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Hastings MH, Castro C, Freeman R, Abdul Kadir A, Lerchenmüller C, Li H, Rhee J, Roh JD, Roh K, Singh AP, Wu C, Xia P, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Rosenzweig A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributors to the Cardiac Benefits of Exercise. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:535-552. [PMID: 38680954 PMCID: PMC11055208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Among its many cardiovascular benefits, exercise training improves heart function and protects the heart against age-related decline, pathological stress, and injury. Here, we focus on cardiac benefits with an emphasis on more recent updates to our understanding. While the cardiomyocyte continues to play a central role as both a target and effector of exercise's benefits, there is a growing recognition of the important roles of other, noncardiomyocyte lineages and pathways, including some that lie outside the heart itself. We review what is known about mediators of exercise's benefits-both those intrinsic to the heart (at the level of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, or vascular cells) and those that are systemic (including metabolism, inflammation, the microbiome, and aging)-highlighting what is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H. Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Claire Castro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Freeman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haobo Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Rhee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kangsan Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Dattani A, Singh A, McCann GP, Gulsin GS. Myocardial Calcium Handling in Type 2 Diabetes: A Novel Therapeutic Target. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 38248882 PMCID: PMC10817027 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multisystem disease with rapidly increasing global prevalence. Heart failure has emerged as a major complication of T2D. Dysregulated myocardial calcium handling is evident in the failing heart and this may be a key driver of cardiomyopathy in T2D, but until recently this has only been demonstrated in animal models. In this review, we describe the physiological concepts behind calcium handling within the cardiomyocyte and the application of novel imaging techniques for the quantification of myocardial calcium uptake. We take an in-depth look at the evidence for the impairment of calcium handling in T2D using pre-clinical models as well as in vivo studies, following which we discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches targeting dysregulated myocardial calcium handling in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dattani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; (A.S.); (G.P.M.); (G.S.G.)
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3
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Gómez-Viquez NL, Balderas-Villalobos J, Bello-Sánchez MD, Mayorga-Luna M, Mailloux-Salinas P, García-Castañeda M, Ríos-Pérez EB, Mártinez-Ávila MA, Camacho-Castillo LDC, Bravo G, Ávila G, Altamirano J, Carvajal K. Oxidative stress in early metabolic syndrome impairs cardiac RyR2 and SERCA2a activity and modifies the interplay of these proteins during Ca 2+ waves. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1058-1070. [PMID: 33689540 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1895224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how oxidative stress (OS) alters Ca2+ handling in ventricular myocytes in early metabolic syndrome (MetS) in sucrose-fed rats. The effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or dl-Dithiothreitol (DTT) on systolic Ca2+ transients (SCaTs), diastolic Ca2+ sparks (CaS) and Ca2+ waves (CaW), recorded by confocal techniques, and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), assessed by whole-cell patch clamp, were evaluated in MetS and Control cells. MetS myocytes exhibited decreased SCaTs and CaS frequency but unaffected CaW propagation. In Control cells, NAC/DTT reduced RyR2/SERCA2a activity blunting SCaTs, CaS frequency and CaW propagation, suggesting that basal ROS optimised Ca2+ signalling by maintaining RyR2/SERCA2a function and that these proteins facilitate CaW propagation. Conversely, NAC/DTT in MetS recovered RyR2/SERCA2a function, improving SCaTs and CaS frequency, but unexpectedly decreasing CaW propagation. We hypothesised that OS decreases RyR2/SERCA2a activity at early MetS, and while decreased SERCA2a favours CaW propagation, diminished RyR2 restrains it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Leticia Gómez-Viquez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Balderas-Villalobos
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ma Dolores Bello-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maritza Mayorga-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patrick Mailloux-Salinas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricela García-Castañeda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Erick Benjamín Ríos-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Guadalupe Bravo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermo Ávila
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, México
| | - Karla Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
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Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030662. [PMID: 36979641 PMCID: PMC10045486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal myocardial structure or performance in the absence of coronary artery disease or significant valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic cardiomyopathy ranges from subtle myocardial changes to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic function and finally to symptomatic heart failure. Except for sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and possibly bariatric and metabolic surgery, there is currently no specific treatment for this distinct disease entity in patients with diabetes. The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes impaired nutrient-sensing signaling, dysregulated autophagy, impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered fuel utilization, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal endothelial function and nitric oxide production, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic hyperactivity, and extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Here, we summarize several important emerging treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy targeting specific molecular mechanisms, with evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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6
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Kemi OJ. Exercise and Calcium in the Heart. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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7
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Forte M, Rodolico D, Ameri P, Catalucci D, Chimenti C, Crotti L, Schirone L, Pingitore A, Torella D, Iacovone G, Valenti V, Schiattarella GG, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 24:e3-e14. [PMID: 36729582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases still represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions can also be adopted for the prevention of these morbid conditions. Lifestyle changes include exercise and dietary restriction protocols, such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, which were shown to delay cardiovascular ageing and elicit health-promoting effects in preclinical models of cardiometabolic diseases. Beneficial effects are mediated by the restoration of multiple molecular mechanisms in heart and vessels that are compromised by metabolic stress. Exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. They also improve autophagy. The result of these effects is a marked improvement of vascular and heart function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary restriction in models of diabetes and obesity. We also discuss clinical studies and gap in animal-to-human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano.,National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS, Milan
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
| | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery 'Paride Stefanini' Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | | | | | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
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8
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Perera T, Pius C, Niort B, Radcliffe EJ, Dibb KM, Trafford AW, Pinali C. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy reveals region-dependent remodelling of transverse tubules post-myocardial infarction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210331. [PMID: 36189812 PMCID: PMC9527908 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly organized transverse tubule (t-tubule) network facilitates cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and synchronous cardiac myocyte contraction. In cardiac failure secondary to myocardial infarction (MI), changes in the structure and organization of t-tubules result in impaired cardiac contractility. However, there is still little knowledge on the regional variation of t-tubule remodelling in cardiac failure post-MI. Here, we investigate post-MI t-tubule remodelling in infarct border and remote regions, using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) applied to a translationally relevant sheep ischaemia reperfusion MI model and matched controls. We performed minimally invasive coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery, followed by reperfusion after 90 min to establish the MI model. Left ventricular tissues obtained from control and MI hearts eight weeks post-MI were imaged using SBF-SEM. Image analysis generated three-dimensional reconstructions of the t-tubular network in control, MI border and remote regions. Quantitative analysis revealed that the MI border region was characterized by t-tubule depletion and fragmentation, dilation of surviving t-tubules and t-tubule elongation. This study highlights region-dependent remodelling of the tubular network post-MI and may provide novel localized therapeutic targets aimed at preservation or restoration of the t-tubules to manage cardiac contractility post-MI. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi Perera
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Charlene Pius
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Barbara Niort
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Emma J Radcliffe
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Katharine M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Christian Pinali
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Davies DM, van den Handel K, Bharadwaj S, Lengefeld J. Cellular enlargement - A new hallmark of aging? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036602. [PMID: 36438561 PMCID: PMC9688412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of important research has revealed that cells heavily invest in regulating their size. Nevertheless, it has remained unclear why accurate size control is so important. Our recent study using hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo indicates that cellular enlargement is causally associated with aging. Here, we present an overview of these findings and their implications. Furthermore, we performed a broad literature analysis to evaluate the potential of cellular enlargement as a new aging hallmark and to examine its connection to previously described aging hallmarks. Finally, we highlight interesting work presenting a correlation between cell size and age-related diseases. Taken together, we found mounting evidence linking cellular enlargement to aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, we encourage researchers from seemingly unrelated areas to take a fresh look at their data from the perspective of cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Davies
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim van den Handel
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soham Bharadwaj
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette Lengefeld
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase activity is unchanged despite increased myofilament calcium sensitivity in Zucker type 2 diabetic fatty rat heart. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16904. [PMID: 36207382 PMCID: PMC9546843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in diabetes have frequently been associated with abnormal calcium (Ca2+) regulation. However, there is emerging evidence that Ca2+ mishandling alone is insufficient to fully explain diabetic heart dysfunction, with focus shifting to the properties of the myofilament proteins. Our aim was to examine the effects of diabetes on myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and Ca2+ handling in left ventricular tissues isolated from the same type 2 diabetic rat hearts. We measured the force-pCa relationship in skinned left ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from 20-week-old type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was greater in the diabetic relative to non-diabetic cardiomyocytes, and this corresponded with lower phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at ser23/24 in the diabetic left ventricular tissues. Protein expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) at Ser16, and SERCA/PLB ratio were lower in the diabetic left ventricular tissues. However, the maximum SERCA Ca2+ uptake rate was not different between the diabetic and non-diabetic myocardium. Our data suggest that impaired contractility in the diabetic heart is not caused by SERCA Ca2+ mishandling. This study highlights the important role of the cardiac myofilament and provides new insight on the pathophysiology of diabetic heart dysfunction.
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Rupee S, Rupee K, Singh RB, Hanoman C, Ismail AMA, Smail M, Singh J. Diabetes-induced chronic heart failure is due to defects in calcium transporting and regulatory contractile proteins: cellular and molecular evidence. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 28:627-644. [PMID: 36107271 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major deteriorating disease of the myocardium due to weak myocardial muscles. As such, the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently around the body to meet its constant demand. HF is a major global health problem with more than 7 million deaths annually worldwide, with some patients dying suddenly due to sudden cardiac death (SCD). There are several risk factors which are associated with HF and SCD which can negatively affect the heart synergistically. One major risk factor is diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause an elevation in blood glucose level or hyperglycaemia (HG) which, in turn, has an insulting effect on the myocardium. This review attempted to explain the subcellular, cellular and molecular mechanisms and to a lesser extent, the genetic factors associated with the development of diabetes- induced cardiomyopathy due to the HG which can subsequently lead to chronic heart failure (CHF) and SCD. The study first explained the structure and function of the myocardium and then focussed mainly on the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) processes highlighting the defects of calcium transporting (SERCA, NCX, RyR and connexin) and contractile regulatory (myosin, actin, titin and troponin) proteins. The study also highlighted new therapies and those under development, as well as preventative strategies to either treat or prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is postulated that prevention is better than cure.
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12
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Sultan A, Qureshi MA, Howarth FC. Effects of Isoprenaline on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca 2+ transport in the Zucker rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175263. [PMID: 36100128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) which is a major global health problem. Electro-mechanical dysfunction has been extensively described in diabetic heart and cardiovascular complications are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of Isoprenaline (ISO) in obesity and diabesity on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca2+ transport in Zucker fatty (ZF), Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) in comparison to Zucker lean (ZL) rats. METHODS Myocyte shortening and intracellular Ca2+ were investigated with video imaging and fluorescence photometry, respectively. RESULTS The amplitude of Isoprenaline stimulated shortening was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL myocytes. The amplitude of Isoprenaline stimulated Ca2+ transient was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in ZF compared to ZL and modestly reduced in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Mean Isoprenaline stimulated time to peak along with time to half relaxation of shortening were unchanged in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Mean Isoprenaline stimulated time to peak Ca2+ transient was significantly shortened in ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Time to half decay of the Ca2+ transient was considerably prolonged in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Amplitude of Isoprenaline stimulated caffeine-evoked Ca2+ transients were significantly reduced in ZDF and ZF in comparison to ZL myocytes. CONCLUSION Isoprenaline was less effective at generating an increase in the amplitude of shortening in ZDF and ZF in comparison to ZL myocytes and defects in Ca2+ signaling, and in particular SR Ca2+ transport, might partly underlie these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Anwar Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Sultan A, Adeghate E, Emerald BS, Qureshi MA, Minhas ST, Howarth FC. Effects of Obesity and Diabesity on Ventricular Muscle Structure and Function in the Zucker Rat. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1221. [PMID: 36013400 PMCID: PMC9410105 DOI: 10.3390/life12081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The effects of obesity and diabesity on the function and structure of ventricular myocytes in the Zucker fatty (ZF) rat and the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat compared to Zucker lean (ZL) control rats have been investigated. (2) Methods: Shortening and intracellular Ca2+ were simultaneously measured with cell imaging and fluorescence photometry, respectively. Ventricular muscle protein expression and structure were investigated with Western blot and electron microscopy, respectively. (3) Results: The amplitude of shortening was increased in ZF compared to ZL but not compared to ZDF myocytes. Resting Ca2+ was increased in ZDF compared to ZL myocytes. Time to half decay of the Ca2+ transient was prolonged in ZDF compared to ZL and was reduced in ZF compared to ZL myocytes. Changes in expression of proteins associated with cardiac muscle contraction are presented. Structurally, there were reductions in sarcomere length in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL and reductions in mitochondria count in ZF compared to ZDF and ZL myocytes. (4) Conclusions: Alterations in ventricular muscle proteins and structure may partly underlie the defects observed in Ca2+ signaling in ZDF and ZF compared to ZL rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq Minhas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Ness HO, Ljones K, Gjelsvik RH, Tjønna AE, Malmo V, Nilsen HO, Hollekim-Strand SM, Dalen H, Høydal MA. Acute effects of high intensity training on cardiac function: a pilot study comparing subjects with type 2 diabetes to healthy controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8239. [PMID: 35581305 PMCID: PMC9114004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated acute cardiac stress after a high-intensity interval training session in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus healthy controls. High intensity aerobic exercise was performed by 4 × 4-min intervals (90-95% of maximal heart rate), followed by a ramp protocol to peak oxygen uptake. Echocardiography was performed before and 30 min after exercise. Holter electrocardiography monitored heart rhythms 24 h before, during, and 24 h after the exercise. Left atrial end-systolic volume, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and the ratio of peak early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocity were reduced by approximately 18%, 15%, and 31%, respectively, after exercise across groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness was the only echo parameter that significantly differed between groups in response to exercise. The T2D group had a rate of supraventricular extrasystoles per hour that was 265% greater than that of the controls before exercise, which remained higher after exercise. A single exhaustive exercise session impaired left ventricular diastolic function in both groups. The findings also indicated impaired right ventricular function in patients with T2D after exercise.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02998008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning O. Ness
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Ljones
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi H. Gjelsvik
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnt Erik Tjønna
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Malmo
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Olav Nilsen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Marte Hollekim-Strand
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.414625.00000 0004 0627 3093Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Morten Andre Høydal
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gt. 3, Akutten og Hjerte-lunge-senteret, 3.etg, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Liu QQ, Xie WQ, Luo YX, Li YD, Huang WH, Wu YX, Li YS. High Intensity Interval Training: A Potential Method for Treating Sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:857-872. [PMID: 35656091 PMCID: PMC9152764 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s366245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, has attracted the attention of medical experts due to its severe morbidity, low living quality, high expenditure of health care, and mortality. Traditionally, persistent aerobic exercise (PAE) is considered as a valid way to attenuate muscular atrophy. However, nowadays, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a more effective and time-efficient method to replace traditional exercise modes. HIIT displays comprehensive effects on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism, and it provides a time-out for the recovery of cardiopulmonary and muscular functions without causing severe adverse effects. Studies demonstrated that compared with PAE, HIIT showed similar or even higher effects in improving muscle strength, enhancing physical performances and increasing muscle mass of elder people. Therefore, HIIT might become a promising way to cope with the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function. However, it is worth mentioning that no study of HIIT was conducted directly on sarcopenia patients, which is attributed to the suspicious of safety and validity. In this review, we will assess the effects of different training parameters on muscle and sarcopenia, summarize previous papers which compared the effects of HIIT and PAE in improving muscle quality and function, and evaluate the potential of HIIT to replace the status of PAE in treating old people with muscle atrophy and low modality; and point out drawbacks of temporary experiments. Our aim is to discuss the feasibility of HIIT to treat sarcopenia and provide a reference for clinical scientists who want to utilize HIIT as a new way to cope with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Huang
- Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, People’s Republic of China
- Yu-Xiang Wu, Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 27 8422 6921, Email
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13975889696, Email
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16
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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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17
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Peng ML, Fu Y, Wu CW, Zhang Y, Ren H, Zhou SS. Signaling Pathways Related to Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907757. [PMID: 35784531 PMCID: PMC9240190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasing in prevalence and causes many complications. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes that is associated with high mortality, but it is not well defined. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that DCM refers to a clinical disease that occurs in patients with diabetes and involves ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, or valvular heart disease. However, it is currently uncertain whether the pathogenesis of DCM is directly attributable to metabolic dysfunction or secondary to diabetic microangiopathy. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered to be a key component of its pathogenesis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes is a vicious circle, resulting in further production of ROS, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and the post-translational modification of proteins, as well as inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, ultimately leading to cell death and cardiac dysfunction. ROS have been shown to affect various signaling pathways involved in the development of DCM. For instance, OS causes metabolic disorders by affecting the regulation of PPARα, AMPK/mTOR, and SIRT3/FOXO3a. Furthermore, OS participates in inflammation mediated by the NF-κB pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, and the TLR4 pathway. OS also promotes TGF-β-, Rho-ROCK-, and Notch-mediated cardiac remodeling, and is involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which impairs ATP production and causes ROS overproduction. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways that link OS to DCM, with the intention of identifying appropriate targets and new antioxidant therapies for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ling Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chu-wen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-shan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-shan Zhou,
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18
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Dede E, Liapis D, Davos C, Katsimpoulas M, Varela A, Mpotis I, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kadoglou NPE. The effects of exercise training on cardiac matrix metalloproteinases activity and cardiac function in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:8-13. [PMID: 34818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins homeostasis and cardiac dysfunction in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 3 groups for 8 weeks (12mice/group): Diabetic control-DC: Diabetes was induced by single streptozotocin injection (200 mg/kg i.p.); Diabetic exercise-DE: Diabetic mice underwent ET program on motorized-treadmill (6-times/week, 60min/session); Non-diabetic control-NDC: Vehicle-treated, sedentary, non-diabetic mice served as controls. Before euthanasia, all groups underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Post-mortem, left-ventricle (LV) samples were histologically analysed for ECM proteins (collagen, elastin), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). RESULTS DC group showed significantly higher cardiac contents of collagen and MMP-9 and lower elastic concentration than NDC (p < 0.001). The implementation of ET completely outweighed those diabetes-induced changes (DE vs NDC, p > 0.05). TIMP-1 levels significantly increased across all groups (DC: 18.98 ± 3.47%, DE: 24.24 ± 2.36%, NDC: 46.36 ± 5.91%; p < 0.05), while MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio followed a reverse pattern. ET tended to increase MMP-2 concentrations versus DC (p = 0.055), but did not achieve non-diabetic levels (p < 0.05). TIMP-2 cardiac concentrations remained unaltered throughout the study (p > 0.05). Importantly, ET ameliorated both LV end-systolic internal diameter (LVESD) (p < 0.001) and the percentage of LV fractional shortening (FS%) (p = 0.006) compared to DC. Despite that favorable effect, the cardiac function level of DE group remained worse than NDC group (%FS: p = 0.002; LVESD: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Systemic ET may favorably change ECM proteins, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 cardiac concentrations in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Those results were associated with partial improvement of echocardiography-assessed cardiac function, indicating a therapeutic effect of ET in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dede
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Liapis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Davos
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mpotis
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
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19
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Setterberg IE, Le C, Frisk M, Li J, Louch WE. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of T-Tubules in the Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718404. [PMID: 34566684 PMCID: PMC8458775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures form functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and thereby enable close contact between L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) and Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs). This arrangement in turn ensures efficient triggering of Ca2+ release, and contraction. While new data indicate that t-tubules are capable of exhibiting compensatory remodeling, they are also widely reported to be structurally and functionally compromised during disease, resulting in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, impaired systolic and/or diastolic function, and arrhythmogenesis. This review summarizes these findings, while highlighting an emerging appreciation of the distinct roles of t-tubules in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF). In this context, we review current understanding of the processes underlying t-tubule growth, maintenance, and degradation, underscoring the involvement of a variety of regulatory proteins, including junctophilin-2 (JPH2), amphiphysin-2 (BIN1), caveolin-3 (Cav3), and newer candidate proteins. Upstream regulation of t-tubule structure/function by cardiac workload and specifically ventricular wall stress is also discussed, alongside perspectives for novel strategies which may therapeutically target these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn E Setterberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Frisk M, Le C, Shen X, Røe ÅT, Hou Y, Manfra O, Silva GJJ, van Hout I, Norden ES, Aronsen JM, Laasmaa M, Espe EKS, Zouein FA, Lambert RR, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Lunde IG, Coffey S, Cataliotti A, Gullestad L, Tønnessen T, Jones PP, Altara R, Louch WE. Etiology-Dependent Impairment of Diastolic Cardiomyocyte Calcium Homeostasis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:405-419. [PMID: 33509397 PMCID: PMC7840890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with ventricular dilation and markedly reduced systolic function, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients exhibit concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Impaired cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis in HFrEF has been linked to disruption of membrane invaginations called t-tubules, but it is unknown if such changes occur in HFpEF. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether distinct cardiomyocyte phenotypes underlie the heart failure entities of HFrEF and HFpEF. METHODS T-tubule structure was investigated in left ventricular biopsies obtained from HFrEF and HFpEF patients, whereas cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis was studied in rat models of these conditions. RESULTS HFpEF patients exhibited increased t-tubule density in comparison with control subjects. Super-resolution imaging revealed that higher t-tubule density resulted from both tubule dilation and proliferation. In contrast, t-tubule density was reduced in patients with HFrEF. Augmented collagen deposition within t-tubules was observed in HFrEF but not HFpEF hearts. A causative link between mechanical stress and t-tubule disruption was supported by markedly elevated ventricular wall stress in HFrEF patients. In HFrEF rats, t-tubule loss was linked to impaired systolic Ca2+ homeostasis, although diastolic Ca2+ removal was also reduced. In contrast, Ca2+ transient magnitude and release kinetics were largely maintained in HFpEF rats. However, diastolic Ca2+ impairments, including reduced sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity, were specifically observed in diabetic HFpEF but not in ischemic or hypertensive models. CONCLUSIONS Although t-tubule disruption and impaired cardiomyocyte Ca2+ release are hallmarks of HFrEF, such changes are not prominent in HFpEF. Impaired diastolic Ca2+ homeostasis occurs in both conditions, but in HFpEF, this mechanism for diastolic dysfunction is etiology-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. https://twitter.com/IEMRLouch
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsmund T Røe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yufeng Hou
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ornella Manfra
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustavo J J Silva
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Einar S Norden
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Magnus Aronsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Laasmaa
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil K S Espe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Regis R Lambert
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Christen P Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine and HeartOtago, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter P Jones
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. https://twitter.com/IEMRLouch
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Veitch CR, Power AS, Erickson JR. CaMKII Inhibition is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695401. [PMID: 34381362 PMCID: PMC8350113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has pushed the complex disease state to the foreground of biomedical research, especially concerning its multifaceted impacts on the cardiovascular system. Current therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy have had a positive impact, but with diabetic patients still suffering from a significantly greater burden of cardiac pathology compared to the general population, the need for novel therapeutic approaches is great. A new therapeutic target, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), has emerged as a potential treatment option for preventing cardiac dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Within the last 10 years, new evidence has emerged describing the pathophysiological consequences of CaMKII activation in the diabetic heart, the mechanisms that underlie persistent CaMKII activation, and the protective effects of CaMKII inhibition to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review will examine recent evidence tying cardiac dysfunction in diabetes to CaMKII activation. It will then discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which CaMKII activity is enhanced during diabetes. Finally, it will examine the benefits of CaMKII inhibition to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy, including contractile dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and arrhythmogenesis. We intend this review to serve as a critical examination of CaMKII inhibition as a therapeutic strategy, including potential drawbacks of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Veitch
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amelia S Power
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Abstract
High-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport
for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of
high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding
of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative
review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are
described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as
major effectors and targets of health and performance. Different kinds of
stimuli and resulting homeostatic perturbations (i. e., metabolic,
mechanical, neuronal, and hormonal) are reflected, taking into account their
role in the local and systemic deflection of molecular sensors and mediators,
and their role in tissue and organ adaptations. In skeletal muscle, a high
metabolic perturbation induced by high-intensity training is the major stimulus
for skeletal muscle adaptation. In the cardio-vascular system, high-intensity
training induces haemodynamic stress and deflection of the
Ca
2+
handling as major stimuli for
functional and structural adaptation of the heart and vessels. For the immune
system haemodynamic stress, hormones, exosomes, and O
2
availability
are proposed stimuli that mediate their effects by alteration of different
signalling processes leading to local and systemic (anti)inflammatory responses.
Overall, high-intensity training shows specific molecular signatures that
demonstrate its high potential to improve health and physical performance.
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23
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Bowman PRT, Smith GL, Gould GW. Run for your life: can exercise be used to effectively target GLUT4 in diabetic cardiac disease? PeerJ 2021; 9:e11485. [PMID: 34113491 PMCID: PMC8162245 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence, associated mortality rates and economic burden of diabetes are now such that it is considered one of the most pressing worldwide public health challenges. Considerable research is now devoted to better understanding the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of this disease, with an ultimate aim of improving the array of available preventive and therapeutic interventions. One area of particular unmet clinical need is the significantly elevated rate of cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients, which in part contributes to cardiovascular disease being the primary cause of premature death in this population. This review will first consider the role of metabolism and more specifically the insulin sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in diabetic cardiac disease, before addressing how we may use exercise to intervene in order to beneficially impact key functional clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R T Bowman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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24
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García-De Frutos JM, Orquín-Castrillón FJ, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Martínez-Rodríguez A. Acute Effects of Work Rest Interval Duration of 3 HIIT Protocols on Cycling Power in Trained Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084225. [PMID: 33923545 PMCID: PMC8073758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is described as a succession of short duration and maximum or near-maximum intensity efforts, alternated by recovery periods during which exercise continues at a lower intensity (active recovery) or is interrupted (passive recovery). Our objective was to evaluate the acute responses of three HIIT protocols of different work/rest interval times over the total time of the session, with self-selectable load and up to exhaustion, “all out”.The sample was composed of 22 male participants (n = 22) between 19 and 24 years old. The HIIT protocol consisted of one of the three HIIT protocols, of 30, 60 and 90 s density ratio 1:1 and with passive rest, with a total exercise duration of 10 min. The test was performed in a cycloergometer set in workload mode independent of the pedaling frequency. The comparison of the three HIIT protocols shows that the duration of the work/rest intervals, starting from 30 s of work, in the cycloergometer, there are no significant differences in the levels of lactate concentration in the blood, nor in the heart rate, since a similar amount is obtained in the three protocols. The percentage of maximum power developed reached in each HIIT protocol is related to the duration of the working intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-De Frutos
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.G.-D.F.); (F.J.O.-C.)
| | - Fco. Javier Orquín-Castrillón
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.G.-D.F.); (F.J.O.-C.)
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (J.Á.R.-A.)
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (J.Á.R.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
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25
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Khajehlandi M, Bolboli L, Siahkuhian M, Rami M, Tabandeh M, Khoramipour K, Suzuki K. Endurance Training Regulates Expression of Some Angiogenesis-Related Genes in Cardiac Tissue of Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040498. [PMID: 33806202 PMCID: PMC8066303 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can ameliorate cardiovascular dysfunctions in the diabetes condition, but its precise molecular mechanisms have not been entirely understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of endurance training on expression of angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (N = 10) including diabetic training (DT), sedentary diabetes (SD), and sedentary healthy (SH), in which diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Endurance training (ET) with moderate-intensity was performed on a motorized treadmill for six weeks. Training duration and treadmill speed were increased during five weeks, but they were kept constant at the final week, and slope was zero at all stages. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C), histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) and Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiac tissues of the rats. Our results demonstrated that six weeks of ET increased gene expression of MEF2C significantly (p < 0.05), and caused a significant reduction in HDAC4 and CaMKII gene expression in the DT rats compared to the SD rats (p < 0.05). We concluded that moderate-intensity ET could play a critical role in ameliorating cardiovascular dysfunction in a diabetes condition by regulating the expression of some angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khajehlandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619913131, Iran; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Lotfali Bolboli
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619913131, Iran; (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (K.S.); Tel.: +98-91-4351-2590 (L.B.); +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.)
| | - Marefat Siahkuhian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619913131, Iran; (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammad Rami
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran;
| | - Mohammadreza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran;
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Physiology Research Center and Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (K.S.); Tel.: +98-91-4351-2590 (L.B.); +81-4-2947-6898 (K.S.)
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26
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Ness H, Ljones K, Pinho M, Høydal M. Acute high-intensity aerobic exercise increases gene expression of calcium-related proteins and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in diabetic hearts. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Regular aerobic exercise training has a wide range of beneficial cardiac effects, but recent data also show that acute very strenuous aerobic exercise may impose a transient cardiac exhaustion. The aim of this study was to assess the response to acute high-intensity aerobic exercise on properties of mitochondrial respiration, cardiomyocyte contractile function, Ca2+ handling and transcriptional changes for key proteins facilitating Ca2+ handling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were assigned to either sedentary control or an acute bout of exercise, consisting of a 10×4 minutes high-intensity interval treadmill run. Mitochondrial respiration, contractile and Ca2+ handling properties of cardiomyocytes were analysed 1 hour after completion of exercise. Gene expression levels of key Ca2+ handling and ER stress response proteins were measured in cardiac tissue samples harvested 1 hour and 24 hours after exercise. We found no significant changes in mitochondrial respiration, cardiomyocyte contractile function or Ca2+ handling 1 hour after the acute exercise. However, gene expression of Atp2a2, Slc8a1 and Ryr2, encoding proteins involved in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling, were all significantly upregulated 24 hours after the acute exercise bout. Acute exercise also altered gene expression of several key proteins in ER stress response and unfolded protein response, including Grp94, total Xbp1, Gadd34, and Atf6. The present results show that despite no significant alterations in functional properties of cardiomyocyte function, Ca2+ handling or mitochondrial respiration following one bout of high intensity aerobic exercise training, the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ handling and key components in ER stress and the unfolded protein response were changed. These transcriptional changes may constitute important steps in initiating adaptive remodelling to exercise training in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.O. Ness
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - K. Ljones
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - M. Pinho
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
| | - M.A. Høydal
- NTNU, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Group of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 9, Trondheim, 7489, Norway
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27
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Danielsen TK, Sadredini M, Manotheepan R, Aronsen JM, Frisk M, Hansen MH, Andressen KW, Hougen K, Levy FO, Louch WE, Sejersted OM, Sjaastad I, Stokke MK. Exercise Training Stabilizes RyR2-Dependent Ca 2+ Release in Post-infarction Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:623922. [PMID: 33569394 PMCID: PMC7868397 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.623922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Dysfunction of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is an almost ubiquitous finding in animal models of heart failure (HF) and results in abnormal Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes that contributes to contractile impairment and arrhythmias. We tested whether exercise training (ET), as recommended by current guidelines, had the potential to stabilize RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release in rats with post-myocardial infarction HF. Materials and Methods: We subjected male Wistar rats to left coronary artery ligation or sham operations. After 1 week, animals were characterized by echocardiography and randomized to high-intensity interval ET on treadmills or to sedentary behavior (SED). Running speed was adjusted based on a weekly VO2max test. We repeated echocardiography after 5 weeks of ET and harvested left ventricular cardiomyocytes for analysis of RyR2-dependent systolic and spontaneous Ca2+ release. Phosphoproteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and beta-adrenoceptor density was quantified by radioligand binding. Results: ET increased VO2max in HF-ET rats to 127% of HF-SED (P < 0.05). This coincided with attenuated spontaneous SR Ca2+ release in left ventricular cardiomyocytes from HF-ET but also reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and slowed Ca2+ reuptake during adrenoceptor activation. However, ventricular diameter and fractional shortening were unaffected by ET. Analysis of Ca2+ homeostasis and major proteins involved in the regulation of SR Ca2+ release and reuptake could not explain the attenuated spontaneous SR Ca2+ release or reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude. Importantly, measurements of beta-adrenoceptors showed a normalization of beta1-adrenoceptor density and beta1:beta2-adrenoceptor ratio in HF-ET. Conclusion: ET increased aerobic capacity in post-myocardial infarction HF rats and stabilized RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release. Our data show that these effects of ET can be gained without major alterations in SR Ca2+ regulatory proteins and indicate that future studies should include upstream parts of the sympathetic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Kristian Danielsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mani Sadredini
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ravinea Manotheepan
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Haugsten Hansen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karina Hougen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Mathias Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathis Korseberg Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Kristian Gerhard (KG) Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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De Jong KA, Nikolaev VO. Multifaceted remodelling of cAMP microdomains driven by different aetiologies of heart failure. FEBS J 2021; 288:6603-6622. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie A. De Jong
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
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29
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Larsen TS, Jansen KM. Impact of Obesity-Related Inflammation on Cardiac Metabolism and Function. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 10:8-23. [PMID: 33537250 PMCID: PMC7838512 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of adipose tissue in obese individuals in the development of metabolic diseases, and their consequences for metabolic and functional derangements in the heart. The general idea is that the expansion of adipocytes during the development of obesity gives rise to unhealthy adipose tissue, characterized by low-grade inflammation and the release of proinflammatory adipokines and fatty acids (FAs). This condition, in turn, causes systemic inflammation and elevated FA concentrations in the circulation, which links obesity to several pathologies, including impaired insulin signaling in cardiac muscle and a subsequent shift in myocardial substrate oxidation in favor of FAs and reduced cardiac efficiency. This review also argues that efforts to prevent obesity-related cardiometabolic disease should focus on anti-obesogenic strategies to restore normal adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje S Larsen
- Department of Medical Biology, The Health Sciences Faculty, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsten M Jansen
- Department of Medical Biology, The Health Sciences Faculty, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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30
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Christé G, Bonvallet R, Chouabe C. Accounting for cardiac t-tubule increase with age and myocyte volume to improve measurements of its membrane area and ionic current densities. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 157:40-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Stølen TO, Høydal MA, Ahmed MS, Jørgensen K, Garten K, Hortigon-Vinagre MP, Zamora V, Scrimgeour NR, Berre AMO, Nes BM, Skogvoll E, Johnsen AB, Moreira JBN, McMullen JR, Attramadal H, Smith GL, Ellingsen Ø, Wisløff U. Exercise training reveals micro-RNAs associated with improved cardiac function and electrophysiology in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:106-119. [PMID: 32918915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endurance training improves aerobic fitness and cardiac function in individuals with heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. Exercise training could therefore act as a tool to discover novel targets for heart failure treatment. We aimed to associate changes in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology with micro-RNA (miRNA) profile in exercise trained heart failure rats to establish which miRNAs induce heart failure-like effects in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS Post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure was induced in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats with MI were randomized to sedentary control (sed), moderate (mod)- or high-intensity (high) endurance training for 8 weeks. Exercise training improved cardiac function, Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology including reduced susceptibility to arrhythmia in an exercise intensity-dependent manner where high intensity gave a larger effect. Fifty-five miRNAs were significantly regulated (up or down) in MI-sed, of which 18 and 3 were changed towards Sham-sed in MI-high and MI-mod, respectively. Thereafter we experimentally altered expression of these "exercise-miRNAs" individually in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC-CM) in the same direction as they were changed in MI. Of the "exercise-miRNAs", miR-214-3p prolonged AP duration, whereas miR-140 and miR-208a shortened AP duration. miR-497-5p prolonged Ca2+ release whereas miR-214-3p and miR-31a-5p prolonged Ca2+ decay. CONCLUSION Using exercise training as a tool, we discovered that miR-214-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-31a-5p contribute to heart-failure like behaviour in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology and could be potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas O Stølen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Morten A Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Muhammad Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Jørgensen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Garten
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria P Hortigon-Vinagre
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Zamora
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan R Scrimgeour
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Ormbostad Berre
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Skogvoll
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Berit Johnsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose B N Moreira
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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32
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Boardman NT, Pedersen TM, Rossvoll L, Hafstad AD, Aasum E. Diet-induced obese mouse hearts tolerate an acute high-fatty acid exposure that also increases ischemic tolerance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H682-H693. [PMID: 32795177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00284.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An ischemic insult is accompanied by an acute increase in circulating fatty acid (FA) levels, which can induce adverse changes related to cardiac metabolism/energetics. Although chronic hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-/diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, it is unclear how these hearts are affected by an acute high FA-load. We hypothesize that adaptation to chronic FA exposure enhances the obese hearts' ability to handle an acute high FA-load. Diet-induced obese (DIO) and age-matched control (CON) mouse hearts were perfused in the presence of low- or high FA-load (0.4 and 1.8 mM, respectively). Left ventricular (LV) function, FA oxidation rate, myocardial oxygen consumption, and mechanical efficiency were assessed, followed by analysis of myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, protein acetylation, and gene expression. Finally, ischemic tolerance was determined by examining LV functional recovery and infarct size. Under low-FA conditions, DIO hearts showed mild LV dysfunction, oxygen wasting, mechanical inefficiency, and reduced mitochondrial OxPhos. High FA-load increased FA oxidation rates in both groups, but this did not alter any of the above parameters in DIO hearts. In contrast, CON hearts showed FA-induced mechanical inefficiency, oxidative stress, and reduced OxPhos, as well as enhanced acetylation and activation of PPARα-dependent gene expression. While high FA-load did not alter functional recovery and infarct size in CON hearts, it increased ischemic tolerance in DIO hearts. Thus, this study demonstrates that acute FA-load affects normal and obese hearts differently and that chronically elevated circulating FA levels render the DIO heart less vulnerable to the disadvantageous effects of an acute FA-load.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An acute myocardial fat-load leads to oxidative stress, oxygen wasting, mechanical inefficiency, hyperacetylation, and impaired mitochondrial function, which can contribute to reduced ischemic tolerance. Following obesity/insulin resistance, hearts were less affected by a high fat-load, which subsequently also improved ischemic tolerance. This study highlights that an acute fat-load affects normal and obese hearts differently and that obesity renders hearts less vulnerable to the disadvantageous effects of an acute fat-load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoma T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tina M Pedersen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Line Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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Khan S, Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:268-281. [PMID: 32735531 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731174724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis, which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, initially, and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, The pathophysiology of DCM is briefly discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Syed S Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Oikawa S, Kai Y, Mano A, Nakamura S, Kakinuma Y. S-Nitroso-N-Pivaloyl-D-Penicillamine, a novel non-neuronal ACh system activator, modulates cardiac diastolic function to increase cardiac performance under pathophysiological conditions. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106459. [PMID: 32325404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the development of a novel chemical compound, S-Nitroso-N-Pivaloyl-D-Penicillamine (SNPiP), for the upregulation of the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system (NNCCS), a cardiac acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis system, which is different from the vagus nerve releasing of ACh as a neurotransmitter. However, it remains unclear how SNPiP could influence cardiac function positively, and whether SNPiP could improve cardiac function under various pathological conditions. SNPiP-injected control mice demonstrated a gradual upregulation in diastolic function without changes in heart rate. In contrast to some parameters in cardiac function that were influenced by SNPiP 24 h or 48 h after a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection, 72 h later, end-systolic pressure, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction increased. IP SNPiP injection also improved impaired cardiac function, which is a characteristic feature of the db/db heart, in a delayed fashion, including diastolic and systolic function, following either several consecutive injections or a single injection. SNPiP, a novel NNCCS activator, could be applied as a therapeutic agent for the upregulation of NNCCS and as a unique tool for modulating cardiac function via improvement in diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Oikawa
- Department of Bioregulatory Science (Physiology), Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yuko Kai
- Department of Bioregulatory Science (Physiology), Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Asuka Mano
- Department of Bioregulatory Science (Physiology), Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Bioregulatory Science (Physiology), Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal TGFβ signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:53-64. [PMID: 32251671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic condition associated with a multitude of cardiovascular complications. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes in heart failure populations is higher than that in control populations. However, the role of cardiomyocyte alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been well characterized and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, two patients who were diagnosed as T2DM were recruited and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from urine epithelial cells using nonintegrated Sendai virus. The iPSC lines derived from five healthy subjects were used as controls. All iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) using the monolayer-based differentiation protocol. T2DM iPSC-CMs exhibited various disease phenotypes, including cellular hypertrophy and lipid accumulation. Moreover, T2DM iPSC-CMs exhibited higher susceptibility to high-glucose/high-lipid challenge than control iPSC-CMs, manifesting an increase in apoptosis. RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed a differential transcriptome profile and abnormal activation of TGFβ signaling pathway in T2DM iPSC-CMs. We went on to show that inhibition of TGFβ significantly rescued the hypertrophic phenotype in T2DM iPSC-CMs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the iPSC-CM model is able to recapitulate cellular phenotype of T2DM. Our results indicate that iPSC-CMs can therefore serve as a suitable model for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathies and for screening therapeutic drugs.
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Verboven M, Van Ryckeghem L, Belkhouribchia J, Dendale P, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, Bito V. Effect of Exercise Intervention on Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:255-268. [PMID: 30357657 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-1003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of exercise on cardiac function/structure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is not yet completely understood. To date, results of studies have been controversial with variable outcomes due to the variety of exercise modalities. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present review was to examine the impact of exercise intervention, and different types of exercise, on cardiac function and structure in T2DM through a systematic literature review, combining both pre-clinical and clinical studies. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and PEDro to identify studies up to 2 April 2018. Articles were included when well-defined exercise protocols were provided, and cardiac function in T2DM patients or validated animal models was examined. RESULTS In diabetic animals, improvements in both diastolic and systolic function through exercise therapy were mainly attributed to reduced collagen deposition. In T2DM patients, improvements were observed in diastolic function, but not consistently in systolic function, after endurance (and combined resistance) exercise training. Different exercise intervention modalities and exercise types seemed equally effective in improving cardiac structure and function. CONCLUSION Exercise training elicits significant improvements in diastolic function and beneficial remodeling in T2DM and DCM animal models, but not necessarily improvements in systolic function and left ventricular structure, regardless of exercise type. Therefore, exercise intervention should be a cornerstone in the treatment of T2DM patients not only to improve glycemic control but also to specifically enhance cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Verboven
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van Ryckeghem
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jamal Belkhouribchia
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul Dendale
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Virginie Bito
- BIOMED-Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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NADPH Oxidase 2 Mediates Myocardial Oxygen Wasting in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020171. [PMID: 32093119 PMCID: PMC7070669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and they are associated with the development of a specific cardiomyopathy with elevated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and impaired cardiac efficiency. Although the pathophysiology of this cardiomyopathy is multifactorial and complex, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role. One of the major ROS-generating enzymes in the cardiomyocytes is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), and many potential systemic activators of NOX2 are elevated in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that NOX2 activity would influence cardiac energetics and/or the progression of ventricular dysfunction following obesity. Myocardial ROS content and mechanoenergetics were measured in the hearts from diet-induced-obese wild type (DIOWT) and global NOK2 knock-out mice (DIOKO) and in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice given normal water (DIO) or water supplemented with the NOX2-inhibitor apocynin (DIOAPO). Mitochondrial function and ROS production were also assessed in DIO and DIOAPO mice. This study demonstrated that ablation and pharmacological inhibition of NOX2 both improved mechanical efficiency and reduced MVO2 for non-mechanical cardiac work. Mitochondrial ROS production was also reduced following NOX2 inhibition, while cardiac mitochondrial function was not markedly altered by apocynin-treatment. Therefore, these results indicate a link between obesity-induced myocardial oxygen wasting, NOX2 activation, and mitochondrial ROS.
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Al Kury LT. Calcium Homeostasis in Ventricular Myocytes of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:1942086. [PMID: 33274235 PMCID: PMC7683117 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1942086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder commonly characterized by high blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin production or insulin resistance, or both. DM is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as one of its main complications. It is well established that cardiovascular complications are common in both types of diabetes. Electrical and mechanical problems, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction, are considered as the major complications present in diabetic hearts. Inevitably, disturbances in the mechanism(s) of Ca2+ signaling in diabetes have implications for cardiac myocyte contraction. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in outlining the mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function in diabetes using different animal models of type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of the disturbances of Ca2+ transport and the role of main cardiac proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in the diabetic rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Exploring the molecular mechanism(s) of altered Ca2+ signaling in diabetes will provide an insight for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to improve the heart function in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE
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39
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Boardman NT, Rossvoll L, Lund J, Hafstad AD, Aasum E. 3-Weeks of Exercise Training Increases Ischemic-Tolerance in Hearts From High-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1274. [PMID: 31632301 PMCID: PMC6783811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is an efficient strategy to delay development of obesity and insulin resistance, and thus the progression of obesity/diabetes-related cardiomyopathy. In support of this, experimental studies using animal models of obesity show that chronic exercise prevents the development of obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction (cardiomyopathy). Whether exercise also improves the tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion in these models is less clear, and may depend on the type of exercise procedure as well as time of initiation. We have previously shown a reduction in ischemic-injury in diet-induced obese mice, when the exercise was started prior to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this model. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of exercise on ischemic-tolerance when exercise was initiated after the development obesity-mediated. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20–22 weeks, where they were subjected to high-intensity interval training (HIT) during the last 3 weeks of the feeding period. Sedentary HFD fed and chow fed mice served as controls. Left-ventricular (LV) post-ischemic functional recovery and infarct size were measured in isolated perfused hearts. We also assessed the effect of 3-week HIT on mitochondrial function and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). Sedentary HFD fed mice developed marked obesity and insulin resistance, and demonstrated reduced post-ischemic cardiac functional recovery and increased infarct size. Three weeks of HIT did not induce cardiac hypertrophy and only had a mild effect on obesity and insulin resistance. Despite this, HIT improved post-ischemic LV functional recovery and reduced infarct size. This increase in ischemic-tolerance was accompanied by an improved mitochondrial function as well as reduced MVO2. The present study highlights the beneficial effects of exercise training with regard to improving the ischemic-tolerance in hearts with cardiomyopathy following obesity and insulin resistance. This study also emphasizes the exercise-induced improvement of cardiac energetics and mitochondrial function in obesity/diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoma T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Line Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jim Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellen Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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40
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Jungen C, Scherschel K, Flenner F, Jee H, Rajendran P, De Jong KA, Nikolaev V, Meyer C, Ardell JL, Tompkins JD. Increased arrhythmia susceptibility in type 2 diabetic mice related to dysregulation of ventricular sympathetic innervation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1328-H1341. [PMID: 31625779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00249.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of developing life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Because the underlying mechanisms and potential influence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy are not well understood, we aimed to assess the relevance of a dysregulation in cardiac autonomic tone. Ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility was increased in Langendorff-perfused hearts isolated from mice with T2DM (db/db). Membrane properties and synaptic transmission were similar at cardiac postganglionic parasympathetic neurons from diabetic and control mice; however, a greater asynchronous neurotransmitter release was present at sympathetic postganglionic neurons from the stellate ganglia of db/db mice. Western blot analysis showed a reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) from the ventricles of db/db mice, which was confirmed with confocal imaging as a heterogeneous loss of TH-immunoreactivity from the left ventricular wall but not the apex. In vivo stimulation of cardiac parasympathetic (vagus) or cardiac sympathetic (stellate ganglion) nerves induced similar changes in heart rate in control and db/db mice, and the kinetics of pacing-induced Ca2+ transients (recorded from isolated cardiomyocytes) were similar in control and db/db cells. Antagonism of cardiac muscarinic receptors did not affect the frequency or severity of arrhythmias in db/db mice, but sympathetic blockade with propranolol completely inhibited arrhythmogenicity. Collectively, these findings suggest that the increased ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility of type 2 diabetic mouse hearts is due to dysregulation of the sympathetic ventricular control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have greater risk of suffering from sudden cardiac death. We found that the increased ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in type 2 diabetic mouse hearts is due to cardiac sympathetic dysfunction. Sympathetic dysregulation is indicated by an increased asynchronous release at stellate ganglia, a heterogeneous loss of tyrosine hydroxylase from the ventricular wall but not apex, and inhibition of ventricular arrhythmias in db/db mice after β-sympathetic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jungen
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haesung Jee
- University of California, Los Angeles Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pradeep Rajendran
- University of California, Los Angeles Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kirstie A De Jong
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- University of California, Los Angeles Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
| | - John D Tompkins
- University of California, Los Angeles Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Los Angeles, California
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, Moffatt TL, Wigle JT, Wigle TJ, Netticadan T, Premecz S, Jassal DS, O’Hara KA, Duhamel TA. Exercise-induced increases in the expression and activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 is attenuated in AMPKα2kinase-dead mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:786-795. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) function through unknown mechanisms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the positive effects of exercise on SERCA2a expression and function in the left ventricle is dependent on adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 function. AMPKα2kinase-dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress inactivated AMPKα2subunit, and wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice were randomized into sedentary groups or groups with access to running wheels. After 5 months, exercised KD mice exhibited shortened deceleration time compared with sedentary KD mice. In left ventricular tissue, the ratio of phosphorylated AMPKαThr172:total AMPKα was 65% lower (P < 0.05) in KD mice compared with WT mice. The left ventricle of KD mice had 37% lower levels of SERCA2a compared with WT mice. Although exercise increased SERCA2a protein levels in WT mice by 53%, this response of exercise was abolished in exercised KD mice. Exercise training reduced total phospholamban protein content by 23% in both the WT and KD mice but remained 20% higher overall in KD mice. Collectively, these data suggest that AMPKα influences SERCA2a and phospholamban protein content in the sedentary and exercised heart, and that exercise-induced changes in SERCA2a protein are dependent on AMPKα function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P. Morissette
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shanel E. Susser
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Andrew N. Stammers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2E 3N4, Canada
| | - Theodore J. Wigle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G7, Canada
| | - Sheena Premecz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Davinder S. Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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42
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Bowman PRT, Smith GL, Gould GW. GLUT4 expression and glucose transport in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217885. [PMID: 31344028 PMCID: PMC6657831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) have the potential to transform regenerative cardiac medicine and the modelling of cardiac disease. This is of particular importance in the context of diabetic cardiomyopathy where diabetic individuals exhibit reduced cardiac diastolic contractile performance in the absence of vascular disease, significantly contributing towards high cardiovascular morbidity. In this study, the capacity of iPSC-CM to act as a novel cellular model of cardiomyocytes was assessed. The diabetic phenotype is characterised by insulin resistance, therefore there was a specific focus upon metabolic parameters. Despite expressing crucial insulin signalling intermediates and relevant trafficking proteins, it was identified that iPSC-CM do not exhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. iPSC-CM are spontaneously contractile however contraction mediated uptake was not found to mask any insulin response. The fundamental limitation identified in these cells was a critical lack of expression of the insulin sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4. Using comparative immunoblot analysis and the GLUT-selective inhibitor BAY-876 to quantify expression of these transporters, we show that iPSC-CM express high levels of GLUT1 and low levels of GLUT4 compared to primary cardiomyocytes and cultured adipocytes. Interventions to overcome this limitation were unsuccessful. We suggest that the utility of iPSC-CMs to study cardiac metabolic disorders may be limited by their apparent foetal-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R T Bowman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Popescu I, Yin G, Velmurugan S, Erickson JR, Despa F, Despa S. Lower sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ threshold for triggering afterdepolarizations in diabetic rat hearts. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:765-772. [PMID: 30414461 PMCID: PMC6491240 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases arrhythmia risk through incompletely elucidated mechanisms. Ventricular arrhythmias could be initiated by delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) resulting from elevated spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release (SR Ca2+ leak). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the role of DADs and SR Ca2+ leak in triggering arrhythmias in T2D hearts. METHODS We compared rats with late-onset T2D that display pancreatic and cardiac phenotypes similar to those in humans with T2D (HIP rats) and their nondiabetic littermates (wild type [WT]). RESULTS HIP rats showed higher propensity for premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, whereas HIP myocytes displayed more frequent DADs and had lower SR Ca2+ content than WT. However, the threshold SR Ca2+ at which depolarizing transient inward currents (Itis) are generated was also significantly decreased in HIP myocytes and was below the actual SR Ca2+ load, which explains the increased DAD incidence despite reduced Ca2+ in SR. In agreement with these findings, Ca2+ spark frequency was augmented in myocytes from HIP vs WT rats, which suggests activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in HIP hearts. Indeed, RyR phosphorylation (by CaMKII and protein kinase A) and oxidation are enhanced in HIP hearts, whereas there is no RyR O-GlcNAcylation in either HIP or control hearts. CaMKII inhibition dissipated the difference in Ca2+ spark frequency between HIP and WT myocytes. CONCLUSION The threshold SR Ca2+ for generating depolarizing Itis is lower in T2D because of RyR activation after hyperphosphorylation and oxidation, which favors the occurrence of DADs despite low SR Ca2+ loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Popescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Guo Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sathya Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Colli DF, Blood SR, Sankarankutty AC, Sachse FB, Frisk M, Louch WE, Kekenes-Huskey PM. A Matched-Filter-Based Algorithm for Subcellular Classification of T-System in Cardiac Tissues. Biophys J 2019; 116:1386-1393. [PMID: 30979553 PMCID: PMC6486484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the surface membrane form the transverse tubular system (T-system), which consists of transverse tubules (TTs) that align with sarcomeres and Z-lines as well as longitudinal tubules (LTs) that are present between Z-lines in some species. In many cardiac disease etiologies, the T-system is perturbed, which is believed to promote spatially heterogeneous, dyssynchronous Ca2+ release and inefficient contraction. In general, T-system characterization approaches have been directed primarily at isolated cells and do not detect subcellular T-system heterogeneity. Here, we present MatchedMyo, a matched-filter-based algorithm for subcellular T-system characterization in isolated cardiomyocytes and millimeter-scale myocardial sections. The algorithm utilizes "filters" representative of TTs, LTs, and T-system absence. Application of the algorithm to cardiomyocytes isolated from rat disease models of myocardial infarction (MI), dilated cardiomyopathy induced via aortic banding, and sham surgery confirmed and quantified heterogeneous T-system structure and remodeling. Cardiomyocytes from post-MI hearts exhibited increasing T-system disarray as proximity to the infarct increased. We found significant (p < 0.05, Welch's t-test) increases in LT density within cardiomyocytes proximal to the infarct (12 ± 3%, data reported as mean ± SD, n = 3) versus sham (4 ± 2%, n = 5), but not distal to the infarct (7 ± 1%, n = 3). The algorithm also detected decreases in TTs within 5° of the myocyte minor axis for isolated aortic banding (36 ± 9%, n = 3) and MI cardiomyocytes located intermediate (37 ± 4%, n = 3) and proximal (34 ± 4%, n = 3) to the infarct versus sham (57 ± 12%, n = 5). Application of bootstrapping to rabbit MI tissue revealed distal sections comprised 18.9 ± 1.0% TTs, whereas proximal sections comprised 10.1 ± 0.8% TTs (p < 0.05), a 46.6% decrease. The matched-filter approach therefore provides a robust and scalable technique for T-system characterization from isolated cells through millimeter-scale myocardial sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan F Colli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - S Ryan Blood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Aparna C Sankarankutty
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute & Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute & Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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45
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ROCK2 promotes ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and arrhythmic calcium release in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Int J Cardiol 2019; 281:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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High Intensity Interval Training Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Left Ventricle of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:422-431. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Lipsett DB, Frisk M, Aronsen JM, Nordén ES, Buonarati OR, Cataliotti A, Hell JW, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Louch WE. Cardiomyocyte substructure reverts to an immature phenotype during heart failure. J Physiol 2019; 597:1833-1853. [PMID: 30707448 PMCID: PMC6441900 DOI: 10.1113/jp277273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points As reactivation of the fetal gene program has been implicated in pathological remodelling during heart failure (HF), we examined whether cardiomyocyte subcellular structure and function revert to an immature phenotype during this disease. Surface and internal membrane structures appeared gradually during development, and returned to a juvenile state during HF. Similarly, dyadic junctions between the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum were progressively ‘packed’ with L‐type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors during development, and ‘unpacked’ during HF. Despite similarities in subcellular structure, dyads were observed to be functional from early developmental stages, but exhibited an impaired ability to release Ca2+ in failing cardiomyocytes. Thus, while immature and failing cardiomyocytes share similarities in subcellular structure, these do not fully account for the marked impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis observed in HF.
Abstract Reactivation of the fetal gene programme has been implicated as a driver of pathological cardiac remodelling. Here we examined whether pathological remodelling of cardiomyocyte substructure and function during heart failure (HF) reflects a reversion to an immature phenotype. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed that Z‐grooves and t‐tubule openings at the cell surface appeared gradually during cardiac development, and disappeared during HF. Confocal and super‐resolution imaging within the cell interior revealed similar structural parallels; disorganization of t‐tubules in failing cells was strikingly reminiscent of the late stages of postnatal development, with fewer transverse elements and a high proportion of longitudinal tubules. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) were observed to be laid down in advance of developing t‐tubules and similarly ‘orphaned’ in HF, although RyR distribution along Z‐lines was relatively sparse. Indeed, nanoscale imaging revealed coordinated packing of L‐type Ca2+ channels and RyRs into dyadic junctions during development, and orderly unpacking during HF. These findings support a ‘last in, first out’ paradigm, as the latest stages of dyadic structural development are reversed during disease. Paired imaging of t‐tubules and Ca2+ showed that the disorganized arrangement of dyads in immature and failing cells promoted desynchronized and slowed Ca2+ release in these two states. However, while developing cells exhibited efficient triggering of Ca2+ release at newly formed dyads, dyadic function was impaired in failing cells despite similar organization of Ca2+ handling proteins. Thus, pathologically deficient Ca2+ homeostasis during HF is only partly linked to the re‐emergence of immature subcellular structure, and additionally reflects lost dyadic functionality. As reactivation of the fetal gene program has been implicated in pathological remodelling during heart failure (HF), we examined whether cardiomyocyte subcellular structure and function revert to an immature phenotype during this disease. Surface and internal membrane structures appeared gradually during development, and returned to a juvenile state during HF. Similarly, dyadic junctions between the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum were progressively ‘packed’ with L‐type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors during development, and ‘unpacked’ during HF. Despite similarities in subcellular structure, dyads were observed to be functional from early developmental stages, but exhibited an impaired ability to release Ca2+ in failing cardiomyocytes. Thus, while immature and failing cardiomyocytes share similarities in subcellular structure, these do not fully account for the marked impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis observed in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lipsett
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - E S Nordén
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - I Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - W E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hegyi B, Bers DM, Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:246-259. [PMID: 30633874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Diabetes is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, which may further enhance CaMKII. Activation of CaMKII occurs downstream of neurohormonal stimulation (e.g. via G-protein coupled receptors) and involve various posttranslational modifications including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. CaMKII signaling regulates diverse cellular processes in a spatiotemporal manner including excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling, mechanics and energetics in cardiac myocytes. Chronic activation of CaMKII results in cellular remodeling and ultimately arrhythmogenic alterations in Ca2+ handling, ion channels, cell-to-cell coupling and metabolism. This review addresses the detrimental effects of the upregulated CaMKII signaling to enhance the arrhythmogenic substrate and trigger mechanisms in the heart. We also briefly summarize preclinical studies using kinase inhibitors and genetically modified mice targeting CaMKII in diabetes. The mechanistic understanding of CaMKII signaling, cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets and ultimately better treatment in diabetes and heart disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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49
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Cai H, Chen S, Liu J, He Y. An attempt to reverse cardiac lipotoxicity by aerobic interval training in a high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:43. [PMID: 31249632 PMCID: PMC6567651 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic interval training (AIT) has been recommended to patients as a non-pharmacological strategy to manage DM. However, little is known about whether AIT intervention at the onset of DM will reverse the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we sought to evaluate whether AIT can reverse the process of DCM and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON), DCM group (DCM) and AIT intervention group (AIT). A high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce diabetes in rats in the DCM group and AIT group. Rats in the AIT group were subjected to an 8-week AIT intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles and insulin levels were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining were used to identify cardiac morphology and lipid accumulation, respectively. Serum BNP levels and cardiac BNP mRNA expression were measured to ensure the safety of the AIT intervention. Free fatty acid (FFA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) concentrations were analysed by enzymatic methods. AMPK, p-AMPK, FOXO1, CD36 and PPARα gene and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS AIT intervention significantly reduced rat serum cardiovascular disease risk factors in DCM rats (P < 0.05). The safety of AIT intervention was illustrated by reduced serum BNP levels and cardiac BNP mRNA expression (P < 0.05) after AIT intervention in DCM rats histological analysis and FFA and DAG concentrations revealed that AIT intervention reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets within cardiomyocytes and alleviated cardiac lipotoxicity (P < 0.05). CD36 and PPARα gene and protein expression were elevated in the DCM group, and these increases were reduced by AIT intervention (P < 0.01). The normalized myocardial lipotoxicity was due to increased expression of phosphorylated AMPK and reduced FOXO1 expression after AIT intervention. CONCLUSION AIT intervention may alleviate cardiac lipotoxicity and reverse the process of DCM through activation of the AMPK-FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cai
- Institute of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, NO. 1 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Yuxiu He
- Institute of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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50
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Kang Y, Wang S, Huang J, Cai L, Keller BB. Right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H113-H122. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important threat to health worldwide. While left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in DCM is well recognized, the accurate detection, diagnosis, and treatment of changes in right ventricular (RV) structure and function have not been well characterized. The pathophysiology of RV dysfunction in DCM may share features with LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, including pathways related to insulin resistance and oxidant injury, although the RV has a unique cellular origin and composition and unique biomechanical properties and is coupled to the lower-impedance pulmonary vascular bed. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms responsible for RV dysfunction in DCM and review the imaging approaches useful for early detection, protection, and intervention strategies. Additional data are required from animal models and clinical trials to better identify the onset and features of altered RV and pulmonary vascular structure and function during the onset and progression of DCM and to determine the efficacy of early detection and treatment of RV dysfunction on clinical symptoms and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, and Department of Anesthesiology, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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