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Suvorava T, Metry S, Pick S, Kojda G. Alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and their relevance to blood pressure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mironova GY, Mazumdar N, Hashad AM, El-Lakany MA, Welsh DG. Defining a Role of NADPH Oxidase in Myogenic Tone Development. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12756. [PMID: 35289024 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The myogenic response sets the foundation for blood flow control. Recent findings suggest a role for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and signaling pathways tied to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, this study ascertained the impact of NADPH oxidase (Nox) on myogenic tone in rat cerebral resistance arteries. METHODS The study employed real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), pressure myography, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Gq blockade abolished myogenic tone in rat cerebral arteries, linking GPCR to mechanosensation. Subsequent work revealed that general (TEMPOL) and mitochondrial specific (MitoTEMPO) ROS scavengers had little impact on myogenic tone, whereas apocynin, a broad spectrum Nox inhibitor, initiated transient dilation. RT-qPCR revealed Nox1 and Nox2 mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. Pressure myography defined Nox1 rather than Nox2 is facilitating myogenic tone. We rationalized that Nox1-generated ROS was initiating this response by impairing the ability of the CaV 3.2 channel to elicit negative feedback via BKCa . This hypothesis was confirmed in functional experiments. The proximity ligation assay further revealed that Nox1 and CaV 3.2 colocalize within 40 nm of one another. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that vascular pressurization augments Nox1 activity and ensuing ROS production facilitates myogenic tone by limiting Ca2+ influx via CaV 3.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yu Mironova
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Hashad
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Lakany
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Das M, Devi KP, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Tewari D, Sahebnasagh A, Nabavi SF, Khayat Kashani HR, Rasekhian M, Xu S, Amirizadeh M, Amini K, Banach M, Xiao J, Aghaabdollahian S, Nabavi SM. Harnessing polyphenol power by targeting eNOS for vascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2093-2118. [PMID: 34553653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases arise due to vascular endothelium dysfunction in response to several pro-inflammatory stimuli and invading pathogens. Thickening of the vessel wall, formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are the major consequences of impaired endothelium resulting in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and many others. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was found to be associated with anomalous endothelial function because of either its reduced production level by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) which synthesize this potent endogenous vasodilator from L-arginine or its enhanced breakdown due to severe oxidative stress and eNOS uncoupling. Polyphenols are a group of bioactive compounds having more than 7000 chemical entities present in different cereals, fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds possess many OH groups which are largely responsible for their strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory antithrombotic and anti-hypersensitive properties. Several flavonoid-derived polyphenols like flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols and anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid polyphenols like tannins, curcumins and resveratrol have attracted scientific interest for their beneficial effects in preventing endothelial dysfunction. This article will focus on in vitro as well as in vivo and clinical studies evidences of the polyphenols with eNOS modulating activity against vascular disease condition while their molecular mechanism will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mehran Amirizadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kiumarth Amini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Safieh Aghaabdollahian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Das UN. Molecular biochemical aspects of salt (sodium chloride) in inflammation and immune response with reference to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:83. [PMID: 34334139 PMCID: PMC8327432 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) are common that are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Diet, genetic factors, inflammation, and immunocytes and their cytokines play a role in their pathobiology. But the exact role of sodium, potassium, magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins in the pathogenesis of HTN and T2DM is not known. Recent studies showed that sodium and potassium can modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, alter the autonomic nervous system and induce dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune responses in addition to their action on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These actions of sodium, potassium and magnesium and other minerals, trace elements and vitamins are likely to be secondary to their action on pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 and metabolism of essential fatty acids that may account for their involvement in the pathobiology of insulin resistance, T2DM, HTN and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA, 98604, USA.
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5
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Turbeville HR, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Dent EL, Sasser JM. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways do not contribute to sex differences in renal injury and function in Dahl SS/Jr rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14440. [PMID: 32652814 PMCID: PMC7354091 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of hypertension in the United States is increasing and yields significant morbidity and mortality, and sex differences in hypertension are widely recognized. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury, and but their contributions to sex differences in injury progression of are undefined. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that male hypertensive rats have accelerated renal injury compared to females and to determine the contributions of the nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in these differences. Male and female Dahl SS/Jr rats, a model that spontaneously develops hypertension with age, were allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 or 6 months of age, at which points blood pressure was measured and plasma, tissue, and urine were collected. While no significant sex differences in blood pressure were present at either time point, renal injury measured by urine protein excretion was more severe (male = 44.9 ± 6; female = 15±3 mg/day/100 g bw, p = .0001), and renal function was reduced (male = 0.48 ± 0.02; female = 0.7 ± 0.03 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p = .001) in males compared to females with age. Both male and female rats exhibited reduced nitric oxide metabolites (3 months: male = 0.65 ± 0.1; female = 0.74 ± 0.3; 6 months: male = 0.16 ± 0.1; female = 0.41 ± 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 kw, p, age = 0.02, p, sex = 0.3). Levels of urinary TBARS were similar (3 months: male = 20±1.5; female = 23±1.8; 6 months: male = 26±4.8; female = 23±4.7µM day g-1 kw, p, age = 0.4, p, sex = 0.9), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) mRNA was greater in females (3 months: male = 0.35 ± 0.03; female = 1.4 ± 0.2; 6 months: male = 0.4 ± 0.05; female = 1.3 ± 0.1 normalized counts, p, age = 0.7, p, sex < 0.0001), but EC SOD protein expression was not different (3 months: male = 0.01 ± 0.002; female = 0.01 ± 0.002; 6 months: male = 0.02 ± 0.004; female = 0.01 ± 0.002 relative density, p, age = 0.2, p, sex = 0.8). These data support the presence of significant sex differences in renal injury and function in the Dahl S rat and identify a need for further study into the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Turbeville
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Elena L. Dent
- Department Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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PAULA SULIANAM, FERNANDES TIAGO, COUTO GISELEK, JORDÃO MARIAT, OLIVEIRA EDILAMARM, MICHELINI LISETEC, ROSSONI LUCIANAVENTURINI. Molecular Pathways Involved in Aerobic Exercise Training Enhance Vascular Relaxation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2117-2126. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Malinski T, Dawoud H. Vitamin D3, L-Arginine, L-Citrulline, and antioxidant supplementation enhances nitric oxide bioavailability and reduces oxidative stress in the vascular endothelium – Clinical implications for cardiovascular system. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_79_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zozina VI, Covantev S, Goroshko OA, Krasnykh LM, Kukes VG. Coenzyme Q10 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Current State of the Problem. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:164-174. [PMID: 29663894 PMCID: PMC6131403 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180416115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increasing with every year. Although the management of these conditions has improved greatly over the years, it is still far from perfect. With all of this in mind, there is a need for new methods of prophylaxis and treatment. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound of the human body. There is growing evidence that CoQ10 is tightly linked to cardiometabolic disorders. Its supplementation can be useful in a variety of chronic and acute disorders. This review analyses the role of CoQ10 in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, viral myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, cardiac toxicity, dyslipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiac procedures and resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena I Zozina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Serghei Covantev
- Laboratory of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy «Nicolae Testemitanu», Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of
| | - Olga A Goroshko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila M Krasnykh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Kukes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Sharifi N, Lankarani KB, Moosazadeh M, Kolahdooz F, Taghizadeh M, Asemi Z. The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2018; 25:41-50. [PMID: 29330704 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-018-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although several trials have assessed the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on blood pressures among patients with metabolic diseases, findings are controversial. AIM This review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the evidence on the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on blood pressures among patients with metabolic diseases. METHODS Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 10 August 2017 were searched. Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. Heterogeneity was measured with a Q-test and with I2 statistics. Data were pooled by using the fix or random-effect model based on the heterogeneity test results and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of seventeen randomized controlled trials (684 participants) were included. Results showed that CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD - 0.30; 95% CI - 0.52, - 0.08). However, CoQ10 supplementation decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but this was not statistically significant (SMD - 0.08; 95% CI - 0.46, 0.29). CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 supplementation may result in reduction in SBP levels, but did not affect DBP levels among patients with metabolic diseases. Additional prospective studies regarding the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on blood pressure in patients with metabolic diseases are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasrin Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Caligiuri SPB, Pierce GN. A review of the relative efficacy of dietary, nutritional supplements, lifestyle, and drug therapies in the management of hypertension. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3508-3527. [PMID: 27494115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1142420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in hypertensive therapies, the prevalence of hypertension and associated morbidities are still immense. Physicians are in great need for updated information on novel and effective antihypertensive therapies. Therefore, the study objective was to provide comprehensive information on the efficacy of available antihypertensive therapies. Antihypertensive therapies were divided into four general approaches: diet, nutritional supplements, lifestyle modification, and conventional antihypertensive medications. A search of PubMed and Google Scholar resulted in an analysis of 30 antihypertensive therapies from meta-analyses and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). The studies were analyzed using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology classification system. Calculated average blood pressure reductions were: (systolic/diastolic) 6/4 mmHg, 4/2 mmHg, 5/3 mmHg, and 9/5 mmHg for dietary, nutritional supplements, lifestyle, and medications, respectively. The results demonstrate that dietary, nutritional supplement and lifestyle strategies have a solid level of evidence to support their efficacy as antihypertensive strategies. These strategies can be as effective as medications and, in some cases, even more effective. Dissemination of this information to physicians/dietitians can help facilitate an important shift in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM) and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre , and the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM) and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre , and the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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Toussaint J, Raval CB, Nguyen T, Fadaifard H, Joshi S, Wolberg G, Quarfordt S, Jan KM, Rumschitzki DS. Chronic hypertension increases aortic endothelial hydraulic conductivity by upregulating endothelial aquaporin-1 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1063-H1073. [PMID: 28733452 PMCID: PMC5792199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00651.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the role of aquaporins in osmotic water transport in various systems, but virtually none have focused on the role of aquaporin in hydrostatically driven water transport involving mammalian cells save for our laboratory's recent study of aortic endothelial cells. Here, we investigated aquaporin-1 expression and function in the aortic endothelium in two high-renin rat models of hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive genetically altered Wistar-Kyoto rat variant and Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive by two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt surgery. We measured aquaporin-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells from whole rat aortas by quantitative immunohistochemistry and function by measuring the pressure-driven hydraulic conductivities of excised rat aortas with both intact and denuded endothelia on the same vessel. We used them to calculate the effective intimal hydraulic conductivity, which is a combination of endothelial and subendothelial components. We observed well-correlated enhancements in aquaporin-1 expression and function in both hypertensive rat models as well as in aortas from normotensive rats whose expression was upregulated by 2 h of forskolin treatment. Upregulated aquaporin-1 expression and function may be a response to hypertension that critically determines conduit artery vessel wall viability and long-term susceptibility to atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The aortic endothelia of two high-renin hypertensive rat models express greater than two times the aquaporin-1 and, at low pressures, have greater than two times the endothelial hydraulic conductivity of normotensive rats. Data are consistent with theory predicting that higher endothelial aquaporin-1 expression raises the critical pressure for subendothelial intima compression and for artery wall hydraulic conductivity to drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Toussaint
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York; ,4Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Chirag Bharavi Raval
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York; ,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - Tieuvi Nguyen
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - Hadi Fadaifard
- 3Department of Computer Science, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - Shripad Joshi
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - George Wolberg
- 3Department of Computer Science, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - Steven Quarfordt
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York;
| | - Kung-ming Jan
- 5Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and
| | - David S. Rumschitzki
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York; ,5Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and ,6Biology (Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology) and Chemistry (Biophysics) Departments, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
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12
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Selective impairment of blood pressure reduction by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimer destabilization in mice. J Hypertens 2017; 35:76-88. [PMID: 27861245 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with hypertension but whether endothelial superoxide may play a role in the early development of essential hypertension remains uncertain. We investigated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived endothelial oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of SBP. METHODS Wild-type eNOS [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of bovine endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS-Tg)] or a novel dimer-destabilized eNOS-mutant harboring a partially disrupted zinc-finger [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of destabilized bovine eNOS destabilized by replacement of Cys 101 to Ala (C101A-eNOS-Tg)] was introduced in C57BL/6 in an endothelial-specific manner. Mice were monitored for aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation, SBP, levels of superoxide and several posttranslational modifications indicating activity and/or increased vascular oxidative stress. Some groups of mice underwent voluntary exercise training for 4 weeks or treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol. RESULTS C101A-eNOS-Tg showed significantly increased superoxide generation, protein-tyrosine-nitration and eNOS-tyrosine-nitration, eNOS-S-glutathionylation, eNOS phosphorylation and AMP kinase-α phosphorylation at Thr172 in aorta, skeletal muscle, left ventricular myocardium and lung as compared with eNOS-Tg and wild-type controls. Exercise training increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser and AMP kinase-α in wild-type. These physiologic adaptations were absent in C101A-eNOS-Tg. Maximal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation was similar in all strains. C101A-eNOS-Tg displayed normal SBP despite higher levels of eNOS, whereas eNOS-Tg showed significant hypotension. Tempol completely reversed the occurring protein modifications and significantly reduced SBP in C101A-eNOS-Tg but not in wild-type. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress generated by endothelial-specific expression of genetically destabilized C101A-eNOS selectively prevents SBP-reducing activity of vascular eNOS, while having no effect on aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. These data suggest that oxidative stress in microvascular endothelium may play a role for the development of essential hypertension.
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Moringa oleifera Seeds Attenuate Vascular Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4129459. [PMID: 28713487 PMCID: PMC5496124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MOI) is a tree currently used in traditional medicine in tropical Africa, America, and Asia for therapeutic applications in several disorders including arterial hypertension. We previously described a cardiac protective role of a treatment with MOI seeds in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Here, we investigated the effects of this treatment on oxidative and nitrosative vascular stresses in SHR, with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats used as controls. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses detected in SHR aortas using the fluorescent dye dihydroethidine and protein nitrotyrosine staining were reduced in MOI-treated SHR aortas. This was associated with a decrease of free 8-isoprostane circulating level, vascular p22phox and p47phox expressions, and SOD2 upregulation. Moreover, circulating nitrites and C-reactive protein, increased in SHR, were both reduced in SHR receiving MOI. This was associated to decrease iNOS and NF-κB protein expressions after MOI treatment. In functional studies, the endothelium-dependent carbachol-induced relaxation was improved in MOI-treated SHR resistance arteries. Oral administration of MOI seeds demonstrates vascular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective effects in SHR. Our data support the use of MOI seeds in diet against cardiovascular disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as hypertension, scientifically validating the use of these seeds in Malagasy traditional medicine.
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NPC-EXs Alleviate Endothelial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction through the miR-210 Downstream Nox2 and VEGFR2 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28630660 PMCID: PMC5467331 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9397631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) protect endothelial cells (ECs) from oxidative stress. Since exosomes (EXs) can convey the benefit of parent cells through their carried microRNAs (miRs) and miR-210 is ubiquitously expressed with versatile functions, we investigated the role of miR-210 in the effects of NPC-EXs on oxidative stress and dysfunction in ECs. NPCs were transfected with control and miR-210 scramble/inhibitor/mimic to generate NPC-EXscon, NPC-EXssc, NPC-EXsanti-miR-210, and NPC-EXsmiR-210. The effects of various NPC-EXs on angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, apoptosis, and dysfunction, as well as dysregulation of Nox2, ephrin A3, VEGF, and p-VEGFR2/VEGFR2 in ECs were evaluated. Results showed (1) Ang II-induced ROS overproduction, increase in apoptosis, and decrease in tube formation ability, accompanied with Nox2 upregulation and reduction of p-VEGFR2/VEGFR2 in ECs. (2) Compared to NPC-EXscon or NPC-EXssc, NPC-EXsanti-miR-210 were less whereas NPC-EXsmiR-210 were more effective on attenuating these detrimental effects induced by Ang II in ECs. (3) These effects of NPC-EXsanti-miR-210 and NPC-EXsmiR-210 were associated with the changes of miR-210, ephrin A3, VEGF, and p-VEGFR2/VEGFR2 ratio in ECs. Altogether, the protective effects of NPC-EXs on Ang II-induced endothelial injury through miR-210 which controls Nox2/ROS and VEGF/VEGFR2 signals were studied.
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Pestana CR, Urbaczek AC, Alberici JV, Rodrigues GJ, Carrilho E. Metabolic profiling of human endothelial cells during autophagy assessed in a biomimetic microfluidic device model. Life Sci 2017; 172:42-47. [PMID: 28011226 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Autophagy is critical to endothelial function. We explored the effects of autophagy induced by serum deprivation on Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) metabolome profile and its inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CLQ) using a microfluidic biomimetic model. MAIN METHODS The metabolites secreted by HUVEC into the circulating microfluidics were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and further analyzed using Metaboanalyst 3.0 multivariate and pathway analysis tools. KEY FINDINGS Principal component analysis showed the discrimination of metabolites between treated and control groups. The results also identified alterations in metabolites relevant to endothelial function such as arginine, glutamate and energy metabolism pathways. Interestingly, CLQ mostly reversed the changes induced by serum deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge of endothelial metabolic profile during autophagy may contribute to the identification of clinical biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Rangel Pestana
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Moringa oleiferaSeeds Attenuate Vascular Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017%2f4129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera(MOI) is a tree currently used in traditional medicine in tropical Africa, America, and Asia for therapeutic applications in several disorders including arterial hypertension. We previously described a cardiac protective role of a treatment with MOI seeds in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Here, we investigated the effects of this treatment on oxidative and nitrosative vascular stresses in SHR, with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats used as controls. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses detected in SHR aortas using the fluorescent dye dihydroethidine and protein nitrotyrosine staining were reduced in MOI-treated SHR aortas. This was associated with a decrease of free 8-isoprostane circulating level, vascular p22phoxand p47phoxexpressions, and SOD2 upregulation. Moreover, circulating nitrites and C-reactive protein, increased in SHR, were both reduced in SHR receiving MOI. This was associated to decrease iNOS and NF-κB protein expressions after MOI treatment. In functional studies, the endothelium-dependent carbachol-induced relaxation was improved in MOI-treated SHR resistance arteries. Oral administration of MOI seeds demonstrates vascular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective effects in SHR. Our data support the use of MOI seeds in diet against cardiovascular disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as hypertension, scientifically validating the use of these seeds in Malagasy traditional medicine.
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Effect of tempol and tempol plus catalase on intra-renal haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHSP) and Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:207-214. [PMID: 27933463 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasoconstriction within the renal medulla contributes to the development of hypertension. This study investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating renal medullary and cortical blood perfusion (MBP and CBP respectively) in both stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar rats. CBP and MBP were measured using a laser-Doppler flow meter before and after intra-renal infusion of tempol, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic or tempol plus catalase, the hydrogen peroxide-degrading enzyme. Tempol infusion significantly elevated blood perfusion within the renal medulla (MBP) in both SHRSP (by 43 ± 7%, P < 0.001) and Wistar rats (by 17 ± 2%, P < 0.05) but the magnitude of the increase was significantly greater in the SHRSP (P < 0.01). When the enzyme catalase and tempol were co-infused, MBP was again significantly increased in SHRSP (by 57 ± 6%, P < 0.001) and Wistar rats (by 33 ± 6%, P < 0.001), with a significantly greater increase in perfusion being induced in the SHRSP relative to the Wistar rats (P < 0.01). Notably, this increase was significantly greater than in those animals infused with tempol alone (P < 0.01). These results suggest that ROS plays a proportionally greater role in reducing renal vascular compliance, particularly within the renal medulla, in normotensive and hypertensive animals, with effects being greater in the hypertensive animals. This supports the hypothesis that SHRSP renal vasculature might be subjected to elevated level of oxidative stress relative to normotensive animals.
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Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:343-65. [PMID: 16565431 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
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Romero M, Toral M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Jiménez R, Galindo P, Sánchez M, Olivares M, Gálvez J, Duarte J. Antihypertensive effects of oleuropein-enriched olive leaf extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:584-93. [PMID: 26593388 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic consumption of oleuropein-enriched (15% w/w) olive leaf extract (OLE) on blood pressure, endothelial function, and vascular oxidative and inflammatory status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated. Ten Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and twenty SHR were randomly assigned to three groups: a control WKY group, a control SHR group and a SHR group treated with OLE (30 mg kg(-1)) for 5 weeks. Long-term administration of OLE reduced systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac and renal hypertrophy. OLE treatment reversed the impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine observed in SHR. OLE restored aortic eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and Thr-495 and increased eNOS activity. OLE eliminated the increased aortic superoxide levels, and reduced the elevated NADPH oxidase activity, as a result of reduced NOX-1 and NOX-2 mRNA levels in SHR. OLE reduced the enhanced vascular TLR4 expression by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling with the subsequent reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, OLE exerts antihypertensive effects on genetic hypertension related to the improvement of vascular function as a result of reduced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - M Toral
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Gómez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Jiménez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - P Galindo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Olivares
- Laboratorio de Descubrimiento y Preclínica, Departamento de Investigación BIOSEARCH S.A, Granada, Spain
| | - J Gálvez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - J Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Small HY, Nosalski R, Morgan H, Beattie E, Guzik TJ, Graham D, Delles C. Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Natural Killer Cells in Uterine Artery Function and Pregnancy Outcome in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Hypertension 2016; 68:1298-1307. [PMID: 27733586 PMCID: PMC5058643 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Women with chronic hypertension are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We have previously characterized the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) as a model of deficient uterine artery function and adverse pregnancy outcome compared with the control Wistar-Kyoto. The activation of the immune system plays a role in hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcome. Therefore, we investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor-α in the SHRSP phenotype in an intervention study using etanercept (0.8 mg/kg SC) at gestational days 0, 6, 12, and 18 in pregnant SHRSP compared with vehicle-treated controls (n=6). Etanercept treatment significantly lowered systolic blood pressure after gestational day 12 and increased litter size in SHRSP. At gestational day 18, etanercept improved the function of uterine arteries from pregnant SHRSP normalizing the contractile response and increasing endothelium-dependent relaxation, resulting in increased pregnancy-dependent diastolic blood flow in the uterine arteries. We identified that the source of excess tumor necrosis factor-α in the SHRSP was a pregnancy-dependent increase in peripheral and placental CD3- CD161+ natural killer cells. Etanercept treatment also had effects on placental CD161+ cells by reducing the expression of CD161 receptor, which was associated with a decrease in cytotoxic granzyme B expression. Etanercept treatment improves maternal blood pressure, pregnancy outcome, and uterine artery function in SHRSP by antagonizing signaling from excess tumor necrosis factor-α production and the reduction of granzyme B expression in CD161+ natural killer cells in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Yvonne Small
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.).
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
| | - Hannah Morgan
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
| | - Elisabeth Beattie
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
| | - Delyth Graham
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
| | - Christian Delles
- From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (H.Y.S., R.N., H.M., E.B., T.J.G., D.G., C.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraców, Poland (R.N.)
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McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Goulopoulou S, Ogbi S, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Autoimmune therapeutic chloroquine lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:384-394. [PMID: 27639600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that hypertension results from a loss of immunological tolerance and the resulting autoimmunity may be an important underlying factor of its pathogenesis. This stems from the observations that many of the features involved in autoimmunity are also implicated in hypertension. Furthermore, the underlying presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease are frequently observed in patients with autoimmune diseases. Antimalarial agents such as chloroquine are generally among the first line treatment options for patients with autoimmune diseases; however, whether they can improve a hypertensive phenotype in a genetic model of essential hypertension remains to be clarified. Therefore, we hypothesized that chloroquine treatment would improve endothelial function and lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We treated adult SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (12 weeks old), as well as a group of young SHR (5 weeks old), with chloroquine (40mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection) for 21 days. Chloroquine lowered blood pressure in adult SHR, but did not impede the development of high blood pressure in young SHR. In isolated mesenteric resistance arteries from SHR of both ages, chloroquine treatment inhibited cyclooxygenase-dependent contraction to acetylcholine, lowered vascular and systemic generation of reactive oxygen species, and improved nitric oxide bioavailability. Overall, these data reveal the anti-hypertensive mechanisms of chloroquine in the vasculature, which may be important for lowering risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that autoimmunity underlies hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Safia Ogbi
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Nagar H, Choi S, Jung SB, Jeon BH, Kim CS. Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng enhances blood pressure stability in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:223-229. [PMID: 28462122 PMCID: PMC5390432 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) has been shown to exert antihypertensive effects. In particular, ginsenoside Rg3 is thought to be a potent modulator of vascular function. The present study was performed to examine the antihypertensive efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract and Rg3-enriched KRG (REKRG) extract. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKYs) were divided into six groups (WKY control, WKY-KRG, WKY-REKRG, SHR control, SHR-KRG, and SHR-REKRG), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at the carotid artery, followed by injection of 3 mg/kg KRG or 3 mg/kg REKRG. Results REKRG treatment significantly decreased SBP and DBP 3 hours post-treatment in the SHR group compared with SHR control group. However, SBP and DBP were not significantly different in KRG-treated SHRs compared with control SHRs. REKRG treatment did not significantly alter SBP or DBP 3 hours post-treatment in the WKY group compared with WKY control group. Similarly, there were no differences in SBP or DBP with KRG treatment in the WKY group and WKY control group. Both KRG and REKRG increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation levels in the aorta, and the increases in endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation levels by REKRG treatment were higher than those with KRG treatment. Similarly, nitric oxide production in plasma from WKYs and SHRs was also increased by both KRG and REKRG. Conclusion These results suggest that REKRG has a more beneficial effect on blood pressure control than KRG in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Nagar
- Department of Physiology, BK21Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sujeong Choi
- Department of Physiology, BK21Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology, BK21Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology, BK21Plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Prangthip P, Kettawan A, Posuwan J, Okuno M, Okamoto T. An Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats by Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinol-10 and Bioavailability after Short- and Long-Term Coenzyme Q10Supplementation. J Diet Suppl 2016; 13:647-59. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1164788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yin WH, Chen P, Yeh HI, Wang KY, Hung YJ, Tseng WK, Wen MS, Wu TC, Wu CC, Cheng SM, Chen JW. Combination With Low-dose Dextromethorphan Improves the Effect of Amlodipine Monotherapy in Clinical Hypertension: A First-in-human, Concept-proven, Prospective, Dose-escalation, Multicenter Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3234. [PMID: 27015224 PMCID: PMC4998419 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of low rather than high dose of dextromethorphan (DXM) with amlodipine (AM) could improve blood pressure (BP) reduction in hypertensive animals. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of different doses of DXM combined with standard AM treatment in clinical hypertension.This was a prospective, 14-week, dose-escalation, multicenter study. After 2-week run-in period with AM 5 mg/day, hypertensive patients who got the BP goal of 140/90 mmHg kept receiving AM monotherapy for another 12 weeks. The nonresponders, while kept on AM 5 mg/day, received additional DXM treatment for 3 sequential dose-titrated periods with initially 2.5 mg/day, followed by 7.5 mg/day, and finally 30 mg/day. Each period was for 4 weeks. The patients at BP goal after each treatment period were defined as the responders and kept on the same combination till the end of the study. The responder rate of each treatment period was recorded. The changes of BP and serum antioxidant/endothelial markers between week 14 and week 2 were evaluated.Of the 103 patients initially enrolled, 89 entered the treatment period. In the 78 patients completing the study, 31 (40%) at BP goal after 2-week AM run-in kept on AM monotherapy (DXM0). The addition of 2.5 (DXM2.5) and 7.5 mg/day (DXM7.5) of DXM enabled BP goal achievement in 22 (47%) nonresponders to AM monotherapy including 16 (29%) with DXM2.5 and 6 (18%) with DXM7.5. Only 4 patients (16%) reached BP goal with the combination of DXM 30 mg/day (DXM30). Overall, 73% of the 78 patients reached BP goal at the end of the 14-week study. Mean systolic BP was reduced by 7.9% ± 7.0% with DXM2.5 (P < 0.001) and by 5.4% ± 2.4% with DXM7.5 (P = 0.003) respectively at week 14 from that at week 2, which was unchanged in either DXM0 or DXM30 group. Besides, the effects of combination treatment were particularly significant in the patients with impaired endothelial function suggested by reduced serum NOx level at baseline.Accordingly, the combination with low dose of DXM was feasible to improve BP control in patients who failed to achieve the BP goal by standard AM monotherapy. The benefit effects might be significant especially in patients with impaired endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsian Yin
- From the Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital (W-HY); Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University (W-HY); Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University (J-WC); TSH Biopharm Corporation Ltd (PC); Department of Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei (H-IY); Division of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (K-YW); Department of Internal Medicine, Chung San Medical University, Taichung (K-YW); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y-JH); Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei (S-MC); Department of Cardiology, E-DA Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung (W-KT); Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan (M-SW); Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital (T-CW, J-WC); Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital (C-CW); and Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (J-WC)
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Kovács Á, Alogna A, Post H, Hamdani N. Is enhancing cGMP-PKG signalling a promising therapeutic target for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? Neth Heart J 2016; 24:268-74. [PMID: 26924822 PMCID: PMC4796050 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-016-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, i.e. HFpEF, is highly prevalent in ageing populations, accounting for more than 50 % of all cases of heart failure in Western societies, and is closely associated with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes and arterial hypertension. However, all large multicentre trials of potential HFpEF treatments conducted to date have failed to produce positive outcomes. These disappointing results suggest that a 'one size fits all' strategy may be ill-suited to HFpEF and support the use of tailored, personalised therapeutic approaches with specific treatments designed for specific comorbidity-related HFpEF phenotypes. The accumulation of a multitude of cardiovascular comorbidities over time leads to increased systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation, eventually resulting in degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) via multiple pathways, thereby reducing protein kinase G (PKG) activity. The importance of cGMP-PKG pathway modulation is supported by growing evidence that suggests that this pathway may be a promising therapeutic target, evidence that is mainly based on its role in the phosphorylation of the giant cytoskeletal protein titin. This review will focus on the preclinical and early clinical evidence in the field of cGMP-enhancing therapies and PKG activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Kovács
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Alogna
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Berlin Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Post
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Berlin Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Bailey EL, McBride MW, Beattie W, McClure JD, Graham D, Dominiczak AF, Sudlow CLM, Smith C, Wardlaw JM. Differential gene expression in multiple neurological, inflammatory and connective tissue pathways in a spontaneous model of human small vessel stroke. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:855-72. [PMID: 24417612 PMCID: PMC4260148 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes a fifth of all strokes plus diffuse brain damage leading to cognitive decline, physical disabilities and dementia. The aetiology and pathogenesis of SVD are unknown, but largely attributed to hypertension or microatheroma. METHODS We used the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP), the closest spontaneous experimental model of human SVD, and age-matched control rats kept under identical, non-salt-loaded conditions, to perform a blinded analysis of mRNA microarray, qRT-PCR and pathway analysis in two brain regions (frontal and mid-coronal) commonly affected by SVD in the SHRSP at age five, 16 and 21 weeks. RESULTS We found gene expression abnormalities, with fold changes ranging from 2.5 to 59 for the 10 most differentially expressed genes, related to endothelial tight junctions (reduced), nitric oxide bioavailability (reduced), myelination (impaired), glial and microglial activity (increased), matrix proteins (impaired), vascular reactivity (impaired) and albumin (reduced), consistent with protein expression defects in the same rats. All were present at age 5 weeks thus predating blood pressure elevation. 'Neurological' and 'inflammatory' pathways were more affected than 'vascular' functional pathways. CONCLUSIONS This set of defects, although individually modest, when acting in combination could explain the SHRSP's susceptibility to microvascular and brain injury, compared with control rats. Similar combined, individually modest, but multiple neurovascular unit defects, could explain susceptibility to spontaneous human SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bailey
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London
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Suvorava T, Nagy N, Pick S, Lieven O, Rüther U, Dao VTV, Fischer JW, Weber M, Kojda G. Impact of eNOS-Dependent Oxidative Stress on Endothelial Function and Neointima Formation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:711-23. [PMID: 25764009 PMCID: PMC4580305 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular oxidative stress generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was observed in experimental and clinical cardiovascular disease, but its relative importance for vascular pathologies is unclear. We investigated the impact of eNOS-dependent vascular oxidative stress on endothelial function and on neointimal hyperplasia. RESULTS A dimer-destabilized mutant of bovine eNOS where cysteine 101 was replaced by alanine was cloned and introduced into an eNOS-deficient mouse strain (eNOS-KO) in an endothelial-specific manner. Destabilization of mutant eNOS in cells and eNOS-KO was confirmed by the reduced dimer/monomer ratio. Purified mutant eNOS and transfected cells generated less citrulline and NO, respectively, while superoxide generation was enhanced. In eNOS-KO, introduction of mutant eNOS caused a 2.3-3.7-fold increase in superoxide and peroxynitrite formation in the aorta and myocardium. This was completely blunted by an NOS inhibitor. Nevertheless, expression of mutant eNOS in eNOS-KO completely restored maximal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid binding was much larger in eNOS-KO than in mutant eNOS-KO and C57BL/6, while the latter strains showed comparable hyperplasia. Likewise, vascular remodeling was blunted in eNOS-KO only. INNOVATION Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that eNOS-dependent oxidative stress is unlikely to be an initial cause of impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and/or a pathologic factor promoting intimal hyperplasia. These findings highlight the importance of other sources of vascular oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION eNOS-dependent oxidative stress is unlikely to induce functional vascular damage as long as concomitant generation of NO is preserved. This underlines the importance of current and new therapeutic strategies in improving endothelial NO generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pick
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieven
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rüther
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Al-Shboul OA, Mustafa A, Mohammad M, Al-Shehabat M, Yousef A, Al-Hashimi F. Effect of oxidative stress on the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in gastric smooth muscle cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:225-31. [PMID: 24639107 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin filament-associated proteins such as calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin are believed to regulate acto-myosin interaction and thus, muscle contraction. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the normal contractile behavior of smooth muscle and is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. However, very little is known about the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of smooth muscle contractile proteins. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in rat gastric smooth muscle. Single smooth muscle cells of the stomach obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Muscle cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (500 μM) for 30 min or the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (1 mM) for 90 min to induce oxidative stress. Calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin expressions were measured via specifically designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that exposure to exogenous H2O2 or incubation of dispersed gastric muscle cells with SIN-1 significantly increased the expression of calponin, caldesmon, and smoothelin proteins. In conclusion: oxidative stress increases the expression of thin filament-associated proteins in gastric smooth muscle, suggesting an important role in gastrointestinal motility disorders associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abdullah Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,
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Gómez-Guzmán M, Toral M, Romero M, Jiménez R, Galindo P, Sánchez M, Zarzuelo MJ, Olivares M, Gálvez J, Duarte J. Antihypertensive effects of probioticsLactobacillusstrains in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2326-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA); Granada Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA); Granada Spain
| | - Pilar Galindo
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - María José Zarzuelo
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Mónica Olivares
- Laboratorio de Descubrimiento y Preclínica; Departamento de Investigación BIOSEARCH S.A; Granada Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA); Granada Spain
- CIBER-ehd; Departamento de Farmacología; CIBM; Universidad de Granada; Armilla (Granada) Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA); Granada Spain
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Ahmeda AF, Alzoghaibi M. Factors regulating the renal circulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:441-51. [PMID: 27298576 PMCID: PMC4890190 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of health morbidity and mortality which are linked to many life threatening diseases such as stroke heart problems and renal dysfunction. The integrity of renal microcirculation is crucial to maintaining the clearance and the excretory function in the normotensive and hypertensive conditions. Furthermore, any alteration in the renal function is involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. The aim of this review is to provide a brief discussion of some factors that regulate renal haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of hypertension, and how these factors are linked to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzoghaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adela R, Nethi SK, Bagul PK, Barui AK, Mattapally S, Kuncha M, Patra CR, Reddy PNC, Banerjee SK. Hyperglycaemia enhances nitric oxide production in diabetes: a study from South Indian patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125270. [PMID: 25894234 PMCID: PMC4403926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that increased glucose levels were associated with higher serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats. However, the relationship between hyperglycemia and serum NO level was not clear. Therefore, the present study was designed to find the association between hyperglycemia and serum NO levels in Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients and T2DM with cardiovascular complication. METHODS Endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with of D-glucose (10-100mM), and NO levels and NOS gene expression was measured. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and serum NO levels were measured after 8 weeks. For clinical evaluation, five groups of patients were recruited: Control (CT, n=48), Type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n=26), T2DM with hypertension (DMHT, n=46), Coronary artery diseases (CAD, n=29) and T2DM with coronary artery diseases (DMCD, n=38). NO (nitrite + nitrate) levels were measured from human serum. RESULTS We found a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent increase in NO levels in HUVEC cells after 4 hours of high glucose exposure. eNOS and iNOS gene expression was increased in HUVEC cells after different concentrations and time periods of glucose treatment. We also observed significant (149.1 ± 25 μM, p<0.01) increase in serum NO levels in hyperglycaemic rats compared to control (76.6 ± 13.2 μM). Serum NO level was significantly higher in T2DM (111.8 μM (81.7-122.4), p<0.001) and DMCD patients ((129.4 μM (121.2-143.5), p <0.001) but not in CAD patients (76.4 μM (70.5-87)), as compared to control (68.2 μM (56.4-82.3)). We found significantly lower NO levels (83.5 μM (60.5-122.9)) in subjects suffering from diabetes since more than 5 years, compared to subjects (115.3 μM (75.2-127.1), p<0.001) with less than 5 years. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high NO levels were observed in South Indian diabetic patients. Higher glucose levels in serum might be responsible for activation of endothelial cells to enhance NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Adela
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pankaj K. Bagul
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ayan K. Barui
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Saidulu Mattapally
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Madhusudan Kuncha
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Chitta R. Patra
- Biomaterials Group, Lipid Science and Technology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | | | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Al-Shboul O, Mustafa A. Effect of oxidative stress on Rho kinase II and smooth muscle contraction in rat stomach. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:405-11. [PMID: 25752964 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that both Rho kinase signaling and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. However, very little is known about the effect of oxidative stress on the gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle Rho kinase pathway. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on Rho kinase II and muscle contraction in rat stomach. The peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and peroxynitrite were used to induce oxidative stress. Rho kinase II expression and ACh-induced activity were measured in control and oxidant-treated cells via specifically designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and activity assay kits, respectively. Single smooth muscle cell contraction was measured via scanning micrometry in the presence or absence of the Rho kinase blocker, Y-27632 dihydrochloride. All oxidant agents significantly increased ACh-induced Rho kinase II activity without affecting its expression level. Most important, oxidative stress induced by all three agents augmented ACh-stimulated muscle cell contraction, which was significantly inhibited by Y-27632. In conclusion, oxidative stress activates Rho kinase II and enhances contraction in rat gastric muscle, suggesting an important role in GI motility disorders associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of physiology and biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Kurata T, Lukic V, Kozuki M, Wada D, Miyazaki K, Morimoto N, Ohta Y, Deguchi K, Ikeda Y, Kamiya T, Abe K. Telmisartan Reduces Progressive Accumulation of Cellular Amyloid Beta and Phosphorylated Tau with Inflammatory Responses in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Resistant Rat. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2580-2590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Herrera EA, Macchiavello R, Montt C, Ebensperger G, Díaz M, Ramírez S, Parer JT, Serón-Ferré M, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ. Melatonin improves cerebrovascular function and decreases oxidative stress in chronically hypoxic lambs. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:33-42. [PMID: 24811332 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia during gestation and delivery results in oxidative stress and cerebrovascular dysfunction in the neonate. We assessed whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant and potential vasodilator, improves the cerebral vascular function in chronically hypoxic neonatal lambs gestated and born in the highlands (3600 m). Six lambs received melatonin (1 mg/kg per day oral) and six received vehicle, once a day for 8 days. During treatment, biometry and hemodynamic variables were recorded. After treatment, lambs were submitted to a graded FiO2 protocol to assess cardiovascular responses to oxygenation changes. At 12 days old, middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were collected for vascular reactivity, morphostructural, and immunostaining evaluation. Melatonin increased fractional growth at the beginning and improved carotid blood flow at all arterial PO2 levels by the end of the treatment (P < 0.05). Further, melatonin treatment improved vascular responses to potassium, serotonin, methacholine, and melatonin itself (P < 0.05). In addition, melatonin enhanced the endothelial response via nitric oxide-independent mechanisms in isolated arteries (162 ± 26 versus 266 ± 34 AUC, P < 0.05). Finally, nitrotyrosine staining as an oxidative stress marker decreased in the MCA media layer of melatonin-treated animals (0.01357 ± 0.00089 versus 0.00837 ± 0.00164 pixels/μm2 , P < 0.05). All the melatonin-induced changes were associated with no systemic cardiovascular alterations in vivo. In conclusion, oral treatment with melatonin modulates cerebral vascular function, resulting in a better cerebral perfusion and reduced oxidative stress in the neonatal period in chronically hypoxic lambs. Melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and developmental hypoxia in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Putre, Chile
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Slezak P, Puzserova A, Balis P, Sestakova N, Majzunova M, Dovinova I, Kluknavsky M, Bernatova I. Genotype-related effect of crowding stress on blood pressure and vascular function in young female rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:413629. [PMID: 24729972 PMCID: PMC3963217 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of chronic crowding stress on nitric oxide (NO) production, vascular function and oxidative status in young Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), borderline hypertensive (BHR) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) female rats. Five-week old rats were exposed to crowding for two weeks. Crowding elevated plasma corticosterone (P<0.05) and accelerated BP (P<0.01 versus basal) only in BHR. NO production and superoxide concentration were significantly higher in the aortas of control BHR and SHR versus WKY. Total acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation in the femoral artery was reduced in control SHR versus WKY and BHR, and stress did not affect it significantly in any genotype. The attenuation of ACh-induced relaxation in SHR versus WKY was associated with reduction of its NO-independent component. Crowding elevated NO production in all strains investigated but superoxide concentration was increased only in WKY, which resulted in reduced NO-dependent relaxation in WKY. In crowded BHR and SHR, superoxide concentration was either unchanged or reduced, respectively, but NO-dependent relaxation was unchanged in both BHR and SHR versus their respective control group. This study points to genotype-related differences in stress vulnerability in young female rats. The most pronounced negative influence of stress was observed in BHR despite preserved endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Slezak
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angelika Puzserova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natalia Sestakova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ima Dovinova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kluknavsky
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zhang J, Chandrashekar K, Lu Y, Duan Y, Qu P, Wei J, Juncos LA, Liu R. Enhanced expression and activity of Nox2 and Nox4 in the macula densa in ANG II-induced hypertensive mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F344-50. [PMID: 24285500 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00515.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)2 and Nox4 are the isoforms of Nox expressed in the macula densa (MD). MD-derived superoxide (O₂⁻), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. However, the effects of chronic elevations in ANG II during ANG II-induced hypertension on MD-derived O₂⁻ are unknown. We infused a slow pressor dose of ANG II (600 ng·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) for 2 wk in C57BL/6 mice and found that mean arterial pressure was elevated by 22.3 ± 3.4 mmHg (P < 0.01). We measured O₂⁻ generation in isolated and perfused MDs and found that O₂⁻ generation by the MD was increased from 9.4 ± 0.9 U/min in control mice to 34.7 ± 1.8 U/min in ANG II-induced hypertensive mice (P < 0.01). We stimulated MMDD1 cells, a MD-like cell line, with ANG II and found that O₂⁻ generation increased from 921 ± 91 to 3,687 ± 183 U·min⁻¹·10⁵ cells⁻¹, which was inhibited with apocynin, oxypurinol, or NS-398 by 46%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. We isolated MD cells using laser capture microdissection and measured mRNA levels of Nox. Nox2 and Nox4 levels increased by 3.7 ± 0.17- and 2.6 ± 0.15-fold in ANG II-infused mice compared with control mice. In MMDD1 cells treated with Nox2 or Nox4 small interfering (si)RNAs, ANG II-stimulated O₂⁻ generation was blunted by 50% and 41%, respectively. In cells treated with p22(phox) siRNA, ANG II-stimulated O₂⁻ generation was completely blocked. In conclusion, we found that a subpressor dose of ANG II enhances O₂⁻ generation in the MD and that the sources of this O₂⁻ are primarily Nox2 and Nox4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216.
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Tsihlis ND, Vavra AK, Martinez J, Lee VR, Kibbe MR. Nitric oxide is less effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:165-74. [PMID: 24149190 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of nitric oxide (NO) markedly decreases neointimal hyperplasia following arterial injury in several animal models. However, the effect of NO on neointimal hyperplasia in hypertension remains unknown. Here, we employ the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain, inbred from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and the carotid artery balloon injury model to assess the effects of NO on neointimal hyperplasia development. 2weeks after arterial injury, we showed that both rat strains developed similar levels of neointimal hyperplasia, but local administration of NO was less effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in the SHR compared to WKY rats (58% vs. 79%, P<0.001). Interestingly, local administration of NO did not affect systemic blood pressure in either rat strain. Compared to WKY, the SHR displayed more proliferation in the media and adventitia following balloon injury, as measured by BrdU incorporation. The SHR also showed more inflammation in the adventitia after injury, as well as more vasa vasorum, than WKY rats. NO treatment reduced the vasa vasorum in the SHR but not WKY rats. Finally, while NO decreased both injury-induced proliferation and inflammation in the SHR, it did not return these parameters to levels seen in WKY rats. We conclude that NO is less effective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in the SHR than WKY rats. This may be due to increased scavenging of NO in the SHR, leading to diminished bioavailability of NO. These data will help to develop novel NO-based therapies that will be equally effective in both normotensive and hypertensive patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D Tsihlis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, United States; Institute for BioNanotechnology, Medicine Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
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Liu Y, Yasui N, Kishimoto A, Sun JN, Ikeda K. Antioxidant Action of Solid Preparation of Xingnaojing in SHRSP. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant action of a solid preparation of Xingnaojing (XNJ) and ascorbic acid (AA) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The total antioxidant states in the plasma, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured every 2 weeks, and lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma, was measured in the 6th week. The results showed that AA and XNJ significantly increased the total antioxidant status in plasma and reduced malondialdehyde in the plasma. These data suggest that during 6-week administration, XNJ has antioxidant action on SHRSP, which may relate to its generalized inhibition of lipid peroxidation and promotion of the total antioxidant state. These results demonstrated that orally treated XNJ has an antioxidant effect on SHRSP plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Aya Kishimoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Jian-ning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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Burewicz A, Dawoud H, Jiang LL, Malinski T. Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite Redox Imbalance in Endothelial Cells Measured with Amperometric Nanosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.410a1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Majumder K, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Wu J. Fried egg digest decreases blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Lee MCI. Assessment of oxidative stress and antioxidant property using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 52:1-8. [PMID: 23341690 PMCID: PMC3541412 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of hypertension or stroke is associated with an excess of ROS generation in the vascular system, and results in induction of various pathological cascades of cerebrovascular damage. We have demonstrated that electron spin resonance methods using a spin trap or spin probe will be useful for understanding redox status under conditions of oxidative stress in the spontaneously hypertensive rat or stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat brain. We have used electron spin resonance imaging and noninvasive L-band electron spin resonance to characterize the higher degree of brain oxidative stress in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat and spontaneously hypertensive rat than in the Wistar-Kyoto rat brain, and the lower extent of oxidative stress in the spontaneously hypertensive rat than in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat brain. Indeed, we may be able to confirm propofol medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) as neuroprotective anesthesia and crocetin as antioxidant food factor against human stroke after screening for antioxidant properties in stroke models such as stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Thus, our electron spin resonance biomedical application suggests that it could be used to assess antioxidant effects on oxidative stress in the brain using spontaneously hypertensive rat and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. We hope that further advances in the instrumentation used for electron spin resonance imaging and the development of optimized nontoxic spin probes will make this technology even more promising for novel clinical prediction or noninvasive diagnosis of human stroke. After screening drugs or foods for antioxidant property using in vitro or in vivo electron spin resonance assessment, it will be possible to find and develop novel drugs or food factors with such properties for the prevention of stroke in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee
- Department of Clinical Care Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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Effect of keishibukuryogan on endothelial function in patients with at least one component of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome: a controlled clinical trial with crossover design. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:359282. [PMID: 22675380 PMCID: PMC3364603 DOI: 10.1155/2012/359282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of keishibukuryogan (KBG; Guizhi-Fuling-Wan), a traditional Japanese (Kampo) formula, on endothelial function assessed by reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (Endo-PAT2000) in patients with metabolic syndrome-related factors by controlled clinical trial with crossover design. Ninety-two patients were assigned to group A (first KBG-treatment period, then control period; each lasting 4 weeks, with about one-year interval) or group B (first control, then KBG-treatment). In forty-nine (27, group A; 22, group B) patients completing all tests, the mean value of the natural logarithmic-scaled reactive hyperemia index (L_RHI) increased and those of serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), malondialdehyde, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 decreased significantly during the KBG-treatment period, but not during the control period, and 4-week changes of L_RHI, NEFA, and malondialdehyde between the 2 periods showed significance. These results suggest that KBG has beneficial effect on endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome-related factors.
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Davel AP, Lemos M, Pastro LM, Pedro SC, de André PA, Hebeda C, Farsky SH, Saldiva PH, Rossoni LV. Endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary artery induced by concentrated fine particulate matter exposure is associated with local but not systemic inflammation. Toxicology 2012; 295:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goto H, Sasaki Y, Fushimi H, Shibahara N, Shimada Y, Komatsu K. Effect of Curcuma Herbs on Vasomotion and Hemorheology in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 33:449-57. [PMID: 16047562 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x05003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma herbs have a vasodilator effect. The effects of C. longa, which induces only endothelium-independent vasodilatation, and C. zedoaria, which induces both endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation, were studied on vasomotion and hemorheology in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive eight-week-old male rats were assigned to five groups. For 12 weeks, the control group received standard chow. The 3%CL (C. longa) group received standard chow containing 3% (wt/wt) C. longa. The 1%CZ and 3%CZ (C. zedoaria) groups received standard chow containing 1% and 3% (wt/wt) C. zedoaria, respectively. The captoril group received standard chow and 100 mg/kg/day of captoril in drinking water. Blood pressure, vasomotion, hemorheology, etc. were examined. Systolic blood pressure of the 3%CZ and captoril groups decreased significantly as compared to the control group. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations of the 3%CZ and captoril groups were increased to a greater degree, significantly, than the control group. When testing xanthine oxidase-induced contraction, the 3%CZ group was significantly decreased as compared to the control group. Low shear stress of whole blood viscosity showed the 3%CL and 3%CZ groups to be decreased significantly compared to the control group. Thus, Curcuma herbs have hypotensive and protective effect on the endothelium in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Especially, C. zedoaria is more effective than C.longa, and its mechanism is thought to be related to a radical scavenging effect and improvement of hemorheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirozo Goto
- Department of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Xiao D, Huang X, Yang S, Zhang L. Antenatal nicotine induces heightened oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in rat offspring. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1400-9. [PMID: 21777225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antenatal nicotine exposure causes aberrant vascular reactivity and increased blood pressure in adult male rat offspring in a sex-dependent manner. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal nicotine administration increases the production of reactive oxygen species resulting in the vascular hypertensive reactivity in male offspring. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps throughout the gestation. The vascular oxidative damage and dysfunction were determined in 5-month-old male offspring. Contraction studies were performed on isolated aortas and their expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox2)/gp91 and nox4 determined by Western blot analysis. In addition, oxidative damage in the vessel wall was determined by measuring malondialdehyde concentrations, vascular superoxide production and SOD activity. KEY RESULTS Antenatal nicotine significantly increased angiotensin II-induced arterial contractions in the offspring. The exaggerated vascular contractions were inhibited by both apocynin (a Nox inhibitor) and tempol (a SOD mimetic) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, ACh-induced relaxations were impaired in aortas isolated from the nicotine-treated offspring, which were restored by both apocynin and tempol in a concentration-dependent manner. The nicotine treatment significantly decreased the superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde, superoxide and nitrotyrosine protein levels in the vascular wall. Consistently, antenatal nicotine exposure significantly enhanced the protein expression of NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91, but not Nox4 in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that antenatal nicotine exposure results in the programming of heightened oxidative stress and vascular hypertensive reactivity via a Nox2-dependent mechanism, leading to an increased risk of hypertension in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliao Xiao
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Bailey EL, Smith C, Sudlow CLM, Wardlaw JM. Is the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat a pertinent model of sub cortical ischemic stroke? A systematic review. Int J Stroke 2012; 6:434-44. [PMID: 21951409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat is best known as an inducible model of large artery stroke. Spontaneous strokes and stroke propensity in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat are less well characterized; however, could be relevant to human lacunar stroke. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the brain tissue and small vessel pathology underlying the spontaneous strokes of the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat. We searched systematically three online databases from 1970 to May 2010; excluded duplicates, reviews, and articles describing the consequences of induced middle cerebral artery occlusion or noncerebral pathology; and recorded data describing brain region and the vessels examined, number of animals, age, dietary salt intake, vascular and tissue abnormalities. Among 102 relevant studies, animals sacrificed after developing stroke-like symptoms displayed arteriolar wall thickening, subcortical lesions, enlarged perivascular spaces and cortical infarcts and hemorrhages. Histopathology, proteomics and imaging studies suggested that the changes not due simply to hypertension. There may be susceptibility to endothelial permeability increase that precedes arteriolar wall thickening, degeneration and perivascular tissue changes; systemic inflammation may also precede cerebrovascular changes. There were very few data on venules or tissue changes before hypertension. The spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat shows similar features to human lacunar stroke and may be a good spontaneous model of this complex human disorder. Further studies should focus on structural changes at early ages and genetics to identify factors that predispose to vascular and brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bailey
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Galindo P, González-Manzano S, Zarzuelo MJ, Gómez-Guzmán M, Quintela AM, González-Paramás A, Santos-Buelga C, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J, Jiménez R. Different cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin administered orally or intraperitoneally in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2012; 3:643-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shiekh GA, Ayub T, Khan SN, Dar R, Andrabi KI. Reduced nitrate level in individuals with hypertension and diabetes. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011; 2:172-6. [PMID: 22022145 PMCID: PMC3195196 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.85264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) turnover is vital for proper endothelial function to maintain a healthy vascular system. Various risk factors responsible for hypertension and diabetes may disrupt this homeostasis, leading to decreased bioavailability and/or bioactivity of NO, which potentiates endothelial dysfunction. Plasma NO is a useful indicator of NO homeostasis and vascular endothelial function. Since endothelial function plays a key role in the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and hypertension, we sought to investigate the NO profile in patients having diabetes and hypertension and determine the relationship of NO turnover with the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, three groups were studied for the NO production. The first group consisted of 74 hypertensive patients, the second group consisted of 72 diabetic patients and the third group consisted of 60 healthy controls. Nitrate synthase activity was evaluated by measuring nitrate level using an automated sample injector connected to an automated NO detector - Ion liquid chromatograph. RESULTS The plasma concentration of NO was found to be significantly lower in both essential hypertensive patients and diabetic patients without complications as compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This data confirms that different factors like hyperglycemia and blood pressure are seen to have immense influence on NO production.
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Jia H, Liu JW, Ufur H, He GS, Liqian H, Chen P. The antihypertensive effect of ethyl acetate extract from red raspberry fruit in hypertensive rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7:19-24. [PMID: 21472074 PMCID: PMC3065151 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.75885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the antihypertensive effect of Xinjiang red raspberry fruit ethyl acetate extract (EER) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its possible mechanism from antioxidant perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SHR rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, and treated with EER low dose (EERL, 100 mg/kg/d), high dose (EERH, 200 mg/kg/d), and water (SHR) through gastric gavage daily for 5 weeks. Another 8 age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normotensive group (WKY). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by noninvasive tail-cuff method once a week. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialchehyche (MDA), and plasma endothelin (ET) were determined. RESULTS Treatment of SHR rats with EER lowered the blood pressure compared with that treated with water (SHR), and the high dose showed more significant reduction in blood pressure. Treatment of SHR rats with EER increased serum NO and SOD levels and lowered ET and MDA levels. As compared with control group, NO levels were increased significantly in EERL (P < 0.01), SOD was elevated more significantly in both EERL and EERH (P < 0.01); MDA was decreased significantly in EERH group (P < 0.05), whereas plasma ET decreased more significantly in the EERH group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The red raspberry extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent antihypertensive effects in SHR and this may be related to increased NO activation and improved vascular endothelial dysfunction via antioxidation. These results confirmed that raspberries rich in polyphenols have potential cardiovascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Sato Y, Ikeda M, Ito T, Tomita T, Yokotani K, Murata M, Umegaki K. Ascorbic Acid Levels and Neutrophil Superoxide Production in Blood of Pre-, Early and Late Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 33:397-403. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2010.549268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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