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Reversible Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation and Thrombus Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012512. [PMID: 36293367 PMCID: PMC9604507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 activation is essential for platelet aggregation and, accordingly, for hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The αIIbβ3 integrin is highly expressed on platelets and requires an activation step for binding to fibrinogen, fibrin or von Willebrand factor (VWF). A current model assumes that the process of integrin activation relies on actomyosin force-dependent molecular changes from a bent-closed and extended-closed to an extended-open conformation. In this paper we review the pathways that point to a functional reversibility of platelet αIIbβ3 activation and transient aggregation. Furthermore, we refer to mouse models indicating that genetic defects that lead to reversible platelet aggregation can also cause instable thrombus formation. We discuss the platelet agonists and signaling pathways that lead to a transient binding of ligands to integrin αIIbβ3. Our analysis points to the (autocrine) ADP P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor signaling via phosphoinositide 3-kinases and Akt as principal pathways linked to reversible integrin activation. Downstream signaling events by protein kinase C, CalDAG-GEFI and Rap1b have not been linked to transient integrin activation. Insight into the functional reversibility of integrin activation pathways will help to better understand the effects of antiplatelet agents.
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. The Predominant Role of Arrestin3 in General GPCR Desensitization in Platelets. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204743. [PMID: 34682866 PMCID: PMC8539091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrestins in concert with GPCR kinases (GRKs) function in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization in various cells. Therefore, we characterized the functional differences of arrestin3 versus arrestin2 in the regulation of GPCR signaling and its desensitization in platelets using mice lacking arrestin3 and arrestin2. In contrast to arrestin2, platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by 2-MeSADP, U46619, thrombin, and AYPGKF were significantly potentiated in arrestin3-deficient platelets compared to wild-type (WT) platelets, while non-GPCR agonist CRP-induced platelet aggregation and secretion were not affected. Surprisingly, in contrast to GRK6, platelet aggregation induced by the co-stimulation of serotonin and epinephrine was significantly potentiated in arrestin3-deficient platelets, suggesting the central role of arrestin3 in general GPCR desensitization in platelets. In addition, the second challenge of ADP and AYPGKF restored platelet aggregation in arrestin3-deficient platelets but failed to do so in WT and arrestin2-deficient platelets, confirming that arrestin3 contributes to GPCR desensitization. Furthermore, ADP- and AYPGKF-induced Akt and ERK phosphorylation were significantly increased in arrestin3-deficient platelets. Finally, we found that arrestin3 is critical for thrombus formation in vivo. In conclusion, arrestin3, not arrestin2, plays a central role in the regulation of platelet functional responses and thrombus formation through general GPCR desensitization in platelets.
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Wang L, Liu G, Wu N, Dai B, Han S, Liu Q, Huang F, Chen Z, Xu W, Xia D, Gao C. mTOR regulates GPVI-mediated platelet activation. J Transl Med 2021; 19:201. [PMID: 33971888 PMCID: PMC8111939 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin) gene-loss mice die during embryonic development, the role of mTOR in platelets has not been evaluated using gene knockout technology. Methods A mouse model with megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deletion of mTOR was established, and be used to evaluate the role of mTOR in platelet activation and thrombus formation. Results mTOR−/− platelets were deficient in thrombus formation when grown on low-concentration collagen-coated surfaces; however, no deficiency in thrombus formation was observed when mTOR−/− platelets were perfused on higher concentration collagen-coated surfaces. In FeCl3-induced mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis models, wild-type (WT) and mTOR−/− mice displayed significantly different responses to low-extent injury with respect to the ratio of occluded mice, especially within the first 40 min. Additionally, mTOR−/− platelets displayed reduced aggregation and dense granule secretion (ATP release) in response to low doses of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonist collagen related peptide (CRP) and the protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) agonist GYPGKF-NH2; these deficiencies were overcame by stimulation with higher concentration agonists, suggesting dose dependence of the response. At low doses of GPVI or PAR agonist, the activation of αIIbβ3 in mTOR−/− platelets was reduced. Moreover, stimulation of mTOR−/− platelets with low-dose CRP attenuated the phosphorylation of S6K1, S6 and Akt Ser473, and increased the phosphorylation of PKCδ Thr505 and PKCε Ser729. Using isoform-specific inhibitors of PKCs (δ, ɛ, and α/β), we established that PKCδ/ɛ, and especially PKCδ but not PKCα/β or PKCθ, may be involved in low-dose GPVI-mediated/mTOR-dependent signaling. Conclusion These observations indicate that mTOR plays an important role in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baiyun Dai
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaoyun Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cunji Gao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.
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4
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Kostyak JC, Mauri B, Patel A, Dangelmaier C, Reddy H, Kunapuli SP. Phosphorylation of protein kinase Cδ Tyr311 positively regulates thromboxane generation in platelets. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100720. [PMID: 33932405 PMCID: PMC8164046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key mediators of physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis, whose function must be carefully balanced by signaling downstream of receptors such as protease-activated receptor (PAR)4. Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to regulate various aspects of platelet function. For instance, PKCδ is known to regulate dense granule secretion, which is important for platelet activation. However, the mechanism by which PKCδ regulates this process as well as other facets of platelet activity is unknown. We speculated that the way PKCδ regulates platelet function may be because of the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on PKCδ. We investigated phosphorylation of PKCδ following glycoprotein VI-mediated and PAR4-mediated platelet activation and found that Y311 is selectively phosphorylated when PAR4 is activated in human platelets. Therefore, we generated PKCδ Y311F knock-in mice, which are viable and have no gross abnormalities. However, PKCδY311F mice have significantly enhanced tail-bleeding times compared with WT littermate controls, which means hemostasis is interrupted. Furthermore, PKCδY311F mice exhibit longer time to carotid artery occlusion compared with WT control using a ferric chloride in vivo thrombosis model, indicating that the phosphorylation of PKCδ Y311 is prothrombotic. Washed platelets from PKCδY311F mice have reduced reactivity after stimulation with a PAR-4 agonist indicating its importance in platelet signaling. The phenotype observed in Y311F mouse platelets is because of reduced thromboxane generation, as an inhibitor of thromboxane generation equalizes the PKCδY311F platelet response to that of WT. Therefore, phosphorylation of PKCδ on Y311 is important for regulation of platelet function and specifically thromboxane generation, which reinforces platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Kostyak
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Mauri
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akruti Patel
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haritha Reddy
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Physiology, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School Lewis M Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Cheng KJ, Liang WZ. Influence of a bearing-wastewater phenolic compound (3,4-dimethylphenol, 3,4-DMP) treatment on Ca 2+ homeostasis and its related cytotoxicity in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1899-1908. [PMID: 33906515 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211013453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A lot of phenolic compounds are widespread in industrial effluents and they are considerable environmental pollutants. Being a compound commercially available, the effect of a bearing-wastewater phenolic compound 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiology has not been explored in cultured human kidney cell models. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of 3,4-DMP on [Ca2+]i and viability in HK-2 human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. In terms of Ca2+ signaling, 3,4-DMP (5-100 μM) induced [Ca2+]i rises only in HK-2 cells and Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by 40%. In Ca2+-containing medium, 3,4-DMP-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 20% by a modulator of store-operated Ca2+ channels (2-APB), and by a PKC activator (PMA) and inhibitor (GF109203X). Moreover, 3,4-DMP-induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+-free medium, inhibition of PLC with U73122 abolished 3,4-DMP-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Furthermore, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished 3,4-DMP-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with 3,4-DMP abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Regarding to cell viability, 3,4-DMP (60-140 μM) killed cells in a concentration-dependent fashion in HK-2 cells. Chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM partially reversed cytotoxicity of 3,4-DMP. Collectively, our data suggest that in HK-2 cells, 3,4-DMP-induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 3,4-DMP also caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+]i rises. Our findings provide new insight into the cytotoxic effects of 3,4-DMP and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, 210825Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, 63299Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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Huang M, Wu H, Wu J, Chen Q, Zou D, Xu D. Prevention of platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis using a modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520941326. [PMID: 33086881 PMCID: PMC7586491 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520941326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modified Shenzhu Guanxin Formula (mSGF) has beneficial effects in coronary artery disease. Previously, we found that mSGF inhibited platelet aggregation in rats. In the present study we further investigated the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of mSGF in rats. METHODS Rats were orally administered mSGF (4.2, 8.4, or 16.8 g crude drug/kg), the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist clopidogrel (7.875 mg/kg), or saline once a day for 7 days. The effects of mSGF on platelet aggregation were measured. Levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling were analyzed by ELISA and western blotting, respectively. The antithrombotic effect of mSGF was investigated using a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model and effects on bleeding time were assessed in a rat tail transection model. RESULTS mSGF significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, elevated cAMP levels and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt). Moreover, mSGF dose-dependently inhibited thrombosis in a FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus model and had a significantly smaller effect on bleeding time compared with clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS mSGF represents a potent and safe antithrombotic agent whose antiplatelet activity is probably mediated through blockade of PI3K/Akt signaling and increased cAMP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, P.R. China
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Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Ca 2+ signaling as a mechanism of haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and assessing the protective role of a Ca 2+ chelator. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2117-2127. [PMID: 32594194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic medication, has been shown to possess various biological effects in different brain models. However, the impact of haloperidol on Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes is elusive. This study explored the effect of haloperidol on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and viability, and established these two connections in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHAs) and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Haloperidol (5-20 μM) caused [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells. Furthermore, removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced haloperidol's effect by approximately 30% in GHAs. Haloperidol (20-40 μM) evoked concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in GHAs and DI TNC1 cells. However, chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM significantly reversed haloperidol's cytotoxicity only in GHAs. In GHAs, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ modulators (2-APB and SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. This Ca2+ entry induced by haloperidol was confirmed by Mn2+ entry-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished haloperidol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with haloperidol inhibited 45% of BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Moreover, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73122. Together, in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells, haloperidol caused Ca2+-associated cell death, induced Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels, and evoked PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protective effect of Ca2+ chelating on haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 90741, Taiwan.
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Jee Y, Lee SH, Park KM, Kim S. Role of GRK6 in the Regulation of Platelet Activation through Selective G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Desensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113932. [PMID: 32486261 PMCID: PMC7312169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate platelet function by mediating the response to various agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thromboxane A2, and thrombin. Although GPCR kinases (GRKs) are considered to have the crucial roles in most GPCR functions, little is known regarding the regulation of GPCR signaling and mechanisms of GPCR desensitization by GRKs in platelets. In this study, we investigated the functional role of GRK6 and the molecular basis for regulation of specific GPCR desensitization by GRK6 in platelets. We used GRK6 knockout mice to evaluate the functional role of GRK6 in platelet activation. Platelet aggregation, dense- and α-granule secretion, and fibrinogen receptor activation induced by 2-MeSADP, U46619, thrombin, and AYPGKF were significantly potentiated in GRK6−/− platelets compared to the wild-type (WT) platelets. However, collagen-related peptide (CRP)-induced platelet aggregation and secretion were not affected in GRK6−/− platelets. Interestingly, platelet aggregation induced by co-stimulation of serotonin and epinephrine which activate Gq-coupled 5HT2A and Gz-coupled α2A adrenergic receptors, respectively, was not affected in GRK6−/− platelets, suggesting that GRK6 was involved in specific GPCR regulation. In addition, platelet aggregation in response to the second challenge of ADP and AYPGKF was restored in GRK6−/− platelets whereas re-stimulation of the agonist failed to induce aggregation in WT platelets, indicating that GRK6 contributed to P2Y1, P2Y12, and PAR4 receptor desensitization. Furthermore, 2-MeSADP-induced Akt phosphorylation and AYPGKF-induced Akt, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) phosphorylation were significantly potentiated in GRK6−/− platelets. Finally, GRK6−/− mice exhibited an enhanced and stable thrombus formation after FeCl3 injury to the carotid artery and shorter tail bleeding times, indicating that GRK6−/− mice were more susceptible to thrombosis and hemostasis. We conclude that GRK6 plays an important role in regulating platelet functional responses and thrombus formation through selective GPCR desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Sanggu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Youngheun Jee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-249-1846
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Lowery CL, Woulfe D, Kilic F. Responses of Plasma Catecholamine, Serotonin, and the Platelet Serotonin Transporter to Cigarette Smoking. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:32. [PMID: 30886568 PMCID: PMC6409334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of coronary heart disease with a thirty percent mortality rate in the United States. Cigarette smoking acting on the central nervous system (CNS) to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through, which facilitates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamines to supraphysiological levels in blood. The enhanced levels of 5-HT and catecholamines in smokers’ blood are associated with increases in G protein-coupled receptor signaling and serotonylation of small GTPases, which in turn lead to remodeling of cytoskeletal elements to enhance granule secretion and promote unique expression of sialylated N-glycan structures on smokers’ platelets. These mechanisms enhance aggregation and adhesion of smokers’ platelets relative to those of non-smokers. This review focuses on the known mechanisms by which 5-HT and SERT, in coordinated signaling with catecholamines, impacts cigarette smokers’ platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Lee Lowery
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donna Woulfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Fusun Kilic
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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11
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Janapati S, Wurtzel J, Dangelmaier C, Manne BK, Bhavanasi D, Kostyak JC, Kim S, Holinstat M, Kunapuli SP, Goldfinger LE. TC21/RRas2 regulates glycoprotein VI-FcRγ-mediated platelet activation and thrombus stability. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:S1538-7836(22)02217-6. [PMID: 29883056 PMCID: PMC6286703 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials RAS proteins are expressed in platelets but their functions are largely uncharacterized. TC21/RRas2 is required for glycoprotein VI-induced platelet responses and for thrombus stability in vivo. TC21 regulates platelet aggregation by control of αIIb β3 integrin activation, via crosstalk with Rap1b. This is the first indication of functional importance of a proto-oncogenic RAS protein in platelets. SUMMARY Background Many RAS family small GTPases are expressed in platelets, including RAC, RHOA, RAP, and HRAS/NRAS/RRAS1, but most of their signaling and cellular functions remain poorly understood. Like RRAS1, TC21/RRAS2 reverses HRAS-induced suppression of integrin activation in CHO cells. However, a role for TC21 in platelets has not been explored. Objectives To determine TC21 expression in platelets, TC21 activation in response to platelet agonists, and roles of TC21 in platelet function in in vitro and in vivo thrombosis. Results We demonstrate that TC21 is expressed in human and murine platelets, and is activated in response to agonists for the glycoprotein (GP) VI-FcRγ immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing collagen receptor, in an Src-dependent manner. GPVI-induced platelet aggregation, integrin αIIb β3 activation, and α-granule and dense granule secretion, as well as phosphorylation of Syk, phospholipase Cγ2, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, were inhibited in TC21-deficient platelets ex vivo. In contrast, these responses were normal in TC21-deficient platelets following stimulation with P2Y, protease-activated receptor 4 and C-type lectin receptor 2 receptor agonists, indicating that the function of TC21 in platelets is GPVI-FcRγ-ITAM-specific. TC21 was required for GPVI-induced activation of Rap1b. TC21-deficient mice did not show a significant delay in injury-induced thrombosis as compared with wild-type controls; however, thrombi were unstable. Hemostatic responses showed similar effects. Conclusions TC21 is essential for GPVI-FcRγ-mediated platelet activation and for thrombus stability in vivo via control of Rap1b and integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janapati
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Wurtzel
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Dangelmaier
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B K Manne
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Bhavanasi
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J C Kostyak
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Kim
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S P Kunapuli
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L E Goldfinger
- The Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Manne BK, Münzer P, Badolia R, Walker-Allgaier B, Campbell RA, Middleton E, Weyrich AS, Kunapuli SP, Borst O, Rondina MT. PDK1 governs thromboxane generation and thrombosis in platelets by regulating activation of Raf1 in the MAPK pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1211-1225. [PMID: 29575487 PMCID: PMC5984143 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MAPK pathways crosstalk via PDK1. PDK1 is required for adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet activation and thromboxane generation. PDK1 regulates RAF proto-oncogene Ser/Thr kinase (Raf1) activation in the MAPK pathway. Genetic ablation of PDK1 protects against platelet-dependent thrombosis in vivo. SUMMARY Background Platelets are dynamic effector cells with functions that span hemostatic, thrombotic and inflammatory continua. Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) regulates protease-activated receptor 4-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through glycogen synthase kinase3β. However, whether PDK1 also signals through the ADP receptor and its functional importance in vivo remain unknown. Objective To establish the mechanism of PDK1 in ADP-induced platelet activation and thrombosis. Methods We assessed the role of PDK1 on 2MeSADP-induced platelet activation by measuring aggregation, thromboxane generation and phosphorylation events in the presence of BX-795, which inhibits PDK1, or by using platelet-specific PDK1 knockout mice and performing western blot analysis. PDK1 function in thrombus formation was assessed with an in vivo pulmonary embolism model. Results PDK1 inhibition with BX-795 reduced 2-methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP)-induced aggregation of human and murine platelets by abolishing thromboxane generation. Similar results were observed in pdk1-/- mice. PDK1 was also necessary for the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and cytosolic phospholipase A2, indicating that PDK1 regulates an upstream kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We next determined that this upstream kinase is Raf-1, a serine/threonine kinase that is necessary for the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, as pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PDK1 were sufficient to prevent Raf1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition or genetic ablation of PDK1 protected mice from collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism. Conclusion PDK1 governs thromboxane generation and thrombosis in platelets that are stimulated with 2MeSADP by regulating activation of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140 USA
| | - Britta Walker-Allgaier
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Elizabeth Middleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140 USA
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, GRECC, George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
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13
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The effect of magnolol on Ca 2+ homeostasis and its related physiology in human oral cancer cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:49-54. [PMID: 29471192 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnolol, a polyphenol compound from herbal medicines, was shown to alter physiology in various cell models. However, the effect of magnolol on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiology in oral cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether magnolol altered Ca2+ signaling and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells. METHODS Cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in suspended cells were measured by using the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay. RESULTS Magnolol at concentrations of 20-100 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Magnolol (100 μM) induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. Magnolol-induced Ca2+ entry was partially suppressed by protein kinase C (PKC) regulators, and inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished magnolol-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with magnolol abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 partially inhibited magnolol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Magnolol at 20-100 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). CONCLUSIONS Together, in OC2 cells, magnolol induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking partially PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Magnolol also caused Ca2+-independent cell death. Therefore, magnolol-induced cytotoxicity may not be involved in activation mechanisms associated with intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in oral cancer cells.
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Kostyak JC, Liverani E, Kunapuli SP. PKC-epsilon deficiency alters progenitor cell populations in favor of megakaryopoiesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182867. [PMID: 28783756 PMCID: PMC5544228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been postulated that Protein Kinase C (PKC) is an important regulator of megakaryopoiesis. Recent contributions to the literature have outlined the functions of several individual PKC isoforms with regard to megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production. However, the exact role of PKCε remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To delineate the role of PKCε in megakaryopoiesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used a PKCε knockout mouse model to examine the effect of PKCε deficiency on platelet mass, megakaryocyte mass, and bone marrow progenitor cell distribution. We also investigated platelet recovery in PKCε null mice and TPO-mediated signaling in PKCε null megakaryocytes. PKCε null mice have higher platelet counts due to increased platelet production compared to WT littermate controls (p<0.05, n = 8). Furthermore, PKCε null mice have more bone marrow megakaryocyte progenitor cells than WT littermate control mice. Additionally, thrombopoietin-mediated signaling is perturbed in PKCε null mice as Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation are enhanced in PKCε null megakaryocytes stimulated with thrombopoietin. Finally, in response to immune-induced thrombocytopenia, PKCε null mice recovered faster and had higher rebound thrombocytosis than WT littermate control mice. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced platelet recovery could be due to an increase in megakaryocyte progenitor cells found in PKCε null mice as well as enhanced thrombopoietin-mediated signaling observed in PKCε deficient megakaryocytes. These data suggest that PKCε is a negative regulator of megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Kostyak
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Fang YC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on Ca 2+ signal transduction and cell viability in a model of renal tubular cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28658523 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a compound purified from herb. Its effect on Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+ ]i ) in renal cells is unclear. This study examined whether TMP altered Ca2+ signaling in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. TMP at 100-800 μM induced [Ca2+ ]i rises, which were reduced by Ca2+ removal. TMP induced Mn2+ influx implicating Ca2+ entry. TMP-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 30% by modulators of protein kinase C (PKC) and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 93% of TMP-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Treatment with TMP abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) abolished TMP-induced responses. TMP at 200-1000 μM decreased viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Together, in MDCK cells, TMP induced [Ca2+ ]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. TMP also caused Ca2+ -independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chien Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81345, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, 92641, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, 71051, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
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16
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Lu T, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Chen IL, Wang JL, Jan CR. Amitriptyline modulated Ca2+ signaling and induced Ca2+-independent cell viability in human osteosarcoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:125-134. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117693070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline is a widely used tricyclic antidepressant, which acts primarily as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This study examined the effect of amitriptyline on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related mechanism in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Amitriptyline evoked cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) rises concentration dependently. Amitriptyline-evoked Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. This entry was inhibited by Ca2+ entry modulators nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate but was not affected by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) inhibited amitriptyline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises by 95%. Conversely, treatment with amitriptyline abolished TG-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 inhibited amitriptyline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises by 70%. Amitriptyline killed cells at 200–500 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid/AM did not reverse amitriptyline-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that in MG63 cells, amitriptyline induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-regulated store-operated Ca2+ entry. Amitriptyline also induced Ca2+-disassociated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-T Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - I-L Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - J-L Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Su CK, Chou CT, Lin KL, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Chen IS, Lu T, Kuo CC, Yu CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+]i and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:580-587. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1216208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Chen IS, Chou CT, Liu YY, Yu CC, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. The investigation of minoxidil-induced [Ca 2+] i rises and non-Ca 2+-triggered cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:1-7. [PMID: 27309957 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Minoxidil is clinically used to prevent hair loss. However, its effect on Ca2+ homeostasis in prostate cancer cells is unclear. This study explored the effect of minoxidil on cytosolic-free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Minoxidil at concentrations between 200 and 800 μM evoked [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca2+ signal was inhibited by 60% by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Minoxidil-induced Ca2+ influx was confirmed by Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Pre-treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA), nifedipine and SKF96365 inhibited minoxidil-induced Ca2+ signal in Ca2+ containing medium by 60%. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-ditert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) in Ca2+-free medium abolished minoxidil-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with minoxidil abolished BHQ-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished minoxidil-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Overnight treatment with minoxidil killed cells at concentrations of 200-600 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent minoxidil's cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, minoxidil induced [Ca2+]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through PKC-regulated store-operated Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Minoxidil-induced cytotoxicity in a Ca2+-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shu Chen
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- b Department of Nursing , Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan.,c Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Chia-Yi , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- a Department of Surgery , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- e Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan , and
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- f Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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19
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Yeh JH, Kuo CC, Lee CY, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+) movement and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:327-33. [PMID: 27310574 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1158893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compound 2,5-dimethylphenol is a natural product. 2,5-Dimethylphenol has been shown to affect rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism. However, the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+ )signaling and cyotoxicity has never been explored in any culture cells. This study explored the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on cytosolic free Ca(2+ )levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. 2,5-Dimethylphenol at concentrations between 500 μM and 1000 μM evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca(2+ )signal was inhibited by approximately half by the removal of extracellular Ca(2+). 2,5-Dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )influx was confirmed by Mn(2+)-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, nifedipine or the store-operated Ca(2+ )entry inhibitors (econazole or SKF96365) inhibited 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )signal in Ca(2+)-containing medium by ∼30%. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+ )pump inhibitor thapsigargin in Ca(2+)-free medium abolished 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Conversely, treatment with 2,5-dimethylphenol abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 reduced 2,5-dimethylphenol-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises by ∼80%. 2,5-Dimethylphenol killed cells at concentrations of 350-1000 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca(2+ )with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent 2,5-dimethylphenol's cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, 2,5-dimethylphenol induced [Ca(2+)]i rises that involved Ca(2+ )entry through PKC-regulated store-operated Ca(2+ )channels and PLC-dependent Ca(2+ )release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 2,5-Dimethylphenol induced cytotoxicity in a Ca(2+)-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch , Tainan , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- b Department of Nursing , Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC .,c Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yeh
- e Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- f Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- g School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Fu-An Chen
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
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20
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Yu CC, Tsai JY, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Lin KL, Tseng HW, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Pan CC, Ho CM, Shieh P, Jan CR. The mechanism of protriptyline-induced Ca2+movement and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 35:429-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.1000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Bhavanasi D, Badolia R, Manne BK, Janapati S, Dangelmaier CT, Mazharian A, Jin J, Kim S, Zhang X, Chen X, Senis YA, Kunapuli SP. Cross talk between serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases regulates ADP-induced thromboxane generation in platelets. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:558-68. [PMID: 25947062 DOI: 10.1160/th14-09-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ADP-induced thromboxane generation depends on Src family kinases (SFKs) and is enhanced with pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, but it is not clear how these two events are linked. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of Y311 phosphorylated PKCδ in regulating ADP-induced platelet activation. In the current study, we employed various inhibitors and murine platelets from mice deficient in specific molecules to evaluate the role of PKCδ in ADP-induced platelet responses. We show that, upon stimulation of platelets with 2MeSADP, Y311 on PKCδ is phosphorylated in a P2Y1/Gq and Lyn-dependent manner. By using PKCδ and Lyn knockout murine platelets, we also show that tyrosine phosphorylated PKCδ plays a functional role in mediating 2MeSADP-induced thromboxane generation. 2MeSADP-induced PKCδ Y311 phosphorylation and thromboxane generation were potentiated in human platelets pre-treated with either a pan-PKC inhibitor, GF109203X or a PKC α/β inhibitor and in PKC α or β knockout murine platelets compared to controls. Furthermore, we show that PKC α/β inhibition potentiates the activity of SFK, which further hyper-phosphorylates PKCδ and potentiates thromboxane generation. These results show for the first time that tyrosine phosphorylated PKCδ regulates ADP-induced thromboxane generation independent of its catalytic activity and that classical PKC isoforms α/β regulate the tyrosine phosphorylation on PKCδ and subsequent thromboxane generation through tyrosine kinase, Lyn, in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Satya P. Kunapuli PhD, Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Center,, Temple University School of Medicine,, 3420 North Broad street, MRB 414, Philadelphia PA, 19140, USA, Tel.: +1 215 707 4615, Fax: +1 215 707 6944, E-mail:
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Yu CC, Chou CT, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Wang JL, Tseng HW, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of melamine on [Ca(2+)]i and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:800-806. [PMID: 25305741 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Melamine is thought to be an endocrine disrupter that affects physiology in cells. This study examined the effect of melamine on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Melamine evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises concentration-dependently. Melamine-evoked Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. In Ca(2+)-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin inhibited melamine-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Conversely, treatment with melamine abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not alter melamine-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Melamine at 500-800μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Collectively, our data suggest that in PC3 cells, melamine induced [Ca(2+)]i rises by evoking phospholipase C-independent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca(2+) entry via protein kinase C-regulated store-operated Ca(2+) entry. Melamine also caused Ca(2+)-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kung Sun
- Division of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
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23
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Qayyum R, Becker DM, Yanek LR, Faraday N, Vaidya D, Mathias R, Kral BG, Becker LC. Greater collagen-induced platelet aggregation following cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition predicts incident acute coronary syndromes. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 8:17-22. [PMID: 25066685 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Greater ex vivo platelet aggregation to agonists may identify individuals at risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, increased aggregation to a specific agonist may be masked by inherent variability in other activation pathways. In this study, we inhibited the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) pathway with 2-week aspirin therapy and measured residual aggregation to collagen and ADP to determine whether increased aggregation in a non-COX1 pathway is associated with incident ACS. We assessed ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation in 1,699 healthy individuals with a family history of early-onset coronary artery disease followed for 6±1.2 years. Incident ACS events were observed in 22 subjects. Baseline aggregation was not associated with ACS. After COX1 pathway inhibition, collagen-induced aggregation was significantly greater in participants with ACS compared with those without (29.0 vs. 23.6 ohms, p < 0.001). In Cox proportional hazards models, this association remained significant after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (HR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.06-1.15; p < 0.001). In contrast, ADP-induced aggregation after COX1 inhibition was not associated with ACS. After COX1 pathway inhibition, subjects with greater collagen-induced platelet aggregation demonstrated a significant excess risk of incident ACS. These data suggest that platelet activation related to collagen may play an important role in the risk of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Qayyum
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Chang HJ, Chou CT, Chang HT, Liang WZ, Hung TY, Li YD, Fang YC, Kuo CC, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Mechanisms of resveratrol-induced changes in cytosolic free calcium ion concentrations and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:289-99. [PMID: 24925362 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural compound that affects cellular calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and viability in different cells. This study examined the effect of resveratrol on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) and viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells. The Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca(2+)]i, and water-soluble tetrazolium-1 was used to measure viability. Resveratrol evoked concentration-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)]i. The response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca(2+). Resveratrol also caused manganese-induced fura-2 fluorescence quench. Resveratrol-evoked Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X but was not altered by econazole, SKF96365, and the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. In Ca(2+)-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished resveratrol-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Conversely, treatment with resveratrol inhibited BHQ-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished resveratrol-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. At 20-100 μM, resveratrol decreased cell viability, which was not affected by chelating cytosolic Ca(2+)with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining data suggest that resveratrol at 20-40 μM induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, in OC2 cells, resveratrol induced [Ca(2+)]i rise by evoking PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and by causing Ca(2+) entry via nifedipine-sensitive, PKC-regulated mechanisms. Resveratrol also caused Ca(2+)-independent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-T Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - H-T Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan College of Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T-Y Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-D Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - D-H Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - P Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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25
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Bhavanasi D, Kostyak JC, Swindle J, Kilpatrick LE, Kunapuli SP. CGX1037 is a novel PKC isoform delta selective inhibitor in platelets. Platelets 2014; 26:2-9. [PMID: 24433221 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.868877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelets upon activation change their shape, aggregate and secrete alpha and dense granule contents among which ADP acts as a feedback activator. Different Protein Kinase C (PKC) isoforms have specific non-redundant roles in mediating platelet responses including secretion and thrombus formation. Murine platelets lacking specific PKC isoforms have been used to evaluate the isoform specific functions. Novel PKC isoform δ has been shown to play an important role in some pathological processes. Lack of specific inhibitors for PKCδ has restricted analysis of its role in various cells. The current study was carried out to evaluate a novel small molecule PKCδ inhibitor, CGX1037 in platelets. Platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion and western blotting experiments were performed to evaluate CGX1037. In human platelets, CGX1037 inhibited PAR4-mediated phosphorylation on PKD2, a PKCδ-specific substrate. Pre-treatment of human or murine platelets with CGX1037 inhibited PAR4-mediated dense granule secretion whereas it potentiated GPVI-mediated dense granule secretion similar to the responses observed in murine platelets lacking PKCδ· Furthermore, pre-treatment of platelets from PKCδ(-/-) mice with CGX1037 had no significant additive effect on platelet responses suggesting the specificity of CGX1037. Hence, we show that CGX1037 is a selective small molecule inhibitor of PKCδ in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bhavanasi
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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26
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Barinov E, Sulaieva O, Lyakch Y, Guryanov V, Kondratenko P, Radenko Y. Platelet aggregation measurement for assessment of hemostasis failure mechanisms in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2013; 6:139-48. [PMID: 23950655 PMCID: PMC3742342 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s45685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the risk of unsustainable hemostasis in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer bleeding by in vitro assessment of platelet reactivity using artificial neural networks. Methods Patients with gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by bleeding were studied. Platelet aggregation was measured using aggregometry with adenosine diphosphate 5 μM, epinephrine 2.5 μM, 5-hydroxytryptophan 10 μM, collagen 1 μM, and thrombin 0.06 NIH Unit/mL as agonists. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship between demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and laboratory data and in vitro assessment of platelet reactivity and local parameters of hemostasis in patients with ulcer bleeding. Results Analysis of platelet aggregation in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding allowed the variability of platelet response to different agonists used in effective concentration which induces 50% platelet aggregation (EC50) to be established. The relationship between platelet aggregation and the spatial-temporal characteristics of ulcers complicated by bleeding was demonstrated. Adrenoreactivity of platelets was associated with time elapsed since the start of ulcer bleeding and degree of hemorrhage. The lowest platelet response to collagen and thrombin was detected in patients with active bleeding (P < 0.001) and unsustainable recent bleeding (P < 0.01). Decreased adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in patients with ulcer bleeding was correlated with the platelet response to thrombin (r = 0.714, P < 0.001) and collagen (r = 0.584, P < 0.01). Conclusion Estimation of platelet reactivity in vitro indicates the key mechanisms of failure of hemostasis in patients with ulcer bleeding. In addition to gender, an important determinant of unsustainable hemostasis was a decreased platelet response to thrombin and adenosine diphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Barinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Donetsk, Ukraine
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27
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Chen IL, Liang WZ, Kuo DH, Huang JK, Shieh P, Jan CR. Mechanisms of resveratrol-induced changes in [Ca2+]iand cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:298-303. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.822886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Chang HT, Chen IL, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of caffeic acid on Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis in SCM1 human gastric cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:2141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Horng CT, Chiang NN, Chen IL, Liang WZ, Chen IS, Kuo DH, Shieh PC, Jan CR. Effect of clotrimazole on cytosolic Ca2+rise and viability in HA59T human hepatoma cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:89-95. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.764321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Carubbi C, Mirandola P, Mattioli M, Galli D, Marziliano N, Merlini PA, Lina D, Notarangelo F, Cozzi MR, Gesi M, Ardissino D, De Marco L, Vitale M, Gobbi G. Protein kinase C ε expression in platelets from patients with acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46409. [PMID: 23071564 PMCID: PMC3465320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Platelets play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Protein kinase C ε (PKCε) is virtually absent in human platelets and its expression is precisely regulated during human megakaryocytic differentiation. On the basis of what is known on the role of platelet PKCε in other species, we hypothesized that platelets from myocardial infarction patients might ectopically express PKCε with a pathophysiological role in the disease. Methods and Results We therefore studied platelet PKCε expression from 24 patients with myocardial infarction, 24 patients with stable coronary artery disease and 24 healthy subjects. Indeed, platelets from myocardial infarction patients expressed PKCε with a significant frequency as compared to both stable coronary artery disease and healthy subjects. PKCε returned negative during patient follow-up. The forced expression of PKCε in normal donor platelets significantly increased their response to adenosine diphosphate-induced activation and adhesion to subendothelial collagen. Conclusions Our data suggest that platelet generations produced before the acute event retain PKCε-mRNA that is not down-regulated during terminal megakaryocyte differentiation. Results are discussed in the perspective of peri-infarctual megakaryocytopoiesis as a critical component of myocardial infarction pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Mattioli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Lina
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rita Cozzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigi De Marco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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31
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UNSWORTH AJ, FINNEY BA, NAVARRO-NUNEZ L, SEVERIN S, WATSON SP, PEARS CJ. Protein kinase Cε and protein kinase Cθ double-deficient mice have a bleeding diathesis. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1887-94. [PMID: 22812584 PMCID: PMC3532618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparison to the classical isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), the novel isoforms are thought to play minor or inhibitory roles in the regulation of platelet activation and thrombosis. OBJECTIVES To measure the levels of PKCθ and PKCε and to investigate the phenotype of mice deficient in both novel PKC isoforms. METHODS Tail bleeding and platelet activation assays were monitored in mice and platelets from mice deficient in both PKCθ and PKCε. RESULTS PKCε plays a minor role in supporting aggregation and secretion following stimulation of the collagen receptor GPVI in mouse platelets but has no apparent role in spreading on fibrinogen. PKCθ, in contrast, plays a minor role in supporting adhesion and filopodial generation on fibrinogen but has no apparent role in aggregation and secretion induced by GPVI despite being expressed at over 10 times the level of PKCε. Platelets deficient in both novel isoforms have a similar pattern of aggregation downstream of GPVI and spreading on fibrinogen as the single null mutants. Strikingly, a marked reduction in aggregation on collagen under arteriolar shear conditions is observed in blood from the double but not single-deficient mice along with a significant increase in tail bleeding. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a greater than additive role for PKCθ and PKCε in supporting platelet activation under shear conditions and demonstrate that, in combination, the two novel PKCs support platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J UNSWORTH
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxford
| | - B A FINNEY
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - L NAVARRO-NUNEZ
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S SEVERIN
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S P WATSON
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - C J PEARS
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxford
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