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Simula ER, Jasemi S, Cossu D, Manca PC, Sanna D, Scarpa F, Meloni G, Cusano R, Sechi LA. The Genetic Landscape of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases: A Comprehensive Multigene-Panel Study Identifying Key Gene Polymorphisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:438. [PMID: 38675400 PMCID: PMC11054024 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic rheumatic diseases, including conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, represent a complex array of autoimmune disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and diverse clinical manifestations. This study focuses on unraveling the genetic underpinnings of these diseases by examining polymorphisms in key genes related to their pathology. Utilizing a comprehensive genetic analysis, we have documented the involvement of these genetic variations in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Our study has identified several key polymorphisms with notable implications in rheumatic diseases. Polymorphism at chr11_112020916 within the IL-18 gene was prevalent across various conditions with a potential protective effect. Concurrently, the same IL18R1 gene polymorphism located at chr2_103010912, coding for the IL-18 receptor, was observed in most rheumatic conditions, reinforcing its potential protective role. Additionally, a further polymorphism in IL18R1 at chr2_103013408 seems to have a protective influence against the rheumatic diseases under investigation. In the context of emerging genes involved in rheumatic diseases, like PARK2, a significant polymorphism at chr6_161990516 was consistently identified across different conditions, exhibiting protective characteristics in these pathological contexts. The findings underscore the complexity of the genetic landscape in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and pave the way for a deeper understanding of their etiology and the possible development of more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rita Simula
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Davide Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Pietro Carmelo Manca
- S.C. Servizio Immunotrasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Gianfranco Meloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Centro di Ricerca, Sviluppo, Studi Superiori in Sardegna (CRS4), Pula, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.R.S.); (S.J.); (D.C.); (D.S.); (F.S.)
- Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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2
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Zhang Y, Fang XM. The pan-liver network theory: From traditional chinese medicine to western medicine. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:401-436. [PMID: 38149555 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver is the "general organ" that is responsible for governing/maintaining the free flow of qi over the entire body and storing blood. According to the classic five elements theory, zang-xiang theory, yin-yang theory, meridians and collaterals theory, and the five-viscera correlation theory, the liver has essential relationships with many extrahepatic organs or tissues, such as the mother-child relationships between the liver and the heart, and the yin-yang and exterior-interior relationships between the liver and the gallbladder. The influences of the liver to the extrahepatic organs or tissues have been well-established when treating the extrahepatic diseases from the perspective of modulating the liver by using the ancient classic prescriptions of TCM and the acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern medicine, as the largest solid organ in the human body, the liver has the typical functions of filtration and storage of blood; metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones, and foreign chemicals; formation of bile; storage of vitamins and iron; and formation of coagulation factors. The liver also has essential endocrine function, and acts as an immunological organ due to containing the resident immune cells. In the perspective of modern human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, the liver has the organ interactions with the extrahepatic organs or tissues, for example, the gut, pancreas, adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, eyes, skin, bone, and sexual organs, through the circulation (including hemodynamics, redox signals, hepatokines, metabolites, and the translocation of microbiota or its products, such as endotoxins), the neural signals, or other forms of pathogenic factors, under normal or diseases status. The organ interactions centered on the liver not only influence the homeostasis of these indicated organs or tissues, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic [dysfunction]-associated fatty liver diseases, and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases), pulmonary diseases, hyperuricemia and gout, chronic kidney disease, and male and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, based on TCM and modern medicine, the liver has the bidirectional interaction with the extrahepatic organ or tissue, and this established bidirectional interaction system may further interact with another one or more extrahepatic organs/tissues, thus depicting a complex "pan-hepatic network" model. The pan-hepatic network acts as one of the essential mechanisms of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Issue 12th of Guangxi Apprenticeship Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shi-Cheng Class of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), College of Continuing Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xian-Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (Guangxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Ruikang Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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3
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Chittimalli K, Jahan J, Sakamuri A, Weyrick H, Winkle W, Adkins S, Vetter SW, Jarajapu YPR. Reversal of aging-associated increase in myelopoiesis and expression of alarmins by angiotensin-(1-7). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2543. [PMID: 36782016 PMCID: PMC9925828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation largely due to increased myelopoiesis, which in turn increases risk for vascular disease. We have previously shown evidence for the therapeutic potential of Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) in reversing vasoreparative dysfunction in aging. This study tested the hypothesis that ischemic vascular repair in aging by Ang-(1-7) involves attenuation of myelopoietic potential in the bone marrow and decreased mobilization of inflammatory cells. Young or Old male mice of age 3-4 and 22-24 months, respectively, received Ang-(1-7) (1 µg/kg/min, s.c.) for four weeks. Myelopoiesis was evaluated in the bone marrow (BM) cells by carrying out the colony forming unit (CFU-GM) assay followed by flow cytometry of monocyte-macrophages. Expression of pro-myelopoietic factors and alarmins in the hematopoietic progenitor-enriched BM cells was evaluated. Hindlimb ischemia (HLI) was induced by femoral ligation, and mobilization of monocytes into the blood stream was determined. Blood flow recovery was monitored by Laser Doppler imaging and infiltration of inflammatory cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. BM cells from Old mice generated a higher number of monocytes (Ly6G-CD11b+Ly6Chi) and M1 macrophages (Ly6ChiF4/80+) compared to that of Young, which was reversed by Ang-(1-7). Gene expression of selected myelopoietic factors, alarmins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A14 and HMGb1) and the receptor for alarmins, RAGE, was higher in the Old hematopoietic progenitor-enriched BM cells compared to the Young. Increased expressions of these factors were decreased by Ang-(1-7). Ischemia-induced mobilization of monocytes was higher in Old mice with decreased blood flow recovery and increased infiltration of monocyte-macrophages compared to the Young, all of which were reversed by Ang-(1-7). Enhanced ischemic vascular repair by Ang-(1-7) in aging is largely by decreasing the generation and recruitment of inflammatory monocyte-macrophages to the areas of ischemic injury. This is associated with decreased alarmin signaling in the BM-hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Jesmin Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Anil Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Hope Weyrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Wink Winkle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Steven Adkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Stefan W Vetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Yagna P R Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Karakulak UN, Aladag E, Haznedaroğlu IC. Bone Marrow Origin of Coronary Artery Diseases: The Impact of the Local Renin-Angiotensin System. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2022; 38:13-20. [PMID: 35068878 PMCID: PMC8743471 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202201_38(1).20210830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has both important systemic circulatory and local effects. The effects of local cardiac RAS on the cardiovascular system have been increasingly researched. In this study, we review the relationship between local bone marrow and local cardiac RAS and their impacts on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elifcan Aladag
- Department of Hematology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Wu MF, Wang YC, Shen TC, Chang WS, Li HT, Liao CH, Gong CL, Wang ZH, Tsai CW, Hsia TC, Bau DAT. Significant Association of Interleukin-16 Genetic Variations to Taiwanese Lung Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:1117-1123. [PMID: 32354900 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Interleukin-16 has been reported to exhibit tumoricidal effects, however, the contribution of IL-16 genotypes to lung cancer is still largely unrevealed. This study aimed at investigating whether IL-16 genotypes contribute to lung cancer susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 genotypic characteristics were determined among 358 lung cancer patients and 716 controls via the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. RESULTS The highlight finding is that the distributions of genotypic (p=8.6E-10) and allelic (p=0.0001) frequencies of IL-16 rs11556218 was significantly different between cases and controls. In detail, the frequencies of IL-16 rs11556218 heterozygous variant TG and homozygous variant GG were 36.6 and 7.3% among the lung cancer patients, significantly higher than those among the controls (22.5% and 2.6%). On the other way, no difference was observed regarding IL-16 rs4778889 or IL-16 rs4072111. CONCLUSION The present study indicates IL-16 rs11556218 G allele is significantly associated with increased Taiwan lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Feng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Ting Li
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hsi Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Li Gong
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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6
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St. Paul A, Corbett CB, Okune R, Autieri MV. Angiotensin II, Hypercholesterolemia, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Perfect Trio for Vascular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4525. [PMID: 32630530 PMCID: PMC7350267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western and developing world, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing with the longer lifespan afforded by our modern lifestyle. Vascular diseases including coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke comprise the majority of cardiovascular diseases, and therefore represent a significant medical and socioeconomic burden on our society. It may not be surprising that these conditions overlap and potentiate each other when we consider the many cellular and molecular similarities between them. These intersecting points are manifested in clinical studies in which lipid lowering therapies reduce blood pressure, and anti-hypertensive medications reduce atherosclerotic plaque. At the molecular level, the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is the target, integrator, and effector cell of both atherogenic and the major effector protein of the hypertensive signal Angiotensin II (Ang II). Together, these signals can potentiate each other and prime the artery and exacerbate hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, VSMCs are the fulcrum in progression of these diseases and, therefore, understanding the effects of atherogenic stimuli and Ang II on the VSMC is key to understanding and treating atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review, we will examine studies in which hypertension and atherosclerosis intersect on the VSMC, and illustrate common pathways between these two diseases and vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael V. Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (A.S.P.); (C.B.C.); (R.O.)
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7
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Sawada H, Kukida M, Chen X, Howatt DA, Moorleghen JJ, Balakrishnan A, Wu C, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Angiotensin I Infusion Reveals Differential Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Aortic Resident Cells on Aneurysm Formation. Circ J 2020; 84:825-829. [PMID: 32238693 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin (Ang)I is cleaved by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to generate AngII. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of ACE in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in aortic aneurysms.Methods and Results:AngI infusion led to thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, which were ablated by ACE inhibition. Endothelial or smooth muscle cell-specific ACE deletion resulted in reduction of AngI-induced thoracic, but not abdominal, aortic dilatation. CONCLUSIONS AngI infusion causes thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. ACE in aortic resident cells has differential effects on AngI-induced thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Masayoshi Kukida
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | | | - Congqing Wu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
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Yamashita T, Ahmad S, Wright KN, Roberts DJ, VonCannon JL, Wang H, Groban L, Dell’Italia LJ, Ferrario CM. Noncanonical Mechanisms for Direct Bone Marrow Generating Ang II (Angiotensin II) Predominate in CD68 Positive Myeloid Lineage Cells. Hypertension 2020; 75:500-509. [PMID: 31813348 PMCID: PMC6949383 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) Ang II (angiotensin II) is a major participant in the regulation of hematopoiesis and immunity. The novel tissue substrate Ang-(1-12) [angiotensin-(1-12)] and its cleaving enzyme chymase are an essential source of Ang II production in cardiac tissue. We hypothesized this noncanonical chymase-mediated Ang II-producing mechanism exists in the BM tissue. Immunohistostaining and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of Ang-(1-12) immunoreaction in the BM of SD (Sprague Dawley) rats. Chymase-mediated Ang II-producing activity in BM was ≈1000-fold higher than ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)-mediated Ang II-producing activity (4531±137 and 4.2±0.3 fmol/min per mg, respectively; n=6; P<0.001) and 280-fold higher than chymase activity in the left ventricle of 16.3±1.7 fmol/min per mg (P<0.001). Adding a selective chymase inhibitor, TEI-F00806, eliminated almost all 125I-Ang II production. Flow cytometry demonstrated that delta median fluorescence intensity of chymase in cluster of differentiation 68 positive cells was significantly higher than that in cluster of differentiation 68 negative cells (1546±157 and 222±48 arbitrary units, respectively; P=0.0021). Cluster of differentiation 68 positive and side scatter low subsets, considered to be myeloid progenitors, express the highest chymase fluorescence intensity in rat BM. Chymase activity and cellular expression was similar in both male and female rats. In conclusion, myeloid lineage cells, especially myeloid progenitors, have an extraordinary Ang II-producing activity by chymase in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine
| | - Louis J. Dell’Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carlos M. Ferrario
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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9
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Ye F, Wang Y, Wu C, Howatt DA, Wu CH, Balakrishnan A, Mullick AE, Graham MJ, Danser AHJ, Wang J, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Angiotensinogen and Megalin Interactions Contribute to Atherosclerosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:150-155. [PMID: 30567480 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective- AGT (Angiotensinogen) is the unique precursor of the renin-angiotensin system that is sequentially cleaved by renin and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) to produce Ang II (angiotensin II). In this study, we determined how these renin-angiotensin components interact with megalin in kidney to promote atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- AGT, renin, ACE, and megalin were present in the renal proximal convoluted tubules of wild-type mice. Hepatocyte-specific AGT deficiency abolished AGT protein accumulation in proximal tubules and diminished Ang II concentrations in kidney, while renin was increased. Megalin was most abundant in kidney and exclusively present on the apical side of proximal tubules. Inhibition of megalin by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) led to ablation of AGT and renin proteins in proximal tubules, while leading to striking increases of urine AGT and renin concentrations, and 70% reduction of renal Ang II concentrations. However, plasma Ang II concentrations were unaffected. To determine whether AGT and megalin interaction contributes to atherosclerosis, we used both male and female low-density lipoprotein receptor-/- mice fed a saturated fat-enriched diet and administered vehicles (PBS or control ASO) or megalin ASO. Inhibition of megalin did not affect plasma cholesterol concentrations, but profoundly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in both male and female mice. Conclusions- These results reveal a regulatory role of megalin in the intrarenal renin-angiotensin homeostasis and atherogenesis, positing renal Ang II to be an important contributor to atherosclerosis that is mediated through AGT and megalin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiming Ye
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.).,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Ya Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.).,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Congqing Wu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Mark J Graham
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.)
| | | | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
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10
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Okwan-Duodu D, Weiss D, Peng Z, Veiras LC, Cao DY, Saito S, Khan Z, Bernstein EA, Giani JF, Taylor WR, Bernstein KE. Overexpression of myeloid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) reduces atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:573-579. [PMID: 31615657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are ubiquitous in all stages of atherosclerosis, exerting tremendous impact on lesion progression and plaque stability. Because macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques express angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), current dogma posits that local myeloid-mediated effects worsen the disease. In contrast, we previously reported that myeloid ACE overexpression augments macrophage resistance to various immune challenges, including tumors, bacterial infection and Alzheimer's plaque deposition. Here, we sought to assess the impact of myeloid ACE on atherosclerosis. METHODS A mouse model in which ACE is overexpressed in myelomonocytic lineage cells, called ACE10, was generated and sequentially crossed with ApoE-deficient mice to create ACE10/10ApoE-/- (ACE10/ApoE). Control mice were ACEWT/WTApoE-/- (WT/ApoE). Atherosclerosis was induced using an atherogenic diet alone, or in combination with unilateral nephrectomy plus deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt for eight weeks. RESULTS With an atherogenic diet alone or in combination with DOCA, the ACE10/ApoE mice showed significantly less atherosclerotic plaques compared to their WT/ApoE counterparts (p < 0.01). When recipient ApoE-/- mice were reconstituted with ACE10/10 bone marrow, these mice showed significantly reduced lesion areas compared to recipients reconstituted with wild type bone marrow. Furthermore, transfer of ACE-deficient bone marrow had no impact on lesion area. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that while myeloid ACE may not be required for atherosclerosis, enhanced ACE expression paradoxically reduced disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhenzi Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luciana C Veiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Semis M, Gugiu GB, Bernstein EA, Bernstein KE, Kalkum M. The Plethora of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Processed Peptides in Mouse Plasma. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6440-6453. [PMID: 31021607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, which regulates blood pressure. However, ACE activity is also essential for other physiological functions, presumably through processing of peptides unrelated to angiotensin. The goal of this study was to identify novel natural substrates and products of ACE through a series of mass-spectrometric experiments. This included comparing the ACE-treated and untreated plasma peptidomes of ACE-knockout (KO) mice, validation with select synthetic peptides, and a quantitative in vivo study of ACE substrates in mice with distinct genetic ACE backgrounds. In total, 244 natural peptides were identified ex vivo as possible substrates or products of ACE, demonstrating high promiscuity of the enzyme. ACE prefers to cleave substrates with Phe or Leu at the C-terminal P2' position and Gly in the P6 position. Pro in P1' and Iso in P1 are typical residues in peptides that ACE does not cleave. Several of the novel ACE substrates are known to have biological activities, including a fragment of complement C3, the spasmogenic C3f, which was processed by ACE ex vivo and in vitro. Analyses with N-domain-inactive (NKO) ACE allowed clarification of domain selectivity toward substrates. The in vivo ACE-substrate concentrations in WT, transgenic ACE-KO, NKO, and CKO mice correspond well with the in vitro observations in that higher levels of the ACE substrates were observed when the processing domain was knocked out. This study highlights the vast extent of ACE promiscuity and provides a valuable platform for further investigations of ACE functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Semis
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute , Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Gabriel B Gugiu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute , Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte , California 91010 , United States.,Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core Facility , Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute , Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte , California 91010 , United States.,Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core Facility , Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
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12
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Wu CH, Mohammadmoradi S, Chen JZ, Sawada H, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e108-e116. [PMID: 29950386 PMCID: PMC6039412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Shayan Mohammadmoradi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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14
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Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Kohler F, Bode V, Seibert E, Fiedler R, Girndt M. Monocytic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 relates to atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:287-298. [PMID: 28186543 PMCID: PMC7108029 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased levels of monocytic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) found in haemodialysis (HD) patients may directly participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated recently that uremia triggers the development of highly pro-atherogenic monocytes via an angiotensin II (AngII)–dependent mechanism. Opposing actions of the AngII-degrading ACE2 remain largely unknown. We examined the status of both ACEs and related receptors in circulating leukocytes of HD, not-dialyzed CKD and healthy individuals. Furthermore, we tested the possible impact of monocytic ACEs on atherogenesis and behaviour of the cells under conditions mimicking chronic renal failure. Methods: Expression of ACE, ACE2, AT1R, AT2R and MASR was investigated on circulating leukocytes from 71 HD (62 ± 14 years), 24 CKD stage 3–5 (74 ± 10 years) patients and 37 healthy control subjects (53 ± 6 years) and isolated healthy monocytes treated with normal and uremic serum. Analyses of ACE, ACE2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCSF and endothelial adhesion were tested on ACE-overexpressing THP-1 monocytes treated with captopril or losartan. ACE2-overexpressing monocytes were subjected to transmigration and adhesion assays and investigated for MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCSF, AT1R and AT2R expression. Results: The ACE mRNA level was significantly increased in HD and CKD stage 3–5 leukocytes. Correspondingly, ACE2 was downregulated and AngII as well as MAS receptor expression was upregulated in these cells. Healthy monocytes preconditioned with uremic serum reflected the same expressional regulation of ACE/ACE2, MAS and AngII receptors as those observed in HD and CKD stage 3–5 leukocytes. Overexpression of monocytic ACE dramatically decreased levels of ACE2 and induced a pro-atherogenic phenotype, partly reversed by AngII-modifying treatments, leading to an increase in ACE2. Overexpression of ACE2 in monocytes led to reduced endothelial adhesion, transmigration and downregulation of adhesion-related molecules. Conclusions: HD and not-dialyzed CKD stage 3–5 patients show enhanced ACE and decreased ACE2 expression on monocytes. This constellation renders the cells endothelial adhesive and likely supports the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Felix Kohler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Veronika Bode
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eric Seibert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Haruhara K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Kurotaki D, Kawase W, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Kinguchi S, Ohsawa M, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Matsuda M, Yamashita A, Nakajima H, Tamura T, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Tamura K. Angiotensin receptor-binding molecule in leukocytes in association with the systemic and leukocyte inflammatory profile. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:236-244. [PMID: 29407599 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The components of the renin-angiotensin system in leukocytes is involved in the pathophysiology of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) is an AT1R-specific binding protein, and is able to inhibit the pathological activation of AT1R signaling in certain animal models of NCDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and regulation of ATRAP in leukocytes. METHODS Human leukocyte ATRAP mRNA was measured with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction system, and analyzed in relation to the clinical variables. We also examined the leukocyte cytokines mRNA in bone-marrow ATRAP-deficient and wild-type chimeric mice after injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS The ATRAP mRNA was abundantly expressed in leukocytes, predominantly granulocytes and monocytes, of healthy subjects. In 86 outpatients with NCDs, leukocyte ATRAP mRNA levels correlated positively with granulocyte and monocyte counts and serum C-reactive protein levels. These positive relationships remained significant even after adjustment. Furthermore, the leukocyte ATRAP mRNA was significantly associated with the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels in leukocytes of NCDs patients. In addition, the leukocyte interleukin-1β mRNA level was significantly upregulated in bone marrow ATRAP-deficient chimeric mice in comparison to wild-type chimeric mice after injection of lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that leukocyte ATRAP is an emerging marker capable of reflecting the systemic and leukocyte inflammatory profile, and plays a role as an anti-inflammatory factor in the pathophysiology of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawase
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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16
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Zhu M, Yang M, Lin J, Zhu H, Lu Y, Wang B, Xue Y, Fang C, Tang L, Xu B, Jiang J, Chen X. Association of seven renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms with restenosis in patients following coronary stenting. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2017; 18:1470320316688774. [PMID: 28196432 PMCID: PMC5843879 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316688774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention, despite being effective for coronary revascularization, causes in-stent restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia in a large number of patients. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in neointimal hyperplasia. This study sought to evaluate seven gene polymorphisms of key renin-angiotensin system components, including angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1a receptors, and their associations with in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease following coronary stenting. Methods and results: Three hundred and fifty-two patients undergoing coronary drug-eluting stent implantation were recruited. Seventy-five patients (21.3%) were diagnosed as restenosis by angiography. Genotyping for angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion demonstrated a significant association of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype with the occurrence of restenosis. Direct DNA sequencing revealed no association of angiotensinogen (M235T, G217A, G152A, G-6A, and A-20C) or angiotensin II type I receptor A1166C polymorphisms with in-stent restenosis. However, angiotensin II type 1a A1166C polymorphism was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to restenosis in a subgroup of patients aged more than 60 years. Conclusion: Thus, our study suggests that genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion are associated with in-stent restenosis in coronary artery disease patients following coronary stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,2 Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Minjun Yang
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jiangbo Lin
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Bing Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yinshen Xue
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Congfeng Fang
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Lijiang Tang
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- 4 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- 1 Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,2 Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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17
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Wu C, Daugherty A, Lu H. A Color Segmentation-Based Method to Quantify Atherosclerotic Lesion Compositions with Immunostaining. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1614:21-30. [PMID: 28500592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7030-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition that atherosclerotic lesion composition, rather than size, is the determinant of acute events. Immunostaining is a commonly used method to characterize atherosclerotic lesion compositions. Here, we describe a color segmentation-based approach in HSI (hue, saturation, and intensity) color mode, which minimizes subjectivity and produces accurate and consistent quantifications of atherosclerotic lesion compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Wu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB Room 249, 741 S. Limestone, BBSRB B249, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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19
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Chen X, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Moorleghen JJ, Wu C, Cassis LA, Daugherty A, Lu H. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Atherosclerosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1085-9. [PMID: 27055902 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is present in many cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. This study determined whether ACE activity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), 2 major resident cell types of the aorta, contributes to hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS All study mice were in low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) background. To determine the contribution of ACE on endothelial cells to atherosclerosis, female ACE floxed mice were bred to male Tie2-Cre transgenic mice. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of ACE significantly decreased serum ACE activity, but had no effect on systolic blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Because ACE protein is present on SMCs, the most abundant cell type of the aorta, we then determined whether ACE on SMCs contributes to atherosclerosis. ACE was depleted from SMCs by breeding female ACE floxed mice with male SM22-Cre transgenic mice. SMC-specific deficiency of ACE did not affect ACE activity in serum, but ablated its presence and activity in the aortic media. Although SMC-specific deficiency of ACE had no effect on systolic blood pressure, it significantly attenuated hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in both male and female mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide direct evidence that ACE derived from endothelial cells does not play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Rather, SMC-derived ACE contributes to atherosclerosis, independent of circulating ACE activity and blood pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Blood Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hypercholesterolemia/enzymology
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/deficiency
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Jessica J Moorleghen
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Congqing Wu
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.)
| | - Hong Lu
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (X.C.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (X.C., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., C.W., A.D., H.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (A.D., H.L.).
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Lu H, Cassis LA, Kooi CWV, Daugherty A. Structure and functions of angiotensinogen. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:492-500. [PMID: 26888118 PMCID: PMC4935807 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the sole precursor of all angiotensin peptides. Although AGT is generally considered as a passive substrate of the renin-angiotensin system, there is accumulating evidence that the regulation and functions of AGT are intricate. Understanding the diversity of AGT properties has been enhanced by protein structural analysis and animal studies. In addition to whole-body genetic deletion, AGT can be regulated in vivo by cell-specific procedures, adeno-associated viral approaches and antisense oligonucleotides. Indeed, the availability of these multiple manipulations of AGT in vivo has provided new insights into the multifaceted roles of AGT. In this review, the combination of structural and functional studies is highlighted to focus on the increasing recognition that AGT exerts effects beyond being a sole provider of angiotensin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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21
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Lu H, Wu C, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Moorleghen JJ, Chen X, Zhao M, Graham MJ, Mullick AE, Crooke RM, Feldman DL, Cassis LA, Vander Kooi CW, Daugherty A. Angiotensinogen Exerts Effects Independent of Angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:256-65. [PMID: 26681751 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined whether angiotensinogen (AGT) has angiotensin II-independent effects using multiple genetic and pharmacological manipulations. APPROACH AND RESULTS All study mice were in low-density lipoprotein receptor -/- background and fed a saturated fat-enriched diet. In mice with floxed alleles and a neomycin cassette in intron 2 of the AGT gene (hypoAGT mice), plasma AGT concentrations were >90% lower compared with their wild-type littermates. HypoAGT mice had lower systolic blood pressure, less atherosclerosis, and diminished body weight gain and liver steatosis. Low plasma AGT concentrations and all phenotypes were recapitulated in mice with hepatocyte-specific deficiency of AGT or pharmacological inhibition of AGT by antisense oligonucleotide administration. In contrast, inhibition of AGT cleavage by a renin inhibitor, aliskiren, failed to alter body weight gain and liver steatosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor -/- mice. In mice with established adiposity, administration of AGT antisense oligonucleotide versus aliskiren led to equivalent reductions of systolic blood pressure and atherosclerosis. AGT antisense oligonucleotide administration ceased body weight gain and further reduced body weight, whereas aliskiren did not affect body weight gain during continuous saturated fat-enriched diet feeding. Structural comparisons of AGT proteins in zebrafish, mouse, rat, and human revealed 4 highly conserved sequences within the des(angiotensin I)AGT domain. des(angiotensin I)AGT, through adeno-associated viral infection in hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient mice, increased body weight gain and liver steatosis, but did not affect atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS AGT contributes to body weight gain and liver steatosis through functions of the des(angiotensin I)AGT domain, which are independent of angiotensin II production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Congqing Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Jessica J Moorleghen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Mingming Zhao
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Mark J Graham
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Adam E Mullick
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Rosanne M Crooke
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - David L Feldman
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.L., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., X.C., M.Z., A.D.); Departments of Physiology (H.L., A.D.), Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., A.E.M., R.M.C.); and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ (D.L.F.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris, France.
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23
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Wu C, Xu Y, Lu H, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Moorleghen JJ, Vander Kooi CW, Cassis LA, Wang JA, Daugherty A. Cys18-Cys137 disulfide bond in mouse angiotensinogen does not affect AngII-dependent functions in vivo. Hypertension 2015; 65:800-5. [PMID: 25691624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Renin cleavage of angiotensinogen (AGT) releases angiotensin I (AngI) in the initial step of producing all angiotensin peptides. It has been suggested recently that redox regulation of a disulfide bond in AGT involving Cys18-Cys137 may be important to its renin cleavage efficiency in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test this prediction in a mouse model by comparing AngII production and AngII-dependent functions in mice expressing wild-type AGT versus a mutated form of AGT lacking the disulfide bond. Wild-type (hepAGT+/+) and hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient (hepAGT-/-) littermates were developed in an low-density lipoprotein receptor -/- background. hepAGT+/+ mice were injected intraperitoneally with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing a null insert. hepAGT-/- mice were injected with AAV containing a null insert, wild-type AGT or Cys18Ser and Cys137Ser mutated AGT. Two weeks after AAV injection, mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Administration of AAV containing either form of AGT led to similar plasma AGT concentrations in hepAGT-/- mice. High plasma renin concentrations in hepAGT-/- mice were suppressed equally by both forms of AGT, which were accompanied by comparable increases of plasma AngII concentrations similar to hepAGT+/+ mice. AAV-driven expression of both forms of AGT led to equivalent increases of systolic blood pressure and augmentation of atherosclerotic lesion size in hepAGT-/- mice. These measurements were comparable to systolic blood pressure and atherosclerotic lesions in hepAGT+/+ mice. These data indicate that the Cys18-Cys137 disulfide bond in AGT is dispensable for AngII production and AngII-dependent functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Hong Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Jessica J Moorleghen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.)
| | - Jian-an Wang
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.).
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., Y.X., H.L., D.A.H., A.B., J.J.M., A.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.W., L.A.C., A.D.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (C.W.V.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and The Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Y.X., J.-a.W.).
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MicroRNA as a novel component of the tissue renin angiotensin system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:98-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Seibert E, Fiedler R, Girndt M. Uremic conditions drive human monocytes to pro-atherogenic differentiation via an angiotensin-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102137. [PMID: 25003524 PMCID: PMC4087008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Elevated expression levels of monocytic-ACE have been found in haemodialysis patients. They are not only epidemiologically linked with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease, but may also directly participate in the initial steps of atherosclerosis. To further address this question we tested the role of monocytic-ACE in promotion of atherosclerotic events in vitro under conditions mimicking those of chronic renal failure. Methods and Results Treatment of human primary monocytes or THP-1 cells with uremic serum as well as PMA-induced differentiation led to significantly up-regulated expression of ACE, further increased by additional treatment with LPS. Functionally, these monocytes revealed significantly increased adhesion and transmigration through endothelial monolayers. Overexpression of ACE in transfected monocytes or THP-1 cells led to development of more differentiated, macrophage-like phenotype with up-regulated expression of Arg1, MCSF, MCP-1 and CCR2. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 were also noticeably up-regulated. ACE overexpression resulted in significantly increased adhesion and transmigration properties. Transcriptional screening of ACE-overexpressing monocytes revealed noticeably increased expression of Angiotensin II receptors and adhesion- as well as atherosclerosis-related ICAM-1 and VCAM1. Inhibition of monocyte ACE or AngII-receptor signalling led to decreased adhesion potential of ACE-overexpressing cells. Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrate that uremia induced expression of monocytic-ACE mediates the development of highly pro-atherogenic cells via an AngII-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Eric Seibert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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