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Thong-Asa W, Puenpha K, Lairaksa T, Saengjinda S. Neuroprotective effects of betanin in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Anim 2023; 72:336-345. [PMID: 36754417 PMCID: PMC10435356 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury as found in stroke is a complex and heterogeneous disorder and closely related to disability and death. Today, nutraceuticals and protective therapy to increase neuronal integrity and prevent pathological complication are common. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of betanin against cerebral IR injury in mice. Forty male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were divided into Sham-veh, IR-veh, IR-Bet50 and IR-Bet100 groups. After 2 weeks of oral administration of normal saline (vehicle; veh) or 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of betanin (Bet), mice were subjected to IR induction using 30-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Brain infarction, oxidative status, cortical and hippocampal neurons and white matter pathologies were evaluated. Results showed that IR significantly increases brain infarction, Cornus Ammonis 1 (CA1) hippocampal and corpus callosum (CC) and internal capsule (IC) white matter degeneration (P<0.05). Brain oxidative status revealed significant elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) together with a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) activity, induced by IR (P<0.05). Pretreatment with betanin 100 mg/kg led to a significant reduction in brain infarction and MDA, CA1 hippocampus, CC and IC white matter degeneration. Betanin also led to a significant increase in CAT activity (P<0.05), with enhancing effect on reduced glutathione levels (GSH, P<0.05). The present study revealed the neuroprotective efficacy of betanin against IR injury in mice's brains, including its inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and boosting of GSH and CAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiryah Thong-Asa
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanthaporn Puenpha
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thannaporn Lairaksa
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwipha Saengjinda
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Sorbie A, Delgado Jiménez R, Weiler M, Benakis C. Protocol for microbiota analysis of a murine stroke model. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101969. [PMID: 36625216 PMCID: PMC9843484 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on the microbiota in neurological diseases such as stroke are increasingly common; however, stroke researchers may have limited experience with designing such studies. Here, we describe a protocol to conduct a stroke microbiota study in mice, from experimental stroke surgery and sample collection to data analysis. We provide details on sample processing and sequencing and provide a reproducible data analysis pipeline. In doing so, we hope to enable researchers to conduct robust studies and facilitate identification of stroke-associated microbial signatures. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sorbie et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sorbie
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Rosa Delgado Jiménez
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monica Weiler
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Törteli A, Tóth R, Berger S, Samardzic S, Bari F, Menyhárt Á, Farkas E. Spreading depolarization causes reperfusion failure after cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:655-664. [PMID: 36703609 PMCID: PMC10108181 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231153745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful recanalization, reperfusion failure associated with poor neurological outcomes develops in half of treated stroke patients. We explore here whether spreading depolarization (SD) is a predictor of reperfusion failure. Global forebrain ischemia/reperfusion was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 57). SD and cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes were visualized with transcranial intrinsic optical signal and laser speckle contrast imaging. To block SD, MK801 was applied (n = 26). Neurological deficit, circle of Willis (CoW) anatomy and neuronal injury were evaluated 24 hours later. SD emerged after ischemia onset in one or both hemispheres under a perfusion threshold (CBF drop to 21.1 ± 4.6 vs. 33.6 ± 4.4%, SD vs. no SD). The failure of later reperfusion (44.4 ± 12.5%) was invariably linked to previous SD. In contrast, reperfusion was adequate (98.9 ± 7.4%) in hemispheres devoid of SD. Absence of the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery in the CoW favored SD occurrence and reperfusion failure. SD occurrence and reperfusion failure were associated with poor neurologic function, and neuronal necrosis 24 hours after ischemia. The inhibition of SD significantly improved reperfusion. SD occurrence during ischemia impairs later reperfusion, prognosticating poor neurological outcomes. The increased likelihood of SD occurrence is predicted by inadequate collaterals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Törteli
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - University of Szeged, Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Tóth
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - University of Szeged, Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarah Berger
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarah Samardzic
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Menyhárt
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - University of Szeged, Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine - University of Szeged, Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Justić H, Barić A, Šimunić I, Radmilović M, Ister R, Škokić S, Dobrivojević Radmilović M. Redefining the Koizumi model of mouse cerebral ischemia: A comparative longitudinal study of cerebral and retinal ischemia in the Koizumi and Longa middle cerebral artery occlusion models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2080-2094. [PMID: 35748043 PMCID: PMC9580169 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral and retinal ischemia share similar pathogenesis and epidemiology, each carrying both acute and prolonged risk of the other and often co-occurring. The most used preclinical stroke models, the Koizumi and Longa middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) methods, have reported retinal damage with great variability, leaving the disruption of retinal blood supply via MCAO poorly investigated, even providing conflicting assumptions on the origin of the ophthalmic artery in rodents. The aim of our study was to use longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance assessment of cerebral and retinal vascular perfusion after the ischemic injury to clarify whether and how the Koizumi and Longa methods induce retinal ischemia and how they differ in terms of cerebral and retinal lesion evolution. We provided anatomical evidence of the origin of the ophthalmic artery in mice from the pterygopalatine artery. Following the Koizumi surgery, retinal responses to ischemia overlapped with those in the brain, resulting in permanent damage. In contrast, the Longa method produced only extensive cerebral lesions, with greater tissue loss than in the Koizumi method. Additionally, our data suggests the Koizumi method should be redefined as a model of ischemia with chronic hypoperfusion rather than of ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Justić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Barić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šimunić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Radmilović
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rok Ister
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Škokić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Dobrivojević Radmilović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Yang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Vascular dementia: A microglia's perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101734. [PMID: 36113763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a second most common form of age-related dementia. It is characterized by cognitive impairment associated with vascular pathology, symptoms mainly caused by cerebral damage due to inadequate blood flow to the brain. The pathogenesis of VaD is complex, and a growing body of literature emphasizes on the involvement of microglia in disease development and progression. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of microglia in regulating neuroinflammation under the pathogenesis of VaD. The commonly used animal and cell models for understanding the disease pathogenesis were summarized. The mechanisms by which microglia contribute to VaD are multifactorial, and we specifically focus on some of the predominant functions of microglia, including chemotaxis, secretory property, phagocytosis, and its crosstalk with other neurovascular unit cells. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglia-modulated neuroinflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zirui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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6
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Fraenkl SA, Simon Q, Yucel Y, Gupta N, Wittwer VV, Frueh BE, Tschanz SA. Impact of cerebral hypoperfusion-reperfusion on optic nerve integrity and visual function in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:bmjophth-2022-001078. [PMID: 36161839 PMCID: PMC9476133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the most important risk factors for developing a glaucomatous optic neuropathy is elevated intraocular pressure. Moreover, mechanisms such as altered perfusion have been postulated to injure the optical path. In a mouse model, we compare first negative effects of cerebral perfusion/reperfusion on the optic nerve structure versus alterations by elevated intraocular pressure. Second, we compare the alterations by isolated hypoperfusion-reperfusion and isolated intraocular pressure to the combination of both. Methods and analysis Mice were divided in four groups: (1) controls; (2) perfusion altered mice that underwent transient bi-common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 40 min; (3) glaucoma group (DBA/2J mice); (4) combined glaucoma and altered perfusion (DBA/2J mice with transient BCCAO). Optic nerve sections were stereologically examined 10–12 weeks after intervention. Results All experimental groups showed a decreased total axon number per optic nerve compared with controls. In DBA/2J and combined DBA/2J & BCCAO mice the significant decrease was roughly 50%, while BCCAO leaded to a 23% reduction of axon number, however reaching significance only in the direct t-test. The difference in axon number between BCCAO and both DBA/2J mice was almost 30%, lacking statistical significance due to a remarkably high variation in both DBA/2J groups. Conclusion Elevated intraocular pressure in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma leads to a much more pronounced optic nerve atrophy compared with transient forebrain hypoperfusion and reperfusion by BCCAO. A supposed worsening effect of an altered perfusion added to the pressure-related damage could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Simon
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yeni Yucel
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neeru Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valéry V Wittwer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Ophthalmologic Network Organization (ONO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice E Frueh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Ma X, Wang Y, Shi Y, Li S, Liu J, Li X, Zhong W, Pan Q. Exosomal miR-132-3p from mesenchymal stromal cells improves synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in vascular dementia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:315. [PMID: 35841005 PMCID: PMC9284820 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Vascular dementia (VD) results in cognition and memory deficit. Exosomes and their carried microRNAs (miRs) contribute to the neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells, and miR-132-3p plays a key role in neuron plasticity. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of MSC EX and their miR-132-3p cargo in rescuing cognition and memory deficit in VD mice. Methods Bilateral carotid artery occlusion was used to generate a VD mouse model. MiR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the hippocampus and cortex were measured. At 24-h post-VD induction, mice were administered with MSC EX infected with control lentivirus (EXCon), pre-miR-132-3p-expressing lentivirus (EXmiR-132-3p), or miR-132-3p antago lentivirus (EXantagomiR-132-3p) intravenously. Behavioral and cognitive tests were performed, and the mice were killed in 21 days after VD. The effects of MSC EX on neuron number, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, and Aβ and p-Tau levels in the hippocampus and cortex were determined. The effects of MSC EX on oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured neurons with respect to apoptosis, and neurite elongation and branching were determined. Finally, the expression levels of Ras, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and Tau were also measured. Results Compared with normal mice, VD mice exhibited significantly decreased miR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Compared with EXCon treatment, the infusion of EXmiR-132-3p was more effective at improving cognitive function and increasing miR-132-3p level, neuron number, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density, while decreasing Aβ and p-Tau levels in the cortex and hippocampus of VD mice. Conversely, EXantagomiR-132-3p treatment significantly decreased miR-132-3p expression in cortex and hippocampus, as well as attenuated EXmiR-132-3p treatment-induced functional improvement. In vitro, EXmiR-132-3p treatment inhibited RASA1 protein expression, but increased Ras and the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, and decreased p-Tau levels in primary neurons by delivering miR-132-3p, which resulted in reduced apoptosis, and increased neurite elongation and branching in OGD-injured neurons. Conclusions Our studies suggest that miR-132-3p cluster-enriched MSC EX promotes the recovery of cognitive function by improving neuronal and synaptic dysfunction through activation of the Ras/Akt/GSK-3β pathway induced by downregulation of RASA1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02995-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Suqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Qunwen Pan
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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8
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Chovsepian A, Berchtold D, Winek K, Mamrak U, Ramírez Álvarez I, Dening Y, Golubczyk D, Weitbrecht L, Dames C, Aillery M, Fernandez‐Sanz C, Gajewski Z, Dieterich M, Janowski M, Falkai P, Walczak P, Plesnila N, Meisel A, Pan‐Montojo F. A Primeval Mechanism of Tolerance to Desiccation Based on Glycolic Acid Saves Neurons in Mammals from Ischemia by Reducing Intracellular Calcium-Mediated Excitotoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103265. [PMID: 34904402 PMCID: PMC8811841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments, such as pharmacological thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, reopen occluded arteries but do not protect against ischemia-induced damage that occurs before reperfusion or neuronal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion. It has been shown that disrupting the conversion of glyoxal to glycolic acid (GA) results in a decreased tolerance to anhydrobiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva and that GA itself can rescue this phenotype. During the process of desiccation/rehydration, a metabolic stop/start similar to the one observed during ischemia/reperfusion occurs. In this study, the protective effect of GA is tested in different ischemia models, i.e., in commonly used stroke models in mice and swine. The results show that GA, given during reperfusion, strongly protects against ischemic damage and improves functional outcome. Evidence that GA exerts its effect by counteracting the glutamate-dependent increase in intracellular calcium during excitotoxicity is provided. These results suggest that GA treatment has the potential to reduce mortality and disability in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Daniel Berchtold
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Inés Ramírez Álvarez
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Yanina Dening
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
| | | | - Luis Weitbrecht
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Claudia Dames
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Marine Aillery
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: SeppicÎle‐de‐FranceLa Garenne‐Colombes92250France
| | - Celia Fernandez‐Sanz
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Center for Translational MedicineDepartment of MedicineThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Center for Translational MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw02‐787Poland
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Francisco Pan‐Montojo
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
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9
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Rocha RF, Del Sarto JL, Gomes GF, Gonçalves MP, Rachid MA, Smetana JHC, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Marques RE. Type I interferons are essential while type II interferon is dispensable for protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus infection in the mouse brain. Virulence 2021; 12:244-259. [PMID: 33410731 PMCID: PMC7808420 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1869392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes severe neurological disease in humans. SLEV replication in the central nervous system (CNS) induces the local production of interferons (IFNs), which are attributed to host protection. The antiviral response to SLEV infection in the CNS is not completely understood, which led us to characterize the roles of IFNs using mouse models of St. Louis encephalitis. We infected mice deficient in type I IFN receptor (ABR-/-) or deficient in Type II IFN (IFNγ-/-) and assessed the contribution of each pathway to disease development. We found that type I and II IFNs play different roles in SLEV infection. Deficiency in type I IFN signaling was associated to an early and increased mortality, uncontrolled SLEV replication and impaired ISG expression, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokine production and brain pathology. Conversely, IFNγ-/- mice were moderately resistant to SLEV infection. IFNγ deficiency caused no changes to viral load or SLEV-induced encephalitis and did not change the expression of ISGs in the brain. We found that type I IFN is essential for the control of SLEV replication whereas type II IFN was not associated with protection in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana L. Del Sarto
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F. Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Gonçalves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Milene A. Rachid
- Laboratório de Apoptose, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana H. C. Smetana
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele G. Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Bonnin P, Kubis N, Charriaut-Marlangue C. Collateral Supply in Preclinical Cerebral Stroke Models. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:512-527. [PMID: 34797519 PMCID: PMC9232412 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the collateral blood supply during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia may limit both the extension of the core infarct, by rescuing the penumbra area, and the degree of disability. Many imaging techniques have been applied to rodents in preclinical studies, to evaluate the magnitude of collateral blood flow and the time course of responses during the early phase of ischemic stroke. The collateral supply follows several different routes at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and its surface (leptomeningeal or pial arteries), corresponding to the proximal and distal collateral pathways, respectively. In this review, we describe and illustrate the cerebral collateral systems and their modifications following pre-Willis or post-Willis occlusion in rodents. We also review the potential pharmaceutical agents for stimulating the collateral blood supply tested to date. The time taken to establish a collateral blood flow supply through the leptomeningeal anastomoses differs between young and adult animals and between different species and genetic backgrounds. Caution is required when transposing preclinical findings to humans, and clinical trials must be performed to check the added value of pharmacological agents for stimulating the collateral blood supply at appropriate time points. However, collateral recruitment appears to be a rapid, beneficial, endogenous mechanism that can be stimulated shortly after artery occlusion. It should be considered a treatment target for use in addition to recanalization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bonnin
- APHP, Physiologie Clinique - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1148, LVTS, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, F-75018, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- APHP, Physiologie Clinique - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université de Paris, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010, Paris, France.,INSERM U1148, LVTS, Hôpital Bichat, Université de Paris, F-75018, Paris, France
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11
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Trotman-Lucas M, Gibson CL. A review of experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia focusing on the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. F1000Res 2021; 10:242. [PMID: 34046164 PMCID: PMC8127011 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51752.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, but current pharmacological therapies are limited in their utility and effectiveness.
In vitro and
in vivo models of ischemic stroke have been developed which allow us to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of injury and investigate potential drug targets.
In vitro models permit mechanistic investigation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of injury but are reductionist and do not mimic the complexity of clinical stroke.
In vivo models of ischemic stroke directly replicate the reduction in blood flow and the resulting impact on nervous tissue. The most frequently used
in vivo model of ischemic stroke is the intraluminal suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (iMCAO) model, which has been fundamental in revealing various aspects of stroke pathology. However, the iMCAO model produces lesion volumes with large standard deviations even though rigid surgical and data collection protocols are followed. There is a need to refine the MCAO model to reduce variability in the standard outcome measure of lesion volume. The typical approach to produce vessel occlusion is to induce an obstruction at the origin of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion is reliant on the Circle of Willis (CoW). However, in rodents the CoW is anatomically highly variable which could account for variations in lesion volume. Thus, we developed a refined approach whereby reliance on the CoW for reperfusion was removed. This approach improved reperfusion to the ischemic hemisphere, reduced variability in lesion volume by 30%, and reduced group sizes required to determine an effective treatment response by almost 40%. This refinement involves a methodological adaptation of the original surgical approach which we have shared with the scientific community via publication of a visualised methods article and providing hands-on training to other experimental stroke researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire L Gibson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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12
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Codd LN, Blackmore DG, Vukovic J, Bartlett PF. Exercise reverses learning deficits induced by hippocampal injury by promoting neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19269. [PMID: 33159114 PMCID: PMC7648755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline are common sequelae of many neurodegenerative disorders, including stroke. To determine whether cognitive decline can be ameliorated by exercise-induced neurogenesis, C57BL/6 mice in which a unilateral hippocampal injury had been induced by injecting the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 into their right hippocampus, were run voluntarily for 21 days on a running-wheel. We found the severe deficits in spatial learning, as detected by active place-avoidance task, following injury were almost completely restored in animals that ran whereas those that did not run showed no improvement. We show the increase in neurogenesis found in both the injured and contralateral hippocampi following running was responsible for the restoration of learning since bilateral ablation of newborn doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurons abrogated the cognitive improvement, whereas unilateral ablations of DCX-positive neurons did not prevent recovery, demonstrating that elevated neurogenesis in either the damaged or intact hippocampus is sufficient to reverse hippocampal injury-induced deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia N Codd
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel G Blackmore
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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13
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Lunardelli ML, Crupi R, Siracusa R, Cocuzza G, Cordaro M, Martini E, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Co-ultraPEALut: Role in Preclinical and Clinical Delirium Manifestations. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:530-554. [PMID: 31244434 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190617162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a disorder in awareness, attention and cognition. Pathophysiologically it is a response to stress. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a usual complication in aged patients following hip fracture surgery. Neuroinflammation is an important factor linked with the progress of POD. Though there are no efficient cures for delirium the endocannabinoid system may have a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we examined the effects of co-ultramicronized PEALut (co-ultraPEALut) in the LPS murine model of delirium and in elderly hip fractured patients. METHODS In the preclinical study, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Escherichia coli LPS (10 mg/kg). Co-ultraPEALut (1 mg/kg o.s.) was administered 1h before LPS injection or 1h and 6h after LPS injection or 1h before LPS injection and 1h and 6h after LPS. In the clinical study, the effects of Glialia® (co-ultramicronized 700 mg PEA + 70 mg luteolin) administration was evaluated in elderly hip fractured patients with an interventional, randomized, single-blind, monocentric study. RESULTS Administration of co-ultraPEALut to LPS-challenged mice ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions and locomotor activity; moreover, it reduced inflammation and apoptosis, while stimulating antioxidant response and limiting the loss of neurotrophins. In the clinical study, the results obtained demonstrated that administration of Glialia® to these surgical patients prevented the onset of POD and attenuated symptom intensity and their duration. CONCLUSION Therefore, the results obtained enhanced the idea that co-ultraPEALut may be a potential treatment to control cognitive impairment and the inflammatory and oxidative processes associated with delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lia Lunardelli
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cocuzza
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilio Martini
- Geriatric Unit - Orthogeriatric Ward, Universitary Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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14
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Xiao Y, Fan M, Jin W, Li WA, Jia Y, Dong Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride ameliorated spatial cognitive impairment through activating mTOR phosphorylation and inhibiting excessive autophagy in the repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32989388 PMCID: PMC7517419 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been previously demonstrated to alleviate cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injuries; however, the specific mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, the C57BL/6 mouse model of spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established. Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the levels of spatial cognitive impairment. Nissl staining was used to observe any morphological alterations, whilst western blotting was performed to measure the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1 in addition to mTOR phosphorylation. LiCl was found to significantly improve spatial learning and memory impairments according to data from the Morris water maze test. Nissl staining indicated that LiCl inhibited neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Additionally, LiCl increased mTOR phosphorylation, reduced beclin1 expression and reduced the LC3 II/I expression ratio. Taken together, these findings suggest that LiCl may alleviate the spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This observation may be attributed to the inhibition of excessive autophagy by LiCl through mTOR signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - William A Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yanqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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15
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Yanagisawa T, Zhang H, Suzuki T, Kamio Y, Takizawa T, Morais A, Chung DY, Qin T, Murayama Y, Faber JE, Patel AB, Ayata C. Sex and Genetic Background Effects on the Outcome of Experimental Intracranial Aneurysms. Stroke 2020; 51:3083-3094. [PMID: 32912097 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture risk are, in part, determined by genetic factors and sex. To examine their role, we compared 3 mouse strains commonly used in cerebrovascular studies in a model of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture. METHODS Intracranial aneurysms were induced in male CD1 (Crl:CD1[ICR]), male and female C57 (C57BL/6NCrl), and male 129Sv (129S2/SvPasCrl or 129S1/SvImJ) mice by stereotaxic injection of elastase at the skull base, combined with systemic deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Neurological deficits and mortality were recorded. Aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage grades were quantified postmortem, either after spontaneous mortality or at 7 to 21 days if the animals survived. In separate cohorts, we examined proinflammatory mediators by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, arterial blood pressure via the femoral artery, and the circle of Willis by intravascular latex casting. RESULTS We found striking differences in aneurysm formation, rupture, and postrupture survival rates among the groups. 129Sv mice showed the highest rates of aneurysm rupture (80%), followed by C57 female (36%), C57 male (27%), and CD1 (21%). The risk of aneurysm rupture and the presence of unruptured aneurysms significantly differed among all 3 strains, as well as between male and female C57. The same hierarchy was observed upon Kaplan-Meier analysis of both overall survival and deficit-free survival. Subarachnoid hemorrhage grades were also more severe in 129Sv. CD1 mice showed the highest resistance to aneurysm rupture and the mildest outcomes. Higher mean blood pressures and the major phenotypic difference in the circle of Willis anatomy in 129Sv provided an explanation for the higher incidence of and more severe aneurysm ruptures. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-1β (interleukin-1-beta), and CCL2 (chemokine C-C motif ligand 2) expressions did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of elastase-induced intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture in mice depends on genetic background and shows sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yanagisawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (T.Y., A.B.P.).,Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., Y.M.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (H.Z., J.E.F.)
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Yoshinobu Kamio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Andreia Morais
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (A.M.)
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (D.Y.C., C.A.)
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.)
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., Y.M.)
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (H.Z., J.E.F.).,Department of Neurobiology Curriculum, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (J.E.F.)
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (T.Y., A.B.P.)
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.Y., T.S., T.T., D.Y.C., T.Q., A.M., C.A.).,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. (D.Y.C., C.A.)
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16
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Commonly used mouse strains have distinct vascular properties. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1175-1181. [PMID: 32409775 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mice are the most common animal model to investigate human disease and explore physiology. Mice are practical, cost efficient, and easily used for genetic manipulations. Although variability in cardiac structure and function among mouse strains is well noted, the effect of mouse strain on vascular stiffness indices is not known. Here, we compared mouse strain-dependent differences in key vascular stiffness indices among frequently used inbred mouse strains-C57Bl/6J, 129S, and Bl6/129S. In young healthy animals, baseline blood pressure and heart rate were identical in all strains, and independent of gender. However, both active in vivo and passive ex vivo vascular stiffness indices exhibited distinct differences. Specifically, both male and female 129S animals demonstrated the highest tensile stiffness, were least responsive to acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, and showed the lowest pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of in vivo stiffness. C57Bl/6J mice demonstrated the highest PWV, lowest tensile stiffness, and the highest response to acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. Interestingly, within each strain, female mice had more compliant aortas. C57Bl/6J mice had thinner vessel walls with fewer layers, whereas 129S mice had the thickest walls with the most layers. Values in the Bl6/129S mixed background mice fell between C57Bl/6J and 129S mice. In conclusion, we show that underlying vascular properties of different inbred wild-type mouse strains are distinct, despite superficial similarities in blood pressure. For each genetic modification, care should be taken to identify proper controls, and conclusions might need to be verified in more than one strain to minimize the risk of false positive studies.
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17
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León-Moreno LC, Castañeda-Arellano R, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Dueñas-Jiménez SH. Challenges and Improvements of Developing an Ischemia Mouse Model Through Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104773. [PMID: 32199775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the principal causes of death and disability worldwide in which prevention or an effective treatment does not exist. In order to develop successful treatments, an adequate and useful ischemia model is essential. Transient global cerebral ischemia is one of the most interesting pathological conditions in stroke studies because of the observed degeneration of forebrain and delayed neuronal cell death in selective vulnerable regions such as hippocampus. Transient occlusion of both common carotid arteries is the most convenient model to induce tGCI. Although there are effective rat and gerbil models using this method, the induction of a reproducible and reliable injury after global ischemia in mouse has presented higher variations, mainly because of its size and the necessary monitoring skills in order to accomplish homogeneous and reproducible results. Further, great variability among cerebral vasculature and susceptibility of the different strains and sub-strains is observed. In recent years, some modifications have been made to the model in order to normalize the heterogenic effects. Analysis of posterior communicating artery patency has been proposed as an exclusion parameter due to the direct relationship reported with the reduction of cerebral blood flow. Another method used to significantly reduce blood flow is the induction of hypotension with isoflurane. Each protocol produces distinct injury outcomes. Further improvements are needed to attain a general, simpler, reproducible and globally accepted model that allows comparisons between research groups, progress in understanding ischemia and the consequent development of therapeutic alternatives for ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University de Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Transplant and cGMP Cell Processing Facility, Health Sciences Center, University de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Horacio Dueñas-Jiménez
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, C.P. 44340 Jalisco, México.
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18
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Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Posterior Communicating Collaterals of the Circle of Willis. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:189-203. [PMID: 29589286 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variation in blood flow mediated by the posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComs) contributes to variation in the severity of tissue injury in obstructive disease. Evidence in animals and humans indicates that differences in the extent of PComs, i.e., their anatomic lumen diameter and whether they are present bilaterally, unilaterally, or absent, are a major factor. These differences arise during development since they are present at birth. However, the causal mechanisms are unknown. We used angiography after maximal dilation to examine involvement of genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. The extent of PComs varied widely among seven genetically diverse strains of mice. Like pial collaterals in the microcirculation, aging and hypertension reduced PCom diameter, while in contrast, obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus had no effect. Naturally occurring intrauterine growth restriction had no effect on extent of PCom or pial collaterals in the adult. The number and diameter of PComs evidenced much larger apparent stochastic-dependent variation than pial collaterals. In addition, both PComs underwent flow-mediated outward remodeling after unilateral permanent MCA occlusion that varied with genetic background and was greater on the ipsilesional side. These findings indicate that variation in the number and diameter of PCom collateral arteries arises from stochastic factors and naturally occurring genetic variants that differ from those that cause variation in pial collateral arterioles. Environmental factors also contribute: aging and hypertension reduce PCom diameter. Our results suggest possible sources of variation of PComs in humans and provide information relevant when studying mouse models of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
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19
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Zhao L, Mulligan MK, Nowak TS. Substrain- and sex-dependent differences in stroke vulnerability in C57BL/6 mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:426-438. [PMID: 29260927 PMCID: PMC6421252 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17746174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6 mouse strain is represented by distinct substrains, increasingly recognized to differ genetically and phenotypically. The current study compared stroke vulnerability among C57BL/6 J (J), C57BL/6JEiJ (JEiJ), C57BL/6ByJ (ByJ), C57BL/6NCrl (NCrl), C57BL/6NJ (NJ) and C57BL/6NTac (NTac) substrains, using a model of permanent distal middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery occlusion. Mean infarct volume was nearly two-fold smaller in J, JEiJ and ByJ substrains relative to NCrl, NJ and NTac (N-lineage) mice. This identifies a previously unrecognized confound in stroke studies involving genetically modified strain comparisons if control substrain background were not rigorously matched. Mean infarct size was smaller in females of J and ByJ substrains than in the corresponding males, but there was no sex difference for NCrl and NJ mice. A higher proportion of small infarcts in J and ByJ substrains was largely responsible for both substrain- and sex-dependent differences. These could not be straightforwardly explained by variations in posterior communicating artery patency, MCA anatomy or acute penumbral blood flow deficits. Their larger and more homogeneously distributed infarcts, together with their established use as the common background for many genetically modified strains, may make N-lineage C57BL/6 substrains the preferred choice for future studies in experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- 2 Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Nowak
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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20
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Impellizzeri D, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Petrosino S, Evangelista M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. N-Palmitoylethanolamine-oxazoline (PEA-OXA): A new therapeutic strategy to reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress associated to vascular dementia in an experimental model of repeated bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:77-91. [PMID: 30660740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent studies revealed that pharmacological modulation of NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) can be achieved with PEA oxazoline (PEA-OXA). Hence, the aim of the present work was to thoroughly evaluate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of PEA-OXA in an experimental model of vascular dementia (VaD) induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion. At 24 h after VaD induction, animals were orally administered with 10 mg/kg of PEA-OXA daily for 15 days. RESULTS Brain tissues were handled for histological, immunohistochemical, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. PEA-OXA treatment evidently reduced the histological alterations and neuronal death induced by VaD and additionally improved behavioral deficits. Further, PEA-OXA decreased GFAP and Iba-1, markers of astrocytes, and microglia activation, as well as increased MAP-2, a marker of neuron development. Moreover, PEA-OXA reduced oxidative stress, modulated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, and inhibited the apoptotic process. INNOVATION Some drugs may demonstrate their healing potential by regulating neuroinflammation, rather than by their habitually attributed actions only. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a prototype ALIAmide, well-known for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The inhibition of PEA degradation by targeting NAAA, its catabolic enzyme, is a different approach for treating neuroinflammation. This research offers new insight into the mechanism of PEA-OXA-induced neuroprotection. CONCLUSION Thus, the modulation of intracellular NAAA by PEA-OXA could offer a novel means of controlling neuroinflammatory conditions associated with VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030, Saccolongo, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine,Saint Louis, USA.
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21
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Nowak TS, Mulligan MK. Impact of C57BL/6 substrain on sex-dependent differences in mouse stroke models. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:12-21. [PMID: 30448566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have recently found significant variation in stroke vulnerability among substrains of C57BL/6 mice, observing that commonly used N-lineage substrains exhibit larger infarcts than C57BL/6J and related substrains. Parallel variation was also seen with respect to sex differences in stroke vulnerability, in that C57BL/6 mice of the N-lineage exhibited comparable infarct sizes in males and females, whereas infarcts tended to be smaller in females than in males of J-lineage substrains. This adds to the growing list of recognized phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains. Although no previous studies have explicitly compared substrains with respect to sex differences in stroke vulnerability, unrecognized background mismatch has occurred in some studies involving control and genetically modified mice. The aims of this review are to: present the evidence for associated substrain- and sex-dependent differences in a mouse permanent occlusion stroke model; examine the extent to which the published literature in other models compares with these recent results; and consider the potential impact of unrecognized heterogeneity in substrain background on the interpretation of studies investigating the impact of genetic modifications on sex differences in stroke outcome. Substrain emerges as a critical variable to be documented in any experimental stroke study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus S Nowak
- Department of Neurology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Zhang H, Lin S, Chen X, Gu L, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Reyes K, Wang B, Jin K. The effect of age, sex and strains on the performance and outcome in animal models of stroke. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:2-11. [PMID: 30291954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the majority of cerebral stroke is caused by occlusion of cerebral circulation, which eventually leads to brain infarction. Although stroke occurs mainly in the aged population, most animal models for experimental stroke in vivo almost universally rely on young-adult rodents for the evaluation of neuropathological, neurological, or behavioral outcomes after stroke due to their greater availability, lower cost, and fewer health problems. However, it is well established that aged animals differ from young animals in terms of physiology, neurochemistry, and behavior. Stroke-induced changes are more pronounced with advancing age. Therefore, the overlooked role of age in animal models of stroke could have an impact on data quality and hinder the translation of rodent models to humans. In addition to aging, other factors also influence functional performance after ischemic stroke. In this article, we summarize the differences between young and aged animals, the impact of age, sex and animal strains on performance and outcome in animal models of stroke and emphasize age as a key factor in preclinical stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Siyang Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Kassandra Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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23
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Song H, Mylvaganam SM, Wang J, Mylvaganam SMK, Wu C, Carlen PL, Eubanks JH, Feng J, Zhang L. Contributions of the Hippocampal CA3 Circuitry to Acute Seizures and Hyperexcitability Responses in Mouse Models of Brain Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:278. [PMID: 30210302 PMCID: PMC6123792 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal circuitry is widely recognized as susceptible to ischemic injury and seizure generation. However, hippocampal contribution to acute non-convulsive seizures (NCS) in models involving middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) remains to be determined. To address this, we occluded the middle cerebral artery in adult C57 black mice and monitored electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges from hippocampal and neocortical areas. Electrographic discharges in the absence of convulsive motor behaviors were observed within 90 min following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Hippocampal discharges were more robust than corresponding cortical discharges in all seizure events examined, and hippocampal discharges alone or with minimal cortical involvement were also observed in some seizure events. Seizure development was associated with ipsilateral hippocampal injuries as determined by subsequent histological examinations. We also introduced hypoxia-hypoglycemia episodes in mouse brain slices and examined regional hyperexcitable responses ex vivo. Extracellular recordings showed that the hippocampal CA3 region had a greater propensity for exhibiting single/multiunit activities or epileptiform field potentials following hypoxic-hypoglycemic (HH) episodes compared to the CA1, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortical (EC) or neocortical regions. Whole-cell recordings revealed that CA3 pyramidal neurons exhibited excessive excitatory postsynaptic currents, attenuated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and intermittent or repetitive spikes in response to HH challenge. Together, these observations suggest that hippocampal discharges, possibly as a result of CA3 circuitry hyperexcitability, are a major component of acute NCS in a mouse model of MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Song
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Justin Wang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chiping Wu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter L. Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James H. Eubanks
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Faw TD, Lerch JK, Thaxton TT, Deibert RJ, Fisher LC, Basso DM. Unique Sensory and Motor Behavior in Thy1-GFP-M Mice before and after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2167-2182. [PMID: 29385890 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is of utmost importance to injured individuals and will rely on improved understanding of SCI pathology and recovery. Novel transgenic mouse lines facilitate discovery, but must be understood to be effective. The purpose of this study was to characterize the sensory and motor behavior of a common transgenic mouse line (Thy1-GFP-M) before and after SCI. Thy1-GFP-M positive (TG+) mice and their transgene negative littermates (TG-) were acquired from two sources (in-house colony, n = 32, Jackson Laboratories, n = 4). C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice (Jackson Laboratories, n = 10) were strain controls. Moderate-severe T9 contusion (SCI) or transection (TX) occurred in TG+ (SCI, n = 25, TX, n = 5), TG- (SCI, n = 5), and WT (SCI, n = 10) mice. To determine responsiveness to rehabilitation, a cohort of TG+ mice with SCI (n = 4) had flat treadmill (TM) training 42-49 days post-injury (dpi). To characterize recovery, we performed Basso Mouse Scale, Grid Walk, von Frey Hair, and Plantar Heat Testing before and out to day 42 post-SCI. Open field locomotion was significantly better in the Thy1 SCI groups (TG+ and TG-) compared with WT by 7 dpi (p < 0.01) and was maintained through 42 dpi (p < 0.01). These unexpected locomotor gains were not apparent during grid walking, indicating severe impairment of precise motor control. Thy1 derived mice were hypersensitive to mechanical stimuli at baseline (p < 0.05). After SCI, mechanical hyposensitivity emerged in Thy1 derived groups (p < 0.001), while thermal hyperalgesia occurred in all groups (p < 0.001). Importantly, consistent findings across TG+ and TG- groups suggest that the effects are mediated by the genetic background rather than transgene manipulation itself. Surprisingly, TM training restored mechanical and thermal sensation to baseline levels in TG+ mice with SCI. This behavioral profile and responsiveness to chronic training will be important to consider when choosing models to study the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Faw
- 1 Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica K Lerch
- 3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,4 Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tyler T Thaxton
- 2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rochelle J Deibert
- 2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lesley C Fisher
- 2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - D Michele Basso
- 2 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,3 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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25
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Kahl A, Anderson CJ, Qian L, Voss H, Manfredi G, Iadecola C, Zhou P. Neuronal expression of the mitochondrial protein prohibitin confers profound neuroprotection in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1010-1020. [PMID: 28714328 PMCID: PMC5999007 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17720371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein prohibitin (PHB) has emerged as an important modulator of neuronal survival in different injury modalities . We previously showed that viral gene transfer of PHB protects CA1 neurons from delayed neurodegeneration following transient forebrain ischemia through mitochondrial mechanisms. However, since PHB is present in all cell types, it is not known if its selective expression in neurons is protective, and if the protection occurs also in acute focal ischemic brain injury, the most common stroke type in humans. Therefore, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing human PHB1 specifically in neurons (PHB1 Tg). PHB1 Tg mice and littermate controls were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Infarct volume and sensory-motor impairment were assessed three days later. Under the control of a neuronal promoter (CaMKIIα), PHB1 expression was increased by 50% in the forebrain and hippocampus in PHB1 Tg mice. The brain injury produced by MCAo was reduced by 63 ± 11% in PHB1 Tg mice compared to littermate controls. This reduction was associated with improved sensory-motor performance, suggesting that the salvaged brain remains functional. Approaches to enhance PHB expression may be useful to ameliorate the devastating impact of cerebral ischemia on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kahl
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Corey J Anderson
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Liping Qian
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Henning Voss
- 2 Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- 1 Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
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26
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Somredngan S, Thong-asa W. Neurological Changes in Vulnerable Brain Areas of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Mice. Ann Neurosci 2018; 24:233-242. [PMID: 29849447 PMCID: PMC5969357 DOI: 10.1159/000481789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with neurological changes and cognitive decline. It is a major cause of vascular dementia and a contributing factor in Alzheimer disease. Animal models are useful in helping to elucidate the mechanisms of these diseases while demonstrating differences in pathological onset and severity. Furthermore, different mouse strains show differences in their susceptibility to neurological damage resulting in different cognitive outcomes. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of CCH induced by permanent unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCO) on neurological damage in vulnerable brain regions such as hippocampus, striatum, and white matter areas from 2 to 8 weeks following CCH induction. METHODS Thirty-six male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into 2 main experimental groups, Sham and UCO. These 2 main groups were further divided into 3 observation periods of 2, 4, and 8 weeks following CCH. Histological study was then employed using 0.1% cresyl violet and luxol fast blue staining to assess neurological damage. RESULTS We found equal levels of neurological damage induced by CCH between ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Hippocampus and striatum damage were slightly increased from 2 to 8 weeks rising to significance at 8 weeks in both areas, while the white matter densities of the corpus callosum, internal capsule, optic tract and striatum fiber did not change. CONCLUSION CCH induced by UCO in ICR mice induces hippocampal and striatal damage at 8 weeks while leaving white matter undamaged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wachiryah Thong-asa
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Lidington D, Kroetsch JT, Bolz SS. Cerebral artery myogenic reactivity: The next frontier in developing effective interventions for subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:17-37. [PMID: 29135346 PMCID: PMC5757446 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17742548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebral event that kills or debilitates the majority of those afflicted. The blood that spills into the subarachnoid space stimulates profound cerebral artery vasoconstriction and consequently, cerebral ischemia. Thus, once the initial bleeding in SAH is appropriately managed, the clinical focus shifts to maintaining/improving cerebral perfusion. However, current therapeutic interventions largely fail to improve clinical outcome, because they do not effectively restore normal cerebral artery function. This review discusses emerging evidence that perturbed cerebrovascular "myogenic reactivity," a crucial microvascular process that potently dictates cerebral perfusion, is the critical element underlying cerebral ischemia in SAH. In fact, the myogenic mechanism could be the reason why many therapeutic interventions, including "Triple H" therapy, fail to deliver benefit to patients. Understanding the molecular basis for myogenic reactivity changes in SAH holds the key to develop more effective therapeutic interventions; indeed, promising recent advancements fuel optimism that vascular dysfunction in SAH can be corrected to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Lidington
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3 Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Percie du Sert N, Alfieri A, Allan SM, Carswell HV, Deuchar GA, Farr TD, Flecknell P, Gallagher L, Gibson CL, Haley MJ, Macleod MR, McColl BW, McCabe C, Morancho A, Moon LD, O'Neill MJ, Pérez de Puig I, Planas A, Ragan CI, Rosell A, Roy LA, Ryder KO, Simats A, Sena ES, Sutherland BA, Tricklebank MD, Trueman RC, Whitfield L, Wong R, Macrae IM. The IMPROVE Guidelines (Ischaemia Models: Procedural Refinements Of in Vivo Experiments). J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3488-3517. [PMID: 28797196 PMCID: PMC5669349 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17709185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as intraoperative and post-operative care. The aim is to provide support for researchers and animal care staff to refine their procedures and practices, and implement small incremental changes to improve the welfare of the animals used and to answer the scientific question under investigation. All recommendations are recapitulated in a summary poster (see supplementary information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Percie du Sert
- 1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| | - Alessio Alfieri
- 2 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hilary Vo Carswell
- 4 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme A Deuchar
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tracy D Farr
- 6 School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lindsay Gallagher
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire L Gibson
- 8 Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael J Haley
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- 9 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- 2 The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Christopher McCabe
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Morancho
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lawrence Df Moon
- 11 Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Isabel Pérez de Puig
- 13 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Planas
- 13 Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Rosell
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa A Roy
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alba Simats
- 10 Neurovascular Research Laboratory. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily S Sena
- 9 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- 16 Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,17 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mark D Tricklebank
- 18 Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Trueman
- 6 School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Raymond Wong
- 3 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- 5 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow/Arum Biosciences, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Takase H, Kurihara Y, Yokoyama TA, Kawahara N, Takei K. LOTUS overexpression accelerates neuronal plasticity after focal brain ischemia in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184258. [PMID: 28880879 PMCID: PMC5589167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) and its ligands inhibit neuronal plasticity and limit functional recovery after brain damage such as ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) antagonizes NgR1-mediated signaling. Here, we investigated whether LOTUS enhances neuronal plasticity and functional recovery after brain focal ischemia in adult mice. Focal ischemic infarcts were induced in wild-type and LOTUS-overexpressing transgenic mice via middle cerebral artery occlusion. Endogenous LOTUS expression was increased in brain and cervical spinal cord of the contralateral side of ischemia in the chronic phase after brain ischemia. LOTUS overexpression accelerated midline-crossing axonal sprouting from the contralateral side to the ipsilateral side of ischemia in the medullar reticular formation and gray matter of denervated cervical spinal cord. Importantly, LOTUS overexpression improved neurological score highly correlated with laterality ratio of corticoreticular fibers of the medulla oblongata, indicating that LOTUS overexpression may overcome the inhibitory environment induced by NgR1 signaling for damaged motor pathway reconstruction after ischemic stroke. Thus, our data suggest that LOTUS overexpression accelerates neuronal plasticity in the brainstem and cervical spinal cord after stroke and LOTUS administration is useful for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kurihara
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taka-akira Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kawahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (NK)
| | - Kohtaro Takei
- Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (NK)
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30
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Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Esposito E, Petrosino S, Cuzzocrea S. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Co-UltraPEALut in a Mouse Model of Vascular Dementia. Front Neurol 2017. [PMID: 28634464 PMCID: PMC5460147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common cause of cognitive impairment in the population, is a disease that results from reduction in regional cerebral blood flow and involves oxidative stress and inflammation. Co-ultramicronized PEALut (co-ultra PEALut) is a new compound with beneficial effects, which include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, co-ultraPEALut has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, its effects on VaD remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to highlight the potential neuroprotective actions of co-ultraPEALut containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and the antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (Lut) (10:1 by mass) in a mouse model of VaD induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion. At 24 h after VaD induction, mice were orally treated with 1 mg/kg co-ultraPEALut daily for 15 days. On the 15th day, brain tissues were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, Western blot, and immunofluorescent analysis. Our results clearly demonstrate that co-ultraPEALut improved learning, memory ability, locomotor activity, and the reciprocal social interaction. In addition, the mice subjected to VaD and treated with the co-ultraPEALut showed a reorganization of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and restored the number of hippocampal neurons as evidenced by NeuN expression, a specific marker of neurons. Furthermore following carotid arteries ligation, mice treated with co-ultraPEALut showed a modification of proinflammatory, proapoptotic proteins and of oxidative stress as evidenced by the expression of IκB-α, NF-κB p65, Bax, Bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. In order, co-ultraPEALut treatment restored VaD-induced loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophins 3 (NT-3) expression in mice. These results confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of co-ultraPEALut were associated with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Epitech Group S.p.A., Saccolongo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, CA, United States
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31
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Tewes S, Gueler F, Chen R, Gutberlet M, Jang MS, Meier M, Mengel M, Hartung D, Wacker F, Rong S, Hueper K. Functional MRI for characterization of renal perfusion impairment and edema formation due to acute kidney injury in different mouse strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173248. [PMID: 28319118 PMCID: PMC5358739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to characterize acute kidney injury (AKI) in C57BL/6 (B6)- and 129/Sv (Sv)-mice by noninvasive measurement of renal perfusion and tissue edema using functional MRI. Methods Different severities of AKI were induced in B6- and Sv-mice by renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Unilateral clamping of the renal pedicle for 35 min (moderate AKI) or 45 min (severe AKI) was done. MRI (7-Tesla) was performed 1, 7 and 28 days after surgery using a flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence. Maps of perfusion and T1-relaxation time were calculated. Relative MRI-parameters of the IRI kidney compared to the contralateral not-clipped kidney were compared between AKI severities and between mouse strains using unpaired t-tests. In addition, fibrosis was assessed by Masson Trichrome and collagen IV staining. Results After moderate AKI relative perfusion impairment was significantly higher in B6- than in Sv-mice at d7 (55±7% vs. 82±8%, p<0.05) and d28 (76±7% vs. 102±3%, p<0.01). T1-values increased in the early phase after AKI in both mouse strains. T1-increase was more severe after prolonged ischemia times of 45 min compared to 35 min in both mouse strains, measured in the renal cortex and outer stripe of outer medulla. Kidney volume loss (compared to the contralateral kidney) occurred already after 7 days but proceeded markedly towards 4 weeks in severe AKI. Early renal perfusion impairment was predictive for later kidney volume loss. The progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the severe AKI model was similar in both mouse strains as revealed by histology. Conclusion Quantification of renal perfusion and tissue edema by functional MRI allows characterization of strain differences upon AKI. Renal perfusion impairment was stronger in B6- compared to Sv-animals following moderate AKI. Prolonged ischemia times were associated with more severe perfusion impairment and edema formation in the early phase and progression to CKD within 4 weeks of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Tewes
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Gutberlet
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mi-Sun Jang
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Mengel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dagmar Hartung
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Wacker
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- The Transplantation Center of the affiliated hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Katja Hueper
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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32
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Fuma S, Nishinaka A, Inoue Y, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Kondo M, Hara H. A pharmacological approach in newly established retinal vein occlusion model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43509. [PMID: 28252108 PMCID: PMC5333144 DOI: 10.1038/srep43509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treatment is poorly understood, partly due to the lack of RVO animal models that mimic clinical pathology. The aims of this study were to establish a suitable RVO model, clarify the pathogenic mechanisms, and evaluate the effects of anti-VEGF antibody in the model. Mouse retinal veins were occluded by laser photocoagulation after rose bengal injection. Reduction of the b/a wave amplitude ratio, retinal nonperfusion, cystoid edema, and hard exudates were observed after occlusion, and expression of RVO-related genes was altered. Administration of anti-VEGF antibody immediately, or 7 days, after occlusion resulted in reduction and increase of the nonperfused area, respectively. We conclude that the present model will be useful for clarification of the pathogenic mechanisms, and that the timing of anti-VEGF antibody administration is important for the successful amelioration of retinal nonperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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33
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Tedeschi A, Omura T, Costigan M. CNS repair and axon regeneration: Using genetic variation to determine mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:409-422. [PMID: 27163547 PMCID: PMC5097896 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of genetic diversity in biological investigation has been recognized since the pioneering studies of Gregor Johann Mendel and Charles Darwin. Research in this area has been greatly informed recently by the publication of genomes from multiple species. Genes regulate and create every part and process in a living organism, react with the environment to create each living form and morph and mutate to determine the history and future of each species. The regenerative capacity of neurons differs profoundly between animal lineages and within the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. Here, we discuss research that suggests that genetic background contributes to the ability of injured axons to regenerate in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), by controlling the regulation of specific signaling cascades. We detail the methods used to identify these pathways, which include among others Activin signaling and other TGF-β superfamily members. We discuss the potential of altering these pathways in patients with CNS damage and outline strategies to promote regeneration and repair by combinatorial manipulation of neuron-intrinsic and extrinsic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tedeschi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Takao Omura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Michael Costigan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center and Anesthesia Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Zhu YQ, Xing H, Dai D, Kallmes DF, Kadirvel R. Differential Interstrain Susceptibility to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia in a Mouse Model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:611-616. [PMID: 27979795 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vetebrobasilar dolichoectasia is characterized by arterial elongation, dilation, and tortuosity and leads to high risks of ischemic stroke. Our aim was to investigate the differential susceptibility to elastase-induced vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction in 2 different mouse strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Elastase (25 mU) was injected into the cisterna magna in C57BL/6J (n = 36) and 129/SvEv (SV129) (n = 36) mice. Control animals were injected with heat-inactivated elastase (n = 12 for each strain). At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after elastase injection, MICROFIL polymer perfusion was performed. The arterial tortuosity index and the percentage increase in diameter were calculated for the basilar artery. Arterial samples were processed for conventional histologic examination, immunostaining, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. A ≥50% increase in diameter and a tortuosity index of ≥10 for the basilar artery were used to indicate success in achieving vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. RESULTS Successful vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction was noted in 67% (18 of 27) of the C57BL/6J strain versus 0% (0 of 19) of the SV129 strain (P < .001). Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia was not observed in sham-operated controls. Both the tortuosity index and diameter increase for the basilar artery were greater in the C57BL/6J strain compared with the SV129 strain (56.3% ± 16.4% versus 21.1% ± 21.6% for diameter, P < .001; 17.4 ± 7.6 versus 10.4 ± 3.8 for tortuosity index, P < .001). Expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 and pro- and active matrix metalloproteinase-9 was increased in elastase-injected C57BL/6J animals compared with elastase-injected SV129 animals (P = .029, 0.029, and 0.029, respectively). Inflammation scores were significantly higher in C57BL/6J animals versus SV129 animals (P < .001). C57BL/6J subjects demonstrated arterial wall dilation and elongation characterized by internal elastic lamina disruption, muscular layer discontinuity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and high matrix metalloproteinase expression in the media. CONCLUSIONS C57BL/6J mice demonstrated greater susceptibility to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia induction than SV129 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q Zhu
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xing
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Pathology (H.X.), Shanghai East Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Dai
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D F Kallmes
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - R Kadirvel
- From the Department of Radiology (Y.-Q.Z., H.X., D.D., D.F.K., R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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35
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D'Abbondanza JA, Ai J, Lass E, Wan H, Brathwaite S, Tso MK, Lee C, Marsden PA, Macdonald RL. Robust effects of genetic background on responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1942-1954. [PMID: 26661216 PMCID: PMC5094306 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15612489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Outcome varies among patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage but known prognostic factors explain only a small portion of the variation in outcome. We hypothesized that individual genetic variations influence brain and vascular responses to subarachnoid hemorrhage and investigated this using inbred strains of mice.Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in seven inbred and a chromosome 7 substitution strain of mouse. Cerebral blood flow, vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery, and brain injury were assessed. After 48 h of subarachnoid hemorrhage, mice showed significant middle cerebral artery vasospasm that correlated positively with reduction in cerebral blood flow at 45 min. Mice also had increased neuronal injury compared to sham controls; A/J and C57BL/6 J strains represented the most and least severe, respectively. However, brain injury did not correlate with cerebral blood flow reduction at 45 min or with vasospasm at 48 h. Chromosome 7 substitution did not influence the degree of vasospasm or brain injury.Our data suggested that mouse genetic background influences outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Investigations into the genetic factors causing these inter-strain differences may provide insight into the etiology of the brain damage following subarachnoid hemorrhage. These findings also have implications for animal modeling of disease and suggest that genetic differences may also modulate outcome in other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A D'Abbondanza
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elliot Lass
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoyee Wan
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shakira Brathwaite
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K Tso
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip A Marsden
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Loch Macdonald
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Labatt Family Centre of Excellence in Brain Injury and Trauma Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Becker KJ. Strain-Related Differences in the Immune Response: Relevance to Human Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:303-12. [PMID: 26860504 PMCID: PMC4929040 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are significant differences in the immune response and in the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases among rodent strains. It would thus be expected that the contribution of the immune response to cerebral ischemic injury would also differ among rodent strains. More importantly, there are significant differences between the immune responses of rodents and humans. All of these factors are likely to impact the successful translation of immunomodulatory therapies from experimental rodent models to patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra J Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Ave, Box 359775, Seattle, WA, 98104-2499, USA.
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37
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Spray S, Edvinsson L. Improved assessment of outcomes following transient global cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1925-1934. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Quaegebeur A, Segura I, Schmieder R, Verdegem D, Decimo I, Bifari F, Dresselaers T, Eelen G, Ghosh D, Davidson SM, Schoors S, Broekaert D, Cruys B, Govaerts K, De Legher C, Bouché A, Schoonjans L, Ramer MS, Hung G, Bossaert G, Cleveland DW, Himmelreich U, Voets T, Lemmens R, Bennett CF, Robberecht W, De Bock K, Dewerchin M, Ghesquière B, Fendt SM, Carmeliet P. Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism. Cell Metab 2016; 23:280-91. [PMID: 26774962 PMCID: PMC4880550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) regulate cellular metabolism, but their role in neuronal metabolism during stroke is unknown. Here we report that PHD1 deficiency provides neuroprotection in a murine model of permanent brain ischemia. This was not due to an increased collateral vessel network. Instead, PHD1(-/-) neurons were protected against oxygen-nutrient deprivation by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Indeed, PHD1(-/-) neurons enhanced glucose flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway by diverting glucose away from glycolysis. As a result, PHD1(-/-) neurons increased their redox buffering capacity to scavenge oxygen radicals in ischemia. Intracerebroventricular injection of PHD1-antisense oligonucleotides reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits following stroke. These data identify PHD1 as a regulator of neuronal metabolism and a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Quaegebeur
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inmaculada Segura
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Schmieder
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Verdegem
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Debapriva Ghosh
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP channel research platform Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Schoors
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Broekaert
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Cruys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Govaerts
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla De Legher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Bouché
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matt S Ramer
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gene Hung
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Goele Bossaert
- Leuven Statistics Research Centre (LStat), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP channel research platform Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurology (Department of Neurosciences) and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Robberecht
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurology (Department of Neurosciences) and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wang J, Wu C, Peng J, Patel N, Huang Y, Gao X, Aljarallah S, Eubanks JH, McDonald R, Zhang L. Early-Onset Convulsive Seizures Induced by Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Aging Mice: Effects of Anticonvulsive Treatments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144113. [PMID: 26630670 PMCID: PMC4668036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased risk of seizures/epilepsy. Stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and cardiac arrest related brain injury are two major causative factors for seizure development in this patient population. With either etiology, seizures are a poor prognostic factor. In spite of this, the underlying pathophysiology of seizure development is not well understood. In addition, a standardized treatment regimen with anticonvulsants and outcome assessments following treatment has yet to be established for these post-ischemic seizures. Previous studies have modeled post-ischemic seizures in adult rodents, but similar studies in aging/aged animals, a group that mirrors a higher risk elderly population, remain sparse. Our study therefore aimed to investigate early-onset seizures in aging animals using a hypoxia-ischemia (HI) model. Male C57 black mice 18-20-month-old underwent a unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery followed by a systemic hypoxic episode (8% O2 for 30 min). Early-onset seizures were detected using combined behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Brain injury was assessed histologically at different times post HI. Convulsive seizures were observed in 65% of aging mice post-HI but not in control aging mice following either sham surgery or hypoxia alone. These seizures typically occurred within hours of HI and behaviorally consisted of jumping, fast running, barrel-rolling, and/or falling (loss of the righting reflex) with limb spasms. No evident discharges during any convulsive seizures were seen on cortical-hippocampal EEG recordings. Seizure development was closely associated with acute mortality and severe brain injury on brain histological analysis. Intra-peritoneal injections of lorazepam and fosphenytoin suppressed seizures and improved survival but only when applied prior to seizure onset and not after. These findings together suggest that seizures are a major contributing factor to acute mortality in aging mice following severe brain ischemia and that early anticonvulsive treatment may prevent seizure genesis and improve overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Wang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiping Wu
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Peng
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nisarg Patel
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yayi Huang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoxing Gao
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salman Aljarallah
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James H. Eubanks
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Shih AM, Varghese L, Bittar A, Park SH, Chung JM, Shin OH. Dysregulation of Norepinephrine Release in the Absence of Functional Synaptotagmin 7. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1446-53. [PMID: 27043247 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) is expressed in cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals where norepinephrine (NE) is released in both Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis and Ca(2+)-independent norepinephrine transporter (NET)-mediated overflow. The role of Syt7 in the regulation of NE release from cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals is tested by employing a Syt7 knock-in mouse line that expresses a non-functional mutant form of Syt7. In cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals prepared from these Syt7 knock-in mice, the Ca(2+)-dependent component of NE release was diminished. However, these terminals displayed upregulated function of NET (∼130% of controls) and a significant increase in Ca(2+)-independent NE overflow (∼140% of controls), which is greater than the Ca(2+)-dependent component of NE exocytosis occurring in wild-type controls. Consistent with a significant increase in NE overflow, the Syt7 knock-in mice showed significantly higher blood pressures compared to those of littermate wild-type and heterozygous mice. Our results indicate that the lack of functional Syt7 dysregulates NE release from cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin M Shih
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Lincy Varghese
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Alice Bittar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Jin Mo Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Ok-Ho Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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Rolova T, Dhungana H, Korhonen P, Valonen P, Kolosowska N, Konttinen H, Kanninen K, Tanila H, Malm T, Koistinaho J. Deletion of Nuclear Factor kappa B p50 Subunit Decreases Inflammatory Response and Mildly Protects Neurons from Transient Forebrain Ischemia-induced Damage. Aging Dis 2015; 7:450-65. [PMID: 27493832 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient forebrain ischemia induces delayed death of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons, particularly in the CA2 and medial CA1 area. Early pharmacological inhibition of inflammatory response can ameliorate neuronal death, but it also inhibits processes leading to tissue regeneration. Therefore, research efforts are now directed to modulation of post-ischemic inflammation, with the aim to promote beneficial effects of inflammation and limit adverse effects. Transcription factor NF-κB plays a key role in the inflammation and cell survival/apoptosis pathways. In the brain, NF-κB is predominantly found in the form of a heterodimer of p65 (RelA) and p50 subunit, where p65 has a transactivation domain while p50 is chiefly involved in DNA binding. In this study, we subjected middle-aged Nfkb1 knockout mice (lacking p50 subunit) and wild-type controls of both sexs to 17 min of transient forebrain ischemia and assessed mouse performance in a panel of behavioral tests after two weeks of post-operative recovery. We found that ischemia failed to induce clear memory and motor deficits, but affected spontaneous locomotion in genotype- and sex-specific way. We also show that both the lack of the NF-κB p50 subunit and female sex independently protected CA2 hippocampal neurons from ischemia-induced cell death. Additionally, the NF-κB p50 subunit deficiency significantly reduced ischemia-induced microgliosis, astrogliosis, and neurogenesis. Lower levels of hippocampal microgliosis significantly correlated with faster spatial learning. We conclude that NF-κB regulates the outcome of transient forebrain ischemia in middle-aged subjects in a sex-specific way, having an impact not only on neuronal death but also specific inflammatory responses and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Rolova
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Piia Valonen
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Natalia Kolosowska
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Henna Konttinen
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Katja Kanninen
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland; 2Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- 1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland
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42
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Du R, Zhou J, Lorenzano S, Liu W, Charoenvimolphan N, Qian B, Xu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang X, Berndt A, Devan WJ, Valant VJ, Wang J, Furie KL, Rosand J, Rost N, Friedlander RM, Paigen B, Weiss ST. Integrative Mouse and Human Studies Implicate ANGPT1 and ZBTB7C as Susceptibility Genes to Ischemic Injury. Stroke 2015; 46:3514-22. [PMID: 26542693 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The extent of ischemic injury in response to cerebral ischemia is known to be affected by native vasculature. However, the nonvascular and dynamic vascular responses and their genetic basis are not well understood. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study in 235 mice from 33 inbred strains using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Population structure and genetic relatedness were accounted for using the efficient mixed-model association method. Human orthologs to the genes associated with the significant and suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the mouse strain survey were examined in patients with M1 occlusions admitted with signs and symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS We identified 4 genome-wide significant and suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms to be associated with infarct volume in mice (rs3694965, P=2.17×10(-7); rs31924033, P=5.61×10(-6); rs32249495, P=2.08×10(-7); and rs3677406, P=9.56×10(-6)). rs32249495, which corresponds to angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), was also significant in the recessive model in humans, whereas rs1944577, which corresponds to ZBTB7C, was nominally significant in both the additive and dominant genetic models in humans. ZBTB7C was shown to be upregulated in endothelial cells using both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of ANGPT1 and ZBTB7C are associated with increased infarct size in both mice and humans. ZBTB7C may modulate the ischemic response via neuronal apoptosis and dynamic collateralization and, in addition to ANGPT1, may serve as potential novel targets for treatments of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Du
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.).
| | - Jing Zhou
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Wenming Liu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Nareerat Charoenvimolphan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Baogang Qian
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jun Xu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jian Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Xin Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Annerose Berndt
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - William J Devan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Valerie J Valant
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jinyi Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Karen L Furie
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Natalia Rost
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Beverly Paigen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
| | - Scott T Weiss
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (R.D., J.Z., W.L., N.C., B.Q., J.X., J.W., X.Z., X.W.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.D., S.T.W.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.L., W.J.D., V.J.V., J.R., N.R.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.L.); Department of Chemical Biology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China (W.L., J.W.); Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.X.); The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (A.B., B.P.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (R.M.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine, Hamden, CT (W.J.D.); University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (V.J.V.); and Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.)
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Rocha-Ferreira E, Phillips E, Francesch-Domenech E, Thei L, Peebles DM, Raivich G, Hristova M. The role of different strain backgrounds in bacterial endotoxin-mediated sensitization to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neuroscience 2015; 311:292-307. [PMID: 26515746 PMCID: PMC4675086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Strain background plays a role in the response to hypoxia–ischemia. LPS sensitizes the immature brain to hypoxia–ischemia across several mouse strains. Vehicle injection may induce immune response and sensitization to hypoxia–ischemia.
Genetic background is known to influence the outcome in mouse models of human disease, and previous experimental studies have shown strain variability in the neonatal mouse model of hypoxia–ischemia. To further map out this variability, we compared five commonly used mouse strains: C57BL/6, 129SVJ, BALB/c, CD1 and FVB in a pure hypoxic–ischemic setup and following pre-sensitization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Postnatal day 7 pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by continuous 30 min 8% oxygen exposure at 36 °C. Twelve hours prior, a third of the pups received a single intraperitoneal LPS (0.6 μg/g) or a saline (vehicle) administration, respectively; a further third underwent hypoxia–ischemia alone without preceding injection. Both C57BL/6 and 129SVJ strains showed minimal response to 30 min hypoxia–ischemia alone, BALB/c demonstrated a moderate response, and both CD1 and FVB revealed the highest brain damage. LPS pre-sensitization led to substantial increase in overall brain infarction, microglial and astrocyte response and cell death in four of the five strains, with exception of BALB/c that only showed a significant effect with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Saline administration prior to hypoxia–ischemia resulted in an increase in inflammatory-associated markers, particularly in the astroglial activation of C57BL/6 mice, and in combined microglial activation and neuronal cell loss in FVB mice. Finally, two of the four strongly affected strains – C57BL/6 and CD1 – revealed pronounced contralateral astrogliosis with a neuroanatomical localization similar to that observed on the occluded hemisphere. Overall, the current findings demonstrate strain differences in response to hypoxia–ischemia alone, to stress associated with vehicle injection, and to LPS-mediated pre-sensitization, which partially explains the high variability seen in the neonatal mouse models of hypoxia–ischemia. These results can be useful in future studies of fetal/neonatal response to inflammation and reduced oxygen–blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rocha-Ferreira
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK.
| | - E Phillips
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - E Francesch-Domenech
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - L Thei
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - D M Peebles
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - G Raivich
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - M Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX London, UK
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The Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Recovery after Acquired Brain Injury in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:830871. [PMID: 26509085 PMCID: PMC4609870 DOI: 10.1155/2015/830871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to review the current status of exercise as a tool to promote cognitive rehabilitation after acquired brain injury (ABI) in animal model-based research. Searches were conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and psycINFO databases in February 2014. Search strings used were: exercise (and) animal model (or) rodent (or) rat (and) traumatic brain injury (or) cerebral ischemia (or) brain irradiation. Studies were selected if they were (1) in English, (2) used adult animals subjected to acquired brain injury, (3) used exercise as an intervention tool after inflicted injury, (4) used exercise paradigms demanding movement of all extremities, (5) had exercise intervention effects that could be distinguished from other potential intervention effects, and (6) contained at least one measure of cognitive and/or emotional function. Out of 2308 hits, 22 publications fulfilled the criteria. The studies were examined relative to cognitive effects associated with three themes: exercise type (forced or voluntary), timing of exercise (early or late), and dose-related factors (intensity, duration, etc.). The studies indicate that exercise in many cases can promote cognitive recovery after brain injury. However, the optimal parameters to ensure cognitive rehabilitation efficacy still elude us, due to considerable methodological variations between studies.
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Ichijo M, Ishibashi S, Li F, Yui D, Miki K, Mizusawa H, Yokota T. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Selective Agonist Enhances Collateral Growth and Protects against Subsequent Stroke. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138029. [PMID: 26367258 PMCID: PMC4569572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Collateral growth after acute occlusion of an intracranial artery is triggered by increasing shear stress in preexisting collateral pathways. Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) on endothelial cells was reported to be essential in sensing fluid shear stress. Here, we evaluated the expression of S1PR1 in the hypoperfused mouse brain and investigated the effect of a selective S1PR1 agonist on leptomeningeal collateral growth and subsequent ischemic damage after focal ischemia. Methods In C57Bl/6 mice (n = 133) subjected to unilateral common carotid occlusion (CCAO) and sham surgery. The first series examined the time course of collateral growth, cell proliferation, and S1PR1 expression in the leptomeningeal arteries after CCAO. The second series examined the relationship between pharmacological regulation of S1PR1 and collateral growth of leptomeningeal anastomoses. Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: LtCCAO and daily intraperitoneal (ip) injection for 7 days of an S1PR1 selective agonist (SEW2871, 5 mg/kg/day); sham surgery and daily ip injection for 7 days of SEW2871 after surgery; LtCCAO and daily ip injection for 7 days of SEW2871 and an S1PR1 inverse agonist (VPC23019, 0.5 mg/kg); LtCCAO and daily ip injection of DMSO for 7 days after surgery; and sham surgery and daily ip injection of DMSO for 7 days. Leptomeningeal anastomoses were visualized 14 days after LtCCAO by latex perfusion method, and a set of animals underwent subsequent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) 7days after the treatment termination. Neurological functions 1hour, 1, 4, and 7days and infarction volume 7days after pMCAO were evaluated. Results In parallel with the increase in S1PR1 mRNA levels, S1PR1 expression colocalized with endothelial cell markers in the leptomeningeal arteries, increased markedly on the side of the CCAO, and peaked 7 days after CCAO. Mitotic cell numbers in the leptomeningeal arteries increased after CCAO. Administration of the S1PR1 selective agonist significantly increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the diameter of leptomeningeal collateral vessels (42.9 ± 2.6 μm) compared with the controls (27.6 ± 5.7 μm; P < 0.01). S1PR1 inverse agonist administration diminished the effect of the S1PR1 agonist (P < 0.001). After pMCAO, S1PR1 agonist pretreated animals showed significantly smaller infarct volume (17.5% ± 4.0% vs. 7.7% ± 4.0%, P < 0.01) and better functional recovery than vehicle-treated controls. Conclusions These results suggest that S1PR1 is one of the principal regulators of leptomeningeal collateral recruitment at the site of increased shear stress and provide evidence that an S1PR1 selective agonist has a role in promoting collateral growth and preventing of ischemic damage and neurological dysfunction after subsequent stroke in patients with intracranial major artery stenosis or occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ichijo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishibashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fuying Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Yui
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miki
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- The Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu C, Wang J, Peng J, Patel N, Huang Y, Gao X, Aljarallah S, Eubanks JH, McDonald R, Zhang L. Modeling early-onset post-ischemic seizures in aging mice. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:1-12. [PMID: 25943585 PMCID: PMC4758832 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of seizures and epilepsy in the aged population, with post-stroke seizures being a poor prognostic factor. The pathological processes underlying post-stroke seizures are not well understood and studies of these seizures in aging/aged animals remain scarce. Therefore, our primary objective was to model post-stroke seizures in aging mice (C57 black strain, 16-20 months-old), with a focus on early-onset, convulsive seizures that occur within 24-hours of brain ischemia. We utilized a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and examined seizure activity and brain injury using combined behavioral and electroencephalographic monitoring and histological assessments. Aging mice exhibited vigorous convulsive seizures within hours of the middle cerebral artery occlusion. These seizures manifested with jumping, rapid running, barrel-rolling and/or falling all in the absence of hippocampal-cortical electrographic discharges. Seizure development was closely associated with severe brain injury and acute mortality. Anticonvulsive treatments after seizure occurrence offered temporary seizure control but failed to improve animal survival. A separate cohort of adult mice (6-8 months-old) exhibited analogous early-onset convulsive seizures following the middle cerebral artery occlusion but had better survival outcomes following anticonvulsive treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that early-onset convulsive seizures are a result of severe brain ischemia in aging animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiping Wu
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Justin Wang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Jessie Peng
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Nisarg Patel
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Yayi Huang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Xiaoxing Gao
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Salman Aljarallah
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James H Eubanks
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Canada.
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Mitochondrial CB1 receptor is involved in ACEA-induced protective effects on neurons and mitochondrial functions. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26215450 PMCID: PMC4516969 DOI: 10.1038/srep12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cell death after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in neuronal mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1R) and involved in regulating mitochondrial functions under physiological conditions. However, whether mtCB1R affords neuroprotection against I/R injury remains unknown. We used mouse models of cerebral I/R, primary cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and Ca(2+)-induced injury in purified neuronal mitochondria to investigate the role of mtCB1R in neuroprotection. Our results showed selective cell-permeant CB1 receptor agonist, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), significantly up-regulated the expression of mtCB1R protein in hippocampal neurons and tissue. In vitro, ACEA restored cell viability, inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reduced apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function. In vivo, ACEA ameliorated neurological scores, diminished the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3. However, ACEA-induced benefits were blocked by the selective cell-permeant CB1 receptor antagonist AM251, but just partially by the selective cell-impermeant CB1 receptor antagonist hemopressin. In purified neuronal mitochondria, mtCB1R activation attenuated Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial injury. In conclusion, mtCB1R is involved in ACEA-induced protective effects on neurons and mitochondrial functions, suggesting mtCB1R may be a potential novel target for the treatment of brain ischemic injury.
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Nishijima Y, Niizuma K, Fujimura M, Akamatsu Y, Shimizu H, Tominaga T. Consistent delayed unilateral neuronal death after modified transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice that mimics neuronal injury after transient global cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:243-53. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.jns14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the pathophysiology of ischemic neuronal injury using a representative transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) model in rodents; however, most of them have used gerbil or rat models. Recent advances in transgene and gene-knockout technology have enabled the precise molecular mechanisms of ischemic brain injury to be investigated. Because the predominant species for the study of genetic mutations is the mouse, a representative mouse model of tGCI is of particular importance. However, simple mouse models of tGCI are less reproducible; therefore, a more complex process or longer duration of ischemia, which causes a high mortality rate, has been used in previous tGCI models in mice. In this study, the authors aimed to overcome these problems and attempted to produce consistent unilateral delayed hippocampal CA1 neuronal death in mice.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to short-term unilateral cerebral ischemia using a 4-mm silicone-coated intraluminal suture to obstruct the origin of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the PCA territory was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. The mice were randomly assigned to groups of different ischemic durations and histologically evaluated at different time points after ischemia. The survival rate and neurological score of the group that experienced 15 minutes of ischemia were also evaluated.
RESULTS
Consistent neuronal death was observed in the medial CA1 subregion 4 days after 15 minutes of ischemia in the group of mice with a reduction in rCBF of < 65% in the PCA territory during ischemia. Morphologically degenerated cells were mostly positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling and cleaved caspase 3 staining 4 days after ischemia. The survival rates of the mice 24 hours (n = 24), 4 days (n = 15), and 7 days (n = 7) after being subjected to 15 minutes of ischemia were 95.8%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and the mice had slight motor deficits.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors established a model of delayed unilateral hippocampal neuronal death in C57BL/6 mice by inducing ischemia in the PCA territory using an intraluminal suture method and established inclusion criteria for PCAterritory rCBF monitored by laser speckle flowmetry. This model may be useful for investigating the precise molecular mechanisms of ischemic brain injury.
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Xu Q, Ji XF, Chi TY, Liu P, Jin G, Gu SL, Zou LB. Sigma 1 receptor activation regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor through NR2A-CaMKIV-TORC1 pathway to rescue the impairment of learning and memory induced by brain ischaemia/reperfusion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1779-91. [PMID: 25420607 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) agonists showed anti-amnesic properties in Alzheimer's disease models and anti-inflammatory properties in cerebrum ischaemia models. The agonist of Sig-1R was reported to up-regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus of mice. Here, we investigate whether the activation of Sig-1R attenuates the learning and memory impairment induced by ischaemia/reperfusion and how it affects the expression of BDNF. OBJECTIVES Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) was induced for 20 min in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sig-1R agonist, PRE084, sigma 1/2 non-selective agonist, DTG, Sig-1R antagonist and BD1047 were injected once daily throughout the experiment. Behavioural tests were performed from day 8. On day 22 after BCCAO, mice were sacrificed for biochemical analysis. RESULTS PRE084 and DTG ameliorated learning and memory impairments in the Y maze, novel object recognition, and water maze tasks and prevented the decline of synaptic proteins and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of BCCAO mice. Furthermore, PRE084 and DTG up-regulated the level of NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) and CREB-specific co-activator transducer of regulated CREB activity 1 (TORC1). Additionally, the effects of PRE084 and DTG were antagonised by the co-administration of BD1047. CONCLUSIONS Sig-1R activation showed an attenuation in the ischaemia/reperfusion model and the activation of Sig-1R increased the expression of BDNF, possibly through the NR2A-CaMKIV-TORC1 pathway, and Sig-1R agonists might function as neuroprotectant agents in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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Comparison of silicone and polyurethane catheters for the catheterization of small vessels in mice. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 43:397-403. [PMID: 25333592 DOI: 10.1038/laban.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular catheterization is increasingly carried out in laboratory mice, but the long-term patency of catheters implanted in mice is limited owing to their small size. The authors compared mice that were catheterized in their right common carotid artery either with a silicone catheter with a polyurethane tip or with a 100% polyurethane catheter to determine which catheter type was better suited for long-term studies in mice. The catheters were inspected daily and were flushed if blood was visible in the catheters; if no blood was visible, they were flushed every 3 d. Silicone catheters were patent for a shorter period of time than polyurethane catheters, which were patent for a median of 6 d and up to 25 d. The authors identify the principal causes of catheter failure and discuss how they can be prevented.
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