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Ravanbakhsh N, Browne D, Weaver C, Gholikhani A, Kavarian P, Mitsinikos T. Comparing imaging modalities in the assessment of fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 39291624 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease in children. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and transient elastography (TE) are imaging modalities that can monitor fibrosis and steatosis noninvasively. More studies are needed to identify whether imaging modalities can provide accurate and reproducible data. We hypothesize that MRE provides reliable data similar to that of TE when compared to liver biopsy in children with MASLD/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with liver biopsy-proven MASLD at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between September 2017 and January 2023, investigating and comparing the predictive accuracy of MRE and TE in the detection of high-grade fibrosis on liver biopsy. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were reviewed, all of whom had undergone liver biopsy, MRE and TE for evaluation of MASLD. Fibrosis was identified in 90% of liver biopsies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of MRE and TE for detection of high-grade fibrosis were 0.817 and 0.750, respectively, and not significantly different (p = 0.4785). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that MRE and TE did not accurately predict high-grade fibrosis on liver biopsy. Between the two noninvasive imaging modalities, the correlation of identifying high-grade fibrosis was not statistically different; however, the AUROC for MRE was slightly superior to that of TE. Studies with larger cohorts will be required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ravanbakhsh
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Debra Browne
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carly Weaver
- Clinical Research, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Asal Gholikhani
- Clinical Research, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patil Kavarian
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tania Mitsinikos
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of adipose insulin resistance index with leg (gluteofemoral) fat (inverse) and serum alanine aminotransferase (positive) in young Japanese women. Metabol Open 2024; 22:100289. [PMID: 38872905 PMCID: PMC11169472 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Associations of the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acid) with body fat distribution and the ratio of alanine to aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, were examined in the context of the metabolic syndrome. Methods Legs, the trunk and body fat by DXA, blood pressure (BP) and blood chemistry were measured in 284 young Japanese female university students and 148 middle-aged biological mothers whose BMI averaged <23 kg/m2. Results Young women had higher leg fat/body fat and lower trunk fat/body fat ratio (both p < 0.001) compared with middle-aged women but AT-IR did not differ between the two groups. We had multivariable linear regression analysis for AT-IR as a dependent variable including leg fat/body fat ratio, trunk fat/body fat ratio, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and systolic BP as independent variables. Leg fat/body fat ratio, fasting glucose and triglyceride (p = 0.013, 0.009 and 0.016, respectively) emerged as determinants of AT-IR in young women. Trunk fat/body fat ratio and fasting glucose (p = 0.003 and 0.019, respectively) emerged in middle-aged women. In a model which included ALT/AST as an additional independent variable, ALT/AST (p = 0.016) was the fourth independent determinant in young women and the single determinant of AT-IR in middle-aged women (p < 0.001). Conclusion In young Japanese women, adipose tissue insulin resistance was associated with reduced leg fat, a subtle partial lipodystrophy-like phenotype associated with reduced adipose tissue expandability. It was associated with elevated trunk (abdominal) fat in middle-aged women and with ALT/AST, a marker of hepatosteatosis, in two groups of Japanese women, suggesting ectopic fat deposition associated with reduced adipose tissue expandability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Xiao J, Zhang X, Chang L, Yu H, Sun L, Zhu C, He Q. Associations of four surrogate insulin resistance indexes with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Chinese patients with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03888-z. [PMID: 38814373 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the association of four surrogate indexes of IR with NASH in patients with obesity. METHODS A total of 270 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, were included in this cross-sectional study. NASH was diagnosed based on liver biopsies. Binary logistics regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of four surrogate indexes of IR (HOMA-IR, Matsuda index, TyG, and TG/HDL-C) with NASH in patients with obesity. The restricted cubic spline was used to assess the dose-response associations of surrogate indexes of IR with NASH after adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS NASH was diagnosed in 136 patients, with a prevalence of 50.37%. Compared with tertile 1, the fully adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of NASH for tertile 3 were 2.711(1.113-6.608) and 0.297 (0.152-0.579) for TyG and Matsuda index. Consistently, per SD increment of TyG were still significantly associated with 64% increased risks of NASH, and per SD increment of Matsuda index were still significantly associated with 38% decreased risks of NASH. In contrast, no significant associations were found between HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-C and the risk of NASH in patients with obesity (all P > 0.05). After adjusting covariates in restricted cubic splines, the risk of NASH decreased with the increment of Matsuda Index levels (P-nonlinear = 0.442, P-overall = 0.007) and with the decrement of TyG levels (P-nonlinear = 0.004, P-overall = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with obesity, TyG and Matsuda index were independently related to the risk of NASH after adjustment for traditional risk factors. In addition, compared with HOMA-IR and TG/HDL-C, the Matsuda index and TyG may be more suitable for NASH prediction in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lina Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Longhao Sun
- Department of General surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Yellurkar ML, Prasanna VS, Das P, Sarkar S, Matta R, Dhaked DK, Peraman R, Taraphdar AK, Nanjappan SK, Velayutham R, Arumugam S. Indigenous wisdom of a Kwatha to treat NASH: An insight into the mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117935. [PMID: 38408692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common severe liver disease globally, progressing further into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vasaguduchyadi Kwatha (VK) is an Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used to treat liver diseases and other metabolic complications. This study is an ethnopharmacological approach to unravel this indigenous remedy. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to discover the probable mechanism of action of VK against NASH in this study, using network pharmacology, molecular docking, in vitro study, and preclinical investigation. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the 55 components identified, 10 were confirmed based on mass, elution charecteristics, MS/MS analysis data, and fragmentation rules. Computational study indicated 92 targets involved in the central pathways of NASH, out of which only 15 targets and 9 VK constituents have significant docking scores. In vitro and in vivo analysis results showed that VK significantly reduces weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis and overall histological features of NASH compared to saroglitazar (SGZR). CONCLUSION Our detailed study yielded three signalling pathways related to NASH on which VK has maximum effect, bringing up a probable alternative treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Vani Sai Prasanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pamelika Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulogna Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Matta
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Amit Kumar Taraphdar
- Department of Dravyaguna (Ayurvedic Pharmacology), Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, 294/3/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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de Girolamo G, Andreassen OA, Bauer M, Brambilla P, Calza S, Citerà N, Corcoy R, Fagiolini A, Garcia-Argibay M, Godin O, Klingler F, Kobayashi NF, Larsson H, Leboyer M, Matura S, Martinelli A, De la Peña-Arteaga V, Poli R, Reif A, Ritter P, Rødevand LN, Magno M, Caselani E. Medical comorbidities in bipolar disorder (BIPCOM): clinical validation of risk factors and biomarkers to improve prevention and treatment. Study protocol. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38703295 PMCID: PMC11069492 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BIPCOM aims to (1) identify medical comorbidities in people with bipolar disorder (BD); (2) examine risk factors and clinical profiles of Medical Comorbidities (MC) in this clinical group, with a special focus on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS); (3) develop a Clinical Support Tool (CST) for the personalized management of BD and medical comorbidities. METHODS The BIPCOM project aims to investigate MC, specifically MetS, in individuals with BD using various approaches. Initially, prevalence rates, characteristics, genetic and non-genetic risk factors, and the natural progression of MetS among individuals with BD will be assessed by analysing Nordic registers, biobanks, and existing patient datasets from 11 European recruiting centres across 5 countries. Subsequently, a clinical study involving 400 participants from these sites will be conducted to examine the clinical profiles and incidence of specific MetS risk factors over 1 year. Baseline assessments, 1-year follow-ups, biomarker analyses, and physical activity measurements with wearable biosensors, and focus groups will be performed. Using this comprehensive data, a CST will be developed to enhance the prevention, early detection, and personalized treatment of MC in BD, by incorporating clinical, biological, sex and genetic information. This protocol will highlight the study's methodology. DISCUSSION BIPCOM's data collection will pave the way for tailored treatment and prevention approaches for individuals with BD. This approach has the potential to generate significant healthcare savings by preventing complications, hospitalizations, and emergency visits related to comorbidities and cardiovascular risks in BD. BIPCOM's data collection will enhance BD patient care through personalized strategies, resulting in improved quality of life and reduced costly interventions. The findings of the study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between medical comorbidities and BD, enabling accurate prediction and effective management of MetS and cardiovascular diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN68010602 at https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN68010602 . Registration date: 18/04/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicholas Citerà
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Corcoy
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
| | - Miguel Garcia-Argibay
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ophélia Godin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, Créteil, France
| | - Florian Klingler
- Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Bipolare Störungen (DGBS) E.V, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nene F Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alessandra Martinelli
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Víctor De la Peña-Arteaga
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Poli
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Unit of Cremona General Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linn N Rødevand
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Magno
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Caselani
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Honda M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of ALT/AST, a marker of hepatosteatosis, with pulse rate in young women and with blood pressure in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:270-277. [PMID: 38524930 PMCID: PMC10959855 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. In both middle-aged and young women, ALT/AST was associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk/leg fat ratio and pulse rate. In middle-aged women but not in young women, ALT/AST was associated with waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol (inversely), systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (BP). Further, in middle-aged women only, the ratio was associated with BMI, percentage body fat, apolipoprotein B and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Among these variables, pulse rate in young women and systolic BP in middle-aged women were associated with ALT/AST independently of trunk/leg fat ratio, a sophisticated measures of abdominal fat accumulation, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ALT/AST was associated with pulse rate in young women and with systolic BP in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. It is noted that their waist circumference averaged < 80 cm and ALT < 30 U/L, suggesting minimum accumulation of abdominal and hepatic fat, respectively, key drivers of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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Bogdański A, Niziołek P, Kopeć S, Moszak M. Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Precise Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk, Metabolic Diseases, and Target for Therapeutic Interventions. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00230. [PMID: 38477580 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located between the heart muscle and visceral pericardium, where it has direct contact with coronary blood vessels. Elevated thickness of this tissue can induce local inflammation affecting the myocardium and the underlying coronary arteries, contributing to various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Recent studies have identified EAT thickness as a simple and reliable biomarker for certain cardiovascular outcomes. Examples include the presence of atherosclerosis, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, EAT measurements can help to identify patients with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Since the EAT thickness can be easily measured using echocardiography, such examinations could serve as a useful and cost-effective preventive tool for assessing cardiovascular health. This review also summarizes therapeutical interventions aimed at reducing EAT. Reducing EAT thickness has been shown to be possible through pharmacological, surgical, or lifestyle-change interventions. Pharmaceutical therapies, including thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and statins, have been shown to influence EAT thickness. Additionally, EAT thickness can also be managed more invasively through bariatric surgery, or noninvasively through lifestyle changes to diet and exercise routines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego, Poznan, Poland
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Yu C, He S, Kuang M, Wang C, Huang X, Sheng G, Zou Y. Association between weight-adjusted waist index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38369482 PMCID: PMC10874525 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is the most important driver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); nevertheless, the relationship of weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a new obesity index, with NAFLD is unclear. METHODS This retrospective study used data from the NAGALA project from 1994 to 2016. WWI values were calculated using waist circumference (WC) and weight measurements of the participants. Three stepwise adjusted logistic regression models were developed to assess the relationship of WWI with NAFLD in the whole population and in both sexes. Additionally, we also conducted a series of exploratory analysis to test the potential impact of body mass index (BMI), age, smoking status and exercise habits on the association of WWI with NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to estimate cut-off points for identifying NAFLD in the entire population and in both sexes. RESULTS The current study included a population of 11,805 individuals who participated in health screenings, including 6,451 men and 5,354 women. After adjusting for all non-collinear variables in the multivariable logistic regression model, we found a significant positive correlation of WWI with NAFLD. For each unit increase in WWI, the risk of NAFLD increased by 72% in the entire population, by 84% in men, and by 63% in women. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed no significant discrepancies in the correlation of WWI with NAFLD across individuals with varying ages, exercise habits, and smoking status (all P-interaction > 0.05), except for different BMI groups (P-interaction < 0.05). Specifically, compared to the overweight/obese group, the relationship of WWI with NAFLD was significantly stronger in the non-obese group, especially in non-obese men. Finally, based on the results of ROC analysis, we determined that the WWI cut-off point used to identify NAFLD was 9.7675 in men and 9.9987 in women. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to establish a positive correlation between WWI and NAFLD. Moreover, assessing the influence of WWI on NAFLD in individuals without obesity may yield more valuable insights compared to those who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Yu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiming He
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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9
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Calixto-Tlacomulco S, Luna-Reyes I, Delgado-Coello B, Gutiérrez-Vidal R, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Mas-Oliva J. CETP-derived Peptide Seq-1, the Key Component of HB-ATV-8 Vaccine Prevents Stress Responses, and Promotes Downregulation of Pro-Fibrotic Genes in Hepatocytes and Stellate Cells. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102937. [PMID: 38301446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 has emerged as a promising approach for NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and atherosclerosis prevention. HB-ATV-8 contains peptide seq-1 derived from the carboxy-end of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), shown to reduce liver fibrosis, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in animal models. Beyond the fact that this vaccine induces B-cell lymphocytes to code for antibodies against the seq-1 sequence, inhibiting CETP's cholesterol transfer activity, we have hypothesized that beyond the modulation of CETP activity carried out by neutralizing antibodies, the observed molecular effects may also correspond to the direct action of peptide seq-1 on diverse cellular systems and molecular features involved in the development of liver fibrosis. METHODS The HepG2 hepatoma-derived cell line was employed to establish an in vitro steatosis model. To obtain a conditioned cell medium to be used with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cultures, HepG2 cells were exposed to fatty acids or fatty acids plus peptide seq-1, and the culture medium was collected. Gene regulation of COL1A1, ACTA2, TGF-β, and the expression of proteins COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 were studied. AIM To establish an in vitro steatosis model employing HepG2 cells that mimics molecular processes observed in vivo during the onset of liver fibrosis. To evaluate the effect of peptide Seq-1 on lipid accumulation and pro-fibrotic responses. To study the effect of Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-fibrotic responses in HSC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Peptide seq-1-treated HepG2 cells show a downregulation of COLIA1, ACTA2, and TGF-β genes, and a decreased expression of proteins such as COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2, associated with the remodeling of extracellular matrix components. The same results are observed when HSCs are incubated with peptide Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants. The present study consolidates the nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 as a new prospect in the treatment of NASH directly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Luna-Reyes
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Gutiérrez-Vidal
- Researchers Program for Mexico CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Cinvestav Unidad Monterey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Di Giulio F, Castellini C, Tienforti D, Felzani G, Baroni MG, Barbonetti A. Independent association of hypovitaminosis d with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with chronic spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:79-89. [PMID: 37273143 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypovitaminosis D are highly prevalent in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and could exert an unfavorable influence on cardiovascular profile and rehabilitation outcomes. We aimed to assess the independent association between low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and NAFLD in people with chronic (> 1 year) SCI. METHODS One hundred seventy-three consecutive patients with chronic SCI (132 men and 41 women) admitted to a rehabilitation program underwent clinical/biochemical evaluations and liver ultrasonography. RESULTS NAFLD was found in 105 patients (60.7% of the study population). They were significantly older and exhibited a poorer leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and functional independence in activities of daily living, a greater number of comorbidities and a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its correlates, including lower HDL and higher values of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, HOMA-index of insulin resistance and triglycerides. 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in NAFLD (median: 10.6 ng/ml, range: 2.0-31.0) than in non-NAFLD group (22.5 ng/ml, 4.2-51.6). When all these variables were included in a multiple logistic regression analysis, a significant independent association with NAFLD only persisted for lower 25(OH)D levels, a greater number of comorbidities and a poorer LTPA. The ROC analysis revealed that 25(OH)D levels < 18.25 ng/ml discriminated patients with NAFLD with a sensitivity of 89.0% and a specificity of 73.0% (AUC: 85.7%; 95%CI: 79.6-91.7%). NAFLD was exhibited by 83.9% of patients with 25(OH)D levels < 18.25 ng/ml and by 18% of those with 25(OH)D levels ≥ 18.25 ng/ml (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In people with chronic SCI, 25(OH)D levels < 18.25 ng/ml may represent a marker of NAFLD independent of MetS-related features. Further studies are warranted to define the cause-effect relationships of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Giulio
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Castellini
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Tienforti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Felzani
- Spinal Unit, San Raffaele Sulmona Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | - M G Baroni
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A Barbonetti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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11
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Millán-Rodríguez C, Castelló CP, Caballero-Valderrama MDR, Esquivias GB. Clinical Management of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and the Role of the Cardiologist. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e64. [PMID: 38213666 PMCID: PMC10782421 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions that increase risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The diagnosis and clinical management of NAFLD remain a challenge for cardiologists. Our group performed a systematic review in PubMed of the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, identifying 35 relevant articles. NAFLD is likely to be the liver's expression of metabolic syndrome and increases the risk of several cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure and electrical disorders, and chronic kidney disease. Echocardiography is a useful tool to check early subclinical abnormalities in heart structure and function linked to NAFLD progression, such as cardiac diastolic impairment or epicardial fat thickness. Currently, NAFLD is predominantly managed by lifestyle changes with the aim of weight loss, based on the Mediterranean diet and intense exercise training. Despite the lack of approved drugs for NAFLD, new potential treatments, mainly glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, could change cardiologists' approach to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Barón Esquivias
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen del RocíoSeville, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville – IBiS, University of Seville/ University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/ Spanish National Research CouncilSeville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biomedicina en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV)Madrid, Spain
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12
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Feng WW, Bang S, Takacs EM, Day C, Crawford KJ, Al-Sheyab R, Almufarrej DB, Wells W, Ilchenko S, Kasumov T, Kon N, Novak CM, Gu W, Kurokawa M. Hepatic Huwe1 loss protects mice from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through lipid metabolic rewiring. iScience 2023; 26:108405. [PMID: 38047073 PMCID: PMC10692727 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most pervasive liver pathology worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin E3 ligase Huwe1 is vital in NAFLD pathogenesis. Using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, we reveal that liver-specific deletion of Huwe1 (Huwe1LKO) in 1-year-old mice (approximately middle age in humans) elicits extensive lipid metabolic reprogramming that involves downregulation of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake, upregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation, and increased oxidative phosphorylation. ChEA transcription factor prediction analysis inferred these changes result from attenuated PPARɑ, LXR, and RXR activity in Huwe1LKO livers. Consequently, Huwe1LKO mice fed chow diet exhibited significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and superior glucose tolerance compared to wild-type mice. Huwe1LKO also conferred protection from high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by 6-months of age, with increasingly robust differences observed as mice reached middle age. Together, we present evidence that Huwe1 plays a critical role in the development of age- and diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Feng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Scott Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Eric M. Takacs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Cora Day
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | | | - Ruba Al-Sheyab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Dara B. Almufarrej
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Wendy Wells
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Ning Kon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Colleen M. Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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13
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Garg UK, Mathur N, Sahlot R, Tiwari P, Sharma B, Saxena A, Jainaw RK, Agarwal L, Gupta S, Mathur SK. Abdominal fat depots and their association with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295492. [PMID: 38064530 PMCID: PMC10707599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian-Indians show thin fat phenotype, characterized by predominantly central deposition of excess fat. The roles of abdominal subcutaneous fat (SAT), intra-peritoneal adipose tissue, and fat depots surrounding the vital organs (IPAT-SV) and liver fat in insulin resistance (IR), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population are sparsely investigated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Assessment of liver fat, SAT and IPAT-SV by MRI in subjects with T2D and MetS; and to investigate its correlation with IR, specifically according to different quartiles of HOMA-IR. METHODS Eighty T2D and the equal number of age sex-matched normal glucose tolerant controls participated in this study. Abdominal SAT, IPAT-SV and liver fat were measured using MRI. IR was estimated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS T2D and MetS subjects have higher quantity liver fat and IPAT-SV fat than controls (P = 9 x 10-4 and 4 x 10-4 for T2D and 10-4 and 9 x 10-3 for MetS subjects respectively). MetS subjects also have higher SAT fat mass (P = 0.012), but not the BMI adjusted SAT fat mass (P = 0.48). Higher quartiles of HOMA-IR were associated with higher BMI, W:H ratio, waist circumference, and higher liver fat mass (ANOVA Test P = 0.020, 0.030, 2 x 10-6 and 3 x 10-3 respectively with F-values 3.35, 3.04, 8.82, 4.47 respectively). In T2D and MetS subjects, HOMA-IR showed a moderately strong correlation with liver fat (r = 0.467, P < 3 x 10-5 and r = 0.493, P < 10-7), but not with SAT fat and IPAT-SV. However, in MetS subjects IPAT-SV fat mass showed borderline correlation with IR (r = 0.241, P < 0.05), but not with the BMI adjusted IPAT-SV fat mass (r = 0.13, P = 0.26). In non-T2D and non-MetS subjects, no such correlation was seen. On analyzing the correlation between the three abdominal adipose compartment fat masses and IR according to its severity, the correlation with liver fat mass becomes stronger with increasing quartiles of HOMA-IR, and the strongest correlation is seen in the highest quartile (r = 0.59, P < 10-3). On the other hand, SAT fat mass tended to show an inverse relation with IR with borderline negative correlation in the highest quartile (r = -0.284, P < 0.05). IPAT-SV fat mass did not show any statistically significant correlation with HOMA-IR, but in the highest quartile it showed borderline, but statistically insignificant positive correlation (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION In individuals suffering from T2D and MetS, IR shows a trend towards positive and borderline negative correlation with liver fat and SAT fat masses respectively. The positive trend with liver fat tends to become stronger with increasing quartile of IR. Therefore, these findings support the theory that possibly exhaustion of protective compartment's capacity to store excess fat results in its pathological deposition in liver as ectopic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Nitish Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Rahul Sahlot
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Pradeep Tiwari
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Balram Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Raj Kamal Jainaw
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Laxman Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Shalu Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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14
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mediates the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension. Liver Int 2023; 43:2167-2176. [PMID: 37312639 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been consistently shown that obesity contributes directly to arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of other risk factors. Likewise, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is acknowledged as a contributor and a risk enhancer for CVD. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis of a causal role of NAFLD in the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension. METHODS Using causal mediation analysis, we quantified the magnitude of the body mass index (BMI) effect on arterial hypertension and CV-traits mediated by NAFLD. First, we analysed data from 1348 young adults in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS), a cohort aimed at assessing the natural history of CVD. Then, we used data from 3359 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018 cycle, NHANES) to replicate the findings. RESULTS We found that roughly 92% of the effects of BMI on arterial hypertension in the BHS and 51% in the NHANES population are mediated by NAFLD. In addition, indirect effects of BMI on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) through NAFLD explained up to 91%, 93%, and 100% of the total effect, respectively, in the BHS. In the NHANES survey, indirect effects of BMI through NAFLD on CV traits explain a significant proportion of the total effects (SBP = 60.4%, HR = 100%, and pulse pressure = 88%). CONCLUSION NAFLD mediates a substantial proportion of the effect of obesity on the presence of hypertension and CV-parameters independently of relevant covariates. This conclusion has implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Robea MA, Balmus IM, Girleanu I, Huiban L, Muzica C, Ciobica A, Stanciu C, Cimpoesu CD, Trifan A. Coagulation Dysfunctions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Relevance. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1614. [PMID: 37763733 PMCID: PMC10535217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Its incidence is progressively rising and it is possibly becoming a worldwide epidemic. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of diseases accounting for the chronic accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes due to various causes, excluding excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we aimed to focus on finding evidence regarding the implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that form the multifaceted pathophysiological tableau in relation to thrombotic events that co-occur in NAFLD and associated chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence on the pathophysiology of NAFLD suggests that a complex pattern of multidirectional components, such as prooxidative, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic components, better explains the multiple factors that promote the mechanisms underlying the fatty acid excess and subsequent processes. As there is extensive evidence on the multi-component nature of NAFLD pathophysiology, further studies could address the complex interactions that underlie the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms connecting the molecular impairments with the various clinical manifestations, focusing especially on the interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulation dysfunctions. Thus, we described the possible bidirectional modulation among coagulation homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation that occurs in the various stages of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Robea
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Girleanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Muzica
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Diana Cimpoesu
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency County Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Blvd. Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Trifan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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Yu X, Sun F, Ming J, Liang S, Zhang W, Wang L, Li Q, Xu Q, Wang L, Shi L, Gao B, Ji Q. Serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a promising marker for identifying metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic Chinese men. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:741-749. [PMID: 37750609 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2263372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in nondiabetic individuals. METHODS A total of 15,760 nondiabetic participants were screened from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between the components of MetS and UHR, HDL-C, and UA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the ability of UHR, HDL-C, and UA to identify MetS in the nondiabetic population. RESULTS A total of 6,386 men and 9,374 women were enrolled in this study. There were 1,480 (23.2%) men and 1,828 (19.5%) women with MetS. UHR significantly correlated with the components of MetS in men and women, especially with waist circumference and triglyceride. In men, although HDL-C showed a higher specificity index, UHR presented higher sensitivity index and area under the curve (AUC) than HDL-C (P = 0.0001) and UA (P < 0.0001), with AUC (95% CI) of 0.762 (0.752-0.773). Higher AUCs of UHR relative to HDL-C and UA were also observed in the age groups <40 and 40-59 years. There was no significant difference in AUC between UHR and HDL-C in the age group ≥60 years (P = 0.370). However, similar results were not observed in women. CONCLUSION UHR significantly correlated with the components of MetS and could serve as a novel and reliable marker for identifying the population at a high risk of MetS in nondiabetic men, especially in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoyue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Medical Service Training Base, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Chiu KL, Chen YD, Wang ST, Chang TH, Wu JL, Shih CM, Yu CS. Exploring the Potential Performance of Fibroscan for Predicting and Evaluating Metabolic Syndrome using a Feature Selected Strategy of Machine Learning. Metabolites 2023; 13:822. [PMID: 37512529 PMCID: PMC10383149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes several conditions that can increase an individual's predisposition to high-risk cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant cause of cirrhosis, which is a global indicator of liver transplantation and is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS. FibroScan® provides an accurate and non-invasive method for assessing liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, via a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM or E) scores and has been widely used in current clinical practice. Several machine learning (ML) models with a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm were applied to evaluate the importance of the CAP score. Analysis by ANOVA revealed that five symptoms at different CAP and E score levels were significant. All eight ML models had accuracy scores > 0.9, while treebags and random forest had the best kappa values (0.6439 and 0.6533, respectively). The CAP score was the most important variable in the seven ML models. Machine learning models with RFE demonstrated that using the CAP score to identify patients with MetS may be feasible. Thus, a combination of CAP scores and other significant biomarkers could be used for early detection in predicting MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chiu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Da Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Te Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jenny L Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Yu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235603, Taiwan
- Clinical Data Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106339, Taiwan
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18
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De Villers-Lacasse A, Paquette M, Baass A, Bernard S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chylomicronemia syndromes. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:475-482. [PMID: 37258405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chylomicronemia syndrome is a form of severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) caused by the familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with components of the metabolic syndrome and is more prevalent in subjects with elevated triglycerides. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to compare the prevalence of hepatic steatosis assessed by conventional imaging between HTG groups (FSC, MCS and moderate HTG (mHTG)). The secondary objective was to determine the difference in the prevalence of liver fibrosis. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was performed on adult patients from the lipid clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM). We retrospectively reviewed the imaging reports available in the patients' files for signs of NAFLD. We also used the FIB-4 index as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis. RESULTS We reviewed the medical files of 300 patients; 22 with FCS, 82 with MCS and 196 with mHTG. There was significantly more hepatic steatosis in the MCS group compared to the mHTG and FCS groups (79%, 66% and 43% respectively p=0.02). There was a significantly higher prevalence of subjects within the "unlikely fibrosis" category in the mHTG group (91%) compared to the MCS (84%) and FCS groups (59%), p=0.0004. CONCLUSION We found that the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 3-, 2.5-, and 2-fold higher in MCS, mHTG and FCS patients than in the general population. This suggests that patients with elevated triglycerides, regardless of the underlying etiology, are at higher risk of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane De Villers-Lacasse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Montreal, Montreal (Québec, Canada)
| | - Martine Paquette
- Genetic Dyslipidemias Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal (Québec, Canada)
| | - Alexis Baass
- Genetic Dyslipidemias Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal (Québec, Canada); Department of Medicine, Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal (Québec, Canada)
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Montreal, Montreal (Québec, Canada); Genetic Dyslipidemias Clinic of the Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal (Québec, Canada); Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, (Québec, Canada).
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Laupsa-Borge J, Grytten E, Bohov P, Bjørndal B, Strand E, Skorve J, Nordrehaug JE, Berge RK, Rostrup E, Mellgren G, Dankel SN, Nygård OK. Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1020678. [PMID: 37404855 PMCID: PMC10315503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1020678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical studies on effects of marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the plant-derived omega-6 (n-6) PUFA linoleic acid (LA) on lipoprotein-lipid components and glucose-insulin homeostasis have shown conflicting results, which may partly be explained by differential responses in females and males. However, we have lacked data on sexual dimorphism in the response of cardiometabolic risk markers following increased consumption of n-3 or n-6 PUFAs. Objective To explore sex-specific responses after n-3 (EPA + DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFA supplementation on circulating lipoprotein subfractions, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acids in red blood cell membranes, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity among people with abdominal obesity. Methods This was a randomized double-blind crossover study with two 7-week intervention periods separated by a 9-week washout phase. Females (n = 16) were supplemented with 3 g/d of EPA + DHA (fish oil) or 15 g/d of LA (safflower oil), while males (n = 23) received a dose of 4 g/d of EPA + DHA or 20 g/d of LA. In fasting blood samples, we measured lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acid profiles, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity. Results The between-sex difference in relative change scores was significant after n-3 for total high-density lipoproteins (females/males: -11%*/-3.3%, p = 0.036; *: significant within-sex change), high-density lipoprotein particle size (+2.1%*/-0.1%, p = 0.045), and arachidonic acid (-8.3%*/-12%*, p = 0.012), and after n-6 for total (+37%*/+2.1%, p = 0.041) and small very-low-density lipoproteins (+97%*/+14%, p = 0.021), and lipoprotein (a) (-16%*/+0.1%, p = 0.028). Circulating markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis differed significantly after n-3 for glucose (females/males: -2.1%/+3.9%*, p = 0.029), insulin (-31%*/+16%, p < 0.001), insulin C-peptide (-12%*/+13%*, p = 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index 2 (-12%*/+14%*, p = 0.001) and insulin sensitivity index 2 (+14%*/-12%*, p = 0.001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+4.9%*/-3.4%*, p < 0.001). Conclusion We found sex-specific responses after high-dose n-3 (but not n-6) supplementation in circulating markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity, which improved in females but worsened in males. This may partly be related to the sex differences we observed in several components of the lipoprotein-lipid profile following the n-3 intervention. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [NCT02647333].
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Laupsa-Borge
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise Grytten
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pavol Bohov
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Espen Rostrup
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N. Dankel
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar K. Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Basha A, May SC, Anderson RM, Samala N, Mirmira RG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Translating Disease Mechanisms into Therapeutics Using Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9996. [PMID: 37373143 PMCID: PMC10298283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a range of pathologies arising from fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of excess alcohol use or other causes of liver disease. Its complications include cirrhosis and liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and eventual death. NAFLD is the most common cause of liver disease globally and is estimated to affect nearly one-third of individuals in the United States. Despite knowledge that the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD are increasing, the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression to cirrhosis remain insufficiently understood. The molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD involves insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Better insight into these molecular pathways would allow for therapies that target specific stages of NAFLD. Preclinical animal models have aided in defining these mechanisms and have served as platforms for screening and testing of potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms thought to contribute to NAFLD, with a focus on the role of animal models in elucidating these mechanisms and in developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Basha
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryan M. Anderson
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Niharika Samala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Ștefănescu G, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Current Background, Hopes, and Perspectives. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050581. [PMID: 37233622 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, reaching one of the highest prevalences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For now, no specific pharmacologic therapies are approved to prevent or treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are currently evaluated as potential candidates for NAFLD treatment in patients with T2DM. Some representatives of this class of antihyperglycemic agents emerged as potentially beneficial in patients with NAFLD after several research studies suggested they reduce hepatic steatosis, ameliorate lesions of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or delay the progression of fibrosis in this population. The aim of this review is to summarize the body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of GLP-1RA therapy in the management of T2DM complicated with NAFLD, describing the studies that evaluated the effects of these glucose-lowering agents in fatty liver disease and fibrosis, their possible mechanistic justification, current evidence-based recommendations, and the next steps to be developed in the field of pharmacological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Sf. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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Matuszewska A, Kowalski K, Jawień P, Tomkalski T, Gaweł-Dąbrowska D, Merwid-Ląd A, Szeląg E, Błaszczak K, Wiatrak B, Danielewski M, Piasny J, Szeląg A. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6492. [PMID: 37047464 PMCID: PMC10094807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomkalski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Tadeusz Marciniak Lower Silesia Specialist Hospital–Centre for Medical Emergency, A.E. Fieldorfa 2, 54-049 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Gaweł-Dąbrowska
- Department of Population Health, Division of Public Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szeląg
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Błaszczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Piasny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mollet IG, Macedo MP. Pre-Diabetes-Linked miRNA miR-193b-3p Targets PPARGC1A, Disrupts Metabolic Gene Expression Profile and Increases Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes: Relevance for MAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043875. [PMID: 36835287 PMCID: PMC9965679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct plasma microRNA profiles associate with different disease features and could be used to personalize diagnostics. Elevated plasma microRNA hsa-miR-193b-3p has been reported in patients with pre-diabetes where early asymptomatic liver dysmetabolism plays a crucial role. In this study, we propose the hypothesis that elevated plasma hsa-miR-193b-3p conditions hepatocyte metabolic functions contributing to fatty liver disease. We show that hsa-miR-193b-3p specifically targets the mRNA of its predicted target PPARGC1A/PGC1α and consistently reduces its expression in both normal and hyperglycemic conditions. PPARGC1A/PGC1α is a central co-activator of transcriptional cascades that regulate several interconnected pathways, including mitochondrial function together with glucose and lipid metabolism. Profiling gene expression of a metabolic panel in response to overexpression of microRNA hsa-miR-193b-3p revealed significant changes in the cellular metabolic gene expression profile, including lower expression of MTTP, MLXIPL/ChREBP, CD36, YWHAZ and GPT, and higher expression of LDLR, ACOX1, TRIB1 and PC. Overexpression of hsa-miR-193b-3p under hyperglycemia also resulted in excess accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in HepG2 cells. This study supports further research into potential use of microRNA hsa-miR-193b-3p as a possible clinically relevant plasma biomarker for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in dysglycemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Guerra Mollet
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2825-149 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.G.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, Education Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.G.M.); (M.P.M.)
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Serum from Adolescents with High Polyphenol Intake Exhibits Improved Lipid Profile and Prevents Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Human Liver Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1555942. [PMID: 36814955 PMCID: PMC9940959 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1555942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is characterized by a high phenolic-rich food intake, including in particular vegetables and fruits, but also legumes, whole grain cereals, nuts, and extra virgin olive oil. Evidence for beneficial effects of polyphenols in humans depends on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. Here, we evaluated the association between the estimated polyphenol intake by fruits and vegetables food source and serum biochemical parameters in healthy adolescents, recruited into the DIMENU research project. Categorizing adolescents into three groups according to their estimated total polyphenol intake, we found that adolescents who declared high consumption of polyphenols had a higher adherence to the MD and had a better serum lipid profile than adolescents consuming low amounts of polyphenols. Moreover, using human HepG2 liver cells treated with oleic acid as an in vitro model for studying lipid accumulation, we showed that intracellular lipid accumulation is alleviated by serum from adolescents consuming a polyphenol-rich diet following MD recommendations. Our data underline the importance of promoting adherence to the typical MD foods as a superior strategy to prevent metabolic and chronic diseases and to ensure a better quality of life among adolescents.
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25
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Lanthier N, Lebrun V, Molendi-Coste O, van Rooijen N, Leclercq IA. Liver Fetuin-A at Initiation of Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2022; 12:1023. [PMID: 36355106 PMCID: PMC9693222 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatokines (liver secreted proteins with possible distant action) are emerging potential players in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Here, we explored the effect of a high-fat diet on the expression of fetuin-A, one of those candidate liver proteins, and its relationship with liver macrophage activation. Mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet for 3 days, known to initiate steatosis and liver insulin resistance. A preventive liver macrophage depletion was obtained by intravenous injection of clodronate-loaded liposomes. The mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A was evaluated by qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence on different insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, adipose tissue, and muscle). Short-term high-fat diet-induced steatosis, liver macrophage activation, and hepatic insulin resistance together with a significantly increased expression of liver AHSG (α2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin-A) mRNA and serum fetuin-A concentration. On immunofluorescence, fetuin-A was mostly expressed in centrilobular hepatocytes. This increase in fetuin-A under high-fat diet was not evidenced in other peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue). The mRNA expression of α2-HS glycoprotein was 800 times higher within the liver compared with the adipose tissue or the muscle. Liver macrophage depletion that significantly ameliorated insulin sensitivity was associated with a significant decrease in α2-HS glycoprotein mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated liver fetuin-A overexpression at the initiation of high-fat diet feeding, concurrent with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Targeting liver macrophages in this setting reduced liver α2-HS glycoprotein expression suggesting that fetuin-A acts as an hepatokine with proinsulin resistance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lanthier
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Lebrun
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Banach M, Ruscica M, Sahebkar A. The role of PCSK9 in NAFLD/NASH and therapeutic implications of PCSK9 inhibition. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1199-1208. [PMID: 36193738 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2132229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are inconsistent findings regarding the effect of lipid-lowering agents on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important player in cholesterol homeostasis and intracellular lipogenesis, and PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) have been found to be efficient for pharmacological management of hyperlipidemia. AREAS COVERED Whether PCSK9 (itself) or PCSK9-i affects NAFLD is still disputed. To address this question, we review published preclinical and clinical studies providing evidence for the role of PCSK9 in and the effect of PCSK9-I on the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION The current evidence from a landscape of preclinical and clinical studies examining the role of PCSK9 in NAFLD shows controversial results. Preclinical studies indicate that PCSK9 associates with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression in opposite directions. In humans, it has been concluded that the severity of hepatic steatosis affects the correlation between circulating PCSK9 and liver fat content in humans, with a possible impact of circulating PCSK9 in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in the late stages. However, data from clinical trials with PCSK9-i reassure to the safety of these agents, although real-life long-term evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1189. [PMID: 36013368 PMCID: PMC9410285 DOI: 10.3390/life12081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome and is the most prevalent liver disease. NAFLD is associated with liver-related and extrahepatic morbi-mortality. Among extrahepatic complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. The most frequent clinical expression of CVD is the coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological data support a link between CAD and NAFLD, underlain by pathogenic factors, such as the exacerbation of insulin resistance, genetic phenotype, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators, and gut microbiota. A thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk and identification of all forms of CVD, especially CAD, are needed in all patients with NAFLD regardless of their metabolic status. Therefore, this narrative review aims to examine the available data on CAD seen in patients with NAFLD, to outline the main directions undertaken by the CVD risk assessment and the multiple putative underlying mechanisms implicated in the relationship between CAD and NAFLD, and to raise awareness about this underestimated association between two major, frequent and severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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28
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Pham TH, Lee GH, Jin SW, Lee SY, Han EH, Kim ND, Jeong HG. Puerarin attenuates hepatic steatosis via G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor‐mediated calcium and
SIRT1
signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3601-3618. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
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29
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Rieger TR, Allen RJ, Musante CJ. A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of Liver Lipid Metabolism for Investigation of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910789. [PMID: 35928268 PMCID: PMC9343875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a metabolic and inflammatory disease that afflicts many people worldwide and presently has few treatment options. To enhance the preclinical to clinical translation and the design of early clinical trials for novel therapeutics, we developed a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology model of human hepatocyte lipid metabolism. The intended application of the model is for simulating anti-steatotic therapies for reversing fatty liver. We parameterized the model using literature data from humans with both normal and elevated liver fat. We assessed that the model construct was sufficient to generate a virtual population of NAFLD patients that matched relevant statistics of a published clinical cohort, and then validated the model response to treatment by simulating pioglitazone and diet intervention in the virtual population. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the best points of intervention for reducing hepatic steatosis. Analysis of the model suggests the most potent method for reducing hepatic steatosis is by limiting non-esterified fatty acid flux from the adipose to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R. Rieger
- Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States
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30
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Co-activating the AMPK signaling axis by low molecular weight fucoidan LF2 and fucoxanthin improves the HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Ru L, Wang XM, Niu JQ. The miR-23-27-24 cluster: an emerging target in NAFLD pathogenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1167-1179. [PMID: 34893685 PMCID: PMC9061717 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, being the most widespread form of chronic liver disease in the west. NAFLD includes a variety of disease states, the mildest being non-alcoholic fatty liver that gradually progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Small non-coding single-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the miRNA or translational level. Numerous miRNAs have been shown to promote NAFLD pathogenesis and progression through increasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. The miR-23-27-24 clusters, composed of miR-23a-27a-24-2 and miR-23b-27b-24-1, have been implicated in various biological processes as well as many diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge on miR-27, miR-24, and miR-23 in NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss their potential significance in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ru
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jun-qi Niu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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32
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Gao D, Jiao J, Wang Z, Huang X, Ni X, Fang S, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Sun L, Yang Z, Yuan H. The roles of cell-cell and organ-organ crosstalk in the type 2 diabetes mellitus associated inflammatory microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:15-25. [PMID: 35459618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a classic metaflammatory disease, and the inflammatory states of the pancreatic islet and insulin target organs have been well confirmed. However, abundant evidence demonstrates that there are countless connections between these organs in the presence of a low degree of inflammation. In this review, we focus on cell-cell crosstalk among local cells in the islet and organ-organ crosstalk among insulin-related organs. In contrast to that in acute inflammation, macrophages are the dominant immune cells causing inflammation in the islets and insulin target organs in T2DM. In the inflammatory microenvironment (IME) of the islet, cell-cell crosstalk involving local macrophage polarization and proinflammatory cytokine production impair insulin secretion by β-cells. Furthermore, organ-organ crosstalk, including the gut-brain-pancreas axis and interactions among insulin-related organs during inflammation, reduces insulin sensitivity and induces endocrine dysfunction. Therefore, this crosstalk ultimately results in a cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction. These findings could have broad implications for therapies aimed at treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Seventh Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Sihang Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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33
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Paquette M, Bernard S. The Evolving Story of Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886266. [PMID: 35498015 PMCID: PMC9046927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS or type V hyperlipoproteinemia) is the most frequent cause of severe hypertriglyceridemia and is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The estimated prevalence of MCS in the North American population is 1:600–1:250 and is increasing due to the increasing prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Differentiating between familial chylomicronemia syndrome and MCS is crucial due to their very different treatments. In recent years, several cohort studies have helped to differentiate these two conditions, and recent evidence suggests that MCS itself is a heterogeneous condition. This mini-review will summarize recent literature on MCS, with a specific focus on the genetic determinants of the metabolic risk and the latest developments concerning the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for these patients. Possible research directions in this field will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Paquette
- Genetic Dyslipidemias Clinic, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Genetic Dyslipidemias Clinic, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sophie Bernard
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34
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Serdarova M, Dimova R, Chakarova N, Grozeva G, Todorova A, Tsarkova P, Marinova C, Popov D, Mateva L, Tankova T. Metabolic determinants of NAFLD in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109819. [PMID: 35248654 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the main metabolic determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS 115 patients with T1D were divided into 4 groups according to NAFLD grade. NAFLD was diagnosed via transient elastography when CAP > 233 dB/m. Body composition was evaluated by Inbody720, Biospace. Serum lipids, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, hsCRP and HbA1c were evaluated at fasting. RESULTS The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 47% (n = 54). In the subgroup with BMI > 25 kg/m2 NAFLD prevalence was 66%; and positive family history of type 2 diabetes brought the risk up to 76%. 37% of the lean individuals also had NAFLD. HbA1c > 7% doubled the risk of NAFLD. Waist circumference > 82.5 cm was independently related to NAFLD, accounting for 24% of its variation in females. Accumulation of two and three metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, besides hyperglycemia, increased the risk of NAFLD by 14% (p < 0.0001) and 6% (p = 0.024), respectively. Lean NAFLD correlated with total insulin dose; NAFLD in overweight T1D patients correlated with triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is highly prevalent in adults with T1D and obesity or other metabolic derangements and might be independently related to poor long-term glycemic control and waist circumference in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdarova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - R Dimova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Chakarova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Grozeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Todorova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P Tsarkova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Marinova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D Popov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L Mateva
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Tankova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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35
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Yong JN, Ng CH, Lee CWM, Chan YY, Tang ASP, Teng M, Tan DJH, Lim WH, Quek J, Xiao J, Chin YH, Foo R, Chan M, Lin W, Noureddin M, Siddiqui MS, Muthiah MD, Sanyal A, Chew NWS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease association with structural heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:269-281. [PMID: 35320497 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have documented a relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and structural heart disease, particularly diastolic function. This meta-analysis will be the first to examine the echocardiographic-derived cardiac function and structural characteristics in NAFLD patients, and its association with liver disease severity and metabolic profile. METHODS Medline and Embase were searched and pairwise meta-analysis was conducted in DerSimonian and Laird to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively, to compare the effects of NAFLD on the echocardiography parameters. RESULTS Forty-one articles involving 33,891 patients underwent echocardiography. NAFLD patients had worse systolic indices with lower ejection fraction (EF, MD: - 0.693; 95% CI: - 1.112 to - 0.274; p = 0.001), and worse diastolic indices with higher E/e' (MD: 1.575; 95% CI: 0.924 to 2.227; p < 0.001) compared to non-NAFLD patients. NAFLD patients displayed increased left ventricular mass (LVM, MD: 34.484; 95% CI: 26.236 to 42.732; p < 0.001) and epicardial adipose thickness (EAT, MD: 0.1343; 95% CI: 0.055 to 0.214; p = 0.001). An increased severity of NAFLD was associated with worse diastolic indices (decreased E/A ratio, p = 0.007), but not with systolic indices. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function with changes in cardiac structure. Concomitant metabolic risk factors and liver disease severity are independently associated with worsening systolic and diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chloe Wen-Min Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yi Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ansel Shao Pin Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Margaret Teng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingxuan Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieling Xiao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mark Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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Kim JH, Kim KM, Yang JH, Cho SS, Lee JH, Ki SH. Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 Protects Hepatocytes Against Palmitate-induced Lipotoxicity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Overweight, Obesity, and CVD Risk: a Focus on Visceral/Ectopic Fat. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:185-195. [PMID: 35235165 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite its prevalence and well-documented impact on population health, obesity has not emerged as a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease after control for intermediate risk factors. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to highlight results from imaging studies that have not only documented the remarkable heterogeneity of body fat topography but also the importance of visceral adiposity as a key body fat depot associated with cardiovascular disease risk and type 2 diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Simple tools are also discussed in order to refine cardiometabolic risk assessment in persons with overweight/obesity. It is proposed that four lifestyle vital signs should be considered in clinical practice to improve discrimination of health risk in individuals with overweight/obesity: waist circumference as a simple marker of abdominal adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, overall diet quality, and level of reported physical activity. Heterogeneity of obesity is proposed as an example of a condition that would benefit from a precision lifestyle medicine approach.
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Simvastatin Improves Microcirculatory Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Downregulates Oxidative and ALE-RAGE Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030716. [PMID: 35277075 PMCID: PMC8838100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis, which contribute to tissue damage and development and progression of nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), play important roles in microcirculatory disorders. We investigated the effect of the modulatory properties of simvastatin (SV) on the liver and adipose tissue microcirculation as well as metabolic and oxidative stress parameters, including the advanced lipoxidation end product–receptors of advanced glycation end products (ALE-RAGE) pathway. SV was administered to an NAFLD model constructed using a high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet (HFHC). HFHC caused metabolic changes indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; treatment with SV protected the mice from developing NAFLD. SV prevented microcirculatory dysfunction in HFHC-fed mice, as evidenced by decreased leukocyte recruitment to hepatic and fat microcirculation, decreased hepatic stellate cell activation, and improved hepatic capillary network architecture and density. SV restored basal microvascular blood flow in the liver and adipose tissue and restored the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response of adipose tissue to acetylcholine. SV treatment restored antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased lipid peroxidation, ALE-RAGE pathway activation, steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory parameters. Thus, SV may improve microcirculatory function in NAFLD by downregulating oxidative and ALE-RAGE stress and improving steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory parameters.
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Ren J, Wang X, Yee C, Gorrell MD, McLennan SV, Twigg SM. Sitagliptin Is More Effective Than Gliclazide in Preventing Pro-Fibrotic and Pro-Inflammatory Changes in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030727. [PMID: 35163991 PMCID: PMC8838637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model causing obesity in rodents was used to examine whether sitagliptin and gliclazide therapies have similar protective effects on pathological liver change. Methods: Male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow (Chow) ad libitum for 25 weeks and randomly allocated to oral sitagliptin or gliclazide treatment for the final 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and circulating insulin were measured. Inflammatory and fibrotic liver markers were assessed by qPCR. The second messenger ERK and autophagy markers were examined by Western immunoblot. F4/80, collagens and CCN2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: At termination, HFD mice were obese, hyperinsulinemic and insulin-resistant but non-diabetic. The DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevented intrahepatic induction of pro-fibrotic markers collagen-IV, collagen-VI, CCN2 and TGF-β1 and pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β more effectively than sulfonylurea gliclazide. By IHC, liver collagen-VI and CCN2 induction by HFD were inhibited only by sitagliptin. Sitagliptin had a greater ability than gliclazide to normalise ERK-protein liver dysregulation. Conclusion: These data indicate that sitagliptin, compared with gliclazide, exhibits greater inhibition of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory changes in an HFD-induced NAFLD model. Sitagliptin therapy, even in the absence of diabetes, may have specific benefits in diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.R.); (X.W.); (C.Y.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.R.); (X.W.); (C.Y.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Christine Yee
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.R.); (X.W.); (C.Y.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia;
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Susan V. McLennan
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.R.); (X.W.); (C.Y.); (S.V.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology (Eastern), Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.R.); (X.W.); (C.Y.); (S.V.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-8627-1890; Fax: +612-8627-1604
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Gijbels A, Schutte S, Esser D, Wopereis S, Gonzales GB, Afman LA. Effects of a 12-week whole-grain or refined wheat intervention on plasma acylcarnitines, bile acids and signaling lipids, and association with liver fat: A post-hoc metabolomics study of a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026213. [PMID: 36330140 PMCID: PMC9624226 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that whole-grain wheat (WGW) consumption had beneficial effects on liver fat accumulation, as compared to refined wheat (RW). The mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of WGW vs. RW consumption on plasma metabolite levels to explore potential underlying mechanisms of the preventive effect of WGW consumption on liver fat accumulation. METHODS Targeted metabolomics of plasma obtained from a concluded 12-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed. Fifty overweight or obese men and women aged 45-70 years with mildly elevated levels of plasma cholesterol were randomized to either 98 g/d of WGW or RW products. Before and after the intervention, a total of 89 fasting plasma metabolite concentrations including acylcarnitines, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), choline, betaine, bile acids, and signaling lipids were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG) were quantified by 1H-MRS, and multiple liver markers, including circulating levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein, were assessed. RESULTS The WGW intervention increased plasma concentrations of four out of 52 signaling lipids-lysophosphatidic acid C18:2, lysophosphatidylethanolamine C18:1 and C18:2, and platelet-activating factor C18:2-and decreased concentrations of the signaling lipid lysophosphatidylglycerol C20:3 as compared to RW intervention, although these results were no longer statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Plasma concentrations of the other metabolites that we quantified were not affected by WGW or RW intervention. Changes in the above-mentioned metabolites were not correlated to change in IHTG upon the intervention. CONCLUSION Plasma acylcarnitines, bile acids, and signaling lipids were not robustly affected by the WGW or RW interventions, which makes them less likely candidates to be directly involved in the mechanisms that underlie the protective effect of WGW consumption or detrimental effect of RW consumption on liver fat accumulation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT02385149].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schutte
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lydia A. Afman,
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Yardeni D, Toledano R, Novack V, Shalev A, Wolak A, Rotman Y, Etzion O. The Association of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels With Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Cardiovascular Morbidity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:10742484221074585. [PMID: 35077243 PMCID: PMC8840806 DOI: 10.1177/10742484221074585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an independent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We utilized a large cohort of patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a surrogate marker for presumed NAFLD, and the presence of myocardial ischemia and mortality. METHODS We retrospectively assessed SPECT-MPI results and medical records of individuals evaluated between 1997 and 2008. We excluded patients with known non-NAFLD liver diseases, ALT values <17 or >340 U/L and absent liver tests. Elevated ALT cases were classified as presumed NAFLD. The primary endpoint was abnormal SPECT-MPI. Secondary endpoints included cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Of 26,034 patients who underwent SPECT-MPI, 11,324 met inclusion criteria. 1635 (14.4%) patients had elevated ALT. SPECT-MPI results did not differ significantly between subjects with elevated ALT and controls. Elevated ALT was associated with increased risk for the composite endpoint of cardiac death or acute myocardial infarction at 5-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.67) and in all-cause mortality (HR 1.27, CI 1.02-1.58) but only in patients with normal SPECT-MPI. CONCLUSIONS The long-term mortality of patients with abnormal SPECT-MPI is not modulated by ALT, likely reflecting an already high risk and established CVD. However, patients with normal SPECT-MPI are at increased risk for a future cardiac event if they have an elevated ALT level, suggesting an important role for NAFLD in earlier stages of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yardeni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronen Toledano
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Aryeh Shalev
- Cardiology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Wolak
- Cardiology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ohad Etzion
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Gagnon E, Pelletier W, Gobeil É, Bourgault J, Manikpurage HD, Maltais-Payette I, Abner E, Taba N, Esko T, Mitchell PL, Ghodsian N, Després JP, Vohl MC, Tchernof A, Thériault S, Arsenault BJ. Mendelian randomization prioritizes abdominal adiposity as an independent causal factor for liver fat accumulation and cardiometabolic diseases. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:130. [PMID: 36249462 PMCID: PMC9561122 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have linked adiposity and especially abdominal adiposity to liver fat accumulation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These traits are also associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease but the causal factor(s) underlying these associations remain unexplored. Methods We used a multivariable Mendelian randomization study design to determine whether body mass index and waist circumference were causally associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics of the UK Biobank (n = 461,460) and of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (8434 cases and 770,180 control). A multivariable Mendelian randomization study design was also used to determine the respective causal contributions of waist circumference and liver fat (n = 32,858) to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Results Using multivariable Mendelian randomization we show that waist circumference increase non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk even when accounting for body mass index (odd ratio per 1-standard deviation increase = 2.35 95% CI = 1.31-4.22, p = 4.2e-03), but body mass index does not increase non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk when accounting for waist circumference (0.86 95% CI = 0.54-1.38, p = 5.4e-01). In multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses accounting for liver fat, waist circumference remains strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes (3.27 95% CI = 2.89-3.69, p = 3.8e-80) and coronary artery disease (1.66 95% CI = 1.54-1.8, p = 3.4e-37). Conclusions These results identify waist circumference as a strong, independent, and causal contributor to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, thereby highlighting the importance of assessing body fat distribution for the prediction and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - William Pelletier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Émilie Gobeil
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jérôme Bourgault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Ina Maltais-Payette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Estonia
| | - Nele Taba
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51,010 Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Estonia
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Nooshin Ghodsian
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada.,Centre NUTRISS, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
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Causative Mechanisms of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Leading to Adult Cardiometabolic Disease: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Ghodsian N, Abner E, Emdin CA, Gobeil É, Taba N, Haas ME, Perrot N, Manikpurage HD, Gagnon É, Bourgault J, St-Amand A, Couture C, Mitchell PL, Bossé Y, Mathieu P, Vohl MC, Tchernof A, Thériault S, Khera AV, Esko T, Arsenault BJ. Electronic health record-based genome-wide meta-analysis provides insights on the genetic architecture of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100437. [PMID: 34841290 PMCID: PMC8606899 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease linked to several chronic diseases. We aimed at identifying genetic variants associated with NAFLD and evaluating their functional consequences. We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis of 4 cohorts of electronic health record-documented NAFLD in participants of European ancestry (8,434 cases and 770,180 controls). We identify 5 potential susceptibility loci for NAFLD (located at or near GCKR, TR1B1, MAU2/TM6SF2, APOE, and PNPLA3). We also report a potentially causal effect of lower LPL expression in adipose tissue on NAFLD susceptibility and an effect of the FTO genotype on NAFLD. Positive genetic correlations between NAFLD and cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors such as body fat accumulation/distribution, lipoprotein-lipid levels, insulin resistance, and coronary artery disease and negative genetic correlations with parental lifespan, socio-economic status, and acetoacetate levels are observed. This large GWAS meta-analysis reveals insights into the genetic architecture of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ghodsian
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Estonia
| | - Connor A. Emdin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Émilie Gobeil
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nele Taba
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Estonia
| | - Mary E. Haas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolas Perrot
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hasanga D. Manikpurage
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Éloi Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Bourgault
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis St-Amand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre NUTRISS, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Estonia
| | - Benoit J. Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Du Y, Yang W, Liu H, Qin C, Tang X, Xu T. Perirenal Fat as a New Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients With Surgically Treated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 20:e75-e80. [PMID: 34802967 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently increasing evidence has suggested that obesity is associated with the development and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between different obesity measurements and overall survival in patients with surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The data of 342 consecutive patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2009 to November 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Median follow-up was 82 months. The association between different obesity measurements and overall survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models. RESULTS In univariate Cox regression analyses, perirenal fat accumulation was significantly associated with overall survival (HR: 2.271; 95% CI: 1.311-3.935; P = .003), as well as age, sex, clinical manifestation, surgical option, tumor size, and grade. The other obesity measurements, including body mass index, waist circumference, total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and percentage of visceral adipose tissue, were not assessed as prognostic indicators of overall survival in this study (P > .05). After adjusting for age, sex, clinical manifestation, surgical option, tumor size, T stage, and tumor grade, perirenal fat accumulation was still identified as an independent predictor of overall survival (HR: 2.264; 95% CI: 1.305-3.926; P == .004). The results of Kaplan-Meier model also revealing that patients with higher percentage of perirenal fat showed poorer overall survival (P == .003). CONCLUSION Higher percentage of perirenal adipose tissue is independently associated with increased mortality risk in surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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Deng Z, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Dietary fibers extracted from Saccharina japonica can improve metabolic syndrome and ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by high fat diet. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Vidal-González D, López-Sánchez GN, Concha-Rebollar LA, Rodríguez-Herrera A, Morales-Ramirez F, Chávez-Tapia N, Uribe M, Nader-Kawachi JA, Nuño-Lámbarri N. Cerebral hemodynamics in the non-alcoholic fatty liver. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:668-673. [PMID: 32683094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cerebral hemodynamics arises from cardiovascular damage mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, arterial wall increased stiffness, high thickness of the intimate index of the internal carotid artery, left ventricular hypertrophy, left diastolic dysfunction, calcification coronary arteries and increased epicardial fat. The multidirectional relationship between systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism constitutes a common and simultaneous mechanism that causes vascular damage. This study aims to provide insight into the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the function of systemic circulation and cerebral circulation using Doppler ultrasound. PATIENTS AND METHODS Is an observational, cross-sectional, prospective, comparative study conducted at Medica Sur Hospital. Thirty-five patients were selected consecutively. The patients consulted neurological service for various symptoms without severity criteria, such as vertigo, primary headache and balance disturbances. RESULTS There is a difference in the variables mean of the right MCA PI (p = 0.023), left MCA PI" (p = 0.004), and left VA PI (p = 0.036) between the control and NAFLD groups. The correlation analysis between these variables and the CAP showed a positive correlation of the three variables with the CAP, "right MCA PI" (r = 0.384), left MCA PI "(r = 0.509) and" left VA PI " (r = 0.551). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a subclinical process of the middle cerebral artery in subjects with NAFLD, which suggests it may be involved in the disease development and points the need to make decisions for this liver manifestation prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Norberto Chávez-Tapia
- Traslational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico; Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico.
| | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico.
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Al-Qudimat A, Al-Zoubi RM, Yassin AA, Alwani M, Aboumarzouk OM, AlRumaihi K, Talib R, Al Ansari A. Testosterone treatment improves liver function and reduces cardiovascular risk: A long-term prospective study. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:376-386. [PMID: 34552789 PMCID: PMC8451678 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1959261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To report the association between testosterone treatment in hypogonadal men with hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A prospective study was conducted to assess the physiological and functional performance of the long-term effects of testosterone undecanoate treatment on hepatic steatosis in 496 hypogonadal men. Two groups were studied, the treatment group (T-group) of 312 patients treated with TU 1000 mg every 12 weeks and followed for 8 years, and an untreated control group (C-group) of 184 patients. We evaluated liver functions and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) according to Mayo Clinic parameters and guidelines. Results: The T-group showed a decrease in the FLI (from a mean [SD] of 83.70 [12.15] to 67.12 [19.21]), bilirubin (from a mean [SD] of 1.69 [4.21] to 1.31 [1.91] mg/dL), triglycerides (from a mean [SD] of 254.87 [92.99] to 213.37 [66.91] mg/dL), and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (from a mean [SD] of 39.45 [11.51] to 29.11 [7.68] U/L) over the duration of the study. Other parameters were also reduced in the T-group such as body mass index (from a mean [SD] of 31.59 [4.51] to 29.50 [3.84] kg/m2) and waist circumference (from a mean [SD] of 107.51 [9.95] to 101.86 [9.28] cm). A total of 25 deaths (7.8%) were recorded in the T-group, among them, 11 (44%) were related to CVD. While in the C-group 28 deaths (15.2%) were recorded and all the reported deaths (100%) were related to CVD. Conclusions: The findings suggest that long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men improves liver function. While, the physiological and functional improvements in the liver may be associated with a decrease in CVD-related mortality. Abbreviations ALT: alanine transaminase; AR: androgen receptor; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FLI: Fatty Liver Index; γ-GT: gamma-glutamyl-transferase; MetS: metabolic syndrome; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; RCT: randomised controlled trial; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; TT: total testosterone; TTh: testosterone therapy; TU: testosterone undecanoate; WC: waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Qudimat
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aksam A Yassin
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mustafa Alwani
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar M Aboumarzouk
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled AlRumaihi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raidh Talib
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al Ansari
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Cerebrovascular alterations in NAFLD: Is it increasing our risk of Alzheimer's disease? Anal Biochem 2021; 636:114387. [PMID: 34537182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease, which has been classified as an emerging epidemic not only confined to liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also becoming apparent that NAFLD is associated with moderate cerebral dysfunction and cognitive decline. A possible link between NAFLD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has only recently been proposed due to the multiple shared genes and pathological mechanisms contributing to the development of these conditions. Although AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains ambiguous and similarly to NAFLD, currently available pharmacological therapies have mostly failed in clinical trials. In addition to the usual suspects (inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier alterations and ageing) that could contribute to the NAFLD-induced development and progression of AD, changes in the vasculature, cerebral perfusion and waste clearance could be the missing link between these two diseases. Here, we review the most recent literature linking NAFLD and AD, focusing on cerebrovascular alterations and the brain's clearance system as risk factors involved in the development and progression of AD, with the aim of promoting further research using neuroimaging techniques and new mechanism-based therapeutic interventions.
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