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Huang D, Jiao X, Huang S, Liu J, Si H, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Wang Y, Li Z. Analysis of the heterogeneity and complexity of murine extraorbital lacrimal gland via single-cell RNA sequencing. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:60-95. [PMID: 38945476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lacrimal gland is essential for maintaining ocular surface health and avoiding external damage by secreting an aqueous layer of the tear film. However, a healthy lacrimal gland's inventory of cell types and heterogeneity remains understudied. METHODS Here, 10X Genome-based single-cell RNA sequencing was used to generate an unbiased classification of cellular diversity in the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) of C57BL/6J mice. From 43,850 high-quality cells, we produced an atlas of cell heterogeneity and defined cell types using classic marker genes. The possible functions of these cells were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the CellChat was employed for a preliminary analysis of the cell-cell communication network in the ELG. RESULTS Over 37 subclasses of cells were identified, including seven types of glandular epithelial cells, three types of fibroblasts, ten types of myeloid-derived immune cells, at least eleven types of lymphoid-derived immune cells, and five types of vascular-associated cell subsets. The cell-cell communication network analysis revealed that fibroblasts and immune cells play a pivotal role in the dense intercellular communication network within the mouse ELG. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive transcriptome atlas and related database of the mouse ELG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yimian Wang
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Patrick R, Janbandhu V, Tallapragada V, Tan SSM, McKinna EE, Contreras O, Ghazanfar S, Humphreys DT, Murray NJ, Tran YTH, Hume RD, Chong JJH, Harvey RP. Integration mapping of cardiac fibroblast single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular principles of fibrosis in diverse pathologies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8501. [PMID: 38905342 PMCID: PMC11192082 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell technology has allowed researchers to probe tissue complexity and dynamics at unprecedented depth in health and disease. However, the generation of high-dimensionality single-cell atlases and virtual three-dimensional tissues requires integrated reference maps that harmonize disparate experimental designs, analytical pipelines, and taxonomies. Here, we present a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome integration map of cardiac fibrosis, which underpins pathophysiology in most cardiovascular diseases. Our findings reveal similarity between cardiac fibroblast (CF) identities and dynamics in ischemic versus pressure overload models of cardiomyopathy. We also describe timelines for commitment of activated CFs to proliferation and myofibrogenesis, profibrotic and antifibrotic polarization of myofibroblasts and matrifibrocytes, and CF conservation across mouse and human healthy and diseased hearts. These insights have the potential to inform knowledge-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Shannon S. M. Tan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Emily E. McKinna
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yen T. H. Tran
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Robert D. Hume
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Heart Failure and Diseases of the Aorta, The Baird Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - James J. H. Chong
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Mocci G, Sukhavasi K, Örd T, Bankier S, Singha P, Arasu UT, Agbabiaje OO, Mäkinen P, Ma L, Hodonsky CJ, Aherrahrou R, Muhl L, Liu J, Gustafsson S, Byandelger B, Wang Y, Koplev S, Lendahl U, Owens GK, Leeper NJ, Pasterkamp G, Vanlandewijck M, Michoel T, Ruusalepp A, Hao K, Ylä-Herttuala S, Väli M, Järve H, Mokry M, Civelek M, Miller CJ, Kovacic JC, Kaikkonen MU, Betsholtz C, Björkegren JL. Single-Cell Gene-Regulatory Networks of Advanced Symptomatic Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2024; 134:1405-1423. [PMID: 38639096 PMCID: PMC11122742 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While our understanding of the single-cell gene expression patterns underlying the transformation of vascular cell types during the progression of atherosclerosis is rapidly improving, the clinical and pathophysiological relevance of these changes remains poorly understood. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing data generated with SmartSeq2 (≈8000 genes/cell) in 16 588 single cells isolated during atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr-/-Apob100/100 mice with human-like plasma lipoproteins and from humans with asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid plaques was clustered into multiple subtypes. For clinical and pathophysiological context, the advanced-stage and symptomatic subtype clusters were integrated with 135 tissue-specific (atherosclerotic aortic wall, mammary artery, liver, skeletal muscle, and visceral and subcutaneous, fat) gene-regulatory networks (GRNs) inferred from 600 coronary artery disease patients in the STARNET (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task) study. RESULTS Advanced stages of atherosclerosis progression and symptomatic carotid plaques were largely characterized by 3 smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and 3 macrophage subtype clusters with extracellular matrix organization/osteogenic (SMC), and M1-type proinflammatory/Trem2-high lipid-associated (macrophage) phenotypes. Integrative analysis of these 6 clusters with STARNET revealed significant enrichments of 3 arterial wall GRNs: GRN33 (macrophage), GRN39 (SMC), and GRN122 (macrophage) with major contributions to coronary artery disease heritability and strong associations with clinical scores of coronary atherosclerosis severity. The presence and pathophysiological relevance of GRN39 were verified in 5 independent RNAseq data sets obtained from the human coronary and aortic artery, and primary SMCs and by targeting its top-key drivers, FRZB and ALCAM in cultured human coronary artery SMCs. CONCLUSIONS By identifying and integrating the most gene-rich single-cell subclusters of atherosclerosis to date with a coronary artery disease framework of GRNs, GRN39 was identified and independently validated as being critical for the transformation of contractile SMCs into an osteogenic phenotype promoting advanced, symptomatic atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Animals
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Mice
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Male
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mocci
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Katyayani Sukhavasi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and The Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Estonia (K.S., A.R., H.J.)
| | - Tiit Örd
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Sean Bankier
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway (S.B., T.M.)
| | - Prosanta Singha
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Olayinka Oluwasegun Agbabiaje
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L. Ma, S.K., K.H., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Chani J. Hodonsky
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (C.J.H., G.K.O., C.J.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Center for Public Health Genomics (C.J.H., R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics (C.J.H., R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Sonja Gustafsson
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Byambajav Byandelger
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L. Ma, S.K., K.H., J.L.M.B.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, United Kingdom (S.K.)
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (C.J.H., G.K.O., C.J.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (Y.W., N.J.L.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (G.P., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory (G.P., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Tom Michoel
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway (S.B., T.M.)
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and The Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Estonia (K.S., A.R., H.J.)
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L. Ma, S.K., K.H., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Marika Väli
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.V., C.B.)
- Department of Pathological anatomy and Forensic medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (M.V.)
| | - Heli Järve
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and The Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, Estonia (K.S., A.R., H.J.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (G.P., M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics (C.J.H., R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Clint J. Miller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (C.J.H., G.K.O., C.J.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.C.K.)
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia (J.C.K.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia (J.C.K.)
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (T.O., P.S., U.T.A., O.O.A., P.M., S.Y.-H., M.U.K.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.V., C.B.)
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (G.M., L. Muhl, J.L., S.G., B.B., U.L., M.V., C.B., J.L.M.B.)
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (L. Ma, S.K., K.H., J.L.M.B.)
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden (J.L.M.B.)
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4
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Torimoto K, Elliott K, Nakayama Y, Yanagisawa H, Eguchi S. Cardiac and perivascular myofibroblasts, matrifibrocytes, and immune fibrocytes in hypertension; commonalities and differences with other cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:567-580. [PMID: 38395029 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Cardiovascular fibrosis occurs with hypertension and contributes to vascular resistance, aortic stiffness, and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to fibroblast activation in hypertension remain largely unknown. There are two types of fibrosis: replacement fibrosis and reactive fibrosis. Replacement fibrosis occurs in response to the loss of viable tissue to form a scar. Reactive fibrosis occurs in response to an increase in mechanical and neurohormonal stress. Although both types of fibrosis are considered adaptive processes, they become maladaptive when the tissue loss is too large, or the stress persists. Myofibroblasts represent a subpopulation of activated fibroblasts that have gained contractile function to promote wound healing. Therefore, myofibroblasts are a critical cell type that promotes replacement fibrosis. Although myofibroblasts were recognized as the fibroblasts participating in reactive fibrosis, recent experimental evidence indicated there are distinct fibroblast populations in cardiovascular reactive fibrosis. Accordingly, we will discuss the updated definition of fibroblast subpopulations, the regulatory mechanisms, and their potential roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology utilizing new knowledge from various lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing studies. Among the fibroblast subpopulations, we will highlight the novel roles of matrifibrocytes and immune fibrocytes in cardiovascular fibrosis including experimental models of hypertension, pressure overload, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and nephrosclerosis. Exploration into the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and activation of those fibroblast subpopulations may lead to novel treatments for end-organ damage associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Torimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Elliott
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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6
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Gibson Hughes TA, Dona MSI, Sobey CG, Pinto AR, Drummond GR, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Aortic Cellular Heterogeneity in Health and Disease: Novel Insights Into Aortic Diseases From Single-Cell RNA Transcriptomic Data Sets. Hypertension 2024; 81:738-751. [PMID: 38318714 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Aortic diseases such as atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysms, and aortic stiffening are significant complications that can have significant impact on end-stage cardiovascular disease. With limited pharmacological therapeutic strategies that target the structural changes in the aorta, surgical intervention remains the only option for some patients with these diseases. Although there have been significant contributions to our understanding of the cellular architecture of the diseased aorta, particularly in the context of atherosclerosis, furthering our insight into the cellular drivers of disease is required. The major cell types of the aorta are well defined; however, the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing provides unrivaled insights into the cellular heterogeneity of each aortic cell type and the inferred biological processes associated with each cell in health and disease. This review discusses previous concepts that have now been enhanced with recent advances made by single-cell RNA sequencing with a focus on aortic cellular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A Gibson Hughes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
| | - Malathi S I Dona
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.S.I.D., A.R.P.)
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
| | - Alexander R Pinto
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.S.I.D., A.R.P.)
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia (T.A.G.H., C.G.S., A.R.P., G.R.D., A.V., M.J.)
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7
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Sharma D, Worssam MD, Pedroza AJ, Dalal AR, Alemany H, Kim HJ, Kundu R, Fischbein M, Cheng P, Wirka R, Quertermous T. Comprehensive Integration of Multiple Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data Sets Defines Distinct Cell Populations and Their Phenotypic Changes in Murine Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:391-408. [PMID: 38152886 PMCID: PMC11285358 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of single-cell transcriptomic (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis to the study of atherosclerosis has provided unique insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms that mediate disease risk and pathophysiology. However, nonstandardized methodologies and relatively high costs associated with the technique have limited the size and replication of existing data sets and created disparate or contradictory findings that have fostered misunderstanding and controversy. METHODS To address these uncertainties, we have performed a conservative integration of multiple published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets into a single meta-analysis, performed extended analysis of native resident vascular cells, and used in situ hybridization to map the disease anatomic location of the identified cluster cells. To investigate the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells to macrophage phenotype, we have developed a classifying algorithm based on the quantification of reporter transgene expression. RESULTS The reporter gene expression tool indicates that within the experimental limits of the examined studies, transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cell to the macrophage lineage is extremely rare. Validated transition smooth muscle cell phenotypes were defined by clustering, and the location of these cells was mapped to lesion anatomy with in situ hybridization. We have also characterized 5 endothelial cell phenotypes and linked these cellular species to different vascular structures and functions. Finally, we have identified a transcriptomically unique cellular phenotype that constitutes the aortic valve. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these analyses resolve a number of outstanding issues related to differing results reported with vascular disease single-cell RNA sequencing studies, and significantly extend our understanding of the role of resident vascular cells in anatomy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Matthew DeForest Worssam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alex R. Dalal
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haizea Alemany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Michael Fischbein
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 3312B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7126
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
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8
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Yi M, Zhu L, Peng W. The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38254235 PMCID: PMC10804662 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of a single organ. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying the role of ageing in disease development can facilitate the treatment of ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs of brain ageing have been observed in both AD patients and animal models. Alleviating the pathological changes caused by brain ageing can dramatically ameliorate the amyloid beta- and tau-induced neuropathological and memory impairments, indicating that ageing plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of several age-related factors on AD and propose that preventing pathological changes caused by brain ageing is a promising strategy for improving cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wu Z, Yin H, Guo Y, Yin H, Li Y. Detection of cell-type-enriched long noncoding RNAs in atherosclerosis using single-cell techniques: A brief review. Life Sci 2023; 333:122138. [PMID: 37805167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaque underlies the predominant factors and is composed of various cell types, including structure cells, such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been extensively applied to decipher these cellular heterogeneities to expand our understanding on the mechanisms of atherosclerosis (AS) and to facilitate identifying cell-type-specific long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs). LncRNAs have been demonstrated to deeply regulate biological activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A group of well-documented functional lncRNAs in AS have been studied. In our review, we selectively described several lncRNAs involved in the critical process of AS. We highlighted four novel lncRNAs (lncRNA CARMN, LINC00607, PCAT19, LINC01235) detected in scRNA-seq datasets and their functions in AS. We also reviewed open web source and bioinformatic tools, as well as the latest methods to perform an in-depth study of lncRNAs. It is fundamental to annotate functional lncRNAs in the various biological activities of AS, as lncRNAs may represent promising targets in the future for treatment and diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Huarun Yin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Guo
- Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongchao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China; Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China
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10
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Sun X, Lu Y, Wu J, Wen Q, Li Z, Tang Y, Shi Y, He T, Liu L, Huang W, Weng C, Wu Q, Xiao Q, Yuan H, Xu Q, Cai J. Meta-Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Reveals the Mechanism of Formation and Heterogeneity of Tertiary Lymphoid Organ in Vascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1867-1886. [PMID: 37589134 PMCID: PMC10521807 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are ectopic lymphoid organs developed in nonlymphoid tissues with chronic inflammation, but little is known about their existence in different types of vascular diseases and the mechanism that mediated their development. METHODS To take advantage of single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, we integrated 28 single-cell RNA sequencing data sets containing 5 vascular disease models (atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, intimal hyperplasia, isograft, and allograft) to explore TLOs existence and environment supporting its growth systematically. We also searched Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to January 2022 for published histological images of vascular remodeling for histological evidence to support TLO genesis. RESULTS Accumulation and infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells have been observed in various remodeling vessels. Interestingly, the proportion of such immune cells incrementally increases from atherosclerosis to intimal hyperplasia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, isograft, and allograft. Importantly, we uncovered that TLO structure cells, such as follicular helper T cells and germinal center B cells, present in all remodeled vessels. Among myeloid cells and lymphocytes, inflammatory macrophages, and T helper 17 cells are the major lymphoid tissue inducer cells which were found to be positively associated with the numbers of TLO structural cells in remodeled vessels. Vascular stromal cells also actively participate in vascular TLO genesis by communicating with myeloid cells and lymphocytes via CCLs (C-C motif chemokine ligands), CXCL (C-X-C motif ligand), lymphotoxin, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) chemotactic, FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2), and IGF (insulin growth factor) proliferation mechanisms, particularly for lymphoid tissue inducer cell aggregation. Additionally, the interaction between stromal cells and immune cells modulates extracellular matrix remodeling. Among TLO structure cells, follicular helper T, and germinal center B cells have strong interactions via TCR (T-cell receptor), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), and CXCL signaling, to promote the development and maturation of the germinal center in TLO. Consistently, by reviewing the histological images from the literature, TLO genesis was found in those vascular remodeling models. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed the existence of TLOs across 5 models of vascular diseases. The mechanisms that support TLOs formation in different models are heterogeneous. This study could be a valuable resource for understanding and discovering new therapeutic targets for various forms of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., H.Y.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengxin Li
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunmin Shi
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Liu
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital and High-Performance Computing Center (Q. Wu), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (Q. Xiao, Q. Xu)
| | - Hong Yuan
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., H.Y.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (Q. Xiao, Q. Xu)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Q. Xu)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Hinkley H, Counts DA, VonCanon E, Lacy M. T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2152. [PMID: 37681883 PMCID: PMC10486666 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Lacy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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12
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van Kuijk K, McCracken IR, Tillie RJHA, Asselberghs SEJ, Kheder DA, Muitjens S, Jin H, Taylor RS, Wichers Schreur R, Kuppe C, Dobie R, Ramachandran P, Gijbels MJ, Temmerman L, Kirkwoord PM, Luyten J, Li Y, Noels H, Goossens P, Wilson-Kanamori JR, Schurgers LJ, Shen YH, Mees BME, Biessen EAL, Henderson NC, Kramann R, Baker AH, Sluimer JC. Human and murine fibroblast single-cell transcriptomics reveals fibroblast clusters are differentially affected by ageing and serum cholesterol. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1509-1523. [PMID: 36718802 PMCID: PMC10318398 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Specific fibroblast markers and in-depth heterogeneity analysis are currently lacking, hindering functional studies in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, we established cell-type markers and heterogeneity in murine and human arteries and studied the adventitial fibroblast response to CVD and its risk factors hypercholesterolaemia and ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine aorta single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of adventitial mesenchymal cells identified fibroblast-specific markers. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry validated platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) across human and murine aorta, carotid, and femoral arteries, whereas traditional markers such as the cluster of differentiation (CD)90 and vimentin also marked transgelin+ vascular smooth muscle cells. Next, pseudotime analysis showed multiple fibroblast clusters differentiating along trajectories. Three trajectories, marked by CD55 (Cd55+), Cxcl chemokine 14 (Cxcl14+), and lysyl oxidase (Lox+), were reproduced in an independent RNA-seq dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed divergent functional profiles of the three trajectories, related to vascular development, antigen presentation, and/or collagen fibril organization, respectively. Trajectory-specific genes included significantly more genes with known genome-wide associations (GWAS) to CVD than expected by chance, implying a role in CVD. Indeed, differential regulation of fibroblast clusters by CVD risk factors was shown in the adventitia of aged C57BL/6J mice, and mildly hypercholesterolaemic LDLR KO mice on chow by flow cytometry. The expansion of collagen-related CXCL14+ and LOX+ fibroblasts in aged and hypercholesterolaemic aortic adventitia, respectively, coincided with increased adventitial collagen. Immunohistochemistry, bulk, and single-cell transcriptomics of human carotid and aorta specimens emphasized translational value as CD55+, CXCL14+ and LOX+ fibroblasts were observed in healthy and atherosclerotic specimens. Also, trajectory-specific gene sets are differentially correlated with human atherosclerotic plaque traits. CONCLUSION We provide two adventitial fibroblast-specific markers, PDGFRA and DPEP1, and demonstrate fibroblast heterogeneity in health and CVD in humans and mice. Biological relevance is evident from the regulation of fibroblast clusters by age and hypercholesterolaemia in vivo, associations with human atherosclerotic plaque traits, and enrichment of genes with a GWAS for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van Kuijk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ian R McCracken
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Renée J H A Tillie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan E J Asselberghs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dlzar A Kheder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Muitjens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S Taylor
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ruud Wichers Schreur
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Prakesh Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GROW, School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Phoebe M Kirkwoord
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joris Luyten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Noels
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John R Wilson-Kanamori
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barend M E Mees
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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13
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Härdtner C, Kumar A, Ehlert CA, Vico TA, Starz C, von Ehr A, Krebs K, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Stachon P, Heidt T, Wolf D, von Zur Mühlen C, Grüning B, Robbins CS, Maegdefessel L, Westermann D, Dederichs TS, Hilgendorf I. A comparative gene expression matrix in Apoe-deficient mice identifies unique and atherosclerotic disease stage-specific gene regulation patterns in monocytes and macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2023; 371:1-13. [PMID: 36940535 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease propagated by monocytes and macrophages. Yet, our knowledge on how transcriptome of these cells evolves in time and space is limited. We aimed at characterizing gene expression changes in site-specific macrophages and in circulating monocytes during the course of atherosclerosis. METHODS We utilized apolipoprotein E-deficient mice undergoing one- and six-month high cholesterol diet to model early and advanced atherosclerosis. Aortic macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, and circulating monocytes from each mouse were subjected to bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We constructed a comparative directory that profiles lesion- and disease stage-specific transcriptomic regulation of the three cell types in atherosclerosis. Lastly, the regulation of one gene, Gpnmb, whose expression positively correlated with atheroma growth, was validated using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) of atheroma plaque from murine and human. RESULTS The convergence of gene regulation between the three investigated cell types was surprisingly low. Overall 3245 differentially expressed genes were involved in the biological modulation of aortic macrophages, among which less than 1% were commonly regulated by the remote monocytes/macrophages. Aortic macrophages regulated gene expression most actively during atheroma initiation. Through complementary interrogation of murine and human scRNA-seq datasets, we showcased the practicality of our directory, using the selected gene, Gpnmb, whose expression in aortic macrophages, and a subset of foamy macrophages in particular, strongly correlated with disease advancement during atherosclerosis initiation and progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a unique toolset to explore gene regulation of macrophage-related biological processes in and outside the atheromatous plaque at early and advanced disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anup Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin A Ehlert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Antonela Vico
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Starz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander von Ehr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Krebs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Grüning
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Arcisstr. 21, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Eugeniavägen 3, Stockholm, Sweden; Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Arcisstr. 21, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsai-Sang Dederichs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsaesser Street 2Q, Freiburg, Germany.
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14
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Wen J, Ling R, Chen R, Zhang S, Dai Y, Zhang T, Guo F, Wang Q, Wang G, Jiang Y. Diversity of arterial cell and phenotypic heterogeneity induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:971091. [PMID: 36910156 PMCID: PMC9997679 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.971091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is the basis of atherosclerotic lesions, in which cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main factor involved with the atherosclerotic development. A high-fat and high-cholesterol diet can lead to this disorder in the human body, thus accelerating the process of disease. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing in recent years has opened the possibility to unbiasedly map cellular heterogeneity with high throughput and high resolution; alterations mediated by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet at the single-cell transcriptomic level can be explored with this mean afterward. We assessed the aortic arch of 16-week old Apoe-/- mice of two control groups (12 weeks of chow diet) and two HFD groups (12 weeks of high fat, high cholesterol diet) to process single-cell suspension and use single-cell RNA sequencing to anatomize the transcripts of 5,416 cells from the control group and 2,739 from the HFD group. Through unsupervised clustering, 14 cell types were divided and defined. Among these cells, the cellular heterogeneity exhibited in endothelial cells and immune cells is the most prominent. Subsequent screening delineated ten endothelial cell subsets with various function based on gene expression profiling. The distribution of endothelial cells and immune cells differs significantly between the control group versus the HFD one. The existence of pathways that inhibit atherosclerosis was found in both dysfunctional endothelial cells and foam cells. Our data provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of aortic arch cells and unravel the cellular heterogeneity brought by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. All these findings open new perspectives at the transcriptomic level to studying the pathology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yizhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Warwick T, Buchmann GK, Pflüger-Müller B, Spaeth M, Schürmann C, Abplanalp W, Tombor L, John D, Weigert A, Leo-Hansmann M, Dimmeler S, Brandes RP. Acute injury to the mouse carotid artery provokes a distinct healing response. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1125864. [PMID: 36824462 PMCID: PMC9941170 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1125864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of vascular stenosis with angioplasty results in acute vascular damage, which may lead to restenosis. Owing to the highly complex cellularity of blood vessels, the healing response following this damage is incompletely understood. To gain further insight into this process, scRNA-seq of mouse carotid tissue after wire injury was performed. Stages of acute inflammation, resolution and remodeling were recapitulated in these data. To identify cell types which give rise to neointima, analyses focused on smooth muscle cell and fibroblast populations, and included data integration with scRNA-seq data from myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis datasets. Following carotid injury, a subpopulation of smooth muscle cells which also arises during atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction was identified. So-called stem cell/endothelial cell/monocyte (SEM) cells are candidates for repopulating injured vessels, and were amongst the most proliferative cell clusters following wire-injury of the carotid artery. Importantly, SEM cells exhibit specific transcriptional profiles which could be therapeutically targeted. SEM cell gene expression patterns could also be detected in bulk RNA-sequencing of neointimal tissue isolated from injured carotid vessels by laser capture microdissection. These data indicate that phenotypic plasticity of smooth muscle cells is highly important to the progression of lumen loss following acute carotid injury. Interference with SEM cell formation could be an innovative approach to combat development of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giulia Karolin Buchmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuela Spaeth
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wesley Abplanalp
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Tombor
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David John
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Leo-Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,*Correspondence: Ralf P. Brandes,
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16
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Wu S, Liu S, Wang B, Li M, Cheng C, Zhang H, Chen N, Guo X. Single-cell transcriptome in silico analysis reveals conserved regulatory programs in macrophages/monocytes of abdominal aortic aneurysm from multiple mouse models and human. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1062106. [PMID: 36698942 PMCID: PMC9868255 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease and there is currently a lack of effective treatment to prevent it rupturing. ScRNA-seq studies of AAA are still lacking. In the study, we analyzed the published AAA scRNA-seq datasets from the mouse elastase-induced model, CaCl2 treatment model, Ang II-induced model and human by using bioinformatic approaches and in silico analysis. A total of 26 cell clusters were obtained and 11 cell types were identified from multiple mouse AAA models. Also, the proportion of Mφ/Mo increased in the AAA group and Mφ/Mo was divided into seven subtypes. There were significant differences in transcriptional regulation patterns of Mφ/Mo in different AAA models. The enrichment pathways of upregulated or downregulated genes from Mφ/Mo in the three mouse datasets were different. The actived regulons of Mφ/Mo had strong specificity and the repressed regulons showed high consistency. The co-upregulated genes as well as actived regulons and co-downregulated genes as well as repressed regulons were closely correlated and formed regulatory networks. Mφ/Mo from human AAA dataset was divided into five subtypes. The proportion of three macrophage subpopulations increased but the proportion of two monocyte subpopulations decreased. In the AAA group, the upregulated or downregulated genes of Mφ/Mo were enriched in different pathways. After further analyzing the genes in Mφ/Mo of both mouse and human scRNA-seq datasets, two genes were upregulated in the four datasets, IL-1B and THBS1. In conclusion, in silico analysis of scRNA-seq revealed that Mφ/Mo and their regulatory related genes as well as interaction networks played an important role in the pathogenesis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shibiao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baoheng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Center for Genome Analysis, Wuhan Ruixing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Hairong Zhang,
| | - Ningheng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Ningheng Chen,
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Xueli Guo,
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17
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Nettersheim FS, Armstrong SS, Durant C, Blanco-Dominguez R, Roy P, Orecchioni M, Suryawanshi V, Ley K. Titration of 124 antibodies using CITE-Seq on human PBMCs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20817. [PMID: 36460735 PMCID: PMC9718773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is widely used to characterize immune cell populations. However, mRNA levels correlate poorly with expression of surface proteins, which are well established to define immune cell types. CITE-Seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing) utilizes oligonucleotide-tagged antibodies to simultaneously analyze surface phenotypes and transcriptomes. Considering the high costs of adding surface phenotyping to scRNA-Seq, we aimed to determine which of 188 tested CITE-Seq antibodies can detect their antigens on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a commonly interrogated cell population in immunology, and find the optimal concentration for staining. The recommended concentration was optimal for 76 antibodies, whereas staining quality of 7 antibodies improved when the concentration was doubled. 33 and 8 antibodies still worked well when the concentration was reduced to 1/5 or 1/25, respectively. 64 antigens were not detected at any antibody concentration. Optimizing the antibody panel by removing antibodies not able to detect their target antigens and adjusting concentrations of the remaining antibodies will improve the analysis and may reduce costs. In conclusion, our data are a resource for building an informative and cost-effective panel of CITE-Seq antibodies and use them at their optimal concentrations in future CITE-seq experiments on human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Rafael Blanco-Dominguez
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Payel Roy
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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19
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Shi X, Zhu S, Liu M, Stone SS, Rong Y, Mao K, Xu X, Ma C, Jiang Z, Zha Y, Yan C, Yu X, Wu D, Liu G, Mi J, Zhao J, Li Y, Ding Y, Wang X, Zhang YB, Ji X. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals a Population of Smooth Muscle Cells Responsible for Atherogenesis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1939-1953. [PMID: 36465170 PMCID: PMC9662277 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regional propensity differences of atherosclerosis (AS) development is hindered by the lack of animal models suitable for the study of the disease process. In this paper, we used 3S-ASCVD dogs, an ideal large animal human-like models for AS, to interrogate the heterogeneity of AS-prone and AS-resistant arteries; and at the single-cell level, identify the dominant cells involved in AS development. Here we present data from 3S-ASCVD dogs which reliably mimic human AS pathophysiology, predilection for lesion sites, and endpoint events. Our analysis combined bulk RNA-seq with single-cell RNA-seq to depict the transcriptomic profiles and cellular atlas of AS-prone and AS-resistant arteries in 3S-ASCVD dogs. Our results revealed the integral role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in regional propensity for AS. Notably, TNC+ SMCs were major contributors to AS development in 3S-ASCVD dogs, indicating enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling and transition to myofibroblasts during the AS process. Moreover, TNC+ SMCs were also present in human AS-prone carotid plaques, suggesting a potential origin of myofibroblasts and supporting the relevance of our findings. Our study provides a promising large animal model for pre-clinical studies of ASCVD and add novel insights surrounding the regional propensity of AS development in humans, which may lead to interventions that delay or prevent lesion progression and adverse clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shi
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shangming Zhu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Meijing Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sara Saymuah Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yao Rong
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ke Mao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zha
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Yan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofan Yu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jidong Mi
- Beijing SINOGENE Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Beijing SINOGENE Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing SINOGENE Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Ding X, An Q, Zhao W, Song Y, Tang X, Wang J, Chang CC, Zhao G, Hsiai T, Fan G, Fan Y, Li S. Distinct patterns of responses in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells following vascular injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153769. [DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Li Q, Wang M, Zhang S, Jin M, Chen R, Luo Y, Sun X. Single-cell RNA sequencing in atherosclerosis: Mechanism and precision medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977490. [PMID: 36267275 PMCID: PMC9576927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of various vascular diseases, including those with high mortality, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, its pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated yet. Over the past few years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been developed and widely used in many biological fields to reveal biological mechanisms at the cellular level and solve the problems of cellular heterogeneity that cannot be solved using bulk RNA sequencing. In this review, we briefly summarize the existing scRNA-seq technologies and focus on their application in atherosclerosis research to provide insights into the occurrence, development and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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22
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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23
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Ma WF, Turner AW, Gancayco C, Wong D, Song Y, Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Hodonsky CJ, Prabhakar A, Ekiz HA, van der Laan SW, Miller CL. PlaqView 2.0: A comprehensive web portal for cardiovascular single-cell genomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:969421. [PMID: 36003902 PMCID: PMC9393487 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.969421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a powerful genomics technology to interrogate the cellular composition and behaviors of complex systems. While the number of scRNA-seq datasets and available computational analysis tools have grown exponentially, there are limited systematic data sharing strategies to allow rapid exploration and re-analysis of single-cell datasets, particularly in the cardiovascular field. We previously introduced PlaqView, an open-source web portal for the exploration and analysis of published atherosclerosis single-cell datasets. Now, we introduce PlaqView 2.0 (www.plaqview.com), which provides expanded features and functionalities as well as additional cardiovascular single-cell datasets. We showcase improved PlaqView functionality, backend data processing, user-interface, and capacity. PlaqView brings new or improved tools to explore scRNA-seq data, including gene query, metadata browser, cell identity prediction, ad hoc RNA-trajectory analysis, and drug-gene interaction prediction. PlaqView serves as one of the largest central repositories for cardiovascular single-cell datasets, which now includes data from human aortic aneurysm, gene-specific mouse knockouts, and healthy references. PlaqView 2.0 brings advanced tools and high-performance computing directly to users without the need for any programming knowledge. Lastly, we outline steps to generalize and repurpose PlaqView's framework for single-cell datasets from other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng Ma
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Adam W. Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christina Gancayco
- Research Computing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Research Computing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Chani J. Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ajay Prabhakar
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe, Turkey
| | - Sander W. van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Clint L. Miller
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Xu D. New insights into macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1239-1251. [PMID: 35930063 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in atherosclerotic patients are notably plastic and heterogeneous. Single-cell RNA sequencing (Sc RNA-seq) can provide information about all the RNAs in individual cells, and it is used to identify cell subpopulations in atherosclerosis (AS) and reveal the heterogeneity of these cells. Recently, some findings from Sc RNA-seq experiments have suggested the existence of multiple macrophage subsets in atherosclerotic plaque lesions, and these subsets exhibit significant differences in their gene expression levels and functions. These cells affect various aspects of plaque lesion development, stabilization, and regression, as well as plaque rupture. This article aims to review the content and results of current studies that used RNA-seq to explore the different types of macrophages in AS and the related molecular mechanisms as well as to identify the potential roles of these macrophage types in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. Also, this review listed some new therapeutic targets for delaying atherosclerotic lesion progression and treatment based on the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Sun X, Wu J, Liu L, Chen Y, Tang Y, Liu S, Chen H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Yuan H, Lu Y, Chen Z, Cai J. Transcriptional switch of hepatocytes initiates macrophage recruitment and T-cell suppression in endotoxemia. J Hepatol 2022; 77:436-452. [PMID: 35276271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver plays crucial roles in the regulation of immune defense during acute systemic infections. However, the roles of liver cellular clusters and intercellular communication in the progression of endotoxemia have not been well-characterized. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed, and the transcriptomes of 19,795 single liver cells from healthy and endotoxic mice were profiled. The spatial and temporal changes in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cell types were validated by multiplex immunofluorescence staining, bulk transcriptomic sequencing, or flow cytometry. Furthermore, we used an adeno-associated virus delivery system to confirm the major mechanisms mediating myeloid cell infiltration and T-cell suppression in septic murine liver. RESULTS We identified a proinflammatory hepatocyte (PIH) subpopulation that developed primarily from periportal hepatocytes and to a lesser extent from pericentral hepatocytes and played key immunoregulatory roles in endotoxemia. Multicellular cluster modeling of ligand-receptor interactions revealed that PIHs play a crucial role in the recruitment of macrophages via the CCL2-CCR2 interaction. Recruited macrophages (RMs) released cytokines (e.g., IL6, TNFα, and IL17) to induce the expression of inhibitory ligands, such as PD-L1, on hepatocytes. Subsequently, RM-stimulated hepatocytes led to the suppression of CD4+ and memory T-cell subsets partly via the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in endotoxemia. Furthermore, sinusoidal endothelial cells expressed the highest levels of proapoptotic and inflammatory genes around the periportal zone. This pattern of gene expression facilitated increases in the number of fenestrations and infiltration of immune cells in the periportal zone. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates unanticipated aspects of the cellular and molecular effects of endotoxemia on liver cells at the single-cell level and provides a conceptual framework for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for acute infection. LAY SUMMARY The liver plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune defense during acute systemic infections. We identified a proinflammatory hepatocyte subpopulation and demonstrated that the interactions of this subpopulation with recruited macrophages are pivotal in the immune response during endotoxemia. These novel findings provide a conceptual framework for the discovery of rational therapeutic targets in acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Suzhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Youxiang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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26
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gao Y, San T, Li X, Song S, Yan B, Zhao Z. Advances in application of single-cell RNA sequencing in cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905151. [PMID: 35958408 PMCID: PMC9360414 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution information on transcriptomic changes at the single-cell level, which is of great significance for distinguishing cell subtypes, identifying stem cell differentiation processes, and identifying targets for disease treatment. In recent years, emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have been used to make breakthroughs regarding decoding developmental trajectories, phenotypic transitions, and cellular interactions in the cardiovascular system, providing new insights into cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the technical processes of single-cell RNA sequencing and the latest progress based on single-cell RNA sequencing in the field of cardiovascular system research, compares single-cell RNA sequencing with other single-cell technologies, and summarizes the extended applications and advantages and disadvantages of single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, the prospects for applying single-cell RNA sequencing in the field of cardiovascular research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian San
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Binglong Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Zhao
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27
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Howe KL, Cybulsky M, Fish JE. The Endothelium as a Hub for Cellular Communication in Atherogenesis: Is There Directionality to the Message? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888390. [PMID: 35498030 PMCID: PMC9051343 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line every blood vessel and thereby serve as an interface between the blood and the vessel wall. They have critical functions for maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating vascular pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease where cholesterol and inflammatory cells accumulate in the artery wall below the endothelial layer and ultimately form plaques that can either progress to occlude the lumen or rupture with thromboembolic consequences – common outcomes being myocardial infarction and stroke. Cellular communication lies at the core of this process. In this review, we discuss traditional (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide) and novel (e.g., extracellular vesicles) modes of endothelial communication with other endothelial cells as well as circulating and vessel wall cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells and other immune cells, in the context of atherosclerosis. More recently, the growing appreciation of endothelial cell plasticity during atherogenesis suggests that communication strategies are not static. Here, emerging data on transcriptomics in cells during the development of atherosclerosis are considered in the context of how this might inform altered cell-cell communication. Given the unique position of the endothelium as a boundary layer that is activated in regions overlying vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque, there is a potential to exploit the unique features of this group of cells to deliver therapeutics that target the cellular crosstalk at the core of atherosclerotic disease. Data are discussed supporting this concept, as well as inherent pitfalls. Finally, we briefly review the literature for other regions of the body (e.g., gut epithelium) where cells similarly exist as a boundary layer but provide discrete messages to each compartment to govern homeostasis and disease. In this light, the potential for endothelial cells to communicate in a directional manner is explored, along with the implications of this concept – from fundamental experimental design to biomarker potential and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kathryn L. Howe
| | - Myron Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Saigusa R, Durant CP, Suryawanshi V, Ley K. Single-Cell Antibody Sequencing in Atherosclerosis Research. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:765-778. [PMID: 35238000 PMCID: PMC10155217 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptomic information obtained by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can be supplemented by information on the cell surface phenotype by using oligonucleotide-tagged monoclonal antibodies (scAb-Seq). This is of particular importance in immune cells, where the correlation between mRNA and cell surface expression is very weak. scAb-Seq is facilitated by the availability of commercial antibodies and antibody mixes. Now panels of up to 200 antibodies are available for human and mouse cells. Proteins are detected by antibodies conjugated to a tripartite DNA sequence that contains a primer for amplification and sequencing, a unique oligonucleotide that acts as an antibody barcode and a poly(dA) sequence, simultaneously detecting extension of antibody-specific DNA sequences and cDNAs in the same poly(dT)-primed reaction. For each cell, surface protein expression is captured and sequenced along with the cell's transcriptome. Here, we list the steps needed to produce antibody sequencing data from tissue or blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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29
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Survey of Approaches for Investigation of Atherosclerosis In Vivo. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:57-72. [PMID: 35237958 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although in vitro model systems are useful for investigation of atherosclerosis-associated processes, they represent simplification of complex events that occur in vivo, which involve interactions between many different cell types together with their environment. The use of animal model systems is important for more in-depth insights of the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and for identifying potential targets for agents that can prevent plaque formation and even reverse existing disease. This chapter will provide a survey of such animal models and associated techniques that are routinely used for research of atherosclerosis in vivo.
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Eberhardt N, Giannarelli C. How Single-Cell Technologies Have Provided New Insights Into Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:243-252. [PMID: 35109673 PMCID: PMC8966900 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative single-cell technologies has allowed the high-dimensional transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of individual blood and tissue cells. Recent single-cell studies revealed a new cellular heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaque tissue and allowed a better understanding of distinct immune functional states in the context of atherosclerosis. In this brief review, we describe how single-cell technologies have shed a new light on the cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques, and their response to diet perturbations or genetic manipulation in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We discuss how single-cell RNA sequencing, cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, and cytometry by time-of-flight platforms have empowered the identification of discrete immune, endothelial, and smooth muscle cell alterations in atherosclerosis progression and regression. Finally, we review how single-cell approaches have allowed mapping the cellular and molecular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques and the discovery of new immune alterations in plaques from patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,Correspondence to: Chiara Giannarelli, MD, PhD, 435 East 30th street, Science Building, New York, NY, 10016,
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been achieved largely through LDL-cholesterol-lowering regimes and therapies targeting other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the overall benefits of targeting these risk factors have stagnated, and a huge global burden of cardiovascular disease remains. The indispensable role of immunological components in the establishment and chronicity of atherosclerosis has come to the forefront as a clinical target, with proof-of-principle studies demonstrating the benefit and challenges of targeting inflammation and the immune system in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis by discussing findings from preclinical research and clinical trials. We also identify important challenges that need to be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical translation, including patient selection, identification of responders and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of patient immunophenotyping and potential surrogate end points for vascular inflammation. Finally, we provide strategic guidance for the translation of novel targets of immunotherapy into improvements in patient outcomes. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease; an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes drives chronic inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessel wall. Clinical trials assessing canakinumab and colchicine therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided proof-of-principle of the benefits associated with therapeutic targeting of the immune system in atherosclerosis. The immunosuppressive adverse effects associated with the systemic use of anti-inflammatory drugs can be minimized through targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic plaque, defining the window of opportunity for treatment and identifying more specific targets for cardiovascular inflammation. Implementing immunophenotyping in clinical trials in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will allow the identification of immune signatures and the selection of patients with the highest probability of deriving benefit from a specific therapy. Clinical stratification via novel risk factors and discovery of new surrogate markers of vascular inflammation are crucial for identifying new immunotherapeutic targets and their successful translation into the clinic.
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Fan Y, Zhou H, Liu X, Li J, Xu K, Fu X, Ye L, Li G. Applications of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Cardiovascular Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:810232. [PMID: 35174168 PMCID: PMC8841340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.810232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global disease burden. Extensive efforts have been made across basic, translational, and clinical research domains to curb the CVD epidemic and improve the health of the population. The successful completion of the Human Genome Project catapulted sequencing technology into the mainstream and aroused the interests of clinicians and scientific researchers alike. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which is based on the transcriptional phenotypes of individual cells, have enabled the investigation of cellular fate, heterogeneity, and cell–cell interactions, as well as cell lineage determination, at a single-cell resolution. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the embryological development of the cardiovascular system and the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, as revealed by scRNA-seq technology. In particular, we discuss how scRNA-seq can help identify potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and conclude with future perspectives for scRNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuexue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Lei Ye, ; Guang Li,
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Ye, ; Guang Li,
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McQueen LW, Ladak SS, Abbasciano R, George SJ, Suleiman MS, Angelini GD, Murphy GJ, Zakkar M. Next-Generation and Single-Cell Sequencing Approaches to Study Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:849675. [PMID: 35419441 PMCID: PMC8996078 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.849675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research into the development and progression of this disease, current management and treatment approaches remain unsatisfactory and further studies are required to understand the exact pathophysiology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of currently published data utilizing single-cell and next-generation sequencing techniques to identify key cellular and molecular contributions to atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Methods Electronic searches of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were undertaken from inception until February 2022. A narrative synthesis of all included studies was performed for all included studies. Quality assessment and risk of bias analysis was evaluated using the ARRIVE and SYRCLE checklist tools. Results Thirty-four studies were eligible for narrative synthesis, with 16 articles utilizing single-cell exclusively, 10 utilizing next-generation sequencing and 8 using a combination of these approaches. Studies investigated numerous targets, ranging from exploratory tissue and plaque analysis, cell phenotype investigation and physiological/hemodynamic contributions to disease progression at both the single-cell and whole genome level. A significant area of focus was placed on smooth muscle cell, macrophage, and stem/progenitor contributions to disease, with little focus placed on contributions of other cell types including lymphocytes and endothelial cells. A significant level of heterogeneity exists in the outcomes from single-cell sequencing of similar samples, leading to inter-sample and inter-study variation. Conclusions Single-cell and next-generation sequencing methodologies offer novel means of elucidating atherosclerosis with significantly higher resolution than previous methodologies. These approaches also show significant potential for translatability into other vascular disease states, by facilitating cell-specific gene expression profiles between disease states. Implementation of these technologies may offer novel approaches to understanding the disease pathophysiology and improving disease prevention, management, and treatment.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021229960, identifier: CRD42021229960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam W McQueen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shameem S Ladak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J George
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M-Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Tomas L, Prica F, Schulz C. Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718432. [PMID: 34759917 PMCID: PMC8573388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tomas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Prica
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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35
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Ji RC. The role of lymphangiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases and heart transplantation. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1837-1856. [PMID: 34735673 PMCID: PMC9388451 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lymphangiogenesis plays an important physiological role in the regulation of interstitial fluid homeostasis, inflammatory, and immune responses. Impaired or excessive cardiac lymphatic remodeling and insufficient lymph drainage have been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of functional lymphatics are not fully understood, the interplay between lymphangiogenesis and immune regulation has recently been explored in relation to the initiation and development of these diseases. In this field, experimental therapeutic strategies targeting lymphangiogenesis have shown promise by reducing myocardial inflammation, edema and fibrosis, and improving cardiac function. On the other hand, however, whether lymphangiogenesis is beneficial or detrimental to cardiac transplant survival remains controversial. In the light of recent evidence, cardiac lymphangiogenesis, a thriving and challenging field has been summarized and discussed, which may improve our knowledge in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and transplant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
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36
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Wang X, Wang R, Jiang L, Xu Q, Guo X. Endothelial repair by stem and progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:133-146. [PMID: 34743936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial barrier is required to maintain vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulatory system and surrounding tissues and to prevent the development of vascular disease. However, the origin of the newly developed endothelial cells is still controversial. Stem and progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate into endothelial cell lines and stimulate vascular regeneration in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. The one source of new endothelial cells was believed to come from the bone marrow, which was challenged by the recent findings. By administration of new techniques, including genetic cell lineage tracing and single cell RNA sequencing, more solid data were obtained that support the concept of stem/progenitor cells for regenerating damaged endothelium. Specifically, it was found that tissue resident endothelial progenitors located in the vessel wall were crucial for endothelial repair. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in stem and progenitor cell research in endothelial regeneration through findings from animal models and discussed clinical data to indicate the future direction of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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37
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Jiang L, Chen T, Sun S, Wang R, Deng J, Lyu L, Wu H, Yang M, Pu X, Du L, Chen Q, Hu Y, Hu X, Zhou Y, Xu Q, Zhang L. Nonbone Marrow CD34 + Cells Are Crucial for Endothelial Repair of Injured Artery. Circ Res 2021; 129:e146-e165. [PMID: 34474592 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (T. Chen)
| | - Shasha Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Lingxia Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Xiangyuan Pu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (L. Jiang, T. Chen, S. Sun, R. Wang, J. Deng, L. Lyu, H. Wu, X. Pu, L. Du, Y. Hu, X. Hu, Y. Zhou, Q. Xu).,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (Q. Xu)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (S. Sun, M. Yang, Q. Chen, L. Zhang)
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38
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Kan H, Zhang K, Mao A, Geng L, Gao M, Feng L, You Q, Ma X. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular heterogeneity in the ascending aortas of normal and high-fat diet-fed mice. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1379-1389. [PMID: 34548614 PMCID: PMC8492660 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aorta contains numerous cell types that contribute to vascular inflammation and thus the progression of aortic diseases. However, the heterogeneity and cellular composition of the ascending aorta in the setting of a high-fat diet (HFD) have not been fully assessed. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ascending aortas from mice fed a normal diet and mice fed a HFD. Unsupervised cluster analysis of the transcriptional profiles from 24,001 aortic cells identified 27 clusters representing 10 cell types: endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), immune cells (B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), mesothelial cells, pericytes, and neural cells. After HFD intake, subpopulations of endothelial cells with lipid transport and angiogenesis capacity and extensive expression of contractile genes were defined. In the HFD group, three major SMC subpopulations showed increased expression of extracellular matrix-degradation genes, and a synthetic SMC subcluster was proportionally increased. This increase was accompanied by upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Under HFD conditions, aortic-resident macrophage numbers were increased, and blood-derived macrophages showed the strongest expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our study elucidates the nature and range of the cellular composition of the ascending aorta and increases understanding of the development and progression of aortic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Geng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingjun You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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39
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Long-circulating XTEN864-annexin A5 fusion protein for phosphatidylserine-related therapeutic applications. Apoptosis 2021; 26:534-547. [PMID: 34405304 PMCID: PMC8370750 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A5 (anxA5) is a marker for apoptosis, but has also therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and, due to apoptotic mimicry, against dangerous viruses, which is limited by the short blood circulation. An 864-amino-acid XTEN polypeptide was fused to anxA5. XTEN864-anxA5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using XTEN as tag. XTEN864-anxA5 was coupled with DTPA and indium-111. After intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 111In-XTEN864-anxA5, mouse blood samples were collected for blood half-life determination and organ samples for biodistribution using a gamma counter. XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with 6S-IDCC to confirm binding to apoptotic cells using flow cytometry. To demonstrate targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with MeCAT(Ho) and administered intravenously to atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice. MeCAT(Ho)-XTEN864-anxA5 was detected together with MeCAT(Tm)-MAC-2 macrophage antibodies by imaging mass cytometry (CyTOF) of aortic root sections. The ability of anxA5 to bind apoptotic cells was not affected by XTEN864. The blood half-life of XTEN864-anxA5 was 13 h in mice after IV injection, markedly longer than the 7-min half-life of anxA5. 96 h after injection, highest amounts of XTEN864-anxA5 were found in liver, spleen, and kidney. XTEN864-anxA5 was found to target the adventitia adjacent to atherosclerotic plaques. XTEN864-anxA5 is a long-circulating fusion protein that can be efficiently produced in E. coli and potentially circulates in humans for several days, making it a promising therapeutic drug.
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40
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Jiang L, Sun X, Deng J, Hu Y, Xu Q. Different Roles of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vascular Remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:192-203. [PMID: 33107320 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Since the discovery of vascular stem cells, there has been considerable advancement in comprehending the nature and functions of these cells. Due to their differentiation potential to repair endothelial cells and to participate in lesion formation during vascular remodeling, it is crucial to elucidate vascular stem cell behaviors and the mechanisms underlying this process, which could provide new chances for the design of clinical therapeutic application of stem cells. Recent Advances: Over the past decades, major progress has been made on progenitor/vascular stem cells in the field of cardiovascular research. Vascular stem cells are mostly latent in their niches and can be bioactivated in response to damage and get involved in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell aggregation to generate neointima. Accumulating evidence has been shown recently, using genetic lineage tracing mouse models, to particularly provide solutions to the nature of vascular stem cells and to monitor both cell migration and the process of differentiation during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. Critical Issues: This article reviews and summarizes the current research progress of vascular stem cells in this field and highlights future prospects for stem cell research in regenerative medicine. Future Directions: Despite recent advances and achievements of stem cells in cardiovascular research, the nature and cell fate of vascular stem cells remain elusive. Further comprehensive studies using new techniques including genetic cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing are essential to fully illuminate the role of stem cells in vascular development and diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 192-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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41
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Li YH, Cao Y, Liu F, Zhao Q, Adi D, Huo Q, Liu Z, Luo JY, Fang BB, Tian T, Li XM, Liu D, Yang YN. Visualization and Analysis of Gene Expression in Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Tissue Section by Spatial Transcriptomics. Front Genet 2021; 12:698124. [PMID: 34262602 PMCID: PMC8275070 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.698124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spatial transcriptomics enables gene expression events to be pinpointed to a specific location in biological tissues. We developed a molecular approach for low-cell and high-fiber Stanford type A aortic dissection and preliminarily explored and visualized the heterogeneity of ascending aortic types and mapping cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains. Methods: We collected aortic samples from 15 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection and a case of ascending aorta was randomly selected followed by 10x Genomics and spatial transcriptomics sequencing. In data processing of normalization, component analysis and dimensionality reduction analysis, different algorithms were compared to establish the pipeline suitable for human aortic tissue. Results: We identified 19,879 genes based on the count level of gene expression at different locations and they were divided into seven groups based on gene expression trends. Major cell that the population may contain are indicated, and we can find different main distribution of different cell types, among which the tearing sites were mainly macrophages and stem cells. The gene expression of these different locations and the cell types they may contain are correlated and discussed in terms of their involvement in immunity, regulation of oxygen homeostasis, regulation of cell structure and basic function. Conclusion: This approach provides a spatially resolved transcriptome− and tissue-wide perspective of the adult human aorta and will allow the application of human fibrous aortic tissues without any effect on genes in different layers with low RNA expression levels. Our findings will pave the way toward both a better understanding of Stanford type A aortic dissection pathogenesis and heterogeneity and the implementation of more effective personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Application, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun-Yi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Application, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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42
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Fu M, Song J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Cellular Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:643519. [PMID: 34179129 PMCID: PMC8225933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.643519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
"A world in a wild flower, and a bodhi in a leaf," small cells contain huge secrets. The vasculature is composed of many multifunctional cell subpopulations, each of which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Single-cell transcriptomics captures the full picture of genes expressed within individual cells, identifies rare or de novo cell subpopulations, analyzes single-cell trajectory and stem cell or progenitor cell lineage conversion, and compares healthy tissue and disease-related tissue at single-cell resolution. Single-cell transcriptomics has had a profound effect on the field of cardiovascular research over the past decade, as evidenced by the construction of cardiovascular cell landscape, as well as the clarification of cardiovascular diseases and the mechanism of stem cell or progenitor cell differentiation. The classification and proportion of cell subpopulations in vasculature vary with species, location, genotype, and disease, exhibiting unique gene expression characteristics in organ development, disease progression, and regression. Specific gene markers are expected to be the diagnostic criteria, therapeutic targets, or prognostic indicators of diseases. Therefore, treatment of vascular disease still has lots of potentials to develop. Herein, we summarize the cell clusters and gene expression patterns in normal vasculature and atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and pulmonary hypertension to reveal vascular heterogeneity and new regulatory factors of cardiovascular disease in the use of single-cell transcriptomics and discuss its current limitations and promising clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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43
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Sbierski-Kind J, Mroz N, Molofsky AB. Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:10-31. [PMID: 34075598 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ-specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non-immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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44
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Yeo KP, Lim HY, Angeli V. Leukocyte Trafficking via Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061344. [PMID: 34072313 PMCID: PMC8229118 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lymphatic vessels have received increasing attention and our understanding of their development and functional roles in health and diseases has greatly improved. It has become clear that lymphatic vessels are critically involved in acute and chronic inflammation and its resolution by supporting the transport of immune cells, fluid, and macromolecules. As we will discuss in this review, the involvement of lymphatic vessels has been uncovered in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries causing deadly cardiovascular complications worldwide. The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with morphological and functional alterations in lymphatic vessels draining the diseased artery. These defects in the lymphatic vasculature impact the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by affecting immune cell trafficking, lymphoid neogenesis, and clearance of macromolecules in the arterial wall. Based on these new findings, we propose that targeting lymphatic function could be considered in conjunction with existing drugs as a treatment option for atherosclerosis.
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Jolly AJ, Lu S, Strand KA, Dubner AM, Mutryn MF, Nemenoff RA, Majesky MW, Moulton KS, Weiser-Evans MCM. Heterogeneous subpopulations of adventitial progenitor cells regulate vascular homeostasis and pathological vascular remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1452-1465. [PMID: 33989378 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by chronic vascular dysfunction and provoke pathological remodeling events such as neointima formation, atherosclerotic lesion development, and adventitial fibrosis. While lineage-tracing studies have shown that phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cellular component of neointimal lesions, the cellular origins and microenvironmental signaling mechanisms that underlie remodeling along the adventitial vascular layer are not fully understood. However, a growing body of evidence supports a unique population of adventitial lineage-restricted progenitor cells expressing the stem cell marker, stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1; AdvSca1 cells) as important effectors of adventitial remodeling and suggests that they are at least partially responsible for subsequent pathological changes that occur in the media and intima. AdvSca1 cells are being studied in murine models of atherosclerosis, perivascular fibrosis, and neointima formation in response to acute vascular injury. Depending on the experimental conditions, AdvSca1 cells exhibit the capacity to differentiate into SMCs, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and pro-remodeling cells such as myofibroblasts and macrophages. These data indicate that AdvSca1 cells may be a targetable cell population to influence the outcomes of pathologic vascular remodeling. Important questions remain regarding the origins of AdvSca1 cells and the essential signaling mechanisms and microenvironmental factors that regulate both maintenance of their stem-like, progenitor phenotype and their differentiation into lineage-specified cell types. Adding complexity to the story, recent data indicate that the collective population of adventitial progenitor cells is likely composed of several smaller, lineage-restricted subpopulations which are not fully defined by their transcriptomic profile and differentiation capabilities. The aim of this review is to outline the heterogeneity of Sca1+ adventitial progenitor cells, summarize their role in vascular homeostasis and remodeling, and comment on their translational relevance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Keith A Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Allison M Dubner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | | | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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Zhao G, Lu H, Chang Z, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Chang L, Guo Y, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Zhang J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the cellular heterogeneity of aneurysmal infrarenal abdominal aorta. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1402-1416. [PMID: 32678909 PMCID: PMC8064434 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The artery contains numerous cell types which contribute to multiple vascular diseases. However, the heterogeneity and cellular responses of these vascular cells during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression have not been well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the infrarenal abdominal aortas (IAAs) from C57BL/6J mice at Days 7 and 14 post-sham or peri-adventitial elastase-induced AAA. Unbiased clustering analysis of the transcriptional profiles from >4500 aortic cells identified 17 clusters representing nine-cell lineages, encompassing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells), and two types of rare cells, including neural cells and erythrocyte cells. Seurat clustering analysis identified four smooth muscle cell (SMC) subpopulations and five monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, with distinct transcriptional profiles. During AAA progression, three major SMC subpopulations were proportionally decreased, whereas the small subpopulation was increased, accompanied with down-regulation of SMC contractile markers and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes. Another AAA-associated cellular response is immune cell expansion, particularly monocytes/macrophages. Elastase exposure induced significant expansion and activation of aortic resident macrophages, blood-derived monocytes and inflammatory macrophages. We also identified increased blood-derived reparative macrophages expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines suggesting that resolution of inflammation and vascular repair also persist during AAA progression. CONCLUSION Our data identify AAA disease-relevant transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in the IAA. Furthermore, we characterize the heterogeneity and cellular responses of VSMCs and monocytes/macrophages during AAA progression, which provide insights into their function and the regulation of AAA onset and progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Cell Lineage
- Cluster Analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pancreatic Elastase
- Phenotype
- RNA-Seq
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, NCRC Bldg26, Room 357S. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hill CA, Fernandez DM, Giannarelli C. Single cell analyses to understand the immune continuum in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 330:85-94. [PMID: 33934886 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by the accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall that trigger a complex and poorly understood network of inflammatory processes. At the same time, recent clinical findings reveal that targeting specific immune alterations in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a promising approach to preventing recurrent cardiovascular events. In order to achieve these tailored therapies, it is critical to resolve the heterogenous environment of the atherosclerotic lesion and decipher the complex structural and functional changes which immune cells undergo throughout disease progression. Recently, single-cell approaches including single cell mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq) have emerged as valuable tools in resolving cellular plasticity within atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we will discuss the most important insights that have been gleaned from the application of these single-cell approaches to validated experimental models of atherosclerosis. Additionally, as clinical progress in treatment of the disease depends on the translation of discoveries to human tissues, we will also examine the challenges associated with the application of single-cell approaches to human vascular tissue and the discoveries made by the initial efforts in this direction. Finally, we will analyze the advantages and limitations of dissociative single-cell approaches and how novel in-situ technologies could advance the field by allowing for the investigation of individual cells while preserving the heterogenous architecture of the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center at NYU Langone NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Cheng J, Gu W, Lan T, Deng J, Ni Z, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Sun X, Yang Y, Xu Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell type- and artery type-specific vascular remodelling in male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1202-1216. [PMID: 32589721 PMCID: PMC7983007 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, vascular remodelling, a hallmark of hypertension, has not been systematically characterized yet. We described systematic vascular remodelling, especially the artery type- and cell type-specific changes, in hypertension using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to depict the cell atlas of mesenteric artery (MA) and aortic artery (AA) from SHRs. More than 20 000 cells were included in the analysis. The number of immune cells more than doubled in aortic aorta in SHRs compared to Wistar Kyoto controls, whereas an expansion of MA mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was observed in SHRs. Comparison of corresponding artery types and cell types identified in integrated datasets unravels dysregulated genes specific for artery types and cell types. Intersection of dysregulated genes with curated gene sets including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), receptors, etc. revealed vascular remodelling events involving cell-cell interaction and ECM re-organization. Particularly, AA remodelling encompasses upregulated cytokine genes in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and especially MSCs, whereas in MA, change of genes involving the contractile machinery and downregulation of ECM-related genes were more prominent. Macrophages and T cells within the aorta demonstrated significant dysregulation of cellular interaction with vascular cells. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first cell landscape of resistant and conductive arteries in hypertensive animal models. Moreover, it also offers a systematic characterization of the dysregulated gene profiles with unbiased, artery type-specific and cell type-specific manners during hypertensive vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhichao Ni
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Stein S, Weber J, Nusser-Stein S, Pahla J, Zhang HE, Mohammed SA, Oppi S, Gaul DS, Paneni F, Tailleux A, Staels B, von Meyenn F, Ruschitzka F, Gorrell MD, Lüscher TF, Matter CM. Deletion of fibroblast activation protein provides atheroprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1060-1069. [PMID: 32402085 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is upregulated at sites of tissue remodelling including chronic arthritis, solid tumours, and fibrotic hearts. It has also been associated with human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Yet, the causal role of FAP in atherosclerosis remains unknown. To investigate the cause-effect relationship of endogenous FAP in atherogenesis, we assessed the effects of constitutive Fap deletion on plaque formation in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (Apoe) or low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) knockout mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Using en face analyses of thoraco-abdominal aortae and aortic sinus cross-sections, we demonstrate that Fap deficiency decreased plaque formation in two atherosclerotic mouse models (-46% in Apoe and -34% in Ldlr knockout mice). As a surrogate of plaque vulnerability fibrous cap thickness was used; it was increased in Fap-deficient mice, whereas Sirius red staining demonstrated that total collagen content remained unchanged. Using polarized light, atherosclerotic lesions from Fap-deficient mice displayed increased FAP targets in terms of enhanced collagen birefringence in plaques and increased pre-COL3A1 expression in aortic lysates. Analyses of the Stockholm Atherosclerosis Gene Expression data revealed that FAP expression was increased in human atherosclerotic compared to non-atherosclerotic arteries. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide causal evidence that constitutive Fap deletion decreases progression of experimental atherosclerosis and increases features of plaque stability with decreased collagen breakdown. Thus, inhibition of FAP expression or activity may not only represent a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis but appears safe at the experimental level for FAP-targeted cancer therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Case-Control Studies
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endopeptidases/deficiency
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Fibrosis
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Proteome
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Weber
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Nusser-Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pahla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hui E Zhang
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2050, Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Australia
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Oppi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Gaul
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, Lille, 42 Rue Paul Duez, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, Lille, 42 Rue Paul Duez, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16 CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2050, Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Australia
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital Trust, Imperial College London, 77 Wimpole Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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