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Allen BG, Merlen C, Branco AF, Pétrin D, Hébert TE. Understanding the impact of nuclear-localized GPCRs on cellular signalling. Cell Signal 2024; 123:111358. [PMID: 39181220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have historically been associated with signalling events driven from the plasma membrane. More recently, signalling from endosomes has been recognized as a feature of internalizing receptors. However, there was little consideration given to the notion that GPCRs can be targeted to distinct subcellular locations that did not involve an initial trafficking to the cell surface. Here, we focus on the evidence for and the potential impact of GPCR signalling specifically initiated from the nuclear membrane. We also discuss the possibilities for selectively targeting this and other internal pools of receptors as novel venues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medicine, Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Ana F Branco
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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2
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Bhullar SK, Dhalla NS. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of different angiotensin receptors in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:86-104. [PMID: 37748204 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin-angiotensin system. This hormone is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and its actions are mediated by the interaction of both pro- and antihypertrophic Ang II receptors (AT1R and AT2R). Ang II is also metabolized by ACE 2 to Ang-(1-7), which elicits the activation of Mas receptors (MasR) for inducing antihypertrophic actions. Since heart failure under different pathophysiological situations is preceded by adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, we have reviewed the existing literature to gain some information regarding the roles of AT1R, AT2R, and MasR in both acute and chronic conditions of cardiac hypertrophy. It appears that the activation of AT1R may be involved in the development of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy as well as subsequent heart failure because both ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists exert beneficial effects. On the other hand, the activation of both AT2R and MasR may prevent the occurrence of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and delay the progression of heart failure, and thus therapy with different activators of these antihypertrophic receptors under chronic pathological stages may prove beneficial. Accordingly, it is suggested that a great deal of effort should be made to develop appropriate activators of both AT2R and MasR for the treatment of heart failure subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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3
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Grogan A, Lucero EY, Jiang H, Rockman HA. Pathophysiology and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1117-1129. [PMID: 36534965 PMCID: PMC10202650 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), comprising the largest superfamily of cell surface receptors, serve as fundamental modulators of cardiac health and disease owing to their key roles in the regulation of heart rate, contractile dynamics, and cardiac function. Accordingly, GPCRs are heavily pursued as drug targets for a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases ranging from heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia to hypertension and coronary artery disease. Recent advancements in understanding the signalling mechanisms, regulation, and pharmacological properties of GPCRs have provided valuable insights that will guide the development of novel therapeutics. Herein, we review the cellular signalling mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and pharmacological developments of the major GPCRs in the heart, highlighting the β-adrenergic, muscarinic, and angiotensin receptors as exemplar subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Emilio Y Lucero
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haoran Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, 12 Durham, NC 27710, USA
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4
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Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade attenuates gefitinib-induced cardiac hypertrophy via adjusting angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and JNK/P38 MAPK pathway in a rat model. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1159-1169. [PMID: 36164571 PMCID: PMC9508643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, studies proved that Gefitinib-induced cardiotoxicity through induction of oxidative stress leads to cardiac hypertrophy. The current study was conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced cardiac hypertrophy through studying the roles of angiotensin II (AngII), oxidative stress, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with valsartan, gefitinib, or both for four weeks. Blood samples were collected for AngII and cardiac markers measurement, and hearts were harvested for histological study and biochemical analysis. Gefitinib caused histological changes in the cardiac tissues and increased levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers, AngII and its receptors. Blocking of AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) via valsartan protected hearts and normalized cardiac markers, AngII levels, and the expression of its receptors during gefitinib treatment. valsartan attenuated gefitinib-induced NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress leading to down-regulation of JNK/p38-MAPK pathway. Collectively, AT1R blockade adjusted AngII-induced NADPH oxidase and JNK/p38-MAPK leading to attenuation of gefitinib-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This study found a pivotal role of AngII/AT1R signaling in gefitinib-induced cardiac hypertrophy, which may provide novel approaches in the management of EGFRIs-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Maneesai P, Chaihongsa N, Iampanichakul M, Meephat S, Prasatthong P, Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Pakdeechote P. Clitoria ternatea (Linn.) flower extract attenuates vascular dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy via modulation of Ang II/AT 1 R/TGF-β1 cascade in hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2253-2261. [PMID: 34622460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clitoria ternatea (CT) (the Fabaceae family) has been reported to elicit several biological responses, such as anti-inflammation and anti-depression effects. This study evaluated the effect of CT flower extract on blood pressure, vascular function, and left ventricular hypertrophy in a two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) rat model. Hypertensive rats were treated with CT extract at various doses (100, 300, or 500 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or losartan (10 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). RESULTS CT extract reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, and CT extract at a dose of 300 mg kg-1 was an effective concentration (P < 0.05). Augmentation of contractile responses to electrical field stimulation and impairment of vascular responses to acetylcholine in mesenteric vascular beds and aortic rings of 2K-1C rats were suppressed by treatment with CT extract or losartan (P < 0.05). Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and plasma angiotensin II concentration were high in 2K-1C rats but alleviated by CT extract or losartan treatment (P < 0.05). Increases in superoxide production and lipid peroxidation were attenuated in 2K-1C rats treated with CT extract or losartan compared with the untreated group (P < 0.05). Increased plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites was found in hypertensive rats that received CT extract or losartan. CT extract or losartan suppressed the overexpression of Ang II receptor subtype I (AT1 -R) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in 2K-1C rats. CONCLUSION CT extract had antihypertensive effects that were associated with improving vascular function and cardiac hypertrophy in 2K-1C rats. The mechanisms involved suppression of the renin-angiotensin system, of oxidative stress, and of the AT1 R/TGF-β1 cascade. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metee Iampanichakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patoomporn Prasatthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Chutamas Wunpathe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Hansen SS, Pedersen TM, Marin J, Boardman NT, Shah AM, Aasum E, Hafstad AD. Overexpression of NOX2 Exacerbates AngII-Mediated Cardiac Dysfunction and Metabolic Remodelling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010143. [PMID: 35052647 PMCID: PMC8772838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of low doses of angiotensin II (AngII) on cardiac function, myocardial substrate utilization, energetics, and mitochondrial function in C57Bl/6J mice and in a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte specific upregulation of NOX2 (csNOX2 TG). Mice were treated with saline (sham), 50 or 400 ng/kg/min of AngII (AngII50 and AngII400) for two weeks. In vivo blood pressure and cardiac function were measured using plethysmography and echocardiography, respectively. Ex vivo cardiac function, mechanical efficiency, and myocardial substrate utilization were assessed in isolated perfused working hearts, and mitochondrial function was measured in left ventricular homogenates. AngII50 caused reduced mechanical efficiency despite having no effect on cardiac hypertrophy, function, or substrate utilization. AngII400 slightly increased systemic blood pressure and induced cardiac hypertrophy with no effect on cardiac function, efficiency, or substrate utilization. In csNOX2 TG mice, AngII400 induced cardiac hypertrophy and in vivo cardiac dysfunction. This was associated with a switch towards increased myocardial glucose oxidation and impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. Low doses of AngII may transiently impair cardiac efficiency, preceding the development of hypertrophy induced at higher doses. NOX2 overexpression exacerbates the AngII -induced pathology, with cardiac dysfunction and myocardial metabolic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne S. Hansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tina M. Pedersen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Julie Marin
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Neoma T. Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK;
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Anne D. Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (T.M.P.); (J.M.); (N.T.B.); (E.A.); (A.D.H.)
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Renin-angiotensin system overactivation in perivascular adipose tissue contributes to vascular dysfunction in heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3195-3211. [PMID: 33215657 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction is associated with vascular damage in cardiometabolic diseases. Although heart failure (HF)-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, no data have correlated this syndrome with PVAT dysfunction. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the hyperactivation of the RAS in PVAT participates in the vascular dysfunction observed in rats with HF after myocardial infarction surgery. Wire myograph studies were carried out in thoracic aorta rings in the presence and absence of PVAT. An anticontractile effect of PVAT was observed in the rings of the control rats in the presence (33%) or absence (11%) of endothelium. Moreover, this response was substantially reduced in animals with HF (5%), and acute type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) and type 2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2R) blockade restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT. In addition, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) activity (26%) and angiotensin II levels (51%), as well as the AT1R and AT2R gene expression, were enhanced in the PVAT of rats with HF. Associated with these alterations, HF-induced lower nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress and whitening of the PVAT, which suggests changes in the secretory function of this tissue. The ACE1/angiotensin II/AT1R and AT2R axes are involved in thoracic aorta PVAT dysfunction in rats with HF. These results suggest PVAT as a target in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in HF and provide new perspectives for the treatment of this syndrome.
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8
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Ge W, Hou C, Zhang W, Guo X, Gao P, Song X, Gao R, Liu Y, Guo W, Li B, Zhao H, Wang J. Mep1a contributes to Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by promoting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:52-68. [PMID: 33301800 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and cardiac hypertrophy, leads to the development of heart failure. Meprin α (Mep1a), a zinc metalloprotease, previously reported to participate in the regulation of inflammatory response and fibrosis, may also contribute to cardiac remodeling, although whether and how it participates in this process remains unknown. Here, in this work, we investigated the role of Mep1a in pathological cardiac remodeling, as well as the effects of the Mep1a inhibitor actinonin on cardiac remodeling-associated phenotypes. We found that Mep1a deficiency or chemical inhibition both significantly alleviated TAC- and Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Mep1a deletion and blocking both attenuated TAC- and Ang II-induced heart enlargement and increases in the thickness of the left ventricle anterior and posterior walls, and reduced expression of pro-hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myosin heavy chain beta (β-MHC). In addition, Mep1a deletion and blocking significantly inhibited TAC- and Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblast activation and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, in Mep1a-/- mice and treatment with actinonin significantly reduced Ang II-induced infiltration of macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, we found that in vitro, Mep1a is expressed in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts and that Mep1a deletion or chemical inhibition both markedly suppressed Ang II-induced hypertrophy of rat or mouse cardiac myocytes and activation of rat or mouse cardiac fibroblasts. In addition, blocking Mep1a in macrophages reduced Ang II-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, strongly suggesting that Mep1a participates in cardiac remodeling processes through regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression. Mechanism studies revealed that Mep1a mediated ERK1/2 activation in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages and contributed to cardiac remodeling. In light of our findings that blocking Mep1a can ameliorate cardiac remodeling via inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation, Mep1a may therefore serve as a strong potential candidate for therapeutic targeting to prevent cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiliu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliate Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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McClenaghan C, Huang Y, Matkovich SJ, Kovacs A, Weinheimer CJ, Perez R, Broekelmann TJ, Harter TM, Lee JM, Remedi MS, Nichols CG. The Mechanism of High-Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Arising From Potassium Channel Gain-of-Function in Cantú Syndrome. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 1:zqaa004. [PMID: 32865539 PMCID: PMC7446247 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic cardiomegaly arising from gain-of-function (GoF) mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels genes, ABCC9 and KCNJ8, is a characteristic feature of Cantú syndrome (CS). How potassium channel over-activity results in cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the long-term consequences of cardiovascular remodeling in CS, is unknown. Using genome-edited mouse models of CS, we therefore sought to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms linking KATP channel GoF to cardiac remodeling. We demonstrate that chronic reduction of systemic vascular resistance in CS is accompanied by elevated renin-angiotensin signaling, which drives cardiac enlargement and blood volume expansion. Cardiac enlargement in CS results in elevation of basal cardiac output, which is preserved in aging. However, the cardiac remodeling includes altered gene expression patterns that are associated with pathological hypertrophy and are accompanied by decreased exercise tolerance, suggestive of reduced cardiac reserve. Our results identify a high-output cardiac hypertrophy phenotype in CS which is etiologically and mechanistically distinct from other myocardial hypertrophies, and which exhibits key features of high-output heart failure (HOHF). We propose that CS is a genetically-defined HOHF disorder and that decreased vascular smooth muscle excitability is a novel mechanism for HOHF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McClenaghan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scot J Matkovich
- Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ron Perez
- Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas J Broekelmann
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theresa M Harter
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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10
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Bardsley EN, Neely OC, Paterson DJ. Angiotensin peptide synthesis and cyclic nucleotide modulation in sympathetic stellate ganglia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:234-243. [PMID: 31836539 PMCID: PMC7049903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronically elevated angiotensin II is a widely-established contributor to hypertension and heart failure via its action on the kidneys and vasculature. It also augments the activity of peripheral sympathetic nerves through activation of presynaptic angiotensin II receptors, thus contributing to sympathetic over-activity. Although some cells can synthesise angiotensin II locally, it is not known if this machinery is present in neurons closely coupled to the heart. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrate evidence for a renin-angiotensin synthesis pathway within human and rat sympathetic stellate ganglia, where significant alterations were observed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat stellate ganglia compared with Wistar stellates. We also used Förster Resonance Energy Transfer to demonstrate that administration of angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 peptides significantly elevate cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the rat stellate ganglia. Whether the release of angiotensin peptides from the sympathetic stellate ganglia alters neurotransmission and/or exacerbates cardiac dysfunction in states associated with sympathetic over activity remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Oxford, UK; Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK.
| | - Oliver C Neely
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Oxford, UK; Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK.
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11
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The Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 in the Protective Effect of Caloric Restriction against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102427. [PMID: 31100876 PMCID: PMC6566501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) leads to cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, all of which are exacerbated by angiotensin II (AT). SIRT1 and its transcriptional coactivator target PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant protection. We have previously shown the beneficial effect of caloric restriction (CR) on diabetic cardiomyopathy through intracellular signaling pathways involving the SIRT1–PGC-1α axis. In the current study, we examined the role of HO-1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice subjected to CR. Methods: Cardiomyopathy was induced in obese diabetic (db/db) mice by AT infusion. Mice were either fed ad libitum or subjected to CR. In an in vitro study, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined in cardiomyocytes exposed to different glucose levels (7.5–33 mM). We examined the effects of Sn(tin)-mesoporphyrin (SnMP), which is an inhibitor of HO activity, the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), and the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX-527) on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results: Diabetic mice had low levels of HO-1 and elevated levels of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde (MDA). CR attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased HO-1 levels, and decreased MDA levels. SnMP abolished the protective effects of CR and caused pronounced LVH and cardiac metabolic dysfunction represented by suppressed levels of adiponectin, SIRT1, PPARγ, PGC-1α, and increased MDA. High glucose (33 mM) increased ROS in cultured cardiomyocytes, while SnMP reduced SIRT1, PGC-1α levels, and HO activity. Similarly, SIRT1 inhibition led to a reduction in PGC-1α and HO-1 levels. CoPP increased HO-1 protein levels and activity, SIRT1, and PGC-1α levels, and decreased ROS production, suggesting a positive feedback between SIRT1 and HO-1. Conclusion: These results establish a link between SIRT1, PGC-1α, and HO-1 signaling that leads to the attenuation of ROS production and diabetic cardiomyopathy. CoPP mimicked the beneficial effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress, aggravating cardiac hypertrophy. The data suggest that increasing HO-1 levels constitutes a novel therapeutic approach to protect the diabetic heart. Brief Summary: CR attenuates cardiomyopathy, and increases HO-1, SIRT activity, and PGC-1α protein levels in diabetic mice. High glucose reduces adiponectin, SIRT1, PGC1-1α, and HO-1 levels in cardiomyocytes, resulting in oxidative stress. The pharmacological activation of HO-1 activity mimics the effect of CR, while SnMP increased oxidative stress and cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest the critical role of HO-1 in protecting the diabetic heart.
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Nucleoligands-repurposing G Protein-coupled Receptor Ligands to Modulate Nuclear-localized G Protein-coupled Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:193-204. [PMID: 28858907 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that internal pools of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and may be affected by both endogenous signaling molecules and hydrophobic pharmaceutical ligands, once assumed to only affect cell surface versions of these receptors. Here, we discuss evidence that the biology of nuclear GPCRs in particular is complex, rich, and highly interactive with GPCR signaling from the cell surface. Caging existing GPCR ligands may be an excellent means of further stratifying the phenotypic effects of known pharmacophores such as β-adrenergic, angiotensin II, and type B endothelin receptor ligands in the cardiovascular system. We describe some synthetic strategies we have used to design ligands to go from in cellulo to in vivo experiments. We also consider how surface and intracellular GPCR signaling might be integrated and ways to dissect this. If they could be selectively targeted, nuclear GPCRs and their associated nucleoligands would represent a completely novel area for exploration by Pharma.
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Waldman M, Nudelman V, Shainberg A, Abraham NG, Kornwoski R, Aravot D, Arad M, Hochhauser E. PARP-1 inhibition protects the diabetic heart through activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α axis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:112-118. [PMID: 30359575 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) follows impaired glucose tolerance in obesity and is frequently associated with hypertension, causing adverse myocardial remodelling and leading to heart failure. The DNA bound protein PARP (poly ADP ribose) polymerase catalyses a post translational modification (polymerization of negatively charged ADP-ribose chains) of nuclear proteins. PARP-1 activation is NAD+ dependent and takes part in DNA repair and in chromatin remodelling and has a function in transcriptional regulation, intracellular trafficking and energy metabolism. PARP-1 is activated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that PARP-1 inhibition in diabetic mice may protect cardiomyocytes from inflammation and ROS production. METHODS Obese Leptin resistant (db/db) mice suffering from DM2, were treated with angiotensin II (AT) for 4 weeks to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy. Mice were concomitantly treated with the PARP-1 inhibitor INO1001. Neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to high levels of glucose (33 mM) with or without AT were treated with INO1001. or with SIRT inhibitor (EX-527) in the presence of INO1001 were tested in-vitro. RESULTS The in-vivo tests show that hearts from AT treated DM2 mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and an increase in the inflammatory marker TNFα. DM2 mice had an increased oxidative stress, concomitant with elevated PARP-1 activity and reduced Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. PARP-1 inhibition led to increased SIRT1 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) levels, attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of PARP-1 in cardiomyocytes exposed to high levels of glucose and AT led to a significant reduction in ROS (P < 0.01), which was abolished in the presence of the SIRT1 inhibitor together with increased protein expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α. CONCLUSION PARP1 inhibitor INO1001 attenuated cardiomyopathic features in diabetic mice through the activation of SIRT1 and its downstream antioxidant defence mechanisms. The results of this study suggest a pivotal role of PARP-1 inhibition in treating diabetic and AT-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Waldman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Vadim Nudelman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Ran Kornwoski
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dan Aravot
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Waldman M, Cohen K, Yadin D, Nudelman V, Gorfil D, Laniado-Schwartzman M, Kornwoski R, Aravot D, Abraham NG, Arad M, Hochhauser E. Regulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by caloric restriction is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways involving 'SIRT1 and PGC-1α'. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:111. [PMID: 30071860 PMCID: PMC6090985 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are all linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy that lead to heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis, both of which are aggravated by angiotensin. Caloric restriction (CR) is cardioprotective in animal models of heart disease through its catabolic activity and activation of the expression of adaptive genes. We hypothesized that in the diabetic heart; this effect involves antioxidant defenses and is mediated by SIRT1 and the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator). Methods Obese Leptin resistant (db/db) mice characterized by DM2 were treated with angiotensin II (AT) for 4 weeks to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy. Mice were concomitantly either on a CR diet or fed ad libitum. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to high levels of glucose and were treated with EX-527 (SIRT1 inhibitor). Cardiac structure and function, gene and protein expression and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Results AT treated db/db mice developed cardiomyopathy manifested by elevated levels of serum glucose, cholesterol and cardiac hypertrophy. Leukocyte infiltration, fibrosis and an increase in an inflammatory marker (TNFα) and natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) gene expression were also observed. Oxidative stress was manifested by low SOD and PGC-1α levels and an increase in ROS and MDA. DM2 resulted in ERK1/2 activation. CR attenuated all these deleterious perturbations and prevented the development of cardiomyopathy. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced in CR mice (p = 0.008). Concomitantly CR prevented the reduction in SIRT activity and PGC-1α (p < 0.04). Inhibition of SIRT1 activity in cardiomyocytes led to a marked reduction in both SIRT1 and PGC-1α. ROS levels were significantly (p < 0.03) increased by glucose and SIRT1 inhibition. Conclusion In the current study we present evidence of the cardioprotective effects of CR operating through SIRT1 and PGC-1 α, thereby decreasing oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation. Our results suggest that increasing SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels offer new therapeutic approaches for the protection of the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Waldman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Cohen
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Yadin
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vadim Nudelman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Gorfil
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ran Kornwoski
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Aravot
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute Petah-Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Felsenstein Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Jabotinsky St, 49100, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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Cambier L, Giani JF, Liu W, Ijichi T, Echavez AK, Valle J, Marbán E. Angiotensin II-Induced End-Organ Damage in Mice Is Attenuated by Human Exosomes and by an Exosomal Y RNA Fragment. Hypertension 2018; 72:370-380. [PMID: 29866742 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension often leads to cardiovascular disease and kidney dysfunction. Exosomes secreted from cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC-exo) and their most abundant small RNA constituent, the Y RNA fragment EV-YF1, exert therapeutic benefits after myocardial infarction. Here, we investigated the effects of CDC-exo and EV-YF1, each administered individually, in a model of cardiac hypertrophy and kidney injury induced by chronic infusion of Ang (angiotensin) II. After 2 weeks of Ang II, multiple doses of CDC-exo or EV-YF1 were administered retro-orbitally. Ang II infusion induced an elevation in systolic blood pressure that was not affected by CDC-exo or EV-YF1. Echocardiography confirmed that Ang II infusion led to cardiac hypertrophy. CDC-exo and EV-YF1 both attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, both CDC-exo and EV-YF1 improved kidney function and diminished renal inflammation and fibrosis. The beneficial effects of CDC-exo and EV-YF1 were associated with changes in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL (interleukin)-10 in plasma, heart, spleen, and kidney. In summary, infusions of CDC-exo or EV-YF1 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and renal injury induced by Ang II infusion, without affecting blood pressure, in association with altered IL-10 expression. Exosomes and their defined noncoding RNA contents may represent potential new therapeutic approaches for hypertension-associated cardiovascular and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cambier
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.).,Department of Biomedical Sciences (L.C., J.F.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (L.C., J.F.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Weixin Liu
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.)
| | - Takeshi Ijichi
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.)
| | - Antonio K Echavez
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.)
| | - Jackelyn Valle
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.)
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (L.C., W.L., T.I., A.K.E., J.V., E.M.)
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16
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Reply. J Hypertens 2018; 34:1654-5. [PMID: 27356003 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Wu MP, Zhang YS, Xu X, Zhou Q, Li JD, Yan C. Vinpocetine Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Remodeling by Inhibiting Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:157-166. [PMID: 28321644 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological cardiac remodeling, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, is a pathological feature of many cardiac disorders that leads to heart failure and cardiac arrest. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been used for enhancing cerebral blood flow to treat cognitive impairment. However, its role in pathological cardiac remodeling remains unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinpocetine on pathological cardiac remodeling induced by chronic stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS Mice received Ang II infusion via osmotic pumps in the presence of vehicle or vinpocetine. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were assessed by morphological, histological, and biochemical analyses. Mechanistic studies were carried out in vitro with isolated mouse adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS We showed that chronic Ang II infusion caused cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were all significantly attenuated by systemic administration of vinpocetine. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, vinpocetine suppressed Ang II-stimulated myocyte hypertrophic growth. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, vinpocetine suppressed TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and matrix gene expression, consistent with its effect in attenuating cardiac fibrosis. The effects of vinpocetine on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast activation are likely mediated by targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1). CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a novel protective effect of vinpocetine in attenuating pathological cardiac remodeling through suppressing cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth and fibroblast activation and fibrotic gene expression. These studies may also shed light on developing novel therapeutic agents for antagonizing pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Qian Zhou
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Sibiya N, Ngubane P, Mabandla M. Cardioprotective effects of pectin-insulin patch in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes 2017; 9:1073-1081. [PMID: 28220624 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Despite the beneficial effects of subcutaneous insulin, reports suggest that the therapy itself precipitates cardiovascular risks due to the high insulin concentration administered. It is therefore necessary to seek alternative routes of insulin administration that may bypass the undesirable effects associated with high plasma insulin concentrations. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of a novel transdermal pectin-insulin patch on selected markers of cardiovascular function in diabetes. METHODS Pectin-insulin matrix patches (20.0, 40.8, and 82.9 μg/kg) were prepared as described previously. The three formulations were applied to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats thrice daily. Blood glucose concentrations and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored weekly for 5 weeks. Rats were then killed and blood collected for analysis of the lipid profile, cardiotropin-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS The patches decreased blood glucose concentrations and diabetes-induced disturbances in lipid profile were attenuated by patch application (82.9 μg/kg). The diabetes-induced increase in MAP was also attenuated in patch (82.9 μg/kg)-treated rats. Patch treatment resulted in a decreased heart weight: body weight ratio, as well as reductions in cardiotropin-1, TNF-α, and hsCRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Application of the pectin-insulin patch protects against the debilitating cardiovascular effects associated with conventional diabetes treatment. This suggests that the pectin-insulin patch may provide an effective alternative therapeutic approach to the commonly used subcutaneous insulin injections in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa Mabandla
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ohkura SI, Usui S, Takashima SI, Takuwa N, Yoshioka K, Okamoto Y, Inagaki Y, Sugimoto N, Kitano T, Takamura M, Wada T, Kaneko S, Takuwa Y. Augmented sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor-1 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through angiotensin II and interleukin-6. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182329. [PMID: 28771545 PMCID: PMC5542600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac fibroblasts, together with cardiomyocytes, occupy the majority of cells in the myocardium and are involved in myocardial remodeling. The lysophospholipid mediator sphigosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates functions of cardiovascular cells through multiple receptors including S1PR1–S1PR3. S1PR1 but not other S1P receptors was upregulated in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic hearts. Therefore, we investigated a role of S1PR1 in fibroblasts for cardiac remodeling by employing transgenic mice that overexpressed S1PR1 under the control of α-smooth muscle actin promoter. In S1PR1-transgenic mouse heart, fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts were hyperplastic, and those cells as well as vascular smooth muscle cells overexpressed S1PR1. Transgenic mice developed bi-ventricular hypertrophy by 12-week-old and diffuse interstitial fibrosis by 24-week-old without hemodynamic stress. Cardiac remodeling in transgenic mice was associated with greater ERK phosphorylation, upregulation of fetal genes, and systolic dysfunction. Transgenic mouse heart showed increased mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Isolated fibroblasts from transgenic mice exhibited enhanced generation of angiotensin II, which in turn stimulated IL-6 release. Either an AT1 blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prevented development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, systolic dysfunction and increased IL-6 expression in transgenic mice. Finally, administration of anti-IL-6 antibody abolished an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3, a major signaling molecule downstream of IL-6, in the transgenic mouse heart and prevented development of cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice. These results demonstrate a promoting role of S1PR1 in cardiac fibroblasts for cardiac remodeling, in which angiotensin II—AT1 and IL-6 are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-ichiro Ohkura
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Takashima
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Teppei Kitano
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Becari C, Silva MAB, Durand MT, Prado CM, Oliveira EB, Ribeiro MS, Salgado HC, Salgado MCO, Tostes RC. Elastase-2, an angiotensin II-generating enzyme, contributes to increased angiotensin II in resistance arteries of mice with myocardial infarction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1104-1115. [PMID: 28222221 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin II (Ang II), whose generation largely depends on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, mediates most of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) effects. Elastase-2 (ELA-2), a chymotrypsin-serine protease elastase family member 2A, alternatively generates Ang II in rat arteries. Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to intense RAS activation, but mechanisms involved in Ang II-generation in resistance arteries are unknown. We hypothesized that ELA-2 contributes to vascular Ang II generation and cardiac damage in mice subjected to MI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Concentration-effect curves to Ang I and Ang II were performed in mesenteric resistance arteries from male wild type (WT) and ELA-2 knockout (ELA-2KO) mice subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI). KEY RESULTS MI size was similar in WT and ELA-2KO mice. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening after MI similarly decreased in both strains. However, MI decreased stroke volume and cardiac output in WT, but not in ELA-2KO mice. Ang I-induced contractions increased in WT mice subjected to MI (MI-WT) compared with sham-WT mice. No differences were observed in Ang I reactivity between arteries from ELA-2KO and ELA-2KO subjected to MI (MI-ELA-2KO). Ang I contractions increased in arteries from MI-WT versus MI-ELA-2KO mice. Chymostatin attenuated Ang I-induced vascular contractions in WT mice, but did not affect Ang I responses in ELA-2KO arteries. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide the first evidence that ELA-2 contributes to increased Ang II formation in resistance arteries and modulates cardiac function after MI, implicating ELA-2 as a key player in ACE-independent dysregulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Becari
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcondes A B Silva
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina T Durand
- Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele M Prado
- Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Ribeiro
- Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The presence of local renin angiotensin aldosterone systems (RAAS) in the cardiovascular and renal tissues and their influence in cardiovascular and renal diseases are described. The fundamental role of ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis activation as well the counterregulatory role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor activation on cardiovascular and renal physiology and pathology are emphasized. The presence of a local RAS and its influence on hypertension is discussed, and finally, the hypothesis that epigenetic factors change the RAAS in utero and induce the expression of renin or Ang II inside the cells of the cardiovascular system is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walmor C De Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, UPR, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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22
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De Mello WC, Gerena Y. Measurement of Cardiac Angiotensin II by Immunoassays, HPLC-Chip/Mass Spectrometry, and Functional Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1527:127-137. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Porrello ER, Huggins CE, Curl CI, Domenighetti AA, Pedrazzini T, Delbridge LMD, Morgan TO. Elevated dietary sodium intake exacerbates myocardial hypertrophy associated with cardiac-specific overproduction of angiotensin II. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 5:169-75. [PMID: 15806712 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2004.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/hypothesis Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor predictive of cardiovascular disease and is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which angiotensin II (Ang II) and dietary sodium exert additive effects on the development of cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that, where there is a genetic predisposition to Ang II-dependent hypertrophy, there is also an increased susceptibility to sodium-induced hypertrophy mediated by AT1-receptor expression. Methods Diets of low sodium (LS, 0.3% w:w) and high sodium (HS, 4.0% w:w) content were fed to adult (age 25 weeks) control wild-type mice (WT) and to weeks) control wild-type mice (WT) and to transgenic mice exhibiting cardiac specific overexpression of angiotensinogen (TG). At the conclusion of a 40-day dietary treatment period, cardiac tissue weights were compared and the relative expression levels of Ang II receptor subtypes (AT1A and AT2) were evaluated using RT-PCR. Results WT and TG mice fed HS and LS diets maintained comparable weight gains during the treatment period. The normalised heart weights of TG mice were elevated compared to WT, and the extent of the increase was greater for mice maintained on the HS diet treatments (WT 12% vs. TG 41% increase in cardiac weight index). While a similar pattern of growth was observed for ventricular tissues, the atrial weight parameters demonstrated an additional significant effect of dietary sodium intake on tissue weight, independent of animal genetic type. No differences in the relative (GAPDH normalised) expression levels of AT1A- and AT2-receptor mRNA were observed between diet or animal genetic groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, where there is a pre-existing genetic condition of Ang II-dependent cardiac hypertrophy, the pro-growth effect of elevated dietary sodium intake is selectively augmented. In TG and WT mice, this effect was evident with a relatively short dietary treatment intervention (40 days). Evaluation of the levels of Ang II receptor mRNA further demonstrated that this differential growth response was not associated with an altered relative expression of either AT1A- or AT2-receptor subtypes. The cellular mechanistic bases for this specific Ang II-dietary sodium interaction remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo R Porrello
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Lin CM, Chang H, Wang BW, Shyu KG. Suppressive effect of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on endoglin molecular regulation in myocardial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2045-2055. [PMID: 27306149 PMCID: PMC5082397 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), derived from green tea, has been studied extensively because of its diverse physiological and pharmacological properties. This study evaluates the protective effect of EGCG on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced endoglin expression in vitro and in vivo. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) from the thoracic aorta of adult Wistar rats were cultured and induced with Ang II. Western blotting, Northern blotting, real-time PCR and promoter activity assay were performed. Ang II increased endoglin expression significantly as compared with control cells. The specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), EGCG (100 μM) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) siRNA attenuated endoglin proteins following Ang II induction. In addition, pre-treated Ang II-induced endoglin with EGCG diminished the binding activity of AP-1 by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Moreover, the luciferase assay results revealed that EGCG suppressed the endoglin promoter activity in Ang II-induced CFs by AP-1 binding. Finally, EGCG and the JNK inhibitor (SP600125) were found to have attenuated endoglin expression significantly in Ang II-induced CFs, as determined through confocal microscopy. Following in vivo acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-related myocardial fibrosis study, as well as immunohistochemical and confocal analyses, after treatment with endoglin siRNA and EGCG (50 mg/kg), the area of myocardial fibrosis reduced by 53.4% and 64.5% and attenuated the left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic dimensions, and friction shortening in hemodynamic monitor. In conclusion, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) attenuated the endoglin expression and myocardial fibrosis by anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo, the novel suppressive effect was mediated through JNK/AP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiovascular diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key physiological roles and represent a significant target for drug development. However, historically, drugs were developed with the understanding that GPCRs as a therapeutic target exist solely on cell surface membranes. More recently, GPCRs have been detected on intracellular membranes, including the nuclear membrane, and the concept that intracellular GPCRs are functional is become more widely accepted. Nuclear GPCRs couple to effectors and regulate signaling pathways, analogous to their counterparts at the cell surface, but may serve distinct biological roles. Hence, the physiological responses mediated by GPCR ligands, or pharmacological agents, result from the integration of their actions at extracellular and intracellular receptors. The net effect depends on the ability of a given ligand or drug to access intracellular receptors, as dictated by its structure, lipophilic properties, and affinity for nuclear receptors. This review will discuss angiotensin II, endothelin, and β-adrenergic receptors located on the nuclear envelope in cardiac cells in terms of their origin, activation, and role in cardiovascular function and pathology.
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Qin Q, Qu C, Niu T, Zang H, Qi L, Lyu L, Wang X, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Janicki JS, Wang XL, Cui T. Nrf2-Mediated Cardiac Maladaptive Remodeling and Dysfunction in a Setting of Autophagy Insufficiency. Hypertension 2015; 67:107-17. [PMID: 26573705 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) appears to exert either a protective or detrimental effect on the heart; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, we uncovered a novel mechanism for turning off the Nrf2-mediated cardioprotection and switching on Nrf2-mediated cardiac dysfunction. In a murine model of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction via transverse aortic arch constriction, knockout of Nrf2 enhanced myocardial necrosis and death rate during an initial stage of cardiac adaptation when myocardial autophagy function is intact. However, knockout of Nrf2 turned out to be cardioprotective throughout the later stage of cardiac maladaptive remodeling when myocardial autophagy function became insufficient. Transverse aortic arch constriction -induced activation of Nrf2 was dramatically enhanced in the heart with impaired autophagy, which is induced by cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of autophagy-related gene (Atg)5. Notably, Nrf2 activation coincided with the upregulation of angiotensinogen (Agt) only in the autophagy-impaired heart after transverse aortic arch constriction. Agt5 and Nrf2 gene loss-of-function approaches in combination with Jak2 and Fyn kinase inhibitors revealed that suppression of autophagy inactivated Jak2 and Fyn and nuclear translocation of Fyn, while enhancing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and Nrf2-driven Agt expression in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that the pathophysiological consequences of Nrf2 activation are closely linked with the functional integrity of myocardial autophagy during cardiac remodeling. When autophagy is intact, Nrf2 is required for cardiac adaptive responses; however, autophagy impairment most likely turns off Fyn-operated Nrf2 nuclear export thus activating Nrf2-driven Agt transcription, which exacerbates cardiac maladaptation leading to dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Qin
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Chen Qu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Ting Niu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Huimei Zang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Lei Qi
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Linmao Lyu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Xuejun Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Xing Li Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.
| | - Taixing Cui
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (Q.Q., C.Q., T.N., H.Z., L.Q., L.L., X.L.W., T.C.); Division of Basic Biomedical Science, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (X.W.); and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (M.N., P.N.) and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (J.S.J., T.C.), University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.
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TCDD‑induced chick cardiotoxicity is abolished by a selective cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) inhibitor NS398. Arch Toxicol 2015; 88:1739-1748. [PMID: 24658325 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are known to cause severe heart defects in avian species. However, the mechanism of TCDD-induced chick cardiovascular toxicity is unclear. In this study, we investigated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a possible mechanism of TCDD-induced cardiotoxicity. Fertile chicken eggs were injected with TCDD and a COX-2 selective inhibitor, NS398, and we investigated chick heart failure on day 10. We found that the chick heart to body weight ratio and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression were increased, but this increase was abolished with treatment of NS398. In addition, the morphological abnormality of an enlarged ventricle resulting from TCDD exposure was also abolished with co-treatment of TCDD and NS398. Our results suggested that TCDD-induced chick heart defects are mediated via the nongenomic pathway and that they do not require the genomic pathway.
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28
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Angeli F, Angeli E, Verdecchia P. Novel Electrocardiographic Patterns for the Prediction of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy--From Pathophysiology to Practical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18454-73. [PMID: 26262614 PMCID: PMC4581255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major cause of poor outcome, including placental abruption, organ failure, cerebrovascular accident and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These disorders are associated with increased fetal risk of intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine death and prematurity. Electrocardiography (ECG) recently emerged as a useful tool to evaluate cardiovascular complications during pregnancy. Specifically, left atrial abnormalities detected by standard ECG are associated with a fourfold increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The mechanisms linking left atrial abnormality on ECG with hypertensive disorders are still elusive. Several mechanisms, possibly reflected by abnormal left atrial activation on ECG, has been suggested. These include increased reactivity to angiotensin II and up-regulation of angiotensin type 1 receptors, with activation of autoantibodies targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Angeli
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Hospital "S.M. della Misericordia", Perugia 06100, Italy.
| | - Enrica Angeli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital "San Giovanni Battista", Foligno 06034, Italy.
| | - Paolo Verdecchia
- Department of Internal medicine, Hospital of Assisi, Assisi 06081, Italy.
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29
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Tadevosyan A, Villeneuve LR, Fournier A, Chatenet D, Nattel S, Allen BG. Caged ligands to study the role of intracellular GPCRs. Methods 2015. [PMID: 26196333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to cell surface membranes, numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are located on intracellular membranes including the nuclear envelope. Although the role of numerous GPCRs at the cell surface has been well characterized, the physiological function of these same receptors located on intracellular membranes remains to be determined. Here, we employ a novel caged Ang-II analog, cAng-II, to compare the effects of the activation of cell surface versus intracellular angiotensin receptors in intact cardiomyocytes. When added extracellularly to HEK 293 cells, Ang-II and photolysed cAng-II increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation (via AT1R) and cGMP production (AT2R). In contrast unphotolysed cAng-II did not. Cellular uptake of cAng-II was 6-fold greater than that of Ang-II and comparable to the HIV TAT(48-60) peptide. Intracellular photolysis of cAng-II induced an increase in nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]n) that was greater than that induced by extracellular application of Ang-II. We conclude that cell-permeable ligands that can access intracellular GPCRs may evoke responses distinct from those with access restricted to the same receptor located on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artavazd Tadevosyan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Canada
| | | | - Alain Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Kuroda K, Kato TS, Amano A. Hypertensive cardiomyopathy: A clinical approach and literature review. World J Hypertens 2015; 5:41-52. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v5.i2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HTN-CM) is a structural cardiac disorder generally accompanied by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) associated with diastolic or systolic dysfunction in patients with persistent systemic hypertension. It occurs in the absence of other cardiac diseases capable of causing myocardial hypertrophy or cardiac dysfunction. Persistent systemic hypertension leads to structural and functional myocardial abnormalities resulting in myocardial ischemia, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. HTN-CM is predominantly a disease of impaired relaxation rather than impaired contractility, so patients are usually asymptomatic during resting conditions. However, their stiff left ventricles become incapable of handling increased blood volume and cannot produce appropriate cardiac output with the slight change of circulating volume that may occur during exercise. Importantly, the accompanying LVH is itself a risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early detection of LVH development in patients with hypertension (referred to as HTN-CM) is critical for optimal treatment. In addition to pathological findings, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are ideal tools for the diagnosis of HTN-CM. Timely diagnosis of this condition and utilization of appropriate treatment are required to improve morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. This review article presents an overview of the multidimensional impact of myocardial disorder in patients with hypertension. Relevant literature is highlighted and the effects of hypertension on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure development are discussed, including possible therapeutic options.
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Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor implicated in the development of multiple common cardiac conditions, including coronary atherosclerosis, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Epidemiologic studies have provided insights into the shared pathogenesis of hypertension and subclinical as well as clinically evident cardiac diseases. The mechanistic common ground between chronic blood pressure elevation and cardiac disease likely begins early in life. Understanding these connections will aid ongoing efforts to identify individuals at risk, develop targeted therapeutics, and improve overall outcomes for individuals with elevated blood pressure in the population at large.
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Zhang Y, Liou WW, Gupta V. Modeling of high sodium intake effects on left ventricular hypertrophy. Comput Biol Med 2015; 58:31-9. [PMID: 25601615 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies suggest that chronic high sodium intake contributes to the development of essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. In the present study, a system-level computer model has been developed to simulate the long-term effects of increased sodium intake on the LV mechanical functions and the body-fluid homeostasis. The new model couples a cardiovascular hemodynamics function model with an explicit account of the LV wall thickness variation and a long-term renal system model. The present model is validated with published results of clinical studies. The results suggest that, with increased sodium intake, the renal system function, the plasma hormone concentrations, and the blood pressure adapt to new levels of equilibrium. The LV work output and the relative wall thickness increase due to the increase of sodium intake. The results of the present model match well with the patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - William W Liou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Borgess Medical Center, Borgess Research Institute, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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Cardiac overexpression of constitutively active Galpha q causes angiotensin II type1 receptor activation, leading to progressive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106354. [PMID: 25171374 PMCID: PMC4149533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic mice with transient cardiac expression of constitutively active Galpha q (Gαq-TG) exhibt progressive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias after the initiating stimulus of transfected constitutively active Gαq becomes undetectable. However, the mechanisms are still unknown. We examined the effects of chronic administration of olmesartan on heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia in Gαq-TG mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Olmesartan (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was chronically administered to Gαq-TG from 6 to 32 weeks of age, and all experiments were performed in mice at the age of 32 weeks. Chronic olmesartan administration prevented the severe reduction of left ventricular fractional shortening, and inhibited ventricular interstitial fibrosis and ventricular myocyte hypertrophy in Gαq-TG. Electrocardiogram demonstrated that premature ventricular contraction (PVC) was frequently (more than 20 beats/min) observed in 9 of 10 vehicle-treated Gαq-TG but in none of 10 olmesartan-treated Gαq-TG. The collected QT interval and monophasic action potential duration in the left ventricle were significantly shorter in olmesartan-treated Gαq-TG than in vehicle-treated Gαq-TG. CTGF, collagen type 1, ANP, BNP, and β-MHC gene expression was increased and olmesartan significantly decreased the expression of these genes in Gαq-TG mouse ventricles. The expression of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 3 and 6 channel and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) proteins but not angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor was increased in Gαq-TG ventricles compared with NTG mouse ventricles. Olmesartan significantly decreased TRPC6 and tended to decrease ACE expressions in Gαq-TG. Moreover, it increased AT1 receptor in Gαq-TG. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation plays an important role in the development of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia in Gαq-TG mouse model of heart failure.
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Mellor KM, Curl CL, Chandramouli C, Pedrazzini T, Wendt IR, Delbridge LMD. Ageing-related cardiomyocyte functional decline is sex and angiotensin II dependent. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9630. [PMID: 24566994 PMCID: PMC4082583 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, heart failure is an age-dependent pathological phenomenon and displays sex-specific characteristics. The renin-angiotensin system mediates cardiac pathology in heart failure. This study investigated the sexually dimorphic functional effects of ageing combined with angiotensin II (AngII) on cardiac muscle cell function, twitch and Ca(2+)-handling characteristics of isolated cardiomyocytes from young (~13 weeks) and aged (~87 weeks) adult wild type (WT) and AngII-transgenic (TG) mice. We hypothesised that AngII-induced contractile impairment would be exacerbated in aged female cardiomyocytes and linked to Ca(2+)-handling disturbances. AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was evident in young adult mice of both sexes and accentuated by age (aged adult ~21-23 % increases in cell length relative to WT). In female AngII-TG mice, ageing was associated with suppressed cardiomyocyte contractility (% shortening, maximum rate of shortening, maximum rate of relaxation). This was associated with delayed cytosolic Ca(2+) removal during twitch relaxation (Tau ~20 % increase relative to young adult female WT), and myofilament responsiveness to Ca(2+) was maintained. In contrast, aged AngII-TG male cardiomyocytes exhibited peak shortening equivalent to young TG; yet, myofilament Ca(2+) responsiveness was profoundly reduced with ageing. Increased pro-arrhythmogenic spontaneous activity was evident with age and cardiac AngII overexpression in male mice (42-55 % of myocytes) but relatively suppressed in female aged transgenic mice. Female myocytes with elevated AngII appear more susceptible to an age-related contractile deficit, whereas male AngII-TG myocytes preserve contractile function with age but exhibit desensitisation of myofilaments to Ca(2+) and a heightened vulnerability to arrhythmic activity. These findings support the contention that sex-specific therapies are required for the treatment of age-progressive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M. Mellor
- />Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- />Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire L. Curl
- />Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | | | - Igor R. Wendt
- />Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Lea M. D. Delbridge
- />Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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De Mello WC, Frohlich ED. Clinical perspectives and fundamental aspects of local cardiovascular and renal Renin-Angiotensin systems. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:16. [PMID: 24600438 PMCID: PMC3928588 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the potential role of organ specific cardiovascular renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) has been demonstrated experimentally and clinically with respect to certain cardiovascular and renal diseases. These findings have been supported by studies involving pharmacological inhibition during ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure; hypertension associated with left ventricular ischemia, myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy; structural and functional changes of the target organs associated with prolonged dietary salt excess; and intrarenal vascular disease associated with end-stage renal disease. Moreover, the severe structural and functional changes induced by these pathological conditions can be prevented and reversed by agents producing RAS inhibition (even when not necessarily coincident with alterations in arterial pressure). In this review, we discuss specific fundamental and clinical aspects and mechanisms related to the activation or inhibition of local RAS and their implications for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Fundamental aspects involving the role of angiotensins on cardiac and renal functions including the expression of RAS components in the heart and kidney and the controversial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on angiotensin peptide metabolism in humans, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walmor C. De Mello
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
- *Correspondence: Walmor C. De Mello, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Suite A-322, Main Building, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA e-mail:
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36
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De Mello WC. Beyond the circulating Renin-Angiotensin aldosterone system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:104. [PMID: 25071720 PMCID: PMC4078176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walmor C. De Mello
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- *Correspondence:
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Gao S, Park BM, Cha SA, Park WH, Park BH, Kim SH. Angiotensin AT2 receptor agonist stimulates high stretch induced- ANP secretion via PI3K/NO/sGC/PKG/pathway. Peptides 2013; 47:36-44. [PMID: 23791669 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediates the major cardiovascular effects of Ang II. However, the effects mediated via AT2R are still controversial. The aim of the present study is to define the effect of AT2R agonist CGP42112A (CGP) on high stretch-induced ANP secretion and its mechanism using in vitro and in vivo experiments. CGP (0.01, 0.1 and 1μM) stimulated high stretch-induced ANP secretion and concentration from isolated perfused rat atria. However, atrial contractility and the translocation of extracellular fluid did not change. The augmented effect of CGP (0.1μM) on high stretch-induced ANP secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with AT2R antagonist or inhibitor for phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide (NO), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), or protein kinase G (PKG). However, antagonist for AT1R or Mas receptor did not influence CGP-induced ANP secretion. In vivo study, acute infusion of CGP for 10min increased plasma ANP level without blood pressure change. In renal hypertensive rat atria, AT2R mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated and the response of plasma ANP level to CGP infusion in renal hypertensive rats augmented. The pretreatment with AT2R antagonist for 10min followed by CGP infusion attenuated an increased plasma ANP level induced by CGP. However, pretreatment with AT1R or Mas receptor antagonist unaffected CGP-induced increase in plasma ANP level. Therefore, we suggest that AT2R agonist CGP stimulates high stretch-induced ANP secretion through PI3K/NO/sGC/PKG pathway and these effects are augmented in renal hypertensive rats.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/analogs & derivatives
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Atrial Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Guanylate Cyclase/genetics
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renal/genetics
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
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Intracrine endothelin signaling evokes IP3-dependent increases in nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ in adult cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:189-202. [PMID: 23756157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin receptors are present on the nuclear membranes in adult cardiac ventricular myocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) which endothelin receptor subtype is in cardiac nuclear membranes, 2) if the receptor and ligand traffic from the cell surface to the nucleus, and 3) the effect of increased intracellular ET-1 on nuclear Ca(2+) signaling. Confocal microscopy using fluorescently-labeled endothelin analogs confirmed the presence of ETB at the nuclear membrane of rat cardiomyocytes in skinned-cells and isolated nuclei. Furthermore, in both cardiac myocytes and aortic endothelial cells, endocytosed ET:ETB complexes translocated to lysosomes and not the nuclear envelope. Although ETA and ETB can form heterodimers, the presence or absence of ETA did not alter ETB trafficking. Treatment of isolated nuclei with peptide: N-glycosidase F did not alter the electrophoretic mobility of ETB. The absence of N-glycosylation further indicates that these receptors did not originate at the cell surface. Intracellular photolysis of a caged ET-1 analog ([Trp-ODMNB(21)]ET-1) evoked an increase in nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]n) that was attenuated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and prevented by pre-treatment with ryanodine. A caged cell-permeable analog of the ETB-selective antagonist IRL-2500 blocked the ability of intracellular cET-1 to increase [Ca(2+)]n whereas extracellular application of ETA and ETB receptor antagonists did not. These data suggest that 1) the endothelin receptor in the cardiac nuclear membranes is ETB, 2) ETB traffics directly to the nuclear membrane after biosynthesis, 3) exogenous endothelins are not ligands for ETB on nuclear membranes, and 4) ETB associated with the nuclear membranes regulates nuclear Ca(2+) signaling.
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Salameh A, Djilali H, Blanke K, Gonzalez Casanova J, von Salisch S, Savtschenko A, Dhein S, Dähnert I. Cardiac fibroblasts inhibit β-adrenoceptor-dependent connexin43 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:421-33. [PMID: 23455518 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play an important role in adverse cardiac remodelling. As in many cardiac diseases connexin43 (Cx43) is altered, we wanted to elucidate whether fibroblasts may influence cardiac Cx43 expression. We used four different cell culture systems of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) and fibroblasts (FB): type 1, pure CM culture; type 2, co-culture of CM/FB; type 3, pure FB culture; type 4, Transwell® system: CM/FB co-cultured but separated by a microporous membrane. Stimulation of types 1-3 cell culture models with isoprenaline significantly enhanced Cx43-protein and Cx43-mRNA expression as well as phosphorylation of ERK and translocation of AP1 and CREB only in the CM cultures; whereas, the CM/FB co-cultures and the FB cultures did not respond to isoprenaline. Similarly, if CM and FB were separated by a microporous membrane (Transwell® system) the isoprenaline-induced increase in CM Cx43 was completely suppressed, suggesting the existence of a soluble factor responsible for the suppressant effect of FB. Angiotensin II determination in types 1 and 2 cell culture supernatants revealed that the CM/FB co-cultures exhibited a significant higher angiotensin II release than the CM cultures. Furthermore, we aimed to inhibit angiotensin II signal transduction pathway: blockade of AT1 receptors or PKC inhibition restored the responsiveness of CM/FB co-cultures to isoprenaline. Moreover, external addition of angiotensin II to CM cultures also resulted in suppression of isoprenaline-stimulated Cx43 expression in an AT1-receptor- and PKC-dependent manner. Thus, our study indicates that cardiac fibroblasts inhibit β-adrenoceptor-dependent Cx43 signalling in CM involving angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salameh
- Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Struempellstr. 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany.
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Blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system resetting in transgenic rats with elevated plasma Val5-angiotensinogen. J Hypertens 2013; 30:1597-605. [PMID: 22728903 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283550f76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increases in plasma angiotensinogen (Ang-N) due to genetic polymorphisms or pharmacological stimuli like estrogen have been associated with a blood pressure (BP) rise, increased salt sensitivity and cardiovascular risk. The relationship between Ang-N, the resetting of the renin-angiotensin system, and BP still remains unclear. Angiotensin (Ang) II-induced genetic hypertension should respond to lisinopril treatment. METHODS A new transgenic rat line (TGR) with hepatic overexpression of native (rat) Ang-N was established to study high plasma Ang-N. The transgene contained a mutation producing Val(5)-Ang-II, which was measured separately from nontransgenic Ile-Ang-II in plasma and renal tissue. RESULTS Male homozygous TGR had increased plasma Ang-N (~20-fold), systolic BP (ΔBP+26 mmHg), renin activity (~2-fold), renin activity/concentration (5-fold), total Ang-II (~2-fold, kidney 1.7-fold) but decreased plasma renin concentrations (-46%, kidney -85%) and Ile(5)-Ang-I and II (-93%, -94%) vs. controls. Heterozygous TGR exhibited ~10-fold higher plasma Ang-N and 17 mmHg ΔBP. Lisinopril decreased their SBP (-23 vs. -13 mmHg in controls), kidney Ang-II/I (~3-fold vs. ~2-fold) and Ile(5)-Ang-II (-70 vs. -40%), and increased kidney renin and Ile(5)-Ang-I (>2.5-fold vs. <2.5-fold). Kidney Ang-II remained higher and renin lower in TGR compared with controls. CONCLUSION High plasma Ang-N increases plasma and kidney Ang-II levels, and amplifies the plasma and renal Ang-II response to a given change in renal renin secretion. This enzyme-kinetic amplification dominates over the Ang-II mediated feedback reduction of renin secretion. High Ang-N levels thus facilitate hypertension via small increases of Ang II and may influence the effectiveness of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.
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41
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Kunert-Keil C, Landsberger M, Jantzen F, Niessner F, Kroemer HK, Felix SB, Brinkmeier H, Peters J. Molecular changes in the early phase of renin-dependent cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive cyp1a1ren-2 transgenic rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:41-50. [PMID: 23060473 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312460070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An early response to high arterial pressure is the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Functional and transcriptional regulation of ion channels and Ca(2+) handling proteins are involved in this process but the relative contribution of each is unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of genes involved in action potential generation and Ca(2+) homeostasis of cardiomyocytes in hypertensive cyp1a1ren-2 transgenic rats. In this model, the transgene prorenin was induced by indole-3-carbinol for 2 weeks allowing the induction of hypertension. Electrophysiological recordings from cardiomyocytes of hypertensive rats revealed a slight increase in membrane capacitance consistent with cellular hypertrophy. L-type calcium current density was reduced by 30%. Left ventricles of hypertensive rats showed a significant increase in transcript and protein levels of the cation channel TRPC6 and FK506-binding protein, whereas levels of SERCA2 and voltage-dependent potassium channels K(v)4.2 and K(v)4.3 were found to be decreased. Further, a marked nuclear localization of the transcription factors GATA4 and NFATC4 was observed in cardiac tissue of hypertensive rats. The cyp1a1ren-2 transgenic rat thus appears to be a valid model to investigate early changes in cardiac hypertrophy. This study points to roles for TRPC6, FK506BP, SERCA2, K(v)4.2, and K(v)4.3 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Alghamri MS, Weir NM, Anstadt MP, Elased KM, Gurley SB, Morris M. Enhanced angiotensin II-induced cardiac and aortic remodeling in ACE2 knockout mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 18:138-51. [PMID: 23043153 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412460124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is present in the heart and thought to exert protective functions. We conducted studies in ACE2 deficient mice to determine whether enzyme loss would exacerbate the cardiac and vascular pathological responses to chronic subcutaneous (sc) angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Eight-week-old male ACE2 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were infused with Ang II (1000 ng/kg per min, 4 weeks) using mini-osmotic pumps. Blood pressure (radiotelemetry), cardiac function (echocardiography, echo), cardiac/aortic structure (histology, collagen, and oxidative stress), and vascular inflammation were examined. Before Ang II infusion, ACE2 KO mice showed unaltered cardiac function and blood pressure. After 4 weeks of Ang II infusion, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 96 ± 2 to 136 ± 17 mm Hg (∼40%) in WT and from 104 ± 5 to 141 ± 13 mm Hg (∼ 35%) in ACE2 KO. While there were no differences in MAP between groups, the ACE2 KO responded differently to the hypertensive stimulus. Echo analysis revealed severe myocardial dysfunction in Ang II-infused ACE2 KO (Ang ACE2 KO). Ejection fraction was lower (39% versus 50%) as was fractional shortening (27% versus 38%) in ACE2 KO versus WT, respectively. Cardiac dysfunction was associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shown by increased left-ventricular wall thickness, average cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and heart weight/body weight ratio. Collagen staining in the myocardium and aorta revealed increased collagen in Ang ACE2 KO, suggestive of remodeling. Results also showed enhanced oxidative stress in the myocardium and aorta of Ang ACE2 KO. There was a 3-fold elevation in macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP 1α) in the aorta of ACE2 KO. Studies in the ACE2 KO model reveal the importance of ACE2 in the maladaptive cardiac and aortic responses to Ang II stimulation, seen as enhanced remodeling using physiological, structural, and biochemical markers. Results document a cardio- and vascular-protective role of ACE2 under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
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Wen H, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Oxidative stress-mediated effects of angiotensin II in the cardiovascular system. World J Hypertens 2012; 2:34-44. [PMID: 24587981 PMCID: PMC3936474 DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v2.i4.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), an endogenous peptide hormone, plays critical roles in the pathophysiological modulation of cardiovascular functions. Ang II is the principle effector of the renin-angiotensin system for maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system, as well as a potent stimulator of NAD(P)H oxidase, which is the major source and primary trigger for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in various tissues. Recent accumulating evidence has demonstrated the importance of oxidative stress in Ang II-induced heart diseases. Here, we review the recent progress in the study on oxidative stress-mediated effects of Ang II in the cardiovascular system. In particular, the involvement of Ang II-induced ROS generation in arrhythmias, cell death/heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension are discussed. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is an important molecule linking Ang II, ROS and cardiovascular pathological conditions.
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Tsimakouridze EV, Straume M, Podobed PS, Chin H, LaMarre J, Johnson R, Antenos M, Kirby GM, Mackay A, Huether P, Simpson JA, Sole M, Gadal G, Martino TA. Chronomics of Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice Reveals Altered Day/Night Gene Expression and Biomarkers of Heart Disease. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:810-21. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.691145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Pellieux C, Montessuit C, Papageorgiou I, Pedrazzini T, Lerch R. Differential effects of high-fat diet on myocardial lipid metabolism in failing and nonfailing hearts with angiotensin II-mediated cardiac remodeling in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1795-805. [PMID: 22408021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01023.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal myocardium adapts to increase of nutritional fatty acid supply by upregulation of regulatory proteins of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Because advanced heart failure is associated with reduction of regulatory proteins of fatty acid oxidation, we hypothesized that failing myocardium may not be able to adapt to increased fatty acid intake and therefore undergo lipid accumulation, potentially aggravating myocardial dysfunction. We determined the effect of high-fat diet in transgenic mice with overexpression of angiotensinogen in the myocardium (TG1306/R1). TG1306/R1 mice develop ANG II-mediated left ventricular hypertrophy, and at one year of age approximately half of the mice present heart failure associated with reduced expression of regulatory proteins of fatty acid oxidation and reduced palmitate oxidation during ex vivo working heart perfusion. Hypertrophied hearts from TG1306/R1 mice without heart failure adapted to high-fat feeding, similarly to hearts from wild-type mice, with upregulation of regulatory proteins of fatty acid oxidation and enhancement of palmitate oxidation. There was no myocardial lipid accumulation or contractile dysfunction. In contrast, hearts from TG1306/R1 mice presenting heart failure were unable to respond to high-fat feeding by upregulation of fatty acid oxidation proteins and enhancement of palmitate oxidation. This resulted in accumulation of triglycerides and ceramide in the myocardium, and aggravation of contractile dysfunction. In conclusion, hearts with ANG II-induced contractile failure have lost the ability to enhance fatty acid oxidation in response to increased fatty acid supply. The ensuing accumulation of lipid compounds may play a role in the observed aggravation of contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pellieux
- Cardiology Center, Department of Medicine and Foundation for Medical Research, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva.
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Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor-JAK/STAT Pathway Mediates the Induction of Visfatin in Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. Am J Med Sci 2012; 343:220-6. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31822993ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Alvin Z, Laurence GG, Coleman BR, Zhao A, Hajj-Moussa M, Haddad GE. Regulation of L-type inward calcium channel activity by captopril and angiotensin II via the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in cardiomyocytes from volume-overload hypertrophied rat hearts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 89:206-15. [PMID: 21423294 DOI: 10.1139/y11-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure can be caused by pro-hypertrophic humoral factors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), which regulates protein kinase activities. The intermingled responses of these kinases lead to the early compensated cardiac hypertrophy, but later to the uncompensated phase of heart failure. We have shown that although beneficial, cardiac hypertrophy is associated with modifications in ion channels that are mainly mediated through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. This study evaluates the control of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) by the Ang II/PI3K pathway in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes from volume-overload rats using the perforated patch-clamp technique. To assess activation of the I(Ca,L) in cardiomyocytes, voltages of 350 ms in 10 mV increments from a holding potential of -85 mV were applied to cardiocytes, with a pre-pulse to -45 mV for 300 ms. Volume overload-induced hypertrophy reduces I(Ca,L), whereas addition of Ang II alleviates the hypertrophic-induced decrease in a PI3K-dependent manner. Acute administration of Ang II (10(-6) mol/L) to normal adult cardiomyocytes had no effect; however, captopril reduced their basal I(Ca,L). In parallel, captopril regressed the hypertrophy and inverted the Ang II effect on I(Ca,L) seemingly through a PI3K upstream effector. Thus, it seems that regression of cardiac hypertrophy by captopril improved I(Ca,L) partly through PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikiar Alvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, WA 20059, USA
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Mascareno E, Galatioto J, Rozenberg I, Salciccioli L, Kamran H, Lazar JM, Liu F, Pedrazzini T, Siddiqui MAQ. Cardiac lineage protein-1 (CLP-1) regulates cardiac remodeling via transcriptional modulation of diverse hypertrophic and fibrotic responses and angiotensin II-transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) signaling axis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13084-93. [PMID: 22308025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.288944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the renin-angiotensin system contributes to left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, a major determinant of myocardial stiffness. TGF-β1 and renin-angiotensin system signaling alters the fibroblast phenotype by promoting its differentiation into morphologically distinct pathological myofibroblasts, which potentiates collagen synthesis and fibrosis and causes enhanced extracellular matrix deposition. However, the atrial natriuretic peptide, which is induced during left ventricular hypertrophy, plays an anti-fibrogenic and anti-hypertrophic role by blocking, among others, the TGF-β-induced nuclear localization of Smads. It is not clear how the hypertrophic and fibrotic responses are transcriptionally regulated. CLP-1, the mouse homolog of human hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible-1 (HEXIM-1), regulates the pTEFb activity via direct association with pTEFb causing inhibition of the Cdk9-mediated serine 2 phosphorylation in the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. It was recently reported that the serine kinase activity of Cdk9 not only targets RNA polymerase II but also the conserved serine residues of the polylinker region in Smad3, suggesting that CLP-1-mediated changes in pTEFb activity may trigger Cdk9-dependent Smad3 signaling that can modulate collagen expression and fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the role of CLP-1 in vivo in induction of left ventricular hypertrophy in angiotensinogen-overexpressing transgenic mice harboring CLP-1 heterozygosity. We observed that introduction of CLP-1 haplodeficiency in the transgenic α-myosin heavy chain-angiotensinogen mice causes prominent changes in hypertrophic and fibrotic responses accompanied by augmentation of Smad3/Stat3 signaling. Together, our findings underscore the critical role of CLP-1 in remodeling of the genetic response during hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mascareno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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Abstract
This article outlines the link between the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and various forms of cardiomyopathy, and also reviews the understanding of the effectiveness of RAAS intervention in this phase of ventricular dysfunction. The authors focus their discussion predominantly on patients who have had previous myocardial infarction or those who have left ventricular hypertrophy and also briefly discuss the role of RAAS activation and intervention in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Collier
- Heart Failure Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Tadevosyan A, Vaniotis G, Allen BG, Hébert TE, Nattel S. G protein-coupled receptor signalling in the cardiac nuclear membrane: evidence and possible roles in physiological and pathophysiological function. J Physiol 2011; 590:1313-30. [PMID: 22183719 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.222794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key physiological roles in numerous tissues, including the heart, and their dysfunction influences a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the notion of nuclear localization and action of GPCRs has become more widely accepted. Nuclear-localized receptors may regulate distinct signalling pathways, suggesting that the biological responses mediated by GPCRs are not solely initiated at the cell surface but may result from the integration of extracellular and intracellular signalling pathways. Many of the observed nuclear effects are not prevented by classical inhibitors that exclusively target cell surface receptors, presumably because of their structures, lipophilic properties, or affinity for nuclear receptors. In this topical review, we discuss specifically how angiotensin-II, endothelin, β-adrenergic and opioid receptors located on the nuclear envelope activate signalling pathways, which convert intracrine stimuli into acute responses such as generation of second messengers and direct genomic effects, and thereby participate in the development of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artavazd Tadevosyan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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