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Li TC, Lin CC, Liu CS, Lin CH, Yang SY, Li CI. Heritability of carotid intima-media thickness and inflammatory factors of atherosclerosis in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20440. [PMID: 39227703 PMCID: PMC11371917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, has been found to be associated with incident stroke. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen have been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis. Previous studies on heritability estimates of IMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among Chinese populations are limited. This study aims to estimate the heritability of these risk factors in residents who participated in the Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS) and their family members. A total of 2671 study subjects from 805 families were enrolled in the study, selected from a random sample of TCHS participants and their family members. CRP, and fibrinogen were obtained from each participant, and a questionnaire interview was conducted. cIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and expressed as the mean of the maximum. Heritability estimates and the familial correlation of cIMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among family pairs were determined with SAGE software. With multivariate adjustments, significant heritability was found for cIMT (h2 = 0.26, P < 0.001), CRP (h2 = 0.34, P < 0.001), and fibrinogen (h2 = 0.48, P < 0.001). The intrafamilial correlation coefficients for the three indexes in the parent-offspring pairs were significant (P < 0.001) and ranged from 0.17 to 0.41. The full sibship correlations were also significant (P < 0.001) for the three indexes and ranged from 0.19 to 0.47. This study indicates that a moderate proportion of the variability in CRP, fibrinogen, and cIMT can be attributed to genetic factors in Chinese populations. The findings suggest that CRP is associated with cIMT, whereas no significant association exists between fibrinogen and cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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2
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Sakkers TR, Mokry M, Civelek M, Erdmann J, Pasterkamp G, Diez Benavente E, den Ruijter HM. Sex differences in the genetic and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117279. [PMID: 37805337 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) presentation, risk factors and prognosis have been widely studied. Similarly, studies on atherosclerosis have shown prominent sex differences in plaque biology. Our understanding of the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remains fragmented and largely understudied. Through reviewing genetic and epigenetic studies, we identified more than 40 sex-differential candidate genes (13 within known CAD loci) that may explain, at least in part, sex differences in vascular remodeling, lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. Studies with transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing data from atherosclerotic plaques highlight potential sex differences in smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell biology. Especially, phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells seems to play a crucial role in female atherosclerosis. This matches the known sex differences in atherosclerotic phenotypes, with men being more prone to lipid-rich plaques, while women are more likely to develop fibrous plaques with endothelial dysfunction. To unravel the complex mechanisms that drive sex differences in CAD, increased statistical power and adjustments to study designs and analysis strategies are required. This entails increasing inclusion rates of women, performing well-defined sex-stratified analyses and the integration of multi-omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Sakkers
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1335 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Vojinovic D, Kavousi M, Ghanbari M, Brouwer RWW, van Rooij JGJ, van den Hout MCGN, Kraaij R, van Ijcken WFJ, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Amin N. Whole-Genome Linkage Scan Combined With Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Candidate Genes for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Front Genet 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30356672 PMCID: PMC6189289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an established heritable marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we aim to identify rare variants with large effects driving differences in cIMT by performing genome-wide linkage analysis of individuals in the extremes of cIMT trait distribution (>90th percentile) in a large family-based study from a genetically isolated population in the Netherlands. Linked regions were subsequently explored by fine-mapping using exome sequencing. We observed significant evidence of linkage on chromosomes 2p16.3 [rs1017418, heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) = 3.35], 19q13.43 (rs3499, HLOD = 9.09), 20p13 (rs1434789, HLOD = 4.10), and 21q22.12 (rs2834949, HLOD = 3.59). Fine-mapping using exome sequencing data identified a non-coding variant (rs62165235) in PNPT1 gene under the linkage peak at chromosome 2 that is likely to have a regulatory function. The variant was associated with quantitative cIMT in the family-based study population (effect = 0.27, p-value = 0.013). Furthermore, we identified several genes under the linkage peak at chromosome 21 highly expressed in tissues relevant for atherosclerosis. To conclude, our linkage analysis identified four genomic regions significantly linked to cIMT. Further analyses are needed to demonstrate involvement of identified candidate genes in development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vojinovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G J van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C G N van den Hout
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van Ijcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Asthma is associated with carotid arterial injury in children: The Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) Cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204708. [PMID: 30261051 PMCID: PMC6160166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults, but the impact of asthma and atopic conditions on CVD risk in children is less well established. We hypothesized that children in the Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) Cohort with asthma and atopic conditions would have early carotid arterial injury. METHODS The COAST study is a longitudinal birth cohort of children at increased risk of developing asthma. Children underwent ultrasonography measuring far wall right carotid bifurcation (RCB) and common carotid artery (RCCA) intima-media thickness (IMT; a measure of arterial injury). Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, race, blood pressure, and body-mass index were used to assess associations of asthma and markers of arterial injury. RESULTS The 89 participants were a mean (standard deviation) 15.3 (0.6) years old and 42% were female; 28 asthmatics had atopic disease, 34 asthmatics were without other atopic disease, and 15 non-asthmatics had atopic disease. This study population was compared to 12 controls (participants free of asthma or atopic disease). Compared to controls (589 μm), those with atopic disease (653 μm, p = 0.07), asthma (649 μm, p = 0.05), or both (677 μm, p = 0.005) had progressively higher RCB IMT values (ptrend = 0.011). In adjusted models, asthmatic and/or atopic participants had significantly higher RCB IMT than those without asthma or atopic disease (all p≤0.03). Similar relationships were found for RCCA IMT. CONCLUSION Adolescents with asthma and other atopic diseases have an increased risk of subclinical arterial injury compared to children without asthma or other atopic disease.
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Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and therefore, assessing the genetic versus environmental background of CAS traits is of key importance. Carotid intima-media-thickness and plaque characteristics seem to be moderately heritable, with remarkable differences in both heritability and presence or severity of these traits among ethnicities. Although the considerable role of additive genetic effects is obvious, based on the results so far, there is an important emphasis on non-shared environmental factors as well. We aimed to collect and summarize the papers that investigate twin and family studies assessing the phenotypic variance attributable to genetic associations with CAS. Genes in relation to CAS markers were overviewed with a focus on genetic association studies and genome-wide association studies. Although the role of certain genes is confirmed by studies conducted on large populations and meta-analyses, many of them show conflicting results. A great focus should be on future studies elucidating the exact pathomechanism of these genes in CAS in order to imply them as novel therapeutic targets.
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Arya R, Escalante A, Farook VS, Restrepo JF, Battafarano DF, Almeida M, Kos MZ, Fourcaudot MJ, Mummidi S, Kumar S, Curran JE, Jenkinson CP, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Del Rincon I. A genetic association study of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque in Mexican Americans and European Americans with rheumatoid arthritis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 271:92-101. [PMID: 29482039 PMCID: PMC5886018 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little is known about specific genetic determinants of carotid-intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have used the Metabochip array to fine map and replicate loci that influence variation in these phenotypes in Mexican Americans (MAs) and European Americans (EAs). METHODS CIMT and plaque were measured using ultrasound from 700 MA and 415 EA patients with RA and we conducted association analyses with the Metabochip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using PLINK. RESULTS In MAs, 12 SNPs from 11 chromosomes and 6 SNPs from 6 chromosomes showed suggestive associations (p < 1 × 10-4) with CIMT and plaque, respectively. The strongest association was observed between CIMT and rs17526722 (SLC17A2 gene) (β ± SE = -0.84 ± 0.18, p = 3.80 × 10-6). In EAs, 9 SNPs from 7 chromosomes and 7 SNPs from 7 chromosomes showed suggestive associations with CIMT and plaque, respectively. The top association for CIMT was observed with rs1867148 (PPCDC gene, β ± SE = -0.28 ± 0.06, p = 5.11 × 10-6). We also observed strong association between plaque and two novel loci: rs496916 from COL4A1 gene (OR = 0.51, p = 3.15 × 10-6) in MAs and rs515291 from SLCA13 gene (OR = 0.50, p = 3.09 × 10-5) in EAs. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel associations between CIMT and variants in SLC17A2 and PPCDC genes, and between plaque and variants from COL4A1 and SLCA13 that may pinpoint new candidate risk loci for subclinical atherosclerosis associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | - Agustin Escalante
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vidya S Farook
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Jose F Restrepo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mark Z Kos
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Marcel J Fourcaudot
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Inmaculada Del Rincon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kamal Y, Elrashid M, Elmasry M. Diagnostic utility of ankle-brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness as non-invasive predictors of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/jccr.2018.11.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Shendre A, Wiener HW, Irvin MR, Aouizerat BE, Overton ET, Lazar J, Liu C, Hodis HN, Limdi NA, Weber KM, Gange SJ, Zhi D, Floris-Moore MA, Ofotokun I, Qi Q, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Shrestha S. Genome-wide admixture and association study of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188725. [PMID: 29206233 PMCID: PMC5714351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity among HIV-infected individuals. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cCIMT) is a valid and reliable subclinical measure of atherosclerosis and is known to predict CVD. We performed genome-wide association (GWA) and admixture analysis among 682 HIV-positive and 288 HIV-negative Black, non-Hispanic women from the Women’s Interagency HIV study (WIHS) cohort using a combined and stratified analysis approach. We found some suggestive associations but none of the SNPs reached genome-wide statistical significance in our GWAS analysis. The top GWAS SNPs were rs2280828 in the region intergenic to mediator complex subunit 30 and exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (MED30 | EXT1) among all women, rs2907092 in the catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) gene among HIV-positive women, and rs7529733 in the region intergenic to family with sequence similarity 5, member C and regulator of G-protein signaling 18 (FAM5C | RGS18) genes among HIV-negative women. The most significant local European ancestry associations were in the region intergenic to the zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5D gene and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 1 (ZSCAN5D | NDUF1) pseudogene on chromosome 19 among all women, in the region intergenic to vomeronasal 1 receptor 6 pseudogene and zinc finger protein 845 (VN1R6P | ZNF845) gene on chromosome 19 among HIV-positive women, and in the region intergenic to the SEC23-interacting protein and phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1A (SEC23IP | PPAPDC1A) genes located on chromosome 10 among HIV-negative women. A number of previously identified SNP associations with cCIMT were also observed and included rs2572204 in the ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) and an admixture region in the secretion-regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SERGEF) gene. We report several SNPs and gene regions in the GWAS and admixture analysis, some of which are common across HIV-positive and HIV-negative women as demonstrated using meta-analysis, and also across the two analytic approaches (i.e., GWA and admixture). These findings suggest that local European ancestry plays an important role in genetic associations of cCIMT among black women from WIHS along with other environmental factors that are related to CVD and may also be triggered by HIV. These findings warrant confirmation in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bradley E. Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jason Lazar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health and Hospital System/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illnois, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Gange
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Floris-Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Emory University, and Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David B. Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Shendre A, Wiener H, Irvin MR, Zhi D, Limdi NA, Overton ET, Wassel CL, Divers J, Rotter JI, Post WS, Shrestha S. Admixture Mapping of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Subsequent Clinical Events Among African Americans in 2 Large Cohort Studies. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2017; 10:e001569. [PMID: 28408707 PMCID: PMC5396391 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local ancestry may contribute to the disproportionate burden of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease among admixed African Americans compared with other populations, suggesting a rationale for admixture mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS We estimated local European ancestry (LEA) using Local Ancestry inference in adMixed Populations using Linkage Disequilibrium method (LAMP-LD) and evaluated the association with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cCIMT) using multivariable linear regression analysis among 1554 African Americans from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). We conducted secondary analysis to examine the significant cCIMT-LEA associations with clinical cardiovascular disease events. We observed genome-wide significance in relation to cCIMT association with the SERGEF gene (secretion-regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor; β=0.0137; P=2.98×10-4), also associated with higher odds of stroke (odds ratio=1.71; P=0.02). Several regions, in particular CADPS gene (Ca2+-dependent secretion activator 1) region identified in MESA, were also replicated in the ARIC cohort (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). We observed other cCIMT-LEA regions associated with other clinical events, most notably the regions harboring CKMT2 gene (creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2) and RASGRF2 gene (Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2) with all clinical events except stroke, the LRRC3B gene (leucine-rich repeat containing 3B) with myocardial infarction, the PRMT3 gene (protein arginine methyltransferase 3) with stroke, and the LHFPL2 gene (lipoma high mobility group protein I-C fusion partner-like 2) with hard and all coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS We identified several novel LEA regions, in addition to previously identified genetic variations, associated with cCIMT and cardiovascular disease events among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently: Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN
| | - Howard Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently: Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently: Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Currently, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Christina L. Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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10
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Dueker ND, Beecham A, Wang L, Blanton SH, Guo S, Rundek T, Sacco RL. Rare Variants in NOD1 Associated with Carotid Bifurcation Intima-Media Thickness in Dominican Republic Families. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167202. [PMID: 27936005 PMCID: PMC5147882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders including ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) are heritable; however, few replicated loci have been identified. One strategy to identify loci influencing these complex disorders is to study subclinical phenotypes, such as carotid bifurcation intima-media thickness (bIMT). We have previously shown bIMT to be heritable and found evidence for linkage and association with common variants on chromosome 7p for bIMT. In this study, we aimed to characterize contributions of rare variants (RVs) in 7p to bIMT. To achieve this aim, we sequenced the 1 LOD unit down region on 7p in nine extended families from the Dominican Republic (DR) with strong evidence for linkage to bIMT. We then performed the family-based sequence kernel association test (famSKAT) on genes within the 7p region. Analyses were restricted to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with population based minor allele frequency (MAF) <5%. We first analyzed all exonic RVs and then the subset of only non-synonymous RVs. There were 68 genes in our analyses. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD1) was the most significantly associated gene when analyzing exonic RVs (famSKAT p = 9.2x10-4; number of SNVs = 14). We achieved suggestive replication of NOD1 in an independent sample of twelve extended families from the DR (p = 0.055). Our study provides suggestive statistical evidence for a role of rare variants in NOD1 in bIMT. Studies in mice have shown Nod1 to play a role in heart function and atherosclerosis, providing biologic plausibility for a role in bIMT thus making NOD1 an excellent bIMT candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Dueker
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liyong Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shengru Guo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Heßler N, Geisel MH, Coassin S, Erbel R, Heilmann S, Hennig F, Hoffmann B, Jöckel KH, Moebus S, Moskau-Hartmann S, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Vens M, Klockgether T, Kronenberg F, Scherag A, Ziegler A. Linkage and Association Analysis Identifies TRAF1 Influencing Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Stroke 2016; 47:2904-2909. [PMID: 27827325 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid intima-media thickness is a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis that predicts subsequent clinical cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to identify chromosomal loci with linkage or association to common carotid intima-media thickness. METHODS Nuclear families were recruited using the single parental proband sib-pair design. Genotype data were available for 546 individuals from 132 nuclear families of the Bonn IMT Family Study using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 250K Sty chip. Multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores were determined with the quantitative trait locus statistic implemented in multipoint engine for rapid likelihood. Linkage analysis and family-based association tests were conducted. Data from 2471 German participants from the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study were used for subsequent replication. RESULTS Two new genomic regions with suggestive linkage (LOD>2) were identified on chromosome 4 (LOD=2.26) and on chromosome 17 (LOD=2.01). Previously reported linkage findings were replicated on chromosomes 13 and 14. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorhisms, located on chromosomes 4, 6, and 9, revealed P<10-4 in the family-based association analyses. One of these signals was replicated in HNR (rs2416804, 1-sided P=1.60×10-3, located in the gene TRAF1). CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first genome-wide linkage and association study of common carotid intima-media thickness in the German population. Alleles of rs2416804 in TRAF1 were identified as being linked and associated with carotid intima-media thickness. Further studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of this locus to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Heßler
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Marie Henrike Geisel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Stefan Coassin
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Raimund Erbel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Stefanie Heilmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Frauke Hennig
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Susanne Moebus
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Susanna Moskau-Hartmann
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Maren Vens
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - André Scherag
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.)
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- From the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBS), University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany (N.H., M.V., A.Z.); Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany (M.H.G., A.S.); Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (M.H.G., R.E., K.-H.J., S.M.); Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (S.C., F.K.); Institute of Human Genetics (S.H.) and Department of Epileptology (S.M.-H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, Bonn, Germany (S.H.); Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (S.M.-H., T.K.); Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (G.N., P.N.); Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (M.V.); Center for Clinical Trials, University of Lübeck, Germany (A.Z.); and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (A.Z.).
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12
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Xie G, Myint PK, Voora D, Laskowitz DT, Shi P, Ren F, Wang H, Yang Y, Huo Y, Gao W, Wu Y. Genome-wide association study on progression of carotid artery intima media thickness over 10 years in a Chinese cohort. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:30-7. [PMID: 26343869 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) in human is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis with high heritability. Many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in European and American populations, yet discovery efforts have been limited in Asians. OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic determinants of 10-year progression of IMT using GWA approach in a Chinese cohort. METHODS Cardiovascular epidemiologic survey was carried out in 810 Chinese adults in 2012. 302,218 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in whole genome were genotyped using gene chip and carotid IMT was measured. Most of these participants, had previous carotid IMT measurements in 2002 (n = 572), 2005 (n = 750), 2007 (n = 747), and 2010 (n = 671). General linear model (GLM) and multiple linear mixed-model (MLM) were used to assess the association between SNPs and carotid IMT. RESULTS The mean age (SD) of the sample was 61.3 (5.1) years; 33.6% were men. The adjusted GLM showed no SNP with significance association at genome-level (all p > 1 × 10(-7)). However, using MLM, after adjusting for age, sex, number of cigarettes smoked per day, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive drugs in the past 2 weeks, serum cholesterol, body mass index, fasting glucose levels, use of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs, time of measuring IMT and its interaction with SNP, we identified two novel SNPs (rs36071027 in EBF1 gene on chromosome 5 and rs975809 close to PCDH15 gene on chromosome 10) that are significantly associated with carotid IMT at genome level (p < 1 × 10(-7)) and seven novel SNPs (rs2230307 in AGL gene on chromosome 1, rs12040273 in GALNT2 gene on chromosome 1, rs4536103 in NEUROG3 gene on chromosome 10, rs9855415 in LOC647323 gene on chromosome 3, rs2472647 in PCDHGA1 gene on chromosome 5, rs17433780 in GBP3 gene on chromosome 1, and rs7625806 in DLEC1 gene on chromosome 3) which are suggestive of significant association (p < 10(-5)). CONCLUSION The study represents the first GWAS of association between SNPs and carotid IMT in an Asian population. We identified 2 novel loci associated with carotid IMT progression over 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Clinical Gerontology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Norwich Research Park Cardiovascular Research Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Stroke Research Group, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medicine Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- Shijingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxiu Ren
- Shijingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yangfeng Wu
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
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Winham SJ, de Andrade M, Miller VM. Genetics of cardiovascular disease: Importance of sex and ethnicity. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:219-28. [PMID: 25817330 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in incidence and prevalence of and morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease are well documented. However, many studies examining the genetic basis for cardiovascular disease fail to consider sex as a variable in the study design, in part, because there is an inherent difficulty in studying the contribution of the sex chromosomes in women due to X chromosome inactivation. This paper will provide general background on the X and Y chromosomes (including gene content, the pseudoautosomal regions, and X chromosome inactivation), discuss how sex chromosomes have been ignored in Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) of cardiovascular diseases, and discuss genetics influencing development of cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis with particular attention to carotid intima-medial thickness, and coronary arterial calcification based on sex-specific studies. In addition, a brief discussion of how ethnicity and hormonal status act as confounding variables in sex-based analysis will be considered along with methods for statistical analysis to account for sex in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Winham
- Health Sciences Research, Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Health Sciences Research, Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Chang CC, Chang ML, Huang CH, Chou PC, Ong ET, Chin CH. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence in predicting stable angiographic coronary artery disease. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:1283-8. [PMID: 24098074 PMCID: PMC3789839 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s49166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque formation have been used as surrogate end-points for evaluating the regression and/or progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but their predictive value for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconclusive. METHODS Carotid ultrasonography was performed in patients who underwent noninvasive multislice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography for CAD suspected, due to chest pain. CIMT and plaque formation on the left and right common carotid arteries (CCAs), carotid bulb (CB), and proximal internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were evaluated, and the relationship between angiographic CAD, CIMT, and plaque formation was determined. RESULTS 120 patients (95 male; 25 female), with a mean age ± standard deviation of 61 ± 11 years (range: 35-89 years) were recruited. Because age had a significant impact on CAD (r = 0.191; P = 0.036), CCA plaques (r = 0.368; P = 0.001), ICA plaques (r = 0.334; P = 0.004), and mean CIMT (r = 0.436; P = 0.001), patients were divided into two groups aged <60 years and ≥60 years. In the <60 years group, CIMT-CB was significantly higher in patients with CAD (P = 0.041), while in the ≥60 years group, mean CIMT, CIMT-CCA, and CIMT-CB were significantly higher in patients with CAD (P < 0.05, for each). In both groups, the occurrence of carotid plaques was significantly higher in patients with CAD than in those without CAD (P < 0.007, for each). After controlling for other risk factors, carotid plaques were an independent predictor of CAD in both groups (P < 0.05, for each), while CIMT-CB could independently predict CAD only in patients ≥60 years old (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that carotid plaques are a strong predictor of stable CAD. However, CIMT-CB could predict stable CAD only in patients over 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Genetic epidemiology and genome-wide linkage analysis of carotid artery ultrasound traits in multigenerational African ancestry families. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:120-3. [PMID: 24125421 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intima-media thickness, adventitial diameter and lumen diameter are indicators of cardiovascular disease risk. The influence of genetic factors on these measures in African ancestry populations is not well defined. Therefore, we estimated heritability and performed genome-wide linkage analysis of carotid ultrasound traits in 7 multigenerational families of African ancestry. METHODS A total of 395 individuals (7 pedigrees; mean family size = 56; 2392 relative pairs) aged ≥18 years had a common carotid artery ultrasound scan. Statistical analyses were conducted using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods. RESULTS Significant covariates included age, sex, body mass index or height and waist, and systolic blood pressure. Residual heritabilities ranged from 0.35 ± 0.10 to 0.64 ± 0.12 (P < 0.0001). We identified a novel quantitative trait locus for adventitial and lumen diameters on chromosome 11 (max LOD = 4.09, 133 cm). CONCLUSION Further fine mapping of this region may identify specific mutations predisposing to subclinical vascular disease among African ancestry individuals.
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16
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Body adiposity index versus body mass index and other anthropometric traits as correlates of cardiometabolic risk factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65954. [PMID: 23776578 PMCID: PMC3679008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The worldwide prevalence of obesity mandates a widely accessible tool to categorize adiposity that can best predict associated health risks. The body adiposity index (BAI) was designed as a single equation to predict body adiposity in pooled analysis of both genders. We compared body adiposity index (BAI), body mass index (BMI), and other anthropometric measures, including percent body fat (PBF), in their correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. We also compared BAI with BMI to determine which index is a better predictor of PBF. METHODS The cohort consisted of 698 Mexican Americans. We calculated correlations of BAI, BMI, and other anthropometric measurements (PBF measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, waist and hip circumference, height, weight) with glucose homeostasis indices (including insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance from euglycemic clamp), lipid parameters, cardiovascular traits (including carotid intima-media thickness), and biomarkers (C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin). Correlations between each anthropometric measure and cardiometabolic trait were compared in both sex-pooled and sex-stratified groups. RESULTS BMI was associated with all but two measured traits (carotid intima-media thickness and fasting glucose in men), while BAI lacked association with several variables. BAI did not outperform BMI in its associations with any cardiometabolic trait. BAI was correlated more strongly than BMI with PBF in sex-pooled analyses (r = 0.78 versus r = 0.51), but not in sex-stratified analyses (men, r = 0.63 versus r = 0.79; women, r = 0.69 versus r = 0.77). Additionally, PBF showed fewer correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors than BMI. Weight was more strongly correlated than hip with many of the cardiometabolic risk factors examined. CONCLUSIONS BAI is inferior to the widely used BMI as a correlate of the cardiometabolic risk factors studied. Additionally, BMI's relationship with total adiposity may not be the sole determinate of its association with cardiometabolic risk.
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Bauer M, Delaney JAC, Möhlenkamp S, Jöckel KH, Kronmal RA, Lehmann N, Mukamal KJ, Moebus S, Polak JF, Dragano N, Budoff MJ, Erbel R, McClelland RL. Comparison of factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR). J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26:667-73. [PMID: 23611058 PMCID: PMC3694173 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a valid method to quantify levels of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to compare the strengths of associations between CIMT and cardiovascular risk factors in two different populations. METHODS The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR) are two population-based prospective cohort studies of subclinical cardiovascular disease. All Caucasian subjects aged 45 to 75 years from these cohorts who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease (n = 2,820 in HNR, n = 2,270 in MESA) were combined. CIMT images were obtained using B-mode sonography at the right and left common carotid artery and measured 1 cm starting from the bulb. RESULTS In both studies, age, male sex, and systolic blood pressure showed the strongest association (P < .0001 for each) for a higher CIMT. The mean of mean far wall CIMT was slightly higher in MESA participants (0.71 vs 0.67 mm). Almost all significant variables were consistent between the two cohorts in both magnitude of association with CIMT and statistical significance, including age, sex, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. For example, the association with systolic blood pressure was (ΔSD = 0.011; 95% confidence interval, 0.0009 to 0.014) per mm Hg in MESA and (ΔSD = 0.010; 95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.021) per mm Hg in HNR. This consistency persisted throughout the traditional (Framingham) risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of the associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CIMT across two culturally diverse populations showed remarkable consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Comparison of diagnostic utilities of ankle-brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness as surrogate markers of significant coronary atherosclerosis in Indians. Indian Heart J 2013; 65:137-41. [PMID: 23647891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to compare Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as surrogate markers of significant coronary atherosclerosis in South Indians with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS There were two groups: CAD group (n = 59) and Control group (n = 55). Mean ABI (0.82 ± 0.06 vs. 1.16 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001) and mean CIMT (0.74 ± 0.22 mm vs. 0.45 ± 0.09 mm, p < 0.0001) were statistically different between two groups. ABI < 0.9 (sensitivity: 91.53%, specificity: 100%) and CIMT > 0.63 mm (sensitivity: 61.02%, specificity: 98.18%) implied significant CAD. ABI and CIMT were negatively correlated to one another. With increasing severity of CAD, ABI decreased but CIMT increased. CONCLUSION ABI and CIMT are simple noninvasive tools providing insight into coronary atherosclerosis. They can be done at bedside and easily repeated than coronary angiography. ABI < 0.9 is a better surrogate marker of significant coronary atherosclerosis than CIMT > 0.63 mm in South Indians with CAD.
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Miller VM, Petterson TM, Jeavons EN, Lnu AS, Rider DN, Heit JA, Cunningham JM, Huggins GS, Hodis HN, Budoff MJ, Santoro N, Hopkins PN, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Naftolin F, Taylor HS, Harman SM, de Andrade M. Genetic polymorphisms associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcification in women of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:79-88. [PMID: 23188791 PMCID: PMC3546410 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00114.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) may limit progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but poses a thrombosis risk. To test targeted candidate gene variation for association with subclinical CVD defined by carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC), 610 women participating in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), a clinical trial of MHT to prevent progression of CVD, were genotyped for 13,229 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 764 genes from anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic, or innate immunity pathways. According to linear regression, proportion of European ancestry correlated negatively, but age at enrollment and pulse pressure correlated positively with CIMT. Adjusting for these variables, two SNPs, one on chromosome 2 for MAP4K4 gene (rs2236935, β = 0.037, P value = 2.36 × 10(-06)) and one on chromosome 5 for IL5 gene (rs739318, β = 0.051, P value = 5.02 × 10(-05)), associated positively with CIMT; two SNPs on chromosome 17 for CCL5 (rs4796119, β = -0.043, P value = 3.59 × 10(-05); rs2291299, β = -0.032, P value = 5.59 × 10(-05)) correlated negatively with CIMT; only rs2236935 remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Using logistic regression, when we adjusted for waist circumference, two SNPs (rs11465886, IRAK2, chromosome 3, OR = 3.91, P value = 1.10 × 10(-04); and rs17751769, SERPINA1, chromosome 14, OR = 1.96, P value = 2.42 × 10(-04)) associated positively with a CAC score of >0 Agatston unit; one SNP (rs630014, ABO, OR = 0.51, P value = 2.51 × 10(-04)) associated negatively; none remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Whether these SNPs associate with CIMT and CAC in women randomized to MHT remains to be determined.
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Wolff EF, He Y, Black DM, Brinton EA, Budoff MJ, Cedars MI, Hodis HN, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Merriam GR, Miller VM, Naftolin F, Pal L, Santoro N, Zhang H, Harman SM, Taylor HS. Self-reported menopausal symptoms, coronary artery calcification, and carotid intima-media thickness in recently menopausal women screened for the Kronos early estrogen prevention study (KEEPS). Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1385-91. [PMID: 23312232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether self-reported menopausal symptoms are associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Multicenter, randomized controlled trial. PATIENT(S) Recently menopausal women (n = 868) screened for the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Baseline menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, night sweats, palpitations, mood swings, depression, insomnia, irritability), serum E2 levels, and measures of atherosclerosis were assessed. Atherosclerosis was quantified using coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston scores (n = 771) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Logistic regression model of menopausal symptoms and E2 was used to predict CAC. Linear regression model of menopausal symptoms and E2 was used to predict CIMT. Correlation between length of time in menopause with menopausal symptoms, E2, CAC, and CIMT were assessed. RESULT(S) In early menopausal women screened for KEEPS, neither E2 nor climacteric symptoms predicted the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis. Palpitations and depression approached significance as predictors of CAC. Other symptoms of insomnia, irritability, dyspareunia, hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats, and vaginal dryness were not associated with CAC. Women with significantly elevated CAC scores were excluded from further participation in KEEPS; in women meeting inclusion criteria, neither baseline menopausal symptoms nor E2 predicted CIMT. Years since menopause onset correlated with CIMT, dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and E2. CONCLUSION(S) Self-reported symptoms in recently menopausal women are not strong predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Continued follow-up of this population will be performed to determine whether baseline or persistent symptoms in the early menopause are associated with progression of cardiovascular disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00154180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Foran Wolff
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Gertow K, Sennblad B, Strawbridge RJ, Ohrvik J, Zabaneh D, Shah S, Veglia F, Fava C, Kavousi M, McLachlan S, Kivimäki M, Bolton JL, Folkersen L, Gigante B, Leander K, Vikström M, Larsson M, Silveira A, Deanfield J, Voight BF, Fontanillas P, Sabater-Lleal M, Colombo GI, Kumari M, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Uitterlinden AG, Gabrielsen A, Hedin U, Franco-Cereceda A, Nyyssönen K, Rauramaa R, Tuomainen TP, Savonen K, Smit AJ, Giral P, Mannarino E, Robertson CM, Talmud PJ, Hedblad B, Hofman A, Erdmann J, Reilly MP, O'Donnell CJ, Farrall M, Clarke R, Franzosi MG, Seedorf U, Syvänen AC, Hansson GK, Eriksson P, Samani NJ, Watkins H, Price JF, Hingorani AD, Melander O, Witteman JCM, Baldassarre D, Tremoli E, de Faire U, Humphries SE, Hamsten A. Identification of the BCAR1-CFDP1-TMEM170A locus as a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease risk. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2012; 5:656-65. [PMID: 23152477 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.963660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a widely accepted marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. To date, large-scale investigations of genetic determinants of cIMT are sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS To identify cIMT-associated genes and genetic variants, a discovery analysis using the Illumina 200K CardioMetabochip was conducted in 3430 subjects with detailed ultrasonographic determinations of cIMT from the IMPROVE (Carotid Intima Media Thickness [IMT] and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High Risk European Population) study. Segment-specific IMT measurements of common carotid, bifurcation, and internal carotid arteries, and composite IMT variables considering the whole carotid tree (IMT(mean), IMT(max), and IMT(mean-max)), were analyzed. A replication stage investigating 42 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with common carotid IMT was undertaken in 5 independent European cohorts (total n=11,590). A locus on chromosome 16 (lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4888378, intronic in CFDP1) was associated with cIMT at significance levels passing multiple testing correction at both stages (array-wide significant discovery P=6.75 × 10(-7) for IMT(max); replication P=7.24×10(-6) for common cIMT; adjustments for sex, age, and population substructure where applicable; minor allele frequency 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). The protective minor allele was associated with lower carotid plaque score in a replication cohort (P=0.04, n=2120) and lower coronary artery disease risk in 2 case-control studies of subjects with European ancestry (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.83 [0.77-0.90], P=6.53 × 10(-6), n=13 591; and 0.95 [0.92-0.98], P=1.83 × 10(-4), n=82 297, respectively). Queries of human biobank data sets revealed associations of rs4888378 with nearby gene expression in vascular tissues (n=126-138). CONCLUSIONS This study identified rs4888378 in the BCAR1-CFDP1-TMEM170A locus as a novel genetic determinant of cIMT and coronary artery disease risk in individuals of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R, Testa G, Caso V, Paciaroni M, Abete P, Rengo F, Ferroni P, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Genetics of ischemic stroke, stroke-related risk factors, stroke precursors and treatments. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:595-613. [PMID: 22462751 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of death worldwide and the first cause of disability in the western world. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for almost 80% of the total cases of strokes and is a complex and multifactorial disease caused by the combination of vascular risk factors, environment and genetic factors. Investigations of the genetics of atherosclerosis and IS has greatly enhanced our knowledge of this complex multifactorial disease. In this article we sought to review common single-gene disorders relevant to IS, summarize candidate gene and genome-wide studies aimed at discovering genetic stroke risk factors and subclinical phenotypes, and to briefly discuss pharmacogenetics related to stroke treatments. Genetics of IS is, in fact, one of the most promising research frontiers and genetic testing may be helpful for novel drug discoveries as well as for appropriate drug and dose selection for treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Science & Immunology, Cattedra di Geriatria, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Science & Immunology, Cattedra di Geriatria, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Rengo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Science & Immunology, Cattedra di Geriatria, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Paradossi U, Manfrini O, Ciofini E, Pizzi C, Biagini A, Xhyheri B, Colombo MG. Weight is an independent predictor of vascular injury in healthy volunteers with aspartate allele. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:307-12. [PMID: 22450868 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3283536a0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickeness (IMT) are currently considered key early events in atherogenesis and markers of arterial damage. We investigated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) glutamate (Glu)298-aspartate (Asp) polymorphism may influence the vascular response to weight, as measured by BMI, in young, healthy individuals. METHODS One hundred young (30.6 ± 5.9 years) healthy individuals, without concomitant traditional cardiovascular risk factors took part in the study. Brachial artery endothelial function was assessed by vascular response to reactive hyperemia [flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and sublingual nitroglycerin (GTN)-mediated dilation] using high-resolution ultrasound. Carotid IMT was also measured. RESULTS Participants were grouped as Glu-homozygotes (n = 38) and Asp-carriers (n = 62). On univariate analysis, a higher response to GTN was associated with lower brachial baseline diameter (P < 0.001) and increasing value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.04) in Asp-carriers, but not in Glu-homozygotes. Higher FMD correlated with lower brachial baseline diameter (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.03) and SBP (P = 0.03) in the Asp-carriers, but not in Glu-homozygotes. Higher IMT showed a similar Asp-genotype-dependent association with higher BMI (P = 0.001), SBP (P = 0.006) and DBP (P = 0.001). In individuals with Asp-alleles, the multivariate analysis showed that BMI was the only independent predictor of IMT. CONCLUSION Weight is independently associated with impaired arterial structure in healthy and genetically predisposed young individuals. The allelic variation (Asp298) of the eNOS gene polymorphism makes individuals vulnerable to the impact of weight on the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Paradossi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pasquinucci Hospital, Massa, Italy
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Wang L, Beecham A, Zhuo D, Dong C, Blanton SH, Rundek T, Sacco RL. Fine mapping study reveals novel candidate genes for carotid intima-media thickness in Dominican Republican families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:234-41. [PMID: 22423143 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a subclinical measure for atherosclerosis. Previously, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CIMT to chromosomes 7p (maximum logarithm of odds=3.1) and to 14q (maximum logarithm of odds=2.3). We sought to identify the underlying genetic variants within those QTLs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the 100 extended Dominican Republican (DR) families (N=1312) used in the original linkage study, we fine mapped the QTLs with 2031 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Promising SNPs in the family data set were examined in an independent population-based subcohort comprised of DR individuals (N=553) from the Northern Manhattan Study. Among the families, evidence for association (P<0.001) was found in multiple genes (ANLN, AOAH, FOXN3, CCDC88C, PRiMA1, and an intergenic SNP rs1667498), with the strongest association at PRiMA1 (P=0.00007, corrected P=0.047). Additional analyses revealed that the association at these loci, except PRiMA1, was highly significant (P=0.00004≈0.00092) in families with evidence for linkage, but not in the rest of families (P=0.13≈0.80) and the population-based cohort, suggesting the genetic effects at these SNPs are limited to a subgroup of families. In contrast, the association at PRiMA1 was significant in both families with and without evidence for linkage (P=0.002 and 0.019, respectively) and the population-based subcohort (P=0.047), supporting a robust association. CONCLUSIONS We identified several candidate genes for CIMT in DR families. Some of the genes manifest genetic effects within a specific subgroup and others were generalized to all groups. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the contribution of these genes to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Wang
- John T. McDonald Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Department of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA
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25
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Yang E, Vargas JD, Bluemke DA. Understanding the genetics of coronary artery disease through the lens of noninvasive imaging. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 10:27-36. [PMID: 22149524 PMCID: PMC3482161 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a common condition with a known heritable component that has spurred interest in genetic research for decades, resulting in a handful of candidate genes and an appreciation for the complexity of its genetic contributions. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have resulted in large-scale association studies, possibly adding to our current understanding of the genetics of coronary artery disease. Sifting through the statistical noise, however, requires the selection of effective phenotypic markers. New imaging technologies have improved our ability to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in a safe and reproducible manner in large numbers of patients. In this article, we propose that advances in imaging technology have generated improved phenotypic markers for genetic association studies of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose D Vargas
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health
| | - David A Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Rm 10/1C355, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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26
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Bis JC, Kavousi M, Franceschini N, Isaacs A, Abecasis GR, Schminke U, Post WS, Smith AV, Cupples LA, Markus HS, Schmidt R, Huffman JE, Lehtimäki T, Baumert J, Münzel T, Heckbert SR, Dehghan A, North K, Oostra B, Bevan S, Stoegerer EM, Hayward C, Raitakari O, Meisinger C, Schillert A, Sanna S, Völzke H, Cheng YC, Thorsson B, Fox CS, Rice K, Rivadeneira F, Nambi V, Halperin E, Petrovic KE, Peltonen L, Wichmann HE, Schnabel RB, Dörr M, Parsa A, Aspelund T, Demissie S, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP, Taylor K, Uitterlinden A, Couper DJ, Sitzer M, Kähönen M, Illig T, Wild PS, Orru M, Lüdemann J, Shuldiner AR, Eiriksdottir G, White CC, Rotter JI, Hofman A, Seissler J, Zeller T, Usala G, Ernst F, Launer LJ, D'Agostino RB, O'Leary DH, Ballantyne C, Thiery J, Ziegler A, Lakatta EG, Chilukoti RK, Harris TB, Wolf PA, Psaty BM, Polak JF, Li X, Rathmann W, Uda M, Boerwinkle E, Klopp N, Schmidt H, Wilson JF, Viikari J, Koenig W, Blankenberg S, Newman AB, Witteman J, Heiss G, Duijn CV, Scuteri A, Homuth G, Mitchell BD, Gudnason V, O'Donnell CJ. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from the CHARGE consortium identifies common variants associated with carotid intima media thickness and plaque. Nat Genet 2011; 43:940-7. [PMID: 21909108 PMCID: PMC3257519 DOI: 10.1038/ng.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and plaque determined by ultrasonography are established measures of subclinical atherosclerosis that each predicts future cardiovascular disease events. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data in 31,211 participants of European ancestry from nine large studies in the setting of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. We then sought additional evidence to support our findings among 11,273 individuals using data from seven additional studies. In the combined meta-analysis, we identified three genomic regions associated with common carotid intima media thickness and two different regions associated with the presence of carotid plaque (P < 5 × 10(-8)). The associated SNPs mapped in or near genes related to cellular signaling, lipid metabolism and blood pressure homeostasis, and two of the regions were associated with coronary artery disease (P < 0.006) in the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) consortium. Our findings may provide new insight into pathways leading to subclinical atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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27
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Barra S, Gaeta G, Cuomo V, Guarini P, Cuomo S, Capozzi G, Tudisca G, Madrid A, Trevisan M. Parental history of premature myocardial infarction is a stronger predictor of increased carotid intima-media thickness than parental history of hypertension. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:391-397. [PMID: 20163940 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is detectable in young subjects with parental history of premature myocardial infarction (PHPMI) or hypertension (PHH). In this study we evaluated if PHPMI and PHH exert a different influence on carotid IMT and if their conjunction produces additive effects. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonographic evaluation of common carotid artery IMT was acquired from 48 subjects without PHPMI and PHH (22 males, 26 females; mean age 22.1±4.9 years; controls), 24 age- (±1 year) and sex-matched subjects with PHH without PHPMI (PHH-positive/PHPMI-negative subjects), 24 age- and sex-matched subjects with PHPMI without PHH (PHH-negative/PHPMI-positive subjects) and 24 age- and sex-matched subjects with both PHPMI and PHH (PHH/PHPMI-positive subjects). Lipid profile, resting blood pressure, smoking behaviour and body mass index (BMI) were also assessed. Carotid IMT was smaller in controls (0.41±0.07mm) compared to PHH-positive/PHPMI-negative subjects (0.47±0.10, p=0.023), to PHH-negative/PHPMI-positive subjects (0.54±0.11, p<0.001) and to PHH/PHPMI-positive subjects (0.52±0.10mm, p<0.001). Carotid IMT was greater in PHH-negative/PHPMI-positive (p=0.006) and in PHH/PHPMI-positive (p=0.031) than in PHH-positive/PHPMI-negative subjects. No difference in carotid IMT was evident between PHH-negative/PHPMI-positive and PHH/PHPMI-positive subjects (p=0.549). In the comparison among subjects using multiple regression analysis, only PHPMI, age and BMI were independently associated with carotid IMT. In healthy young subjects with PHPMI and/or PHH, carotid IMT is increased. PHPMI is a stronger predictor of increased carotid IMT than PHH. PHH in conjunction with PHPMI does not add any further detrimental effect on carotid IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barra
- Cardiology Unit, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
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28
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Lemmens R, Buysschaert I, Geelen V, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Montaner J, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Attia J, Maguire J, Levi C, Jood K, Blomstrand C, Jern C, Wnuk M, Slowik A, Lambrechts D, Thijs V. The Association of the 4q25 Susceptibility Variant for Atrial Fibrillation With Stroke Is Limited to Stroke of Cardioembolic Etiology. Stroke 2010; 41:1850-7. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.587980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lemmens
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Ian Buysschaert
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Veerle Geelen
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Joan Montaner
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Helena Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - John Attia
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Jane Maguire
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Christopher Levi
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Katarina Jood
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Christian Blomstrand
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Christina Jern
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Marcin Wnuk
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Agniezska Slowik
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
| | - Vincent Thijs
- From the Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Neurobiology (R.L., V.G., V.T.), Section of Experimental Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (R.L., I.B., D.L., V.T.), VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiology (I.B.), University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit (I.F., J.M.), Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Autonoma University, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Molecular Biology and
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Paternoster L, Martinez-Gonzalez NA, Charleton R, Chung M, Lewis S, Sudlow CLM. Genetic effects on carotid intima-media thickness: systematic assessment and meta-analyses of candidate gene polymorphisms studied in more than 5000 subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:15-21. [PMID: 20160191 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.834366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is highly heritable and associated with stroke and myocardial infarction, making it a promising quantitative intermediate phenotype for genetic studies of vascular disease. There have been many CIMT candidate gene association studies, but no systematic review to identify consistent, reliable findings. METHODS AND RESULTS We comprehensively sought all published studies of association between CIMT and any genetic polymorphism. We obtained additional unpublished data and performed meta-analyses for the 5 most commonly studied genes (studied in at least 2 studies in a total of >5000 subjects). We used a 3-step meta-analysis method: meta-analysis of variance; genetic model selection; and random effects meta-analysis of the mean CIMT difference between genotypes. We performed subgroup analyses to investigate effects of ethnicity, vascular risk status, and study size. We accounted for potential reporting bias by assessing qualitatively the possible effects of including unavailable data. Polymorphisms in 3 of the 5 genes (apolipoprotein E, angiotensin I converting enzyme, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) had an apparent association with CIMT, but for all these, we found evidence of small study bias. Apolipoprotein E epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 was the only polymorphism with a persistent, statistically significant but modest association when we restricted analysis to larger studies (>1000 subjects). CONCLUSIONS Of the most extensively studied polymorphisms, apolipoprotein E epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 is the only one so far with a convincing association with CIMT. Larger studies than have generally been performed so far may be needed to confirm the associations identified in future genome-wide association studies, and to investigate modification of effect according to characteristics such as ethnicity and vascular risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Paternoster
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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30
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Sacco RL, Blanton SH, Slifer S, Beecham A, Glover K, Gardener H, Wang L, Sabala E, Juo SHH, Rundek T. Heritability and linkage analysis for carotid intima-media thickness: the family study of stroke risk and carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke 2009; 40:2307-12. [PMID: 19498180 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.554121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease. METHODS Probands were selected from Caribbean Hispanic subjects of the population-based Northern Manhattan Study. CIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and expressed as the mean (IMTx) and mean of the maximum (IMTm). Variance components methodology was used to detect linkage using SOLAR and calculate locus-specific heritability. Ordered-subset Analysis was done based on history of hypertension and total cholesterol levels. RESULTS Among 100 Dominican families, 1390 subjects had CIMT measured (848 females; mean age 46.2 years). CIMT had a heritability of 0.65 after adjusting for age, age(2), sex, cigarette pack-years, waist hip ratio, and BMI. Adjusted maximum multipoint LOD scores >2 were found on chromosomes 14q (D14S606) and 7p (D7S817). Linkage to chromosome 14q was significantly increased in a subset of families with the greatest history of hypertension (MLOD=4.12). The QTL on Ch14q accounted for 0.21 of the heritability of IMTm, and on Ch7p 0.27 of the heritability of BIFm. CONCLUSIONS Several QTLs for CIMT were found on chromosomes 7p and 14q. The QTL on 14q replicates a suggestive linkage peak delimited in the Framingham Heart Study. These QTLs accounted for a substantial amount of trait heritability and warrant further fine mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Li X, Monda KL, Göring HHH, Haack K, Cole SA, Diego VP, Almasy L, Laston S, Howard BV, Shara NM, Lee ET, Best LG, Fabsitz RR, MacCluer JW, North KE. Genome-wide linkage scan for plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and triglyceride variation among American Indian populations: the Strong Heart Family Study. J Med Genet 2009; 46:472-9. [PMID: 19429595 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.063891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified chromosomal regions linked to variation in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) and triglyceride (TG), although results have been inconsistent and previous studies of American Indian populations are limited. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to localise quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing HDL-C, apo A-1 and TG, we conducted genome-wide linkage scans of subjects of the Strong Heart Family Study. METHODS We implemented analyses in 3484 men and women aged 18 years or older, at three study centres. RESULTS With adjustment for age, sex and centre, we detected a QTL influencing both HDL-C (logarithm of odds (LOD) = 4.4, genome-wide p = 0.001) and apo A-1 (LOD = 3.2, genome-wide p = 0.020) nearest marker D6S289 at 6p23 in the Arizona sample. Another QTL influencing apo A-1 was found nearest marker D9S287 at 9q22.2 (LOD = 3.0, genome-wide p = 0.033) in the North and South Dakotas. We detected a QTL influencing TG nearest marker D15S153 at 15q22.31 (LOD = 4.5 in the overall sample and LOD = 3.8 in the Dakotas sample, genome-wide p = 0.0044) and when additionally adjusted for waist, current smoking, current alcohol, current oestrogen, lipid treatment, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes, nearest marker D10S217 at 10q26.2 (LOD = 3.7, genome-wide p = 0.0058) in the Arizona population. CONCLUSIONS The replication of QTLs in regions of the genome that harbour well known candidate genes suggest that chromosomes 6p, 9q and 15q warrant further investigation with fine mapping for causative polymorphisms in American Indians.
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González-Enríquez GV, Rubio-Benítez MI, García-Gallegos V, Portilla-de Buen E, Troyo-Sanromán R, Leal-Cortés CÁ. Contribution of TNF-308A and CCL2-2518A to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obese Mexican Children and Adolescents. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:753-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bowden DW, Lehtinen AB, Ziegler JT, Rudock ME, Xu J, Wagenknecht LE, Herrington DM, Rich SS, Freedman BI, Carr JJ, Langefeld CD. Genetic epidemiology of subclinical cardiovascular disease in the diabetes heart study. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:598-610. [PMID: 18460048 PMCID: PMC4890966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide linkage scan of 357 European American (EA) and 72 African American (AA) pedigrees multiplex for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was performed with multipoint nonparametric QTL linkage analysis. Four subclinical measures of cardiovascular disease (CVD): coronary artery (CCP), carotid artery (CarCP), and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (AACP) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were mapped. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and (if appropriate) ethnicity and diabetes status. Evidence for linkage was observed in EA T2DM subjects to CarCP near 16p13 (LOD=4.39 at 8.4 cM; P = 0.00001). When all EA subjects were included, the LOD score was 2.52, suggesting an amplification of the linkage by diabetes. Linkage analysis of a principal components measure of vascular calcium (LOD = 3.85 at 9.3 cM on 16p in EA T2DM subjects) and bivariate analysis of CarCP X IMT (LOD = 3.77 at 9.3 cM on 16p in EA T2DM subjects) were consistent with this linkage. In addition, evidence for linkage was observed with CCP near D15S1515 (LOD = 2.34) in EAs. Additional loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 10, 13, and 21 had LODs > 2.0. The identification of trait-determining polymorphisms underlying these linkages will help delineate risk factors for CVD in T2DM and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
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Hädicke O, Pahlke F, Ziegler A. A General Approach for Sample Size and Power Calculations Based on the Haseman–Elston Method. Biom J 2008; 50:257-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bimj.200710404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Biros E, Karan M, Golledge J. Genetic variation and atherosclerosis. Curr Genomics 2008; 9:29-42. [PMID: 19424482 PMCID: PMC2674308 DOI: 10.2174/138920208783884856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A family history of atherosclerosis is independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. The genetic factors underlying the importance of inheritance in atherosclerosis are starting to be understood. Genetic variation, such as mutations or common polymorphisms has been shown to be involved in modulation of a range of risk factors, such as plasma lipoprotein levels, inflammation and vascular calcification. This review presents examples of present studies of the role of genetic polymorphism in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Sutton BS, Crosslin DR, Shah SH, Nelson SC, Bassil A, Hale AB, Haynes C, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Vance JM, Seo D, Kraus WE, Gregory SG, Hauser ER. Comprehensive genetic analysis of the platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) gene and cardiovascular disease in case-control and family datasets. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:1318-28. [PMID: 18204052 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PLA2G7) is a potent pro- and anti-inflammatory molecule that has been implicated in multiple inflammatory disease processes, including cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the genetic effects of PLA2G7 on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in two large, independent datasets with CAD. Using a haplotype tagging (ht) approach, 19 ht single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in CATHGEN case-control samples (cases = 806 and controls = 267) and in the GENECARD Family Study (n = 1101 families, 2954 individuals). Single SNP analysis using logistic regression revealed nine SNPs with significant association in all CATHGEN subjects (P = 0.0004-0.02). CATHGEN cases were further stratified into subgroups based on age of CAD onset (AOO) and severity of disease; 599 young affecteds (YA, AOO <56) and 207 old affected (OA, AOO >56). Significant genetic effects were observed in both OA and YA (P = 0.0001-0.02). The GENECARD probands demonstrated results similar to those seen in the YA CATHGEN cases (P = 0.002-0.05). Of the 19 SNPs genotyped, 3 SNPs result in nonsynonymous coding changes (I198T, A379V and R92H). Two of the coding SNPs, R92H and A379V, constitute two of the most significantly associated SNPs, even after Bonferroni correction and appear to represent independent associations (r(2) = 0.09). Multiple additional polymorphisms in low linkage disequilibrium with these coding SNPs were also strongly associated. In summary, PLA2G7 represents an important, potentially functional candidate in the pathophysiology of CAD based on replicated associations using two independent datasets and multiple statistical approaches. Further functional studies involving a combination of risk alleles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth S Sutton
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Genetic contribution to carotid vascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2007; 28:131-3. [PMID: 17975717 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether stromelysin, a candidate gene in atherogenesis, plays a role in atherogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a leading cause of mortality in SLE. PATIENTS AND METHODS A genetic study using polymorphism located in the promoter region of stromelysin was performed in 55 Italian patients with SLE. Carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) was evaluated by B mode ultrasonography. RESULTS All patients with an "abnormal" (> or =0.9 mm) IMT carried at least one 6A allele, and the degree of IMT was significantly greater in patients carrying at least one 6A allele (0.63 +/- 0.22 vs 0.43 +/- 0.04 mm, 5A/6A + 6A/6A vs 5A/5A, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Our data show that polymorphism of stromelysin promoter may be relevant for SLE-related cardiovascular disease.
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Kullo IJ, Ding K. Mechanisms of disease: The genetic basis of coronary heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:558-69. [PMID: 17893684 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since completion of the human genome sequence, considerable progress has been made in determining the genetic basis of human diseases. Understanding the genetic basis of coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of mortality in developed countries, is a priority. Here we provide an update on the genetic basis of CHD, focusing mainly on the clinical manifestations rather than the risk factors, most of which are heritable and also influenced by genetic factors. The challenges faced when identifying clinically relevant genetic determinants of CHD include phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. In addition, the etiologic spectrum includes common genetic variants with small effects, as well as rare genetic variants with large effects. Advances such as the cataloging of human genetic variation, new statistical approaches for analyzing massive amounts of genetic data, and the development of high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platforms, will increase the likelihood of success in the search for genetic determinants of CHD. Such knowledge could refine cardiovascular risk stratification and facilitate the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar J Kullo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Chen Y, Rollins J, Paigen B, Wang X. Genetic and genomic insights into the molecular basis of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2007; 6:164-79. [PMID: 17767904 PMCID: PMC2083632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease involving genetic and environmental risk factors, acting on their own or in synergy. Within the general population, polymorphisms within genes in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and thrombogenesis are probably responsible for the wide range of susceptibility to myocardial infarction, a fatal consequence of atherosclerosis. Genetic linkage studies have been carried out in both humans and mouse models to identify these polymorphisms. Approximately 40 quantitative trait loci for atherosclerotic disease have been found in humans, and approximately 30 in mice. Recently, genome-wide association studies have been used to identify atherosclerosis-susceptibility polymorphisms. Although discovering new atherosclerosis genes through these approaches remains challenging, the pace at which these polymorphisms are being found is accelerating due to rapidly improving bioinformatics resources and biotechnologies. The outcome of these efforts will not only unveil the molecular basis of atherosclerosis but also facilitate the discovery of drug targets and individualized medication against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
| | - Jarod Rollins
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
| | - Beverly Paigen
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- *Address correspondence to: Xiaosong Wang, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. Tel.: (+1) 617 871 7285; Fax: (+1) 617 871 7053; E-mail:
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Hurst RT, Ng DWC, Kendall C, Khandheria B. Clinical Use of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Review of the Literature. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20:907-14. [PMID: 17617324 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2007.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a simple and inexpensive tool to assess the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular risk. CIMT is commonly used as a surrogate end point in research trials as a marker of atherosclerosis. However, new software programs have made CIMT a clinically practical examination for risk evaluation. CIMT correlates with cardiac risk factors and is an independent predictor of future myocardial infarction and stroke risk. Tests for subclinical atherosclerosis, such as CIMT, will help clinicians to more effectively identify the vulnerable patient who would benefit from aggressive prevention intervention.
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Gu CC, Hunt SC, Kardia S, Turner ST, Chakravarti A, Schork N, Olshen R, Curb D, Jaquish C, Boerwinkle E, Rao DC. An investigation of genome-wide associations of hypertension with microsatellite markers in the family blood pressure program (FBPP). Hum Genet 2007; 121:577-90. [PMID: 17372766 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP) has data on 387 microsatellite markers in 13,524 subjects from four major ethnic groups. We investigated genetic association with hypertension of the linkage markers. Family-based methods were used to test association of the 387 loci with resting blood pressures (BPs) [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and the hypertension status (HT). We applied a vote-counting approach to pool results across the three correlated traits, network samples, and ethnic groups to refine the selection of susceptibility loci. The association analyses captured signals missed by previous linkage scans. We found 71 loci associated with at least one of the three traits in at least one of the four ethnic groups at the significance level of 0.01. After validation across multiple samples and related traits, we identified by vote-counting 21 candidate loci for hypertension. Two loci, D3S2459 and D10S1412 confirmed findings in Network-specific linkage scans (GENOA and SAPPHIRe). Many of the candidate loci were reported by others in linkage to BPs, body weight, heart disease, and diabetes. We also observed frequent presence of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in autoimmune and neurological disorders (e.g., NOD2). The vote-counting method of pooling results recognizes the potential that a gene may be involved in varying ways among different samples, which we believe is responsible for identifying genes in the less explored inflammatory pathways to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8067, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Oda K, Tanaka N, Arai T, Araki J, Song Y, Zhang L, Kuchiba A, Hosoi T, Shirasawa T, Muramatsu M, Sawabe M. Polymorphisms in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis: a pathological study of 1503 consecutive autopsy cases. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:592-9. [PMID: 17213232 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the intima of the arterial wall, where cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the question of whether or not genetic variations in the cytokine genes could influence the development of atherosclerosis has been poorly investigated. We investigated the relationship of nine common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10, IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 with the atherosclerotic severity in 10 different arteries based on 1503 consecutive autopsies of elderly Japanese subjects registered in the Japanese SNPs for geriatric research (JG-SNP) study. The -1031C allele of TNF-alpha was a significant protective factor for atherogenesis in the carotid, femoral and intracranial arteries [odds ratio (OR): 0.72, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively]. The -511T of IL-1beta and the +29T of TGF-beta1 were significant risk factors for atherogenesis in the subclavian and intracranial arteries (OR: 1.35 and 1.48, respectively). In contrast, conventional risk factors for atherogenesis, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, conferred independent risks for almost all arteries. Functional SNPs in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 genes play a role in atherogenesis, although their influences are less pronounced than those of conventional risk factors and appear to be limited to specific arteries in the Japanese elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Oda
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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North KE, Carr JJ, Borecki IB, Kraja A, Province M, Pankow JS, Wilk JB, Hixson JE, Heiss G. QTL-specific genotype-by-smoking interaction and burden of calcified coronary atherosclerosis: the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2006; 193:11-9. [PMID: 16965775 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcified coronary plaque (CCP) is a complex trait influenced by both genes and environment, and plausibly an interaction between the two. Because the familial aggregation of CCP has been demonstrated and smoking is a significant, independent predictor of CCP, we assessed the evidence for genotype-by-smoking interaction and conducted linkage analysis of quantitative Agatston CCP scores in participants of the NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS). METHODS During standardized clinical exams smoking habits were ascertained and CCP was quantified with cardiac computed tomography (CT). Among 4387 relationship pairs from 2128 Caucasian examinees variance component analysis was implemented in SOLAR to examine: (1) additive genotype-by-smoking status interaction using a variance component approach; (2) linkage analysis in the full sample and among smoking subsets defined by individual smoking exposure; (3) QTL-specific genotype-by-smoking interaction in the regions that appeared to differentiate between smoking strata. RESULTS The prevalence of CCP (and median Agatston score) was 75% (184.6) in men and 48% (51.0) in women. We detected four genome-wide significant logarithm of odds (LOD) scores in samples stratified by individual smoking exposure: chromosome 4 at 122cM (nearest marker D4S2297; robust adjusted LOD=3.1; q=0.053), chromosome 6 at 99cM (nearest marker D6S1056; robust adjusted LOD=3.3; q=0.053), chromosome 11 at 19cM (nearest marker D11S199; robust adjusted LOD=4.0; q=0.02) and chromosome 13 at 77cM (nearest marker D13S892; robust adjusted LOD=3.1; q=0.053). Additive and QTL-specific genotype-by-smoking interaction was detected on chromosomes 4, 6, 11 and 13; all P<0.05. Three of the four QTLs identified in this report have been previously linked to atherosclerosis and harbor interesting candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of considering complex interactions in the search for genes that influence the pathogenesis of CCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
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Tymchuk CN, Hartiala J, Patel PI, Mehrabian M, Allayee H. Nonconventional genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2006; 8:184-92. [PMID: 16640955 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-006-0072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances made in identifying the genes for rare mendelian forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), relatively little is known about the common, complex forms at the genetic level. Moreover, most genes that have been associated with CVD, whether they are single gene forms or more common forms of the disease, have primarily been involved in biochemical pathways related to what are considered "conventional" risk factors. However, recent genetic studies have begun to identify genes and pathways associated with CVD that would not be considered to underlie conventional risk factors. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this latter notion based on recent linkage and association studies in humans. As an example, we also illustrate how a combination of mouse and human genetics led to identification of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway for CVD, with potentially important implications for its treatment and diagnosis. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects for identifying CVD genes in the future and for potentially developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Tymchuk
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, IGM 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9075, USA
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Xing C, Klein BEK, Klein R, Jun G, Lee KE, Iyengar SK. Genome-Wide Linkage Study of Retinal Vessel Diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypertension 2006; 47:797-802. [PMID: 16505201 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000208330.68355.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vessels can be observed noninvasively and provide a window to microvascular systems elsewhere in the body. Generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing can represent structural changes resulting from persistent high blood pressure. However, data from recent studies also suggest that generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing might precede hypertension and contribute to its pathogenesis. To determine whether vessel diameters in the eye are genetically determined, we conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent) using data from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. There were 7 regions on 5 chromosomes (3q28, 5q35, 7q21, 7q32, 11q14, 11q24, and 17q11) showing linkage signals at the nominal multipoint significance level of 0.01 for either covariate-unadjusted or -adjusted central retinal artery equivalent; there were 7 regions on 6 chromosomes (1p36, 6p25, 6q14, 8q21, 11p15, 13q34, and 14q21) showing linkage signals at the nominal multipoint significance level of 0.01 for either covariate-unadjusted or -adjusted central retinal vein equivalent. The linkage results for retinal vessel diameters indicate genetic contributions that remain significant even after adjusting for hypertension and other covariates. In summary, we provide evidence demonstrating that genetic factors independent of hypertension affect retinal vessel diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Abstract
Diabetic patients have a threefold higher risk of developing atherosclerosis and its clinical complications compared with nondiabetic individuals. Part of the cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes is probably due to genetic determinants influencing both glucose homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. However, type 2 diabetes frequently coexists with other cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. Genetic variability affects many areas, such as lipid and energy metabolisms, hypertension and hemodynamic mechanisms, blood clotting homeostasis, inflammation, and matrix turnover in the vascular wall, and will have an impact on the development of macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. These individual susceptibility factors each contribute only a small increased risk interacting with environmental determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fumeron
- Inserm Unité 695, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France
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47
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van Asselt KM, Kok HS, van der Schouw YT, Peeters PHM, Pearson PL, Grobbee DE. Role of genetic analyses in cardiology: part II: heritability estimation for gene searching in multifactorial diseases. Circulation 2006; 113:1136-9. [PMID: 16505191 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.563197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel M van Asselt
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Souto JC, Soria JM. Plasma homocysteine and the genetics of cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2006; 2:169-78. [PMID: 19804073 DOI: 10.2217/14796678.2.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is extremely complex. It results from the interaction of many genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have demonstrated its genetic basis, estimating a heritability of approximately 60%. In the last 5 years, at least 19 genome-wide explorations for genes related to CVD have been undertaken, but none has yet unequivocally demonstrated a causal relationship with the disease. One method that can be used to find the causative genes is analyzing intermediate genetic phenotypes or risk factors, such as plasma homocysteine (Hcy). A recent genome-wide quantitative-trait-linkage analysis of Hcy plasma levels has found a previously unsuspected gene as the major genetic determinant of this risk factor. It codes for the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, and this gene is now a candidate gene that explains a portion of the genetic basis of CVD. If confirmed, this finding will probably influence future research on the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and CVD, as well as other complex diseases related to plasma Hcy levels, such as Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Souto
- Unitat d'Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni M feminine Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Wang X, Ishimori N, Korstanje R, Rollins J, Paigen B. Identifying novel genes for atherosclerosis through mouse-human comparative genetics. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:1-15. [PMID: 15931593 PMCID: PMC1226181 DOI: 10.1086/431656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to atherosclerosis is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Its genetic determinants have been studied by use of quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) analysis. So far, 21 atherosclerosis QTLs have been identified in the mouse: 7 in a high-fat-diet model only, 9 in a sensitized model (apolipoprotein E- or LDL [low-density lipoprotein] receptor-deficient mice) only, and 5 in both models, suggesting that different gene sets operate in each model and that a subset operates in both. Among the 27 human atherosclerosis QTLs reported, 17 (63%) are located in regions homologous (concordant) to mouse QTLs, suggesting that these mouse and human atherosclerosis QTLs have the same underlying genes. Therefore, genes regulating human atherosclerosis will be found most efficiently by first finding their orthologs in concordant mouse QTLs. Novel mouse QTL genes will be found most efficiently by using a combination of the following strategies: identifying QTLs in new crosses performed with previously unused parental strains; inducing mutations in large-scale, high-throughput mutagenesis screens; and using new genomic and bioinformatics tools. Once QTL genes are identified in mice, they can be tested in human association studies for their relevance in human atherosclerotic disease.
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