1
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Brünnert D, Kumar V, Kaushik V, Ehrhardt J, Chahar KR, Sharma PK, Zygmunt M, Goyal P. Thrombin impairs the angiogenic activity of extravillous trophoblast cells via monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1): A possible link with preeclampsia. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100516. [PMID: 34058707 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines' secretion from the decidua and trophoblast cells has been known to regulate trophoblast cell functions, such as Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) cell migration and invasion and remodeling of spiral arteries. Defective angiogenesis and spiral arteries transformation are mainly caused by proinflammatory cytokines and excessive thrombin generation during preeclampsia. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a crucial cytokine, has a role in maintaining normal pregnancy. In this study, we explored whether thrombin regulates the secretion of MCP-1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells; if yes, what is its function? We used HTR-8/SVneo cells, developed from first trimester villous explants of early pregnancy, as the model of EVTs. MCP-1 gene silencing was performed using gene-specific siRNA. qPCR and ELISA were performed to estimate the expression and secretion of MCP-1. Here, we found that thrombin enhanced the secretion of MCP-1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) was found as the primary receptor, regulating MCP-1 secretion in these cells. Furthermore, MCP-1 secretion is modulated via protein kinase C (PKC) α, β, and Rho/Rho-kinase-dependent pathways. Thrombin negatively regulates HTR-8/SVneo cells' ability to mimic tube formation in an MCP-1 dependent manner. In conclusion, we propose that thrombin-controlled MCP-1 secretion may play an essential role in normal placental development and successful pregnancy maintenance. Improper thrombin production and MCP-1 secretion during pregnancy might cause inadequate vascular formation and transformation of spiral arteries, which may contribute to pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brünnert
- Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Vibha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Jens Ehrhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kirti Raj Chahar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Phulwanti Kumari Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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2
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Yang Q, Lei D, Huang S, Yang Y, Jiang C, Shi H, Chen W, Zhao Q, You Z, Ye X. A novel biodegradable external stent regulates vein graft remodeling via the Hippo-YAP and mTOR signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120254. [PMID: 32805499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has been confirmed to effectively improve the prognosis of coronary artery disease, which is a major public health concern worldwide. As the most frequently used conduits in CABG, saphenous vein grafts have the disadvantage of being susceptible to restenosis due to intimal hyperplasia. To meet the urgent clinical demand, adopting external stents (eStents) and illuminating the potential mechanisms underlying their function are important for preventing vein graft failure. Here, using 4-axis printing technology, we fabricated a novel biodegradable and flexible braided eStent, which exerts excellent inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia. The stented grafts downregulate Yes-associated protein (YAP), indicating that the eStent regulates vein graft remodeling via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Further, as a drug-delivery vehicle, a rapamycin (RM)-coated eStent was designed to amplify the inhibitory effect of eStent on intimal hyperplasia through the synergistic effects of the Hippo and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Overall, this study uncovers the underlying mechanisms of eStent function and identifies a new therapeutic target for the prevention of vein graft restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shixing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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3
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Ren J, Zhou T, Pilli VSS, Phan N, Wang Q, Gupta K, Liu Z, Sheibani N, Liu B. Novel Paracrine Functions of Smooth Muscle Cells in Supporting Endothelial Regeneration Following Arterial Injury. Circ Res 2020; 124:1253-1265. [PMID: 30739581 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Regeneration of denuded or injured endothelium is an important component of vascular injury response. Cell-cell communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a critical role not only in vascular homeostasis but also in disease. We have previously demonstrated that PKCδ (protein kinase C-delta) regulates multiple components of vascular injury response including apoptosis of SMCs and production of chemokines, thus is an attractive candidate for a role in SMC-endothelial cells communication. OBJECTIVE To test whether PKCδ-mediated paracrine functions of SMCs influence reendothelialization in rodent models of arterial injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Femoral artery wire injury was performed in SMC-conditional Prkcd knockout mice, and carotid angioplasty was conducted in rats receiving transient Prkcd knockdown or overexpression. SMC-specific knockout of Prkcd impaired reendothelialization, reflected by a smaller Evans blue-excluding area in the knockout compared with the wild-type controls. A similar impediment to reendothelialization was observed in rats with SMC-specific knockdown of Prkcd. In contrast, SMC-specific gene transfer of Prkcd accelerated reendothelialization. In vitro, medium conditioned by AdPKCδ-infected SMCs increased endothelial wound closure without affecting their proliferation. A polymerase chain reaction-based array analysis identified Cxcl1 and Cxcl7 among others as PKCδ-mediated chemokines produced by SMCs. Mechanistically, we postulated that PKCδ regulates Cxcl7 expression through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) as knockdown of STAT3 abolished Cxcl7 expression. The role of CXCL7 in SMC-endothelial cells communication was demonstrated by blocking CXCL7 or its receptor CXCR2, both significantly inhibited endothelial wound closure. Furthermore, insertion of a Cxcl7 cDNA in the lentiviral vector that carries a Prkcd shRNA overcame the adverse effects of Prkcd knockdown on reendothelialization. CONCLUSIONS SMCs promote reendothelialization in a PKCδ-dependent paracrine mechanism, likely through CXCL7-mediated recruitment of endothelial cells from uninjured endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Vijaya Satish Sekhar Pilli
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Noel Phan
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Qiwei Wang
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Kartik Gupta
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.).,Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (Z.L.)
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (N.S.)
| | - Bo Liu
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.R., T.Z., V.S.S.P., N.P., Q.W., K.G., Z.L., B.L.)
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4
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Li XD, Hong MN, Chen J, Lu YY, Ye MQ, Ma Y, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Adventitial fibroblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor promotes vasa vasorum-associated neointima formation and macrophage recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:708-720. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Adventitial vasa vasorum provides oxygen and nourishment to the vascular wall, but whether it regulates vascular disease remains unclear. We have previously shown that an increased expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is associated with macrophage infiltration. This study aims to determine whether adventitial fibroblast (AF)-derived VEGF increases the number of vasa vasorum contributing to neointima formation through macrophage recruitment.
Methods and results
In rat balloon injury model, vasa vasorum count was increased particularly in the adventitia accompanied by cell proliferation and VEGF expression. Both endogenous and PKH26-labelled exogenous macrophages were mainly distributed in adventitia around vasa vasorum. Interestingly, perivascular delivery of Ranibizumab preferentially concentrated in adventitia resulted in a decrease of neointima formation with concurrent reduction of vasa vasorum count and macrophage infiltration. AFs with adenovirus-mediated VEGF over-expression delivered to the adventitia significantly enhanced these pathological changes after injury. In Tie2-cre/Rosa-LoxP-RFP mice, endothelial cells were increased in the adventitia after wire injury. By using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, macrophage rolling, adhesion and transmigration were observed in vasa vasorum. Moreover, adoptive transfer of macrophages accelerated injury-induced neointima formation. VEGF-neutralizing antibody administration also attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and macrophage infiltration. In primary cultured AFs, exogenous VEGF increased VEGF expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AF-conditioned medium promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage adhesion was blocked by VEGF-neutralizing antibody and VEGFR2 inhibitor ZM323881, which also inhibited activation of VEGFR2/ERK1/2 pathway.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that AF-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the increase of vasa vasorum count which is involved in macrophage recruitment and neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mo-Na Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 999 Xiwang Road, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mao-Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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5
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Chai X, Sun D, Han Q, Yi L, Wu Y, Liu X. Hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial fibroblast proliferation, migration, differentiation and vascular remodeling via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2461-2472. [PMID: 29436587 PMCID: PMC5846667 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine whether hypoxia induces the proliferation, migration and differentiation of pulmonary arterial fibroblasts (PAFs) via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. PAFs were subjected to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). The proliferation, migration, differentiation and cellular p110α, p-Akt, and p-p70S6K expression levels of the PAFs were examined in vitro. In addition, rats were maintained under hypoxic conditions, and the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and right ventricular weight/body weight ratio (RV/BW) were examined. The expression levels of p110α, p-Akt, p70S6K, fibronectin and α-SMA in the rat pulmonary vessels were also examined. Hypoxia significantly elevated the proliferation, migration and differentiation of rat PAFs. It also strongly elevated the expression of p110α, p-Akt and p-p70S6K in PAFs in vitro. NVP-BEZ235 was revealed to significantly reduce the hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration and differentiation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that hypoxia significantly induced the elevation of RVSP, RVHI, RV/BW, medial thickening, adventitious thickening, and fibronectin and collagen deposition around pulmonary artery walls. The expression of p110α, p-Akt and p70S6K was evident in the pulmonary arteries of the hypoxic rats. NVP-BEZ235 significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as fibronectin and collagen deposition in the pulmonary arteries. Therefore, hypoxia was demonstrated to induce the proliferation, migration and differentiation of PAFs and the hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats via the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chai
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Rocca A, Tafuri D, Paccone M, Giuliani A, Zamboli AGI, Surfaro G, Paccone A, Compagna R, Amato M, Serra R, Amato B. Cell Based Therapeutic Approach in Vascular Surgery: Application and Review. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:308-322. [PMID: 29071303 PMCID: PMC5651406 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyVia Sergio Pansini, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplatation Center, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Surfaro
- Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizo Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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7
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Guo Q, Zheng K, Fan D, Zhao Y, Li L, Bian Y, Qiu X, Liu X, Zhang G, Ma C, He X, Lu A. Wu-Tou Decoction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Integrating Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:230. [PMID: 28515692 PMCID: PMC5414545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore underlying action mechanism of Wu-Tou decoction (WTD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. Methods: Chemical compounds and human target proteins of WTD as well as RA-related human genes were obtained from TCM Database @ Taiwan, PubChem and GenBank, respectively. Subsequently, molecular networks and canonical pathways presumably involved in the treatment of WTD on RA were generated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software. Furthermore, experimental validation was carried out with MIP-1β-induced U937 cell model and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Results: CCR5 signaling pathway in macrophages was shown to be the top one shared signaling pathway associated with both cell immune response and cytokine signaling. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) δ and p38 in this pathway were treated as target proteins of WTD in RA. In vitro experiments indicated that WTD inhibited MIP-1β-induced production of TNF-α, MIP-1α, and RANTES as well as phosphorylation of CCR5, PKC δ, and p38 in U937 cells. WTD treatment maintained the inhibitory effects on production of TNF-α and RANTES in MIP-1β-induced U937 cells after CCR5 knockdown. In vivo experiments demonstrated that WTD ameliorated symptoms in CIA rats, decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES, and IP-10 in serum of CIA rats, as well as mRNA levels of MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES, and IP-10 in ankle joints of CIA rats. Furthermore, WTD also lowered the phosphorylation levels of CCR5, PKC δ and p38 in both ankle joints and macrophages in ankle joints from CIA rats. Conclusion: It was demonstrated in this research that WTD played a role in inhibiting inflammatory response in RA which was closely connected with the modulation effect of WTD on CCR5 signaling pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Danping Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chaoying Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong, Hong Kong.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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8
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Li H, Chai S, Dai L, Gu C. Collagen External Scaffolds Mitigate Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Remodeling of Vein Grafts in a Rabbit Arteriovenous Graft Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7473437. [PMID: 28503573 PMCID: PMC5414509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7473437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this study was to test the effects of collagen external scaffold (CES) in intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into no-graft group, graft group, and CES group. The rabbit arteriovenous graft model was established. In CES group, the vein graft was wrapped around with CES. The hemodynamic parameters of vein grafts were measured intraoperatively and 4 weeks after operation by ultrasonic examination. Histological characteristics of vein grafts were also evaluated 4 weeks later. The mRNA and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), active cleaved-caspase-3 (ClvCasp-3), and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) were measured 4 weeks later by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results. CES significantly improved the hemodynamic stability of vein grafts, with higher blood velocity and blood flow. Similarly, CES also markedly mitigated intimal hyperplasia and inhibited dilatation of vein grafts. In CES group, the upexpression of PCNA and ClvCasp-3 and the downexpression of SM22α were inhibited. Conclusion. CES exerts beneficial effects in mitigating intimal hyperplasia and improving remodeling of autogenous vein grafts, which may be associated with reducing the proliferation and apoptosis and preserving the phenotype of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shoudong Chai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longsheng Dai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiong Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Kaladji A, Giovannetti M, Pascot R, Clochard E, Daoudal A, Lucas A, Cardon A. Preoperative CT-scan-based sizing and in-stent restenosis in peripheral endovascular revascularizations. Vascular 2017; 25:504-513. [PMID: 28330432 DOI: 10.1177/1708538117700764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluates the effect of stent sizing with CT-scan on the incidence of restenosis in peripheral arterial disease. Methods This retrospective study included 59 patients with 66 arterial lesions who underwent a endovascular procedure for peripheral arterial disease between April 2013 and October 2013. All patients had de novo iliac or femoral lesions, were candidates for an endovascular procedure alone and underwent CTA preoperatively. The stent actually implanted, whose dimensions were chosen on the basis of the operator's experience on an intraoperative 2D angiography, was compared to the "ideal" stent chosen retrospectively on the basis of precise lesion sizing by the preoperative CTA. Planning was considered "discordant" if there was a difference in length of more than 20 mm and/or a difference in diameter of more than 1 mm between the ideal stent and the actual stent. Results For iliac lesions, discordance essentially concerned stent diameter (36.1%), whereas stent length was the main reason for discordance for femoral lesions (36.7%). The median length of follow-up was 18 months (range 6-24). For iliac lesions, freedom from restenosis at 24 months was higher for patients with concordant planning (90% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.045). Most restenoses occurred in the external iliac artery, where there was a tendency towards oversizing of the implanted stent. For femoral lesions, the restenosis-free rate at 24 months was higher for patients with concordant planning (77.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.057). A multivariate analysis was conducted on the prediction of restenosis. Among factors, only discordant planning was found to be a significant predictor of restenosis with an odds ratio of 0.115 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.674; p = 0.016). Conclusion The absence of sizing for peripheral lesions engenders a tendency to choose the wrong stent, in particular in terms of diameter in iliac arteries and length in femoral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Kaladji
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France.,2 INSERM, Rennes, France.,3 University Rennes 1, Signal and Image Processing Laboratory (LTSI), Rennes, France
| | | | - Remy Pascot
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Clochard
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Daoudal
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Lucas
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France.,2 INSERM, Rennes, France.,3 University Rennes 1, Signal and Image Processing Laboratory (LTSI), Rennes, France
| | - Alain Cardon
- 1 CHU Rennes, Centre of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rennes, France
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10
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Ringvold HC, Khalil RA. Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:203-301. [PMID: 28212798 PMCID: PMC5319769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone. In addition to Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) is a major regulator of VSM function. PKC is a family of conventional Ca2+-dependent α, β, and γ, novel Ca2+-independent δ, ɛ, θ, and η, and atypical ξ, and ι/λ isoforms. Inactive PKC is mainly cytosolic, and upon activation it undergoes phosphorylation, maturation, and translocation to the surface membrane, the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cell organelles; a process facilitated by scaffold proteins such as RACKs. Activated PKC phosphorylates different substrates including ion channels, pumps, and nuclear proteins. PKC also phosphorylates CPI-17 leading to inhibition of MLC phosphatase, increased MLC phosphorylation, and enhanced VSM contraction. PKC could also initiate a cascade of protein kinases leading to phosphorylation of the actin-binding proteins calponin and caldesmon, increased actin-myosin interaction, and VSM contraction. Increased PKC activity has been associated with vascular disorders including ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetic vasculopathy. PKC inhibitors could test the role of PKC in different systems and could reduce PKC hyperactivity in vascular disorders. First-generation PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine are not very specific. Isoform-specific PKC inhibitors such as ruboxistaurin have been tested in clinical trials. Target delivery of PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptides and PKC siRNA may be useful in localized vascular disease. Further studies of PKC and its role in VSM should help design isoform-specific PKC modulators that are experimentally potent and clinically safe to target PKC in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ringvold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R A Khalil
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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11
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Shi X, Guo LW, Seedial S, Takayama T, Wang B, Zhang M, Franco SR, Si Y, Chaudhary MA, Liu B, Kent KC. Local CXCR4 Upregulation in the Injured Arterial Wall Contributes to Intimal Hyperplasia. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2744-2757. [PMID: 27340942 PMCID: PMC5113668 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CXCR4 is a stem/progenitor cell surface receptor specific for the cytokine stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1α). There is evidence that bone marrow‐derived CXCR4‐expressing cells contribute to intimal hyperplasia (IH) by homing to the arterial subintima which is enriched with SDF‐1α. We have previously found that transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) and its signaling protein Smad3 are both upregulated following arterial injury and that TGFβ/Smad3 enhances the expression of CXCR4 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It remains unknown, however, whether locally induced CXCR4 expression in SM22 expressing vascular SMCs plays a role in neointima formation. Here, we investigated whether elevated TGFβ/Smad3 signaling leads to the induction of CXCR4 expression locally in the injured arterial wall, thereby contributing to IH. We found prominent CXCR4 upregulation (mRNA, 60‐fold; protein, 4‐fold) in TGFβ‐treated, Smad3‐expressing SMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a specific association of the transcription factor Smad3 with the CXCR4 promoter. TGFβ/Smad3 treatment also markedly enhanced SDF‐1α‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as SMC migration in a CXCR4‐dependent manner. Adenoviral expression of Smad3 in balloon‐injured rat carotid arteries increased local CXCR4 levels and enhanced IH, whereas SMC‐specific depletion of CXCR4 in the wire‐injured mouse femoral arterial wall produced a 60% reduction in IH. Our results provide the first evidence that upregulation of TGFβ/Smad3 in injured arteries induces local SMC CXCR4 expression and cell migration, and consequently IH. The Smad3/CXCR4 pathway may provide a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent restenosis. Stem Cells2016;34:2744–2757
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen Seedial
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Toshio Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah R Franco
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mirnal A Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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Martinez L, Gomez C, Vazquez-Padron RI. Age-related changes in monocytes exacerbate neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17054-64. [PMID: 25965835 PMCID: PMC4627291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of restenosis after endovascular interventions. It is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblast-like cells and extracellular matrix in the innermost layer of the wall and is exacerbated by inflammation. Monocytes from either young or aged rats were applied perivascularly to injured vascular walls of young recipient animals. Monocytes from aged rats, but not young donors, increased neointima thickness. Accordingly, the gene expression profiles of CD11b+ monocytes from aged rats showed significant up-regulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, lipid degradation, cytotoxicity, differentiation, and inflammation. These included cadherin 13 (Cdh13), colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (Cxcl1), endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (Esam), and interferon gamma (Ifng). In conclusion, our results suggest that the increased inflammatory and adhesive profile of monocytes contributes to pathological wall remodeling in aged-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camilo Gomez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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DiRenzo DM, Chaudhary MA, Shi X, Franco SR, Zent J, Wang K, Guo LW, Kent KC. A crosstalk between TGF-β/Smad3 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:498-505. [PMID: 26912210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endovascular interventions performed for atherosclerotic lesions trigger excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation leading to intimal hyperplasia. Our previous studies show that following endovascular injury, elevated TGF-β/Smad3 promotes SMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. Furthermore in cultured SMCs, elevated TGF-β/Smad3 increases the expression of several Wnt genes. Here we investigate a crosstalk between TGF-β/Smad3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its role in SMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS To mimic TGF-β/Smad3 up-regulation in vivo, rat aortic SMCs were treated with Smad3-expressing adenovirus (AdSmad3) or AdGFP control followed by stimulation with TGF-β1 (or solvent). AdSmad3/TGF-β treatment up-regulated Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt9a, and Wnt11 (confirmed by qRT-PCR and ELISA), and also increased β-catenin protein as detected by Western blotting. Blocking Wnt signaling using a Frizzled receptor inhibitor (Niclosamide) abolished TGF-β/Smad3-induced β-catenin stabilization. Increasing β-catenin through degradation inhibition (using SKL2001) or by adenoviral expression enhanced SMC proliferation. Furthermore, application of recombinant Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, or Wnt9a, but not Wnt11, stabilized β-catenin and stimulated SMC proliferation as well. In addition, increased β-catenin was found in the neointima of injured rat carotid artery where TGF-β and Smad3 are known to be up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel mechanism whereby elevated TGF-β/Smad3 stimulates the secretion of canonical Wnts which in turn enhances SMC proliferation through β-catenin stabilization. This crosstalk between TGF-β/Smad3 and Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathways provides new insights into the pathophysiology of vascular SMCs linked to intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Mirnal A Chaudhary
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Sarah R Franco
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Joshua Zent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Katie Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, U.S.A
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14
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Sun M, Ji J, Guo X, Liu W, Wang Y, Ma S, Hu W, Wang J, Jiang F. Early adventitial activation characterized by NADPH oxidase expression and neovascularization in an aortic transplantation model. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:67-73. [PMID: 26655438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that arterial adventitia may contribute to pathological vessel remodeling by producing reactive oxygen species and promoting neovascularization. However, these processes have not been studied yet in transplantation-induced vascular pathologies. We characterized the dynamic changes in NADPH oxidase expression and adventitial angiogenic response in a model of allograft aortic transplantation. The thoracic aorta from Fischer 344 rats were transplanted into the abdominal aorta of Lewis rats. Graft specimens were collected on days 0.5, 3, 7, and 14 for morphometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR tests. Following transplantation, adventitial thickening was found as early as day 3, while neointima was observed from day 7. As compared to normal adventitial tissue, the expression levels of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox in graft adventitia were elevated from day 3 and further increased up to day 14. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that infiltrating macrophages appeared to be a major source of NADPH oxidase expression. Increases in NADPH oxidase expression were also detected in fibroblasts isolated from the graft adventitia. Gene silencing of p47phox significantly suppressed proliferation and migration of the graft fibroblast cells. We also showed that adventitial thickening was accompanied by increased adventitial neovascularization; at day 14, there was a positive correlation between the density of adventitial microvessels and the neointimal thickness. Transplantation injury induces NADPH oxidase expression and neovascularization in the adventitia, raising the possibility that the activated adventitia may represent a target site for prevention of transplantation-induced transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Sun
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Ji
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Siqin Ma
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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15
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Janjanam J, Chandaka GK, Kotla S, Rao GN. PLCβ3 mediates cortactin interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced actin polymerization and cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4589-606. [PMID: 26490115 PMCID: PMC4678017 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vascular wall remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying MCP1-induced VSMC migration have not been understood. Here we identify the signaling pathway associated with MCP1-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) migration. MCP1, a G protein-coupled receptor agonist, activates phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues in a time-dependent manner, and inhibition of its phosphorylation attenuates MCP1-induced HASMC G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and migration. Cortactin phosphorylation on S405/S418 is found to be critical for its interaction with WAVE2, a member of the WASP family of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins required for cell migration. In addition, the MCP1-induced cortactin phosphorylation is dependent on PLCβ3-mediated PKCδ activation, and siRNA-mediated down-regulation of either of these molecules prevents cortactin interaction with WAVE2, affecting G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and HASMC migration. Upstream, MCP1 activates CCR2 and Gαq/11 in a time-dependent manner, and down-regulation of their levels attenuates MCP1-induced PLCβ3 and PKCδ activation, cortactin phosphorylation, cortactin-WAVE2 interaction, G-actin polymerization, F-actin stress fiber formation, and HASMC migration. Together these findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues is required for its interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced cytoskeleton remodeling, facilitating HASMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Giri Kumar Chandaka
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
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16
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Ren J, Liu Z, Wang Q, Giles J, Greenberg J, Sheibani N, Kent KC, Liu B. Andrographolide Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Inhibiting Inflammatory Cell Infiltration through Downregulation of Cytokine and Integrin Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:137-47. [PMID: 26483397 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.227934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), characterized by exuberant inflammation and tissue deterioration, is a common aortic disease associated with a high mortality rate. There is currently no established pharmacological therapy to treat this progressive disease. Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component of the herbaceous plant Andrographis paniculata, has been found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity in several disease models. In this study, we investigated the ability of Andro to suppress inflammation associated with aneurysms, and whether it may be used to block the progression of AAA. Whereas diseased aortae continued to expand in the solvent-treated group, daily administration of Andro to mice with small aneurysms significantly attenuated aneurysm growth, as measured by the diminished expansion of aortic diameter (165.68 ± 15.85% vs. 90.62 ± 22.91%, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that Andro decreased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and T cells. Mechanistically, Andro inhibited arterial NF-κB activation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines [CCL2, CXCL10, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ] in the treated aortae. Furthermore, Andro suppressed α4 integrin expression and attenuated the ability of monocytes/macrophages to adhere to activated endothelial cells. These results indicate that Andro suppresses progression of AAA, likely through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration via downregulation of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production and α4 integrin expression. Thus, Andro may offer a pharmacological therapy to slow disease progression in patients with small aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Jasmine Giles
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Jason Greenberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - K Craig Kent
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.R., Z.L., Q.W., J.Gi., J.Gr., K.C.K., B.L.) and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (N.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; And Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China (Z.L.)
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17
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Zhang L, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen M, Xing Y, Zhu D. STAT3-mediated MMP-2 expression is required for 15-HETE-induced vascular adventitial fibroblast migration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:106-17. [PMID: 25623089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAFs) migration was involved in neointima formation, and increased 15-HETE levels contributed to vascular remodeling. However, how 15-HETE-induced VAF migration was not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS 15-HETE-stimulated VAF phenotypic changes and migration as measured by the wound healing assay required STAT3 phosphorylation. JNK1 and CREB inhibition blocked 15-HETE-induced STAT3 activation and VAF changes. 15-HETE-induced MMP-2 expression and secretion were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. MMP-2 knockdown blocked VAF migration and phenotypic alterations. JNK1, STAT3 and CREB blockade suppressed 15-HETE-induced MMP-2 expression in VAFs. MMP-2 promoter activity was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-STAT3 antibodies, which demonstrated that STAT3 was essential for 15-HETE-induced MMP-2 expression. Rats that suffered from hypoxia injury with or without treatment were examined. Pulmonary artery remodeling was obviously observed, and even the media was broken. MMP-2-positive staining was observed in the adventitia and intima. MMP-2 Serum secretion was enhanced as detected by ELISA, and MMP-2 and α-SMA protein expressions were increased after inducing hypoxia in the rats, which was restored in rats that had been administrated with NDGA. CONCLUSION These results reveal that STAT3-mediated MMP-2 expression is required for 15-HETE induced-VAF migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Minggang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China; Biopharmaceutical Institute of the Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
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18
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Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Grande R, Butrico L, Rossi A, Naso A, Ruggiero M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. Adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular stem cells, matrix metalloproteinases, and arterial aneurysms. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:434962. [PMID: 25866513 PMCID: PMC4381852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells (SCs) at sites of arterial aneurysms: they can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are activated after residing in a quiescent state in the vascular wall. Recent studies have implicated the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms: in fact the increased synthesis of MMPs by arterial SMCs is thought to be a pivotal mechanism in aneurysm formation. The factors and signaling pathways involved in regulating wall resident SC recruitment, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and differentiation may be also related to selective expression of different MMPs. This review explores the relationship between adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular SCs, MMPs, and arterial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 88100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Ruggiero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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19
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Ren J, Morgan S, Assa C, Liu B. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysms via smooth muscle cell necrosis and inflammation. Circ Res 2015; 116:600-11. [PMID: 25563840 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depletion of medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) is a major pathological characteristic of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), although the mechanism by which these cells are eliminated remains incompletely understood. We reasoned that necroptosis, a recently described form of necrosis mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), may contribute to AAA pathology through the induction of SMC death and the significant production of inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that RIP3-mediated necroptosis is actively involved in aneurysm pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS RIP3 and RIP1 levels were found to be elevated in human AAAs, most noticeably in SMCs. Elevations of RIP3 and SMC necrosis were also observed in the elastase-induced mouse model of AAAs. Deletion of one or both copies of Rip3 prevented AAA formation. By transplanting Rip3(+/-) aortae to Rip3(+/+) mice, we demonstrated that reduced Rip3 expression in arterial wall was the primary cause of aneurysm resistance. In vitro, adenoviral overexpression of RIP3 was sufficient to trigger SMC necroptosis. Protein kinase C-delta contributed to tumor necrosis factor-α-induced SMC necroptosis by regulating Rip3 expression. Furthermore, Rip3 deficiency impaired tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory gene expression in aortic SMCs, which was at least in part because of attenuation of p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. In vivo, the lack of RIP3 diminished activation of p65 in SMCs, implicating a necrosis independent function of RIP3 in aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced RIP3 signaling in aneurysmal tissues contributes to AAA progression by causing SMC necroptosis, as well as stimulating vascular inflammation, and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.)
| | - Jun Ren
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.)
| | - Stephanie Morgan
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.)
| | - Carmel Assa
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- From the Department of Surgery (Q.W., Z.L., J.R., S.M., C.A., B.L.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (Q.W., B.L.), and Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Q.W., B.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Z.L.).
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20
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Shi X, Guo LW, Seedial SM, Si Y, Wang B, Takayama T, Suwanabol PA, Ghosh S, DiRenzo D, Liu B, Kent KC. TGF-β/Smad3 inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through an autocrine signaling mechanism involving VEGF-A. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1317. [PMID: 25010983 PMCID: PMC4123076 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in the presence of elevated Smad3, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transforms from an inhibitor to a stimulant of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and intimal hyperplasia (IH). Here we identify a novel mechanism through which TGF-β/Smad3 also exacerbates IH by inhibiting SMC apoptosis. We found that TGF-β treatment led to inhibition of apoptosis in rat SMCs following viral expression of Smad3. Conditioned media from these cells when applied to naive SMCs recapitulated this effect, suggesting an autocrine pathway through a secreted factor. Gene array of TGF-β/Smad3-treated cells revealed enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known inhibitor of endothelial cell apoptosis. We then evaluated whether VEGF is the secreted mediator responsible for TGF-β/Smad3 inhibition of SMC apoptosis. In TGF-β/Smad3-treated cells, VEGF mRNA and protein as well as VEGF secretion were increased. Moreover, recombinant VEGF-A inhibited SMC apoptosis and a VEGF-A-neutralizing antibody reversed the inhibitory effect of conditioned media on SMC apoptosis. Stimulation of SMCs with TGF-β led to the formation of a complex of Smad3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) that in turn activated the VEGF-A promoter and transcription. In rat carotid arteries following arterial injury, Smad3 and VEGF-A expression were upregulated. Moreover, Smad3 gene transfer further enhanced VEGF expression as well as inhibited SMC apoptosis. Finally, blocking either the VEGF receptor or Smad3 signaling in injured carotid arteries abrogated the inhibitory effect of Smad3 on vascular SMC apoptosis. Taken together, our study reveals that following angioplasty, elevation of both TGF-β and Smad3 leads to SMC secretion of VEGF-A that functions as an autocrine inhibitor of SMC apoptosis. This novel pathway provides further insights into the role of TGF-β in the development of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - L-W Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - S M Seedial
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Y Si
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - T Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - P A Suwanabol
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - D DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - K C Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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21
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Yu X, Takayama T, Goel SA, Shi X, Zhou Y, Kent KC, Murphy WL, Guo LW. A rapamycin-releasing perivascular polymeric sheath produces highly effective inhibition of intimal hyperplasia. J Control Release 2014; 191:47-53. [PMID: 24852098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia produces restenosis (re-narrowing) of the vessel lumen following vascular intervention. Drugs that inhibit intimal hyperplasia have been developed, however there is currently no clinical method of perivascular drug-delivery to prevent restenosis following open surgical procedures. Here we report a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sheath that is highly effective in preventing intimal hyperplasia through perivascular delivery of rapamycin. We first screened a series of bioresorbable polymers, i.e., poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLLA), PCL, and their blends, to identify desired release kinetics and sheath physical properties. Both PLGA and PLLA sheaths produced minimal (<30%) rapamycin release within 50days in PBS buffer. In contrast, PCL sheaths exhibited more rapid and near-linear release kinetics, as well as durable integrity (>90days) as evidenced in both scanning electron microscopy and subcutaneous embedding experiments. Moreover, a PCL sheath deployed around balloon-injured rat carotid arteries was associated with a minimum rate of thrombosis compared to PLGA and PLLA. Morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that rapamycin-loaded perivascular PCL sheaths produced pronounced (85%) inhibition of intimal hyperplasia (0.15±0.05 vs 1.01±0.16), without impairment of the luminal endothelium, the vessel's anti-thrombotic layer. Our data collectively show that a rapamycin-loaded PCL delivery system produces substantial mitigation of neointima, likely due to its favorable physical properties leading to a stable yet flexible perivascular sheath and steady and prolonged release kinetics. Thus, a PCL sheath may provide useful scaffolding for devising effective perivascular drug delivery particularly suited for preventing restenosis following open vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Toshio Takayama
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shakti A Goel
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 5151 Wisconsin Institute of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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22
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Shi X, DiRenzo D, Guo LW, Franco SR, Wang B, Seedial S, Kent KC. TGF-β/Smad3 stimulates stem cell/developmental gene expression and vascular smooth muscle cell de-differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93995. [PMID: 24718260 PMCID: PMC3981734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic-associated diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. Despite recent progress, interventional treatments for atherosclerosis can be complicated by restenosis resulting from neo-intimal hyperplasia. We have previously demonstrated that TGF-β and its downstream signaling protein Smad3∶1) are up-regulated following vascular injury, 2) together drive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration and 3) enhance the development of intimal hyperplasia. In order to determine a mechanism through which TGF-β/Smad3 promote these effects, Affymetrix gene expression arrays were performed on primary rat SMCs infected with Smad3 and stimulated with TGF-β or infected with GFP alone. More than 200 genes were differentially expressed (>2.0 fold change, p<0.05) in TGF-β/Smad3 stimulated SMCs. We then performed GO term enrichment analysis using the DAVID bioinformatics database and found that TGF-β/Smad3 activated the expression of multiple genes related to either development or cell differentiation, several of which have been shown to be associated with multipotent stem or progenitor cells. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed up-regulation of several developmental genes including FGF1, NGF, and Wnt11 (by 2.5, 6 and 7 fold, respectively) as well as stem/progenitor cell associated genes CD34 and CXCR4 (by 10 and 45 fold, respectively). In addition, up-regulation of these factors at protein levels were also confirmed by Western blotting, or by immunocytochemistry (performed for CXCR4 and NGF). Finally, TGF-β/Smad3 down regulated transcription of SMC contractile genes as well as protein production of smooth muscle alpha actin, calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. These combined results suggest that TGF-β/Smad3 stimulation drives SMCs to a phenotypically altered state of de-differentiation through the up-regulation of developmental related genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta
- Cell Dedifferentiation/genetics
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Reporter
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Smad3 Protein
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
- Tunica Intima/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LWG); (KCK)
| | - Sarah R. Franco
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stephen Seedial
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - K. Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LWG); (KCK)
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23
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The use of external mesh reinforcement to reduce intimal hyperplasia and preserve the structure of human saphenous veins. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2588-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Shi X, Chen G, Guo LW, Si Y, Zhu M, Pilla S, Liu B, Gong S, Kent KC. Periadventitial application of rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles produces sustained inhibition of vascular restenosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89227. [PMID: 24586612 PMCID: PMC3931710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Open vascular reconstructions frequently fail due to the development of recurrent disease or intimal hyperplasia (IH). This paper reports a novel drug delivery method using a rapamycin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs)/pluronic gel system that can be applied periadventitially around the carotid artery immediately following the open surgery. In vitro studies revealed that rapamycin dispersed in pluronic gel was rapidly released over 3 days whereas release of rapamycin from rapamycin-loaded PLGA NPs embedded in pluronic gel was more gradual over 4 weeks. In cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), rapamycin-loaded NPs produced durable (14 days versus 3 days for free rapamycin) inhibition of phosphorylation of S6 kinase (S6K1), a downstream target in the mTOR pathway. In a rat balloon injury model, periadventitial delivery of rapamycin-loaded NPs produced inhibition of phospho-S6K1 14 days after balloon injury. Immunostaining revealed that rapamycin-loaded NPs reduced SMC proliferation at both 14 and 28 days whereas rapamycin alone suppressed proliferation at day 14 only. Moreover, rapamycin-loaded NPs sustainably suppressed IH for at least 28 days following treatment, whereas rapamycin alone produced suppression on day 14 with rebound of IH by day 28. Since rapamycin, PLGA, and pluronic gel have all been approved by the FDA for other human therapies, this drug delivery method could potentially be translated into human use quickly to prevent failure of open vascular reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guojun Chen
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America ; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Men Zhu
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America ; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America ; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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25
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Ren J, Wang Q, Morgan S, Si Y, Ravichander A, Dou C, Kent KC, Liu B. Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) regulates proinflammatory chemokine expression through cytosolic interaction with the NF-κB subunit p65 in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9013-26. [PMID: 24519937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory chemokines released by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in vascular inflammation. Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) has been shown to be up-regulated in VSMCs of injured arteries. PKCδ knock-out (Prkcd(-/-)) mice are resistant to inflammation as well as apoptosis in models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, the precise mechanism by which PKCδ modulates inflammation remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identified four inflammatory chemokines (Ccl2/Mcp-1, Ccl7, Cxcl16, and Cx3cl1) of over 45 PKCδ-regulated genes associated with inflammatory response by microarray analysis. Using CCL2 as a prototype, we demonstrated that PKCδ stimulated chemokine expression at the transcriptional level. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway or siRNA knockdown of subunit p65, but not p50, eliminated the effect of PKCδ on Ccl2 expression. Overexpressing PKCδ followed by incubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in an increase in p65 Ser-536 phosphorylation and enhanced DNA binding affinity without affecting IκB degradation or p65 nuclear translocation. Prkcd gene deficiency impaired p65 Ser-536 phosphorylation and DNA binding affinity in response to TNFα. Results from in situ proximity ligation analysis and co-immunoprecipitation performed on cultured VSMCs and aneurysmal aorta demonstrated physical interaction between PKCδ and p65 that took place largely outside the nucleus. Promoting nuclear translocation of PKCδ with peptide ψδRACK diminished Ccl2 production, whereas inhibition of PKCδ translocation with peptide δV1-1 enhanced Ccl2 expression. Together, these results suggest that PKCδ modulates inflammation at least in part through the NF-κB-mediated chemokines. Mechanistically, PKCδ activates NF-κB through an IκB-independent cytosolic interaction, which subsequently leads to enhanced p65 phosphorylation and DNA binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
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26
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Xu F, Liu Y, Hu W. Adventitial fibroblasts from apoE(-/-) mice exhibit the characteristics of transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2014; 37:160-6. [PMID: 23339104 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are the main cell type in the adventitia, however, their role in atherosclerosis remains unclear. We have investigate the role of AFs in atherosclerotic lesion formation by comparing the characteristics of AFs from apoE(-/-) to C57BL/6 mice. A minority of AFs from apoE(-/-) mice expressed α-SM-actin, but no α-SM-actin-positive cells were found in AFs from C57BL/6 mice. The content of total collagens, and the mRNA levels of collagen I and collagen III in AFs of apoE(-/-) mice, were higher than in C57BL/6 mice. AFs from apoE(-/-) mice proliferate and migrate faster, and synthesized more TGF-β(1) , MCP-1, and PDGF-b AFs from apoE(-/-) mice have the characteristics of transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, including enhanced proliferation and migration, along with synthesis of collagens and cytokines compared to AFs from C57BL/6 mice. The histological and functional characteristics of AFs may contribute to early atherosclerotic lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
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27
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Bechler SL, Si Y, Yu Y, Ren J, Liu B, Lynn DM. Reduction of intimal hyperplasia in injured rat arteries promoted by catheter balloons coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers that contain plasmid DNA encoding PKCδ. Biomaterials 2012; 34:226-36. [PMID: 23069712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches that eliminate or reduce the occurrence of intimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty could improve the efficacy of vascular interventions and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from vascular diseases. Here, we report that treatment of arteries using catheter balloons coated with thin polyelectrolyte-based films ('polyelectrolyte multilayers', PEMs) can substantially reduce intimal hyperplasia in an in vivo rat model of vascular injury. We used a layer-by-layer (LbL) process to coat the surfaces of inflatable catheter balloons with PEMs composed of nanolayers of a cationic poly(β-amino ester) (polymer 1) and plasmid DNA (pPKCδ) encoding the δ isoform of protein kinase C (PKCδ), a regulator of apoptosis and other cell processes that has been demonstrated to reduce intimal hyperplasia in injured arterial tissue when administered via perfusion using viral vectors. Insertion of balloons coated with polymer 1/pPKCδ multilayers into injured arteries for 20 min resulted in local transfer of DNA and elevated levels of PKCδ expression in the media of treated tissue three days after delivery. IFC and IHC analysis revealed these levels of expression to promote downstream cellular processes associated with up-regulation of apoptosis. Analysis of arterial tissue 14 days after treatment revealed polymer 1/pPKCδ-coated balloons to reduce the occurrence of intimal hyperplasia by ~60% compared to balloons coated with films containing empty plasmid vectors. Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic value of this nanotechnology-based approach to local gene delivery in the clinically important context of balloon-mediated vascular interventions. These PEM-based methods could also prove useful for other in vivo applications that require short-term, surface-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L Bechler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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28
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Morgan S, Yamanouchi D, Harberg C, Wang Q, Keller M, Si Y, Burlingham W, Seedial S, Lengfeld J, Liu B. Elevated protein kinase C-δ contributes to aneurysm pathogenesis through stimulation of apoptosis and inflammatory signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2493-502. [PMID: 22879584 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.255661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a prominent pathological characteristic of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We have previously shown that SMC apoptosis stimulates proinflammatory signaling in a mouse model of AAA. Here, we test whether protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), an apoptotic mediator, participates in the pathogenesis of AAA by regulating apoptosis and proinflammatory signals. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse experimental AAA is induced by perivascular administration of CaCl(2). Mice deficient in PKCδ exhibit a profound reduction in aneurysmal expansion, SMC apoptosis, and transmural inflammation as compared with wild-type littermates. Delivery of PKCδ to the aortic wall of PKCδ(-/-) mice restores aneurysm, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative PKCδ mutant in the aorta of wild-type mice attenuates aneurysm. In vitro, PKCδ(-/-) aortic SMCs exhibit significantly impaired monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. Ectopic administration of recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 to the arterial wall of PKCδ(-/-) mice restores inflammatory response and aneurysm development. CONCLUSIONS PKCδ is an important signaling mediator for SMC apoptosis and inflammation in a mouse model of AAA. By stimulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic SMCs, upregulated PKCδ exacerbates the inflammatory process, in turn perpetuating elastin degradation and aneurysmal dilatation. Inhibition of PKCδ may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Calcium Chloride/adverse effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Elastin/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Protein Kinase C-delta/deficiency
- Protein Kinase C-delta/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-delta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Morgan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Li XD, Chen J, Ruan CC, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced osteopontin expression mediates vascular inflammation and neointima formation via Flt-1 in adventitial fibroblasts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2250-8. [PMID: 22814749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.255216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adventitia acts as an active participant in vascular inflammation but the precise mechanism underlying adventitia-mediated vascular inflammation is not fully understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates osteopontin (OPN) expression through Flt-1 in adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) to mediate vascular inflammation and neointima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS In primary cultured AFs, VEGF increased intracellular and secreted OPN expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was effectively suppressed by a specific anti-Flt-1 hexapeptide. Interestingly, VEGF treatment of AFs enhanced the capability of AF-conditioned medium to stimulate macrophages chemotaxis, and this effect was attenuated after blockade of OPN from AF-conditioned medium. Furthermore, perivascular delivery of anti-Flt-1 peptide preferentially concentrated in the adventitia resulted in a decrease of neointima formation after balloon injury in carotid arteries. The inhibition of neointima formation was preceded by significant reduction of VEGF and OPN expression with concurrent macrophage infiltration into adventitia after injury. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway was involved in OPN upregulation and macrophage chemotaxis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that VEGF/Flt-1 signaling plays a significant role in vascular inflammation and neointima formation by regulating OPN expression in AFs and provide insight into Flt-1 as a potential therapeutic target for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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