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Brito LC, Rice SPM, Bowles NP, Butler MP, McHill AW, Emens JS, Shea SA, Thosar SS. Identifying an acceptable number of ambulatory blood pressure measurements for accuracy of average blood pressure and nocturnal dipping status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H399-H405. [PMID: 38874614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the minimum number of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measures to accurately determine daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure (BP) averages and nocturnal dipping status (i.e., relative daytime:nighttime change). A total of 43 midlife participants wore an ABP monitor for 24 h with measurements every 20/30 min during the daytime/nighttime, as identified by a sleep diary. We calculated daytime/nighttime systolic BP average and dipping status from all available measurements per participant (i.e., normative data). We then calculated daytime and nighttime BP per participant based on a random selection of 8-20 and 4-10 measurements and replicated random selections 1,000 times. We calculated accuracy by checking the proportion from 1,000 different randomly selected samples for a particular number of measurements that systolic BP was ±5 mmHg of normative data, and dipping status remained unchanged for each participant compared with the normative value. The best fit for the regression model estimated the minimal number of measurements for an accuracy of 95% in BP averages. For a 95% accuracy in estimating daytime and nighttime systolic BP, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements were required. The highest accuracy for dipping status was 91.6 ± 13.4% using 20 daytime and 10 nighttime measures, while the lowest was (83.4 ± 15.1%) using 8 daytime and 4 nighttime measures. In midlife adults, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements are likely enough to calculate average systolic BPs accurately. However, no minimum number is suggested to accurately calculate dipping status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that a minimum of 11 blood pressure (BP) measures are necessary to calculate an accurate average daytime BP, and 8 nighttime measures are necessary to calculate an accurate nighttime average if 95% accuracy is acceptable. Regarding BP dipping status, the current recommendations (20 daytime/7 nighttime) inaccurately classified the dipping status 10.5% of the time, suggesting that guidelines may need to be updated to classify patients as nocturnal dippers or nondippers correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Brito
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sean P M Rice
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Nicole P Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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McHill AW, Melanson EL, Wright KP, Depner CM. Circadian misalignment disrupts biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk and promotes a hypercoagulable state. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39053917 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates 24-h time-of-day patterns of cardiovascular physiology, with circadian misalignment resulting in adverse cardiovascular risk. Although many proteins in the coagulation-fibrinolysis axis show 24-h time-of-day patterns, it is not understood if these temporal patterns are regulated by circadian or behavioral (e.g., sleep and food intake) cycles, or how circadian misalignment influences these patterns. Thus, we utilized a night shiftwork protocol to analyze circadian versus behavioral cycle regulation of 238 plasma proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Six healthy men aged 26.2 ± 5.6 years (mean ± SD) completed the protocol involving two baseline days with 8-h nighttime sleep opportunities (circadian alignment), a transition to shiftwork day, followed by 2 days of simulated night shiftwork with 8-h daytime sleep opportunities (circadian misalignment). Plasma was collected for proteomics every 4 h across 24 h during baseline and during daytime sleep and the second night shift. Cosinor analyses identified proteins with circadian or behavioral cycle-regulated 24-h time-of-day patterns. Five proteins were circadian regulated (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, angiopoietin-2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, follistatin-related protein-3, and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein-29). No cardiovascular-related proteins showed regulation by behavioral cycles. Within the coagulation pathway, circadian misalignment decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, increased tissue factor, and induced a 24-h time-of-day pattern in coagulation factor VII (all FDR < 0.10). Such changes in protein abundance are consistent with changes observed in hypercoagulable states. Our analyses identify circadian regulation of proteins involved in cardiovascular physiology and indicate that acute circadian misalignment could promote a hypercoagulable state, possibly contributing to elevated cardiovascular disease risk among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Cherubini JM, Cheng JL, Armstrong CM, Kamal MJ, Parise G, MacDonald MJ. Acute partial sleep restriction does not impact arterial function in young and healthy humans. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38900696 DOI: 10.1113/ep091699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Habitual short sleep durations are associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Experimental research generally supports these findings as metrics of arterial function are impaired after complete deprivation of sleep and after longer periods of partial sleep restriction. The acute influence of a single instance of partial sleep restriction (PSR), however, has not been defined. We evaluated arterial structure and function among 32 university-aged participants on two occasions: once after normal habitual sleep (NS), and again the morning after an acute partial sleep restriction (PSR) intervention involving only 3 h of sleep for a single night. Endothelial function was measured using ultrasonography at the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and a ramp peak oxygen uptake test was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood samples were collected from a subset of participants to investigate the influence of circulatory factors on cellular mechanisms implicated in endothelial function. Sleep duration was lower after a night of PSR compared to NS (P < 0.001); however, there were no appreciable differences in any haemodynamic outcome between conditions. FMD was not different between NS and PSR (NS: 6.5 ± 2.9%; PSR: 6.3 ± 2.9%; P = 0.668), and cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the haemodynamic response to PSR (all P > 0.05). Ex vivo cell culture results aligned with in vivo data, showing that acute PSR does not alter intracellular processes involved in endothelial function. No differences in arterial structure or function were observed between NS and acute PSR in healthy and young participants, and cardiorespiratory fitness does not modulate the arterial response to acute sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Cherubini
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin M Armstrong
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Kamal
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Trujillo-Rangel WÁ, Acuña-Vaca S, Padilla-Ponce DJ, García-Mercado FG, Torres-Mendoza BM, Pacheco-Moises FP, Escoto-Delgadillo M, García-Benavides L, Delgado-Lara DLC. Modulation of the Circadian Rhythm and Oxidative Stress as Molecular Targets to Improve Vascular Dementia: A Pharmacological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4401. [PMID: 38673986 PMCID: PMC11050388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythms generated by the master biological clock located in the brain's hypothalamus influence central physiological processes. At the molecular level, a core set of clock genes interact to form transcription-translation feedback loops that provide the molecular basis of the circadian rhythm. In animal models of disease, a desynchronization of clock genes in peripheral tissues with the central master clock has been detected. Interestingly, patients with vascular dementia have sleep disorders and irregular sleep patterns. These alterations in circadian rhythms impact hormonal levels, cardiovascular health (including blood pressure regulation and blood vessel function), and the pattern of expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, oxidative stress in vascular dementia can arise from ischemia-reperfusion injury, amyloid-beta production, the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, and alterations in neurotransmitters, among others. Several signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. While the precise mechanisms linking circadian rhythms and vascular dementia are still being studied, there is evidence to suggest that maintaining healthy sleep patterns and supporting proper circadian rhythm function may be important for reducing the risk of vascular dementia. Here, we reviewed the main mechanisms of action of molecular targets related to the circadian cycle and oxidative stress in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Ángel Trujillo-Rangel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Acuña-Vaca
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Danna Jocelyn Padilla-Ponce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Florencia Guillermina García-Mercado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (M.E.-D.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fermín P. Pacheco-Moises
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Martha Escoto-Delgadillo
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, Colonia Independencia, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (B.M.T.-M.); (M.E.-D.)
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez No. 2100, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (W.Á.T.-R.); (D.J.P.-P.); (F.G.G.-M.); (L.G.-B.)
| | - Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara
- Departamento de Formación Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Lomas del Valle, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
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Tian H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Research progress of circadian rhythm in cardiovascular disease: A bibliometric study from 2002 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28738. [PMID: 38560247 PMCID: PMC10979111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given that the circadian rhythm is intricately linked to cardiovascular physiological functions, the objective of this investigation was to employ bibliometric visualization analysis in order to scrutinize the trends, hotspots, and prospects of the circadian rhythm and cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the past two decades. Methods A thorough exploration of the literature related to the circadian rhythm and CVD was conducted via the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning the years 2002-2022. Advanced software tools, including citespace and VOSviewer, were employed to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the co-occurrence and collaborative relationships among countries, institutions, journals, references, and keywords found in this literature. Furthermore, correlation mapping was executed to provide a visual representation of the data. Results The present study encompassed a total of 3399 published works, comprising of 2691 articles and 708 reviews. The publications under scrutiny were primarily derived from countries such as the United States, Japan, and China. The most prominent research institutions were found to be the University of Vigo, University of Minnesota, and Harvard University. Notably, the journal Chronobiology International, alongside its co-cited publications, had the most substantial contribution to the research in this field. Following an exhaustive analysis, the most frequently observed keywords were identified as circadian rhythm, blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, heart rate variability, and melatonin. Furthermore, a nascent analysis indicated that future research might gravitate towards topics such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and autophagy, thereby indicating new directions for investigation. Conclusion This analysis represents the first instance of bibliometric scrutiny pertaining to circadian rhythm and its correlation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the use of visualization software. Notably, this study has succeeded in highlighting the recent research frontiers and prominent trajectories in this field, thereby providing a valuable contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Delisle BP, Prabhat A, Burgess DE, Ono M, Esser KA, Schroder EA. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology. Circ Res 2024; 134:659-674. [PMID: 38484028 PMCID: PMC11177776 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are ≈24-hour biological cycles regulated by internal biological clocks (ie, circadian clocks) that optimize organismal homeostasis in response to predictable environmental changes. These clocks are present in virtually all cells in the body, including cardiomyocytes. Many decades ago, clinicians and researchers became interested in studying daily patterns of triggers for sudden cardiac death, the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and cardiac arrhythmias. This review highlights historical and contemporary studies examining the role of day/night rhythms in the timing of cardiovascular events, delves into changes in the timing of these events over the last few decades, and discusses cardiovascular disease-specific differences in the timing of cardiovascular events. The current understanding of the environmental, behavioral, and circadian mechanisms that regulate cardiac electrophysiology is examined with a focus on the circadian regulation of cardiac ion channels and ion channel regulatory genes. Understanding the contribution of environmental, behavioral, and circadian rhythms on arrhythmia susceptibility and the incidence of sudden cardiac death will be essential in developing future chronotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Makoto Ono
- Division of Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Tamaki Hospital, Japan
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Webb AJ, Klerman EB, Mandeville ET. Circadian and Diurnal Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Circ Res 2024; 134:695-710. [PMID: 38484025 PMCID: PMC10942227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian and diurnal variation in cerebral blood flow directly contributes to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke, either through factors that trigger stroke or due to impaired compensatory mechanisms. Cerebral blood flow results from the integration of systemic hemodynamics, including heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, with cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, including cerebrovascular reactivity, autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling. We review the evidence for the circadian and diurnal variation in each of these mechanisms and their integration, from the detailed evidence for mechanisms underlying the nocturnal nadir and morning surge in blood pressure to identifying limited available evidence for circadian and diurnal variation in cerebrovascular compensatory mechanisms. We, thus, identify key systemic hemodynamic factors related to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke but particularly identify the need for further research focused on cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J.S. Webb
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
| | - Emiri T. Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.T.M.)
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Faraci FM, Scheer FA. Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2024; 134:810-832. [PMID: 38484034 PMCID: PMC10947115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 PMCID: PMC11207578 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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McHill AW, Thosar SS, Bowles NP, Butler MP, Ordaz-Johnson O, Emens JS, Purnell JQ, Gillingham M, Shea SA. Obesity alters the circadian profiles of energy metabolism and glucose regulation in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:315-323. [PMID: 37964700 PMCID: PMC10842330 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the complex interaction among the circadian system, energy metabolism, and obesity, the authors tested whether having obesity impacts the circadian variation in energy and glucose metabolism in humans. METHODS Participants with BMI either in the healthy weight or obesity ranges were studied in a 5-day, in-laboratory protocol that equally distributed behaviors (i.e., sleep, eating, exercise) across 24 h. Energy metabolism was measured at rest and during a standardized exercise bout and blood was sampled before and after each identical study meal to assess glucose and insulin levels. RESULTS In those with a healthy weight, the circadian nadir of energy expenditure, during both rest and exercise, occurred when participants would normally be asleep. However, in those with obesity, this nadir appears to occur during the habitual wake period. Differences in glucose regulation also depended on the circadian phase, such that individuals with obesity appeared to have relatively greater glucose intolerance during the circadian day and produced less insulin during the circadian night. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with altered circadian energy and glucose metabolism. Understanding and addressing these associations could lead to strategies that improve body weight and metabolic health in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
| | - Saurabh S. Thosar
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nicole P. Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
| | - Matthew P. Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Omar Ordaz-Johnson
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
| | - Jonathan S. Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
| | - Jonathan Q. Purnell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Melanie Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Brito LCD, Bowles NP, McHill AW, Rice SPM, Butler MP, Emens JS, Shea SA, Thosar SS. Chronological distribution of readings in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring exams affects the nighttime average and the magnitude of blood pressure dipping. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1394-H1399. [PMID: 37861648 PMCID: PMC10908404 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Averaged nighttime blood pressure (BP) is superior to daytime BP for cardiovascular risk stratification, and the relative change between daytime/nighttime BP (dipping%) significantly predicts cardiovascular risk. Newer reports suggest that 4 measurements at night may be enough for cardiovascular risk stratification. Since BP oscillates across the night, the temporal distribution of measurements across the night may impact nighttime BP and dipping%. Therefore, we compared average nighttime BP and dipping% when using measurements in the first half (1st-half), second (2nd-half), and a combination of both (combined). METHODS Forty-three (17 females and twenty-six males) midlife adults aged 50±10 years old wore an ambulatory BP monitor for 24 hours at home, programmed to measure BP every 20 minutes when scheduled for daytime and every 30 minutes during a self-selected 8-hour nighttime for time-in-bed. We compared the nighttime BP averages and dipping% when using either the first four measurements from the 1st-half or 2nd-half of the nighttime and combined. RESULTS Nighttime Systolic BP was significantly different across 1st-half, 2nd-half, and combined (111±9 vs.107±11 vs. 109±9 mmHg, p<0.01), respectively, with significant pairwise differences across all categories (p<0.01 for each). Systolic BP dipping% was significantly different across 1st-half, 2nd-half, and combined (9.9±5.5 vs.13.5±6.4 vs. 11.7±5.0 %, p<0.01), respectively, with significant pairwise differences across all categories (p<0.01 for each. Diastolic BP and diastolic dipping% were similar across the three different bins. CONCLUSION In midlife adults, systolic nighttime BP and dipping% may depend upon when BP measurements are taken during the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Campos de Brito
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Andrew W McHill
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sean P M Rice
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, United States
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, United States
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12
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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13
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Pranskunas A, Gulbinaite E, Navickaite A, Pranskuniene Z. Differences in Hemodynamic Response to Passive Leg Raising Tests during the Day in Healthy Individuals: The Question of Normovolemia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1606. [PMID: 37511981 PMCID: PMC10381249 DOI: 10.3390/life13071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The passive leg-raising (PLR) test was developed to predict fluid responsiveness and reduce fluid overload. However, the hemodynamic response of healthy individuals to the PLR test and how it changes during the day, between the morning and evening, after individuals have consumed food and fluids, has not been profoundly explored. This study aimed to compare the systemic hemodynamic changes in healthy individuals between morning and evening PLR tests. METHODS In this study, the PLR test was performed twice a day. The first PLR test was performed between 08h00 and 09h00 in the morning, while the second PLR test was performed between 20h00 and 21h00 in the evening. Hemodynamic parameters were measured using an impedance cardiography monitor, and a cutoff value of a 10% increase in stroke volume (SV) during the PLR test was used to differentiate between preload responders and non-responders. RESULTS We included 50 healthy volunteers in this study. When comparing the morning and evening PLR test results, we found no PLR-induced differences in heart rate (-3 [-8-2] vs. -2 [-8-4] beats/min, p = 0.870), SV (11 [5-22] vs. 12 [4-20] mL, p = 0.853) or cardiac output (0.7 [0.2-1.3] vs. 0.8 [0.1-1.4] L/min, p = 0.639). We also observed no differences in the proportion of preload responders during the PLR test between the morning and evening (64% vs. 66%, p = 0.99). However, there was a moderate agreement between the two PLR tests (morning and evening) (kappa = 0.429, p = 0.012). There was a moderate correlation between the changes in SV between the two PLR tests (rs = 0.50, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In young, healthy individuals, we observed no change in the systemic hemodynamic responsiveness to the PLR test between the morning and evening, without restriction of fluid and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Pranskunas
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu g. 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Gulbinaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Navickaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zivile Pranskuniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Chai R, Ye Z, Wu Q, Xue W, Shi S, Du Y, Wu H, Wei Y, Hu Y. Circadian rhythm in cardiovascular diseases: a bibliometric analysis of the past, present, and future. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:194. [PMID: 37355671 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most prominent features of living organisms is their circadian rhythm, which governs a wide range of physiological processes and plays a critical role in maintaining optimal health and function in response to daily environmental changes. This work applied bibliometric analysis to explore quantitative and qualitative trends in circadian rhythm in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It also aims to identify research hotspots and provide fresh suggestions for future research. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection was used to search the data on circadian rhythm in CVD. HistCite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. The analysis included the overall distribution of yearly outputs, top nations, active institutions and authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keywords. To assess the quality and efficacy of publications, the total global citation score (TGCS) and total local citation score (TLCS) were calculated. RESULTS There were 2102 papers found to be associated with the circadian rhythm in CVD, with the overall number of publications increasing year after year. The United States had the most research citations and was the most prolific country. Hermida RC, Young ME, and Ayala DE were the top three writers. The three most notable journals on the subject were Chronobiology International, Hypertension Research, and Hypertension. In the early years, the major emphasis of circadian rhythm in CVD was hormones. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction were the top developing research hotspots. CONCLUSION Circadian rhythm in CVD has recently received a lot of interest from the medical field. These topics, namely inflammation, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, are critical areas of investigation for understanding the role of circadian rhythm in CVD. Although they may not be future research priorities, they remain of significant importance. In addition, how to implement these chronotherapy theories in clinical practice will depend on additional clinical trials to get sufficient trustworthy clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Chai
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zelin Ye
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Du
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Thosar SS, Hodovan J, Kheiri B, McHill AW, Bowles NP, Butler MP, Rice SPM, Emens JS, Shea SA, Lindner JR. Endogenous Circadian System Increases Capacity for Enhanced Coronary Microvascular Function in the Morning. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1078-1080. [PMID: 37128924 PMCID: PMC10213130 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S. Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - James Hodovan
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239
| | - Babikir Kheiri
- Division of Cardiology at University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew W. McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239
| | - Nicole P. Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Matthew P. Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Sean P. M. Rice
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jonathan S. Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jonathan R. Lindner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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16
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Hohor S, Mandanach C, Maftei A, Zugravu CA, Oțelea MR. Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040959. [PMID: 37107334 PMCID: PMC10135726 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been associated in many studies with working in shifts. Even if the mechanistic details are not fully understood, forced sleep deprivation and exposure to light, as happens during night shifts, or irregular schedules with late or very early onset of the working program, lead to a sleep-wake rhythm misalignment, metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress. The cyclic melatonin secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and light exposure. At a central level, melatonin promotes sleep and inhibits wake-signals. Beside this role, melatonin acts as an antioxidant and influences the functionality of the cardiovascular system and of different metabolic processes. This review presents data about the influence of night shifts on melatonin secretion and oxidative stress. Assembling data from epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies contributes to a better understanding of the pathological links between chronodisruption and the metabolic syndrome related to working in shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Hohor
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Mandanach
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Maftei
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 134 Calea Plevnei, Sector 1, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Aurelia Zugravu
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
- Clinical Department 5, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Decompression Mechanism of Radish Seed in Prehypertension Rats through Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Methods. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2139634. [PMID: 36760467 PMCID: PMC9904934 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2139634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Radish seed (RS), the dried ripe seed of Raphanus sativus L., is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to reduce blood pressure. However, the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of RS in a rat model of prehypertension and assessed the mechanistic basis by integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics. RS administration significantly reduced blood pressure in prehypertensive male Wistar rats, negatively regulated endothelin-1, increased nitric oxide levels, and reduced the exfoliation of endothelium cells. In vitro vascular ring experiments further confirmed the effects of RS on vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, we identified 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; P adj < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2) and 52 metabolites (VIP > 1, P < 0.05 and FC ≥ 2 or ≤0.5) in the RS intervention group using RNA-seq and UPLC-MS/MS, respectively. A network of the DEGs and the metabolites was constructed,q which indicated that RS regulates purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, and its target genes are Pik3c2a, Hspa8, Dnaja1, Arntl, Ugt1a1, Dbp, Rasd1, and Aldh1a3. Thus, the antihypertensive effects of RS can be attributed to its ability to improve vascular endothelial dysfunction by targeting multiple genes and pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying prehypertension, along with novel targets for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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18
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Bowles NP, Thosar SS, Butler MP, Clemons NA, Robinson LD, Ordaz OH, Herzig MX, McHill AW, Rice SPM, Emens J, Shea SA. The circadian system modulates the cortisol awakening response in humans. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:995452. [PMID: 36408390 PMCID: PMC9669756 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.995452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, circulating cortisol usually peaks 30–60 min after awakening from nocturnal sleep, this is commonly referred to as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). We examined the extent to which the CAR is influenced by the circadian system, independent of behaviors including sleep. Materials and methods We examined the CAR in 34 adults (20 female) using two complementary multiday in-laboratory circadian protocols performed in dim light, throughout which behavioral factors were uniformly distributed across the 24-hour circadian cycle. Protocol 1 consisted of 10 identical consecutive 5-hour 20-minute sleep/wake cycles, and protocol 2 consisted of 5 identical consecutive 18-hour sleep/wake cycles. Salivary melatonin was used as the circadian phase marker (0° = dim light melatonin onset). During each sleep/wake cycle, salivary cortisol was measured upon scheduled awakening and 50-minutes later, with the change in cortisol defined as the CAR. Cosinor analyses were used to detect any significant circadian rhythmicity in the CAR. In secondary analyses, we adjusted the models for time awake before lights on, total sleep time, percent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and percent of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Results Both protocols revealed a similar circadian rhythm in the CAR, with peaks occurring at a circadian phase corresponding to 3:40–3:45 a.m., with no detectable CAR during the circadian phases corresponding to the afternoon. In addition to the sinusoidal component of the circadian rhythm, total sleep time was also associated with the CAR for protocol 1. The percent of sleep spent in REM or NREM sleep were not associated with the CAR in either protocol. Conclusion Our results show that the CAR exhibits a robust circadian rhythm that persists even after adjusting for prior sleep. Presuming that the CAR optimizes physiological responses to the anticipated stressors related to awakening, these findings may have implications for shift workers who wake up at unusual circadian phases. A blunted CAR in shift workers upon awakening in the evening may result in diminished responses to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P. Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicole P. Bowles,
| | - Saurabh S. Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew P. Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Noal A. Clemons
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - LaTroy D. Robinson
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Omar H. Ordaz
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya X. Herzig
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrew W. McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sean P. M. Rice
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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19
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Sahu M, Tripathi R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Cross talk mechanism of disturbed sleep patterns in neurological and psychological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104767. [PMID: 35811007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders continue to increase in the elderly populace, particularly those suffering from neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This not only affects the quality of life but also accelerates the progression of the disease. There are many reasons behind sleep disturbances in such patients, for instance, medication use, nocturia, obesity, environmental factors, nocturnal motor disturbances and depressive symptoms. This review focuses on the mechanism and effects of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Wherein we discuss disturbed circadian rhythm, signaling cascade and regulation of genes during sleep deprivation. Moreover, we explain the perturbation in brainwaves during disturbed sleep and the ocular perspective of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric manifestations in sleep disorders. Further, as the pharmacological approach is often futile and carries side effects, therefore, the non-pharmacological approach opens newer possibilities to treat these disorders and widens the landscape of treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India.
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
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20
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Brito LC, Marin TC, Azevêdo L, Rosa-Silva JM, Shea SA, Thosar SS. Chronobiology of Exercise: Evaluating the Best Time to Exercise for Greater Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3621-3639. [PMID: 35766829 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physiological function fluctuates across 24 h due to ongoing daily patterns of behaviors and environmental changes, including the sleep/wake, rest/activity, light/dark, and daily temperature cycles. The internal circadian system prepares the body for these anticipated behavioral and environmental changes, helping to orchestrate optimal cardiovascular and metabolic responses to these daily changes. In addition, circadian disruption, caused principally by exposure to artificial light at night (e.g., as occurs with night-shift work), increases the risk for both cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise is a countermeasure against cardiovascular and metabolic risk, and recent findings suggest that the cardiovascular benefits on blood pressure and autonomic control are greater with evening exercise compared to morning exercise. Moreover, exercise can also reset the timing of the circadian system, which raises the possibility that appropriate timing of exercise could be used to counteract circadian disruption. This article introduces the overall functional relevance of the human circadian system and presents the evidence surrounding the concepts that the time of day that exercise is performed can modulate the cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. Further work is needed to establish exercise as a tool to appropriately reset the circadian system following circadian misalignment to preserve cardiovascular and metabolic health. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3621-3639, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Brito
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Chronobiology Applied & Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Thais C Marin
- Chronobiology Applied & Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luan Azevêdo
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia M Rosa-Silva
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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21
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Hebl JT, Velasco J, McHill AW. Work Around the Clock: How Work Hours Induce Social Jetlag and Sleep Deficiency. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:249-259. [PMID: 35659023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has placed an increasing emphasis on how sleep affects health. Not only does insufficient sleep make one subjectively feel worse, but is associated with chronic diseases that are considered epidemics in industrialized nations. This is partly caused by the growing need for prolonged work and social schedules, exemplified by shift work, late-night weekends, and early morning work/school start times (social jetlag). Here, we consider fundamental relationships between the circadian clock and biologic processes and discuss how common practices, such as shift work and social jetlag, contribute to sleep disruption, circadian misalignment, and adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Hebl
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, School of Medicine, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Josie Velasco
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode: SN-ORD, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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22
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McClean C, Davison GW. Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020256. [PMID: 35204138 PMCID: PMC8868136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits.
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23
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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24
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Cheng CJ, Kuo YT, Chen JW, Wei GJ, Lin YJ. Probabilistic risk and benefit assessment of nitrates and nitrites by integrating total diet study-based exogenous dietary exposure with endogenous nitrite formation using toxicokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106807. [PMID: 34418847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of dietary nitrates and nitrites on human health have been a controversial topic for many years. However, the risk and benefit assessment of nitrates and nitrites is complicated by the large variation in nitrate and nitrite intake among people and the endogenous nitrite formation in the body. This study conducted a probabilistic risk-benefit assessment of dietary nitrates and nitrites based on internal dose by integrating exogenous and endogenous exposures with human trial data on cardiovascular benefits. A total diet study was carried out to quantify the age-specific dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. A previously well-validated human toxicokinetic model was used to predict internal doses for different age groups. In addition, the integrated approach was applied to different populations from different countries/regions based on reported exposure estimates to conduct a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment of dietary nitrates and nitrites. The results demonstrated that vegetable consumption was the main contributor to the internal nitrate and nitrite levels in all age groups. Exposure to nitrates and nitrites exceeding acceptable daily intakes in a variety of foods showed cardiovascular benefits. The probabilistic risk assessment showed that the exposure to nitrates and nitrites did not pose an appreciable health and safety risk. Therefore, the present results suggest that dietary nitrates and nitrites have clear cardiovascular benefits that may outweigh potential risks. Our analysis contributes significantly to addressing the controversy regarding risks and benefits from dietary nitrates and nitrites, and our approach could be applied to other dietary constituents with the potential for both risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jih Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jein-Wen Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Jien Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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25
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Delisle BP, George AL, Nerbonne JM, Bass JT, Ripplinger CM, Jain MK, Hermanstyne TO, Young ME, Kannankeril PJ, Duffy JF, Goldhaber JI, Hall MH, Somers VK, Smolensky MH, Garnett CE, Anafi RC, Scheer FAJL, Shivkumar K, Shea SA, Balijepalli RC. Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part 2: Population and Clinical Considerations. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e010190. [PMID: 34719257 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the sudden, unexpected death due to abrupt loss of heart function secondary to cardiovascular disease. In certain populations living with cardiovascular disease, SCD follows a distinct 24-hour pattern in occurrence, suggesting day/night rhythms in behavior, the environment, and endogenous circadian rhythms result in daily spans of increased vulnerability. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop, Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death to identify fundamental questions regarding the role of the circadian rhythms in SCD. Part 2 summarizes research gaps and opportunities in the areas of population and clinical research identified in the workshop. Established research supports a complex interaction between circadian rhythms and physiological responses that increase the risk for SCD. Moreover, these physiological responses themselves are influenced by several biological variables, including the type of cardiovascular disease, sex, age, and genetics, as well as environmental factors. The emergence of new noninvasive biotechnological tools that continuously measure key cardiovascular variables, as well as the identification of biomarkers to assess circadian rhythms, hold promise for generating large-scale human data sets that will delineate which subsets of individuals are most vulnerable to SCD. Additionally, these data will improve our understanding of how people who suffer from circadian disruptions develop cardiovascular diseases that increase the risk for SCD. Emerging strategies to identify new biomarkers that can quantify circadian health (eg, environmental, behavioral, and internal misalignment) may lead to new interventions and therapeutic targets to prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases that cause SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (B.P.D.)
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology (A.L.G.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- Cardiovascular Division, and Developmental Biology, Departments of Medicine (J.M.N.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joseph T Bass
- Department of Medicine (J.T.B.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Mukesh K Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (M.K.J.)
| | - Tracey O Hermanstyne
- Department of Developmental Biology (T.O.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (M.E.Y.)
| | - Prince J Kannankeril
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (P.J.K.)
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Department of Medicine (J.F.D.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua I Goldhaber
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.I.G.)
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.H.H.)
| | | | | | | | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (R.C.A.)
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine (F.A.J.L.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- Departement of Medicine, David Greffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (K.S.)
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (S.A.S.)
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26
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Thosar SS, Chess D, Bowles NP, McHill AW, Butler MP, Emens JS, Shea SA. Sleep Efficiency is Inversely Associated with Brachial Artery Diameter and Morning Blood Pressure in Midlife Adults, with a Potential Sex-Effect. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1641-1651. [PMID: 34588831 PMCID: PMC8473571 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s329359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep efficiency is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. Brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are noninvasive cardiovascular disease markers. We assessed the associations between sleep efficiency and these vascular markers in midlife adults, including people with sleep apnea. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty (18 males) participants completed an in-laboratory 8-hour sleep opportunity beginning at their habitual bedtimes. Polysomnography was used to assess sleep patterns and sleep efficiency (time asleep/time in bed). We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and baseline diameter, and FMD immediately upon awakening in the morning. Mixed model analyses, adjusting for apnea-hypopnea and body mass indices, were used to assess the relationship between overnight sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers. We also explored sex differences. RESULTS Sleep efficiency was negatively associated with baseline brachial artery diameter (p = 0.005), systolic BP (p = 0.01), and diastolic BP (p = 0.02), but not flow-mediated dilation or heart rate (p > 0.05). These relationships were confirmed with correlations between sleep efficiency and baseline diameter (r = -0.52, p = 0.004), systolic BP (r = -0.43, p = 0.017), and diastolic BP (r = -0.43, p = 0.019). There was a sex-specific interaction trend for sleep efficiency and arterial diameter (p = 0.07) and a significant sex-specific interaction (p < 0.05) for BP, such that the relationships between sleep efficiency and cardiovascular markers were significant in women but not in men. CONCLUSION In midlife adults, poor sleep efficiency is associated with increased brachial artery diameter and blood pressure, effects that were primarily driven by significant associations in women. These associations could underlie the observed increase in cardiovascular risk in adults with poor sleep and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Chess
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole P Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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27
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Zhang J, Sun R, Jiang T, Yang G, Chen L. Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Cardiovascular and Renal Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060868. [PMID: 34207942 PMCID: PMC8230716 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm, it increases on waking in the morning and decreases during sleeping at night. Disruption of the circadian BP rhythm has been reported to be associated with worsened cardiovascular and renal outcomes, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not clear. In this review, we briefly summarized the current understanding of the circadian BP regulation and provided therapeutic overview of the relationship between circadian BP rhythm and cardiovascular and renal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-86118984
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28
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Godo S, Suda A, Takahashi J, Yasuda S, Shimokawa H. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1625-1637. [PMID: 33761763 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan (H.S.)
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29
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Ballard KD, Timsina R, Timmerman KL. Influence of time of day and intermittent aerobic exercise on vascular endothelial function and plasma endothelin-1 in healthy adults. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1064-1071. [PMID: 33820455 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1907395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and elevated plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels may contribute to the higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events observed in the morning hours. A single bout of intermittent exercise abolishes the diurnal variation in FMD. Studies examining the effects of exercise on vascular and plasma ET-1 responses at different times of day are lacking. We determined the effects of time of day and intermittent aerobic exercise on brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that lower brachial artery FMD in the morning (compared to the afternoon) will be accompanied by higher plasma ET-1 levels. Additionally, we hypothesized that the diurnal variation in brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 will be abolished by performing a single bout of intermittent aerobic exercise. Utilizing a randomized, cross-over design, healthy adults [n = 12; 22 ± 4 y; 25.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2] completed two separate trials: morning (08:00 h) and afternoon (16:00 h). Brachial artery FMD and plasma ET-1 were measured prior to and immediately following a bout of intermittent cycling performed at 70% peak Watts. Brachial artery FMD was lower (P < .05) at 08:00 h (4.4 ± 3.4%) compared to 16:00 h (6.3 ± 3.7%), but was unaffected by exercise (4.8 ± 3.9% and 5.7 ± 2.2% for 08:00 h and 16:00 h, respectively). Plasma ET-1 was unaffected by time of day. Compared to pre-exercise, plasma ET-1 decreased (P < .01) at both times of day. Our data indicate that circulating ET-1 levels do not explain the lower morning FMD in healthy adults. Further, a bout of intermittent exercise did not affect brachial artery FMD but decreased plasma ET-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ballard
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Roshan Timsina
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle L Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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30
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Thosar SS, Shea SA. Circadian control of human cardiovascular function. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:89-97. [PMID: 33610933 PMCID: PMC8165005 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian rhythms prepare the cardiovascular (CV) system for optimal function to match the daily anticipated behavioral and environmental cycles, including variable activities when awake during the day and recuperation when sleeping at night. The overall day-night patterns in most CV variables result from the summation of predictable circadian effects with variable behavioral and environmental effects on the CV system. The circadian system has also been implicated in the morning peak in the incidence of adverse CV events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. We discuss the resting and stress-reactive circadian control of CV physiology in humans and suggest future research opportunities, including improving CV therapy by optimally timing therapy relative to a person's internal body clock time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239, United States; School of Nursing, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, United States; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239, United States; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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31
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Effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review. GeroScience 2021; 43:137-158. [PMID: 33558966 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Age-related alterations in sleep and chronobiology may exaggerate CVD susceptibility in older individuals. The mechanisms responsible for the association between sleep deprivation and CVD are not fully understood, but endothelial dysfunction may play a central role. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence on the effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function (EF). This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020192485, 07/24/2020). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published through May 1, 2020. Eligibility criteria included publication in English and use of well-established EF methodologies in adult humans. Two investigators independently performed the literature search, study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and qualitative data synthesis. Out of 3571 articles identified, 24 articles were included in the systematic review. Main findings include the following: (1) shorter sleep duration is associated with lower macrovascular EF; (2) not sleeping 7-9 h/night is linked with impaired microvascular EF; (3) sleep restriction impairs micro- and macrovascular EF; (4) acute total sleep deprivation impairs micro- and macrovascular EF but data on macrovascular EF are less consistent; and (5) shift work impairs macrovascular EF. In conclusion, sleep deprivation impairs EF, which may explain the link between insufficient sleep and CVD. Future investigations should fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to combat the adverse endothelial effects of sleep deprivation across the lifespan.
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32
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Douma LG, Barral D, Gumz ML. Interplay of the Circadian Clock and Endothelin System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:35-43. [PMID: 33325818 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone endothelin-1 and its receptors are linked to several disease states. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway has proven beneficial in pulmonary hypertension, yet its potential in other disease states remains to be realized. This review considers an often understudied aspect of endothelin biology, circadian rhythm regulation and how understanding the intersection between endothelin signaling and the circadian clock may be leveraged to realize the potential of endothelin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dominique Barral
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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33
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Emens JS, Berman AM, Thosar SS, Butler MP, Roberts SA, Clemons NA, Herzig MX, McHill AW, Morimoto M, Bowles NP, Shea SA. Circadian rhythm in negative affect: Implications for mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113337. [PMID: 32777620 PMCID: PMC8053038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In humans, there is an endogenous, near 24-h (i.e., circadian) variation in mood with the best mood occurring during the circadian day and the worst mood occurring during the circadian night. Only positive affect, and not negative affect, has been shown to contribute to this circadian rhythm. We discovered a sharp circadian peak in negative affect during the circadian night coincident with a circadian trough in positive affect. These findings may help explain the association of depression with insomnia, the increased risk of suicide with nocturnal wakefulness, and the correlation between circadian misalignment and symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Emens
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239,VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239,Corresponding Author: Jonathan Emens, MD, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Mailcode: P3-MHADM, Portland, OR 97239, , 503-220-8262, ext. 58490
| | - Alec M. Berman
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Saurabh S. Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239,School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Matthew P. Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Sally A. Roberts
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Noal A. Clemons
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Maya X. Herzig
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Andrew W. McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Miki Morimoto
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Nicole P. Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239
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Gao Y, Galis ZS. Exploring the Role of Endothelial Cell Resilience in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:179-185. [PMID: 33086867 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, much research effort has been invested into focusing on disease, understanding pathogenic mechanisms, identifying risk factors, and developing effective treatments. A few recent studies unraveling the basis for absence of disease, including cardiovascular disease, despite existing risk factors, a phenomenon commonly known as resilience, are adding new knowledge and suggesting novel therapeutic approaches. Given the central role of endothelial function in cardiovascular health, we herein provide a number of considerations that warrant future research and considering a paradigm shift toward identifying the molecular underpinnings of endothelial resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Gao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zorina S Galis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Cherubini JM, Cheng JL, Williams JS, MacDonald MJ. Sleep deprivation and endothelial function: reconciling seminal evidence with recent perspectives. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H29-H35. [PMID: 33064569 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00607.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is critical for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and, as such, inadequate sleep beckons a myriad of pathologies. Sleep deprivation is a growing health concern in contemporary society since short sleep durations are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and atherosclerotic plaque development. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an antecedent to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review seminal literature indicating that short sleep durations attenuate endothelial function and explore more recent evidence indicating that sleep deprivation perturbs autonomic balance and the circadian rhythmicity of peripheral vascular clock components. We further examine literature that indicates a mechanistic link between short sleep duration and endothelial dysfunction and subsequent morbidity. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate endothelial function in the context of sleep deprivation facilitates the development and optimization of interventions, such as exercise, that mitigate the ramifications of inadequate sleep on vascular function and cardiovascular health.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sleep-deprivation-and-endothelial-function/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Zhou Z, Yuan J, Zhu D, Chen Y, Qian Z, Wang Y, Ge P, Wang Q, Hou X, Zou J. CLOCK-BMAL1 regulates circadian oscillation of ventricular arrhythmias in failing hearts through β1 adrenergic receptor. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6122-6135. [PMID: 33194018 PMCID: PMC7653582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibits a notable circadian rhythm, for which the underlying mechanism has not yet been well defined. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of cardiac core circadian genes on circadian VAs in CHF. First, a guinea pig CHF model was created by transaortic constriction. Circadian oscillation of core clock genes was evaluated by RT-PCR and was found to be unaltered in CHF (P > 0.05). Using programmed electrical stimulation in Langendorff-perfused failing hearts, we discovered that the CHF group exhibited increased VAs with greater incidence at CT3 compared to CT15 upon isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation. Circadian VAs was blunted by a β1-AR-selective blocker rather than a β2-AR-selective blocker. Circadian oscillation of β1-AR was retained in CHF (P > 0.05) and a 4-h phase delay between β1-AR and CLOCK-BMAL1 was recorded. Therefore, when CLOCK-BMAL1 was overexpressed using adenovirus infection, an induced overexpression of β1-AR also ensued, which resulted in prolonged action potential duration (APD) and enhanced arrhythmic response to ISO stimulation in cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays confirmed that CLOCK-BMAL1 binds to the enhancer of β1-AR gene and upregulates β1-AR expression. Therefore, in this study, we discovered that CLOCK-BMAL1 regulates the expression of β1-AR on a transcriptional level and subsequently modulates circadian VAs in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Didi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda HospitalNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peibin Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Douma LG, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Barral D, Masten S, Holzworth M, Roig E, Glasford K, Beguiristain K, Li W, Bratanatawira P, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Knockout of the circadian clock protein PER1 results in sex-dependent alterations of ET-1 production in mice in response to a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:579-586. [PMID: 32437627 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that global knockout (KO) of the circadian clock transcription factor PER1 in male, but not female, mice fed a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment (HS/DOCP) resulted in nondipping hypertension and decreased night/day ratio of sodium (Na) excretion. Additionally, we have shown that the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene is targeted by both PER1 and aldosterone. We hypothesized that ET-1 would exhibit a sex-specific response to HS/DOCP treatment in PER1 KO. Here we show that male, but not female, global PER1 KO mice exhibit a decreased night/day ratio of urinary ET-1. Gene expression analysis revealed significant genotype differences in ET-1 and endothelin A receptor (ETA) expression in male, but not female, mice in response to HS/DOCP. Additionally, both wild-type and global PER1 KO male mice significantly increase endothelin B receptor (ETB) expression in response to HS/DOCP, but female mice do not. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PER1 in mouse cortical collecting duct cells (mpkCCDc14) resulted in increased ET-1 mRNA expression and peptide secretion in response to aldosterone treatment. These data suggest that PER1 is a negative regulator of ET-1 expression in response to HS/DOCP, revealing a novel mechanism for the regulation of renal Na handling in response to HS/DOCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dominique Barral
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah Masten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meaghan Holzworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emilio Roig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Krystal Glasford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Beguiristain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Effect of Morning vs. Evening Turmeric Consumption on Urine Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Obese, Middle-Aged Adults: A Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114088. [PMID: 32521782 PMCID: PMC7312995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of biological systems is an important consideration in developing health interventions. The immune and oxidative defense systems exhibit circadian periodicity, with an anticipatory increase in activity coincident with the onset of the active period. Spice consumption is associated with enhanced oxidative defense. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a protocol, comparing the effects of morning vs. evening consumption of turmeric on urine markers of oxidative stress in obese, middle-aged adults. Using a within-sample design, participants received each of four clock time x treatment administrations, each separated by one week: morning turmeric; evening turmeric; morning control; evening control. Participants prepared for each lab visit by consuming a low-antioxidant diet for two days and fasting for 12 h. Urine was collected in the lab at baseline and one-hour post-meal and at home for the following five hours. The results showed that the processes were successful in executing the protocol and collecting the measurements and that participants understood and adhered to the instructions. The findings also revealed that the spice treatment did not elicit the expected antioxidant effect and that the six-hour post-treatment urine collection period did not detect differences in urine endpoints across treatments. This feasibility study revealed that modifications to the spice treatment and urine sampling timeline are needed before implementing a larger study.
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Qian J, Scheer FA, Hu K, Shea SA. The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic blood pressure after exercise in humans. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz253. [PMID: 31616941 PMCID: PMC7157188 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Recovery rates of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) after exercise have been used to assess cardiovascular fitness, and slower recovery rates are predictors of coronary heart disease and cardiac mortality. The endogenous circadian system is known to modulate BP and HR at rest and during exercise. Here, we examined whether the post-exercise recovery rates of BP and HR are also under circadian control. METHODS Twelve healthy adults (mean age = 26 ± 6 (SD) years; 6 female) participated in a 240 h forced desynchrony protocol in dim light where all behaviors, including 15 min cycle exercise tests at 60% maximal HR, were uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle. Circadian phases were assigned based on the rhythm of core body temperature. For each session, HR was measured continuously, and BP every 3-5 min throughout baseline, exercise, and recovery. Recovery was quantified as the proportional return to pre-exercise baseline levels following exercise ([peak exercise-recovery]/[peak exercise-baseline) × 100%], whereby 100% represents full recovery to baseline). RESULTS There was a significant circadian rhythm in systolic BP recovery, with fastest recovery at the circadian phase corresponding to late afternoon (equivalent to ~5 pm) and slower recovery across the early morning (~8:30 am; p = 0.029, peak-to-trough: 9.2%). There were no significant circadian variations in post-exercise recovery rates of diastolic BP or HR. CONCLUSIONS The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic BP after exercise with fastest recovery in the biological afternoon. These data could have implications for exercise prescription and interpretation of clinical tests of stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Ajl Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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40
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Butler MP, Thosar SS, Smales C, DeYoung PN, Wu H, Hussain MV, Morimoto M, Hu K, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endogenous circadian rhythms assessed during relaxed wakefulness; an exploratory analysis. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:856-866. [PMID: 32192382 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1740723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and a change in the 24 h pattern of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. Adverse cardiovascular events occur more frequently in the middle of the night in people with OSA, earlier than the morning prevalence of these events in the general population. It is unknown if these changes are associated with a change in the underlying circadian rhythms, independent of behaviors such as sleep, physical activity, and meal intake. In this exploratory analysis, we studied the endogenous circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, melatonin and cortisol in 11 participants (48 ± 4 years; seven with OSA) throughout a 5 day study that was originally designed to examine circadian characteristics of obstructive apnea events. After a baseline night, participants completed 10 recurring 5 h 20 min behavioral cycles divided evenly into standardized sleep and wake periods. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in a relaxed semirecumbent posture 15 minutes after each scheduled wake time. Salivary melatonin and cortisol concentrations were measured at 1-1.5 h intervals during wakefulness. Mixed-model cosinor analyses were performed to determine the rhythmicity of all variables with respect to external time and separately to circadian phases (aligned to the dim light melatonin onset, DLMO). The circadian rhythm of blood pressure peaked much later in OSA compared to control participants (group × circadian phase, p < .05); there was also a trend toward a slightly delayed cortisol rhythm in the OSA group. Rhythms of heart rate and melatonin did not differ between the groups. In this exploratory analysis, OSA appears to be associated with a phase change (relative to DLMO) in the endogenous circadian rhythm of blood pressure during relaxed wakefulness, independent of common daily behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carolina Smales
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela N DeYoung
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospita, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad V Hussain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miki Morimoto
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon, USA
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Abstract
Discovered in 1987 as a potent endothelial cell-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), the predominant member of the endothelin peptide family, is now recognized as a multifunctional peptide with cytokine-like activity contributing to almost all aspects of physiology and cell function. More than 30 000 scientific articles on endothelin were published over the past 3 decades, leading to the development and subsequent regulatory approval of a new class of therapeutics-the endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). This article reviews the history of the discovery of endothelin and its role in genetics, physiology, and disease. Here, we summarize the main clinical trials using ERAs and discuss the role of endothelin in cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, preecclampsia, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), Takotsubo syndrome, and heart failure. We also discuss how endothelins contributes to diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as cancer, immune disorders, and allograft rejection (which all involve ETA autoantibodies), and neurological diseases. The application of ERAs, dual endothelin receptor/angiotensin receptor antagonists (DARAs), selective ETB agonists, novel biologics such as receptor-targeting antibodies, or immunization against ETA receptors holds the potential to slow the progression or even reverse chronic noncommunicable diseases. Future clinical studies will show whether targeting endothelin receptors can prevent or reduce disability from disease and improve clinical outcome, quality of life, and survival in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- From Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland (M.B.)
- Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland (M.B.)
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Japan (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Y.)
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O’Brien MW, Johns JA, Williams TD, Kimmerly DS. Sex does not influence impairments in popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator or vasoconstrictor responses following prolonged sitting. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:679-687. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00887.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An acute bout of prolonged sitting (PS) impairs the popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response. Despite equivocal reductions in mean shear rate, young women demonstrate an attenuated decline in popliteal FMD versus young men. However, it is uncertain whether popliteal endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses [low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC)] are similarly affected by PS and/or whether sex differences exist. We tested the hypothesis that women would have attenuated reductions in both popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses following an acute bout of PS. Popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a 3-h bout of PS. These responses were then compared between 10 men (24 ± 2 yr) and 10 women (23 ± 2 yr) with similar ( P > 0.13) levels of objectively measured habitual physical activity (via PiezoRx) and sedentary time (via activPAL). At baseline, men and women exhibited similar ( P > 0.46) popliteal FMD (4.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6%) and L-FMC (–1.7 ± 1.0 vs. –1.9 ± 0.9%) responses. Both sexes experienced identical (group: P > 0.76; time: P < 0.001) PS-induced impairments in popliteal FMD (–2.8 ± 1.4 vs. –2.6 ± 0.9%) and L-FMC (1.3 ± 0.7% vs. 1.4 ± 0.7%). In young adults, sex did not influence the negative PS-induced FMD, L-FMC, or microvascular responses in the lower limb. As such, our findings suggest that young men and women are similarly susceptible to the acute negative vascular effects of PS. Future studies should extend these findings to older, less physically active adults and/or patients with vascular disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a single 3-h bout of sitting between young men and women. Both groups exhibited similar endothelial-dependent vasodilation (i.e., flow-mediated dilation) and endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses (i.e., low-flow-mediated constriction) at baseline and equivocal impairments in these measures of endothelial function following prolonged sitting. These findings demonstrate that acute impairments in conduit artery endothelial health associated with uninterrupted sitting are not influenced by sex in young, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W. O’Brien
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jarrett A. Johns
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tanner D. Williams
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Derek S. Kimmerly
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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