcelos DIBD, Mota EM, Pelajo-Machado M. Characterisation of the vascular pathology in Sigmodon hispidus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) following experimental infection with Angiostrongylus costaricensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:328-338. [PMID: 28443978 PMCID: PMC5398158 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode that causes human abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a disease found mainly in Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil and Costa Rica. Its life cycle involves exploitation of both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Its natural reservoir is a vertebrate host, the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus. The adult worms live in the ileo-colic branches of the upper mesenteric artery of S. hispidus, causing periarteritis. However, there is a lack of data on the development of vasculitis in the course of infection. OBJECTIVE To describe the histopathology of vascular lesions in S. hispidus following infection with A. costaricensis. METHODS Twenty-one S. hispidus were euthanised at 30, 50, 90 and 114 days post-infection (dpi), and guts and mesentery (including the cecal artery) were collected. Tissues were fixed in Carson's Millonig formalin, histologically processed for paraffin embedding, sectioned with a rotary microtome, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, resorcin-fuchsin, Perls, Sirius Red (pH = 10.2), Congo Red, and Azan trichrome for brightfield microscopy analysis. FINDINGS At 30 and 50 dpi, live eggs and larvae were present inside the vasa vasorum of the cecal artery, leading to eosinophil infiltrates throughout the vessel adventitia and promoting centripetal vasculitis with disruption of the elastic layers. Disease severity increased at 90 and 114 dpi, when many worms had died and the intensity of the vascular lesions was greatest, with intimal alterations, thrombus formation, iron accumulation, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION In addition to abdominal angiostrongyliasis, our data suggest that this model could be very useful for autoimune vasculitis and atherosclerosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ester Maria Mota
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Raghuraman G, Hsiung J, Zuniga MC, Baughman BD, Hitchner E, Guzman RJ, Zhou W. Eotaxin Augments Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:647-654. [PMID: 27681294 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcification of atherosclerotic plaques in elderly patients represents a potent risk marker of cardiovascular events. Plasma analyses of patients with or without calcified plaques reveal significant differences in chemokines, particularly eotaxin, which escalates with increased calcification. We therefore, hypothesize that eotaxin in circulation augments calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) possibly via oxidative stress in the vasculature. We observe that eotaxin increases the rate of calcification significantly in VSMCs as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic marker expression. In addition, eotaxin promotes proliferation in VSMCs and triggers oxidative stress in a NADPH oxidase dependent manner. These primary novel observations support our proposition that in the vasculature eotaxin augments mineralization. Our findings suggest that eotaxin may represent a potential therapeutic target for prevention of cardiovascular complications in the elderly. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 647-654, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hsiung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mary C Zuniga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Raul J Guzman
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachesetts
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Czepluch FS, Meier J, Binder C, Hasenfuss G, Schäfer K. CCL5 deficiency reduces neointima formation following arterial injury and thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Thromb Res 2016; 144:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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39
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Liu CL, Zhang JY, Shi GP. Interaction between allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2016; 174:5-22. [PMID: 26608212 PMCID: PMC4826642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established an essential role of mast cells in allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Mast cell deficiency or inactivation protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and diet-induced atherosclerosis, suggesting that mast cells share pathologic activities in both diseases. Allergic asthma and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases that contain similar sets of elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in addition to mast cells in the airway and arterial wall, such as macrophages, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence from experimental models and human studies points to a potential interaction between the 2 seemingly unrelated diseases. Patients or mice with allergic asthma have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis or vice versa, despite the fact that asthma is a T-helper (Th)2-oriented disease, whereas Th1 immunity promotes atherosclerosis. In addition to the preferred Th1/Th2 responses that may differentiate the 2 diseases, mast cells and many other inflammatory cells also contribute to their pathogenesis by more than just T cell immunity. Here, we summarize the different roles of airway and arterial wall inflammatory cells and vascular cells in asthma and atherosclerosis and propose an interaction between the 2 diseases, although limited investigations are available to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 1 disease increases the risk of the other. Results from mouse allergic asthma and atherosclerosis models and from human population studies lead to the hypothesis that patients with atherosclerosis may benefit from antiasthmatic medications or that the therapeutic regimens targeting atherosclerosis may also alleviate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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40
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Jones GT, Phillips LV, Williams MJA, van Rij AM, Kabir TD. Two C-C Family Chemokines, Eotaxin and RANTES, Are Novel Independent Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002993. [PMID: 27126477 PMCID: PMC4889176 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation of the aortic wall is recognised as a key pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was undertaken to determine whether inflammatory cytokines could be used as biomarkers for the presence of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue profiles of 27 inflammatory cytokine were examined in AAA (n=14) and nonaneurysmal (n=14) aortic tissues. Three cytokines, regulated upon activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1b), had increased expression in AAA, particularly within the adventitial layer of the aortic wall. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had reduced expression in all layers of the AAA wall. Examination of the circulating plasma profiles of AAA (n=442) and AAA-free controls (n=970) suggested a (risk factor adjusted) AAA-association with eotaxin, RANTES, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A plasma inflammatory cytokine score, calculated using these three markers, suggested a strong risk association with AAA (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.5-6.7; P<0.0001), independent of age, sex, history of ischemic heart disease, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to reports suggesting a distinct T helper 2-associated inflammatory profile in AAA, this current study suggests a more-generalized pattern of inflammation, albeit with some potentially distinct features, including elevated plasma eotaxin and decreased plasma RANTES. In combination with hsCRP, these markers may have potential utility as AAA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Andre M van Rij
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tasnuva D Kabir
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol 2016; 6:620. [PMID: 26779180 PMCID: PMC4701915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage and are present in connective tissues throughout the body. The activation and degranulation of mast cells significantly modulates many aspects of physiological and pathological conditions in various settings. With respect to normal physiological functions, mast cells are known to regulate vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and venom detoxification. On the other hand, mast cells have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including allergy, asthma, anaphylaxis, gastrointestinal disorders, many types of malignancies, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of mast cells in many pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Krystel-Whittemore
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Kottarappat N Dileepan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - John G Wood
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Vacca M, Di Eusanio M, Cariello M, Graziano G, D'Amore S, Petridis FD, D'orazio A, Salvatore L, Tamburro A, Folesani G, Rutigliano D, Pellegrini F, Sabbà C, Palasciano G, Di Bartolomeo R, Moschetta A. Integrative miRNA and whole-genome analyses of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:228-39. [PMID: 26645979 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an atypical fat depot surrounding the heart with a putative role in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We profiled genes and miRNAs in perivascular EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of metabolically healthy patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) vs. metabolic patients with CAD. Compared with SAT, a specific tuning of miRNAs and genes points to EAT as a tissue characterized by a metabolically active and pro-inflammatory profile. Then, we depicted both miRNA and gene signatures of EAT in CAD, featuring a down-regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, nuclear receptor transcriptional activity, and an up-regulation of those involved in antigen presentation, chemokine signalling, and inflammation. Finally, we identified miR-103-3p as candidate modulator of CCL13 in EAT, and a potential biomarker role for the chemokine CCL13 in CAD. CONCLUSION EAT in CAD is characterized by changes in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation with miR-103-3p/CCL13 pair as novel putative actors in EAT function and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy Ageing Research Center (CeSI), 'G. d'Annunzio' University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Eusanio
- Cardiovascular Department, 'S.Orsola Malpighi' Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy National Cancer Research Center IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy National Cancer Research Center IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Simona D'Amore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy National Cancer Research Center IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Folesani
- Cardiovascular Department, 'S.Orsola Malpighi' Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Bartolomeo
- Cardiovascular Department, 'S.Orsola Malpighi' Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy National Cancer Research Center IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Remm F, Franz WM, Brenner C. Gliptins and their target dipeptidyl peptidase 4: implications for the treatment of vascular disease. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2015; 2:185-93. [PMID: 27533760 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gliptins are accepted as a standard therapy for diabetes mellitus today. By inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), gliptins prolong the GLP1-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreatic β-cells and thus support physiological blood glucose control. Various studies have now raised hope for an additional protective effect of pharmacological DPP4 inhibition in vascular diseases. Besides GLP1, especially, the inhibition of SDF1 cleavage has been shown to depict a relevant mechanism to enhance endothelial regeneration and reduce atherosclerosis progression via the SDF1-CXCR4 axis. Furthermore, several clinical trials have now shown an excellent safety profile of gliptin therapy in cardiovascular risk patients. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview on DPP4-dependent vascular functions and pathophysiological mechanisms with a detailed discussion of the underlying molecular mechanisms. We further analyse the role of pharmacological DPP4 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic impact on endothelial function and regeneration besides their effect during atherosclerosis development. Finally, we discuss presently available data from in vitro and in vivo studies with respect to the results of the recent clinical trials in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Remm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang-Michael Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Engelbertsen D, Foks AC, Alberts-Grill N, Kuperwaser F, Chen T, Lederer JA, Jarolim P, Grabie N, Lichtman AH. Expansion of CD25+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Reduces Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2526-35. [PMID: 26494229 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly discovered subset of immune cells that promote tissue homeostasis and protect against pathogens. ILCs produce cytokines also produced by T lymphocytes that have been shown to affect atherosclerosis, but the influence of ILCs on atherosclerosis has not been explored. APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrate that CD25(+) ILCs that produce type 2 cytokines (ILC2s) are present in the aorta of atherosclerotic immunodeficient ldlr(-/-)rag1(-/-) mice. To investigate the role of ILCs in atherosclerosis, ldlr(-/-)rag1(-/-) mice were concurrently fed an atherogenic diet and treated with either ILC-depleting anti-CD90.2 antibodies or IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes that expand CD25(+) ILCs. Lesion development was not affected by anti-CD90.2 treatment, but was reduced in IL-2/anti-IL-2-treated mice. These IL-2-treated mice had reduced very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased triglycerides compared with controls and reduced apolipoprotein B100 gene expression in the liver. IL-2/anti-IL-2 treatment caused expansion of ILC2s in aorta and other tissues, elevated levels of IL-5, systemic eosinophila, and hepatic eosinophilic inflammation. Blockade of IL-5 reversed the IL-2 complex-induced eosinophilia but did not change lesion size. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that expansion of CD25-expressing ILCs by IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes leads to a reduction in very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Global depletion of ILCs by anti-CD90.2 did not significantly affect lesion size indicating that different ILC subsets may have divergent effects on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelbertsen
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda C Foks
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Noah Alberts-Grill
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Felicia Kuperwaser
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Chen
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James A Lederer
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Petr Jarolim
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nir Grabie
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- From the Departments of Pathology (D.E., A.C.F., N.A.-G., F.K., T.C., P.J., N.G., A.H.L.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Jeong JY, Son Y, Kim BY, Eo SK, Rhim BY, Kim K. Multiple Signaling Pathways Contribute to the Thrombin-induced Secretory Phenotype in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:549-55. [PMID: 26557022 PMCID: PMC4637358 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.6.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by determining signaling molecules involved in chemokine production. Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) with thrombin resulted not only in elevated transcription of the (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11) gene but also in enhanced secretion of CCL11 protein. Co-treatment of HAoSMCs with GF109230X, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, or GW5074, an inhibitor of Raf-1 kinase, caused inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and significantly attenuated expression of CCL11 at transcriptional and protein levels induced by thrombin. Both Akt phosphorylation and CCL11 expression induced by thrombin were attenuated in the presence of pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of Gi protein-coupled receptor, or LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, thrombin-induced production of CCL11 was significantly attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Akt or MEK which phosphorylates ERK1/2. These results indicate that thrombin is likely to promote expression of CCL11 via PKC/Raf-1/ERK1/2 and PTX-sensitive protease-activated receptors/PI3K/Akt pathways in HAoSMCs. We propose that multiple signaling pathways are involved in change of VSMCs to a secretory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Younghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Rhim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Atherosclerosis: a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by mast cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:380-6. [PMID: 26648785 PMCID: PMC4655391 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.54603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a process that plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and immune disease, involving multiple cell types, including macrophages, T-lymphocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and mast cells. The fundamental damage of atherosclerosis is the atheromatous or fibro-fatty plaque which is a lesion that causes several diseases. In atherosclerosis the innate immune response, which involves macrophages, is initiated by the arterial endothelial cells which respond to modified lipoproteins and lead to Th1 cell subset activation and generation of inflammatory cytokines and chemoattractant chemokines. Other immune cells, such as CD4+ T inflammatory cells, which play a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and regulatory T cells [Treg], which have a protective effect on the development of atherosclerosis are involved. Considerable evidence indicates that mast cells and their products play a key role in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Activated mast cells can have detrimental effects, provoking matrix degradation, apoptosis, and enhancement as well as recruitment of inflammatory cells, which actively contributes to atherosclerosis and plaque formation. Here we discuss the relationship between atherosclerosis, inflammation and mast cells.
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The Relation between eNOS -786 C/T, 4 a/b, MMP-13 rs640198 G/T, Eotaxin 426 C/T, -384 A/G, and 67 G/A Polymorphisms and Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:232048. [PMID: 26491210 PMCID: PMC4605266 DOI: 10.1155/2015/232048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between eotaxin 426 C/T, −384 A/G, 67 G/A, eNOS −786 T/C, 4 a/b, and MMP-13 rs640198 G/T and prognosis of patients with known CAD. Methods. From total of 1161 patients referred to coronary angiography, 532 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD were selected. Their long-term outcome was followed up using hospital database. Subsequent events were assessed in this study: death or combined endpoint-myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, revascularization, heart failure hospitalization, and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Results. The multivariate Cox regression model identified age, smoking, and 3-vessel disease as significant predictors of all-cause death. Further analysis showed that eotaxin 67 G/A (GA + AA versus GG) and eotaxin −384 A/G (GG versus GA + AA) were significant independent prognostic factors when added into the model: HR (95% CI) 2.81 (1.35–5.85), p = 0.006; HR (95% CI) 2.63 (1.19–5.83), p = 0.017; eotaxin −384 A/G was significantly associated with the event-free survival, but it did not provide the prognostic information above the effect of two- or three-vessel disease. Conclusion. The A allele in eotaxin 67 G/A polymorphism is associated with worse survival in CAD patients.
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Increased Eotaxin and MCP-1 Levels in Serum from Individuals with Periodontitis and in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134608. [PMID: 26241961 PMCID: PMC4524692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of tooth supporting tissues resulting in periodontal tissue destruction, which may ultimately lead to tooth loss. The disease is characterized by continuous leukocyte infiltration, likely mediated by local chemokine production but the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully elucidated. There are no reliable serologic biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis, which is today based solely on the degree of local tissue destruction, and there is no available biological treatment tool. Prompted by the increasing interest in periodontitis and systemic inflammatory mediators we mapped serum cytokine and chemokine levels from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) modeling and identified monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and eotaxin as clearly associated with periodontitis along with C-reactive protein (CRP), years of smoking and age, whereas the number of remaining teeth was associated with being healthy. Moreover, body mass index correlated significantly with serum MCP-1 and CRP, but not with eotaxin. We detected higher MCP-1 protein levels in inflamed gingival connective tissue compared to healthy but the eotaxin levels were undetectable. Primary human gingival fibroblasts displayed strongly increased expression of MCP-1 and eotaxin mRNA and protein when challenged with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), key mediators of periodontal inflammation. We also demonstrated that the upregulated chemokine expression was dependent on the NF-κΒ pathway. In summary, we identify higher levels of CRP, eotaxin and MCP-1 in serum of periodontitis patients. This, together with our finding that both CRP and MCP-1 correlates with BMI points towards an increased systemic inflammatory load in patients with periodontitis and high BMI. Targeting eotaxin and MCP-1 in periodontitis may result in reduced leukocyte infiltration and inflammation in periodontitis and maybe prevent tooth loss.
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Vascular diseases investigated ex vivo by using Raman, FT-IR and complementary methods. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:744-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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