1
|
Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kong X, Cai Z, Wang Y. Increasing Nitrogen Losses Due to Changing Food Consumption Patterns in Bayannur City, China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040752. [PMID: 36832827 PMCID: PMC9955498 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing urbanization and affluence have led to changes in food consumption patterns. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers ensures food security but also leads to environmental pollution due to N losses, through processes such as acidification, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. To clarify whether changes in food consumption patterns could increase N losses and to explore sustainable food system pathways, this study integrated the Chinese Food System Dashboard and the Nutrient Flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use model to quantify and compare the link between food consumption and N losses in different agricultural regions using a case study of Bayannur City in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2016. During the study period, Bayannur's food consumption pattern changed from a "high carbohydrate and pork pattern" to a "high fiber and herbivore pattern", which represents a shift from low to high N consumption. The per-capita food consumption decreased by 11.55% from 425.41 kg cap-1, whereas the per-capita N losses increased by 12.42% from 35.60 kg N cap-1. The average share of the plant-oriented and animal-oriented food supply in these losses was 53.39% and 46.61%, respectively. There were differences in the food consumption patterns and N losses in Bayannur's farming, farming-pastoral, and pastoral regions. The changes in N losses were most significant in the pastoral region. The N losses to the environment increased sharply by 112.33% from 22.75 g N cap-1 over the past 16 years. The low level of economic development in Bayannur resulted in a shift in the food consumption pattern to a high N consumption. Four measures to protect food security and reduce the food N cost were proposed: (1) increasing the wheat planting area and maintaining the existing corn one; (2) expanding the scale of high-quality alfalfa planting; (3) enhancing the area of oat grass and wheat replanting; and (4) using modern planting technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Liang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyue Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinggong Kong
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caldiroli L, Molinari P, Abinti M, Rusconi C, Castellano G, Vettoretti S. Can Mediterranean Diet Have a Positive Impact on Kidney Health? A Pending Answer to a Long-Time Question. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204366. [PMID: 36297050 PMCID: PMC9608621 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary studies conducted in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were focused on the quantities of single nutrients, however it is possible that the excessive attention put on the restriction of proteins, sodium, potassium and phosphorus may compromise the overall quality of the diet in terms of micronutrients and palatability. Instead, concentrating on the nutritional quality healthy dietary patterns, may provide a better approach to improve nutritional prescriptions in CKD patients. All these dietary regimens share common features as reduced content of red meat, salt and saturated fatty acids, and higher fiber content, but may differ in terms of single nutrients consumption. In particular, Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) has been associated with reduced incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity, all conditions that are also strictly related to CKD. Given its low content of animal proteins and high contents of fiber it is possible that Med Diet may exert also positive effects on CKD as well as on its metabolic complications. In this review we summarize the role of Med Diet in primary prevention of CKD and on its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Caldiroli
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Molinari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Abinti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rusconi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Vettoretti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-55-03-45-52; Fax: +39-02-55-03-45-50
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gandrakota N, Patel VB, Moore M, Benameur K, Shah MK. Trends in Diet Counseling Among Stroke Versus Non-Stroke Patients: Evidence from the NAMCS, 2011-2016. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106223. [PMID: 34844125 PMCID: PMC8792666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary modifications in post-stroke patients facilitated by diet counseling improves post-stroke recovery and stroke recurrence. The extent to which clinicians provide dietary counseling for these patients is unknown. METHODS 2011 to 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NAMCS) data were used to assess trends in post-stroke diet consultations by age. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the likelihood of dietary counseling provision among patients with and without stroke. RESULTS The proportion of patients with stroke aged 60-79 who received diet counseling decreased from 18.2% in 2011 to 5.3%, 11.9%, 8.7%, 13.4%, and 15.2% in 2012-2016, respectively. Among patients without stroke aged 60-79, diet counseling rate decreased from 12.9% in 2011 to 7%, 9.5%, 10.5%, 13.5%, and 12% in 2012-2016, respectively. Similar trends were observed among patients with and without stroke aged over 80. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients with and without stroke receiving dietary counseling has remained low over the past half-decade. It is likely multifactorial- related to clinician knowledge, patients' receptiveness, and system-level factors of time and reimbursement. Future interventions should explore methods to address barriers to nutrition recommendations for post-stroke patients and patient activation to adopt dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhila Gandrakota
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, PGY-1, Family Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Miranda Moore
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karima Benameur
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megha K Shah
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwon YJ, Hyun DS, Koh SB, Lee JW. Differential relationship between dietary fat and cholesterol on total mortality in Korean population cohorts. J Intern Med 2021; 290:866-877. [PMID: 34114281 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations among dietary fat, cholesterol intake and total mortality remain controversial, and most available data cover Western populations. The aim of this study was to assess associations for dietary fat and cholesterol in relation to total mortality in Koreans. METHODS This study used data from three prospective Korean Genome and Epidemiology studies (conducted between June 2001 and December 2013). A total of 194,295 middle-aged and older Korean adults were included. Dietary fat intake was classified into quintiles. Dietary cholesterol intake was categorized into three groups based on cholesterol intake as follows: <200 mg, 200-299 mg and ≥300 mg. A multivariable Cox frailty model with random effects was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS We documented 3866 deaths across a mean (min-max) follow-up period of 8.15 years (3-13 years). Higher fat intake was associated with lower total mortality (Q5 vs. Q1, HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69, 0.98]; p trend < 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, exercise and total calorie and protein (%) intake. Higher dietary cholesterol intake (≥300 mg/day) was associated with a higher risk of total mortality (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.04, 1.37]) than lower cholesterol intake (<200 mg/day) in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS In Koreans, high dietary fat intake is associated with a lower risk of total mortality, while dietary cholesterol intake above 300 mg/day is associated with a higher risk of total mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Dae Sung Hyun
- Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waqas M, Iqbal SZ, Abdull Razis AF, Pervaiz W, Ahmad T, Usman S, Ali NB, Asi MR. Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Edible Vegetable Seeds and Oil Samples Available in Pakistani Retail Markets and Estimation of Dietary Intake in Consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158015. [PMID: 34360308 PMCID: PMC8345775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites toxic to humans as well as animals. The environmental conditions, conventional agricultural practices, and illiteracy are the main factors which favor the production of AFs in food and feed. In the current study 744 samples of vegetable seeds and oils (soybean, sunflower, canola, olive, corn, and mustard) were collected and tested for the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and total AFs. Liquid-liquid extraction was employed for the extraction of AFs from seeds and oil samples. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detection was used for the analysis. The results have shown that 92 (56.7%) samples of imported and 108 (57.0%) samples of local edible seeds were observed to be contaminated with AFs. All samples of edible seeds have AFB1 levels greater than the proposed limit set by the European Union (EU, 2 µg/kg) and 12 (7.40%) samples of imported seeds and 14 (7.40%) samples of local seeds were found in the range ≥ 50 µg/kg. About 78 (43.3%) samples of imported edible oil and 103 (48.3%) sample of local edible oil were observed to be positive for AFs. Furthermore, 16 (8.88%) and six (3.33%) samples of imported vegetable oil have levels of total AFs in a range (21–50 µg/kg) and greater than 50 µg/kg, respectively. The findings indicate significant differences in AFs levels between imported and local vegetable oil samples (t = 22.27 and p = 0.009) at α = 0.05 and a significant difference in AFs levels were found between vegetable seeds and oil samples (t = −17.75, p = 0.009) at α = 0.05. The highest dietary intake was found for a local sunflower oil sample (0.90 µg/kg/day) in female individuals (16–22 age group). The results have shown considerably high levels of AFB1 and total AFs in seeds and oil samples and emphasise the need to monitor carefully the levels of these toxic substances in food and feed on regular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.W.); (W.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Shahzad Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.W.); (W.P.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.I.); (A.F.A.R.)
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.I.); (A.F.A.R.)
| | - Wajeeha Pervaiz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.W.); (W.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Touheed Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.W.); (W.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Sunusi Usman
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nada Basheir Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye YB, He KY, Li WL, Zhuo SY, Chen YM, Lu W, Wu SL, Liu J, Li YB, Zeng FF. Effects of daidzein and genistein on markers of cardiovascular disease risk among women with impaired glucose regulation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 12:7997-8006. [PMID: 34263280 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE soy protein and soy isoflavones have been suggested to be associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., lipid profiles and uric acid (UA)), but few studies have been conducted among women with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of isolated daidzein and genistein on lipid profiles, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and uric acid (UA) among Chinese women with IGR. METHODS AND RESULTS this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 165 Chinese women aged 30-70 years with IGR. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: 0 mg of daidzein and genistein with 10 g soy protein (placebo group), 50 mg of daidzein with 10 g soy protein (daidzein group), or 50 mg of genistein with 10 g soy protein (genistein group) supplementation for 24 weeks. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), lipoprotein a (LP (a)), hs-CRP, and UA were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks after intervention. The results showed no significant differences in the changes (%) of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, LP (a), hs-CRP, and UA between the three treatment groups at weeks 12 or 24 (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION neither isolated daidzein nor genistein had a significant effect on cardiovascular health in Chinese women with IGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Cao D, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Guo J, Dong Q, Liu L, Wei Q. Red and processed meat consumption and cancer outcomes: Umbrella review. Food Chem 2021; 356:129697. [PMID: 33838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this umbrella review was to evaluate the quality of evidence, validity and biases of the associations between red and processed meat consumption and multiple cancer outcomes according to existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The umbrella review identified 72 meta-analyses with 20 unique outcomes for red meat and 19 unique outcomes for processed meat. Red meat consumption was associated with increased risk of overall cancer mortality, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), bladder, breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, gastric, lung and nasopharyngeal cancer. Processed meat consumption might increase the risk of overall cancer mortality, NHL, bladder, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, nasopharyngeal, oral cavity and oropharynx and prostate cancer. Dose-response analyses revealed that 100 g/d increment of red meat and 50 g/d increment of processed meat consumption were associated with 11%-51% and 8%-72% higher risk of multiple cancer outcomes, respectively, and seemed to be not correlated with any benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of Combined Exercise and Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Interventions on Waist Circumference and Triglycerides in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020828. [PMID: 33478022 PMCID: PMC7835865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of combined exercise and low carbohydrate ketogenic diet interventions (CELCKD) for overweight and obese individuals. (2) Methods: Relevant studies were searched by using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to October 2020. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were reporting effects of the CELCKD for overweight and obese individuals from randomized controlled trials. Studies that did not match the inclusion criteria were excluded. The methods for CELCKD and outcomes of selected studies were extracted. The effect sizes for interventions that included cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were calculated by using the standardized mean difference statistic. (3) Results: A total of seven studies and 278 overweight and obese individuals were included. The average intervention of selected studies consisted of moderate to vigorous intensity, 4 times per week for 9.2 weeks. Participating in CELCKD interventions was decreased triglycerides (d = −0.34, CI; −0.68–−0.01, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (d = −0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]; −1.28–−1.20, p = 0.01), while cardiovascular fitness, body composition, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were not statistically different after the interventions. No adverse side effects were reported. (4) Conclusions: Participation in interventions by overweight and obese individuals had beneficial effects including decreased waist circumference and triglycerides. Longer term intervention studies with homogenous control groups may be needed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kavak C, Baştürk A. Antioxidant activity, volatile compounds and fatty acid compositions of Cephalaria syriaca seeds obtained from different regions in Turkey. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0913192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Crude oil yield, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds, antioxidant activity and some characteristics of Cephalaria syriaca seeds collected from different locations in Turkey were studied. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DDPH and ABTS tests and the results were in the range of 18.8-67.3% and 0.0-41.8 mmol Trolox eq g-1 DW, respectively; while total phenolic contents were between 4339-11907 mg GAE kg-1. The average α-tocopherol content was found to be in the range of 54-467 mg kg-1. Oil yield was between 11.2-24.0%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids. A total of 30 different volatile compounds were identified in the samples, mostly consisting of alcohols and aldehydes. The results of this study showed that Cephalaria syriaca seeds can be considered as alternative raw material in the production of edible oil, and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants and food additives.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fantus RJ, Halpern JA, Chang C, Keeter MK, Brannigan RE, Helfand BT, Bennett NE. The association of popular diets and erectile function among men in the United States. Int J Impot Res 2020; 33:548-555. [PMID: 32488209 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To determine the relationship between popular diets and erectile function we queried the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional dataset, between 2001 and 2004. All men aged 18-85 who answered the prostate and dietary questionnaires were included. Diets were categorized as Mediterranean, low-fat, low-carbohydrate, or nonrestrictive. Multivariable models were created to determine the relationship between erectile function and each diet. Among 4027 men, 649 (16.1%) met criteria for a low-fat diet, 1085 (26.9%) for a Mediterranean diet, and 0 (0%) for a low-carbohydrate diet. 1999 men (49.6%) had some degree of erectile dysfunction. Men with nonrestrictive diets were more likely to endorse normal erectile function compared with those adhering to the Mediterranean or low-fat diets (both p < 0.05) on univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis controlling for age, comorbidities, activity level, and body mass index showed no differences in erectile function among men adhering to a low-fat, Mediterranean diet, or nonrestrictive diet. There was no association between specific diets and erectile function. While additional prospective research is required to corroborate these findings, these data support the notion that individualized diets should be tailored toward goals of weight loss and reduction of comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fantus
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua A Halpern
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cecilia Chang
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Kate Keeter
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nelson E Bennett
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jia S, Liu Y, Yuan J. Evidence in Guidelines for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1177:37-73. [PMID: 32246443 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2517-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on evidences in current guidelines for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). In Part 1, diet and lifestyle management is discussed, which plays an important role in CAD risk control, including forming healthy dietary pattern, maintaining proper body weight, physical exercise, smoking cessation, and so on. Part 2 elaborated on revascularization strategies and medical treatments in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including specific AHA and ESC guidelines on ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Part 3 discussed chronic stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), the treatment objective of which is a combination of both symptomatic and prognostic improvement. Yet many of the recommendations for SCAD are expert-based rather than evidence-based. Initial medical treatment is safe and beneficial for most patients. While cumulating studies have focused on optimizing pharmacological therapy (referring to nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, ACEI/ARB, statins, etc.), education, habitual modification, and social support matters a lot for reducing cardiac morbidity and mortality. Patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms and complex lesions should be considered for revascularization. But practical management of revascularization shall take individual characteristics, preference, and compliance into consideration as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sida Jia
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqing Yuan
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cashman KD. Vitamin D Deficiency: Defining, Prevalence, Causes, and Strategies of Addressing. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:14-29. [PMID: 31069443 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There are variable definitions of vitamin D deficiency, based on different thresholds of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D); this has a major bearing on the prevalence estimates of vitamin D deficiency and consequently on the magnitude of the public health issue of low vitamin D status. Despite this, there is widespread acknowledgement of the presence of vitamin D deficiency, even using the most conservative serum 25(OH)D threshold of < 25/30 nmol/L, in both low- and high-income country setting and the pressing need to address this deficiency. While ultraviolet B-rich sunlight stimulates synthesis of vitamin D in skin, there are environmental factors and personal characteristics which prevent or impede such dermal synthesis. There are several complexities and concerns in advocating sun exposure as a public health approach for increasing vitamin D status. This places increased emphasis on addressing vitamin D deficiency through dietary means. However, naturally rich sources of vitamin D are few and infrequently consumed, and nutrition surveillance data from various countries have indicated that habitual vitamin D intakes in the population are much lower than the recommendations. There are a number of strategies that can be considered for the control of micronutrient malnutrition, these include (i) increasing the diversity of foods consumed, (ii) food fortification, and (iii) supplementation. The present narrative review will consider these strategies for addressing low dietary vitamin D intake and consequently lowering the risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reducing shell egg cholesterol content. I. Overview, genetic approaches, and nutritional strategies. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933906001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Effect of flaxseed oil on muscle protein loss and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a pig model after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:859-869. [PMID: 31524111 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the metabolic precursor of EPA and DHA. The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment including dietary treatment (5 % maize oil v. 5 % flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline v. LPS). On day 21 of treatment, the pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg body weight LPS or sterile saline. At 4 h after injection, blood, gastrocnemius muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation increased ALA, EPA, total n-3 PUFA contents, protein:DNA ratio and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex quantity in muscles (P < 0·05). In addition, flaxseed oil reduced mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) 2 and their downstream signalling molecules in muscles and decreased plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (P < 0·05). Moreover, flaxseed oil inclusion increased the ratios of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) 1:total Akt1 and phosphorylated Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1:total FOXO1 and reduced mRNA expression of FOXO1, muscle RING finger (MuRF) 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in muscles (P < 0·05). These results suggest that flaxseed oil might have a positive effect on alleviating muscle protein loss and carbohydrates oxidation impairment induced by LPS challenge through regulation of the TLR4/NOD and Akt/FOXO signalling pathways.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gesteiro E, Guijarro L, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Vidal-Carou MDC, Troncoso A, Venanci L, Jimeno V, Quilez J, Anadón A, González-Gross M. Palm Oil on the Edge. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2008. [PMID: 31454938 PMCID: PMC6770503 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Internationally recognized Spanish experts in the food industry, nutrition, toxicology, sustainability, and veterinary science met in Madrid on July 2018 to develop a consensus about palm oil (PO) as a food ingredient. Their aim was to provide a useful, evidence-based point of reference about PO. Scientific evidence about the role of PO in food safety, nutrition and sustainability was analyzed. Main conclusions were: (1) RSPO foundation responded to the environmental impact of palm crops. The Amsterdam Declaration pursues the use of 100% sustainable PO in Europe by 2020. Awareness about choosing sustainable products will help to maintain local economies and environments in the producing countries; (2) evidence shows that a moderate intake of PO within a healthy diet presents no risks for health. No evidence justifies any change fat intake recommendations; (3) food industry is interested in assuring safe, sustainable and high-quality products. The use of certified sustainable PO is increasing; and (4) there is no evidence associating PO consumption and higher cancer risk, incidence or mortality in humans. Tolerable daily intake (TDI) for toxic contaminants (2-and 3-monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), glycidyl esters (GEs)) have been established by JECFA and EFSA. Consequently, the European Commission has modified the Contaminants Regulation for GEs and it is still working on 3-MCPDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gesteiro
- ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Guijarro
- Departamento de Periodismo II, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluis Venanci
- Agronomic Engineer, MBA, Independent consultant. El Prat de Llobregat 08820 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Jimeno
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, de Alimentación y Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Quilez
- Europastry S.A. 08210 Barberà del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Head of ImFine Research Group, Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The association of multimorbidity within cardio-metabolic disease domains with dietary patterns: A cross-sectional study in 129 369 men and women from the Lifelines cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220368. [PMID: 31393962 PMCID: PMC6687151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is considered a major challenge for current health care. Lifestyle interventions, as a broad and generic approach, may have the potential to improve the management of care among patients with multimorbidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of multimorbidity defined within the cardiometabolic disease domains with dietary patterns, representing habitual dietary intake. DESIGN We studied 129 369 participants from the Lifelines Cohort study (42% male, 45±13 years (range 18-93)) in which diet was assessed using a 110-item food frequency questionnaire. A composite morbidity score was applied in multivariable ordered logistic regression to test the association with dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis, based on sex-specific dietary pattern scores. RESULTS Four dietary patterns were retained, accounting for 26.6% of the variation in overall diet. After control for potential confounders, men and women in the highest quintile of "meat, alcohol and potato pattern" and "snack pattern" had a higher likelihood of having higher morbidity scores than those in the lowest quintile (e.g. men: OR = 1.83(95% CI:1.71-1.97), OR = 1.18(95% CI 1.11-1.27 respectively). The opposite was observed with respect to the "bread and sweets pattern" and "vegetable, fish and fruit pattern" (e.g. women: OR = 0.88(95% CI: 0.81-0.96), OR = 0.86(95% CI 0.81-0.92 respectively). The association partially attenuated after adjusting for BMI, but the associations remained significant among men. CONCLUSIONS Robust associations between dietary patterns and multimorbidity within the cardiometabolic domain, in particular a "meat, alcohol and potato pattern", suggest an important opportunity of dietary interventions in multimobidity prevention. Generic prevention strategies based on population derived dietary patterns may have the potential to enhance lifestyle management among people with multimorbidity.
Collapse
|
17
|
de Carvalho GB, Dias-Vasconcelos NL, Santos RKF, Brandão-Lima PN, da Silva DG, Pires LV. Effect of different dietary patterns on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1999-2010. [PMID: 31204492 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1624498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different dietary patterns have been positively related to the glycemic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, consensual dietary pattern for these individuals is not established. We aimed to evaluate the effects of adopting different dietary patterns on glycemic control markers of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Lilacs, Open Thesis and Google Scholar databases were searched using the Medical Subject Headings and terms related to dietary pattern and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interventional studies with adults of this population without diabetes-related complications, presenting data on percentage of glycated hemoglobin, and dietary patterns were included. In vitro, animal, reviews, observational, and studies with children, adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women were excluded. The time of adoption dietary patterns ranged from eight weeks to four years in randomized clinical trials, and six months in the cohort study. Vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns reduced 0.8% on average of percentage of glycated hemoglobin, considering all included studies. It was also observed reduction in fasting glycemia and improvement in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity. However, more randomized clinical trials are required for a full elucidation of these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Góes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Liliane Viana Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Pencina MJ, Banach M. Egg Consumption and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: An Individual-Based Cohort Study and Pooling Prospective Studies on Behalf of the Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:552-563. [PMID: 31173548 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1534620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science (IC-UCAS), West Beichen Road, Chaoyang, China
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J. Pencina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Buscemi J, Odoms-Young A, Stolley MR, Schiffer L, Blumstein L, Clark MH, Berbaum ML, McCaffrey J, Braunschweig C, Fitzgibbon ML. Comparative Effectiveness Trial of an Obesity Prevention Intervention in EFNEP and SNAP-ED: Primary Outcomes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1012. [PMID: 31060275 PMCID: PMC6566246 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to disseminate evidence-based childhood obesity prevention interventions on a broader scale to reduce obesity-related disparities among underserved children. The purpose of this study was to test the comparative effectiveness of an evidence-based obesity prevention intervention, Hip-Hop to Health (HH), delivered through Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) versus the standard curriculum delivered by the programs (Standard Nutrition Education (NE)). A nonequivalent control group design was delivered to compare the effectiveness of HH to NE on weight gain prevention and health behavior outcomes at EFNEP and SNAP-Ed sites. One hundred and fifty-three caregiver-child dyads (n = 103 in the HH group; n = 50 in the NE group) participated in the study. HH is an evidence-based dietary and physical activity intervention for low-income preschool children. The NE curriculum provided lessons for children that are consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010. Data were collected on demographics, anthropometrics, and behavioral variables for parent-child dyads at baseline and postintervention. Mixed model methods with random effects for site and participant were utilized. No differences in child or caregiver diet, physical activity, or screen time by group were found. No between-group differences in child BMI z-score were found; however, caregivers in the HH group lost significantly more weight than those in the NE group. Results from this trial can inform future dissemination efforts of evidenced-based programs for underserved families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Buscemi
- DePaul University, Department of Psychology, 2219 N. Kenmore Ave, Chicago IL 60614, USA.
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Angela Odoms-Young
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Melinda R Stolley
- Medical College of Wisconsin, General Internal Medicine, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Linda Schiffer
- Medical College of Wisconsin, General Internal Medicine, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Lara Blumstein
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Margaret H Clark
- DePaul University, Department of Psychology, 2219 N. Kenmore Ave, Chicago IL 60614, USA.
| | - Michael L Berbaum
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Jennifer McCaffrey
- Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Marian L Fitzgibbon
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Cardiovascular Events After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. Curr Cardiol Rep 2019; 21:44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
21
|
Pickworth CK, Deichert DA, Corroon J, Bradley RD. Randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between dietary pattern and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:363-375. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Pickworth
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jamie Corroon
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryan D Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with physical Health-Related Quality of Life in healthy individuals: Results from The Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214468. [PMID: 30921429 PMCID: PMC6438577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) represent individuals’ subjective assessment of their mental and physical well-being, and is highly predictive of future health. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established marker of inflammation. Low-grade inflammation (LGI), defined as slightly increased CRP levels, is associated with increased risk of several diseases. LGI may reflect subclinical pathology, which could affect individual’s subjective health assessment. This study aimed to examine whether LGI has an independent impact on self-reported health or rather is a mediator of a confounder in a large population of healthy individuals. Methods Plasma CRP levels were measured in 17,024 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS). All participants completed a standard questionnaire including smoking status, and the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12), which is a widely used scale for HRQL. SF-12 is reported as a mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) score. The relationship between LGI (defined as a plasma CRP level between 3 mg/L and 10 mg/L) and MCS or PCS was explored by mediation analysis and adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis. Multiple imputation modelling was used to remedy missing values. The analyses were stratified according to sex and use of combined oral contraception (OC). Results In the study, 1,542 (10.3%) participants had LGI. PCS was associated with LGI in all strata, i.e. women using OC: RC = -0.36 points lower PCS in participants with LGI vs no LGI, CI: -0.94 to -0.19, women not using OC: RC = -0.63, CI: -1.05 to -0.21 and men: RC = -0.76, CI: -1.10 to -0.42. But LGI had no impact on MCS. Predictors of lower PCS included obesity, current smoking, and waist circumference in all strata. Physical activity in leisure time was the only factor positively associated with PCS. Age and physical activity in leisure time was associated with increased MCS in all strata whereas current smoking was the only strong predictor of a reduction in MCS. Only a small effect of smoking on PCS was mediated through LGI. Conclusion In this population of healthy individuals, LGI had independent impact on lower self-rated physical health score in HRQL in both sexes, but was not associated with self-rated mental health score. A small and significant effect of smoking on physical health score was mediated through LGI.
Collapse
|
23
|
Paz-Graniel I, Babio N, Mendez I, Salas-Salvadó J. Association between Eating Speed and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010083. [PMID: 30621124 PMCID: PMC6356451 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Lifestyle is recognized as a key factor in the development of metabolic disorders and CVD. Recently, eating speed has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and other cardiometabolic disorders. We aimed to assess the association between eating speed and various cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis within the framework of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study with 792 participants from the Reus-Tarragona center. Eating speed was self-reported according to participant perception and categorized as slow, medium, or fast. The association between eating speed and cardiovascular risk factors was assessed using Cox regression models with constant time of follow-up for all individuals. Compared to participants in the slow eating speed category, those in the faster eating speed category were 59% more likely to have the hypertriglyceridemia component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (Hazard Ratio, (HR) 1.59; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.16–2.17), even after adjustment for potential confounders (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.08–2.02). No other significant differences were observed. Eating speed was positively associated with the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemia component of the MetS in a senior population at high cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indira Paz-Graniel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitati Sant Joan de Reus, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitati Sant Joan de Reus, Reus 43201, Spain.
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. (CIBEROBN), Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Mendez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitati Sant Joan de Reus, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitati Sant Joan de Reus, Reus 43201, Spain.
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. (CIBEROBN), Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang L, Tu Z, Wang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhu H, Hu CAA, Liu Y. Flaxseed oil improves liver injury and inhibits necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways following lipopolysaccharide challenge in a piglet model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
|
25
|
Alfaidi MA, Chamberlain J, Rothman A, Crossman D, Villa-Uriol MC, Hadoke P, Wu J, Schenkel T, Evans PC, Francis SE. Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Reduces Oscillatory Wall Shear Stress, Atherosclerosis, and Hypertension, Most Likely Mediated via an IL-1-Mediated Mechanism. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008757. [PMID: 29960988 PMCID: PMC6064924 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a complex condition and a common cardiovascular risk factor. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulates atherosclerosis and hypertension, possibly via an inflammatory mechanism. IL-1 (interleukin 1) has an established role in atherosclerosis and inflammation, although whether IL-1 inhibition modulates blood pressure is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Male apoE-/- (apolipoprotein E-null) mice were fed either a high fat diet or a high fat diet plus DHA (300 mg/kg per day) for 12 weeks. Blood pressure and cardiac function were assessed, and effects of DHA on wall shear stress and atherosclerosis were determined. DHA supplementation improved left ventricular function, reduced wall shear stress and oscillatory shear at ostia in the descending aorta, and significantly lowered blood pressure compared with controls (119.5±7 versus 159.7±3 mm Hg, P<0.001, n=4 per group). Analysis of atheroma following DHA feeding in mice demonstrated a 4-fold reduction in lesion burden in distal aortas and in brachiocephalic arteries (P<0.001, n=12 per group). In addition, DHA treatment selectively decreased plaque endothelial IL-1β (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that raised blood pressure can be reduced by inhibiting IL-1 indirectly by administration of DHA in the diet through a mechanism that involves a reduction in wall shear stress and local expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabruka A Alfaidi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Chamberlain
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Rothman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria-Cruz Villa-Uriol
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine & Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Hadoke
- BHF Centre of Excellence, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Junxi Wu
- BHF Centre of Excellence, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Schenkel
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stephenson K, Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Thomson J, Alpini G, Francis H. Updates on Dietary Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Studies and Insights. Gene Expr 2018; 18:5-17. [PMID: 29096730 PMCID: PMC5860971 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x15093707969658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease of increasing interest, as its prevalence is on the rise. NAFLD has been linked to metabolic syndrome, which is becoming more common due to the Western diet. Because NAFLD can lead to cirrhosis and related complications including hepatocellular carcinoma, the increasing prevalence is concerning, and medical therapy aimed at treating NAFLD is of great interest. Researchers studying the effects of medical therapy on NAFLD use dietary mouse models. The two main types of mouse model diets are the methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and the Western-like diet (WD). Although both induce NAFLD, the mechanisms are very different. We reviewed several studies conducted within the last 5 years that used MCD diet or WD mouse models in order to mimic this disease in a way most similar to humans. The MCD diet inconsistently induces NAFLD and fibrosis and does not completely induce metabolic syndrome. Thus, the clinical significance of the MCD diet is questionable. In contrast, WD mouse models consisting of high fat, cholesterol, and a combination of high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, fructose, or glucose not only lead to metabolic syndrome but also induce NAFLD with fibrosis, making these choices most suitable for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Stephenson
- *Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- †Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- ‡Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | | | - Joanne Thomson
- †Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- †Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- *Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- †Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- ‡Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. In vitro lipolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted pistachio kernel and skin constituents. Food Funct 2018; 7:4285-4298. [PMID: 27604963 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on pistachios to identify the differential contributions of skin and kernel phytochemicals to in vitro bioactivity. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of skin and kernel non-polar extracts (SNP and KNP, respectively) indicated that the major components are fatty acids (696.36 and 879.70 mg g-1), phytosterols (16.08 and 4.28 mg g-1), and γ-tocopherol (304.17 and 397.10 μg g-1). Analysis of the skin and kernel polar extracts (SP and KP, respectively) showed that skin accumulated higher levels of phenolic compounds, especially flavan-3-ols, compared to the kernel. An (epi)catechin hexoside was the major component in SP and KP (9.8 mg g-1 and 3.3 mg g-1, respectively). Flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization were detected in SP, but only the monomers were identified in the KP. Quercetin glycosides were the major flavonols present in both SP and KP. Bioassays with 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes demonstrated that all extracts decreased lipid accumulation, with SNP demonstrating the highest activity (17% inhibition). Bioassay guided fractionation of SNP indicated that the lipolytic activity was highest in the fraction consisting of linoleic acid (20%), linolenic acid (10%), and β-sitosterol (50%). Radical scavenging assays indicated that all pistachio extracts significantly inhibited ROS, while SP was the most inhibiting to NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Gene expression profiles associated with inflammation (IL6, iNOS, and COX2) were characterized in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages after treatment with pistachio extracts. SP and KP were the most potent to inhibit the expression of COX2. The SNP had the strongest effect in decreasing non-mitochondrial oxidative burst associated with inflammatory response in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Michael A Timmers
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Jia Xiong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Gad Yousef
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bruggers CS, Baranowski S, Beseris M, Leonard R, Long D, Schulte E, Shorter A, Stigner R, Mason CC, Bedrov A, Pascual I, Bulaj G. A Prototype Exercise-Empowerment Mobile Video Game for Children With Cancer, and Its Usability Assessment: Developing Digital Empowerment Interventions for Pediatric Diseases. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:69. [PMID: 29686977 PMCID: PMC5900044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical advances continue to improve morbidity and mortality of serious pediatric diseases, including cancer, driving research addressing diminished physical and psychological quality of life in children with these chronic conditions. Empowerment enhances resilience and positively influences health, disease, and therapy understanding. We describe the development and usability assessment of a prototype Empower Stars! mobile video game grounded in behavioral and exercise theories with the purpose of coupling physical exercise with empowerment over disease in children with cancer. METHODS Academic faculty, health-care providers, and community video game developers collaborated in this project. The iPadAir was selected as a delivery platform for its accelerometer and gyroscope features facilitating exercise design. Unity multiplatform technology provided animation and audiovisual features for immediate player feedback. Javascript, C#, Photoshop, Flash, and SketchUp were used for coding, creating graphical assets, Sprite sheets, and printing files, respectively. 3D-printed handles and case backing were used to adapt the iPad for physical exercise. Game usability, engagement, and enjoyment were assessed via a multilevel study of children undergoing cancer chemotherapy, their parents, and pediatric cancer health-care providers. Feedback crucial for ongoing game development was analyzed. RESULTS A prototype Empower Stars! mobile video game was developed for children 7-14 years old with cancer. Active, sedentary, educational, and empowerment-centered elements intermix for 20 min of exercise within a 30 min "one-day treatment" gameplay session involving superheroes, space exploration, metaphorical cancer challenges, life restoration on a barren planet, and innumerable star rewards. No player "dies." Usability assessment data analyses showed widespread enthusiasm for integrating exercise with empowerment over cancer and the game itself. Favorite elements included collecting star rewards and planet terraforming. Traveling in space and the Healthy Food Choice game were least liked. The need for improved gameplay instructions was expressed by all groups. The usability study provided essential feedback for converting the prototype into alpha version of Empower Stars! CONCLUSION Adapting exercise empowerment-promoting video game technology to mobile platforms facilitates usability and widespread dissemination for children with cancer. We discuss broader therapeutic applicability in diverse chronic pediatric diseases, including obesity, asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Bruggers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Derek Long
- Spy Hop Youth Media, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Rowan Stigner
- Spy Hop Youth Media, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alisa Bedrov
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ian Pascual
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Juan Diego Catholic High School, Draper, UT, United States
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saleh H, Golian A, Kermanshahi H, Mirakzehi MT. Antioxidant status and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with α-tocopherolacetate, pomegranate pomace and pomegranate pomace extract. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1362966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Saleh
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - A. Golian
- Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H. Kermanshahi
- Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. T. Mirakzehi
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li J, Gu Z, Pan Y, Wang S, Chen H, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Dietary supplementation of α-linolenic acid induced conversion of n-3 LCPUFAs and reduced prostate cancer growth in a mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:136. [PMID: 28697730 PMCID: PMC5505143 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the substrate for long-chain n-3 PUFAs. The beneficial effects of ALA on chronic diseases are still in dispute, unlike those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of ALA uptake from a vegetable oil source and its subsequent conversion to n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) in the tissues of growing mice, and to investigate its protective role in a prostate cancer animal model. We carried out the investigation in prostate-specific Pten-knockout mice with specified low-ALA (L-ALA, 2.5%) and high-ALA (H-ALA, 7.5%) diets. Total fatty acids in blood, liver, epididymal fat pad, prostate were detected and prostate weight were adjusted for body weight (mg/25 g). Results We found that dietary ALA triggered significant increases in ALA, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA levels and a significant decrease in arachidonic acid levels during the mice’s growth stage. A dose-dependent effect was observed for ALA, EPA and DPA, but not DHA. Furthermore, the average prostate weights in the L-ALA and H-ALA groups were lower than those in the control and n-6 groups, and similar to those in the EPA and n-3 groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary supplementation with ALA is an efficient means of improving n-3 LCPUFAs in vivo, and it has a biologically effective role to play in prostate cancer, similar to that of fish oils. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0529-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tauskela JS, Bourourou M, Blondeau N. Tackling issues in the path toward clinical translation in brain conditioning: Potential offered by nutraceuticals. Brain Circ 2017; 3:78-86. [PMID: 30276308 PMCID: PMC6126266 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief periods of ischemia have been shown in many experimental setups to provide tolerance against ischemia in multiple organs including the brain, when administered before (preconditioning) or even after (postconditioning) the normally lethal ischemia. In addition to these so-called ischemic conditionings, many pharmacological and natural agents (e.g., chemicals and nutraceuticals) can also act as potent pre- and post-conditioners. Deriving from the original concept of ischemic preconditioning, these various conditioning paradigms may be promising as clinical-stage therapies for prevention of ischemic-related injury, especially stroke. As no proven experimentally identified strategy has translated into clinical success, the experimental induction of neuroprotection using these various conditioning paradigms has raised several questions, even before considering translation to clinical studies in humans. The first aim of the review is to consider key questions on preclinical studies of pre- or post-conditioning modalities including those induced by chemical or nutraceuticals. Second, we make the argument that several key issues can be addressed by a novel concept, nutraceutical preconditioning. Specifically, α-linolenic acid (alpha-linolenic acid [ALA] an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid), contained in plant-derived edible products, is essential in the daily diet, and a body of work has identified ALA as a pre- and post-conditioner of the brain. Nutritional intervention and functional food development are an emerging direction for preventing stroke damage, offering the potential to improving clinical outcomes through activation of the endogenous protective mechanisms known collectively as conditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Tauskela
- Department of Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Miled Bourourou
- University of Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, UMR7275 Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- University of Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, UMR7275 Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Hermans N. Effect of various diets on biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:627-641. [PMID: 28027691 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1269726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the normal whole diet in different countries and of special types of diet on the biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is reviewed. Diet type, specification, risk of MetS and studied biomarkers, as far as could be traced, are included. Critical points in published studies are mentioned. Description of the traditional dietary patterns for the various countries is not always well-defined and numbers of persons in the studied population are sometimes quite limited, which hamper drawing definite conclusions. Since a Nordic diet, a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), and especially a Mediterranean diet are quite promising, due to its health claims, the food pattern is studied more in detail and a large spectrum of vegetarian diets are included as well. Most of the time lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are the studied biomarkers in response to diet intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stuart AC, Sico JJ, Viscoli CM, Tayal AH, Inzucchi SE, Ford GA, Furie KL, Cote R, Spence JD, Tanne D, Kernan WN. Taking care of volunteers in a stroke trial: a new assisted-management strategy. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2016; 1:108-114. [PMID: 28959471 PMCID: PMC5435205 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2016-000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Providing participants with evidence-based care for secondary prevention is an ethical and scientific priority for trials in stroke therapy. The optimal strategy, however, is uncertain. We report the performance of a new approach for delivering preventive care to trial participants. METHODS Participants were enrolled in the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial, which examined the insulin sensitiser, pioglitazone versus placebo for prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Preventive care was the responsibility of the participants' personal healthcare providers, but investigators monitored care and provided feedback annually. We studied achievement of 8 prevention goals at baseline and 3 annual visits, with a focus on 3 priority goals: blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol <2.59 mmol/L and antithrombotic therapy. RESULTS The proportion of participants achieving the priority goals was highest for antithrombotic use (96-99% in each year) and similar for blood pressure (66-72% in each year) and LDL (68-70% in each year). All 3 priority goals were achieved by 47-52% of participants in any given year. However, only 22% of participants achieved all 3 goals in each year. CONCLUSIONS A strategy of monitoring care and providing feedback was associated with high average yearly achievement of 3 priority secondary prevention goals, but the majority of trial participants did not persist in being at goal over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00091949.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Stuart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason J Sico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine M Viscoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashis H Tayal
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gary A Ford
- Division of Medical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen L Furie
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert Cote
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David Tanne
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Walter N Kernan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Food-based solutions for vitamin D deficiency: putting policy into practice and the key role for research. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 76:54-63. [PMID: 27776564 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent re-evaluations of dietary reference values (DRV) for vitamin D have established intake requirements between 10 and 20 µg/d. National nutrition surveys indicate that habitual mean intakes of vitamin D in the population are typically in the range 3-7 µg/d. As vitamin D supplementation will not be effective at a population level because the uptake is generally low, creative food-based solutions are needed to bridge the gap between current intakes and these new requirement values. The overarching aim of this review is to highlight how food-based solutions can have an important role in bridging this gap and counteracting vitamin D inadequacy in Europe and elsewhere. The present review initially briefly overviews very recent new European DRV for vitamin D and, while not in agreement on requirement estimates, how they point very clearly to the need for food-based solutions. The review discusses the need for traditional fortification of foods in the dairy and other sectors, and finally overviews recent advances in the area of biofortification of food with vitamin D. In conclusion, increasing vitamin D intakes across the population distribution is important from a public health perspective to reduce the high degree of inadequacy of vitamin D intake in Europe. Fortification, including biofortification, of a wider range of foods, which accommodate diversity, is likely to have the potential to increase vitamin D intakes across the population distribution. Research has had, and will continue to have, a key role in terms of developing food-based solutions and tackling vitamin D deficiency.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hayes A, Duffy S, O'Grady M, Jakobsen J, Galvin K, Teahan-Dillon J, Kerry J, Kelly A, O'Doherty J, Higgins S, Seamans KM, Cashman KD. Vitamin D-enhanced eggs are protective of wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a randomized controlled trial of adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:629-37. [PMID: 27488236 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.132530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous animal studies that have illustrated the impact of additional vitamin D in the diet of hens on the resulting egg vitamin D content, the effect of the consumption of such eggs on vitamin D status of healthy individuals has not, to our knowledge, been tested. OBJECTIVE We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effect of the consumption of vitamin D-enhanced eggs (produced by feeding hens at the maximum concentration of vitamin D3 or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] lawfully allowed in feed) on winter serum 25(OH)D in healthy adults. DESIGN We conducted an 8-wk winter RCT in adults aged 45-70 y (n = 55) who were stratified into 3 groups and were requested to consume ≤2 eggs/wk (control group, in which status was expected to decline), 7 vitamin D3-enhanced eggs/wk, or seven 25(OH)D3-enhanced eggs/wk. Serum 25(OH)D was the primary outcome. RESULTS Although there was no significant difference (P > 0.1; ANOVA) in the mean preintervention serum 25(OH)D in the 3 groups, it was ∼7-8 nmol/L lower in the control group than in the 2 groups who consumed vitamin D-enhanced eggs. With the use of an ANCOVA, in which baseline 25(OH)D was accounted for, vitamin D3-egg and 25(OH)D3-egg groups were shown to have had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.005) postintervention serum 25(OH)D than in the control group. With the use of a within-group analysis, it was shown that, although serum 25(OH)D in the control group significantly decreased over winter (mean ± SD: -6.4 ± 6.7 nmol/L; P = 0.001), there was no change in the 2 groups who consumed vitamin D-enhanced eggs (P > 0.1 for both). CONCLUSION Weekly consumption of 7 vitamin D-enhanced eggs has an important impact on winter vitamin D status in adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02678364.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Hayes
- Cork Centre Center for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research
| | - Sarah Duffy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Michael O'Grady
- Muscle Foods Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Galvin
- Cork Centre Center for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research
| | | | - Joseph Kerry
- Muscle Foods Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Alan Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - John O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | | | | | - Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre Center for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hu Y, Chiu YH, Hauser R, Chavarro J, Sun Q. Overall and class-specific scores of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables as a tool to rank intake of pesticide residues in United States: A validation study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:294-300. [PMID: 27128714 PMCID: PMC4902771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables are among the primary sources of pesticide exposure through diet, but the lack of adequate measurements hinder the research on health effects of pesticide residues. Pesticide Residue Burden Score (PRBS) for estimating overall dietary pesticide intake, organochlorine pesticide score (OC-PRBS) and organophosphate pesticide score (OP-PRBS) for estimating organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides-specific intake, respectively, were derived using U.S. Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program data and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) food frequency questionnaire data. We evaluated the performance of these scores by validating the scores against pesticide metabolites measured in urine or serum among 3,679 participants in NHANES using generalized linear regression. The PRBS was positively associated with a score summarizing the ranks of all pesticide metabolites in a linear fashion (p for linear trend <0.001). Furthermore, individuals in the top quintile of this score had urinary pesticide metabolite levels 13.0% (95% CI 8.3%-17.7%) higher than individuals in the lowest quintile. Similarly, we observed significant associations of the OC-PRBS and OP-PRBS with the levels of lipid-adjusted total serum organochlorine pesticides and urinary creatinine-adjusted organophosphate pesticides, respectively. The relative difference (RD) in average pesticide metabolite rank between extreme quintiles was 17.8% (95% CI: 11.1%-24.4%, p for trend <0.001) for the OP-PRBS, whereas the RD was marginally significant at 7.0% (95% CI: -0.5%-14.4%, p for trend 0.07) for the OC-PRBS. The PRBS and OP-PRBS had similar performance when they were derived from fruits and vegetables with high vs. low pesticide residues, respectively (p for trend <0.001 for all associations). The OP-PRBS was associated with all measured organophosphate pesticides, whereas the positive association between OC-PRBS and averaged measured organochlorine pesticide residue rank was primarily driven by hexachlorobenzene. OC-PRBS had better performance when derived from more contaminated fruits and vegetables (p for trend 0.07) than from less contaminated Fruits and vegetables (p for trend 0.63), although neither of the associations achieved statistical significance. The PRBS and the class-specific scores for two major types of pesticides were significantly associated with pesticide biomarkers. These scores can reasonably rank study participants by their pesticide residue exposures from fruits and vegetables in large-scale environmental epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jorge Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Soroudi N, Wylie-Rosett J, Mogul D. Quick WAVE Screener: A Tool to Address Weight, Activity, Variety, and Excess. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2016; 30:616, 618-22, 626-8 passim. [PMID: 15669779 DOI: 10.1177/014572170403000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisseh Soroudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Doug Mogul
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kubant R, Poon AN, Sánchez-Hernández D, Domenichiello AF, Huot PSP, Pannia E, Cho CE, Hunschede S, Bazinet RP, Anderson GH. A comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated vegetable shortening on the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e188. [PMID: 26657014 PMCID: PMC4735054 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with increased consumption and preference for dietary fat. Experimental models of fat-induced obesity use either lard or vegetable shortening. Yet, there are no direct comparisons of these commonly used fat sources, or the influence of their fatty acid composition, on the development of diet-induced obesity. Objective: To compare the effects of lard and hydrogenated vegetable-shortening diets, which differ in their fatty acid composition, on weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Methods and design: Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks high-fat diets containing either (1) high vegetable fat (HVF, 60 kcal% from vegetable shortening) or (2) high lard fat (HLF, 60 kcal% from lard). Rats fed normal-fat (NF, 16 kcal% from vegetable shortening) diet served as control. Body weight, food intake, adipose tissue mass, serum 25[OH]D3, glucose, insulin and fatty acid composition of diets were measured. Results: Rats fed either of the two high-fat diets had higher energy intake, weight gain and fat accretion than rats fed normal-fat diet. However, rats fed the HLF diet consumed more calories and gained more weight and body fat with greater increases of 32% in total (158.5±8.2 vs 120.2±6.6 g, P<0.05), 30% in visceral (104.4±5.2 vs 80.3±4.2 g, P<0.05) and 36% in subcutaneous fat mass (54.1±3.6 vs 39.9±3.1 g, P<0.05), compared with rats fed the HVF diet. Higher visceral adiposity was positively correlated with serum insulin (r=0.376, P<0.05) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (r=0.391, P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that lard-based high-fat diets accentuate the increase in weight gain and the development of obesity and insulin resistance more than hydrogenated vegetable-shortening diets. These results further point to the importance of standardizing fatty acid composition and type of fat used in determining outcomes of consuming high-fat diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A N Poon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A F Domenichiello
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P S P Huot
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Pannia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C E Cho
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Hunschede
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G H Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hoddy KK, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Barnosky AR, Bhutani S, Varady KA. Safety of alternate day fasting and effect on disordered eating behaviors. Nutr J 2015; 14:44. [PMID: 25943396 PMCID: PMC4424827 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternate day fasting (ADF; ad libitum intake “feed day” alternated with 75% restriction “fast day”), is effective for weight loss, but the safety of the diet has been questioned. Accordingly, this study examined occurrences of adverse events and eating disorder symptoms during ADF. Findings Obese subjects (n = 59) participated in an 8-week ADF protocol where food was provided on the fast day. Body weight decreased (P < 0.0001) by 4.2 ± 0.3%. Some subjects reported constipation (17%), water retention (2%), dizziness (<20%), and general weakness (<15%). Bad breath doubled from baseline (14%) to post-treatment (29%), though not significantly. Depression and binge eating decreased (P < 0.01) with ADF. Purgative behavior and fear of fatness remained unchanged. ADF helped subjects increase (P < 0.01) restrictive eating and improve (P < 0.01) body image perception. Conclusions Therefore, ADF produces minimal adverse outcomes, and has either benign or beneficial effects on eating disorder symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Hoddy
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Cynthia M Kroeger
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - John F Trepanowski
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Adrienne R Barnosky
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 506 F, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Derman EW, Patel DN, Nossel CJ, Schwellnus MP. Healthy lifestyle interventions in general practice. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2008.10873732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
41
|
Sørensen CJ, Pedersen OB, Petersen MS, Sørensen E, Kotzé S, Thørner LW, Hjalgrim H, Rigas AS, Møller B, Rostgaard K, Riiskjær M, Ullum H, Erikstrup C. Combined oral contraception and obesity are strong predictors of low-grade inflammation in healthy individuals: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS). PLoS One 2014; 9:e88196. [PMID: 24516611 PMCID: PMC3916399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established marker of inflammation. The level of CRP is affected by several lifestyle factors. A slightly increased CRP level, also known as low-grade inflammation (LGI), is associated with increased risk of several diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of increased CRP levels in healthy individuals. We therefore assessed CRP in a large cohort of blood donors. METHODS We measured plasma CRP levels in 15,684 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study. CRP was measured by a commercial assay. Furthermore, all participants completed a standard questionnaire on smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, and various body measurements. Female participants also reported the use of contraception, childbirth, and menopausal status. The relationship between LGI (defined here as a plasma CRP level between 3 mg/L and 10 mg/L) and predictors was explored by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We found LGI in a total of 1,561 (10.0%) participants. LGI was more frequent in women using combined oral contraception (OC) (29.9%) than in men (6.1%) and women not using OC (7.9%). Among premenopausal women, OC was the strongest predictor of LGI (odds ratio = 8.98, p<0.001). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were positively associated with LGI. CONCLUSION High BMI and abdominal obesity strongly predicted LGI among healthy individuals. However, the most striking finding was the high prevalence of LGI among premenopausal women who used combined oral contraception. Although the significance of CRP as a marker of inflammation is well known, the role of CRP in pathogenesis is still uncertain. The impact of oral contraception on CRP levels should nevertheless be considered when CRP is used in risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie J. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole B. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Sygehus, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Mikkel S. Petersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Kotzé
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise W. Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas S. Rigas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Riiskjær
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Teixeira PDS, Reis BZ, Vieira DADS, Costa DD, Costa JO, Raposo OFF, Wartha ERSDA, Netto RSM. [Educational nutritional intervention as an effective tool for changing eating habits and body weight among those who practice physical activities]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 18:347-56. [PMID: 23358760 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232013000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bioavailability of tocotrienols: evidence in human studies. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:5. [PMID: 24410975 PMCID: PMC3895660 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a minor component of vitamin E, tocotrienols were evident in exhibiting biological activities such as neuroprotection, radio-protection, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering properties which are not shared by tocopherols. However, available data on the therapeutic window of tocotrienols remains controversial. It is important to understand the absorption and bioavailability mechanisms before conducting in-depth investigations into the therapeutic efficacy of tocotrienols in humans. In this review, we updated current evidence on the bioavailability of tocotrienols from human studies. Available data from five studies suggested that tocotrienols may reach its target destination through an alternative pathway despite its low affinity for α-tocopherol transfer protein. This was evident when studies reported considerable amount of tocotrienols detected in HDL particles and adipose tissues after oral consumption. Besides, plasma concentrations of tocotrienols were shown to be higher when administered with food while self-emulsifying preparation of tocotrienols was shown to enhance the absorption of tocotrienols. Nevertheless, mixed results were observed based on the outcome from 24 clinical studies, focusing on the dosages, study populations and formulations used. This may be due to the variation of compositions and dosages of tocotrienols used, suggesting a need to understand the formulation of tocotrienols in the study design. Essentially, implementation of a control diet such as AHA Step 1 diet may influence the study outcomes, especially in hypercholesterolemic subjects when lipid profile might be modified due to synergistic interaction between tocotrienols and control diet. We also found that the bioavailability of tocotrienols were inconsistent in different target populations, from healthy subjects to smokers and diseased patients. In this review, the effect of dosage, composition and formulation of tocotrienols as well as study populations on the bioavailability of tocotrienols will be discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Martin W, Armstrong L, Rodriguez N. Dietary Protein Intake and Renal Function. Clin Nutr 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b16308-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
46
|
Merino J, Kones R, Ferré R, Plana N, Girona J, Aragonés G, Ibarretxe D, Heras M, Masana L. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet alters small peripheral artery reactivity in metabolic syndrome patients. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2013; 26:58-65. [PMID: 24365581 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low carbohydrate diets have become increasingly popular for weight loss. Although they may improve some metabolic markers, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) or metabolic syndrome (MS), their net effect on vascular function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the relation between dietary macronutrient composition and the small artery reactive hyperaemia index (saRHI), a marker of small artery vascular function, in a cohort of MS patients. DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 160 MS patients. Diet was evaluated by a 3-day food-intake register and reduced to a novel low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS). Physical examination, demographic, biochemical and anthropometry parameters were recorded, and saRHI was measured in each patient. RESULTS Individuals in the lowest LCDS quartile (Q1; 45% carbohydrate, 19% protein, 31% fat) had higher saRHI values than those in the top quartile (Q4; 30% carbohydrate, 25% protein, 43% fat) (1.84±0.42 vs. 1.55±0.25, P=.012). These results were similar in T2D patients (Q1=1.779±0.311 vs. Q4=1.618±0.352, P=.011) and also in all of the MS components, except for low HDLc. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that individuals in the highest LCDS quartile, that is, consuming less carbohydrates, had a significantly negative coefficient of saRHI which was independent of confounders (HR: -0.747; 95%CI: 0.201, 0.882; P=.029). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by a low amount of carbohydrate, but reciprocally higher amounts of fat and protein, is associated with poorer vascular reactivity in patients with MS and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Merino
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Raimon Ferré
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aragonés
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Heras
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Sant Joan University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ramprasath VR, Eyal I, Zchut S, Jones PJH. Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in healthy individuals with response to 4-week n-3 fatty acid supplementation from krill oil versus fish oil. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:178. [PMID: 24304605 PMCID: PMC4235028 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to structural differences, bioavailability of krill oil, a phospholipid based oil, could be higher than fish oil, a triglyceride-based oil, conferring properties that render it more effective than fish oil in increasing omega-3 index and thereby, reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effects of krill oil compared with fish oil or a placebo control on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile in healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Twenty four healthy volunteers were recruited for a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The study consisted of three treatment phases including krill or fish oil each providing 600 mg of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo control, corn oil in capsule form. Each treatment lasted 4 wk and was separated by 8 wk washout phases. RESULTS Krill oil consumption increased plasma (p = 0.0043) and RBC (p = 0.0011) n-3 PUFA concentrations, including EPA and DHA, and reduced n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (plasma: p = 0.0043, RBC: p = 0.0143) compared with fish oil consumption. Sum of EPA and DHA concentrations in RBC, the omega-3 index, was increased following krill oil supplementation compared with fish oil (p = 0.0143) and control (p < 0.0001). Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations did not change with any of the treatments. However, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were increased following krill (TC: p = 0.0067, LDL: p = 0.0143) and fish oil supplementation (TC: p = 0.0028, LDL: p = 0.0143) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of krill oil was well tolerated with no adverse events. Results indicate that krill oil could be more effective than fish oil in increasing n-3 PUFA, reducing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, and improving the omega-3 index. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01323036.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter J H Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Choi OJE, Cho YG, Kang JH, Park HA, Kim KW, Hur YI, Yim HJ. Weight control attempts in underweight korean adults: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2010. Korean J Fam Med 2013; 34:393-402. [PMID: 24340161 PMCID: PMC3856281 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight refers to the weight range in which health risk can increase, since the weight is lower than a healthy weight. Negative attitudes towards obesity and socio-cultural preference for thinness could induce even underweight persons to attempt weight control. This study was conducted to investigate factors related to weight control attempts in underweight Korean adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on 690 underweight adults aged 25 to 69 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2010. Body image perception, weight control attempts during the past one year, various health behaviors, history of chronic diseases, and socioeconomic status were surveyed. RESULTS Underweight women had a higher rate of weight control attempts than underweight men (25.4% vs. 8.1%, P < 0.001). Among underweight men, subjects with the highest physical activity level (odds ratio [OR], 7.75), subjects with physician-diagnosed history of chronic diseases (OR, 7.70), and subjects with non-manual jobs or other jobs (OR, 6.22; 12.39 with reference to manual workers) had a higher likelihood of weight control attempts. Among underweight women, subjects who did not perceive themselves as thin (OR, 4.71), subjects with the highest household income level (OR, 2.61), and unmarried subjects (OR, 2.08) had a higher likelihood of weight control attempts. CONCLUSION This study shows that numbers of underweight Korean adults have tried to control weight, especially women. Seeing that there are gender differences in factors related to weight control attempts in underweight adults, gender should be considered in helping underweight adults to maintain a healthy weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Jin Ee Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Debusca A, Tahergorabi R, Beamer SK, Partington S, Jaczynski J. Interactions of dietary fibre and omega-3-rich oil with protein in surimi gels developed with salt substitute. Food Chem 2013; 141:201-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Lopez-Legarrea P, Mansego ML, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. SERPINE1, PAI-1 protein coding gene, methylation levels and epigenetic relationships with adiposity changes in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome features under dietary restriction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:139-44. [PMID: 24249967 PMCID: PMC3818272 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) has been associated with metabolic
disorders, through different mechanisms, which could involve changes in DNA
methylation. This work aimed to assess the potential relationships of the
cytosine methylation levels within SERPINE1 gene
transcriptional regulatory region, which codes for PAI-1, in peripheral white
blood cells with anthropometrical, metabolic and inflammatory features.
Forty-six obese subjects with metabolic syndrome features followed Control or
Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) energy-restricted
(−30%E) diets for 8 weeks. SERPINE1 transcriptional
regulatory region methylation at baseline was analyzed by a microarray
technical. Both dietary strategies reduced anthropometric and biochemical
parameters. The Control group significantly reduced plasma PAI-1 concentrations
but not the RESMENA group. Participants from both nutritional interventions with
higher SERPINE1 methylation levels at baseline showed
significantly major reductions in body weight, total fat mass, android fat mass,
total cholesterol and triglycerides, as compared with those with lower initial
SERPINE1 methylation levels. In conclusion, the DNA
methylation levels of SERPINE1 transcriptional regulatory
region were associated with some metabolic and anthropometric changes in obese
subjects with metabolic syndrome under energy restriction, suggesting a complex
epigenetic network in the regulation of this recognized pro-inflammatory marker.
(www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01087086)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lopez-Legarrea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|