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Dhyani N, Tian C, Gao L, Rudebush TL, Zucker IH. Nrf2-Keap1 in Cardiovascular Disease: Which Is the Cart and Which the Horse? Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38687468 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of oxidant stress in the form of reactive oxidant species are prevalent in the circulation and tissues in various types of cardiovascular disease including heart failure, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. Here we review the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important and widespread antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. We review studies showing that downregulation of Nrf2 exacerbates heart failure, hypertension, and autonomic function. Finally, we discuss the potential for using Nrf2 modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases and autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhyani
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Changhai Tian
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Tara L Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Sun Z, Liu K, Liang C, Wen L, Wu J, Liu X, Li X. Diosmetin as a promising natural therapeutic agent: In vivo, in vitro mechanisms, and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3660-3694. [PMID: 38748620 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Diosmetin, a natural occurring flavonoid, is primarily found in citrus fruits, beans, and other plants. Diosmetin demonstrates a variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, metabolic regulation, cardiovascular function improvement, estrogenic effects, and others. The process of literature search was done using PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials databases with search terms containing Diosmetin, content, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, in vivo, and in vitro. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies of Diosmetin over the last decade, focusing on studies related to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. It is found that DIO has significant therapeutic effects on skin and cardiovascular system diseases, and its research in pharmacokinetics and toxicology is summarized. It provides the latest information for researchers and points out the limitations of current research and areas that should be strengthened in future research, so as to facilitate the relevant scientific research and clinical application of DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuipeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jijiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Graton ME, Spaans F, He R, Chatterjee P, Kirschenman R, Quon A, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Davidge ST. Sex-specific differences in the mechanisms for enhanced thromboxane A 2-mediated vasoconstriction in adult offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38898532 PMCID: PMC11188502 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal hypoxia, a common pregnancy complication, leads to impaired cardiovascular outcomes in the adult offspring. It results in impaired vasodilation in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the adult offspring, due to reduced nitric oxide (NO). Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor increased in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in the impact of prenatal hypoxia is unknown. To prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease by prenatal hypoxia, we have tested a maternal treatment using a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxia enhances vascular TxA2 responses in the adult offspring, due to decreased NO modulation, and that this might be prevented by maternal nMitoQ treatment. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection (100 µL) of vehicle (saline) or nMitoQ (125 µmol/L) on gestational day (GD)15 and were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15 to GD21 (term = 22 days). Coronary and mesenteric arteries were isolated from the 4-month-old female and male offspring, and vasoconstriction responses to U46619 (TxA2 analog) were evaluated using wire myography. In mesenteric arteries, L-NAME (pan-NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor) was used to assess NO modulation. Mesenteric artery endothelial (e)NOS, and TxA2 receptor expression, superoxide, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Prenatal hypoxia resulted in increased U46619 responsiveness in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the female offspring, and to a lesser extent in the male offspring, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In females, there was a reduced impact of L-NAME in mesenteric arteries of the prenatal hypoxia saline-treated females, and reduced 3-nitrotyrosine levels. In males, L-NAME increased U46619 responses in mesenteric artery to a similar extent, but TxA2 receptor expression was increased by prenatal hypoxia. There were no changes in eNOS or superoxide levels. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal hypoxia increased TxA2 vasoconstrictor capacity in the adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, via reduced NO modulation in females and increased TP expression in males. Maternal placental antioxidant treatment prevented the impact of prenatal hypoxia. These findings increase our understanding of how complicated pregnancies can lead to a sex difference in the programming of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rose He
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulami Chatterjee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tom J Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Amadio P, Sandrini L, Zarà M, Barbieri SS, Ieraci A. NADPH-oxidases as potential pharmacological targets for thrombosis and depression comorbidity. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103060. [PMID: 38310682 PMCID: PMC10848036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a complex interrelationship between the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with mental disorders, and vice versa, are prevalent. Adults with mental disorders such as anxiety and depression have a higher risk of developing CVD, and people with CVD have an increased risk of being diagnosed with mental disorders. Oxidative stress is one of the many pathways associated with the pathophysiology of brain and cardiovascular disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is one of the major generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells, as it is the enzyme that specifically produces superoxide. This review summarizes recent findings on the consequences of NOX activation in thrombosis and depression. It also discusses the therapeutic effects and pharmacological strategies of NOX inhibitors in CVD and brain disorders. A better comprehension of these processes could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of the comorbidity of thrombosis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060, Novedrate (CO), Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Shaked I, Foo C, Mächler P, Liu R, Cui Y, Ji X, Broggini T, Kaminski T, Suryakant Jadhav S, Sundd P, Firer M, Devor A, Friedman B, Kleinfeld D. A lone spike in blood glucose can enhance the thrombo-inflammatory response in cortical venules. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:252-271. [PMID: 37737093 PMCID: PMC10993879 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
How transient hyperglycemia contributes to cerebro-vascular disease has been a challenge to study under controlled physiological conditions. We use amplified, ultrashort laser-pulses to physically disrupt brain-venule endothelium at targeted locations. This vessel disruption is performed in conjunction with transient hyperglycemia from a single injection of metabolically active D-glucose into healthy mice. The observed real-time responses to laser-induced disruption include rapid serum extravasation, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment. Thrombo-inflammation is pharmacologically ameliorated by a platelet inhibitor, by a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and by a nitric oxide donor. As a control, vessel thrombo-inflammation is significantly reduced in mice injected with metabolically inert L-glucose. Venules in mice with diabetes show a similar response to laser-induced disruption and damage is reduced by restoration of normo-glycemia. Our approach provides a controlled method to probe synergies between transient metabolic and physical vascular perturbations and can reveal new aspects of brain pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Conrad Foo
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kaminski
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Prithu Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Firer
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Pintye D, Sziva RE, Mastyugin M, Young BC, Jacas S, Török M, Salahuddin S, Jagtap P, Southan GJ, Zsengellér ZK. A Novel Dual-Function Redox Modulator Relieves Oxidative Stress and Anti-Angiogenic Response in Placental Villus Explant Exposed to Hypoxia-Relevance for Preeclampsia Therapy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1229. [PMID: 37759628 PMCID: PMC10525611 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe, life-threatening complication during pregnancy (~5-7%), and no causative treatment is available. Early aberrant spiral artery remodeling is associated with placental stress and the release of oxygen radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the placenta. This precedes the production of anti-angiogenic factors, which ultimately leads to endothelial and trophoblast damage and the key features of PE. We tested whether a novel dual-function redox modulator-AKT-1005-can effectively reduce placental oxidative stress and alleviate PE symptoms in vitro. METHOD Isolated human villous explants were exposed to hypoxia and assessed to determine whether improving cell-redox function with AKT-1005 diminished ROS production, mitochondrial stress, production of the transcription factor HIF1A, and downstream anti-angiogenic responses (i.e., sFLT1, sEng production). MitoTEMPO was used as a reference antioxidant. RESULTS In our villous explant assays, pretreatment with AKT-1005 reduced mitochondrial-derived ROS production, reduced HIF-1A, sFLT1, and sEng protein expression, while increasing VEGF in hypoxia-exposed villous trophoblast cells, with better efficiency than MitoTEMPO. In addition, AKT-1005 improved mitochondrial electron chain enzyme activity in the stressed explant culture. CONCLUSIONS The redox modulator AKT-1005 has the potential to intervene with oxidative stress and can be efficacious for PE therapy. Future studies are underway to assess the in vivo efficacy of HMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pintye
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Réka E. Sziva
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maxim Mastyugin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Brett C. Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.C.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonako Jacas
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Marianna Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Saira Salahuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.C.Y.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | - Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.)
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7
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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8
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Burrage EN, Coblentz T, Prabhu SS, Childers R, Bryner RW, Lewis SE, DeVallance E, Kelley EE, Chantler PD. Xanthine oxidase mediates chronic stress-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:905-920. [PMID: 36655326 PMCID: PMC10196752 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) mediates vascular function. Chronic stress impairs cerebrovascular function and increases the risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Our study determined the role of XO on stress-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. We measured middle cerebral artery (MCA) function, free radical formation, and working memory in 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice who underwent 8 weeks of control conditions or unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) with or without febuxostat (50 mg/L), a XO inhibitor. UCMS mice had an impaired MCA dilation to acetylcholine vs. controls (p < 0.0001), and increased total free radical formation, XOR protein levels, and hydrogen peroxide production in the liver compared to controls. UCMS increased hydrogen peroxide production in the brain and cerebrovasculature compared to controls. Working memory, using the y-maze test, was impaired (p < 0.05) in UCMS mice compared to control mice. However, blocking XO using febuxostat prevented the UCMS-induced impaired MCA response, while free radical production and hydrogen peroxide levels were similar to controls in the liver and brain of UCMS mice treated with febuxostat. Further, UCMS + Feb mice did not have a significant reduction in working memory. These data suggest that the cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with chronic stress may be driven by XO, which leads to a reduction in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Burrage
- Department of Neuroscience, West
Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tyler Coblentz
- Division of Exercise Physiology,
West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Saina S Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan Childers
- Division of Exercise Physiology,
West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Randy W Bryner
- Division of Exercise Physiology,
West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sarah E Lewis
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV,
USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV,
USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV,
USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Department of Neuroscience, West
Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology,
West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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9
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Abstract
Hypertension is associated with important alterations in the morphology of small arteries and arterioles. Vascular-specific manifestations are changes in the structure and function of vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, perivascular tissues, and endothelial cells. Arteriole and capillary remodeling and capillary rarefaction have been observed in hypertensive animals and human beings which contribute to increased vascular resistance. An impairment of different angiogenetic factors, such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinases-1), and TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1), seems to be responsible for the reduction of the microvascular network. Exercise training has been shown to improve vascular structure and function in hypertension not only in the large arteries but also in the peripheral circulation. Exercise training may regress microvascular remodeling and normalize capillary density, leading to capillary growth possibly by increasing proangiogenic stimuli such as VEGF. Exercise enhances endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation through nitric oxide release increase and oxidative stress reduction. Other mechanisms include improved balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane levels, lower circulating levels of endothelin-1, attenuation of infiltration of immune cells into perivascular adipose tissue, and increase of local adiponectin secretion. In addition, exercise training favorably modulates the expression of several microRNAs leading to a positive modification in muscle fiber composition. Identifying the bioactive molecules and biological mechanisms that mediate exercise benefits through pathways that differ from those used by antihypertensive drugs may help to improve our knowledge of hypertension pathophysiology and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.D.C., D.R.)
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.D.C., D.R.).,Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy (D.R.)
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (P.P.)
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10
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Feenstra L, Kutikhin AG, Shishkova DK, Buikema H, Zeper LW, Bourgonje AR, Krenning G, Hillebrands JL. Calciprotein Particles Induce Endothelial Dysfunction by Impairing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:443-455. [PMID: 36727521 PMCID: PMC9944758 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are associated with the development of vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease. The role of endothelial cells (ECs) in this process is unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of CPPs and ECs, thereby focusing on endothelial nitric oxide metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS CPPs were generated in calcium- and phosphate-enriched medium. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of CPPs (0-100 µg/mL) for 24 or 72 hours. Ex vivo porcine coronary artery rings were used to measure endothelial cell-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation after CPP exposure. Serum samples from an early chronic kidney disease cohort (n=245) were analyzed for calcification propensity (measure for CPP formation) and nitrate and nitrite levels (NOx). RESULTS CPP exposure for 24 hours reduced eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mRNA expression and decreased nitrite production, indicating reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Also, 24-hour CPP exposure caused increased mitochondria-derived superoxide generation, together with nitrotyrosine protein residue formation. Long-term (72 hours) exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to CPPs induced eNOS uncoupling and decreased eNOS protein expression, indicating further impairment of the nitric oxide pathway. The ex vivo porcine coronary artery model showed a significant reduction in endothelial-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation after CPP exposure. A negative association was observed between NOx levels and calcification propensity (r=-0.136; P=0.049) in sera of (early) chronic kidney disease patients. CONCLUSIONS CPPs cause endothelial cell dysfunction by impairing nitric oxide metabolism and generating oxidative stress. Our findings provide new evidence for direct effects of CPPs on ECs and pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., D.K.S.)
| | - Daria K. Shishkova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., D.K.S.)
| | - Hendrik Buikema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (H.B., G.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara W. Zeper
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.W.Z.)
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (A.R.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (H.B., G.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Huang J, Lin F, Hu Y, Bloe CB, Wang D, Zhang W. From Initiation to Maintenance: HIV-1 Gp120-induced Neuropathic Pain Exhibits Different Molecular Mechanisms in the Mouse Spinal Cord Via Bioinformatics Analysis Based on RNA Sequencing. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:553-575. [PMID: 35059976 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), remains one of the most diverse crucial health and development challenges around the world. People infected with HIV constitute a large patient population, and a significant number of them experience neuropathic pain. To study the key mechanisms that mediate HIV-induced neuropathic pain (HNP), we established an HNP mouse model via intrathecal injection of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. The L3~L5 spinal cord was isolated on postoperative days 1/12 (POD1/12), 1 (POD1), and 14 (POD14) for RNA sequencing to investigate the gene expression profiles of the initiation, transition, and maintenance stages of HNP. A total of 1682, 430, and 413 differentially expressed genes were obtained in POD1/12, POD1, and POD14, respectively, and their similarity was low. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that POD1/12, POD1, and POD14 exhibited different biological processes and signaling pathways. Inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation-related signaling pathways were enriched on POD1/12. Inflammation, chemokine activity, and downstream signaling regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as the MTOR signaling pathway, were enriched on POD1, while downregulation of ion channel activity, mitochondrial damage, endocytosis, MAPK and neurotrophic signaling pathways developed on POD14. Additionally, we screened key genes and candidate genes, which were verified at the transcriptional and translational levels. Our results suggest that the initiation and maintenance of HNP are regulated by different molecular mechanisms. Therefore, our research may yield a fresh and deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying HNP, providing accurate molecular targets for HNP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chris Bloe Bloe
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. Utility of NO and H 2S donating platforms in managing COVID-19: Rationale and promise. Nitric Oxide 2022; 128:72-102. [PMID: 36029975 PMCID: PMC9398942 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are a continuing global burden on the human population, underscored by the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current treatment options and supportive therapies for many viral infections are relatively limited, indicating a need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Virus-induced damage occurs through direct infection of host cells and inflammation-related changes. Severe cases of certain viral infections, including COVID-19, can lead to a hyperinflammatory response termed cytokine storm, resulting in extensive endothelial damage, thrombosis, respiratory failure, and death. Therapies targeting these complications are crucial in addition to antiviral therapies. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are two endogenous gasotransmitters that have emerged as key signaling molecules with a broad range of antiviral actions in addition to having anti-inflammatory properties and protective functions in the vasculature and respiratory system. The enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide levels thus holds promise for managing both early-stage and later-stage viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a model for similar viral infections, here we explore the current evidence regarding nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide's use to limit viral infection, resolve inflammation, and reduce vascular and pulmonary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, 10091, USA.
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13
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The Credible Role of Curcumin in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mammals. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101405. [PMID: 36291614 PMCID: PMC9599178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or lack of adequate antioxidant defenses causes DNA mutations in mitochondria, damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and alters membrane permeability and mitochondrial defense mechanisms. All these alterations are linked to the development of numerous diseases. Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric plant rhizomes, exhibits numerous biological activities (i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial). In recent years, many researchers have shown evidence that curcumin has the ability to reduce the oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s antioxidant mechanism and significance in oxidative stress reduction and suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction in mammals. We also discuss the research gaps and give our opinion on how curcumin research in mammals should proceed moving forward.
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Abdul Hamid Z, Mohamad Anuar NN, Jalil J, Mohd Nor NA, Budin SB. The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158582. [PMID: 35955714 PMCID: PMC9369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways. In fact, persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic conditions contribute to preserved PKC activation mediated by excessive production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oxidative stress. PKC-MAPK pathways are involved in several cellular responses, including enhancing oxidative stress and activating signalling pathways that lead to uncontrolled cardiac and vascular remodelling and their subsequent dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent discovery on the role of PKC-MAPK pathways, the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications, and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular management in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.Z.); (N.N.M.A.)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Center for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.); (N.A.M.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.J.); (S.B.B.); Tel.: +603-9289-7645 (S.S.B.)
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15
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Koju N, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1889-1904. [PMID: 35017669 PMCID: PMC9343382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain biosynthesis and distribution of compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. It is essential but challenging to distinguish how cells sustain redox couple pools to perform their integral functions and escape redox stress. However, it is still obscure whether NADPH is detrimental or beneficial as either deficiency or excess in cellular NADPH levels disturbs cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis leading to redox stress, energy stress, and eventually, to the disease state. Additional study of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of NADPH generation in different compartments, and the means by which NADPH plays a role in various diseases, will provide innovative insights into its roles in human health and may find a value of NADPH for the treatment of certain diseases including aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Koju
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Semenikhina M, Stefanenko M, Spires DR, Ilatovskaya DV, Palygin O. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Signaling in Podocyte Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060745. [PMID: 35740870 PMCID: PMC9221338 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney. NO plays a complex role in glomerular ultrafiltration, vasodilation, and inflammation. Changes in NO bioavailability in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension or diabetes may lead to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and rapid development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the extensive data highlighting essential functions of NO in health and pathology, related signaling in glomerular cells, particularly podocytes, is understudied. Several reports indicate that NO bioavailability in glomerular cells is decreased during the development of renal pathology, while restoring NO level can be beneficial for glomerular function. At the same time, the compromised activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may provoke the formation of peroxynitrite and has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is known that the changes in the distribution of NO sources due to shifts in NOS subunits expression or modifications of NADPH oxidases activity may be linked to or promote the development of pathology. However, there is a lack of information about the detailed mechanisms describing the production and release of NO in the glomerular cells. The interaction of NO and other reactive oxygen species in podocytes and how NO-calcium crosstalk regulates glomerular cells’ function is still largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent reports describing signaling, synthesis, and known pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by the changes in NO homeostasis in the podocyte. The understanding and further investigation of these essential mechanisms in glomerular cells will facilitate the design of novel strategies to prevent or manage health conditions that cause glomerular and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Maneesai P, Chaihongsa N, Iampanichakul M, Meephat S, Prasatthong P, Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Pakdeechote P. Clitoria ternatea (Linn.) flower extract attenuates vascular dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy via modulation of Ang II/AT 1 R/TGF-β1 cascade in hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2253-2261. [PMID: 34622460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clitoria ternatea (CT) (the Fabaceae family) has been reported to elicit several biological responses, such as anti-inflammation and anti-depression effects. This study evaluated the effect of CT flower extract on blood pressure, vascular function, and left ventricular hypertrophy in a two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) rat model. Hypertensive rats were treated with CT extract at various doses (100, 300, or 500 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or losartan (10 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). RESULTS CT extract reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, and CT extract at a dose of 300 mg kg-1 was an effective concentration (P < 0.05). Augmentation of contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and impairment of vascular responses to acetylcholine in mesenteric vascular beds and aortic rings of 2K-1C rats were suppressed by treatment with CT extract or losartan (P < 0.05). Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and plasma angiotensin II concentration were high in 2K-1C rats but alleviated by CT extract or losartan treatment (P < 0.05). Increases in superoxide production and lipid peroxidation were attenuated in 2K-1C rats treated with CT extract or losartan compared with the untreated group (P < 0.05). Increased plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites was found in hypertensive rats that received CT extract or losartan. CT extract or losartan suppressed the overexpression of Ang II receptor subtype I (AT1 -R) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in 2K-1C rats. CONCLUSION CT extract had antihypertensive effects that were associated with improving vascular function and cardiac hypertrophy in 2K-1C rats. The mechanisms involved suppression of the renin-angiotensin system, of oxidative stress, and of the AT1 R/TGF-β1 cascade. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metee Iampanichakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patoomporn Prasatthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Wunpathe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Müller N, Warwick T, Noack K, Malacarne PF, Cooper AJL, Weissmann N, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Reactive Oxygen Species Differentially Modulate the Metabolic and Transcriptomic Response of Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020434. [PMID: 35204316 PMCID: PMC8869421 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. The effects of ROS on cellular processes depend on the concentration, localization, and duration of exposure. Cellular stress response mechanisms have evolved to mitigate the negative effects of acute oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate the short-term and long-term metabolic and transcriptomic response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to different types and concentrations of ROS. To generate intracellular H2O2, we utilized a lentiviral chemogenetic approach for overexpression of human D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). DAO converts D-amino acids into their corresponding imino acids and H2O2. HUVEC stably overexpressing DAO (DAO-HUVEC) were exposed to D-alanine (3 mM), exogenous H2O2 (10 µM or 300 µM), or menadione (5 µM) for various timepoints and subjected to global untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) and RNAseq by MACE (Massive analysis of cDNA ends). A total of 300 µM H2O2 led to pronounced changes on both the metabolic and transcriptomic level. In particular, metabolites linked to redox homeostasis, energy-generating pathways, and nucleotide metabolism were significantly altered. Furthermore, 300 µM H2O2 affected genes related to the p53 pathway and cell cycle. In comparison, the effects of menadione and DAO-derived H2O2 mainly occurred at gene expression level. Collectively, all types of ROS led to subtle changes in the expression of ribosomal genes. Our results show that different types and concentration of ROS lead to a different metabolic and transcriptomic response in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kurt Noack
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arthur J. L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (N.M.); (T.W.); (K.N.); (P.F.M.); (K.S.); (R.P.B.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-85321; Fax: +49-69-6301-7668
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Anwar F, Saleem U, rehman AU, Ahmad B, Ismail T, Mirza MU, Ahmad S. Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:810704. [PMID: 35126145 PMCID: PMC8811508 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced new approaches to report toxicity studies. The NRC vision is to explore the toxicity pathways leading to the adverse effects in intact organisms by the exposure of the chemicals. This study examines the toxicity profiling of the naphthalene-2-yl 2-chloro-5-dinitrobenzoate (SF5) by adopting the vision of NRC that moves from traditional animal studies to the cellular pathways. Acute, subacute, and developmental toxicity studies were assayed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The stress response pathway, toxicity pathway, and adverse effects outcome parameters were analyzed by using their standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity study increases the liver enzyme levels. In a subacute toxicity study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised in both male and female animals. SF5 significantly increases the normal sperm count in the male animals corresponding to a decrease in the abnormality count. Developmental toxicity showed the normal skeletal and morphological parameters, except little hydrocephalus was observed in developmental toxicity. Doses of 20 mg/kg in males and 4 mg/kg in females showed decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney and liver. MDA levels were also increased in the kidney and liver. However, histopathological studies did not show any cellular change in these organs. No statistical difference was observed in histamine levels, testosterone, nuclear factor erythroid two-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which showed no initiation of the stress response, toxicity, and adverse effect pathways. Immunomodulation was observed at low doses in subacute toxicity studies. It was concluded that SF5 did not produce abrupt and high-toxicity levels in organs and biochemical parameters. So, it is safe for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta ur rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology—Abbottabad Campus, Abottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Meephat S, Prasatthong P, Potue P, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Maneesai P. Diosmetin Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling by Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and p-JNK/p-NF-κB Expression in Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091487. [PMID: 34573119 PMCID: PMC8469706 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin is a citrus flavonoid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the effect of diosmetin on blood pressure and vascular alterations and its underlying mechanisms in experimentally hypertensive rats. Male Sprague rats were administered Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester L-NAME for five weeks and were given diosmetin at doses of 20 or 40 mg/kg or captopril (5 mg/kg) for two weeks. Diosmetin alleviated hypertension, improved endothelial dysfunction, and suppressed the overactivity of sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction in aorta and mesentery hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). Increases in plasma and aortic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carotid superoxide generations and reductions of plasma superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide in hypertensive rats were ameliorated by diosmetin (p < 0.05). Diosmetin increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, diosmetin mitigated hypertrophy and collagen accumulation of the aortic wall in L-NAME rats. It exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6) accumulation and by overexpressing the phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) and the phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (p-NF-κB) proteins in the aorta (p < 0.05). Captopril was a positive control substance and had similar effects to diosmetin. In summary, diosmetin reduced blood pressure and alleviated vascular abnormalities in L-NAME-treated rats. These effects might be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as to the modulation of the expression of the Nrf2/HO1 and p-JNK/NF-κB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Patoomporn Prasatthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43348394
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21
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McSweeney KR, Gadanec LK, Qaradakhi T, Ali BA, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V. Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Pathological Mechanisms, Pharmacological Interventions, and Genetic Mitigations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1572. [PMID: 33805488 PMCID: PMC8036620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin leads to acute kidney injury (AKI). Cisplatin-induced AKI (CIAKI) has a complex pathophysiological map, which has been linked to cellular uptake and efflux, apoptosis, vascular injury, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Despite research efforts, pharmaceutical interventions, and clinical trials spanning over several decades, a consistent and stable pharmacological treatment option to reduce AKI in patients receiving cisplatin remains unavailable. This has been predominately linked to the incomplete understanding of CIAKI pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms involved. Herein, we detail the extensively known pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity that manifests and the variety of pharmacological and genetic alteration studies that target them.
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22
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Shaw RL, Norton CE, Segal SS. Apoptosis in resistance arteries induced by hydrogen peroxide: greater resilience of endothelium versus smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1625-H1633. [PMID: 33606587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00956.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cardiovascular and neurologic disorders including atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Although oxidative stress can lead to apoptosis of vascular cells, such findings are largely based upon isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) studied in culture. Studying intact resistance arteries, we have focused on understanding how SMCs and ECs in the blood vessel wall respond to acute oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, a ubiquitous, membrane-permeant ROS. We find that apoptosis induced by H2O2 is far greater in SMCs compared to ECs. For both cell types, apoptosis is associated with a rise in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during H2O2 exposure. Consistent with their greater death, the rise in [Ca2+]i for SMCs exceeds that in ECs. Finding that disruption of the endothelium increases SMC death, we address how myoendothelial coupling and paracrine signaling attenuate apoptosis. Remarkably, conditions associated with chronic oxidative stress (advanced age, Western-style diet) protect SMCs during H2O2 exposure, as does female sex. In light of intracellular Ca2+ handling, we consider how glycolytic versus oxidative pathways for ATP production and changes in mitochondrial structure and function impact cellular resilience to H2O2-induced apoptosis. Gaining new insight into protective signaling within and between SMCs and ECs of the arterial wall can be applied to promote vascular cell survival (and recovery of blood flow) in tissues subjected to acute oxidative stress as occurs during reperfusion following myocardial infarction and thrombotic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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23
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Salem SY, Mohammed HM, Mohammed NA, Hetta HF. The role of vimentin, Connexin-43 proteins, and oxidative stress in the protective effect of propranolol against clozapine-induced myocarditis and apoptosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173645. [PMID: 33098837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) represents an effective treatment for resistant schizophrenia. However, myocarditis, recently reported in about 66% of the psychiatric patients treated with CLZ, has raised concerns about its safety. β-blocking agents have shown to be helpful in the management of myocarditis. Moreover, Vimentin (VIM) and Connexin-43 (CX43) are important structural proteins play key roles in cytoskeletal functions and cellular communication and have complex implications in pathophysiology. The present work aimed to study the mechanisms behind the protective effect of propranolol (PRO) against CLZ-induced myocarditis and the possible involvement of VIM and CX43. The effect of PRO (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral) on the myocarditis induced by CLZ (25 mg/kg/d, i. p.) treatment for 21 days in rats, was assessed biochemically, and immunohistochemically. CLZ treatment increased the serum levels of cardiac injury (CK-MP, LDH and cTn-I) and cardiac levels of oxidative stress (TBARS and NO) markers, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and mRNA expression of VIM and CX43 with decreased the antioxidant defenses (GSH and GSH-Px). Immunohistochemical study showed increased cardiac expression of VIM, CX43 and caspase-3 proteins. Coadministration of PRO with CLZ, dose-dependently decreased the biochemical and immunohistochemical hallmarks of CLZ-induced myocardial injury and significantly decreased mRNA expression of VIM and CX43. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effects of PRO on CLZ-induced myocarditis are related in addition to its β-blocking activity to protection of myocardial VIM and CX43 proteins through antagonizing the CLZ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and preventing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Safaa Yousef Salem
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala Mostafa Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Bonifácio KL, Barbosa DS, Moreira EG, Coneglian CF, Vargas HO, Nunes SOV, Moraes JB, Maes M. Increased nitro-oxidative stress toxicity as a major determinant of increased blood pressure in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:226-238. [PMID: 32971315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, atherogenicity and insulin resistance are major risk factors of cardiovascular disorder (CVD), which shows a strong comorbidity with major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Activated oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), inflammatory pathways, and increased atherogenicity are shared pathways underpinning CVD and mood disorders. METHODS The current study examined the effects of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in 96 mood disordered patients and 60 healthy controls. RESULTS A large part of the variance in SBP (31.6%) was explained by the regression on a z unit-weighted composite score (based on LOOH, AOPP, SOD, NOx) reflecting nitro-oxidative stress toxicity (NOSTOX), coupled with highly sensitive C-reactive protein, body weight and use of antihypertensives. Increased DBP was best predicted (23.8%) by body mass index and NOSTOX. The most important O&NS biomarkers predicting an increased SBP were in descending order of significance: LOOH, AOPP and SOD. Higher levels of the atherogenic index of plasma, HOMA2 insulin resistance index and basal thyroid-stimulating hormone also contributed to increased SBP independently from NOSTOX. Although there were no significant changes in SBP/DBP in mood disorders, the associations between NOSTOX and blood pressure were significant in patients with mood disorders but not in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Activated O&NS pathways including increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, which indicates hypochlorous stress, are the most important predictors of an increased BP, especially in patients with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Landucci Bonifácio
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Laboratory of Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Carine Farias Coneglian
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Laboratory of Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Brum Moraes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Sidarala V, Pearson GL, Parekh VS, Thompson B, Christen L, Gingerich MA, Zhu J, Stromer T, Ren J, Reck EC, Chai B, Corbett JA, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Satin LS, Soleimanpour SA. Mitophagy protects β cells from inflammatory damage in diabetes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141138. [PMID: 33232298 PMCID: PMC7819751 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory damage contributes to β cell failure in type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D, respectively). Mitochondria are damaged by inflammatory signaling in β cells, resulting in impaired bioenergetics and initiation of proapoptotic machinery. Hence, the identification of protective responses to inflammation could lead to new therapeutic targets. Here, we report that mitophagy serves as a protective response to inflammatory stress in both human and rodent β cells. Utilizing in vivo mitophagy reporters, we observed that diabetogenic proinflammatory cytokines induced mitophagy in response to nitrosative/oxidative mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy-deficient β cells were sensitized to inflammatory stress, leading to the accumulation of fragmented dysfunctional mitochondria, increased β cell death, and hyperglycemia. Overexpression of CLEC16A, a T1D gene and mitophagy regulator whose expression in islets is protective against T1D, ameliorated cytokine-induced human β cell apoptosis. Thus, mitophagy promotes β cell survival and prevents diabetes by countering inflammatory injury. Targeting this pathway has the potential to prevent β cell failure in diabetes and may be beneficial in other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sidarala
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Gemma L Pearson
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Vishal S Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa Christen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgan A Gingerich
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Program in Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Tracy Stromer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma C Reck
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Biaoxin Chai
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Leslie S Satin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, and.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Poasakate A, Maneesai P, Chiangsaen P, Bunbupha S, Settheetham-Ishida W, Pakdeechote P. Cratoxylum formosum dyer extract alleviates testicular damage in hypertensive rats. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13917. [PMID: 33244785 DOI: 10.1111/and.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer ssp. (CF) extract on testicular damage were assessed in hypertensive rats. Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 40 mg kg-1 day-1 ) was administered for 5 weeks to induce hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and treated with CF extract (100, 300 or 500 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or sildenafil (5 mg kg-1 day-1 ) during the final 2 weeks (n = 8/group). Biochemical components of the CF extract were identified and mainly contained phenolic compounds. The CF extract significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and alleviated impaired sperm quality and seminiferous tubular morphology in hypertensive rats. CF extract restored reduced serum testosterone and protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in L-NAME rats. Hypertensive rats presented decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased testicular and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide production, all of which were normalised by CF extract. Furthermore, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in testicular tissue and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were restored in hypertensive rats administered CF extract. Conclusion: CF extract alleviated testicular damage in hypertensive rats. Potential molecular mechanisms may involve suppression of oxidative stress and restoration of StAR, Nrf2, HO-1 and eNOS expression in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Petcharat Chiangsaen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Oh NS, Lee JY, Kim YT, Kim SH, Lee JH. Cancer-protective effect of a synbiotic combination between Lactobacillus gasseri 505 and a Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1785803. [PMID: 32663105 PMCID: PMC7524312 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1785803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a synbiotic combination of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (LG) and a new prebiotic, Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) in fermented milk, designated FCT, showed an in vitro immunomodulatory effect and antioxidant activity. Although synbiotic combination might have cancer-protective effects, these activities have not been fully validated in vivo. Ten-week treatment of LG, CT, or FCT to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model reduced both the incidence of colonic tumors and damage to the colonic mucosa effectively, suggesting a cancer-protective effect. To understand these, biomarkers associated with inflammation, colon barrier, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation were monitored in AOM/DSS group versus LG/CT/FCT groups. A synbiotic combination (FCT) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammation-associated enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, colon barrier experiment revealed that biomarkers of mucus layer (MUC-2 and TFF3) and tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) were up-regulated. Subsequent apoptosis experiment showed that pro-apoptotic factors (p53, p21, and Bax) were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were down-regulated. Furthermore, comparative metagenome analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Staphylococcus decreased but Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia increased, supporting their protective effects, accompanied by increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Taken together, the FCT administration showed cancer-protective effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Consequently, the synbiotic combination (FCT) could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea,Sae Hun Kim 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea,CONTACT Ju-Hoon Lee 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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28
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Pirouzeh R, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Morvaridzadeh M, Izadi A, Yosaee S, Potter E, Heshmati J, Pizarro AB, Omidi A, Heshmati S. Effect of DASH diet on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2131-2138. [PMID: 33395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.16; I2 = 42.1%), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.03; I2 = 42.1%). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -1.40; 95% CI: -0.12, 1.93; I2 = 92.6%) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95% CI: -0.10, 1.99; I2 = 87.6%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet's effects on OS parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Pirouzeh
- Department of Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somaye Yosaee
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
| | - Eric Potter
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhosein Omidi
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shilan Heshmati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Pakdeechote P, Meephat S, Sakonsinsiri C, Phetcharaburanin J, Bunbupha S, Maneesai P. Syzygium gratum Extract Alleviates Vascular Alterations in Hypertensive Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56100509. [PMID: 33007813 PMCID: PMC7600592 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Syzygium gratum (SG) is a local vegetable and widely consumed in Thailand. Previously, a strong antioxidative effect of SG extract has been reported. The effects of SG extract on hypertension have remained unknown. The effect of SG aqueous extract on blood pressure and vascular changes were examined in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (LHR), and its potential active constituents were also explored. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to control, L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day), L-NAME + SG (100, 300, 500 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) groups. The components of SG extract were analyzed. Results: The analysis of aqueous SG extract was carried out using HPLC-Mass spectroscopy, and phenolic compounds could be identified as predominant components which might be responsible for its antihypertensive effects observed in the LHR model (p < 0.05). Additionally, SG extract also improved vascular responses to acetylcholine and decreased vascular remodeling in LHR (p < 0.05). Enhancements of eNOS expression and plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels, and attenuation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were observed in the LHR group treated with SG. Moreover, SG exhibited strong antioxidant activities by reducing vascular superoxide generation and systemic malondialdehyde in LHRs. Captopril suppressed high blood pressure and alleviated vascular changes and ACE activity in LHRs, similar to those of the SG extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SG extract exhibited antihypertensive effects, which is relevant to alleviation of vascular dysfunction and vascular remodeling of LHRs. These effects might be mediated by phenolic compounds to inhibit ACE activity and scavenge reactive oxygen species in LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.P.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43348394
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Role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3170-3180. [PMID: 31648337 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic red blood cell disorder affecting millions worldwide. SCD causes vascular occlusions, chronic hemolytic anemia, and cumulative organ damage such as nephropathy, pulmonary hypertension, pathologic heart remodeling, and liver necrosis. Coagulation system activation, a conspicuous feature of SCD that causes chronic inflammation, is an important component of SCD pathophysiology. The key coagulation factor, thrombin (factor IIa [FIIa]), is both a central protease in hemostasis and thrombosis and a key modifier of inflammation. Pharmacologic or genetic reduction of circulating prothrombin in Berkeley sickle mice significantly improves survival, ameliorates vascular inflammation, and results in markedly reduced end-organ damage. Accordingly, factors both upstream and downstream of thrombin, such as the tissue factor-FX complex, fibrinogen, platelets, von Willebrand factor, FXII, high-molecular-weight kininogen, etc, also play important roles in SCD pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of coagulation system activation and their roles in the pathophysiology of SCD.
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Marañón RO, Joo Turoni CM, Peral de Bruno M. Disparate Effect of Antioxidant Supplements on the Basal Tone and Vascular Remodeling of the Aorta in Hypertensive Rats. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:261-275. [PMID: 32554967 DOI: 10.1159/000507368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the vascular tone in hypertension; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. AIM This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of tempol and vitamin C (Vit-C) on the basal tone and vascular remodeling of the aorta in nitric oxide (NO) deficiency-induced hypertensive rats. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to hypertension by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals were randomized as follows: vehicle (Control: CR), CR-tempol, CR-Vit-C, L-NAME, L-NAME-tempol, and L-NAME-Vit-C. After 6 weeks of treatment, the basal aortic tone was evaluated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and calcium-free medium. Endothelial function, NO, reduced-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, resting membrane potential (mP), and vascular remodeling were also measured. RESULTS L-NAME rats showed an increased basal tone that was blunted by both SNP (-547 ± 69; n = 7 vs. CR: -7.5 ± 6.7 mg; n = 7; p < 0.001) and calcium-free medium. Tempol or Vit-C did not reverse hypertension, and the high basal tone was decreased only with tempol. In L-NAME rats, only tempol partially improved endothelial function, GSH-to-GSSG ratio, mP values, and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Tempol decreased calcium-dependent basal aortic tone and improved vascular homeostasis in L-NAME rats. Vit-C did not lead to a similar effect, suggesting that alterations in the superoxide dismutase pathway may play a role in the basal aortic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo O Marañón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudio M Joo Turoni
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Peral de Bruno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina,
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Terashvili MN, Kozak KN, Gebremedhin D, Allen LA, Gifford AL, Allen KP, Thulin JD, Lombard JH. Effect of Nearby Construction Activity on Endothelial Function, Sensitivity to Nitric Oxide, and Potassium Channel Activity in the Middle Cerebral Arteries of Rats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59. [PMID: 32404236 PMCID: PMC7338871 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of nearby construction activity on the responses of rat middle cerebral arteries (MCA)to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the activity of MaxiK potassium channels in MCA smooth muscle cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two monitoring systems were used to assess vibrations in the animal rooms during and immediately after construction activities near the research building where the animal facility is located. One was a commercially available system; the other was a Raspberry-Pi (RPi)-based vibration monitoring system designed in our laboratory that included a small computing unit attached to a rolling sensor (low sensitivity) and a piezoelectric film sensor (high sensitivity). Both systems recorded increased levels of vibration during construction activity outside the building. During the construction period, vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and SNP were abolished, and MaxiK single-channel current opening frequency and open-state probability in cell-attached patches of isolated MCA myocytes were dramatically decreased. Recovery of acetylcholine- and SNP-induced dilation was minimal in MCA from rats studied after completion of construction but housed in the animal facility during construction, whereas responses to acetylcholine and SNP were intact in rats purchased, housed, and studied after construction. Baseline levels of vibration returned after the completion of construction, concomitant with the recovery of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine and of NO sensitivity assessed by using SNP in MCA from animals obtained after construction. The results of this study indicate that the vibration associated with nearby construction can have highly disruptive effects on crucial physiologic phenotypes.
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A Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Essential Hypertension-Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093348. [PMID: 32397357 PMCID: PMC7247551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the innate and adaptive immune system, together with low-grade inflammation, may play an important role in essential hypertension. In this work, to verify the importance of selected factors for the development of essential hypertension, we created a Petri net-based model and analyzed it. The analysis was based mainly on t-invariants, knockouts of selected fragments of the net and its simulations. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin (RAA) system revealed that the most significant effect on the emergence of essential hypertension has RAA activation. This blockade affects: (1) the formation of angiotensin II, (2) inflammatory process (by influencing C-reactive protein (CRP)), (3) the initiation of blood coagulation, (4) bradykinin generation via the kallikrein-kinin system, (5) activation of lymphocytes in hypertension, (6) the participation of TNF alpha in the activation of the acute phase response, and (7) activation of NADPH oxidase-a key enzyme of oxidative stress. On the other hand, we found that the blockade of the activation of the RAA system may not eliminate hypertension that can occur due to disturbances associated with the osmotically independent binding of Na in the interstitium. Moreover, we revealed that inflammation alone is not enough to trigger primary hypertension, but it can coexist with it. We believe that our research may contribute to a better understanding of the pathology of hypertension. It can help identify potential subprocesses, which blocking will allow better control of essential hypertension.
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Tran V, De Silva TM, Sobey CG, Lim K, Drummond GR, Vinh A, Jelinic M. The Vascular Consequences of Metabolic Syndrome: Rodent Models, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Current Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32194403 PMCID: PMC7064630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, and affects over one billion people. Independently, the components of metabolic syndrome each have the potential to affect the endothelium to cause vascular dysfunction and disrupt vascular homeostasis. Rodent models of metabolic syndrome have significantly advanced our understanding of this multifactorial condition. In this mini-review we compare the currently available rodent models of metabolic syndrome and consider their limitations. We also discuss the numerous mechanisms by which metabolic abnormalities cause endothelial dysfunction and highlight some common pathophysiologies including reduced nitric oxide production, increased reactive oxygen species and increased production of vasoconstrictors. Additionally, we explore some of the current therapeutics for the comorbidities of metabolic syndrome and consider how these benefit the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tran
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Adejare A, Oloyo A, Anigbogu C, Jaja S. l-arginine Supplementation Increased Only Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Salt Diet by Enhancing Abdominal Aorta Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2020; 14:1179546820902843. [PMID: 32063725 PMCID: PMC6990607 DOI: 10.1177/1179546820902843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal vascular reactivity and reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are hallmark of salt-induced hypertension in rats. Although l-arginine is an established vasodilator, the mechanism by which it modulates vascular reactivity in salt-induced hypertension is not clearly understood. Objectives This study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which oral l-arginine supplementation modulates vascular reactivity and eNOS gene expression in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-salt diet. Methods Forty-eight weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats of weight range 90 to 110 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 rats per group. Group I was fed normal rat chow ad libitum and served as the Normal Diet group. Group II was fed a diet that contained 8% NaCl. Groups III and IV took normal and high-salt diet, respectively, and then received oral l-arginine supplementation (100 mg/kg/day), while groups V and VI took normal and high-salt diet, respectively, and then were co-administered with both l-arginine and l-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively) orally. At the end of 12-week experimental period, the animals were sacrificed to assess vascular reactivity and gene expression level. Results Our results show that high-salt diet significantly reduced (P < .05) endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine and qualitatively reduced eNOS gene expression in the abdominal aorta of the rats. However, l-arginine supplementation improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and nitric oxide level while ameliorating the reduced eNOS gene expressions. Conclusion This study suggests that oral supplementation of l-arginine enhances endothelial-dependent relaxation in rats fed a high-salt diet by ameliorating eNOS gene expression in the abdominal aorta of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Adejare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Oloyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chikodi Anigbogu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Smith Jaja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Gerber L, Clow KA, Katan T, Emam M, Leeuwis RHJ, Parrish CC, Gamperl AK. Cardiac mitochondrial function, nitric oxide sensitivity and lipid composition following hypoxia acclimation in sablefish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.208074. [PMID: 31645375 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.208074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, the effect of O2 limitation on cardiac mitochondrial function remains largely unexplored. The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) encounters considerable variations in environmental oxygen availability, and is an interesting model for studying the effects of hypoxia on fish cardiorespiratory function. We investigated how in vivo hypoxia acclimation (6 months at 40% then 3 weeks at 20% air saturation) and in vitro anoxia-reoxygenation affected sablefish cardiac mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rates using high-resolution fluorespirometry. Further, we investigated how hypoxia acclimation affected the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to nitric oxide (NO), and compared mitochondrial lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition between groups. Hypoxia acclimation did not alter mitochondrial coupled or uncoupled respiration, or respiratory control ratio, ROS release rates, P 50 or superoxide dismutase activity. However, it increased citrate synthase activity (by ∼20%), increased the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to NO inhibition (i.e., the NO IC50 was 25% lower), and enhanced the recovery of respiration (by 21%) and reduced ROS release rates (by 25-30%) post-anoxia. In addition, hypoxia acclimation altered mitochondrial FA composition [increasing arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) proportions by 11 and 14%, respectively], and SIMPER analysis revealed that the phospholipid:sterol ratio was the largest contributor (24%) to the dissimilarity between treatments. Overall, these results suggest that hypoxia acclimation may protect sablefish cardiac bioenergetic function during or after periods of O2 limitation, and that this may be related to alterations in mitochondrial sensitivity to NO and to adaptive changes in membrane composition (fluidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gerber
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Anthony K Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Hua J, Malinski T. Variable Effects Of LDL Subclasses Of Cholesterol On Endothelial Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Balance - The Risks And Clinical Implications For Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8973-8987. [PMID: 31819413 PMCID: PMC6874513 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), “bad cholesterol”, is not an accurate indicator of coronary disease. About 75% of patients with heart attacks have cholesterol levels that do not indicate a high risk for a cardiovascular event. LDL is comprised of three subclasses, with particles of different size and density. We used nanomedical systems to elucidate the noxious effects of LDL subclasses on endothelium. Experimental Nanosensors were employed to measure the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) stimulated by LDL subclasses in HUVECs. N-LDL and ox-LDL (subclass A: 1.016–1.019 g/mL, subclass I: 1.024–1.029 g/mL, and subclass B: 1.034–1.053 g/mL) stimulated NO and ONOO− release. The concentrations ratio of (NO)/(ONOO−) was used to evaluate the noxious effects of the subclasses on endothelium. Results In HUVECs, the (NO)/(ONOO−) ratio for normal endothelium is about 5, but shifts to 2.7±0.4, 0.5±0.1, and 0.9±0.1 for subclasses A, B, and I, respectively. Ratios below 1.0 indicate an imbalance between NO and ONOO−, affecting endothelial function. LDL of 50% B and 50% I produced the most severe imbalance (0.45±0.04), whereas LDL of 60% A, 20% B, and 20% I had the most favorable balance of 5.66±0.69. Subclass B significantly elevated the adhesion of molecules and monocytes. The noxious effect was significantly higher for ox-LDL than n-LDL. Conclusion Subclass B of “bad cholesterol” is the most damaging to endothelial function and can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Contrary to the current national guidelines, this study suggests that it’s not the total LDL, rather it is the concentration of subclass B in relation to subclasses A and/or I, that should be used for diagnosis of atherosclerosis and the risk of heart attack. By utilizing specific pharmacological therapy to address the concentration of subclass B, there is a potential to significantly reduce the risk of heart attack and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Hua
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Tadeusz Malinski
- Nanomedical Research Laboratory, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hepatoprotective Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi against Acute Liver Injury in Mice Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100446. [PMID: 31581526 PMCID: PMC6826918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lumbar muscle strain and rheumatic pain. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) has been previously reported to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury in mice. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo protective effects of EEIH against LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice as well as explore its molecular mechanisms. The mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with EEIH at the doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg every day for 5 days. One hour after the last administration, the mice were administered i.p. with LPS (8 mg/kg). After fasting for 12 h, blood and liver tissues were collected to histopathological observation, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH possessed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity in vitro. The histopathological examination, serum biochemical analysis, and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity showed that EEIH pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced liver injury in mice. EEIH significantly dose-dependently decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 in liver tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice via downregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Furthermore, EEIH markedly ameliorated liver oxidative and nitrosative stress burden in LPS-treated mice through reducing the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, restoring the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). These results demonstrate that EEIH has protective effects against ALI in mice via alleviating inflammatory response, oxidative and nitrosative stress burden through activating the Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. The hepatoprotective activity of EEIH might be attributed to the flavonoid compounds such as catechin (1), 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (2), and taxifolin (7) that most possibly act synergistically.
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Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice via Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061412. [PMID: 31234591 PMCID: PMC6627762 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) was found to contain a large number of phenols and possess in vitro antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to investigate its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with EEIH for five days, and then LPS injection was applied to induce AKI. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and used for histopathology, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH not only significantly dose-dependently attenuated histological damage and reduced renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (from 9.77 ± 0.73 to 0.84 ± 0.30 U/g tissue) but also decreased serum creatinine (from 55.60 ± 2.70 to 27.20 ± 2.39 µmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (from 29.95 ± 1.96 to 16.12 ± 1.24 mmol/L) levels in LPS-treated mice. EEIH also markedly dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression and production of TNF-α (from 140.40 ± 5.15 to 84.74 ± 5.65 pg/mg), IL-1β (from 135.54 ± 8.20 to 77.15 ± 5.34 pg/mg), IL-6 (from 168.74 ± 7.23 to 119.16 ± 9.35 pg/mg), and COX-2 in renal tissue of LPS-treated mice via downregulating mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Moreover, EEIH significantly dose-dependently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (from 5.43 ± 0.43 to 2.80 ± 0.25 nmol/mg prot) and NO (from 1.01 ± 0.05 to 0.24 ± 0.05 µmol/g prot) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (from 22.32 ± 2.92 to 47.59 ± 3.79 U/mg prot) and glutathione (GSH) (from 6.57 ± 0.53 to 16.89 ± 0.68 µmol/g prot) levels in renal tissue induced by LPS through upregulating mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, EEIH inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that EEIH has protective effects against AKI in mice through regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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ALHaithloul HA, Alotaibi MF, Bin-Jumah M, Elgebaly H, Mahmoud AM. Olea europaea leaf extract up-regulates Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling and attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat kidney. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:676-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Mohamed HM, Mahmoud AM. Chronic exposure to the opioid tramadol induces oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis, and alters cerebral monoamine neurotransmitters in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:239-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Węgrzyn P, Lis G, Rudzinski P, Piatek J, Pyka-Fosciak G, Korbut R, Kapelak B, Bartus K, Litwinowicz R. Vasodilatory Efficacy and Impact of Papaverine on Endothelium in Radial Artery Predilatation for CABG Surgery: in Search for Optimal Concentration. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 33:553-558. [PMID: 30652743 PMCID: PMC6326436 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different papaverine concentrations (0.5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml) for vasospasm prevention and their impact on endothelium integrity. METHODS We have studied distal segments of radial arteries obtained by no-touch technique from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients (n=10). The vasodilatory effect of papaverine (concentrations of 0.5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml) was assessed in vitro, in isometric tension studies using ex vivo myography (organ bath technique) and arterial rings precontracted with potassium chloride (KCl) and phenylephrine. The impact of papaverine on endothelial integrity was studied by measurement of the percentage of vessel's circumference revealing CD34 endothelial marker. RESULTS 2 mg/ml papaverine concentration showed stronger vasodilatatory effect than 0.5 mg/ml, but it caused significantly higher endothelial damage. Response to KCl was 7.35±3.33 mN for vessels protected with papaverine 0.5 mg/ml and 2.66±1.96 mN when papaverine in concentration of 2 mg/ml was used. The histological examination revealed a significant difference in the presence of undamaged endothelium between vessels incubated in papaverine 0.5 mg/ml (72.86±9.3%) and 2 mg/ml (50.23±13.42%), P=0.002. CONCLUSION Papaverine 2 mg/ml caused the higher endothelial damage. Concentration of 0.5 mg/ml caused better preservation of the endothelial lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Węgrzyn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Rudzinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Piatek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Pyka-Fosciak
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Kapelak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bartus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Litwinowicz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Potue P, Wunpathe C, Maneesai P, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Nobiletin alleviates vascular alterations through modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and MMP pathways in l-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:1880-1892. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nobiletin alleviates l-NAME-induced vascular dysfunction and remodeling and superoxide production in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - Chutamas Wunpathe
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | | | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy
- Faculty of Medicine
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
- Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
- Thailand
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Gliemann L, Rytter N, Piil P, Nilton J, Lind T, Nyberg M, Cocks M, Hellsten Y. The Endothelial Mechanotransduction Protein Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Influenced by Aging and Exercise Training in Human Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1807. [PMID: 30618819 PMCID: PMC6305393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to determine the role of aging and exercise training on endothelial mechanosensor proteins and the hyperemic response to shear stress by passive leg movement. Methods: We examined the expression of mechanosensor proteins and vascular function in young (n = 14, 25 ± 3 years) and old (n = 14, 72 ± 5 years) healthy male subjects with eight weeks of aerobic exercise training. Before and after training, the hyperaemic response to passive leg movement was determined and a thigh muscle biopsy was obtained before and after passive leg movement to assess the acute effect of increased shear stress. Biopsies were analyzed for protein amount and phosphorylation of mechanosensor proteins; Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), Vascular endothelial cadherin, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Results: Before training, the old group presented a lower hyperaemic response to passive leg movement and a 35% lower (P < 0.05) relative basal phosphorylation level of PECAM-1 whereas there was no difference for the other mechanosensor proteins. After training, the eNOS protein amount, the amount of PECAM-1 protein and the passive leg movement-induced phosphorylation of PECAM-1 were higher in both groups. The hyperaemic response to passive leg movement was higher after training in the young group only. Conclusion: Aged individuals have a lower hyperaemic response to passive leg movement and a lower relative basal phosphorylation of PECAM-1 than young. The higher PECAM-1 phosphorylation despite a similar hyperemic level in the aged observed after training, suggests that training improved shear stress responsiveness of this mechanotransduction protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Piil
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nilton
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bi W, Bi Y, Li P, Hou S, Yan X, Hensley C, Bammert CE, Zhang Y, Gibson KM, Ju J, Bi L. Indole Alkaloid Derivative B, a Novel Bifunctional Agent That Mitigates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Cardiotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15850-15864. [PMID: 30533582 PMCID: PMC6275955 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinically approved therapeutics that mitigate chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, a serious adverse effect of chemotherapy, are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the putative protective capacity of a novel indole alkaloid derivative B (IADB) against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cardiotoxicity. To assess the free-radical scavenging activities of IADB, the acetylcholine-induced relaxation assay in rat thoracic aorta was used. Further, IADB was tested in normal and cancer cell lines with assays gauging autophagy induction. We further examined whether IADB could attenuate cardiotoxicity in 5-FU-treated male ICR mice. We found that IADB could serve as a novel bifunctional agent (displaying both antioxidant and autophagy-modulating activities). Further, we demonstrated that IADB induced production of cytosolic autophagy-associated structures in both cancer and normal cell lines. We observed that IADB cytotoxicity was much lower in normal versus cancer cell lines, suggesting an enhanced potency toward cancer cells. The cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU was significantly relieved in animals pretreated with IADB. Taken together, IADB treatment, in combination with chemotherapy, may lead to reduced cardiotoxicity, as well as the reduction of anticancer drug dosages that may further improve chemotherapeutic efficacy with decreased off-target effects. Our data suggest that the use of IADB may be therapeutically beneficial in minimizing cardiotoxicity associated with high-dose chemotherapy. On the basis of the redox status difference between normal and tumor cells, IADB selectively induces autophagic cell death, mediated by reactive oxygen species overproduction, in cancer cells. This novel mechanism could reveal novel therapeutic targets in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bi
- Second
Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Bi
- Second
Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Second
Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Connor Hensley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Catherine E. Bammert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Second
Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P. R. China
| | - K. Michael Gibson
- Department
of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Translational
Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lanrong Bi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Effect of glycemic control and disease duration on cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:149-158. [PMID: 30918849 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a commonly overlooked complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a complex pathogenesis involving hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress which results in neuronal ischemia and cellular death. The level of hyperglycemia as well as disease duration might be significant determinants of the prognosis of T2DM, but limited studies have explored their relationship with these diabetic complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of glycemic control and disease duration on cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Methods 60 T2DM patients along with 63 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Diabetic patients were further classified based on glycemic control (HbA1c levels <8% vs. ≥8%) and disease duration (<5 vs. 5-10 vs. >10 years). All participants were assessed for cardiac autonomic function (HRR: heart rate recovery; HRV: heart rate variability), levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase), serum nitric oxide (NO) and other cardiometabolic risk factors (resting blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile). Results T2DM patients showed a significant reduction in HRR, HRV, CAT, SOD and an increase in LFnu, LF: HF ratio and NO. These impairments were significantly greater for the group with poor glycemic control (p < 0.05). However, no difference for these parameters was observed with respect to different disease durations. Conclusion Cardiac autonomic regulation and endogenous antioxidant defense were compromised and levels of nitric oxide found to be raised in patients with Type 2 diabetes. These findings were more pronounced in subjects with poor glycemic control.
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Guo Y, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin attenuates endothelial senescence by modulating Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4387-4398. [PMID: 29992759 PMCID: PMC6111868 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, a plasma protein, protects against vascular and organ injury. This study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of kallistatin in endothelial senescence. Kallistatin inhibited H2 O2 -induced senescence in human endothelial cells, as indicated by reduced senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, p16INK4a and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked H2 O2 -induced superoxide formation, NADPH oxidase levels and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6 and miR-34a synthesis. Kallistatin reversed H2 O2 -mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), SIRT1, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 expression, and kallistatin alone stimulated the synthesis of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin's anti-senescence and anti-oxidant effects were attributed to SIRT1-mediated eNOS pathway. Kallistatin, via interaction with tyrosine kinase, up-regulated Let-7g, whereas Let-7g inhibitor abolished kallistatin's effects on miR-34a and SIRT1/eNOS synthesis, leading to inhibition of senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, lung endothelial cells isolated from endothelium-specific kallistatin knockout mice displayed marked reduction in mouse kallistatin levels. Kallistatin deficiency in mouse endothelial cells exacerbated senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation compared to wild-type mouse endothelial cells, and H2 O2 treatment further magnified these effects. Kallistatin deficiency caused marked reduction in Let-7g, SIRT1, eNOS, catalase and SOD-1 mRNA levels, and elevated miR-34a synthesis in mouse endothelial cells. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin through novel mechanisms protects against endothelial senescence by modulating Let-7g-mediated miR-34a-SIRT1-eNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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Lomelí O, Pérez-Torres I, Márquez R, Críales S, Mejía AM, Chiney C, Hernández-Lemus E, Soto ME. The Evaluation of Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in the Brachial Artery Correlates With Endothelial Dysfunction Evaluated by Nitric Oxide Synthase Metabolites in Marfan Syndrome Patients. Front Physiol 2018; 9:965. [PMID: 30246778 PMCID: PMC6110856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MS) is of the most common connective tissue disorders. Although most patients have mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) and more than 1,700 mutations have been described, there are no mutations in less than 10% of patients. Aortic dilation is the most important complication; it involves chronic inflammatory processes and endothelial dysfunction. Prospective study from March 2015 to January 2017, in a cohort of 32 patients of MS confirmed by Ghent criteria and 35 controls of both genders, with a median age of 26 years (18-56). Patients had no comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and/or neoplasms. They were not being treated with statin, NSAIDs, calcium antagonists, oral nitrates, and/or beta-blockers during 7 days prior to the study and patients with smoking history in the last 4 years. Controls were matched by age and gender. We analyzed endothelial dysfunction by flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery, determining the maximum peak flow in the reactive hyperemia phase with a Philips Envisor device with Doppler capability. Its correlation with serum levels of biological markers that could participate in endothelial dysfunction pathways such as NO3-/NO2- ratio, NO2- , citrulline, TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, osteopontin, ICAM, VCAM, and NO3-/NO2- was determined. Endothelial dysfunction was found in 21 MS patients (65%). The aortic annulus (AAo) was of 27 mm (22-40) and 24 mm (22-30) (p = 0.04) in MS patients with and without dysfunction. The level of NO3-/NO2- ratio, was of 108.95 ± 12.05 nM/ml in controls vs. 170.04 ± 18.76 nM/ml in MS (p = 0.002), NO2- was of 33.78 ± 3.41 vs. 43.95 ± 2.59 nM/ml (p = 0.03), citrulline 62.65 ± 3.46 vs. 72.81 ± 4.35 μMol/ml (p = 0.06). VCAM median was 39 pg/ml (0-86) vs. 32 pg/ml (11-66) (p = 0.03), respectively. The correlation of VCAM with triglycerides (TG) was of 0.62 (p = 0.005). There were no differences in TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and osteopontin. MS endothelial dysfunction is related to aortic diameters, and increased levels of VCAM, L-citrulline and NO3-/NO2- ratio, NO2- . VCAM-1 has a significant correlation with TG and could play a significant role in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lomelí
- Department of Echocardiography, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Críales
- Department of Computed Tomography, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana M Mejía
- Blood Bank, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Chiney
- Central Laboratory, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria E Soto
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
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