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Shi X. Research advances in cochlear pericytes and hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 438:108877. [PMID: 37651921 PMCID: PMC10538405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are specialized mural cells surrounding endothelial cells in microvascular beds. They play a role in vascular development, blood flow regulation, maintenance of blood-tissue barrier integrity, and control of angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis, and wound healing. In recent decades, understanding of the critical role played by pericytes in retina, brain, lung, and kidney has seen significant progress. The cochlea contains a large population of pericytes. However, the role of cochlear pericytes in auditory pathophysiology is, by contrast, largely unknown. The present review discusses recent progress in identifying cochlear pericytes, mapping their distribution, and defining their role in regulating blood flow, controlling the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) and angiogenesis, and involvement in different types of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Hearing Research Center (NRC04), Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
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Ho KKY, Srivastava S, Kinnunen PC, Garikipati K, Luker GD, Luker KE. Oscillatory ERK Signaling and Morphology Determine Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Cell Chemotaxis via MEK-ERK and p38-MAPK Signaling Pathways. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020269. [PMID: 36829763 PMCID: PMC9952091 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, regulated by oscillatory signals, drives critical processes in cancer metastasis. Crucial chemoattractant molecules in breast cancer, CXCL12 and EGF, drive the activation of ERK and Akt. Regulated by feedback and crosstalk mechanisms, oscillatory signals in ERK and Akt control resultant changes in cell morphology and chemotaxis. While commonly studied at the population scale, metastasis arises from small numbers of cells that successfully disseminate, underscoring the need to analyze processes that cancer cells use to connect oscillatory signaling to chemotaxis at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, little is known about how to successfully target fast-migrating cells to block metastasis. We investigated to what extent oscillatory networks in single cells associate with heterogeneous chemotactic responses and how targeted inhibitors block signaling processes in chemotaxis. We integrated live, single-cell imaging with time-dependent data processing to discover oscillatory signal processes defining heterogeneous chemotactic responses. We identified that short ERK and Akt waves, regulated by MEK-ERK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, determine the heterogeneous random migration of cancer cells. By comparison, long ERK waves and the morphological changes regulated by MEK-ERK signaling, determine heterogeneous directed motion. This study indicates that treatments against chemotaxis in consider must interrupt oscillatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K. Y. Ho
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Siddhartha Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick C. Kinnunen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Krishna Garikipati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (G.D.L.); (K.E.L.)
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (G.D.L.); (K.E.L.)
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3
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zhao C, Xu C, Shin A, Wu J, Li D, Lin K, Liu J. A sustained-release PDGF-BB nanocomposite hydrogel for DM-associated bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:974-984. [PMID: 36594257 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of bone tissue in the environment of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the clinical challenges, with malfunction of stem cells in a high-glucose microenvironment being the primary obstacle. We designed an injectable sustained-release PDGF-BB nanocomposite hydrogel. PDGF-BB, a star molecule for treating various complications of DM, was used for the first time for DM-associated bone regeneration, and we showed that it restored stem cell proliferation and migration and facilitated osteogenesis inhibition under high glucose stimulation by activating ERK and AKT pathways. To address the requirements for continuous PDGF-BB release in GelMA while also increasing mechanical strength, nanoclay LAPONITE® was added, which may still exhibit pro-osteogenic activity in diabetic environments by releasing bioactive ions (Si4+, Mg2+, and Li+). This injectable hydrogel heals calvarial lesions successfully in diabetic rats and has the potential to be used as a direct and effective tool for treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenci Xu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Airi Shin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Hsuan CF, Lu YC, Tsai IT, Houng JY, Wang SW, Chang TH, Chen YL, Chang CC. Glossogyne tenuifolia Attenuates Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245832. [PMID: 33321921 PMCID: PMC7763981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Among the mediators of VSMC during atherosclerosis development, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a potent mitogen for VSMCs and greatly contributes to the intimal accumulation of VSMCs. Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT, Xiang-Ru) is a traditional antipyretic and hepatoprotective herb from Penghu Island, Taiwan. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of GT ethanol extract (GTE) and GT water extract (GTW) on proliferative and migratory activities in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. The experimental results demonstrated that GTE significantly inhibited the PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration, as shown by MTT, wound healing, and Boyden chamber assays. GTE was found to have a much more potent inhibitory activity than GTW. Based on the Western blot analysis, GTE significantly blocked the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and JNK, in VSMCs. In addition, GTE retarded the PDGF-BB-mediated migration through the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression in VSMCs. Three main ingredients of GT-chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, and luteolin-all showed significant anti-proliferative effects on PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs. As a whole, our findings indicated that GTE has the potential to be a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat restenosis or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Feng Hsuan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (I.-T.T.); (S.-W.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (I.-T.T.); (S.-W.W.)
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (I.-T.T.); (S.-W.W.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chang
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (J.-Y.H.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6150011 (ext. 251168)
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Wang S, Hao X, He S, Liu C, Wang Q. Suppressive effects of RASAL2 on renal cell carcinoma via SOX2/ERK/p38 MAPK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:151. [PMID: 33093889 PMCID: PMC7571372 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with poor prognosis. Ras protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) protein has been previously demonstrated to serves as a tumor suppressor in a variety of malignancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of RASAL2 in RCC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure mRNA and protein expression in RCC tissues, whilst immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to evaluate protein expression in RCC cells. A Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining were applied to determine cell viability, and Transwell assays were conducted to measure RCC cell invasion and migration. RASAL2 expression was identified to be downregulated in RCC tissues, which associate negatively with RCC pathological grade. Sox2 expression, in addition to ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, were demonstrated to be increased in RCC tissues. In RCC cells, RASAL2 overexpression decreased the expression of Sox2 and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Physiologically, RASAL2 overexpression decreased RCC cell viability, invasion and migration. The expression of metalloproteinase-2/9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 were also identified to be decreased and increased by RASAL2 overexpression, respectively. By contrast, RASAL2 knockdown exerted opposite effects on RCC cells compared with those observed following RASAL2 overexpression. RASAL2 expression decreased RCC cell viability, migration and invasion, which was demonstrated to be associated with the inactivation of SOX2/ERK1/2/p38 MAPK signaling. These results suggest that RASAL2 may potentially serve as a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic intervention strategies against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Shaanxi Friendship Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province Tuberculosis Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, P.R. China
| | - Sai He
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Province Oncology Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Changli Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province Tuberculosis Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Friendship Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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6
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Angiotensin III induces p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase leading to proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:246-253. [PMID: 32016850 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are essential molecular transducers of extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. MAPKs are crucial in mediating actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), in particular, functions mediated by Angiotensin (Ang) II, the main biological peptide produced by this system. We have shown that another biologically active heptapeptide Ang III also induces MAPKs in the central nervous system. The ability of Ang III to induce MAPKs in the periphery is unknown and was the focus of this study. METHODS We determined whether Ang III induced p38 MAPK in vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) isolated from Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared these actions to those of Ang II. Further, the role of this MAPK in Ang III-mediated VSMC proliferation was also determined. RESULTS Both Ang peptides similarly induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in VSMCs of Wistar VSMCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. SHR VSMCs were less sensitive to Ang III, which caused less of an effect on p38 MAPK phosphorylation in these cells. The Ang III effect was specific and occurred by activation of the Ang type 1 (AT1) receptor. The p38 MAPK pathway was also involved in Ang III-induced VSMC growth, as measured by DNA synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is an important cascade in regulating the actions of Ang III in VSMCs. Most importantly, dysregulation of Ang III actions in these cells are apparent and may contribute to pathological conditions associated with dysfunctions in VSMCS.
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7
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Alanazi AZ, Clark MA. Effects of angiotensin III on c-Jun N terminal kinase in Wistar and hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Peptides 2020; 123:170204. [PMID: 31738968 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and inflammation are well known actions associated with hypertension. Angiotensin (Ang) II mediates these physiological actions through the c-Jun N terminal Kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) pathway. Ang III effects on this pathway in VSMCs are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether Ang III activates JNK MAPK in Wistar VSMCs and determined whether the response was different in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) VSMCs. We also ascertained whether this effect leads to VSMC proliferation. Western blots were used to determine the time and concentration effects of Ang II on JNK MAPK phosphorylation in Wistar VSMCs. Similar studies were conducted for Ang III in Wistar and SHR VSMCs. Both peptides induced JNK phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in Wistar VSMCs. Ang III also increased JNK phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion in SHR VSMCs as well. However, the ability of Ang III to induce JNK MAPK was different in SHR VSMCs as the phosphorylation levels of JNK were significantly higher in Wistar VSMCs as compared to SHR VSMCs at several time points and concentrations. Further, Ang III-mediated DNA synthesis, a measure of VSMC proliferation, occurred through activation of JNK MAPK. This study is the first to show Ang III effects on the JNK MAPK pathway in VSMCs and the role of JNK in Ang III-mediated cellular proliferation. These findings impart key information for the understanding of Ang III functions, especially in VSMCs and possible cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States.
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Saito K, Yagi H, Maekawa K, Nishigori M, Ishikawa M, Muto S, Osaki T, Iba Y, Minatoya K, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Ogino H, Sasaki H, Matsuda H, Saito Y, Minamino N. Lipidomic signatures of aortic media from patients with atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic aneurysms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15472. [PMID: 31664168 PMCID: PMC6820727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are associated with fatal aortic rupture. Current therapeutic approaches are limited to implantation of aortic prostheses and stent-grafts; no effective drugs are available because the pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the initiation and progression of aortic aneurysm by lipidomics. We performed lipidomics analyses of lipids in the aortic media of normal, border, and aneurysm areas from patients with thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 30), thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 19), and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 11) and from controls (N = 8) using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Significant alterations were observed in the lipid profiles of patients with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and to a lesser extent in those with nonatherosclerotic aneurysms. Increased triacylglycerols (TGs) and decreased ether-type phosphatidylethanolamines (ePEs) were observed throughout the normal, border, and aneurysm areas of thoracic and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms. Prostaglandin D2 increased, but ePEs and TGs decreased in normal areas of thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysms compared with the control tissues. These findings expand our knowledge of metabolic changes in aortic aneurysms and provide insights into the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishigori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Muto
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iba
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Ogino
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsuda
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan. .,Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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Hou Z, Wang X, Cai J, Zhang J, Hassan A, Auer M, Shi X. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B Signaling Promotes Pericyte Migration in Response to Loud Sound in the Cochlear Stria Vascularis. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2018; 19:363-379. [PMID: 29869048 PMCID: PMC6081892 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-0670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal blood supply to the cochlea is critical for hearing. Noise damages auditory sensory cells and has a marked effect on the microvasculature in the cochlear lateral wall. Pericytes in the stria vascularis (strial pericytes) are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to acoustic trauma. Exposure of NG2DsRedBAC transgenic mice (6-8 weeks old) to wide-band noise at a level of 120 dB for 3 h per day for 2 consecutive days produced a significant hearing threshold shift and caused pericytes to protrude and migrate from their normal endothelial attachment sites. The pericyte migration was associated with increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF-BB). Blockade of PDGF-BB signaling with either imatinib, a potent PDGF-BB receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, or APB5, a specific PDGFRβ blocker, significantly attenuated the pericyte migration from strial vessel walls. The PDGF-BB-mediated strial pericyte migration was further confirmed in an in vitro cell migration assay, as well as in an in vivo live animal model used in conjunction with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Pericyte migration took one of two different forms, here denoted protrusion and detachment. The protrusion is characterized by pericytes with a prominent triangular shape, or pericytes extending fine strands to neighboring capillaries. The detachment is characterized by pericyte detachment and movement away from vessels. We also found the sites of pericyte migration highly associated with regions of vascular leakage. In particular, under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multiple vesicles at the sites of endothelial cells with loosely attached pericytes were observed. These data show that cochlear pericytes are markedly affected by acoustic trauma, causing them to display abnormal morphology. The effect of loud sound on pericytes is mediated by upregulation of PDGF-BB. Normal functioning pericytes are required for vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hou
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jing Cai
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaorui Shi
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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10
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Su M, Yue Z, Wang H, Jia M, Bai C, Qiu W, Chen J. Ufmylation Is Activated in Vascular Remodeling and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:426-431. [PMID: 29461087 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congxia Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase overexpressing human early outgrowth cells inhibit coronary artery smooth muscle cell migration through paracrine functions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:877. [PMID: 29343714 PMCID: PMC5772515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells mobilized from the bone marrow can contribute to endothelial regeneration and repair. Nevertheless, cardiovascular diseases are associated with diminished numbers and function of these cells, attenuating their healing potential. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can restore the activity of circulating cells. Furthermore, estrogen accelerates the reendothelialization capacity of early outgrowth cells (EOCs). We hypothesized that overexpressing eNOS alone or in combination with estrogen stimulation in EOCs would potentiate the beneficial effects of these cells in regulating smooth muscle cell (SMC) function. Native human EOCs did not have any effect on human coronary artery SMC (hCASMC) proliferation or migration. Transfecting EOCs with a human eNOS plasmid and/or stimulating with 17β-estradiol (E2) increased NO production 3-fold and enhanced EOC survival. Moreover, in co-culture studies, eNOS overexpressing or E2-stimulated EOCs reduced hCASMC migration (by 23% and 56% respectively), vs. control EOCs. These effects do not implicate ERK1/2 or focal adhesion kinases. Nevertheless, NOS-EOCs had no effect on hCASMC proliferation. These results suggest that overexpressing or activating eNOS in EOCs increases their survival and enhances their capacity to regulate SMC migration through paracrine effects. These data elucidate how eNOS overexpression or activation in EOCs can prevent vascular remodeling.
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Protection against cerebral infarction by Withaferin A involves inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and reduced intimal hyperplasia via inhibition of VSMC migration and matrix metalloproteinases. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:186-192. [PMID: 28282606 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke is a major public health concern with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cerebral ischemia and infarction are commonly associated with stroke. Currently used medications, though effective, are also associated with adverse effects. Development of effective neuroprotective agents with fewer side effects would be of clinical value. We evaluated the effects of Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone derived from the plant Withania somnifera, on experimentally induced cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ability of WA to inhibit neuroapoptosis and modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and PI3K/Akt signaling was assessed. Separate groups of Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to cerebral occlusion and reperfused for 24h. RESULTS WA treatment (25, 50 or 100mg/kg bodyweight) significantly reduced the infarct area in a carotid ligation model; WA reduced intimal hyperplasia and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cell counts. Western blotting analysis revealed significantly suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. WA supplementation was found to downregulate apoptotic pathway proteins. WA suppressed PTEN and enhanced p-Akt and GSK-3β levels and elevated mTORc1, cyclinD1 and NF-κB p65 expression, suggesting activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In vitro studies with PDGF-stimulated A7r5 cells revealed that WA exposure severely downregulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 and inhibited migration of A7r5 cells. Additionally, WA reduced the proliferation of A7r5 cells significantly. CONCLUSIONS WA exerted neuroprotective effects by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, modulating the expression of MMPs, and inhibiting the migration of VSMCs.
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Chen CC, Liang CJ, Leu YL, Chen YL, Wang SH. Viscolin Inhibits In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration and Neointimal Hyperplasia In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168092. [PMID: 27977759 PMCID: PMC5158191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscolin, an extract of Viscum coloratum, has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against harmful stimuli. The aim of the study was to examine the anti-proliferative effects of viscolin on platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF)-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and identify the underlying mechanism responsible for these effects. Viscolin reduced the PDGF-BB-induced HASMC proliferation and migration in vitro; it also arrested HASMCs in the G0/G1 phase by decreasing the protein expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2, Cyclin E, CDK4, and p21Cip1 as detected by Western blot analysis. These effects may be mediated by reduced PDGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and P38, but not AKT as well as inhibition of PDGF-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-fos activation. Furthermore, viscolin pre-treatment significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia of an endothelial-denuded femoral artery in vivo. Taken together, viscolin attenuated PDGF–BB-induced HASMC proliferation in vitro and reduced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. Thus, viscolin may represent a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research (CLGR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences (CLB), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ganguly R, Wen AM, Myer AB, Czech T, Sahu S, Steinmetz NF, Raman P. Anti-atherogenic effect of trivalent chromium-loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6542-6554. [PMID: 26935414 PMCID: PMC5136293 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major macrovascular complication associated with diabetes, poses a tremendous burden on national health care expenditure. Despite extensive efforts, cost-effective remedies are unknown. Therapies for atherosclerosis are challenged by a lack of targeted drug delivery approaches. Toward this goal, we turn to a biology-derived drug delivery system utilizing nanoparticles formed by the plant virus, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The aim herein is to investigate the anti-atherogenic potential of the beneficial mineral nutrient, trivalent chromium, loaded CPMV nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) under hyperglycemic conditions. A non-covalent loading protocol is established yielding CrCl3-loaded CPMV (CPMV-Cr) carrying 2000 drug molecules per particle. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that CPMV-Cr is readily taken up by HASMC in vitro. In glucose (25 mM)-stimulated cells, 100 nM CPMV-Cr inhibits HASMC proliferation concomitant to attenuated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, proliferation marker) expression. This is accompanied by attenuation in high glucose-induced phospho-p38 and pAkt expression. Moreover, CPMV-Cr inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), in glucose-stimulated HASMCs. Finally glucose-stimulated lipid uptake is remarkably abrogated by CPMV-Cr, revealed by Oil Red O staining. Together, these data provide key cellular evidence for an atheroprotective effect of CPMV-Cr in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under hyperglycemic conditions that may promote novel therapeutic ventures for diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashley B Myer
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Tori Czech
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA.
| | - Soumyadip Sahu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Radiology, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10990 Euclid Avenue and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA. and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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15
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Sardana M, Moll M, Farber HW. Novel investigational therapies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1571-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1098616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Luteolin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling through Inhibiting the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:364876. [PMID: 26495010 PMCID: PMC4606148 DOI: 10.1155/2015/364876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Preliminary researches showed that luteolin was used to treat hypertension. However, it is still unclear whether luteolin has effect on the hypertensive complication such as vascular remodeling. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of luteolin on the hypertensive vascular remodeling and its molecular mechanism. Method and Results. We evaluated the effect of luteolin on aorta thickening of hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and found that luteolin could significantly decrease the blood pressure and media thickness of aorta in vivo. Luteolin could inhibit angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining result showed that luteolin reduced Ang II-stimulated ROS production in VSMCs. Furthermore, western blot and gelatin zymography results showed that luteolin treatment leaded to a decrease in ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, MMP2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein level. Conclusion. These data support that luteolin can ameliorate hypertensive vascular remodeling by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of Ang II-induced VSMCs. Its mechanism is mediated by the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway and the production of ROS.
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Li Y, Wang X, Yao L. Directional migration and transcriptional analysis of oligodendrocyte precursors subjected to stimulation of electrical signal. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C532-40. [PMID: 26269459 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss of oligodendrocytes as the result of central nervous system disease causes demyelination that impairs axon function. Effective directional migration of endogenous or grafted oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to a lesion is crucial in the neural remyelination process. In this study, the migration of OPCs in electric fields (EFs) was investigated. We found that OPCs migrated anodally in applied EFs, and the directedness and displacement of anodal migration increased significantly when the EF strength increased from 50 to 200 mV/mm. However, EFs did not significantly affect the cell migration speed. The transcriptome of OPCs subjected to EF stimulation (100 and 200 mV/mm) was analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and results were verified by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that signals cell migration was significantly upregulated in cells treated with an EF of 200 mV/mm compared with control cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the downregulation of differentially expressed genes in chemotaxis. This study suggests that an applied EF is an effective cue to guiding OPC migration in neural regeneration and that transcriptional analysis contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of EF-guided cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; and
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Genome Sequencing Core and Genomics Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; and
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Kwon H, Lee JJ, Lee JH, Cho WK, Gu MJ, Lee KJ, Ma JY. Cinnamon and its Components Suppress Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Up-Regulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:621-36. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia bark has been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the antiproliferative effect of cinnamon extract on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the corresponding restenosis has not been explored. Hence, after examining the effect of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation, we investigated the possible involvement of signal transduction pathways associated with early signal and cell cycle analysis, including regulatory proteins. Besides, to identify the active components, we investigated the components of cinnamon extract on VSMC proliferation. Cinnamon extract inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and suppressed the PDGF-stimulated early signal transduction. In addition, cinnamon extract arrested the cell cycle and inhibited positive regulatory proteins. Correspondingly, the protein levels of p21 and p27 not only were increased in the presence of cinnamon extract, also the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was inhibited by cinnamon extract. Besides, among the components of cinnamon extract, cinnamic acid (CA), eugenol (EG) and cinnamyl alcohol significantly inhibited the VSMC proliferation. Overall, the present study demonstrates that cinnamon extract inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs through a G0/G1 arrest, which down-regulated the expression of cell cycle positive regulatory proteins by up-regulating p21 and p27 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeeun Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Yao L, Li Y, Knapp J, Smith P. Exploration of molecular pathways mediating electric field-directed Schwann cell migration by RNA-seq. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1515-24. [PMID: 25557037 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In peripheral nervous systems, Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath. Following spinal cord injury, Schwann cells regenerate and migrate to the lesion and are involved in the spinal cord regeneration process. Transplantation of Schwann cells into injured neural tissue results in enhanced spinal axonal regeneration. Effective directional migration of Schwann cells is critical in the neural regeneration process. In this study, we report that Schwann cells migrate anodally in an applied electric field (EF). The directedness and displacement of anodal migration increased significantly when the strength of the EF increased from 50 mV/mm to 200 mV/mm. The EF did not significantly affect the cell migration speed. To explore the genes and signaling pathways that regulate cell migration in EFs, we performed a comparative analysis of differential gene expression between cells stimulated with an EF (100 mV/mm) and those without using next-generation RNA sequencing, verified by RT-qPCR. Based on the cut-off criteria (FC > 1.2, q < 0.05), we identified 1,045 up-regulated and 1,636 down-regulated genes in control cells versus EF-stimulated cells. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis found that compared to the control group, 21 pathways are down-regulated, while 10 pathways are up-regulated. Differentially expressed genes participate in multiple cellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell migration, including pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
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20
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Jain M, Singh A, Singh V, Barthwal MK. Involvement of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation after rat carotid injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1445-55. [PMID: 25908764 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced frequency of atherosclerotic plaques is observed in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1)-deficient mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study investigate the role of IRAK1 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS Stimulation of rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells with fetal bovine serum (10%) or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (20 ng/mL) for 15 minutes to 24 hours induced a time-dependent increase in IRAK1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen upregulation and p27Kip1 downregulation as assessed by Western blotting. Inhibitors of ERK pathway (U0126, 10 μmol/L), IRAK (IRAK1/4, 3 μmol/L), protein kinase C (PKC; Ro-31-8220, 1 μmol/L), siRNA of toll-like receptor-4 (200 nmol/L), and PKC-ε (200 nmol/L) significantly attenuated these changes. Platelet-derived growth factor induced endogenous IRAK-ERK-PKC-ε association in a toll-like receptor-4 and PKC-ε-dependent manner. A time-dependent increase in IRAK1 and ERK activation was observed after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours of carotid balloon injury in rats. Balloon injury induced endogenous IRAK-ERK-PKC-ε interaction. Perivascular application of IRAK1/4 inhibitor (100 μmol/L), U0126 (100 μmol/L), and IRAK1 siRNA (220 and 360 nmol/L) in pluronic gel abrogated balloon injury-induced ERK phosphorylation, activation, and p27Kip1 downregulation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and smooth muscle actin demonstrated that balloon injury-induced intimal thickening and neointimal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were significantly abrogated in the presence of IRAK1/4 inhibitor, IRAK1 siRNA, and U0126. CONCLUSIONS IRAK1 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by regulating PKC-ε-IRAK1-ERK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- From the Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- From the Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- From the Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- From the Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Zhang F, Hao F, An D, Zeng L, Wang Y, Xu X, Cui MZ. The matricellular protein Cyr61 is a key mediator of platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell migration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8232-42. [PMID: 25623072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent chemoattractant, induces cell migration via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. However, the downstream mediators are still elusive. In particular, the role of extracellular mediators is largely unknown. In this study, we identified the matricellular protein Cyr61, which is de novo synthesized in response to PDGF stimulation, as the key downstream mediator of the ERK and JNK pathways, independent of the p38 MAPK and AKT pathways, and, thereby, it mediates PDGF-induced smooth muscle cell migration but not proliferation. Our results revealed that, when Cyr61 was newly synthesized by PDGF, it was promptly translocated to the extracellular matrix and physically interacted with the plasma membrane integrins α6β1 and αvβ3. We further demonstrate that Cyr61 and integrins are integral components of the PDGF signaling pathway via an "outside-in" signaling route to activate intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK), leading to cell migration. Therefore, this study provides the first evidence that the PDGF-induced endogenous extracellular matrix component Cyr61 is a key mediator in modulating cell migration by connecting intracellular PDGF-ERK and JNK signals with integrin/FAK signaling. Therefore, extracellular Cyr61 convergence with growth factor signaling and integrin/FAK signaling is a new concept of growth factor-induced cell migration. The discovered signaling pathway may represent an important therapeutic target in growth factor-mediated cell migration/invasion-related vascular diseases and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and the Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Feng Hao
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Dong An
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linlin Zeng
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Yi Wang
- the Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
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Jacobo SMP, Kazlauskas A. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) stabilizes nascent blood vessels. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6349-60. [PMID: 25564613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report that VEGF-A and IGF-1 differ in their ability to stabilize newly formed blood vessels and endothelial cell tubes. Although VEGF-A failed to support an enduring vascular response, IGF-1 stabilized neovessels generated from primary endothelial cells derived from various vascular beds and mouse retinal explants. In these experimental systems, destabilization/regression was driven by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Because previous studies have established that Erk antagonizes LPA-mediated regression, we considered whether Erk was an essential component of IGF-dependent stabilization. Indeed, IGF-1 lost its ability to stabilize neovessels when the Erk pathway was inhibited pharmacologically. Furthermore, stabilization was associated with prolonged Erk activity. In the presence of IGF-1, Erk activity persisted longer than in the presence of VEGF or LPA alone. These studies reveal that VEGF and IGF-1 can have distinct inputs in the angiogenic process. In contrast to VEGF, IGF-1 stabilizes neovessels, which is dependent on Erk activity and associated with prolonged activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Melissa P Jacobo
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Chen X, Jiang D, Wang J, Chen X, Xu X, Xi P, Fan Y, Zhang X, Guan Y. Prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor enhances TGF-β1-induced mesangial cell injury. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:285-93. [PMID: 25352206 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Mesangial cells (MCs) are important for glomerular function under both physiological and pathological conditions. Studies have found that the expression level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in MCs increases under high glucose conditions, that PGE2 affects the proliferation and hypertrophy of MCs mainly through the EP1 pathway, and that the proliferation of MCs and the accumulation of extracellular matrix are the main events leading to glomerular fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of the EP1 receptor, which is induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, on the proliferation of mouse MCs, the accumulation of extracellular matrix and the expression of PGE2 synthase. Primary mouse glomerular MCs were isolated from EP1 receptor-deficient mice (EP1-/- mice, in which the EP1 receptor was knocked down) and wild-type (WT) mice (WT MCs). In our preliminary experiments, we found that cell proliferation, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), fibronectin (FN), collagen I (ColI), membrane-associated PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the WT MCs were significantly increased following treatment with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. Compared with the WT MCs, following the knockdown of the EP1 gene, the TGF-β1-induced MC injury was markedly suppressed. The aforementioned changes were notably enhanced following treatment with the EP1 agonist, 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 ethyl amide. Additionally, TGF-β1 induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. We found that the TGF-β1-induced ERK phosphorylation was alleviated by EP1 knockdown and promoted by EP1 expression. These results suggest that the EP1 receptor plays a role in the proliferation of mouse MCs, in the accumulation of extracellular matrix and in the expression of mPGES-1 induced by TGF-β1. Its mechanisms of action are possibly related to the reinforcement of ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Daishan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Xi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Chen YF, Wu KJ, Wood WG. Paeonia lactiflora Extract Attenuating Cerebral Ischemia and Arterial Intimal Hyperplasia Is Mediated by Paeoniflorin via Modulation of VSMC Migration and Ras/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:482428. [PMID: 23818926 PMCID: PMC3684030 DOI: 10.1155/2013/482428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Paeoniflorin is an active component found in Paeonia lactiflora, which is used to treat smooth muscle spasms and pain and to protect the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to determine if Paeonia lactiflora would be protective in rodent models of cerebral ischemia and arterial intimal hyperplasia. Paeonia lactiflora extract (PLex) and paeoniflorin (PF) significantly attenuated cerebral infarction in ischemia/reperfusion injury rats and the severity of intimal hyperplasia in mice where the carotid artery was ligated. PLex and PF reduced PDGF-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner by MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays. PF significantly reduced protein levels of Ras, MEK, p-MEK and p-ERK, but not MMP-2 and MMP-9. In summary, Paeonia lactiflora reduced cerebral ischemia and arterial intimal hyperplasia which were mainly made via the intermediary of PF. The protective effect of PF was related to the modulation of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yu-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - W. Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, induces apoptosis in U937 human lymphoma cells through reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of p38 MAPK. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:506-12. [PMID: 23624748 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RU486 (mifepristone) exerts an anticancer effect on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of RU486 on the apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells. RU486 markedly increased apoptosis in U937 cells as well as in MDA231 human breast carcinoma, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial and HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. RU486 increased dose-dependent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψm) in RU486-treated U937 cells. We also found that overexpression of Bcl-2 completely blocked RU486-mediated apoptosis. However, reactive oxygen species signaling had no effect on RU486-induced apoptosis. RU486 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, but p38 MAPK only was associated with RU486-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, RU486 induces apoptosis through reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of p38 MAPK in U937 human leukemia cells.
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Choi BK, Cha BY, Yagyu T, Woo JT, Ojika M. Sponge-derived acetylenic alcohols, petrosiols, inhibit proliferation and migration of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1804-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ashino T, Yamamoto M, Yoshida T, Numazawa S. Redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration and neointimal hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:760-8. [PMID: 23413426 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species are important mediators for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas excess reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress contributes to the development and progression of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is pivotal in cellular defense against oxidative stress by transcriptional upregulation of antioxidant proteins. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Nrf2 in PDGF-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell migration and neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS PDGF promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2, followed by the induction of target genes, including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, and thioredoxin-1. Nrf2 depletion by small interfering RNA enhanced PDGF-promoted Rac1 activation and reactive oxygen species production and persistently phosphorylated downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2. Nrf2 depletion enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell migration in response to PDGF and wound scratch. In vivo, Nrf2-deficient mice showed enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in a wire injury model. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Nrf2 system is important for PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell migration by regulating reactive oxygen species elimination, which may contribute to neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Our findings provide insight into the Nrf2 system as a novel therapeutic target for vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ashino
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Nitrosonifedipine ameliorates angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling via antioxidative effects. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:29-39. [PMID: 23149861 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nifedipine is unstable under light and decomposes to a stable nitroso analog, nitrosonifedipine (NO-NIF). The ability of NO-NIF to block calcium channels is quite weak compared with that of nifedipine. Recently, we have demonstrated that NO-NIF reacts with unsaturated fatty acid leading to generate NO-NIF radical, which acquires radical scavenging activity. However, the effects of NO-NIF on the pathogenesis related with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of NO-NIF on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling. Ang II-induced thickening and fibrosis of aorta were inhibited by NO-NIF in mice. NO-NIF decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aorta and urinary 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine. Ang II-stimulated mRNA expressions of p22(phox), CD68, F4/80, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and collagen I in the aorta were inhibited by NO-NIF. Moreover, NO-NIF inhibited Ang II-induced cell migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). NO-NIF reduced Ang II-induced ROS to the control level detected by dihydroethidium staining and lucigenin chemiluminescence assay in VSMCs. NO-NIF suppressed phosphorylations of Akt and epidermal growth factor receptor induced by Ang II. However, NO-NIF had no effects on intracellular Ca(2+) increase and protein kinase C-δ phosphorylation induced by Ang II in VSMCs. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra indicated the continuous generation of NO-NIF radical of reaction with cultured VSMCs. These findings suggest that NO-NIF improves Ang II-induced vascular remodeling via the attenuation of oxidative stress.
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Heme modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via NADPH oxidase: A counter-regulatory role for heme oxygenase system. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Panzhinskiy E, Zawada WM, Stenmark KR, Das M. Hypoxia induces unique proliferative response in adventitial fibroblasts by activating PDGFβ receptor-JNK1 signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:356-65. [PMID: 22735370 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating condition for which no disease-modifying therapies exist. PH is recognized as proliferative disease of the pulmonary artery (PA). In the experimental newborn calf model of hypoxia-induced PH, adventitial fibroblasts in the PA wall exhibit a heightened replication index. Because elevated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβ-R) signalling is associated with PH, we tested the hypothesis that the activation of PDGFβ-R contributes to fibroblast proliferation and adventitial remodelling in PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Newborn calves were exposed to either ambient air (P(B) = 640 mmHg) (Neo-C) or high altitude (P(B) = 445 mm Hg) (Neo-PH) for 2 weeks. PDGFβ-R phosphorylation was markedly elevated in PA adventitia of Neo-PH calves as well as in cultured PA fibroblasts isolated from Neo-PH animals. PDGFβ-R activation with PDGF-BB stimulated higher replication in Neo-PH cells compared with that of control fibroblasts. PDGF-BB-induced proliferation was dependent on reactive oxygen species generation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 activation in both cell populations; however, only Neo-PH cell division via PDGFβ-R activation displayed a unique dependence on c-Jun N-terminal kinase1 (JNK1) stimulation as the blockade of JNK1 with SP600125, a pharmacological antagonist of the JNK pathway, and JNK1-targeted siRNA selectively blunted Neo-PH cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly suggest that hypoxia-induced modified cells engage the PDGFβ-R-JNK1 axis to confer distinctively heightened proliferation and adventitial remodelling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Matrine inhibits disturbed flow-enhanced migration via downregulation of ERK1/2-MLCK signaling vascular smooth muscle cells. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:268-75. [PMID: 22304864 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of matrine on the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration modulated by disturbed flow and their underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro. METHODS Isolated rat aortic VSMCs were grown to confluence on 20- × 80-mm fibronectin-coated glass cover slides, and then, denuded zones were made at the position calculated to be the oscillating flow-reattachment zone and also in the downstream laminar flow region. VSMCs were treated with different doses of matrine (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L), or PD98059 (30 μM), ML-7 (10 μM) combined with matrine (40 mg/L) for 30 minutes before and during the experiments. Then, the wounded monolayers were kept under static conditions or were subjected to laminar or disturbed flow for 21 hours or 10 hours. The VSMC migration was assessed by microscopic images. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Disturbed flow significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Selective inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by inhibitor PD98059 and matrine significantly suppressed VSMC migration under disturbed flow. Disturbed flow significantly enhanced phosphorylation of MLCK, whereas both matrine and PD98059 inhibited the phosphorylation of MLCK under disturbed flow. The complete inhibition of MLCK phosphorylation using the selective MLCK inhibitor ML-7 significantly inhibited VSMC migration under disturbed flow. CONCLUSION Matrine inhibits VSMC migration under disturbed flow, in part, by downregulation of ERK1/2-MLCK signaling pathway.
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Effects and mechanisms of the functional parts of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (大黄 虫丸) containing serum on platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:432-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Boucher J, Gridley T, Liaw L. Molecular pathways of notch signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Physiol 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22509166 PMCID: PMC3321637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling in the cardiovascular system is important during embryonic development, vascular repair of injury, and vascular pathology in humans. The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) expresses multiple Notch receptors throughout its life cycle, and responds to Notch ligands as a regulatory mechanism of differentiation, recruitment to growing vessels, and maturation. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the molecular basis for Notch regulation of VSMC phenotype. Further, we will explore Notch interaction with other signaling pathways important in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Boucher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough, ME, USA
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Motegi SI, Garfield S, Feng X, Sárdy M, Udey MC. Potentiation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β signaling mediated by integrin-associated MFG-E8. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2653-64. [PMID: 21868707 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.233619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pericytes/pericyte precursors produce milk fat globule-associated protein with epidermal growth factor and factor VIII-like domains (MFG-E8) in vivo, and this α(v) integrin ligand enhances angiogenesis in tumors and in oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Inhibition of MFG-E8 production or function attenuates platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced migration of pericyte/pericyte precursor-like 10T1/2 cells in vitro. Herein, we describe mechanisms by which MFG-E8 modulates PDGF-BB:PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling in 10T1/2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Small interfering RNA depletion of MFG-E8 from 10T1/2 cells or antibody inhibition of MFG-E8 action enhanced PDGF-BB-dependent degradation of PDGFRβ and attenuated signaling. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed transient association of MFG-E8 with PDGFRβ in PDGF-BB-treated 10T1/2 cells and reduced PDGFRβ-focal adhesion kinase association in MFG-E8-depleted cells. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that MFG-E8 binding to 10T1/2 cells was RGD motif and α(v) dependent but PDGF-BB treatment independent, whereas colocalization of MFG-E8 with PDGFRβ was enhanced by PDGF-BB. Ubiquitination of PDGFRβ was also increased in MFG-E8 small interfering RNA-transfected cells. CONCLUSION Integrin α(v)-bound MFG-E8 associates with PDGFRβ and focal adhesion kinase after PDGF-BB treatment, results in cell surface retention of PDGFRβ, delays receptor degradation, potentiates downstream signaling, and enhances migration of 10T1/2 cells. MFG-E8 may promote angiogenesis, in part, via cell autonomous actions on pericytes or pericyte precursors that result in enhanced PDGF-BB:PDGFRβ signaling mediated via integrin-growth factor receptor cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-ichiro Motegi
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20802-1908, USA
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Zhao Y, Lv M, Lin H, Hong Y, Yang F, Sun Y, Guo Y, Cui Y, Li S, Gao Y. ROCK1 induces ERK nuclear translocation in PDGF-BB-stimulated migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:194-202. [PMID: 22215561 DOI: 10.1002/iub.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It has been known that Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling regulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the isoform-specific roles of ROCK and its underlying mechanism in VSMC migration are not well understood. The current study thus aimed to investigate the roles of ROCK1/2 and their relationship to the MAPK signaling pathway in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced rat aorta VSMC migration by manipulating ROCK gene expression. The results revealed that ROCK1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) rather than ROCK2 siRNA decreased PDGF-BB-generated VSMC migration, and upregulation of ROCK1 expression via transfection of constructed pEGFP-C1/ROCK1 plasmid further increased the migration of PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs. In PDGF-treated VSMCs, ROCK1 siRNA did not affect the phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 in the cytoplasm, but decreased the level of ERK phosphorylation in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that activated ROCK1 can promote VSMC migration through facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Clitocybin B inhibits rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation through suppressing PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dahal BK, Heuchel R, Pullamsetti SS, Wilhelm J, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice with constitutively active platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. Pulm Circ 2011; 1:259-68. [PMID: 22034611 PMCID: PMC3198653 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.83448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the pathobiology of vascular remodeling. The multikinase inhibitor imatinib that targets PDGF receptor (PDGFR), c-kit and Abl kinases, shows therapeutic efficacy against experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, the role of PDGFR-b in experimental PH has not been examined by genetic approach. We investigated the chronic hypoxia-induced PH in mice carrying an activating point mutation of PDGFR-β (D849N) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of imatinib. In addition, we studied pulmonary global gene expression and confirmed the expression of identified genes by immunohistochemistry. Chronically hypoxic D849N mice developed PH and strong pulmonary vascular remodeling that was improved by imatinib (100 mg/kg/day) as evident from the significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries. Global gene expression analysis revealed that stromal cell derived factor SDF)-1α was significantly upregulated, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, an enhanced immunoreactivity for SDF-1α, PDGFR-β and CXCR4, the receptor for SDF-1α was localized to the α-smooth muscle cell (SMC) actin positive pulmonary vascular cells in hypoxic mice and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). In conclusion, our findings substantiate the major role of PDGFR activation in pulmonary vascular remodeling by a genetic approach. Immunohistochemistry findings suggest a role for SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in pulmonary vascular remodeling and point to a potential interaction between the chemokine SDF-1 and the growth factor PDGF signaling. Future studies designed to elucidate an interaction between the chemokine SDF-1 and the PDGF system may uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhola K Dahal
- University of Giessen Lung Centre (UGLC), Giessen, Germany
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Anti-proliferative actions of 2-decylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:213-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yuen JSP, Sim MY, Siml HG, Chong TW, Lau WKO, Cheng CWS, Huynh H. Inhibition of angiogenic and non-angiogenic targets by sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a RCC xenograft model. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:941-7. [PMID: 21407223 PMCID: PMC3065286 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is widely recognised that sorafenib inhibits a range of molecular targets in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we aim to use patient-derived RCC xenografts to delineate the angiogenic and non-angiogenic molecular targets of sorafenib therapy for advanced RCC (aRCC). Methods: We successfully generated three patient RCC-derived xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice, consisting of three different RCC histological subtypes: conventional clear cell, poorly differentiated clear cell RCC with sarcomatoid changes, and papillary RCC. This study also used clear cell RCC cells (786-0/EV) harbouring mutant VHL to investigate the clonogenic survival of cells transfected with survivin sense and antisense oligonucleotides. Results: All three xenografts retain their original histological characteristics. We reported that sorafenib inhibited all three RCC xenograft lines regardless of histological subtypes in a dose-dependant manner. Sorafenib-induced growth suppression was associated with not only inhibition of angiogenic targets p-PDGFR-β, p-VEGFR-2, and their downstream signalling pathways p-Akt and p-ERK, cell cycle, and anti-apoptotic proteins that include cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and survivin but also upregulation of proapoptotic Bim. Survivin knockdown by survivin-specific antisense-oligonucleotides inhibited colony formation and induced cell death in clear cell RCC cells. Conclusion: This study has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of sorafenib in RCC. Inhibition of non-angiogenic molecules by sorafenib could contribute in part to its anti-tumour activities observed in vivo, in addition to its anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S P Yuen
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Yun ES, Park SS, Shin HC, Choi YH, Kim WJ, Moon SK. p38 MAPK activation is required for esculetin-induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1335-42. [PMID: 21600278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic compound esculetin is known to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the signaling pathway by which esculetin mediates its molecular effects in VSMC remains to be identified. The present results suggest an unexpected role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in esculetin-induced inhibition of VSMC growth. Treatment of VSMC with esculetin resulted in significant growth inhibition and G1-phase cell-cycle arrest, which was followed by down-regulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression. This G1-phase cell-cycle arrest was due to up-regulation of p21WAF1 expression. In addition, esculetin treatment activated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. Pretreatment with SB203580, which is a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, or expression of the dominant negative p38 MAPK (DN p38 MAPK) gene blocked esculetin-induced p38 MAPK activation and p21WAF1 expression. Finally, both the growth inhibition and the down-regulation of CDKs induced by esculetin were suppressed by either SB203580 or the DN p38 MAPK mutant gene. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that activation of p38 MAPK contributes to esculetin-induced p21WAF1 expression in VSMC by decreasing both the cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. These novel results regarding the molecular mechanism of esculetin action suggest new preventive and therapeutic treatments for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Yun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Chan JY, Koon JC, Leung PC, Che CT, Fung KP. Suppression of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by a herbal extract of Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis and Cortex Lycii. Altern Ther Health Med 2011; 11:32. [PMID: 21513503 PMCID: PMC3107819 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in developed world. Atherosclerosis is characterized by low-density lipoprotein deposition in the arterial wall which ultimately begets the formation of lesions. Rupture of lesions finally leads to clinical events such as heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is a complication associated with diabetes. In patients with diabetes, the risk of atherosclerosis is three to five folds greater than in non-diabetics. Our previous study showed that a herbal extract of Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis and Cortex Lycii, namely SR10, could improve glucose homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we want to further investigate the efficacy of SR10 in treating atherosclerosis. Method The inhibitory effect of SR10 on low-density lipoprotein oxidation was investigated using free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis model and copper ion-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation model. Since vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration are important processes in atherogenesis, we also examined the effect of SR10 in inhibiting these events. Results Our results showed that SR10 inhibited erythrocyte hemolysis with IC50 value at 0.25 mg/ml and significantly prolonged low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. SR10 attenuated platelet derived growth factor-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase as well as inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Conclusion The potential application of SR10 in treating atherosclerosis has been implied in this study. Animal model will be needed to further verify the efficacy of SR10 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Lee JJ, Yu JY, Zhang WY, Kim TJ, Lim Y, Kwon JS, Kim DW, Myung CS, Yun YP. Inhibitory effect of fenofibrate on neointima hyperplasia via G0/G1 arrest of cell proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Willis AI, Sadowitz B, Fuse S, Maier KG, Lee TS, Wang XJ, Tuszynski GP, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. Thrombospondin 1, Fibronectin, and Vitronectin are Differentially Dependent Upon RAS, ERK1/2, and p38 for Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Chemotaxis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574410387677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), fibronectin (Fn), and vitronectin (Vn) promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis through a variety of second messenger systems, including Ras, ERK1/2, and p38. Hypothesis: Ras, ERK1/2, and p38 differentially affect TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Methods: Bovine VSMCs were transfected with Ras N17 or treated with the following inhibitors: a farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitor, PD098059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), or SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). Thrombospondin 1, Fn, and Vn were used as chemoattractants. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing (P < .05). Results: Ras N17 transfection or FPT inhibitor treatment inhibited TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced chemotaxis. PD098059 or SB202190 resulted in more inhibition of VSMC migration to TSP-1 than to Fn or Vn. Conclusions: Ras appears equally relevant in the signal transduction pathways of TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Thrombospondin 1-induced migration is more dependent upon ERK1/2 and p38 than Fn- or Vn-included migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliric I. Willis
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sadowitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shoichi Fuse
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tae S. Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bauer E. Sumpio
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,
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Li XC, Tong GX, Zhang Y, Liu SX, Jin QH, Chen HH, Chen P. Neferine inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells through heme oxygenase-1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:679-86. [PMID: 20523338 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effect of neferine on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. METHODS Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) were used. Cell proliferation was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression was tested by Western blot analysis. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation was determined by using immunoblotting. RESULTS Pre-incubation of HUVSMCs with neferine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 micromol/L) significantly inhibited Ang II-induced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and neferine 5.0 micromol/L increased HO-1 expression by 259% compared with control. The antiproliferative effect of neferine was significantly attenuated by coapplication of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX, an HO-1 inhibitor) with neferine. Ang II-enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was markedly reversed by neferine. By inhibiting HO-1 activity with ZnPP IX, the inhibitive effect of neferine on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly attenuated. Cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer, significantly decreased Ang II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited Ang II-induced cell proliferation. The ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 significantly blocked Ang II-enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neferine can inhibit Ang II-induced HUVSMC proliferation by upregulating HO-1, leading to the at least partial downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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He K, Zhao H, Wang Q, Pan Y. A comparative genome analysis of gene expression reveals different regulatory mechanisms between mouse and human embryo pre-implantation development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:41. [PMID: 20459759 PMCID: PMC2876170 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-implantation development is a crucial step in successful implantation and pregnancy in mammals. It has been studied in depth, but mostly in laboratory animal models. Less is known about the regulatory mechanism involved in the pre-implantation development in humans and about the comparative aspects. METHODS Here, we employed the microarray datasets from the public database library of GEO and applied comparative analysis of genome wide temporal gene expression data based on statistical analysis and functional annotation for both mouse and human, demonstrating the discordance between the regulatory mechanisms of both mouse and human pre-implantation development. RESULTS There were differences between mouse and human pre-implantation development both in the global gene expression pattern and in the expression changes of individual genes at each stage, including different major transient waves of transcription profiles and some stage-specific genes and significantly related pathways. There also appeared to be different functional changes from one stage to another between mouse and human. CONCLUSIONS The analysis presented here lead to interesting and complementary conclusions that the regulatory mechanism of human pre-implantation development is not completely the same as the mouse. Not as the fact that 1-cell to 2-cell stage is important for mouse pre-implantation development, the 4-cell stage and 8-cell stage are both essential for human. Unlike in mouse, of which most of pathways found were related to energy, RNA and protein metabolism, the identified pathways in human were mostly disease-related and associated with human pre-implantation embryonic development. All of these suggest that a further comparative analysis should be required for applying the result of mouse expression data to human research or therapy, particularly in pre-implantation developments. Our study provides several potential targets of genes and pathways for studying the regulatory mechanism of human pre-implantation development using mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200240, China
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AZD6244 enhances the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib in ectopic and orthotopic models of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Hepatol 2010; 52:79-87. [PMID: 19910069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly vascularized solid tumor where the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is activated; suggesting that inhibition of this pathway may have therapeutic potential. METHODS We treated patient-derived HCC xenografts with (i) sorafenib, (ii) AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), and (iii) sorafenib plus AZD6244. Western blotting was employed to determine pharmacodynamic changes in biomarkers relevant to both angiogenesis and MEK signaling. Apoptosis, microvessel density, and cell proliferation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We report here that sorafenib treatment resulted in suppression of tumor growth, reduction in cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of mTOR targets. Sorafenib-induced elevation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R), phospho-c-Raf Ser338, phospho-MEK Ser217/221 and phospho-ERK Thr202/Tyr204 was attenuated by co-treating cells with anti-human IGF-1R antibody or over-expression of activated mutant p70S6K. Pharmacological inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway by AZD6244 enhanced the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib in both orthotopic and ectopic models of HCC. Such inhibition led to a further increase in pro-apoptotic Bim, apoptosis and a profound inhibition of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential of a combined therapeutic approach with sorafenib and MEK inhibitors in the treatment of HCC.
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Descorbeth M, Anand-Srivastava MB. Role of growth factor receptor transactivation in high glucose-induced increased levels of Gq/11alpha and signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 49:221-33. [PMID: 20036247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that high glucose increased the expression of Gq/11alpha, PLCbeta and mediated signaling in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Since high glucose has been shown to increase growth factor receptor activation, we investigated the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) transactivation in high glucose-induced enhanced expression of Gq/11alpha and PLCbeta. Pre-treatment of A10 VSMC with high glucose (26 mM) for 3 days, increased the levels of Gqalpha, G11alpha, PLCbeta-1 and PLCbeta-2 proteins which were restored to control levels by AG1478, an inhibitor of EGF-R, AG1295, an inhibitor of PDGF-R and PP2, an inhibitor of c-Src but not by PP3. In addition, endothelin-1 (ET-1)-stimulated production of IP(3) that was enhanced by high glucose was also restored towards control levels by AG1478, AG1295 and PP2. High glucose also increased the phosphorylation of EGF-R and PDGF-R which was abolished by AG1478, AG1295 and PP2. Furthermore, high glucose-induced enhanced levels of Gqalpha, G11alpha and PLCbeta were also attenuated by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). In addition, AG1478 and AG1295, also attenuated high glucose-induced enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, high glucose augmented the phosphorylation of c-Src which was attenuated by antioxidant, DPI. These results suggest that oxidative stress through the activation of c-Src and resultant transactivation of growth factor receptor contributes to the high glucose-induced enhanced expression of Gq/11alpha/PLC and -mediated cell signaling through MAPK/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Descorbeth
- Department of Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Su Z, Yuan Y, Chen J, Cao L, Zhu Y, Gao L, Qiu Y, He C. Reactive astrocytes in glial scar attract olfactory ensheathing cells migration by secreted TNF-alpha in spinal cord lesion of rat. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8141. [PMID: 19997621 PMCID: PMC2780297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), the formation of glial scar contributes to the failure of injured adult axons to regenerate past the lesion. Increasing evidence indicates that olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) implanted into spinal cord are found to migrate into the lesion site and induce axons regeneration beyond glial scar and resumption of functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms of OECs migrating from injection site to glial scar/lesion site. Methods and Findings In the present study, we identified a link between OECs migration and reactive astrocytes in glial scar that was mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Initially, the Boyden chamber migration assay showed that both glial scar tissue and reactive astrocyte-conditioned medium promoted OECs migration in vitro. Reactive astrocyte-derived TNF-α and its type 1 receptor TNFR1 expressed on OECs were identified to be responsible for the promoting effect on OECs migration. TNF-α-induced OECs migration was demonstrated depending on activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades. Furthermore, TNF-α secreted by reactive astrocytes in glial scar was also showed to attract OECs migration in a spinal cord hemisection injury model of rat. Conclusions These findings showed that TNF-α was released by reactive astrocytes in glial scar and attracted OECs migration by interacting with TNFR1 expressed on OECs via regulation of ERK signaling. This migration-attracting effect of reactive astrocytes on OECs may suggest a mechanism for guiding OECs migration into glial scar, which is crucial for OECs-mediated axons regrowth beyond the spinal cord lesion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Minister of Education, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Fahrenholz M, Real R, Küken A, Saxena A, Orzechowski HD. Single low-dose administration of pharmacological inhibitor of mitogen-activated ERK kinase to the adventitia of the injured rat carotid artery suppresses neointima formation and inhibits nuclear ERK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 617:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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