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Liu X, Shen D, Liu L, Peng Y, Lu Q. Diosgenin improves post-myocardial infarction cardiac function via HAND2-induced angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149941. [PMID: 38643718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
While diosgenin has been demonstrated effective in various cardiovascular diseases, its specific impact on treating heart attacks remains unclear. Our research revealed that diosgenin significantly improved cardiac function in a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model, reducing cardiac fibrosis and cell apoptosis while promoting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, diosgenin upregulated the Hand2 expression, promoting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions. Acting as a transcription factor, HAND2 activated the angiogenesis-related gene Aggf1. Conversely, silencing Hand2 inhibited the diosgenin-induced migration of hypoxic endothelial cells and angiogenesis. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the protective role of diosgenin in MI, validating its effect on angiogenic activity and providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Cardiac Department, Sir Runrun Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dehong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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2
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Gill E, Bamforth SD. Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:777-796. [PMID: 38884748 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The great arteries of the vertebrate carry blood from the heart to the systemic circulation and are derived from the pharyngeal arch arteries. In higher vertebrates, the pharyngeal arch arteries are a symmetrical series of blood vessels that rapidly remodel during development to become the asymmetric aortic arch arteries carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle via the outflow tract. At the base of the aorta, as well as the pulmonary trunk, are the semilunar valves. These valves each have three leaflets and prevent the backflow of blood into the heart. During development, the process of aortic arch and valve formation may go wrong, resulting in cardiovascular defects, and these may, at least in part, be caused by genetic mutations. In this chapter, we will review models harboring genetic mutations that result in cardiovascular defects affecting the great arteries and the semilunar valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gill
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon D Bamforth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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3
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Hu P, Wang B, Jin D, Gu Y, He H, Meng X, Zhu W, Chiang DY, Li W, MacRae CA, Zu Y. Modeling of large-scale hoxbb cluster deletions in zebrafish uncovers a role for segmentation pathways in atrioventricular boundary specification. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:317. [PMID: 37801106 PMCID: PMC11072906 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes orchestrate the segmental specification of the muscular circulatory system in invertebrates but it has not proven straightforward to decipher segmental parallels in the vertebrate heart. Recently, patients with HOXB gene cluster deletion were found to exhibit abnormalities including atrioventricular canal defects. Using CRISPR, we established a mutant with the orthologous hoxbb cluster deletion in zebrafish. The mutant exhibited heart failure and atrioventricular regurgitation at 5 days. Analyzing the four genes in the hoxbb cluster, isolated deletion of hoxb1b-/- recapitulated the cardiac abnormalities, supporting hoxb1b as the causal gene. Both in situ and in vitro data indicated that hoxb1b regulates gata5 to inhibit hand2 expression and ultimately is required to pattern the vertebrate atrioventricular boundary. Together, these data reveal a role for segmental specification in vertebrate cardiac development and highlight the utility of CRISPR techniques for efficiently exploring the function of large structural genomic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peinan Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dongxu Jin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yedan Gu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hongyang He
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiangli Meng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Y Chiang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yao Zu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Patel KK, Venkatesan C, Abdelhalim H, Zeeshan S, Arima Y, Linna-Kuosmanen S, Ahmed Z. Genomic approaches to identify and investigate genes associated with atrial fibrillation and heart failure susceptibility. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:47. [PMID: 37270590 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) contribute to about 45% of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in the USA and around the globe. Due to the complex nature, progression, inherent genetic makeup, and heterogeneity of CVDs, personalized treatments are believed to be critical. To improve the deciphering of CVD mechanisms, we need to deeply investigate well-known and identify novel genes that are responsible for CVD development. With the advancements in sequencing technologies, genomic data have been generated at an unprecedented pace to foster translational research. Correct application of bioinformatics using genomic data holds the potential to reveal the genetic underpinnings of various health conditions. It can help in the identification of causal variants for AF, HF, and other CVDs by moving beyond the one-gene one-disease model through the integration of common and rare variant association, the expressed genome, and characterization of comorbidities and phenotypic traits derived from the clinical information. In this study, we examined and discussed variable genomic approaches investigating genes associated with AF, HF, and other CVDs. We collected, reviewed, and compared high-quality scientific literature published between 2009 and 2022 and accessible through PubMed/NCBI. While selecting relevant literature, we mainly focused on identifying genomic approaches involving the integration of genomic data; analysis of common and rare genetic variants; metadata and phenotypic details; and multi-ethnic studies including individuals from ethnic minorities, and European, Asian, and American ancestries. We found 190 genes associated with AF and 26 genes linked to HF. Seven genes had implications in both AF and HF, which are SYNPO2L, TTN, MTSS1, SCN5A, PITX2, KLHL3, and AGAP5. We listed our conclusion, which include detailed information about genes and SNPs associated with AF and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Ketan Patel
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia Venkatesan
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Habiba Abdelhalim
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saman Zeeshan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Developmental Cardiology Laboratory, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Suvi Linna-Kuosmanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, 400 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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5
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De Bono C, Liu Y, Ferrena A, Valentine A, Zheng D, Morrow BE. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a non-autonomous Tbx1-dependent genetic program controlling cardiac neural crest cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1551. [PMID: 36941249 PMCID: PMC10027855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of NCCs from the pharyngeal apparatus with the heart in control mouse embryos and when Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is inactivated. We uncover three dynamic transitions of pharyngeal NCCs expressing Tbx2 and Tbx3 through differentiated CNCCs expressing cardiac transcription factors with smooth muscle genes. These transitions are altered non-autonomously by loss of Tbx1. Further, inactivation of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in early CNCCs results in aortic arch branching defects due to failed smooth muscle differentiation. Loss of Tbx1 interrupts mesoderm to CNCC cell-cell communication with upregulation and premature activation of BMP signaling and reduced MAPK signaling, as well as alteration of other signaling, and failed dynamic transitions of CNCCs leading to disruption of aortic arch artery formation and cardiac outflow tract septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher De Bono
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aneesa Valentine
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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George RM, Firulli BA, Podicheti R, Rusch DB, Mannion BJ, Pennacchio LA, Osterwalder M, Firulli AB. Single cell evaluation of endocardial Hand2 gene regulatory networks reveals HAND2-dependent pathways that impact cardiac morphogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201341. [PMID: 36620995 PMCID: PMC10110492 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor HAND2 plays essential roles during cardiogenesis. Hand2 endocardial deletion (H2CKO) results in tricuspid atresia or double inlet left ventricle with accompanying intraventricular septum defects, hypo-trabeculated ventricles and an increased density of coronary lumens. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of these phenotypes, single cell transcriptome analysis of mouse E11.5 H2CKO hearts was performed revealing a number of disrupted endocardial regulatory pathways. Using HAND2 DNA occupancy data, we identify several HAND2-dependent enhancers, including two endothelial enhancers for the shear-stress master regulator KLF2. A 1.8 kb enhancer located 50 kb upstream of the Klf2 TSS imparts specific endothelial/endocardial expression within the vasculature and endocardium. This enhancer is HAND2-dependent for ventricular endocardium expression but HAND2-independent for Klf2 vascular and valve expression. Deletion of this Klf2 enhancer results in reduced Klf2 expression within ventricular endocardium. These data reveal that HAND2 functions within endocardial gene regulatory networks including shear-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M. George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Beth A. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Douglas B. Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Brandon J. Mannion
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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George RM, Guo S, Firulli BA, Rubart M, Firulli AB. Neonatal Deletion of Hand1 and Hand2 within Murine Cardiac Conduction System Reveals a Novel Role for HAND2 in Rhythm Homeostasis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:214. [PMID: 35877576 PMCID: PMC9324487 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system, a network of specialized cells, is required for the functioning of the heart. The basic helix loop helix factors Hand1 and Hand2 are required for cardiac morphogenesis and have been implicated in cardiac conduction system development and maintenance. Here we use embryonic and post-natal specific Cre lines to interrogate the role of Hand1 and Hand2 in the function of the murine cardiac conduction system. Results demonstrate that loss of HAND1 in the post-natal conduction system does not result in any change in electrocardiogram parameters or within the ventricular conduction system as determined by optical voltage mapping. Deletion of Hand2 within the post-natal conduction system results in sex-dependent reduction in PR interval duration in these mice, suggesting a novel role for HAND2 in regulating the atrioventricular conduction. Surprisingly, results show that loss of both HAND factors within the post-natal conduction system does not cause any consistent changes in cardiac conduction system function. Deletion of Hand2 in the embryonic left ventricle results in inconsistent prolongation of PR interval and susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias. Thus, these results suggest a novel role for HAND2 in homeostasis of the murine cardiac conduction system and that HAND1 loss potentially rescues the shortened HAND2 PR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M. George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
| | - Shuai Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Beth A. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
| | - Michael Rubart
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (R.M.G.); (B.A.F.)
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Song X, Wei J, Shu J, Liu Y, Sun M, Zhu P, Qin J. Association of polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene and maternal folic acid supplementation with risk of ventricular septal defect: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1273-1280. [PMID: 35273364 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It was the first time to examine the role of maternal polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene, as well as their interactions with maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS), in the risk of ventricular septal defect (VSD). METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 385 mothers of VSD infants and 652 controls. The exposures of interest were FAS and FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene polymorphisms. The logistic regression model was used for accessing the strength of association. RESULTS After controlling for the potential confounders, women who did not utilize folic acid had a substantially higher risk of VSD (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.43), compared to those who did. We also observed genetic polymorphisms of FOLR1 gene at rs2071010 (GA vs. GG: aOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.45 to 0.88) and rs11235462 (AA vs. TT: aOR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.84), as well as FOLR2 gene at rs651646 (AA vs. TT: aOR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.70), rs2298444 (CC vs. TT: aOR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36 to 0.91) and rs514933 (TC vs. TT: aOR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.78) were associated with a lower risk of VSD. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant interaction between maternal FAS and genetic polymorphisms at rs514933 on the risk of VSD (FDR_P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The maternal genetic polymorphisms of the FOLR1 gene and FOLR2 gene, as well as FAS and their interactions, were shown to be significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of clinical epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Shi Y, Zhang Z, Yin Q, Fu C, Barszczyk A, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang D. Cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-122 induces mitochondria-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promotes heart failure by inhibiting Hand2. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5326-5334. [PMID: 33942477 PMCID: PMC8178264 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is one of several microRNAs elevated in heart failure patients. To investigate the potential role and mechanism of miR-122 in heart failure, we constructed a transgenic mouse overexpressing miR-122 in the heart. This mouse exhibited cardiac dysfunction (as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography), morphological abnormalities of the heart and cardiomyocyte apoptosis characteristic of heart failure. Mechanistically, we identified the Hand2 transcription factor as a direct target of miR-122 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. In Tg-miR-122 mice and H9C2 cells with miR-122 mimics, we detected apoptosis and increased expression of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1). This effect was blocked with prior knockdown of Hand2 in vitro. Our work suggests that miR-122 causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Hand2 and consequently increasing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Such a mechanism likely contributes to heart failure and so modulating this pathway could be therapeutically valuable against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Shi
- Division of CardiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Division of CardiologyThe First People’s Hospital of Yuhang DistrictHangzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Yin
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Third People's Hospital at AnjiHuzhouChina
| | - Chen Fu
- Division of CardiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaofu Zhang
- Division of CardiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiabing Wang
- Division of CardiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Deye Yang
- Division of CardiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
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10
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Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Toolan KP, Osterwalder M, Pennacchio LA, Firulli AB. HAND transcription factors cooperatively specify the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Dev Biol 2021; 476:1-10. [PMID: 33757801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The OFT develops from migratory cell populations which include the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) and secondary heart field (SHF) derived myocardium and endocardium. The related transcription factors HAND1 and HAND2 have been implicated in human CHDs involving the OFT. Although Hand1 is expressed within the OFT, Hand1 NCC-specific conditional knockout mice (H1CKOs) are viable. Here we show that these H1CKOs present a low penetrance of OFT phenotypes, whereas SHF-specific Hand1 ablation does not reveal any cardiac phenotypes. Further, HAND1 and HAND2 appear functionally redundant within the cNCCs, as a reduction/ablation of Hand2 on an NCC-specific H1CKO background causes pronounced OFT defects. Double conditional Hand1 and Hand2 NCC knockouts exhibit persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) with 100% penetrance. NCC lineage-tracing and Sema3c in situ mRNA expression reveal that Sema3c-expressing cells are mis-localized, resulting in a malformed septal bridge within the OFTs of H1CKO;H2CKO embryos. Interestingly, Hand1 and Hand2 also genetically interact within the SHF, as SHF H1CKOs on a heterozygous Hand2 background exhibit Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) with incomplete penetrance. Previously, we identified a BMP, HAND2, and GATA-dependent Hand1 OFT enhancer sufficient to drive reporter gene expression within the nascent OFT and aorta. Using these transcription inputs as a probe, we identify a novel Hand2 OFT enhancer, suggesting that a conserved BMP-GATA dependent mechanism transcriptionally regulates both HAND factors. These findings support the hypothesis that HAND factors interpret BMP signaling within the cNCCs to cooperatively coordinate OFT morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Vincentz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Beth A Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Kevin P Toolan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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11
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Song X, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhang S, Sun M, Shu J, Wei J, Diao J, Li J, Li Y, Chen L, Zhu P, Qin J. Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and MTHFD1 Gene Polymorphisms With Ventricular Septal Defects in Offspring: A Case-Control Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:785440. [PMID: 35186819 PMCID: PMC8847777 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.785440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at assessing the association between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) gene polymorphisms, maternal dietary habits, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring. METHODS From November 2017 to March 2019, a case-control study comprising 360 mothers of VSD cases and 504 mothers of healthy infants was conducted in Han Chinese populations. The main exposures of interest were maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy and MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the main effects and interaction effects. RESULTS It was observed that maternal excessive intake of pickled vegetables (aOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.45-2.37), smoked foods (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.48-2.51), barbecued foods (aOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.28-2.36), and fried foods (aOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.30-2.17) were associated with a higher risk of VSD in offspring, whereas maternal excessive intake of fresh meat (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.47-0.79), fish and shrimp (aOR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.23-0.38), fresh eggs (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.42-0.70), fresh fruits or vegetables (aOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.33-0.60), soy foods (aOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.53-0.80), and milk products (aOR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40-0.59) could contribute significantly to a lower risk of VSD in offspring. Furthermore, the genetic polymorphisms of maternal MTHFD1 gene at rs1950902 (GA vs. GG: aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.50-0.90) and rs2236222 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.57-4.83) were significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between maternal dietary habits and MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of VSD. CONCLUSIONS Maternal dietary factors, MTHFD1 genetic polymorphisms, and their interactions were all associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. However, further research in diverse ethnic populations and with a larger sample size is warranted to corroborate our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center; registration number, ChiCTR1800016635; registration date, 06/14/2018 (Retrospectively registered); URL of trial registry record, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Diao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Letao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China
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12
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George RM, Maldonado-Velez G, Firulli AB. The heart of the neural crest: cardiac neural crest cells in development and regeneration. Development 2020; 147:147/20/dev188706. [PMID: 33060096 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are a migratory cell population that stem from the cranial portion of the neural tube. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrate through the developing embryo to give rise to portions of the outflow tract, the valves and the arteries of the heart. Recent lineage-tracing experiments in chick and zebrafish embryos have shown that cNCCs can also give rise to mature cardiomyocytes. These cNCC-derived cardiomyocytes appear to be required for the successful repair and regeneration of injured zebrafish hearts. In addition, recent work examining the response to cardiac injury in the mammalian heart has suggested that cNCC-derived cardiomyocytes are involved in the repair/regeneration mechanism. However, the molecular signature of the adult cardiomyocytes involved in this repair is unclear. In this Review, we examine the origin, migration and fates of cNCCs. We also review the contribution of cNCCs to mature cardiomyocytes in fish, chick and mice, as well as their role in the regeneration of the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Gabriel Maldonado-Velez
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
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13
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BVES downregulation in non-syndromic tetralogy of fallot is associated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14167. [PMID: 32843646 PMCID: PMC7447802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BVES is a transmembrane protein, our previous work demonstrated that single nucleotide mutations of BVES in tetralogy of fallot (TOF) patients cause a downregulation of BVES transcription. However, the relationship between BVES and the pathogenesis of TOF has not been determined. Here we reported our research results about the relationship between BVES and the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenosis. BVES expression was significantly downregulated in most TOF samples compared with controls. The expression of the second heart field (SHF) regulatory network genes, including NKX2.5, GATA4 and HAND2, was also decreased in the TOF samples. In zebrafish, bves knockdown resulted in looping defects and ventricular outflow tract (VOT) stenosis, which was mostly rescued by injecting bves mRNA. bves knockdown in zebrafish also decreased the expression of SHF genes, such as nkx2.5, gata4 and hand2, consistent with the TOF samples` results. The dual-fluorescence reporter system analysis showed that BVES positively regulated the transcriptional activity of GATA4, NKX2.5 and HAND2 promoters. In zebrafish, nkx2.5 mRNA partially rescued VOT stenosis caused by bves knockdown. These results indicate that BVES downregulation may be associated with RVOT stenosis of non-syndromic TOF, and bves is probably involved in the development of VOT in zebrafish.
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14
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Ma J, Chen S, Hao L, Sheng W, Chen W, Ma X, Zhang B, Ma D, Huang G. Long non-coding RNA SAP30-2:1 is downregulated in congenital heart disease and regulates cell proliferation by targeting HAND2. Front Med 2020; 15:91-100. [PMID: 32820380 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in many diseases. However, their involvement in CHD is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of dysregulated lncRNAs in CHD. We used Gene Expression Omnibus data mining, bioinformatics analysis, and analysis of clinical tissue samples and observed that the novel lncRNA SAP30-2:1 with unknown function was significantly downregulated in damaged cardiac tissues from patients with CHD. Knockdown of lncRNA SAP30-2:1 inhibited the proliferation of human embryonic kidney and AC16 cells and decreased the expression of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2). Moreover, lncRNA SAP30-2:1 was associated with HAND2 by RNA immunoprecipitation. Overall, these results suggest that lncRNA SAP30-2:1 may be involved in heart development through affecting cell proliferation via targeting HAND2 and may thus represent a novel therapeutic target for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- ENT Institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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15
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Daou R, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M, Haubrock M. Constructing temporal regulatory cascades in the context of development and cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231326. [PMID: 32275727 PMCID: PMC7147753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a complex process orchestrated by sets of regulators precisely appearing at certain time points, resulting in regulatory cascades that affect the expression of broader sets of genes, ending up in the formation of different tissues and organ parts. The identification of stage-specific master regulators and the mechanism by which they activate each other is a key to understanding and controlling differentiation, particularly in the fields of tissue regeneration and organoid engineering. Here we present a workflow that combines a comprehensive general regulatory network based on binding site predictions with user-provided temporal gene expression data, to generate a a temporally connected series of stage-specific regulatory networks, which we call a temporal regulatory cascade (TRC). A TRC identifies those regulators that are unique for each time point, resulting in a cascade that shows the emergence of these regulators and regulatory interactions across time. The model was implemented in the form of a user-friendly, visual web-tool, that requires no expert knowledge in programming or statistics, making it directly usable for life scientists. In addition to generating TRCs the tool links multiple interactive visual workflows, in which a user can track and investigate further different regulators, target genes, and interactions, directing the tool along the way into biologically sensible results based on the given dataset. We applied the TRC model on two different expression datasets, one based on experiments conducted on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) undergoing differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes and the other based on the differentiation of H1-derived human neuronal precursor cells. The model was successful in identifying previously known and new potential key regulators, in addition to the particular time points with which these regulators are associated, in cardiac and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Daou
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Science, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Cohen ASA, Simotas C, Webb BD, Shi H, Khan WA, Edelmann L, Scott SA, Singh R. Haploinsufficiency of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND2 causes congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1263-1267. [PMID: 32134193 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are caused by a disruption in heart morphogenesis, which is dependent, in part, on a network of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate myocardial development. Heterozygous sequence variants in the basic helix-loop-helix TF gene heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) have been reported among some patients with CHDs; however, HAND2 has not yet been established as a Mendelian disease gene. We report a 31-month-old male with unicommissural unicuspid aortic valve, moderate aortic stenosis, and mild pulmonic stenosis. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46,XY karyotype, and a CHD sequencing panel was negative for pathogenic variants in NKX2.5, GATA4, TBX5, and CHD7. However, chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing identified a heterozygous 546.0-kb deletion on chromosome 4q34.1 (174364195_174910239[GRCh37/hg19]) that included exons 1 and 2 of SCRG1, HAND2, and HAND2-AS1. Familial CMA testing determined that the deletion was paternally inherited, which supported a likely pathogenic classification as the proband's father had previously undergone surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot. The family history was also notable for a paternal uncle who had previously died from complications related to an unknown heart defect. Taken together, this first report of a HAND2 and HAND2-AS1 deletion in a family with CHDs strongly supports haploinsufficiency of HAND2 as an autosomal dominant cause of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S A Cohen
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bryn D Webb
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Wahab A Khan
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stuart A Scott
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ram Singh
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.
Main body
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.
These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.
Conclusion
The multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
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18
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Ritter N, Ali T, Kopitchinski N, Schuster P, Beisaw A, Hendrix DA, Schulz MH, Müller-McNicoll M, Dimmeler S, Grote P. The lncRNA Locus Handsdown Regulates Cardiac Gene Programs and Is Essential for Early Mouse Development. Dev Cell 2019; 50:644-657.e8. [PMID: 31422919 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Precisely controlled gene regulatory networks are required during embryonic development to give rise to various structures, including those of the cardiovascular system. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) loci are known to be important regulators of these genetic programs. We have identified a novel and essential lncRNA locus Handsdown (Hdn), active in early heart cells, and show by genetic inactivation that it is essential for murine development. Hdn displays haploinsufficiency for cardiac development as Hdn-heterozygous adult mice exhibit hyperplasia in the right ventricular wall. Transcriptional activity of the Hdn locus, independent of its RNA, suppresses its neighboring gene Hand2. We reveal a switch in a topologically associated domain in differentiation of the cardiac lineage, allowing the Hdn locus to directly interact with regulatory elements of the Hand2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ritter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tamer Ali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Nina Kopitchinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peggy Schuster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Müller-McNicoll
- RNA Regulation Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Phillip Grote
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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19
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Shi Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhuang J, Wang H, Hu M, Mo X, Yue S, Chen Y, Fan X, Chen J, Cai W, Zhu X, Wan Y, Zhong Y, Ye X, Li F, Zhou Z, Dai G, Luo R, Ocorr K, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. The Functional Polymorphism R129W in the BVES Gene Is Associated with Sporadic Tetralogy of Fallot in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:601-609. [PMID: 31386585 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounts for ∼10% of congenital heart disease cases. The blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) gene has been reported to play a role in the function of adult hearts. However, whether allelic variants in BVES contribute to the risk of TOF and its possible mechanism remains unknown. Methods: The open reading frame of the BVES gene was sequenced using samples from 146 TOF patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to confirm the expression of mutated BVES variants in the TOF samples. The online software Polyphen2 and SIFT were used to predict the deleterious effects of the observed allelic variants. The effects of these allelic variants on the transcriptional activities of genes were examined using dual-fluorescence reporter assays. Results: We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BVES gene from each of the 146 TOF patients. Among them, the minor allelic frequencies of c.385C>T (p.R129W) were 0.035% in TOF, but ∼0.025% in 100 controls and the Chinese Millionome Database. This allelic variant was predicted to be a potentially harmful alteration by the Polyphen2 and SIFT softwares. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses indicated that the expression of BVES in the six right ventricular outflow tract samples with the c.385C>T allelic variant was significantly downregulated. A dual-fluorescence reporter system showed that the c.385C>T allelic variant significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the BVES gene and also decreased transcription from the GATA4 and NKX2.5 promoters. Conclusions: c.385C>T (p.R129W) is a functional SNP of the BVES gene that reduces the transcriptional activity of BVES in vitro and in vivo in TOF tissues. This subsequently affects the transcriptional activities of GATA4 and NKX2.5 related to TOF. These findings suggest that c.385C>T may be associated with the risk of TOF in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Mo
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwan Cai
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Wan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuoqiong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Dai
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Lab of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, The Center for Heart Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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20
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Han X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fan X, Ai S, Luo Y, Li X, Jin H, Luo S, Zheng H, Yue Y, Chang Z, Yang Z, Tang F, He A, Shen X. The lncRNA Hand2os1/ Uph locus orchestrates heart development through regulation of precise expression of Hand2. Development 2019; 146:146/13/dev176198. [PMID: 31273086 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploration and dissection of potential actions and effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in animals remain challenging. Here, using multiple knockout mouse models and single cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that the divergent lncRNA Hand2os1/Uph has a key complex modulatory effect on the expression of its neighboring gene HAND2 and subsequently on heart development and function. Short deletion of the Hand2os1 promoter in mouse diminishes Hand2os1 transcription to ∼8-32%, but fails to affect HAND2 expression and yields no discernable heart phenotypes. Interestingly, full-length deletion of Hand2os1 in mouse causes moderate yet prevalent upregulation of HAND2 in hundreds of cardiac cells, leading to profound biological consequences, including dysregulated cardiac gene programs, congenital heart defects and perinatal lethality. We propose that the Hand2os1 locus dampens HAND2 expression to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation, thereby orchestrating a balanced development of cardiac cell lineages. This study highlights the regulatory complexity of the lncRNA Hand2os1 on HAND2 expression, emphasizing the need for complementary genetic and single cell approaches to delineate the function and primary molecular effects of an lncRNA in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shanshan Ai
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hengwei Jin
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Sai Luo
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zai Chang
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aibin He
- Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Inman KE, Caiaffa CD, Melton KR, Sandell LL, Achilleos A, Kume T, Trainor PA. Foxc2 is required for proper cardiac neural crest cell migration, outflow tract septation, and ventricle expansion. Dev Dyn 2019; 247:1286-1296. [PMID: 30376688 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper development of the great vessels of the heart and septation of the cardiac outflow tract requires cardiac neural crest cells. These cells give rise to the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia, the smooth muscle layer of the great vessels, some cardiomyocytes, and the conotruncal cushions and aorticopulmonary septum of the outflow tract. Ablation of cardiac neural crest cells results in defective patterning of each of these structures. Previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of the forkhead transcription factor C2 (Foxc2), results in cardiac phenotypes similar to that derived from cardiac neural crest cell ablation. RESULTS We report that Foxc2-/- embryos on the 129s6/SvEv inbred genetic background display persistent truncus arteriosus and hypoplastic ventricles before embryonic lethality. Foxc2 loss-of-function resulted in perturbed cardiac neural crest cell migration and their reduced contribution to the outflow tract as evidenced by lineage tracing analyses together with perturbed expression of the neural crest cell markers Sox10 and Crabp1. Foxc2 loss-of-function also resulted in alterations in PlexinD1, Twist1, PECAM1, and Hand1/2 expression in association with vascular and ventricular defects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate Foxc2 is required for proper migration of cardiac neural crest cells, septation of the outflow tract, and development of the ventricles. Developmental Dynamics 247:1286-1296, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Inman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, Ohio
| | | | - Kristin R Melton
- Section of Neonatology, Pulmonary and Perinatal Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
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22
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Meder B, Haas J, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Kayvanpour E, Frese K, Lai A, Nietsch R, Scheiner C, Mester S, Bordalo DM, Amr A, Dietrich C, Pils D, Siede D, Hund H, Bauer A, Holzer DB, Ruhparwar A, Mueller-Hennessen M, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Weis T, Backs J, Wuerstle M, Keller A, Katus HA, Posch AE. Epigenome-Wide Association Study Identifies Cardiac Gene Patterning and a Novel Class of Biomarkers for Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1528-1544. [PMID: 28838933 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.027355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochemical DNA modification resembles a crucial regulatory layer among genetic information, environmental factors, and the transcriptome. To identify epigenetic susceptibility regions and novel biomarkers linked to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure, we performed the first multi-omics study in myocardial tissue and blood of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and controls. METHODS Infinium human methylation 450 was used for high-density epigenome-wide mapping of DNA methylation in left-ventricular biopsies and whole peripheral blood of living probands. RNA deep sequencing was performed on the same samples in parallel. Whole-genome sequencing of all patients allowed exclusion of promiscuous genotype-induced methylation calls. RESULTS In the screening stage, we detected 59 epigenetic loci that are significantly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (false discovery corrected P≤0.05), with 3 of them reaching epigenome-wide significance at P≤5×10-8. Twenty-seven (46%) of these loci could be replicated in independent cohorts, underlining the role of epigenetic regulation of key cardiac transcription regulators. Using a staged multi-omics study design, we link a subset of 517 epigenetic loci with dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac gene expression. Furthermore, we identified distinct epigenetic methylation patterns that are conserved across tissues, rendering these CpGs novel epigenetic biomarkers for heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides to our knowledge the first epigenome-wide association study in living patients with heart failure using a multi-omics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meder
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Jan Haas
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Elham Kayvanpour
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Karen Frese
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Alan Lai
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Rouven Nietsch
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Christina Scheiner
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Stefan Mester
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Diana Martins Bordalo
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Ali Amr
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Carsten Dietrich
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Dietmar Pils
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Dominik Siede
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Hauke Hund
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Andrea Bauer
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Daniel Benjamin Holzer
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Matthias Mueller-Hennessen
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Christoph Plass
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Tanja Weis
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Johannes Backs
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Maximilian Wuerstle
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Andreas Keller
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.).
| | - Andreas E Posch
- From Department of Internal Medicine III, Institute for Cardiomyopathies, University of Heidelberg, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., R.N., C.S., S.M., D.M.-B., A.A., H.H., D.B.H., M.M.-H., T.W., H.A.K.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Strategy and Innovation, Erlangen, Germany (C.D., M.W., A.E.P.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (A.K.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (B.M., J.H., F.S.-H., E.K., K.F., A.L., D.S., M.M.-H., T.W., J.B., H.A.K.); Institute for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany (D.S., J.B.); Funktionelle Genomanalyse, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (A.B.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.R.); Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Vienna, Austria (D.P.); Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (D.P.); and Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany (D.W., C.P.)
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Identification of six new genetic loci associated with atrial fibrillation in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 2017; 49:953-958. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 in cardiomyocytes is required for normal cardiac development. Dev Biol 2016; 418:157-165. [PMID: 27333774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that acts via G protein-coupled receptors. The S1P receptor S1P1, encoded by S1pr1, is expressed in developing heart but its roles there remain largely unexplored. Analysis of S1pr1 LacZ knockin embryos revealed β-galactosidase staining in cardiomyocytes in the septum and in the trabecular layer of hearts collected at 12.5 days post coitus (dpc) and weak staining in the inner aspect of the compact layer at 15.5 dpc and later. Nkx2-5-Cre- and Mlc2a-Cre-mediated conditional knockout of S1pr1 led to ventricular noncompaction and ventricular septal defects at 18.5 dpc and to perinatal lethality in the majority of mutants. Further analysis of Mlc2a-Cre conditional mutants revealed no gross phenotype at 12.5 dpc but absence of the normal increase in the number of cardiomyocytes and the thickness of the compact layer at 13.5 dpc and after. Consistent with relative lack of a compact layer, in situ hybridization at 13.5 dpc revealed expression of trabecular markers extending almost to the epicardium in mutants. Mutant hearts also showed decreased myofibril organization in the compact but not trabecular myocardium at 12.5 dpc. These results suggest that S1P signaling via S1P1 in cardiomyocytes plays a previously unknown and necessary role in heart development in mice.
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A HAND2 Loss-of-Function Mutation Causes Familial Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:987-92. [PMID: 26865696 PMCID: PMC4825666 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.026518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common developmental abnormality, and is the leading noninfectious cause of mortality in neonates. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, CHD exhibits substantial heterogeneity, and the genetic determinants for CHD remain unknown in the overwhelming majority of cases. In the current study, the coding exons and flanking introns of the HAND2 gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for normal cardiovascular development, were sequenced in 192 unrelated patients with CHD, and a novel heterozygous mutation, p.S65I, was identified in a patient with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD). Genetic analysis of the index patient’s pedigree revealed that the mutation was present in all seven affected family members available, but absent in the 13 unaffected family members examined. Besides, in addition to VSD, five of the proband’s close relatives also had pulmonary stenosis (PS), and the proband’s son also had double outlet right ventricle (DORV). The missense mutation, which altered an evolutionarily conserved amino acid, was absent in 300 unrelated, ethnically matched healthy individuals. Biological analyses using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the mutant HAND2 was associated with significantly diminished transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation abolished the synergistic activation between HAND2 and GATA4, as well as NKX2.5—two other cardiac core transcriptional factors that have been causally linked to CHD. These findings indicate that HAND2 loss-of-function mutation contributes to human CHD, perhaps via its interaction with GATA4 and NKX2.5.
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LU CAIXIA, GONG HAIRONG, LIU XINGYUAN, WANG JUAN, ZHAO CUIMEI, HUANG RITAI, XUE SONG, YANG YIQING. A novel HAND2 loss-of-function mutation responsible for tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:445-51. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hallier B, Hoffmann J, Roeder T, Tögel M, Meyer H, Paululat A. The bHLH Transcription Factor Hand Regulates the Expression of Genes Critical to Heart and Muscle Function in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134204. [PMID: 26252215 PMCID: PMC4529270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand proteins belong to the highly conserved family of basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors and are critical to distinct developmental processes, including cardiogenesis and neurogenesis in vertebrates. In Drosophila melanogaster a single orthologous hand gene is expressed with absence of the respective protein causing semilethality during early larval instars. Surviving adult animals suffer from shortened lifespan associated with a disorganized myofibrillar structure being apparent in the dorsal vessel, the wing hearts and in midgut tissue. Based on these data, the major biological significance of Hand seems to be related to muscle development, maintenance or function; however, up to now the physiological basis for Hand functionality remains elusive. Thus, the identification of genes whose expression is, directly or indirectly, regulated by Hand has considerable relevance with respect to understanding its biological functionality in flies and vertebrates. Beneficially, hand mutants are viable and exhibit affected tissues, which renders Drosophila an ideal model to investigate up- or downregulated target genes by a comparative microarray approach focusing on the respective tissues from mutant specimens. Our present work reveals for the first time that Drosophila Hand regulates the expression of numerous genes of diverse physiological relevancy, including distinct factors required for proper muscle development and function such as Zasp52 or Msp-300. These results relate Hand activity to muscle integrity and functionality and may thus be highly beneficial to the evaluation of corresponding hand phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hallier
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Tögel
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gu S, Wu W, Liu C, Yang L, Sun C, Ye W, Li X, Chen J, Long F, Chen Y. BMPRIA mediated signaling is essential for temporomandibular joint development in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101000. [PMID: 25093411 PMCID: PMC4122352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The central importance of BMP signaling in the development and homeostasis of synovial joint of appendicular skeleton has been well documented, but its role in the development of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), also classified as a synovial joint, remains completely unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of BMPRIA mediated signaling in TMJ development in mice by transgenic loss-of- and gain-of-function approaches. We found that BMPRIA is expressed in the cranial neural crest (CNC)-derived developing condyle and glenoid fossa, major components of TMJ, as well as the interzone mesenchymal cells. Wnt1-Cre mediated tissue specific inactivation of BmprIa in CNC lineage led to defective TMJ development, including failure of articular disc separation from a hypoplastic condyle, persistence of interzone cells, and failed formation of a functional fibrocartilage layer on the articular surface of the glenoid fossa and condyle, which could be at least partially attributed to the down-regulation of Ihh in the developing condyle and inhibition of apoptosis in the interzone. On the other hand, augmented BMPRIA signaling by Wnt1-Cre driven expression of a constitutively active form of BmprIa (caBmprIa) inhibited osteogenesis of the glenoid fossa and converted the condylar primordium from secondary cartilage to primary cartilage associated with ectopic activation of Smad-dependent pathway but inhibition of JNK pathway, leading to TMJ agenesis. Our results present unambiguous evidence for an essential role of finely tuned BMPRIA mediated signaling in TMJ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Gu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America; Department of Dentistry, ZhongShan Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Wenduo Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xihai Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Loss of Hand2 in a population of Periostin lineage cells results in pronounced bradycardia and neonatal death. Dev Biol 2014; 388:149-58. [PMID: 24565998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Periostin Cre (Postn-Cre) lineage includes endocardial and neural crest derived mesenchymal cells of the cardiac cushions, neural crest-derived components of the sympathetic and enteric nervous systems, and cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, we use the Postn-Cre transgenic allele to conditionally ablate Hand2 (H2CKO). We find that Postn-Cre H2CKOs die shortly after birth despite a lack of obvious cardiac structural defects. To ascertain the cause of death, we performed a detailed comparison of the Postn-Cre lineage and Hand2 expression at mid and late stages of embryonic development. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that Postn-Cre ablates Hand2 from the adrenal medulla as well as the sphenopalatine ganglia of the head. In both cases, Hand2 loss-of-function dramatically reduces expression of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (Dbh), a gene encoding a crucial catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzyme. Expression of the genes Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Th) and Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pnmt), which also encode essential catecholaminergic enzymes, were severely reduced in postnatal adrenal glands. Electrocardiograms demonstrate that 3-day postnatal Postn-Cre H2CKO pups exhibit sinus bradycardia. In conjunction with the aforementioned gene expression analyses, these results strongly suggest that the observed postnatal lethality occurs due to a catecholamine deficiency and subsequent heart failure.
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Huang X, Huang F, Yang D, Dong F, Shi X, Wang H, Zhou X, Wang S, Dai S. Expression of microRNA-122 contributes to apoptosis in H9C2 myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2637-46. [PMID: 22453009 PMCID: PMC4118232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and heart development. The Pax-8 gene knockout mice have apparent heart abnormalities. This study investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of cardiac apoptosis and development in the knockout mice. MicroRNA microarrays demonstrated differential expression of microRNAs between Pax-8−/− and Pax-8+/− mice, confirmed by real-time PCR. The miR-122 was up-regulated by 1.92 folds in Pax-8−/− mice. There were ventricular septum defects in Pax-8−/− mice, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum in Pax-8−/− mice. In H9C2 myocytes, treatment with miR-122 mimics or miR-122 inhibitor affects the expression of CCK-8 and activity of Caspase-3. The miR-122 is up-regulated in the myocytes of Pax-8−/− mice and may participate in the apoptotic gene expression and pathogenesis of heart development defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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Tamura M, Amano T, Shiroishi T. The Hand2 Gene Dosage Effect in Developmental Defects and Human Congenital Disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:129-52. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dirkx E, Gladka MM, Philippen LE, Armand AS, Kinet V, Leptidis S, el Azzouzi H, Salic K, Bourajjaj M, da Silva GJJ, Olieslagers S, van der Nagel R, de Weger R, Bitsch N, Kisters N, Seyen S, Morikawa Y, Chanoine C, Heymans S, Volders PGA, Thum T, Dimmeler S, Cserjesi P, Eschenhagen T, da Costa Martins PA, De Windt LJ. Nfat and miR-25 cooperate to reactivate the transcription factor Hand2 in heart failure. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1282-93. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Addis RC, Ifkovits JL, Pinto F, Kellam LD, Esteso P, Rentschler S, Christoforou N, Epstein JA, Gearhart JD. Optimization of direct fibroblast reprogramming to cardiomyocytes using calcium activity as a functional measure of success. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:97-106. [PMID: 23591016 PMCID: PMC3679282 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct conversion of fibroblasts to induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) has great potential for regenerative medicine. Recent publications have reported significant progress, but the evaluation of reprogramming has relied upon non-functional measures such as flow cytometry for cardiomyocyte markers or GFP expression driven by a cardiomyocyte-specific promoter. The issue is one of practicality: the most stringent measures - electrophysiology to detect cell excitation and the presence of spontaneously contracting myocytes - are not readily quantifiable in the large numbers of cells screened in reprogramming experiments. However, excitation and contraction are linked by a third functional characteristic of cardiomyocytes: the rhythmic oscillation of intracellular calcium levels. We set out to optimize direct conversion of fibroblasts to iCMs with a quantifiable calcium reporter to rapidly assess functional transdifferentiation. We constructed a reporter system in which the calcium indicator GCaMP is driven by the cardiomyocyte-specific Troponin T promoter. Using calcium activity as our primary outcome measure, we compared several published combinations of transcription factors along with novel combinations in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The most effective combination consisted of Hand2, Nkx2.5, Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (HNGMT). This combination is >50-fold more efficient than GMT alone and produces iCMs with cardiomyocyte marker expression, robust calcium oscillation, and spontaneous beating that persist for weeks following inactivation of reprogramming factors. HNGMT is also significantly more effective than previously published factor combinations for the transdifferentiation of adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts to iCMs. Quantification of calcium function is a convenient and effective means for the identification and evaluation of cardiomyocytes generated by direct reprogramming. Using this stringent outcome measure, we conclude that HNGMT produces iCMs more efficiently than previously published methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C. Addis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie L. Ifkovits
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Filipa Pinto
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lori D. Kellam
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Esteso
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Rentschler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D. Gearhart
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kohli S, Ahuja S, Rani V. Transcription factors in heart: promising therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 7:262-71. [PMID: 22758628 PMCID: PMC3322445 DOI: 10.2174/157340311799960618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is central to cell growth, differentiation and diseases. Context specific and signal dependent regulation of gene expression is achieved to a large part by transcription factors. Cardiac transcription factors regulate heart development and are also involved in stress regulation of the adult heart, which may lead to cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes is an outcome of the imbalance between prohypertrophic factors and anti-hypertrophic factors. This is initially a compensatory mechanism but sustained hypertrophy may lead to heart failure. The growing knowledge of transcriptional control mechanisms is helpful in the development of novel therapies. This review summarizes the role of cardiac transcription factors in cardiac hypertrophy, emphasizing their potential as attractive therapeutic targets to prevent the onset of heart failure and sudden death as they can be converging targets for current therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kohli
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, NOIDA 210307, India
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Lin CJ, Lin CY, Chen CH, Zhou B, Chang CP. Partitioning the heart: mechanisms of cardiac septation and valve development. Development 2012; 139:3277-99. [PMID: 22912411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart malformations are common congenital defects in humans. Many congenital heart defects involve anomalies in cardiac septation or valve development, and understanding the developmental mechanisms that underlie the formation of cardiac septal and valvular tissues thus has important implications for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of congenital heart disease. The development of heart septa and valves involves multiple types of progenitor cells that arise either within or outside the heart. Here, we review the morphogenetic events and genetic networks that regulate spatiotemporal interactions between the cells that give rise to septal and valvular tissues and hence partition the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Bao B, Zhang L, Hu H, Yin S, Liang Z. Deletion of a single-copy DAAM1 gene in congenital heart defect: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:63. [PMID: 22857009 PMCID: PMC3482563 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing incidence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in recent years, genotype-phenotype correlation and array-based methods have contributed to the genome-wide analysis and understanding of genetic variations in the CHD population. Here, we report a copy number deletion of chromosomal 14q23.1 in a female fetus with complex congenital heart defects. This is the first description of DAAM1 gene deletion associated with congenital heart anomalies. CASE PRESENTATION Compared with the control population, one CHD fetus showed a unique copy number deletion of 14q23.1, a region that harbored DAAM1 and KIAA0666 genes. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the copy number deletion on chromosome 14q23.1 may be critical for cardiogenesis. However, the exact relationship and mechanism of how DAAM1 and KIAA0666 deletion contributes to the onset of CHD is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Bao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, South-West Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Strehle EM, Yu L, Rosenfeld JA, Donkervoort S, Zhou Y, Chen TJ, Martinez JE, Fan YS, Barbouth D, Zhu H, Vaglio A, Smith R, Stevens CA, Curry CJ, Ladda RL, Fan ZJ, Fox JE, Martin JA, Abdel-Hamid HZ, McCracken EA, McGillivray BC, Masser-Frye D, Huang T. Genotype-phenotype analysis of 4q deletion syndrome: proposal of a critical region. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2139-51. [PMID: 22847869 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 4q deletion syndrome (4q- syndrome) is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 100,000. Although variable, the clinical spectrum commonly includes craniofacial, developmental, digital, skeletal, and cardiac involvement. Data on the genotype-phenotype correlation within the 4q arm are limited. We present detailed clinical and genetic information by array CGH on 20 patients with 4q deletions. We identified a patient who has a ∼465 kb deletion (186,770,069-187,234,800, hg18 coordinates) in 4q35.1 with all clinical features for 4q deletion syndrome except for developmental delay, suggesting that this is a critical region for this condition and a specific gene responsible for orofacial clefts and congenital heart defects resides in this region. Since the patients with terminal deletions all had cleft palate, our results provide further evidence that a gene associated with clefts is located on the terminal segment of 4q. By comparing and contrasting our patients' genetic information and clinical features, we found significant genotype-phenotype correlations at a single gene level linking specific phenotypes to individual genes. Based on these data, we constructed a hypothetical partial phenotype-genotype map for chromosome 4q which includes BMP3, SEC31A, MAPK10, SPARCL1, DMP1, IBSP, PKD2, GRID2, PITX2, NEUROG2, ANK2, FGF2, HAND2, and DUX4 genes.
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VanDusen NJ, Firulli AB. Twist factor regulation of non-cardiomyocyte cell lineages in the developing heart. Differentiation 2012; 84:79-88. [PMID: 22516205 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ that is composed of numerous cell types, which must integrate their programs for proper specification, differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. During cardiogenesis members of the Twist-family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play distinct roles within cardiac lineages such as the endocardium and extra-cardiac lineages such as the cardiac neural crest (cNCC) and epicardium. While the study of these cell populations is often eclipsed by that of cardiomyocytes, the contributions of non-cardiomyocytes to development and disease are increasingly being appreciated as both dynamic and essential. This review summarizes what is known regarding Twist-family bHLH function in extra-cardiac cell populations and the endocardium, with a focus on regulatory mechanisms, downstream targets, and expression profiles. Improving our understanding of the molecular pathways that Twist-family bHLH factors mediate in these lineages will be necessary to ascertain how their dysfunction leads to congenital disease and adult pathologies such as myocardial infarctions and cardiac fibroblast induced fibrosis. Indeed, this knowledge will prove to be critical to clinicians seeking to improve current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J VanDusen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
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Takagaki Y, Yamagishi H, Matsuoka R. Factors Involved in Signal Transduction During Vertebrate Myogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 296:187-272. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cuturilo G, Menten B, Krstic A, Drakulic D, Jovanovic I, Parezanovic V, Stevanovic M. 4q34.1-q35.2 deletion in a boy with phenotype resembling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:1465-70. [PMID: 21833498 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-011-1533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Small terminal or interstitial deletions involving bands 4q34 and 4q35 have been described in several patients with a relatively mild phenotype such as mild to moderate intellectual disability and minor dysmorphic features. We present a boy born from unrelated parents with a de novo 4q34.1-q35.2 deletion and clinical features resembling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported patient with 4q34-q35 deletion and phenotype resembling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome without fifth finger anomalies as a specific feature of 4q- syndrome. G-banding karyotyping disclosed the deletion, which was further delineated by microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analyses did not reveal rearrangements of 22q11.2 region. MLPA confirmed the deletion within the 4q35.2 region. CONCLUSION Given the considerable clinical overlaps between the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and clinical manifestation of the patient described in this study, we propose that region 4q34.1-q35.2 should be considered as another region associated with phenotype resembling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We also propose that distal 4q deletions should be considered in the evaluation of patients with phenotypic manifestations resembling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in whom no 22q11.2 microdeletion was detected, even in the absence of distinctive fifth finger anomalies. Additionally, we underline the importance of applying array CGH that enables simultaneous genome-wide detection and delineation of copy number changes (e.g., deletions and duplications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Cuturilo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Laforest B, Nemer M. GATA5 interacts with GATA4 and GATA6 in outflow tract development. Dev Biol 2011; 358:368-78. [PMID: 21839733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the GATA family of transcription factors are critical regulators of heart development and mutations in 2 of them, GATA4 and GATA6 are associated with outflow tract and septal defects in human. The heart expresses 3 GATA factors, GATA4, 5 and 6 in a partially overlapping pattern. Here, we report that compound Gata4/Gata5 and Gata5/Gata6 mutants die embryonically or perinatally due to severe congenital heart defects. Almost all Gata4(+/-)Gata5(+/-) mutant embryos have double outlet right ventricles (DORV), large ventricular septal defects (VSD) as well as hypertrophied mitral and tricuspid valves. Only 25% of double compound Gata4/Gata5 heterozygotes survive to adulthood and these mice have aortic stenosis. Compound loss of a Gata5 and a Gata6 allele also leads to DORVs associated with subaortic VSDs. Expression of several transcription factors important for endocardial and myocardial cell differentiation, such as Tbx20, Mef2c, Hey1 and Hand2, was reduced in compound heterozygote embryos. These findings suggest the existence of important genetic interactions between Gata5 and the 2 other cardiac GATA factors in endocardial cushion formation and outflow tract morphogenesis. The data identify GATA5 as a potential genetic modifier of congenital heart disease and provide insight for elucidating the genetic basis of an important class of human birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Laforest
- Laboratoire de Développement et Différentiation Cardiaque, Programme de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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Vincentz JW, Barnes RM, Firulli AB. Hand factors as regulators of cardiac morphogenesis and implications for congenital heart defects. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2011; 91:485-94. [PMID: 21462297 PMCID: PMC3119928 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Almost 15 years of careful study have established the related basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors Hand1 and Hand2 as critical for heart development across evolution. Hand factors make broad contributions, revealed through animal models, to the development of multiple cellular lineages that ultimately contribute to the heart. They perform critical roles in ventricular cardiomyocyte growth, differentiation, morphogenesis, and conduction. They are also important for the proper development of the cardiac outflow tract, epicardium, and endocardium. Molecularly, they function both through DNA binding and through protein-protein interactions, which are regulated transcriptionally, posttranscriptionally by microRNAs, and posttranslationally through phosphoregulation. Although direct Hand factor transcriptional targets are progressively being identified, confirmed direct targets of Hand factor transcriptional activity in the heart are limited. Identification of these targets will be critical to model the mechanisms by which Hand factor bHLH interactions affect developmental pathways. Improved understanding of Hand factor-mediated transcriptional cascades will be necessary to determine how Hand factor dysregulation translates to human disease phenotypes. This review summarizes the insight that animal models have provided into the regulation and function of these factors during heart development, in addition to the recent findings that suggest roles for HAND1 and HAND2 in human congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Vincentz
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Ralston M. Barnes
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
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Barnes RM, Firulli BA, VanDusen NJ, Morikawa Y, Conway SJ, Cserjesi P, Vincentz JW, Firulli AB. Hand2 loss-of-function in Hand1-expressing cells reveals distinct roles in epicardial and coronary vessel development. Circ Res 2011; 108:940-9. [PMID: 21350214 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.233171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors Hand1 and Hand2 are essential for embryonic development. Given their requirement for cardiogenesis, it is imperative to determine their impact on cardiovascular function. OBJECTIVE To deduce the role of Hand2 within the epicardium. METHOD AND RESULTS We engineered a Hand1 allele expressing Cre recombinase. Cardiac Hand1 expression is largely limited to cells of the primary heart field, overlapping little with Hand2 expression. Hand1 is expressed within the septum transversum, and the Hand1 lineage marks the proepicardial organ and epicardium. To examine Hand factor functional overlap, we conditionally deleted Hand2 from Hand1-expressing cells. Hand2 mutants display defective epicardialization and fail to form coronary arteries, coincident with altered extracellular matrix deposition and Pdgfr expression. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a hierarchal relationship whereby transient Hand1 septum transversum expression defines epicardial precursors that are subsequently dependent on Hand2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralston M Barnes
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Departments of Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, 46202-5225, USA
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Maska EL, Cserjesi P, Hua LL, Garstka ME, Brody HM, Morikawa Y. A Tlx2-Cre mouse line uncovers essential roles for hand1 in extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm. Genesis 2011; 48:479-84. [PMID: 20506548 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hand1 regulates development of numerous tissues within the embryo, extraembryonic mesoderm, and trophectoderm. Systemic loss of Hand1 results in early embryonic lethality but the cause has remained unknown. To determine if Hand1 expression in extraembryonic mesoderm is essential for embryonic survival, Hand1 was conditionally deleted using the HoxB6-Cre mouse line that expresses Cre in extraembryonic and lateral mesoderm. Deletion of Hand1 using HoxB6-Cre resulted in embryonic lethality identical to systemic knockout. To determine if lethality is due to Hand1 function in extraembryonic mesoderm or lateral mesoderm, we generated a Tlx2-Cre mouse line expressing Cre in lateral mesoderm but not extraembryonic tissues. Deletion of Hand1 using the Tlx2-Cre line results in embryonic survival with embryos exhibiting herniated gut and thin enteric smooth muscle. Our results show that Hand1 regulates development of lateral mesoderm derivatives and its loss in extraembryonic mesoderm is the primary cause of lethality in Hand1-null embryos.
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Barnes RM, Firulli BA, Conway SJ, Vincentz JW, Firulli AB. Analysis of the Hand1 cell lineage reveals novel contributions to cardiovascular, neural crest, extra-embryonic, and lateral mesoderm derivatives. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:3086-97. [PMID: 20882677 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors Hand1 and Hand2 play critical roles in the development of multiple organ systems during embryogenesis. The dynamic expression patterns of these two factors within developing tissues obfuscate their respective unique and redundant organogenic functions. To define cell lineages potentially dependent upon Hand gene expression, we generated a mutant allele in which the coding region of Hand1 is replaced by Cre recombinase. Subsequent Cre-mediated activation of β-galactosidase or eYFP reporter alleles enabled lineage trace analyses that clearly define the fate of Hand1-expressing cells. Hand1-driven Cre marks specific lineages within the extra embryonic tissues, placenta, sympathetic nervous system, limbs, jaw, and several cell types within the cardiovascular system. Comparisons between Hand1 expression and Hand1-lineage greatly refine our understanding of its dynamic spatial-temporal expression domains and raise the possibility of novel Hand1 functions in structures not thought to be Hand1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralston M Barnes
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Anatomy, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5225, USA
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Tsuchihashi T, Maeda J, Shin CH, Ivey KN, Black BL, Olson EN, Yamagishi H, Srivastava D. Hand2 function in second heart field progenitors is essential for cardiogenesis. Dev Biol 2010; 351:62-9. [PMID: 21185281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis involves the contributions of multiple progenitor pools, including mesoderm-derived cardiac progenitors known as the first and second heart fields. Disruption of genetic pathways regulating individual subsets of cardiac progenitors likely underlies many forms of human cardiac malformations. Hand2 is a member of the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors and is expressed in numerous cell lineages that contribute to the developing heart. However, the early embryonic lethality of Hand2-null mice has precluded lineage-specific study of its function in myocardial progenitors. Here, we generated and used a floxed allele of Hand2 to ablate its expression in specific cardiac cell populations at defined developmental points. We found that Hand2 expression within the mesoderm-derived second heart field progenitors was required for their survival and deletion in this domain recapitulated the complete Hand2-null phenotype. Loss of Hand2 at later stages of development and in restricted domains of the second heart field revealed a spectrum of cardiac anomalies resembling forms of human congenital heart disease. Molecular analyses of Hand2 mutant cells revealed several genes by which Hand2 may influence expansion of the cardiac progenitors. These findings demonstrate that Hand2 is essential for survival of second heart field progenitors and that the graded loss of Hand2 function in this cardiac progenitor pool can cause a spectrum of congenital heart malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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BmprIa is required in mesenchymal tissue and has limited redundant function with BmprIb in tooth and palate development. Dev Biol 2010; 349:451-61. [PMID: 21034733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The BMP signaling plays a pivotal role in the development of craniofacial organs, including the tooth and palate. BmprIa and BmprIb encode two type I BMP receptors that are primarily responsible for BMP signaling transduction. We investigated mesenchymal tissue-specific requirement of BmprIa and its functional redundancy with BmprIb during the development of mouse tooth and palate. BmprIa and BmprIb exhibit partially overlapping and distinct expression patterns in the developing tooth and palatal shelf. Neural crest-specific inactivation of BmprIa leads to formation of an unusual type of anterior clefting of the secondary palate, an arrest of tooth development at the bud/early cap stages, and severe hypoplasia of the mandible. Defective tooth and palate development is accompanied by the down-regulation of BMP-responsive genes and reduced cell proliferation levels in the palatal and dental mesenchyme. To determine if BmprIb could substitute for BmprIa during tooth and palate development, we expressed a constitutively active form of BmprIb (caBmprIb) in the neural crest cells in which BmprIa was simultaneously inactivated. We found that substitution of BmprIa by caBmprIb in neural rest cells rescues the development of molars and maxillary incisor, but the rescued teeth exhibit a delayed odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation. In contrast, caBmprIb fails to rescue the palatal and mandibular defects including the lack of lower incisors. Our results demonstrate an essential role for BmprIa in the mesenchymal component and a limited functional redundancy between BmprIa and BmprIb in a tissue-specific manner during tooth and palate development.
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Adams HA, Southey BR, Everts RE, Marjani SL, Tian CX, Lewin HA, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Transferase activity function and system development process are critical in cattle embryo development. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 11:139-50. [PMID: 20844914 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microarray gene expression experiments often consider specific developmental stages, tissue sources, or reproductive technologies. This focus hinders the understanding of the cattle embryo transcriptome. To address this, four microarray experiments encompassing three developmental stages (7, 25, 280 days), two tissue sources (embryonic or extra-embryonic), and two reproductive technologies (artificial insemination or AI and somatic cell nuclear transfer or NT) were combined using two sets of meta-analyses. The first set of meta-analyses uncovered 434 genes differentially expressed between AI and NT (regardless of stage or source) that were not detected by the individual-experiment analyses. The molecular function of transferase activity was enriched among these genes that included ECE2, SLC22A1, and a gene similar to CAMK2D. Gene POLG2 was over-expressed in AI versus NT 7-day embryos and was under-expressed in AI versus NT 25-day embryos. Gene HAND2 was over-expressed in AI versus NT extra-embryonic samples at 280 days yet under-expressed in AI versus NT embryonic samples at 7 days. The second set of meta-analyses uncovered enrichment of system, organ, and anatomical structure development among the genes differentially expressed between 7- and 25-day embryos from either reproductive technology. Genes PRDX1and SLC16A1 were over-expressed in 7- versus 25-day AI embryos and under-expressed in 7- versus 25-day NT embryos. Changes in stage were associated with high number of differentially expressed genes, followed by technology and source. Genes with transferase activity may hold a clue to the differences in efficiency between reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Adams
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Jongbloed MR, Wisse LJ, Poelmann RE. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Second heart field derived myocardial and epicardial developmental clues. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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