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Bertossa MR, Darby JR, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Li C, Huber HF, Wiese MD, Nathanielsz PW, Morrison JL. Maternal high fat-high energy diet alters metabolic factors in the non-human primate fetal heart. J Physiol 2024; 602:4251-4269. [PMID: 39087821 PMCID: PMC11366491 DOI: 10.1113/jp286861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of high fat-high energy diets (HF-HEDs) continues to rise worldwide and parallels the rise in maternal obesity (MO) that predisposes offspring to cardiometabolic disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, thyroid hormones (TH) modulate cardiac maturation in utero. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) on the hormonal, metabolic and contractility profile of the non-human primate (NHP) fetal heart. At ∼9 months preconception, female baboons (Papio hamadryas) were randomly assigned to either a control diet or HF-HED. At 165 days gestational age (term = 184 days), fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section under anaesthesia, humanely killed, and left ventricular cardiac tissue (Control (n = 6 female, 6 male); HF-HED (n = 6 F, 6 M)) was collected. Maternal HF-HED decreased the concentration of active cardiac TH (i.e. triiodothyronine (T3)), and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) mRNA expression. Maternal HF-HED decreased the abundance of cardiac markers of insulin-mediated glucose uptake phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (Ser789) and glucose transporter 4, and increased protein abundance of key oxidative phosphorylation complexes (I, III, IV) and mitochondrial abundance in both sexes. Maternal HF-HED alters cardiac TH status, which may induce early signs of cardiac insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders in later life in offspring born to these pregnancies. KEY POINTS: Babies born to mothers who consume a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) prior to and during pregnancy are predisposed to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders across the life course. Maternal HF-HED prior to and during pregnancy decreased thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase DIO1 mRNA expression in the non-human primate fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED decreased markers of insulin-dependent glucose uptake, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4 in the fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED increased mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex I, III and IV in the fetal heart. Fetuses from HF-HED pregnancies are predisposed to cardiometabolic disorders that may be mediated by changes in T3, placing them on a poor lifetime cardiovascular health trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Bertossa
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Jack R.T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 5001
| | | | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
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2
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Meibers HE, Warrick KA, VonHandorf A, Vallez CN, Kawarizadeh K, Saha I, Donmez O, Jain VG, Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT, Pasare C. Effector memory T cells induce innate inflammation by triggering DNA damage and a non-canonical STING pathway in dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113180. [PMID: 37794597 PMCID: PMC10654673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognate interaction between CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) induces innate inflammatory cytokine production, resulting in detrimental autoimmune pathology and cytokine storms. While TEM cells use tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands to activate DCs, whether TEM cells prompt other DC-intrinsic changes that influence the innate inflammatory response has never been investigated. We report the surprising discovery that TEM cells trigger double-strand DNA breaks via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in interacting DCs. Initiation of the DNA damage response in DCs induces activation of a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS)-independent, non-canonical stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Consequently, STING-deficient DCs display reduced NF-κB activation and subsequent defects in transcriptional induction and functional production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 following their interaction with TEM cells. The discovery of TEM cell-induced innate inflammation through DNA damage and a non-canonical STING-NF-κB pathway presents this pathway as a potential target to alleviate T cell-driven inflammation in autoimmunity and cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Meibers
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathrynne A Warrick
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles N Vallez
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kiana Kawarizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omer Donmez
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Viral G Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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4
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Melis MJ, Miller M, Peters VBM, Singer M. The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:707-725. [PMID: 37144447 PMCID: PMC10167421 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Virtually every body system can be affected by this syndrome to greater or lesser extents. Gene transcription and downstream pathways are either up- or downregulated, albeit with considerable fluctuation over the course of the patient's illness. This multi-system complexity contributes to a pathophysiology that remains to be fully elucidated. Consequentially, little progress has been made to date in developing new outcome-improving therapeutics. Endocrine alterations are well characterised in sepsis with variations in circulating blood levels and/or receptor resistance. However, little attention has been paid to an integrated view of how these hormonal changes impact upon the development of organ dysfunction and recovery. Here, we present a narrative review describing the impact of the altered endocrine system on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune suppression, two interlinked and key aspects of sepsis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Melis
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muska Miller
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vera B M Peters
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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6
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:3112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term "Mitochondria nutrients" has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
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7
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The Role of Mitochondria in Metabolic Syndrome–Associated Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9196232. [PMID: 35783195 PMCID: PMC9246605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9196232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing rapidly. Evidence indicated that patients diagnosed with MS usually suffered from cardiomyopathy, called metabolic syndrome–associated cardiomyopathy (MSC). The clinical characteristics of MSC included cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, followed by heart failure. Despite many studies on this topic, the detailed mechanisms are not clear yet. As the center of cellular metabolism, mitochondria are crucial for maintaining heart function, while mitochondria dysfunction plays a vital role through mechanisms such as mitochondrial energy deprivation, calcium disorder, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) imbalance during the development of MSC. Accordingly, in this review, we will summarize the characteristics of MSC and especially focus on the mechanisms related to mitochondria. In addition, we will update new therapeutic strategies in this field.
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Kim SE, Jeong SI, Shim KM, Jang K, Park JS, Lim YM, Kang SS. In Vivo Evaluation of Gamma-Irradiated and Heparin-Immobilized Small-Diameter Polycaprolactone Vascular Grafts with VEGF in Aged Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061265. [PMID: 35335595 PMCID: PMC8955708 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of small-diameter vascular grafts depends on their antithrombogenic properties and ability to undergo accelerated endothelialization. The extreme hydrophobic nature of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hinders vascular tissue integration, limiting its use in medical implants. To enhance the antithrombogenicity of PCL as a biomaterial, we grafted 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) hydrochloride onto the PCL surface using gamma irradiation; developed a biodegradable heparin-immobilized PCL nanofibrous scaffold using gamma irradiation and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction chemistry; and incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the scaffold to promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and prevent thrombosis on the vascular grafts. We assessed the physicochemical properties of PCL, heparin-AEMA-PCL (H-PCL), and VEGF-loaded heparin-AEMA-PCL (VH-PCL) vascular grafts using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, toluidine blue O staining, and fibrinogen adsorption and surface wettability measurement. In addition, we implanted the vascular grafts into 24-month-old Sprague Dawley rats and evaluated them for 3 months. The H-PCL and VH-PCL vascular grafts improved the recovery of blood vessel function by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells and preventing thrombosis in clinical and histological evaluation, indicating their potential to serve as functional vascular grafts in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Kyung-Mi Shim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Jang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Youn-Mook Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
| | - Seong-Soo Kang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
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9
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Mehan S, Bhalla S, Siddiqui EM, Sharma N, Shandilya A, Khan A. Potential Roles of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Analogues in Dementia Targeting Impaired Insulin Secretion and Neurodegeneration. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 12:31-59. [PMID: 35300067 PMCID: PMC8921673 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s247153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic, irreversible condition marked by memory loss, cognitive decline, and mental instability. It is clinically related to various progressive neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s. The primary cause of neurological disorders is insulin desensitization, demyelination, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation accompanied by various aberrant proteins such as amyloid-β deposits, Lewy bodies accumulation, tau formation leading to neurofibrillary tangles. Impaired insulin signaling is directly associated with amyloid-β and α-synuclein deposition, as well as specific signaling cascades involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin dysfunction may initiate various intracellular signaling cascades, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Neuronal death, inflammation, neuronal excitation, mitochondrial malfunction, and protein deposition are all influenced by insulin. Recent research has focused on GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential therapeutic target. They increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion and are beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress and cytokine production. They reduce the deposition of abnormal proteins by crossing the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of insulin dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, specifically dementia. Additionally, we reviewed the therapeutic target (GLP-1) and its receptor activators as a possible treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: Sidharth Mehan, Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India, Tel +91 8059889909; +91 9461322911, Email ;
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Nederveen JP, Manta K, Bujak AL, Simone AC, Fuda MR, Nilsson MI, Hettinga BP, Hughes MC, Perry CGR, Tarnopolsky MA. A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Activates a Browning Program in White Adipose Tissue and Mitigates Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3726. [PMID: 34835983 PMCID: PMC8623014 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a novel multi-ingredient supplement comprised of polyphenol antioxidants and compounds known to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic enhancement (ME) in a mouse model of obesity. In this study, 6-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; ~60% fat) for 6 weeks, with subsequent allocation into experimentalgroups for 4 weeks: HFD control, HFD + ME10 (10 components), HFD + ME7 (7 components), HFD + ME10 + EX, HFD + EX (where '+EX' animals exercised 3 days/week), and chow-fed control. After the intervention, HFD control animals had significantly greater body weight and fat mass. Despite the continuation of HFD, animals supplemented with multi-ingredient ME or who performed exercise training showed an attenuation of fat mass and preservation of lean body mass, which was further enhanced when combined (ME+EX). ME supplementation stimulated the upregulation of white and brown adipose tissue mRNA transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, browning, fatty acid transport, and fat metabolism. In WAT depots, this was mirrored by mitochodrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression, and increased in vivo fat oxidation measured via CLAMS. ME supplementation also decreased systemic and local inflammation markers. Herein, we demonstrated that novel multi-ingredient nutritional supplements induced significant fat loss independent of physical activity while preserving muscle mass in obese mice. Mechanistically, these MEs appear to act by inducing a browning program in white adipose tissue and decreasing other pathophysiological impairments associated with obesity, including mitochondrial respiration alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Adam L. Bujak
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Alexander C. Simone
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Matthew R. Fuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Bart P. Hettinga
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Meghan C. Hughes
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
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12
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Cheng N, Mo Q, Donelson J, Wang L, Breton G, Rodney GG, Wang J, Hirschi KD, Wehrens XHT, Nakata PA. Crucial Role of Mammalian Glutaredoxin 3 in Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Diet-induced Obese Mice Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2871-2883. [PMID: 34345213 PMCID: PMC8326124 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress with the latter serving as a possible unifying link between obesity and cardiovascular complications. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) comprise one of the major antioxidant systems in the heart. Although Grx3 has been shown to act as an endogenous negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, its metabolic impact on cardiac function in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice remains largely unknown. In the present study, analysis of Grx3 expression indicated that Grx3 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, were significantly increased in the hearts of DIO mice. Cardiac-specific Grx3 deletion (Grx3 CKO) mice were viable and grew indistinguishably from their littermates after being fed a high fat diet (HFD) for one month, starting at 2 months of age. After being fed with a HFD for 8 months (starting at 2 months of age); however, Grx3 CKO DIO mice displayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction with a significant decrease in ejection fraction and fractional shortening that was associated with heart failure. ROS production was significantly increased in Grx3 CKO DIO cardiomyocytes compared to control cells. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant decline in the level of transcripts corresponding to genes associated with processes such as fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation, and citrate cycle in Grx3 CKO DIO mice compared to DIO controls. In contrast, an increase in the level of transcripts corresponding to genes associated with glucose uptake and utilization were found in Grx3 CKO DIO mice compared to DIO controls. Taken together, these findings indicate that Grx3 may play a critical role in redox balance and as a metabolic switch in cardiomyocytes contributing to the development and progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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13
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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14
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Onaolapo OJ, Omotoso SA, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-lipaemic effects of daily dietary coenzyme-Q10 supplement in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:380-388. [PMID: 33906592 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020666210427111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary model of metabolic syndrome has continued to aid our understanding of its pathogenesis and possible management interventions. However, despite progress in research, therapy continues to be challenging in humans; hence, the search for newer treatment and prevention options. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of dietary CQ10 supplementation on metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory markers in a diet-induced mouse model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Mouse groups were fed standard diet (SD), high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet, and SD or HFHS diet (with incorporated CQ10) at 60 and 120 mg/kg of feed respectively. At the completion of the study (8 weeks), blood glucose levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plasma insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-10, serum lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed. The liver was either homogenised for the assessment of antioxidant status or processed for general histology. RESULTS Dietary CQ10 mitigated HFHS diet-induced weight gain, decreased glucose, insulin and leptin levels; and increased adiponectin levels in mice. Coenzyme-Q10 improved the antioxidant status of the liver and blood in HFHS diet fed mice, while also decreasing lipid peroxidation. Lipid profile improved, level of TNF-α decreased and IL-10 increased following CQ10 diet. A mitigation of HFHS diet-induced alteration in liver morphology was also observed with CQ10. CONCLUSION Dietary CQ10 supplementation mitigates HFHS diet-induced changes in mice possibly through its anti-oxidant, anti-lipaemic and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Sarafa A Omotoso
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Olofinnade
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Nigeria
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15
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Wan L, Su Z, Li F, Gao P, Zhang X. MiR-122-5p suppresses neuropathic pain development by targeting PDK4. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:957-963. [PMID: 33566299 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis and limited efficacy of available treatment make neuropathic pain difficult for long periods of time. Several findings suggested the regulatory role of microRNA in the development of neuropathic pain. This study aims to investigate the functional role of miR-122-5p in the development of neuropathic pain. Down-regulation of miR-122-5p was observed in spinal cords of rats with neuropathic pain. We also found that overexpressing miR-122-5p by intrathecal injection of miR-122-5p lentivirus in a mouse model of chronic sciatic nerve injury (CCI) prevented neuropathic pain behavior. In HEK-293 T cells, luciferase activity was significantly decreased in the transfection group with mimic-miR-122-5p in wild-type PDK4 reporter, compared with mutant PDK4 reporter. Increased PDK4 expression was also observed during the progression of neuropathic pain. Intrathecal injection of both mimic-miR-122-5p and shPDK4 in CCI mice downregulated PDK4 expression to a lower level when compared with injected with shPDK4. In CCI mice, transfection of shPDK4 suppressed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, while co-transfection of shPDK4 and LV-miR-122-5p resulted in stronger levels of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia inhibition. Taken together, the data suggest that miR-122-5p inhibits PDK4 expression, attenuating neuropathic pain. This result suggests the potential role of miR-122-5p acting as a target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wan
- Department of Otolaryngological, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an Jiangsu, China
| | - Fayin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Joseph JS, Anand K, Malindisa ST, Fagbohun OF. Role of CaMKII in the regulation of fatty acids and lipid metabolism. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:589-594. [PMID: 33714133 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have reported the beneficial roles of the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II to many cellular functions associated with human health. This review aims at discussing its activation by exercise as well as its roles in the regulation of unsaturated, saturated, omega 3 fatty acids, and lipid metabolism. METHODS A wide literature search was conducted using online database such as 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar', 'Researcher', 'Scopus' and the website of World Health Organization (WHO) as well as Control Disease and Prevention (CDC). The criteria for the search were mainly lipid and fatty acid metabolism, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of ninety-seven articles were included in the review. RESULTS Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activation by exercise is helpful in controlling membrane lipids related with type 2 diabetes and obesity. CaMKII regulates many health beneficial cellular functions in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise. Regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty acids are crucial in the improvement of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Approaches that involve CaMKII could be a new avenue for designing novel and effective therapeutic modalities in the treatment or better management of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitcy S Joseph
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso T Malindisa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pediatrics, Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Krinock MJ, Singhal NS. Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:78-98. [PMID: 33638222 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical and translational studies have identified critical pathophysiological mediators of stroke risk, recurrence, and poor outcome in diabetic patients, including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Most clinical trials of diabetes and stroke have focused on treating hyperglycemia alone. Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread. Additional research into clinical therapies directed at diabetic pathophysiological processes to prevent stroke and improve outcome for diabetic stroke survivors is necessary. Resilience is the process of active adaptation to a stressor. In patients with diabetes, stroke recovery is impaired by insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which impair key neuroresilience pathways maintaining cerebrovascular integrity, resolving poststroke inflammation, stimulating neural plasticity, and preventing neurodegeneration. Our review summarizes the underpinnings of stroke risk in diabetes, the clinical consequences of stroke in diabetic patients, and proposes hypotheses and new avenues of research for therapeutics to stimulate neuroresilience pathways and improve stroke outcome in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Krinock
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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19
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Cha SH, Zhang C, Heo SJ, Jun HS. 5-Bromoprotocatechualdehyde Combats against Palmitate Toxicity by Inhibiting Parkin Degradation and Reducing ROS-Induced Mitochondrial Damage in Pancreatic β-Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020264. [PMID: 33572166 PMCID: PMC7914851 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell loss is critical in diabetes pathogenesis. Up to now, no effective treatment has become available for β-cell loss. A polyphenol recently isolated from Polysiphonia japonica, 5-Bromoprotocatechualdehyde (BPCA), is considered as a potential compound for the protection of β-cells. In this study, we examined palmitate (PA)-induced lipotoxicity in Ins-1 cells to test the protective effects of BPCA on insulin-secreting β-cells. Our results demonstrated that BPCA can protect β-cells from PA-induced lipotoxicity by reducing cellular damage, preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). BPCA also improved mitochondrial morphology by preserving parkin protein expression. Moreover, BPCA exhibited a protective effect against PA-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo in a zebrafish model. Our results provide strong evidence that BPCA could be a potential therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Chungcheongman-do 31962, Korea
- Department of Integrated of Bioindustry, Hanseo University, Chungcheongman-do 31962, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (S.-J.H.); (H.-S.J.); Tel./Fax: +82-41-660-1550 (S.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-32-899-6056 (H.-S.J.); Fax: +82-32-899-6057 (H.-S.J.)
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Integrated of Bioindustry, Hanseo University, Chungcheongman-do 31962, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Marine Research Center, Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (S.-J.H.); (H.-S.J.); Tel./Fax: +82-41-660-1550 (S.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-32-899-6056 (H.-S.J.); Fax: +82-32-899-6057 (H.-S.J.)
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (S.-J.H.); (H.-S.J.); Tel./Fax: +82-41-660-1550 (S.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-32-899-6056 (H.-S.J.); Fax: +82-32-899-6057 (H.-S.J.)
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20
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van Vliet S, Provenza FD, Kronberg SL. Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.555426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While commission reports and nutritional guidelines raise concerns about the effects of consuming red meat on human health, the impacts of how livestock are raised and finished on consumer health are generally ignored. Meat and milk, irrespective of rearing practices, provide many essential nutrients including bioavailable protein, zinc, iron, selenium, calcium, and/or B12. Emerging data indicate that when livestock are eating a diverse array of plants on pasture, additional health-promoting phytonutrients—terpenoids, phenols, carotenoids, and anti-oxidants—become concentrated in their meat and milk. Several phytochemicals found in grass-fed meat and milk are in quantities comparable to those found in plant foods known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cardioprotective effects. As meat and milk are often not considered as sources of phytochemicals, their presence has remained largely underappreciated in discussions of nutritional differences between feedlot-fed (grain-fed) and pasture-finished (grass-fed) meat and dairy, which have predominantly centered around the ω-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Grazing livestock on plant-species diverse pastures concentrates a wider variety and higher amounts of phytochemicals in meat and milk compared to grazing monoculture pastures, while phytochemicals are further reduced or absent in meat and milk of grain-fed animals. The co-evolution of plants and herbivores has led to plants/crops being more productive when grazed in accordance with agroecological principles. The increased phytochemical richness of productive vegetation has potential to improve the health of animals and upscale these nutrients to also benefit human health. Several studies have found increased anti-oxidant activity in meat and milk of grass-fed vs. grain-fed animals. Only a handful of studies have investigated the effects of grass-fed meat and dairy consumption on human health and show potential for anti-inflammatory effects and improved lipoprotein profiles. However, current knowledge does not allow for direct linking of livestock production practices to human health. Future research should systematically assess linkages between the phytochemical richness of livestock diets, the nutrient density of animal foods, and subsequent effects on human metabolic health. This is important given current societal concerns about red meat consumption and human health. Addressing this research gap will require greater collaborative efforts from the fields of agriculture and medicine.
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21
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Zhang Z, Nam HK, Crouch S, Hatch NE. Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Bone and Muscle Progenitor Cells: Control of Mitochondrial Respiration and ATP Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031140. [PMID: 33498907 PMCID: PMC7865776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP/Alpl) is associated with cell stemness; however, the function of TNAP in mesenchymal progenitor cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to establish an essential role for TNAP in bone and muscle progenitor cells. We investigated the impact of TNAP deficiency on bone formation, mineralization, and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. We also pursued studies of proliferation, mitochondrial function and ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells. We find that TNAP deficiency decreases trabecular bone volume fraction and trabeculation in addition to decreased mineralization. We also find that Alpl−/− mice (global TNAP knockout mice) exhibit muscle and motor coordination deficiencies similar to those found in individuals with hypophosphatasia (TNAP deficiency). Subsequent studies demonstrate diminished proliferation, with mitochondrial hyperfunction and increased ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells, plus intracellular expression of TNAP in TNAP+ cranial osteoprogenitors, bone marrow stromal cells, and skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Together, our results indicate that TNAP functions inside bone and muscle progenitor cells to influence mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. Future studies are required to establish mechanisms by which TNAP influences mitochondrial function and determine if modulation of TNAP can alter mitochondrial respiration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA;
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Spencer Crouch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-6567
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22
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Yap KH, Yee GS, Candasamy M, Tan SC, Md S, Abdul Majeed AB, Bhattamisra SK. Catalpol Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity and Mitochondrial Respiration in Skeletal Muscle of Type-2 Diabetic Mice Through Insulin Signaling Pathway and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ Activation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101360. [PMID: 32987623 PMCID: PMC7598587 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol was tested for various disorders including diabetes mellitus. Numerous molecular mechanisms have emerged supporting its biological effects but with little information towards its insulin sensitizing effect. In this study, we have investigated its effect on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and insulin signaling pathway. Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) was induced in male C57BL/6 by a high fat diet (60% Kcal) and streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Diabetic mice were orally administered with catalpol (100 and 200 mg/kg), metformin (200 mg/kg), and saline for four weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, plasma insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), oxygen consumption rate, gene (IRS-1, Akt, PI3k, AMPK, GLUT4, and PGC-1α) and protein (AMPK, GLUT4, and PPAR-γ) expression in muscle were measured. Catalpol (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the FBG, HbA1C, HOMA_IR index, and AUC of OGTT whereas, improved the ITT slope. Gene (IRS-1, Akt, PI3k, GLUT4, AMPK, and PGC-1α) and protein (AMPK, p-AMPK, PPAR-γ and GLUT4) expressions, as well as augmented state-3 respiration, oxygen consumption rate, and citrate synthase activity in muscle was observed in catalpol treated mice. The antidiabetic activity of catalpol is credited with a marked improvement in insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial respiration through the insulin signaling pathway and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ activation in the skeletal muscle of T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Heng Yap
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (S.C.T.)
| | - Gan Sook Yee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (G.S.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (G.S.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (S.C.T.)
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh-Selayang Medical-Dental Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia;
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (G.S.Y.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-3-27317310; Fax: +60-3-86567229
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23
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García-García FJ, Monistrol-Mula A, Cardellach F, Garrabou G. Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2785. [PMID: 32933003 PMCID: PMC7551996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world's population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Josep García-García
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Monistrol-Mula
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Xiong Y, Hai CX, Fang WJ, Lei YP, Li XM, Zhou XK. Endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine accumulation contributes to the suppression of myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:72. [PMID: 32855652 PMCID: PMC7445927 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suppressed mitochondrial biosynthesis has been reported to be the early signal of mitochondrial dysfunction which contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the mechanism of mitochondrial biosynthesis suppression is unclear. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is closely related to diabetic cardiovascular complications. This study was to determine whether endogenous ADMA accumulation was involved in the suppression of myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetic rats and to elucidate the potential mechanism in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat feeding plus single intraperitoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). The copy number ratio of mitochondrial gene to nuclear gene was measured to reflect mitochondrial biogenesis. The promoter activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and its post-translational modifications were detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay and immunoprecipitation. Results Myocardial ADMA content was enhanced and associated with suppressions of myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiac function in parallel with PGC-1α downregulation and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) upregulation in the myocardium of diabetic rats compared with control rats. Similarly, ADMA and its homolog could inhibit myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α expression, increase UCP2 expression and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ADMA also suppressed the promoter activity and PGC-1α expression but boosting its protein acetylation and phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Conclusions These results indicate that endogenous ADMA accumulation contributes to suppression of myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with reducing PGC-1α promoter activity and expression but boosting its protein acetylation and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong China.,Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Chun-Xia Hai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Wei-Jin Fang
- Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Yan-Ping Lei
- Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong China.,Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 Guangdong China
| | - Xin-Ke Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700 Guangdong China
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25
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Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Billur D, Durak A, Ozdemir S, Turan B. Ticagrelor reverses the mitochondrial dysfunction through preventing accumulated autophagosomes-dependent apoptosis and ER stress in insulin-resistant H9c2 myocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:97-107. [PMID: 32301059 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ticagrelor, a P2Y12-receptor inhibitor, and a non-thienopyridine agent are used to treat diabetic patients via its effects on off-target mechanisms. However, the exact sub-cellular mechanisms by which ticagrelor exerts those effects remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine whether ticagrelor influences directly the cardiomyocytes function under insulin resistance through affecting mitochondria-sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SER) cross-talk. Therefore, we analyzed the function and ultrastructure of mitochondria and SER in insulin resistance-mimicked (50-μM palmitic acid for 24-h) H9c2 cardiomyocytes in the presence or absence of ticagrelor (1-µM for 24-h). We found that ticagrelor treatment significantly prevented depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in reactive oxygen species with a marked increase in the ATP level in insulin-resistant H9c2 cells. Ticagrelor treatment also reversed the increases in the resting level of free Ca2+ and mRNA level of P2Y12 receptors as well as preserved ER stress and apoptosis in insulin-resistant H9c2 cells. Furthermore, we determined marked repression with ticagrelor treatment in the increased number of autophagosomes and degeneration of mitochondrion, including swelling and loss of crista besides recoveries in enlargement and irregularity seen in SER in insulin-resistant H9c2 cells. Moreover, ticagrelor treatment could prevent the altered mRNA levels of Becklin-1 and type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1), which are parallel to the preservation of ultrastructural ones. Our overall data demonstrated that ticagrelor can directly affect cardiomyocytes and provide marked protection against ER stress and dramatic induction of autophagosomes, and therefore, can alleviate the ER stress-induced oxidative stress increase and cell apoptosis during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Departments of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:33-53. [PMID: 32097997 PMCID: PMC7043970 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is increasingly discussed as a promising therapeutic approach, given that mitochondrial defects are thought to contribute to many prevalent diseases and their complications. In individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), defects in mitochondrial structure and function occur in many organs throughout the body, contributing both to the pathogenesis of DM and complications of DM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of increased heart failure in DM, and several mitochondrial mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. Well established mechanisms include myocardial energy depletion due to impaired adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and mitochondrial uncoupling, and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. A variety of upstream mechanisms of impaired ATP regeneration and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have been proposed, and recent studies now also suggest alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy, impaired mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, decreased cardiac adiponectin action, increased O-GlcNAcylation, and impaired activity of sirtuins to contribute to mitochondrial defects in DbCM, among others. In the current review, we present and discuss the evidence that underlies both established and recently proposed mechanisms that are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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27
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Wang R, Nakshatri H. Systemic Actions of Breast Cancer Facilitate Functional Limitations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010194. [PMID: 31941005 PMCID: PMC7016719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a disease of a specific organ, but its effects are felt throughout the body. The systemic effects of breast cancer can lead to functional limitations in patients who suffer from muscle weakness, fatigue, pain, fibromyalgia, or many other dysfunctions, which hasten cancer-associated death. Mechanistic studies have identified quite a few molecular defects in skeletal muscles that are associated with functional limitations in breast cancer. These include circulating cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β altering the levels or function of myogenic molecules including PAX7, MyoD, and microRNAs through transcriptional regulators such as NF-κB, STAT3, and SMADs. Molecular defects in breast cancer may also include reduced muscle mitochondrial content and increased extracellular matrix deposition leading to energy imbalance and skeletal muscle fibrosis. This review highlights recent evidence that breast cancer-associated molecular defects mechanistically contribute to functional limitations and further provides insights into therapeutic interventions in managing functional limitations, which in turn may help to improve quality of life in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-278-2238
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28
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Kim SA, Shin S. The Association between Coffee Consumption Pattern and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122992. [PMID: 31817748 PMCID: PMC6950377 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inconsistent results of epidemiologic studies suggest that the health effects of coffee vary depending on coffee consumption pattern, such as the type and amount of coffee intake. This study investigated the association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. In total, coffee consumption patterns in 14,132 participants were assessed based on two-day, 24-h recall data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between the type and daily servings of coffee and the prevalence of MetS. In women, the prevalence of MetS (odds ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96), elevated triglycerides (0.85; 0.75, 0.97), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C; 0.74; 0.66, 0.83) in 3-in-1 coffee consumers, as well as the prevalence of increased waist circumference (0.81; 0.68, 0.98) and reduced HDL-C (0.68; 0.59, 0.80) in black coffee consumers, were significantly lower compared to non-coffee consumers. Also, the inverse associations between total coffee intake, black coffee intake, and 3-in-1 coffee intake with MetS or components of MetS were more significant in individuals who consumed >1 versus ≤1 serving/day. In conclusion, coffee consumption (regardless of type) was associated with a reduced prevalence of MetS and its components in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangah Shin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-3259; Fax: +82-31-675-1381
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29
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Pinckard K, Baskin KK, Stanford KI. Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:69. [PMID: 31214598 PMCID: PMC6557987 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that affects whole body metabolism and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical exercise results in numerous health benefits and is an important tool to combat obesity and its co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease. Exercise prevents both the onset and development of cardiovascular disease and is an important therapeutic tool to improve outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. Some benefits of exercise include enhanced mitochondrial function, restoration and improvement of vasculature, and the release of myokines from skeletal muscle that preserve or augment cardiovascular function. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms through which exercise promotes cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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30
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Marston KJ, Brown BM, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ. Resistance Exercise-Induced Responses in Physiological Factors Linked with Cognitive Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:39-64. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J. Marston
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Ježková J, Ďurovcová V, Wenchich L, Hansíková H, Zeman J, Hána V, Marek J, Lacinová Z, Haluzík M, Kršek M. The relationship of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of insulin resistance in Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1459-1471. [PMID: 31695455 PMCID: PMC6707348 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s209095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cushing's syndrome is characterized by metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one pathogenic factor in the development of insulin resistance in patients with obesity. We explored whether mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with insulin resistance and other metabolic complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the changes of mRNA expression of genes encoding selected subunits of oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and citrate synthase (CS) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and peripheral monocytes (PM) and mitochondrial enzyme activity in platelets of 24 patients with active Cushing's syndrome and in 9 of them after successful treatment and 22 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Patients with active Cushing's syndrome had significantly increased body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum lipids relative to the control group. The expression of all investigated genes for selected mitochondrial proteins was decreased in SCAT in patients with active Cushing's syndrome and remained decreased after successful treatment. The expression of most tested genes in SCAT correlated inversely with BMI and HOMA-IR. The expression of genes encoding selected OXPHOS subunits and CS was increased in PM in patients with active Cushing's syndrome with a tendency to decrease toward normal levels after cure. Patients with active Cushing's syndrome showed increased enzyme activity of complex I (NQR) in platelets. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial function in SCAT in patients with Cushing's syndrome is impaired and only slightly affected by its treatment which may reflect ongoing metabolic disturbances even after successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ježková
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: Jana JežkováThird Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 1128 02 Praha 2, Prague, Czech RepublicTel +420 60 641 2613Fax +420 22 491 9780Email
| | - Viktória Ďurovcová
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laszlo Wenchich
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hána
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Marek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Lacinová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Tissue of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: The Effects of Overweight and Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6598326. [PMID: 30647815 PMCID: PMC6311809 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6598326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with oxidative stress and myocardial dysfunction. We hypothesized that obesity affects cardiac function and morbidity by causing alterations in enzymatic redox patterns. Methods Sixty-one patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included in the study. Excessive right atrial myocardial tissue emerging from the operative connection to the extracorporeal circulation was harvested. Patients were assigned to control (n = 19, body mass index (BMI): <25 kg/m2), overweight (n = 25, 25 kg/m2 < BMI < 30 kg/m2), or obese (n = 17, BMI: >30 kg/m2) groups. Oxidative enzyme systems were studied directly in the cardiac muscles of patients undergoing CABG who were grouped according to BMI. Molecular biological methods and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to detect the expression and activity of oxidative enzymes and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results We found increased levels of ROS and increased expression of ROS-producing enzymes (i.e., p47phox, xanthine oxidase) and decreased antioxidant defense mechanisms (mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, heme oxygenase-1, and eNOS) in line with elevated inflammatory markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in the right atrial myocardial tissue and by trend also in serum (sVCAM-1 and CCL5/RANTES). Conclusion Increasing BMI in patients undergoing CABG is related to altered myocardial redox patterns, which indicates increased oxidative stress with inadequate antioxidant compensation. These changes suggest that the myocardium of obese patients suffering from coronary artery disease is more susceptible to cardiomyopathy and possible damage by ischemia and reperfusion, for example, during cardiac surgery.
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Lefranc C, Friederich-Persson M, Palacios-Ramirez R, Nguyen Dinh Cat A. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in obesity: role of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R143-R159. [PMID: 29875164 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted, chronic, low-grade inflammation disease characterized by excess accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue. It is often associated with the development of cardiovascular (CV) disorders, insulin resistance and diabetes. Under pathological conditions like in obesity, adipose tissue secretes bioactive molecules called 'adipokines', including cytokines, hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence suggesting that oxidative stress, in particular, the ROS imbalance in adipose tissue, may be the mechanistic link between obesity and its associated CV and metabolic complications. Mitochondria in adipose tissue are an important source of ROS and their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial function is regulated by several factors in order to preserve mitochondria integrity and dynamics. Moreover, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is over-activated in obesity. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the adipose tissue and its contribution to obesity-associated metabolic and CV complications. More specifically, we discuss whether dysregulation of the mineralocorticoid system within the adipose tissue may be the upstream mechanism and one of the early events in the development of obesity, via induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus impacting on systemic metabolism and the CV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lefranc
- INSERMUMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Roberto Palacios-Ramirez
- INSERMUMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- INSERMUMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Joseph JS, Ayeleso AO, Mukwevho E. Importance of CaMKII activation in the regulation of adiposomes and ATP concentration in rat skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0035919x.2018.1476421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitcy S. Joseph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Ademola O. Ayeleso
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Nirwane A, Majumdar A. Understanding mitochondrial biogenesis through energy sensing pathways and its translation in cardio-metabolic health. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:194-206. [PMID: 29072101 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1391847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in physiological energy governance. Mitochondrial biogenesis comprises growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria, triggered by environmental stressors such as endurance exercise, caloric restriction, cold exposure and oxidative stress. For normal physiology, balance between energy intake, storage and expenditure is of utmost important for the coordinated regulation of energy homeostasis. In contrast, abnormalities in these regulations render the individual susceptible to cardiometabolic disorders. This review provides a comprehensive coverage and understanding on mitochondrial biogenesis achieved through energy-sensing pathways. This includes the complex coordination of nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial events involving energy sensors, transcription factors, coactivators and regulators. It focuses on the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiometabolic health. Lastly, converging on the benefits of caloric restriction and endurance exercise in achieving cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
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Wang JL, Chen CW, Tsai MR, Liu SF, Hung TJ, Yu-Ju-Hung, Chang WT, Shi MD, Hsieh PF, Yang YL. Antifibrotic role of PGC-1α-siRNA against TGF-β1-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:160-167. [PMID: 29913155 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated as an established risk factor for the development of renal fibrosis. However, whether PGC-1α is involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is unknown. In this study, we treated NRK-49F (normal rat kidney fibroblast) cells with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) for 24 h to establish an in vitro fibrosis model. TGF-β1 induced the upregulation of type I collagen, fibronectin, TGF-β receptor I (TGFβ-RI), TGFβ-RII, Smad4, and pSmad2/3, as well as PGC-1α. NRK-49F cells transfected with pcDNA-PGC-1α showed significantly increased expression of fibronectin and type I collagen, as revealed by western blot assay. Interestingly, transfection with PGC-1α-siRNA caused a stark reversal of TGF-β1-induced cellular fibrosis, with concomitant suppression of fibronectin and type I collagen, as revealed by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, SB431542 (TGFβ-RI), LY294002 (PI3K/Akt), and SB203580 (p38 MAPK), inhibitors of TGF-β-associated pathways, markedly suppressed TGF-β1-induced PGC-1α upregulation. These results implicate a role of PGC-1α in renal interstitial fibrosis mediated via the TGFβ-RI, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK pathways. Our findings that PGC-1α-siRNA downregulates fibronectin and type I collagen suggest that it can be used as a novel molecular treatment for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chin-Wang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Rou Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Jeu Hung
- Department of Early Childhood Caring and Education, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ju-Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Teng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Technology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Meeprom A, Chan CB, Sompong W, Adisakwattana S. Isoferulic acid attenuates methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cell through mitochondrial survival pathways and increasing glyoxalase-1 activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Fan DX, Yang XH, Li YN, Guo L. 17β-Estradiol on the Expression of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER/GPR30) Mitophagy, and the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in ATDC5 Chondrocytes In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1936-1947. [PMID: 29608013 PMCID: PMC5898603 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a progressive inflammatory joint disease resulting in damage to articular cartilage. G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) activates cell signaling in response to 17β-estradiol, which can be blocked by the GPR30 agonist, G15, an analog of G-1. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol on the expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) on mitophagy and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ATDC5 chondrocytes in vitro. Material/Methods Cultured ATDC5 chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol with and without G15, p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, S1737), and mTOR inhibitor (S1842). Expression of GPER/GPR30 and components of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cultured ATDC5 chondrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IF were used to detect mitophagosomes. Expression of LC-3, LAMP2, TOM20, Hsp60, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p38, and p-JNK was investigated by Western blot. Proliferation and viability of the ATDC5 chondrocytes were determined using BrdU and MTT assays. Results In 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes, increased expression of GPER/GPR30 was found, but fewer mitophagosomes were observed, and decreased numbers of TOM20-positive granules were co-localized with decreased LAMP2 and increased expression levels of TOM20, Hsp60, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, and reduced expression of LC3-II, were found. In 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes, the proliferation and viability of the 17β-estradiol-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes were significantly elevated. Conclusions Treatment with 17β-estradiol protected ATDC5 chondrocytes against mitophagy via the GPER/GPR30 and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xiao Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, , China (mainland)
| | - Xu-Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Révész D, Verhoeven JE, Picard M, Lin J, Sidney S, Epel ES, Penninx BWJH, Puterman E. Associations Between Cellular Aging Markers and Metabolic Syndrome: Findings From the CARDIA Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:148-157. [PMID: 29053810 PMCID: PMC5761498 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is thought to promote biological aging, which might lead to cardiovascular and aging-related complications. This large-scale study investigated longitudinal relationships between MetS, its components, and cellular aging markers: leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL). Methods We included 989 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. MtDNAcn [study year (Y) 15, Y25] and TL (Y15, Y20, Y25) were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MetS components [waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose] were determined (Y15, Y20, Y25). Generalized estimated equation and linear regression models, adjusting for sociodemographics and lifestyle, were used to examine associations between MetS and cellular aging at all time points, baseline MetS and 10-year changes in cellular aging, baseline cellular aging and 10-year changes in MetS, and 10-year changes in MetS and 10-year changes in cellular aging. Results MtDNAcn and TL were negatively associated with age [mtDNAcn unstandardized β (B) = -4.76; P < 0.001; TL B = -51.53; P < 0.001] and positively correlated (r = 0.152; P < 0.001). High triglycerides were associated with low mtDNAcn and low HDL cholesterol with short TL. Greater Y15 waist circumference (B = -7.23; P = 0.05), glucose (B = -13.29; P = 0.001), number of metabolic dysregulations (B = -7.72; P = 0.02), and MetS (B = -28.86; P = 0.006) predicted greater 10-year decrease in mtDNAcn but not TL. The 10-year increase in waist circumference was associated with 10-year telomere attrition (B = -27.61; P = 0.04). Conclusions Our longitudinal data showed that some metabolic dysregulations were associated with mtDNAcn and TL decreases, possibly contributing to accelerated cellular aging but not the converse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Révész
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Josine E. Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology and CTNI, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California 94612
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Puterman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Ho GT, Aird RE, Liu B, Boyapati RK, Kennedy NA, Dorward DA, Noble CL, Shimizu T, Carter RN, Chew ETS, Morton NM, Rossi AG, Sartor RB, Iredale JP, Satsangi J. MDR1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and promotes intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:120-130. [PMID: 28401939 PMCID: PMC5510721 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene encodes an ATP-dependent efflux transporter that is highly expressed in the colon. In mice, loss of MDR1 function results in colitis with similarities to human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here, we show that MDR1 has an unexpected protective role for the mitochondria where MDR1 deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) driving the development of colitis. Exogenous induction of mROS accelerates, while inhibition attenuates colitis in vivo; these effects are amplified in MDR1 deficiency. In human IBD, MDR1 is negatively correlated to SOD2 gene expression required for mROS detoxification. To provide direct evidential support, we deleted intestinal SOD2 gene in mice and showed an increased susceptibility to colitis. We exploited the genome-wide association data sets and found many (∼5%) of IBD susceptibility genes with direct roles in regulating mitochondria homeostasis. As MDR1 primarily protects against xenotoxins via its efflux function, our findings implicate a distinct mitochondrial toxin+genetic susceptibility interaction leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, a novel pathogenic mechanism that could offer many new therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Tzer Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rhona E Aird
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bo Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032, USA
| | - Ray K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Colin L Noble
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, University of Chiba, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Roderick N Carter
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Etienne TS Chew
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032, USA
| | - John P Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Pambianco S, Giovarelli M, Perrotta C, Zecchini S, Cervia D, Di Renzo I, Moscheni C, Ripolone M, Violano R, Moggio M, Bassi MT, Puri PL, Latella L, Clementi E, De Palma C. Reversal of Defective Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2D by Independent Modulation of Histone and PGC-1α Acetylation. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3010-3023. [PMID: 27974213 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many muscle degenerative disorders. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2D patients and mice and was associated with impaired OxPhos capacity. Two distinct approaches that modulated histones or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) acetylation exerted equivalent functional effects by targeting different mitochondrial pathways (mitochondrial biogenesis or fatty acid oxidation[FAO]). The histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) changed chromatin assembly at the PGC-1α promoter, restored mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced muscle oxidative capacity. Conversely, nitric oxide (NO) triggered post translation modifications of PGC-1α and induced FAO, recovering the bioenergetics impairment of muscles but shunting the defective mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, a transcriptional blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in LGMD-2D and could be recovered by TSA changing chromatin conformation, or it could be overcome by NO activating a mitochondrial salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pambianco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular Unit, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Violano
- Neuromuscular Unit, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular Unit, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Pharmacology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00142 Roma, Italy; Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Prebys Burnham Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lucia Latella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Pharmacology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00142 Roma, Italy; National Research Council-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00179 Roma, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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Sortino MA, Salomone S, Carruba MO, Drago F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights into the Therapeutic Approach with Inositols. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28642705 PMCID: PMC5463048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal abnormalities that cause menstrual irregularity and reduce ovulation rate and fertility, associated to insulin resistance. Myo-inositol (cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, MI) and D-chiro-inositol (cis-1,2,4-trans-3,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, DCI) represent promising treatments for PCOS, having shown some therapeutic benefits without substantial side effects. Because the use of inositols for treating PCOS is widespread, a deep understanding of this treatment option is needed, both in terms of potential mechanisms and efficacy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biological effects of MI and DCI and the results obtained from relevant intervention studies with inositols in PCOS. Based on the published results, both MI and DCI represent potential valid therapeutic approaches for the treatment of insulin resistance and its associated metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as those occurring in women affected by PCOS. Furthermore, the combination MI/DCI seems also effective and might be even superior to either inositol species alone. However, based on available data, a particular MI:DCI ratio to be administered to PCOS patients cannot be established. Further studies are then necessary to understand the real contents of MI or DCI uptaken by the ovary following oral administration in order to identify optimal doses and/or combination ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sortino
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Center for the Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, Catania UniversityCatania, Italy
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Jankovic A, Korac A, Buzadzic B, Stancic A, Otasevic V, Ferdinandy P, Daiber A, Korac B. Targeting the NO/superoxide ratio in adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and diabetes management. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1570-1590. [PMID: 27079449 PMCID: PMC5446578 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis depend on the capacity of adipose tissue to take up and utilize excess glucose and fatty acids. The key aspects that determine the fuel-buffering capacity of adipose tissue depend on the physiological levels of the small redox molecule, nitric oxide (NO). In addition to impairment of NO synthesis, excessive formation of the superoxide anion (О2•- ) in adipose tissue may be an important interfering factor diverting the signalling of NO and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in obesity, resulting in metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue over time. Besides its role in relief from superoxide burst, enhanced NO signalling may be responsible for the therapeutic benefits of different superoxide dismutase mimetics, in obesity and experimental diabetes models. This review summarizes the role of NO in adipose tissue and highlights the effects of NO/О2•- ratio 'teetering' as a promising pharmacological target in the metabolic syndrome. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron MicroscopyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Pharmahungary GroupSzegedHungary
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology ‐ Cardiology 1, Molecular CardiologyUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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Incalza MA, D'Oria R, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 100:1-19. [PMID: 28579545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation of reactive ROS and antioxidant defense systems represents the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage in both metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. Endothelial activation is the first alteration observed, and is characterized by an abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. This ultimately leads to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impairment of the vascular tone and other endothelial phenotypic changes collectively termed endothelial dysfunction(s). This review will focus on the main mechanisms involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction, with particular focus on inflammation and aberrant ROS production and on their relationship with classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging. Furthermore, new mediators of vascular damage, such as microRNAs, will be discussed. Understanding mechanisms underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction is an important base of knowledge to prevent vascular damage in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Perspective: A Historical and Scientific Perspective of Sugar and Its Relation with Obesity and Diabetes. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:412-422. [PMID: 28507007 PMCID: PMC5421126 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-containing added sugars, such as sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, have been experimentally, epidemiologically, and clinically shown to be involved in the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Here we track this history of intake of sugar as it relates to these epidemics. Key experimental studies that have identified mechanisms by which fructose causes obesity and diabetes are reviewed, as well as the evidence that the uricase mutation that occurred in the mid-Miocene in ancestral humans acted as a "thrifty gene" that increases our susceptibility for fructose-associated obesity today. We briefly review recent evidence that obesity can also be induced by nondietary sources of fructose, such as from the metabolism of glucose (from high-glycemic carbohydrates) through the polyol pathway. These studies suggest that fructose-induced obesity is driven by engagement of a "fat switch" and provide novel insights into new approaches for the prevention and treatment of these important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO;
| | | | - Peter Andrews
- Natural History Museum, London, England; and
- Department of Anthropology, University College, London, England
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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46
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Bhatti JS, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders - A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1066-1077. [PMID: 27836629 PMCID: PMC5423868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are involved in essential functions of the cell, including ATP production, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, reactive oxygen species production & scavenging, regulation of apoptotic cell death and activation of the caspase family of proteases. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are largely involved in aging, cancer, age-related neurodegenerative and metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding mitochondrial structure, function and their physiology in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, obesity, stroke and hypertension, and heart disease. Further, progress has also been made in developing therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle interventions (healthy diet and regular exercise), pharmacological strategies and mitochondria-targeted approaches. These strategies were mainly focused to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and to maintain mitochondrial quality in metabolic syndromes. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent progress on the mitochondrial role in metabolic syndromes and also summarize the progress of mitochondria-targeted molecules as therapeutic targets to treat metabolic syndromes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh 160019, India; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- UGC Centre of Excellence in Nano applications, Panjab University, UIPS building, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neuroscience & Pharmacology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States
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47
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Cerny D, Sartori C, Rimoldi SF, Meister T, Soria R, Bouillet E, Scherrer U, Rexhaj E. Assisted Reproductive Technologies Predispose to Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Male Mice Challenged With a High-Fat Diet. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1152-1159. [PMID: 28323978 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) alters glucose homeostasis in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. ART induces endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension by epigenetic alteration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene. In eNOS-deficient mice, insulin resistance is related to impaired insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow and substrate delivery and defective intrinsic skeletal muscle glucose uptake. We therefore assessed glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp), insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow in vivo, and muscle glucose uptake in vitro in male ART and control mice fed a normal chow (NC) or challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) during 8 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were similar in NC-fed animals. When challenged with a HFD, however, ART mice developed exaggerated obesity, fasting hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, and a 20% lower insulin-stimulated glucose utilization than did control mice (steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR), 51.3 ± 7.3 vs 64.0 ± 10.8 mg/kg/min, P = 0.012). ART-induced insulin resistance was associated with defective insulin stimulation of muscle blood flow, whereas intrinsic skeletal muscle glucose uptake was normal. In conclusion, ART-induced endothelial dysfunction, when challenged with a metabolic stress, facilitates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Similar mechanisms may contribute to ART-induced alterations of the metabolic phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cerny
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano F Rimoldi
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Théo Meister
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1775 Arica, Chile
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Departments of Cardiology
- Clinical Research, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Cui L, Guo J, Zhang Q, Yin J, Li J, Zhou W, Zhang T, Yuan H, Zhao J, Zhang L, Carmichael PL, Peng S. Erythropoietin activates SIRT1 to protect human cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2017; 275:28-38. [PMID: 28456571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) has been demonstrated to protect against chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We hypothesized that silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and mediating the beneficial effect of EPO. Our study in human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells showed that DOX-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, as manifested by decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, can be mitigated by EPO pretreatment. EPO was found to upregulate SIRT1 activity and protein expression to reverse DOX-induced acetylation of PGC-1α and suppression of a suite of PGC-1α-activated genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, such as nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), citrate synthase (CS), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV), and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Silencing of SIRT1 via small RNA interference sensitized AC16 cells to DOX-induced cytotoxicity and reduction in mtDNA copy number. Although with SIRT1 silenced, EPO could reverse to some extent DOX-induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion, it failed to normalize protein expression of PGC-1α and its downstream genes. Taken together, our results indicated that EPO may activate SIRT1 to enhance mitochondrial function and protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cui
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Yin
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jin Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tingfen Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
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Vettor R, Inzucchi SE, Fioretto P. The cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin: SGLT2-dependent and -independent effects. Diabetologia 2017; 60:395-398. [PMID: 28074254 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vettor
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paola Fioretto
- Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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50
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Bhatti JS, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Therapeutic Strategies for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 146:13-46. [PMID: 28253984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex, intercellular organelles present in the cells and are involved in multiple roles including ATP formation, free radicals generation and scavenging, calcium homeostasis, cellular differentiation, and cell death. Many studies depicted the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in aging and pathogenesis of age-related metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Remarkable advancements have been made in understanding the structure, function, and physiology of mitochondria in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Further, much progress has been done in the improvement of therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological, and mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches. These strategies were mainly focused to reduce the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and to retain the mitochondrial health in various diseases. In this chapter, we have highlighted the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of various disorders and recent progress in the development of mitochondria-targeted molecules as therapeutic measures for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bhatti
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - S Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - M Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - G K Bhatti
- UGC Centre of Excellence in Nano Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P H Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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