1
|
Satsuka A, Ribeiro AJS, Kawagishi H, Yanagida S, Hirata N, Yoshinaga T, Kurokawa J, Sugiyama A, Strauss DG, Kanda Y. Contractility assessment using aligned human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 128:107530. [PMID: 38917571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac safety assessment, such as lethal arrhythmias and contractility dysfunction, is critical during drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been shown to be useful in predicting drug-induced proarrhythmic risk through international validation studies. Although cardiac contractility is another key function, fit-for-purpose hiPSC-CMs in evaluating drug-induced contractile dysfunction remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether alignment of hiPSC-CMs on nanopatterned culture plates can assess drug-induced contractile changes more efficiently than non-aligned monolayer culture. METHODS Aligned hiPSC-CMs were obtained by culturing on 96-well culture plates with a ridge-groove-ridge nanopattern on the bottom surface, while non-aligned hiPSC-CMs were cultured on regular 96-well plates. Next-generation sequencing and qPCR experiments were performed for gene expression analysis. Contractility of the hiPSC-CMs was assessed using an imaging-based motion analysis system. RESULTS When cultured on nanopatterned plates, hiPSC-CMs exhibited an aligned morphology and enhanced expression of genes encoding proteins that regulate contractility, including myosin heavy chain, calcium channel, and ryanodine receptor. Compared to cultures on regular plates, the aligned hiPSC-CMs also showed both enhanced contraction and relaxation velocity. In addition, the aligned hiPSC-CMs showed a more physiological response to positive and negative inotropic agents, such as isoproterenol and verapamil. DISCUSSION Taken together, the aligned hiPSC-CMs exhibited enhanced structural and functional properties, leading to an improved capacity for contractility assessment compared to the non-aligned cells. These findings suggest that the aligned hiPSC-CMs can be used to evaluate drug-induced cardiac contractile changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Satsuka
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshinaga
- Advanced Biosignal Safety Assessment, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang Y, Wu J, Sun X, Tan S, Li W, Yin S, Liu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Tan Q, Jiang Y, Yang W, Huang W, Weng C, Wu Q, Lu Y, Yuan H, Xiao Q, Chen AF, Xu Q, Billiar TR, Cai J. Cardiolipin oxidized by ROS from complex II acts as a target of gasdermin D to drive mitochondrial pore and heart dysfunction in endotoxemia. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114237. [PMID: 38753484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction, an early complication of endotoxemia, is the major cause of death in intensive care units. No specific therapy is available at present for this cardiac dysfunction. Here, we show that the N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) initiates mitochondrial apoptotic pore and cardiac dysfunction by directly interacting with cardiolipin oxidized by complex II-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during endotoxemia. Caspase-4/11 initiates GSDMD-N pores that are subsequently amplified by the upregulation and activation of NLRP3 inflammation through further generation of ROS. GSDMD-N pores form prior to BAX and VDAC1 apoptotic pores and further incorporate into BAX and VDAC1 oligomers within mitochondria membranes to exacerbate the apoptotic process. Our findings identify oxidized cardiolipin as the definitive target of GSDMD-N in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes during endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction (EIMD), and modulation of cardiolipin oxidation could be a therapeutic target early in the disease process to prevent EIMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shasha Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Siyu Yin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lun Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Youxiang Jiang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chunyan Weng
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Center for High-Performance Computing, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Alex F Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng P, Rashad A, Gangrade A, Barros NRD, Khademhosseini A, Tam J, Varadarajan P, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells in Myocardial Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:1-14. [PMID: 37294202 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in the significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to the ischemic injury following coronary occlusion leading to impaired contractility, fibrosis, and ultimately heart failure. Stem cell therapy emerged as a promising regenerative strategy to replenish the otherwise terminally differentiated CM to restore cardiac function. Multiple strategies have been applied to successfully differentiate diverse stem cell populations into CM-like phenotypes characterized by the expression status of signature biomarkers and observable spontaneous contractions. This article discusses the current understanding and applications of various stem cell phenotypes to drive the differentiation machinery toward CM-like lineage. Impact Statement Ischemic heart disease (IHD) extensively affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, current treatments for IHD are insufficient to restore cardiac effectiveness and functionality. A growing field in regenerative cardiology explores the potential for stem cell therapy following cardiovascular ischemic episodes. The thorough understanding regarding the potential and shortcomings of translational approaches to drive versatile stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage paves the way for multiple opportunities for next-generation cardiac management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cheng
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui M, Bezprozvannaya S, Hao T, Elnwasany A, Szweda LI, Liu N, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Transcription factor NFYa controls cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during mouse fetal heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2867-2880.e7. [PMID: 37972593 PMCID: PMC11000264 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are highly metabolic cells responsible for generating the contractile force in the heart. During fetal development and regeneration, these cells actively divide but lose their proliferative activity in adulthood. The mechanisms that coordinate their metabolism and proliferation are not fully understood. Here, we study the role of the transcription factor NFYa in developing mouse hearts. Loss of NFYa alters cardiomyocyte composition, causing a decrease in immature regenerative cells and an increase in trabecular and mature cardiomyocytes, as identified by spatial and single-cell transcriptome analyses. NFYa-deleted cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced proliferation and impaired mitochondrial metabolism, leading to cardiac growth defects and embryonic death. NFYa, interacting with cofactor SP2, activates genes linking metabolism and proliferation at the transcription level. Our study identifies a nodal role of NFYa in regulating prenatal cardiac growth and a previously unrecognized transcriptional control mechanism of heart metabolism, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism during heart development and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine and Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh BN, Yucel D, Garay BI, Tolkacheva EG, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR, van Berlo JH, Ogle BM. Proliferation and Maturation: Janus and the Art of Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Circ Res 2023; 132:519-540. [PMID: 36795845 PMCID: PMC9943541 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During cardiac development and morphogenesis, cardiac progenitor cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes that expand in number and size to generate the fully formed heart. Much is known about the factors that regulate initial differentiation of cardiomyocytes, and there is ongoing research to identify how these fetal and immature cardiomyocytes develop into fully functioning, mature cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that maturation limits proliferation and conversely proliferation occurs rarely in cardiomyocytes of the adult myocardium. We term this oppositional interplay the proliferation-maturation dichotomy. Here we review the factors that are involved in this interplay and discuss how a better understanding of the proliferation-maturation dichotomy could advance the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modeling in 3-dimensional engineered cardiac tissues to obtain truly adult-level function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhairab N. Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Dogacan Yucel
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Bayardo I. Garay
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA
| | - Elena G. Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Rita C. R. Perlingeiro
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Jop H. van Berlo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M. Ogle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang Y, Chen M, Wang X, Luo M, Wang K. Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1155052. [PMID: 37034258 PMCID: PMC10073467 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1155052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) has been a major challenge to further expand the scope of their application. Over the past years, several strategies have been proven to facilitate the structural and functional maturation of hSC-CMs, which include but are not limited to engineering the geometry or stiffness of substrates, providing favorable extracellular matrices, applying mechanical stretch, fluidic or electrical stimulation, co-culturing with niche cells, regulating biochemical cues such as hormones and transcription factors, engineering and redirecting metabolic patterns, developing 3D cardiac constructs such as cardiac organoid or engineered heart tissue, or culturing under in vivo implantation. In this review, we summarize these maturation strategies, especially the recent advancements, and discussed their advantages as well as the pressing problems that need to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Mingyao Luo
- Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Mingyao Luo, ; Xi Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chirico N, Kessler EL, Maas RGC, Fang J, Qin J, Dokter I, Daniels M, Šarić T, Neef K, Buikema JW, Lei Z, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A. Small molecule-mediated rapid maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:531. [PMID: 36575473 PMCID: PMC9795728 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) do not display all hallmarks of mature primary cardiomyocytes, especially the ability to use fatty acids (FA) as an energy source, containing high mitochondrial mass, presenting binucleation and increased DNA content per nuclei (polyploidism), and synchronized electrical conduction. This immaturity represents a bottleneck to their application in (1) disease modelling-as most cardiac (genetic) diseases have a middle-age onset-and (2) clinically relevant models, where integration and functional coupling are key. So far, several methods have been reported to enhance iPSC-CM maturation; however, these protocols are laborious, costly, and not easily scalable. Therefore, we developed a simple, low-cost, and rapid protocol to promote cardiomyocyte maturation using two small molecule activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPAR/PGC-1α) pathway: asiatic acid (AA) and GW501516 (GW). METHODS AND RESULTS: Monolayers of iPSC-CMs were incubated with AA or GW every other day for ten days resulting in increased expression of FA metabolism-related genes and markers for mitochondrial activity. AA-treated iPSC-CMs responsiveness to the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors increased and exhibited higher flexibility in substrate utilization. Additionally, structural maturity improved after treatment as demonstrated by an increase in mRNA expression of sarcomeric-related genes and higher nuclear polyploidy in AA-treated samples. Furthermore, treatment led to increased ion channel gene expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we developed a fast, easy, and economical method to induce iPSC-CMs maturation via PPAR/PGC-1α activation. Treatment with AA or GW led to increased metabolic, structural, functional, and electrophysiological maturation, evaluated using a multiparametric quality assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elise L. Kessler
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renée G. C. Maas
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juntao Fang
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiabin Qin
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Dokter
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomo Šarić
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Neef
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.491096.3Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Buikema
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.411737.7Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Fan W, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Li N, Li R, Wang G, He S, Li W, Liao D, Zhang Z, Shu N, Huang J, Zhao C, Hou S. SOX2-positive retinal stem cells are identified in adult human pars plicata by single-cell transcriptomic analyses. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 4:e198. [PMID: 36582303 PMCID: PMC9790047 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to rescue visual impairment caused by retinal degeneration. Previous studies have proposed controversial theories about whether in situ retinal stem cells (RSCs) are present in adult human eye tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools to reveal the heterogeneity of tissue cells. By using scRNA-seq, we explored the cell heterogeneity of different subregions of adult human eyes, including pars plicata, pars plana, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), iris, and neural retina (NR). We identified one subpopulation expressing SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) as RSCs, which were present in the pars plicata of the adult human eye. Further analysis showed the identified subpopulation of RSCs expressed specific markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12). We, therefore, isolated this subpopulation using these two markers by flow sorting and found that the isolated RSCs could proliferate and differentiate into some retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, neurons, RPE cells, microglia, astrocytes, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells; whereas, AQP1- TSPAN12- cells did not have this differentiation potential. In conclusion, our results showed that SOX2-positive RSCs are present in the pars plicata and may be valuable for treating human retinal diseases due to their proliferation and differentiation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zongren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Nan Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kampa RP, Sęk A, Bednarczyk P, Szewczyk A, Calderone V, Testai L. Flavonoids as new regulators of mitochondrial potassium channels: contribution to cardioprotection. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 75:466-481. [PMID: 36508341 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Acute myocardial ischemia is one of the major causes of illness in western society. Reduced coronary blood supply leads to cell death and loss of cardiomyocyte population, resulting in serious and often irreversible consequences on myocardial function. Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels have been identified as fine regulators of mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the whole cell, and in the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection. Interestingly, mitoK channels represent a novel putative target for treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, and their modulators represent an interesting tool for pharmacological intervention. In this review, we took up the challenge of selecting flavonoids that show cardioprotective properties through the activation of mitoK channels.
Key findings
A brief overview of the main information on mitoK channels and their participation in the induction of cytoprotective processes was provided. Then, naringenin, quercetin, morin, theaflavin, baicalein, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, puerarin, luteolin and proanthocyanidins demonstrated to be effective modulators of mitoK channels activity, mediating many beneficial effects.
Summary
The pathophysiological role of mitoK channels has been investigated as well as the impact of flavonoids on this target with particular attention to their potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał P Kampa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Aleksandra Sęk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jimenez-Vazquez EN, Jain A, Jones DK. Enhancing iPSC-CM Maturation Using a Matrigel-Coated Micropatterned PDMS Substrate. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e601. [PMID: 36383047 PMCID: PMC9710304 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult heart tissue have a rod-like shape with highly organized intracellular structures. Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs), on the other hand, exhibit disorganized structure and contractile mechanics, reflecting their pronounced immaturity. These characteristics hamper research using iPSC-CMs. The protocol described here enhances iPSC-CM maturity and function by controlling the cellular shape and environment of the cultured cells. Microstructured silicone membranes function as a cell culture substrate that promotes cellular alignment. iPSC-CMs cultured on micropatterned membranes display an in-vivo-like rod-shaped morphology. This physiological cellular morphology along with the soft biocompatible silicone substrate, which has similar stiffness to the native cardiac matrix, promotes maturation of contractile function, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Incorporating this technique for enhanced iPSC-CM maturation will help bridge the gap between animal models and clinical care, and ultimately improve personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Cardiomyocyte differentiation of iPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Purification of differentiated iPSC-CMs using MACS negative selection Basic Protocol 3: Micropatterning on PDMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhilasha Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - David K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim H, Kamm RD, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wu JC. Progress in multicellular human cardiac organoids for clinical applications. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:503-514. [PMID: 35395186 PMCID: PMC9352318 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in self-organizing cardiac organoids to recapitulate human cardiogenesis have provided a powerful tool for unveiling human cardiac development, studying cardiovascular diseases, testing drugs, and transplantation. Here, we highlight the recent remarkable progress on multicellular cardiac organoids and review the current status for their practical applications. We then introduce key readouts and tools for assessing cardiac organoids for clinical applications, address major challenges, and provide suggestions for each assessment method. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of cardiac organoids as miniature models of the human heart and suggest a direction for moving forward toward building the mini-heart from cardiac organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyu Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitochondrial homeostasis regulates definitive endoderm differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:69. [PMID: 35177589 PMCID: PMC8854419 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular organelles play fundamental roles in almost all cell behaviors. Mitochondria have been reported to be functionally linked to various biological processes, including reprogramming and pluripotency maintenance. However, very little about the role of mitochondria has been revealed in human early development and lineage specification. Here, we reported the characteristics and function of mitochondria during human definitive endoderm differentiation. Using a well-established differentiation system, we first investigated the change of mitochondrial morphology by comparing undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, the intermediate mesendoderm cells, and differentiated endoderm cells, and found that mitochondria were gradually elongated and matured along differentiation. We further analyzed the expression pattern of mitochondria-related genes by RNA-seq, indicating that mitochondria became active during differentiation. Supporting this notion, the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased as well. Functionally, we utilized chemicals and genome editing techniques, which could interfere with mitochondrial homeostasis, to determine the role of mitochondria in human endoderm differentiation. Treatment with mitochondrial inhibitors, or genetic depletion of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), significantly reduced the differentiation efficiency of definitive endoderm. In addition, the defect in endoderm differentiation due to dysfunctional mitochondria could be restored to some extent by the addition of ATP. Moreover, the clearance of excessive ROS due to dysfunctional mitochondria by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved the differentiation as well. We further found that ATP and NAC could partially replace the growth factor activin A for definitive endoderm differentiation. Our study illustrates the essential role of mitochondria during human endoderm differentiation through providing ATP and regulating ROS levels, which may provide new insight for metabolic regulation of cell fate determination.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pezhouman A, Nguyen NB, Sercel AJ, Nguyen TL, Daraei A, Sabri S, Chapski DJ, Zheng M, Patananan AN, Ernst J, Plath K, Vondriska TM, Teitell MA, Ardehali R. Transcriptional, Electrophysiological, and Metabolic Characterizations of hESC-Derived First and Second Heart Fields Demonstrate a Potential Role of TBX5 in Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:787684. [PMID: 34988079 PMCID: PMC8722677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) can be used as a source for cell delivery to remuscularize the heart after myocardial infarction. Despite their therapeutic potential, the emergence of ventricular arrhythmias has limited their application. We previously developed a double reporter hESC line to isolate first heart field (FHF: TBX5+NKX2-5+) and second heart field (SHF: TBX5-NKX2-5+) CMs. Herein, we explore the role of TBX5 and its effects on underlying gene regulatory networks driving phenotypical and functional differences between these two populations. Methods: We used a combination of tools and techniques for rapid and unsupervised profiling of FHF and SHF populations at the transcriptional, translational, and functional level including single cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing, atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy, respirometry, and electrophysiology. Results: Gene ontology analysis revealed three biological processes attributed to TBX5 expression: sarcomeric structure, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium ion handling. Interestingly, migratory pathways were enriched in SHF population. SHF-like CMs display less sarcomeric organization compared to FHF-like CMs, despite prolonged in vitro culture. Atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy showed increased cellular stiffness and decreased mass distribution over time in FHF compared to SHF populations, respectively. Electrophysiological studies showed longer plateau in action potentials recorded from FHF-like CMs, consistent with their increased expression of calcium handling genes. Interestingly, both populations showed nearly identical respiratory profiles with the only significant functional difference being higher ATP generation-linked oxygen consumption rate in FHF-like CMs. Our findings suggest that FHF-like CMs display more mature features given their enhanced sarcomeric alignment, calcium handling, and decreased migratory characteristics. Finally, pseudotime analyses revealed a closer association of the FHF population to human fetal CMs along the developmental trajectory. Conclusion: Our studies reveal that distinguishing FHF and SHF populations based on TBX5 expression leads to a significant impact on their downstream functional properties. FHF CMs display more mature characteristics such as enhanced sarcomeric organization and improved calcium handling, with closer positioning along the differentiation trajectory to human fetal hearts. These data suggest that the FHF CMs may be a more suitable candidate for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngoc B. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Sercel
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thang L. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ali Daraei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Sabri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melton Zheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander N. Patananan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Ernst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Ardehali,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
PGC-1α promotes mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis during the differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes. Genes Dis 2021; 8:891-906. [PMID: 34522716 PMCID: PMC8427271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are readily available, robustly reproducible, and physiologically appropriate human cells for clinical applications and research in the cardiovascular field, hiPSC-CMs cultured in vitro retain an immature metabolic phenotype that limits their application, and little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism controlling mitochondrial metabolic maturation during human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs ) differentiation into cardiomyocytes. In this study, we found that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) played an important role in inducing mitochondrial biogenesis and establishing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during the cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs. Knocking down PGC-1α by siRNA impaired mitochondrial respiration, while upregulating PGC-1α by ZLN005 promoted mitochondrial biosynthesis and function by regulating the expression of downstream genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative metabolism in hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, we found that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was required for the induction of PGC-1α stimulatory effects in hiPSC-CMs. These findings provide key insights into the molecular control of mitochondrial metabolism during cardiac differentiation and may be used to generate more metabolically mature cardiomyocytes for application.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuwar R, Rolfe A, Di L, Blevins H, Xu Y, Sun X, Bloom GS, Zhang S, Sun D. A Novel Inhibitor Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Reduces Neuropathology and Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1769-1783. [PMID: 34219728 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the most common type of dementia. A growing body of evidence has implicated neuroinflammation as an essential player in the etiology of AD. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes and essential components of innate immunity in response to pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns. Among the known inflammasomes, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE We recently developed a novel class of small molecule inhibitors that selectively target the NLRP3 inflammasome. One of the lead compounds, JC124, has shown therapeutic efficacy in a transgenic animal model of AD. In this study we tested the preventative efficacy of JC124 in another strain of transgenic AD mice. METHODS In this study, 5-month-old female APP/PS1 and matched wild type mice were treated orally with JC124 for 3 months. After completion of treatment, cognitive functions and AD pathologies, as well as protein expression levels of synaptic proteins, were assessed. RESULTS We found that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with JC124 significantly decreased multiple AD pathologies in APP/PS1 mice, including amyloid-β (Aβ) load, neuroinflammation, and neuronal cell cycle re-entry, accompanied by preserved synaptic plasticity with higher expression of pre- and post-synaptic proteins, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved cognitive functions. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AD pathological development, and pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with small molecule inhibitors represents a potential therapy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kuwar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Rolfe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Long Di
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hallie Blevins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xuehan Sun
- Departments of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George S Bloom
- Departments of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng Y, Huang W, Paul C, Liu X, Sadayappan S, Wang Y, Pauklin S. Mitochondrial nucleoid in cardiac homeostasis: bidirectional signaling of mitochondria and nucleus in cardiac diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:49. [PMID: 34392401 PMCID: PMC8364536 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic function and energy production in eukaryotic cells are regulated by mitochondria, which have been recognized as the intracellular 'powerhouses' of eukaryotic cells for their regulation of cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial function is important not only in normal developmental and physiological processes, but also in a variety of human pathologies, including cardiac diseases. An emerging topic in the field of cardiovascular medicine is the implication of mitochondrial nucleoid for metabolic reprogramming. This review describes the linear/3D architecture of the mitochondrial nucleoid (e.g., highly organized protein-DNA structure of nucleoid) and how it is regulated by a variety of factors, such as noncoding RNA and its associated R-loop, for metabolic reprogramming in cardiac diseases. In addition, we highlight many of the presently unsolved questions regarding cardiac metabolism in terms of bidirectional signaling of mitochondrial nucleoid and 3D chromatin structure in the nucleus. In particular, we explore novel techniques to dissect the 3D structure of mitochondrial nucleoid and propose new insights into the mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and how it regulates the nuclear (3D) chromatin structures in mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Feng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakano H, Fajardo VM, Nakano A. The role of glucose in physiological and pathological heart formation. Dev Biol 2021; 475:222-233. [PMID: 33577830 PMCID: PMC8107118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells display distinct metabolic characteristics depending on its differentiation stage. The fuel type of the cells serves not only as a source of energy but also as a driver of differentiation. Glucose, the primary nutrient to the cells, is a critical regulator of rapidly growing embryos. This metabolic change is a consequence as well as a cause of changes in genetic program. Disturbance of fetal glucose metabolism such as in diabetic pregnancy is associated with congenital heart disease. In utero hyperglycemia impacts the left-right axis establishment, migration of cardiac neural crest cells, conotruncal formation and mesenchymal formation of the cardiac cushion during early embryogenesis and causes cardiac hypertrophy in late fetal stages. In this review, we focus on the role of glucose in cardiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases associated with hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Feyen DAM, McKeithan WL, Bruyneel AAN, Spiering S, Hörmann L, Ulmer B, Zhang H, Briganti F, Schweizer M, Hegyi B, Liao Z, Pölönen RP, Ginsburg KS, Lam CK, Serrano R, Wahlquist C, Kreymerman A, Vu M, Amatya PL, Behrens CS, Ranjbarvaziri S, Maas RGC, Greenhaw M, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Bers DM, Eschenhagen T, Metallo CM, Mercola M. Metabolic Maturation Media Improve Physiological Function of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107925. [PMID: 32697997 PMCID: PMC7437654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have enormous potential for the study of human cardiac disorders. However, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as a model system and their adoption for drug discovery. Here, we describe maturation media designed to provide oxidative substrates adapted to the metabolic needs of human iPSC (hiPSC)-CMs. Compared with conventionally cultured hiPSC-CMs, metabolically matured hiPSC-CMs contract with greater force and show an increased reliance on cardiac sodium (Na+) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+) cycling. The media enhance the function, long-term survival, and sarcomere structures in engineered heart tissues. Use of the maturation media made it possible to reliably model two genetic cardiac diseases: long QT syndrome type 3 due to a mutation in the cardiac Na+ channel SCN5A and dilated cardiomyopathy due to a mutation in the RNA splicing factor RBM20. The maturation media should increase the fidelity of hiPSC-CMs as disease models. Physiological immaturity of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes limits their fidelity as disease models. Feyen et al. developed a low glucose, high oxidative substrate media that increase maturation of ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs in 2D and 3D cultures relative to standard protocols. Improved characteristics include a low resting Vm, rapid depolarization, and increased Ca2+ dependence and force generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries A M Feyen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arne A N Bruyneel
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Hörmann
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Briganti
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhandi Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth S Ginsburg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Wahlquist
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Vu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prashila L Amatya
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charlotta S Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Greenhaw
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Büeler H. Mitochondrial and Autophagic Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073342. [PMID: 33805219 PMCID: PMC8036818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a highly regulated process during which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in two discrete regions of the adult brain: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Defects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been linked to cognitive decline and dysfunction during natural aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as psychological stress-induced mood disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways that regulate adult neurogenesis is crucial to improving preventative measures and therapies for these conditions. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondria directly regulate various steps and phases of adult neurogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings on how mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and reactive oxygen species control several aspects of adult neural stem cell function and their differentiation to newborn neurons. It also discusses the importance of autophagy for adult neurogenesis, and how mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction may contribute to cognitive defects and stress-induced mood disorders by compromising adult neurogenesis. Finally, I suggest possible ways to target mitochondrial function as a strategy for stem cell-based interventions and treatments for cognitive and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Büeler
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang X, Ye L, Xu H, Zhou Q, Tan B, Yi Q, Yan L, Xie M, Zhang Y, Tian J, Zhu J. NRF2 is required for structural and metabolic maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:208. [PMID: 33762018 PMCID: PMC7992990 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine and in drugs screening. Despite displaying key cardiomyocyte phenotypic characteristics, they more closely resemble fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes and are still immature; these cells mainly rely on glucose as a substrate for metabolic energy, while mature cardiomyocytes mainly employ oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids. Studies showed that the alteration of metabolism pattern from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation improve the maturity of hiPSC-CMs. As a transcription factor, accumulating evidences showed the important role of NRF2 in the regulation of energy metabolism, which directly regulates the expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Therefore, we hypothesized that NRF2 is involved in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Methods The morphological and functional changes related to mitochondria and cell maturation were analyzed by knock-down and activation of NRF2. Results The results showed that the inhibition of NRF2 led to the retardation of cell maturation. The activation of NRF2 leads to a more mature hiPSC-CMs phenotype, as indicated by the increase of cardiac maturation markers, sarcomere length, calcium transient dynamics, the number and fusion events of mitochondria, and mitochondrial respiration. Bioinformatics analysis showed that in addition to metabolism-related genes, NRF2 also activates the expression of myocardial ion channels. Conclusions These findings indicated that NRF2 plays an important role in the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. The present work provides greater insights into the molecular regulation of hiPSC-CMs metabolism and theoretical basis in drug screening, disease modeling, and alternative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Box 136, No. 3 Zhongshan RD, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Odenwelder DC, Lu X, Harcum SW. Induced pluripotent stem cells can utilize lactate as a metabolic substrate to support proliferation. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3090. [PMID: 33029909 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold the promise to improve cell-based therapies. Yet, to meet rising demands and become clinically impactful, sufficient high-quality iPSCs in quantity must be generated, a task that exceeds current capabilities. In this study, K3 iPSCs cultures were examined using parallel-labeling metabolic flux analysis (13 C-MFA) to quantify intracellular fluxes at relevant bioprocessing stages: glucose concentrations representative of initial media concentrations and high lactate concentrations representative of fed-batch culture conditions, prior to and after bolus glucose feeds. The glucose and lactate concentrations are also representative of concentrations that might be encountered at different locations within 3D cell aggregates. Furthermore, a novel method was developed to allow the isotopic tracer [U-13 C3 ] lactate to be used in the 13 C-MFA model. The results indicated that high extracellular lactate concentrations decreased glucose consumption and lactate production, while glucose concentrations alone did not affect rates of aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, for the high lactate cultures, lactate was used as a metabolic substrate to support oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. These results demonstrate that iPSCs have metabolic flexibility and possess the capacity to metabolize lactate to support exponential growth, and that high lactate concentrations alone do not adversely impact iPSC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Odenwelder
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah W Harcum
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gambini E, Martinelli I, Stadiotti I, Vinci MC, Scopece A, Eramo L, Sommariva E, Resta J, Benaouadi S, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Parini A, Pompilio G, Savagner F. Differences in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identify Distinct Populations of Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207467. [PMID: 33050449 PMCID: PMC7590175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCmPC) are multipotent resident populations involved in cardiac homeostasis and heart repair. Even if the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, the stem cell differentiation is guided by the mitochondrial metabolism; however, mitochondrial approaches to identify hCmPC with enhanced stemness and/or differentiation capability for cellular therapy are not established. Here we demonstrated that hCmPCs sorted for low and high mitochondrial membrane potential (using a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM), presented differences in energy metabolism from preferential glycolysis to oxidative rates. TMRM-high cells are highly efficient in terms of oxygen consumption rate, basal and maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity compared to TMRM-low cells. TMRM-high cells showed characteristics of pre-committed cells and were associated with higher in vitro differentiation capacity through endothelial, cardiac-like, and, to a lesser extent, adipogenic and chondro/osteogenic cell lineage, when compared with TMRM-low cells. Conversely, TMRM-low showed higher self-renewal potential. To conclude, we identified two hCmPC populations with different metabolic profile, stemness maturity, and differentiation potential. Our findings suggest that metabolic sorting can isolate cells with higher regenerative capacity and/or long-term survival. This metabolism-based strategy to select cells may be broadly applicable to therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Luana Eramo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Jessica Resta
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Sabrina Benaouadi
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Cogliati
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Savagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paik DT, Chandy M, Wu JC. Patient and Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Discovery of Personalized Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:320-342. [PMID: 31871214 PMCID: PMC6934989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. iPSCs allow for the production of limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. Despite significant advances, drug therapy and discovery for cardiovascular disease have lagged behind other fields such as oncology. We speculate that this paucity of drug discovery is due to a previous lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Notably, existing drug discovery and testing platforms rely on animal studies and clinical trials, but investigations in animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Moreover, clinical trials are inherently flawed by assuming that all individuals with a disease will respond identically to a therapy, ignoring the genetic and epigenomic variations that define our individuality. With ever-improving differentiation and phenotyping methods, patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiovascular cells allow unprecedented opportunities to discover new drug targets and screen compounds for cardiovascular disease. Imbued with the genetic information of an individual, iPSCs will vastly improve our ability to test drugs efficiently, as well as tailor and titrate drug therapy for each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Optimizing the Use of iPSC-CMs for Cardiac Regeneration in Animal Models. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091561. [PMID: 32887495 PMCID: PMC7552322 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2006, the first induced pluripotent stem cells were generated by reprogramming skin cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells undergo fast cell division, can differentiate into many different cell types, can be patient-specific, and do not raise ethical issues. Thus, they offer great promise as in vitro disease models, drug toxicity testing platforms, and for autologous tissue regeneration. Heart failure is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It occurs when the heart cannot meet the body’s metabolic demands. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cardiac myocytes, can form patches resembling native cardiac tissue, and can engraft to the damaged heart. However, despite correct host/graft coupling, most animal studies demonstrate an arrhythmogenicity of the engrafted tissue and variable survival. This is partially because of the heterogeneity and immaturity of the cells. New evidence suggests that by modulating induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CM) metabolism by switching substrates and changing metabolic pathways, you can decrease iPSC-CM heterogeneity and arrhythmogenicity. Novel culture methods and tissue engineering along with animal models of heart failure are needed to fully unlock the potential of cardiac myocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac regeneration. Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a common disease in which the heart cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body. It mostly occurs in individuals 65 years or older. Cardiac transplantation is the best option for patients with advanced HF. High numbers of patient-specific cardiac myocytes (CMs) can be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and can possibly be used to treat HF. While some studies found iPSC-CMS can couple efficiently to the damaged heart and restore cardiac contractility, almost all found iPSC-CM transplantation is arrhythmogenic, thus hampering the use of iPSC-CMs for cardiac regeneration. Studies show that iPSC-CM cultures are highly heterogeneous containing atrial-, ventricular- and nodal-like CMs. Furthermore, they have an immature phenotype, resembling more fetal than adult CMs. There is an urgent need to overcome these issues. To this end, a novel and interesting avenue to increase CM maturation consists of modulating their metabolism. Combined with careful engineering and animal models of HF, iPSC-CMs can be assessed for their potential for cardiac regeneration and a cure for HF.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao Z, Liu H, Zhao B, Pang Q, Zhang X. Extreme Environmental Stress-Induced Biological Responses in the Planarian. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7164230. [PMID: 32596359 PMCID: PMC7305541 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7164230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Planarians are bilaterally symmetric metazoans of the phylum Platyhelminthes. They have well-defined anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes and have a highly structured true brain which consists of all neural cell types and neuropeptides found in a vertebrate. Planarian flatworms are famous for their strong regenerative ability; they can easily regenerate any part of the body including the complete neoformation of a functional brain within a few days and can survive a series of extreme environmental stress. Nowadays, they are an emerging model system in the field of developmental, regenerative, and stem cell biology and have offered lots of helpful information for these realms. In this review, we will summarize the response of planarians to some typical environmental stress and hope to shed light on basic mechanisms of how organisms interact with extreme environmental stress and survive it, such as altered gravity, temperature, and oxygen, and this information will help researchers improve the design in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo 255049, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee HY, Hong IS. Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:531-546. [PMID: 32394844 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200512105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cardiac regeneration as an environmental adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
29
|
Ulmer BM, Eschenhagen T. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studying energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118471. [PMID: 30954570 PMCID: PMC7042711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism is altered in heart failure, and primary defects of metabolic pathways can cause heart failure. Studying cardiac energetics in rodent models has principal shortcomings, raising the question to which extent human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can provide an alternative. As metabolic maturation of CM occurs mostly after birth during developmental hypertrophy, the immaturity of hiPSC-CM is an important limitation. Here we shortly review the physiological drivers of metabolic maturation and concentrate on methods to mature hiPSC-CM with the goal to benchmark the metabolic state of hiPSC-CM against in vivo data and to see how far known abnormalities in inherited metabolic disorders can be modeled in hiPSC-CM. The current data indicate that hiPSC-CM, despite their immature, approximately mid-fetal state of energy metabolism, faithfully recapitulate some basic metabolic disease mechanisms. Efforts to improve their metabolic maturity are underway and shall improve the validity of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel M Ulmer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hamad S, Derichsweiler D, Papadopoulos S, Nguemo F, Šarić T, Sachinidis A, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Boukens BJ, Pfannkuche K. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in 2D monolayer and scalable 3D suspension bioreactor cultures with reduced batch-to-batch variations. Theranostics 2019; 9:7222-7238. [PMID: 31695764 PMCID: PMC6831300 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are promising candidates to treat myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. Such treatments require pure cardiomyocytes (CMs) in large quantities. Methods: In the present study we describe an improved protocol for production of hiPSC-CMs in which hiPSCs are first converted into mesodermal cells by stimulation of wingless (Wnt) signaling using CHIR99021, which are then further differentiated into CM progenitors by simultaneous inhibition of porcupine and tankyrase pathways using IWP2 and XAV939 under continuous supplementation of ascorbate during the entire differentiation procedure. Results: The protocol resulted in reproducible generation of >90% cardiac troponin T (TNNT2)-positive cells containing highly organized sarcomeres. In 2D monolayer cultures CM yields amounted to 0.5 million cells per cm2 growth area, and on average 72 million cells per 100 mL bioreactor suspension culture without continuous perfusion. The differentiation efficiency was hardly affected by the initial seeding density of undifferentiated hiPSCs. Furthermore, batch-to-batch variations were reduced by combinatorial use of ascorbate, IWP2, and XAV939. Conclusion: Combined inhibition of porcupine and tankyrase sub-pathways of Wnt signaling and continuous ascorbate supplementation, enable robust and efficient production of hiPSC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarkawt Hamad
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan region-Iraq
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinics of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt Pfannkuche
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Clinics of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pöhö P, Lipponen K, Bespalov MM, Sikanen T, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R. Comparison of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct infusion microchip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in global metabolomics of cell samples. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:104991. [PMID: 31404622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of direct infusion electrospray ionization microchip mass spectrometry (chip-MS) was compared to the commonly used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in non-targeted metabolomics analysis of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) reprogrammed from HFF. The total number of the detected features with chip-MS and LC-MS were 619 and 1959, respectively. Approximately 25% of detected features showed statistically significant changes between the cell lines with both analytical methods. The results show that chip-MS is a rapid and simple method that allows high sample throughput from small sample volumes and can detect the main metabolites and classify cells based on their metabolic profiles. However, the selectivity of chip-MS is limited compared to LC-MS and chip-MS may suffer from ion suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Pöhö
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Lipponen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim M Bespalov
- Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Sikanen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Kotiaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kostiainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Basu M, Garg V. Maternal hyperglycemia and fetal cardiac development: Clinical impact and underlying mechanisms. Birth Defects Res 2019; 110:1504-1516. [PMID: 30576094 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and is both a significant pediatric and adult health problem, in light of a growing population of survivors. The etiology of CHD has been considered to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors playing important roles. The combination of advances in cardiac developmental biology, which have resulted in the elucidation of molecular pathways regulating normal cardiac morphogenesis, and genome sequencing technology have allowed the discovery of numerous genetic contributors of CHD ranging from chromosomal abnormalities to single gene variants. Conversely, mechanistic details of the contribution of environmental factors to CHD remain unknown. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is a well-established and increasingly prevalent environmental risk factor for CHD, but the underlying etiologic mechanisms by which pregestational matDM increases the vulnerability of embryos to cardiac malformations remains largely elusive. Here, we will briefly discuss the multifactorial etiology of CHD with a focus on the epidemiologic link between matDM and CHD. We will describe the animal models used to study the underlying mechanisms between matDM and CHD and review the numerous cellular and molecular pathways affected by maternal hyperglycemia in the developing heart. Last, we discuss how this increased understanding may open the door for the development of novel prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of CHD in this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao Q, Sun Q, Zhou L, Liu K, Jiao K. Complex Regulation of Mitochondrial Function During Cardiac Development. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012731. [PMID: 31215339 PMCID: PMC6662350 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goodarzi P, Alavi-Moghadam S, Payab M, Larijani B, Rahim F, Gilany K, Bana N, Tayanloo-Beik A, Foroughi Heravani N, Hadavandkhani M, Arjmand B. Metabolomics Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 8:30-40. [PMID: 32351907 PMCID: PMC7175611 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various mesenchymal stem cells as easily accessible and multipotent cells can share different essential signaling pathways related to their stemness ability. Understanding the mechanism of stemness ability can be useful for controlling the stem cells for regenerative medicine targets. In this context, OMICs studies can analyze the mechanism of different stem cell properties or stemness ability via a broad range of current high-throughput techniques. This field is fundamentally directed toward the analysis of whole genome (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in biological samples. According to several studies, metabolomics is more effective than other OMICs ّfor various system biology concerns. Metabolomics can elucidate the biological mechanisms of various mesenchymal stem cell function by measuring their metabolites such as their secretome components. Analyzing the metabolic alteration of mesenchymal stem cells can be useful to promote their regenerative medicine application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikoo Bana
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rastogi A, Joshi P, Contreras E, Gama V. Remodeling of mitochondrial morphology and function: an emerging hallmark of cellular reprogramming. Cell Stress 2019; 3:181-194. [PMID: 31225513 PMCID: PMC6558935 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the stem cell field has traditionally focused on understanding key transcriptional factors that provide pluripotent cell identity. However, much less is known about other critical non-transcriptional signaling networks that govern stem cell identity. Although we continue to gain critical insights into the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial morphology and function during cellular reprogramming – the process of reverting the fate of a differentiated cell into a stem cell, many uncertainties remain. Recent studies suggest an emerging landscape in which mitochondrial morphology and function have an active role in maintaining and regulating changes in cell identity. In this review, we will focus on these emerging concepts as crucial modulators of cellular reprogramming. Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increase our understanding of the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in cell identity, cell fate and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Ela Contreras
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Doss MX, Sachinidis A. Current Challenges of iPSC-Based Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050403. [PMID: 31052294 PMCID: PMC6562607 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modelling and the cell replacement therapy approach have proven to be very powerful and instrumental in biomedical research and personalized regenerative medicine as evidenced in the past decade by unraveling novel pathological mechanisms of a multitude of monogenic diseases at the cellular level and the ongoing and emerging clinical trials with iPSC-derived cell products. iPSC-based disease modelling has sparked widespread enthusiasm and has presented an unprecedented opportunity in high throughput drug discovery platforms and safety pharmacology in association with three-dimensional multicellular organoids such as personalized organs-on-chips, gene/base editing, artificial intelligence and high throughput "omics" methodologies. This critical review summarizes the progress made in the past decade with the advent of iPSC discovery in biomedical applications and regenerative medicine with case examples and the current major challenges that need to be addressed to unleash the full potential of iPSCs in clinical settings and pharmacology for more effective and safer regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xavier Doss
- Technology Development Division, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chowdhury MA, Sholl HK, Sharrett MS, Haller ST, Cooper CC, Gupta R, Liu LC. Exercise and Cardioprotection: A Natural Defense Against Lethal Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Potential Guide to Cardiovascular Prophylaxis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:18-30. [PMID: 30041547 PMCID: PMC7236859 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418788575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Similar to ischemic preconditioning, high-intensity exercise has been shown to decrease infarct size following myocardial infarction. In this article, we review the literature on beneficial effects of exercise, exercise requirements for cardioprotection, common methods utilized in laboratories to study this phenomenon, and discuss possible mechanisms for exercise-mediated cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Haden K Sholl
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Megan S Sharrett
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Cooper
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lijun C Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Streckfuss-Bömeke K. Clinical nuclear medicine tracers: Easy metabolic assays in stem cell research and cardiac disease? Int J Cardiol 2018; 269:272-273. [PMID: 30060969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Relevance of the incubation period in cytotoxicity testing with primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3505-3515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
40
|
Hoque A, Sivakumaran P, Bond ST, Ling NXY, Kong AM, Scott JW, Bandara N, Hernández D, Liu GS, Wong RCB, Ryan MT, Hausenloy DJ, Kemp BE, Oakhill JS, Drew BG, Pébay A, Lim SY. Mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 inhibition promotes cardiac mesodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531836 PMCID: PMC5841367 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool for studying the cardiac developmental process in vitro, and cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs are a putative cell source for personalized medicine. Changes in mitochondrial morphology have been shown to occur during cellular reprogramming and pluripotent stem cell differentiation. However, the relationships between mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac mesoderm commitment of iPSCs remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that changes in mitochondrial morphology from a small granular fragmented phenotype in pluripotent stem cells to a filamentous reticular elongated network in differentiated cardiomyocytes are required for cardiac mesodermal differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, by either small interfering RNA or Mdivi-1, respectively, increased cardiac mesoderm gene expression in iPSCs. Treatment of iPSCs with Mdivi-1 during embryoid body formation significantly increased the percentage of beating embryoid bodies and expression of cardiac-specific genes. Furthermore, Drp1 gene silencing was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration and decreased aerobic glycolysis. Our findings demonstrate that shifting the balance of mitochondrial morphology toward fusion by inhibition of Drp1 promoted cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs with a metabolic shift from glycolysis towards oxidative phosphorylation. These findings suggest that Drp1 may represent a new molecular target for future development of strategies to promote the differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiac lineages for patient-specific cardiac regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaqul Hoque
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | | | - Simon T Bond
- Molecular Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Naomi X Y Ling
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Anne M Kong
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - John W Scott
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Nadeeka Bandara
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia.,3School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Damián Hernández
- 4Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,5Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- 4Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,5Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,6Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000 Australia
| | - Raymond C B Wong
- 4Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,5Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael T Ryan
- 8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- 9Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX UK.,10The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,11Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,12Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,13National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,14Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia.,15Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia.,15Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Molecular Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- 4Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia.,5Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- 1St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia.,5Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Osuma EA, Riggs DW, Gibb AA, Hill BG. High throughput measurement of metabolism in planarians reveals activation of glycolysis during regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:78-86. [PMID: 29721328 PMCID: PMC5911454 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Planarians are outstanding models for studying mechanisms of regeneration; however, there are few methods to measure changes in their metabolism. Examining metabolism in planarians is important because the regenerative process is dependent on numerous integrated metabolic pathways, which provide the energy required for tissue repair as well as the ability to synthesize the cellular building blocks needed to form new tissue. Therefore, we standardized an extracellular flux analysis method to measure mitochondrial and glycolytic activity in live planarians during normal growth as well as during regeneration. Small, uninjured planarians showed higher rates of oxygen consumption compared with large planarians, with no difference in glycolytic activity; however, glycolysis increased during planarian regeneration. Exposure of planarians to koningic acid, a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, completely abolished extracellular acidification with little effect on oxygen consumption, which suggests that the majority of glucose catabolized in planarians is fated for aerobic glycolysis. These studies describe a useful method for measuring respiration and glycolysis in planarians and provide data implicating changes in glucose metabolism in the regenerative response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edie A Osuma
- Wesleyan College Macon GA USA.,Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY USA.,Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY USA.,Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nakano H, Minami I, Braas D, Pappoe H, Wu X, Sagadevan A, Vergnes L, Fu K, Morselli M, Dunham C, Ding X, Stieg AZ, Gimzewski JK, Pellegrini M, Clark PM, Reue K, Lusis AJ, Ribalet B, Kurdistani SK, Christofk H, Nakatsuji N, Nakano A. Glucose inhibits cardiac muscle maturation through nucleotide biosynthesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29231167 PMCID: PMC5726851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart switches its energy substrate from glucose to fatty acids at birth, and maternal hyperglycemia is associated with congenital heart disease. However, little is known about how blood glucose impacts heart formation. Using a chemically defined human pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation system, we found that high glucose inhibits the maturation of cardiomyocytes at genetic, structural, metabolic, electrophysiological, and biomechanical levels by promoting nucleotide biosynthesis through the pentose phosphate pathway. Blood glucose level in embryos is stable in utero during normal pregnancy, but glucose uptake by fetal cardiac tissue is drastically reduced in late gestational stages. In a murine model of diabetic pregnancy, fetal hearts showed cardiomyopathy with increased mitotic activity and decreased maturity. These data suggest that high glucose suppresses cardiac maturation, providing a possible mechanistic basis for congenital heart disease in diabetic pregnancy. Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect, affecting nearly 1 in 100 children born. It can involve a weak heart, narrowed arteries, narrowed heart valves, or the main arteries of the heart switching places. These conditions can be fatal if untreated and often need surgery to correct. The mother’s blood sugar levels during pregnancy can have a large effect on how likely the baby is to have congenital heart disease. If a pregnant woman has poorly controlled diabetes with rapidly fluctuating sugar levels, she may be at a higher risk of having a child with the condition. High sugar levels in the mother’s blood make the baby up to five times more likely to have congenital heart disease. It has been difficult to find out exactly how sugar levels interfere with heart development because diabetes can affect the fetus in many ways. Nakano et al. used stem cells and experiments in pregnant mice with diabetes to hone in on how high sugar levels affect the fetus’s heart development. First, heart cells were grown from human stem cells, and exposed to high levels of glucose in a dish. This revealed a new mechanism for how high sugar levels affect heart formation: the cells created too many nucleotides, the building blocks of molecules such as DNA. It turns out that high glucose levels boosted a chemical process in the cell known as the pentose phosphate pathway. Some of the products of this pathway are nucleotides. This made the cells divide rapidly, but did not allow them to mature well compared with cells exposed to normal levels of sugar. In another experiment, Nakano et al. found similar results in pregnant diabetic mice. The heart cells in mouse fetuses also divided quickly but matured slowly when exposed to high sugar levels. An estimated 60 million women at an age to have children have diabetes. These new findings help us to understand why and how these women are more likely to have children with congenital heart disease, and further study will hopefully lead to a better way to prevent this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Herman Pappoe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Addelynn Sagadevan
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Adam Z Stieg
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Meguro, Japan
| | - James K Gimzewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Meguro, Japan.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Peter M Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bernard Ribalet
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Life and Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Loureiro R, Mesquita KA, Magalhães-Novais S, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Mitochondrial biology in cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
44
|
A Score-Based Approach to 18F-FDG PET Images as a Tool to Describe Metabolic Predictors of Myocardial Doxorubicin Susceptibility. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7040057. [PMID: 29072629 PMCID: PMC5745393 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To verify the capability of 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to identify patients at higher risk of developing doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiotoxicity, using a score-based image approach. Methods: 36 patients underwent FDG-PET/CT. These patients had shown full remission after DXR-based chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease (DXR dose: 40–50 mg/m2 per cycle), and were retrospectively enrolled. Inclusion criteria implied the presence of both pre- and post-chemotherapy clinical evaluation encompassing electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography. Myocardial metabolism at pre-therapy PET was evaluated according to both standardized uptake value (SUV)- and score-based approaches. The capability of the score-based image assessment to predict the occurrence of cardiac toxicity with respect to SUV measurement was then evaluated. Results: In contrast to the SUV-based approach, the five-point scale method does not linearly stratify the risk of the subsequent development of cardiotoxicity. However, converting the five-points scale to a dichotomic evaluation (low vs. high myocardial metabolism), FDG-PET/CT showed high diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of cardiac toxicity (specificity = 100% and sensitivity = 83.3%). In patients showing high myocardial uptake at baseline, in which the score-based method is not able to definitively exclude the occurrence of cardiac toxicity, myocardial SUV mean quantification is able to further stratify the risk between low and intermediate risk classes. Conclusions: the score-based approach to FDG-PET/CT images is a feasible method for predicting DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. This method might improve the inter-reader and inter-scanner variability, thus allowing the evaluation of FDG-PET/CT images in a multicentral setting.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chaudhari U, Nemade H, Sureshkumar P, Vinken M, Ates G, Rogiers V, Hescheler J, Hengstler JG, Sachinidis A. Functional cardiotoxicity assessment of cosmetic compounds using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:371-381. [PMID: 28940058 PMCID: PMC5773645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a large demand of a human relevant in vitro test system suitable for assessing the cardiotoxic potential of cosmetic ingredients and other chemicals. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), we have already established an in vitro cardiotoxicity assay and identified genomic biomarkers of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in our previous work. Here, five cosmetic ingredients were studied by the new hiPSC-CMs test; kojic acid (KJA), triclosan (TS), triclocarban (TCC), 2,7-naphthalenediol (NPT), and basic red 51 (BR51) based on cytotoxicity as well as ATP assays, beating rate, and genomic biomarkers to determine the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and no observed effect concentration (NOEC). The LOEC for beating rate were 400, 10, 3, >400, and 3 µM for KJA, TS, TCC, NPT, and BR51, respectively. The corresponding concentrations for cytotoxicity or ATP depletion were similar, with the exception of TS and TCC, where the cardiomyocyte-beating assay showed positive results at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Functional analysis also showed that the individual compounds caused different effects on hiPSC-CMs. While exposure to KJA, TS, TCC, and BR51 induced significant arrhythmic beating, NPT slightly decreased cell viability, but did not influence beating. Gene expression studies showed that TS and NPT caused down-regulation of cytoskeletal and cardiac ion homeostasis genes. Moreover, TS and NPT deregulated genomic biomarkers known to be affected also by anthracyclines. The present study demonstrates that hiPSC-CMs can be used to determine LOECs and NOECs in vitro, which can be compared to human blood concentrations to determine margins of exposure. Our in vitro assay, which so far has been tested with several anthracyclines and cosmetics, still requires validation by larger numbers of positive and negative controls, before it can be recommended for routine analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harshal Nemade
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Poornima Sureshkumar
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gamze Ates
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Georg Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ounpuu L, Klepinin A, Pook M, Teino I, Peet N, Paju K, Tepp K, Chekulayev V, Shevchuk I, Koks S, Maimets T, Kaambre T. 2102Ep embryonal carcinoma cells have compromised respiration and shifted bioenergetic profile distinct from H9 human embryonic stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2146-2154. [PMID: 28552560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular bioenergetics may be involved in stem cell differentiation. Considering that during cancerogenesis cells acquire numerous properties of stem cells, it is possible to assume that the energy metabolism in tumorigenic cells might be differently regulated. The aim of this study was to compare the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile of normal pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and relatively nullipotent embryonal carcinoma cells (2102Ep cell line). We examined three parameters related to cellular bioenergetics: phosphotransfer system, aerobic glycolysis, and oxygen consumption. Activities and expression levels of main enzymes that facilitate energy transfer were measured. The oxygen consumption rate studies were performed to investigate the respiratory capacity of cells. 2102Ep cells showed a shift in energy distribution towards adenylate kinase network. The total AK activity was almost 3 times higher in 2102Ep cells compared to hESCs (179.85±5.73 vs 64.39±2.55mU/mg of protein) and the expression of AK2 was significantly higher in these cells, while CK was downregulated. 2102Ep cells displayed reduced levels of oxygen consumption and increased levels of aerobic glycolysis compared to hESCs. The compromised respiration of 2102Ep cells is not the result of increased mitochondrial mass, increased proton leak, and reduced respiratory reserve capacity of the cells or impairment of respiratory chain complexes. Our data showed that the bioenergetic profile of 2102Ep cells clearly distinguishes them from normal hESCs. This should be considered when this cell line is used as a reference, and highlight the importance of further research concerning energy metabolism of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Ounpuu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Indrek Teino
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadezda Peet
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalju Paju
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Tallinn University, Narva mnt 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Board M, Lopez C, van den Bos C, Callaghan R, Clarke K, Carr C. Acetoacetate is a more efficient energy-yielding substrate for human mesenchymal stem cells than glucose and generates fewer reactive oxygen species. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:75-83. [PMID: 28483672 PMCID: PMC5497396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been assumed to demonstrate a reliance on anaerobic energy generation, suited to their hypoxic in vivo environment. However, we found that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have an active oxidative metabolism with a range of substrates. More ATP was consistently produced from substrate oxidation than glycolysis by cultured hMSCs. Strong substrate preferences were shown with the ketone body, acetoacetate, being oxidised at up to 35 times the rate of glucose. ROS-generation was 45-fold lower during acetoacetate oxidation compared with glucose and substrate preference may be an adaptation to reduce oxidative stress. The UCP2 inhibitor, genipin, increased ROS production with either acetoacetate or glucose by 2-fold, indicating a role for UCP2 in suppressing ROS production. Addition of pyruvate stimulated acetoacetate oxidation and this combination increased ATP production 27-fold, compared with glucose alone, which has implications for growth medium composition. Oxygen tension during culture affected metabolism by hMSCs. Between passages 2 and 5, rates of both glycolysis and substrate-oxidation increased at least 2-fold for normoxic (20% O2)- but not hypoxic (5% O2)-cultured hMSCs, despite declining growth rates and no detectable signs of differentiation. Culture of the cells with 3-hydroxybutyrate abolished the increased rates of these pathways. These findings have implications for stem cell therapy, which necessarily involves in vitro culture of cells, since low passage number normoxic cultured stem cells show metabolic adaptations without detectable changes in stem-like status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Board
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3 PG, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Richard Callaghan
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3 PG, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3 PG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pohjoismäki JL, Goffart S. The role of mitochondria in cardiac development and protection. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:345-354. [PMID: 28216385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the development as well as maintenance of the myocardium, the most energy consuming tissue in the human body. Mitochondria are not only a source of ATP energy but also generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that cause oxidative damage, but also regulate physiological processes such as the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth after birth. As excess ROS production and oxidative damage are associated with cardiac pathology, it is not surprising that much of the research focused on the deleterious aspects of free radicals. However, cardiomyocytes are naturally highly adapted against repeating oxidative insults, with evidence suggesting that moderate and acute ROS exposure has beneficial consequences for mitochondrial maintenance and cardiac health. Antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial quality control, mtDNA maintenance mechanisms as well as mitochondrial fusion and fission improve mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte survival under stress conditions. As these adaptive processes can be induced, promoting mitohormesis or mitochondrial biogenesis using controlled ROS exposure could provide a promising strategy to increase cardiomyocyte survival and prevent pathological remodeling of the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L Pohjoismäki
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Steffi Goffart
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research reveals cardiac regeneration exists at levels previously deemed unattainable. Clinical trials using stem cells demonstrate promising cardiomyogenic and regenerative potential but insufficient contractile recovery. Incomplete understanding of the biology of administered cells likely contributes to inconsistent patient outcomes. Metabolism is a core component of many well-characterized stem cell types, and metabolic changes fundamentally alter stem cell fate from self-renewal to lineage commitment, and vice versa. However, the metabolism of stem cells currently studied for cardiac regeneration remains incompletely understood. Areas covered: Key metabolic features of stem cells are reviewed and unique stem cell metabolic characteristics are discussed. Metabolic changes altering stem cell fate are considered from quiescence and self-renewal to lineage commitment. Key metabolic concepts are applied toward examining cardiac regeneration through stem cell-based approaches, and clinical implications of current cell therapies are evaluated to identify potential areas of improvement. Expert commentary: The metabolism and biology of stem cells used for cardiac therapy remain poorly characterized. A growing appreciation for the fundamental relationship between stem cell functionality and metabolic phenotype is developing. Future studies unraveling links between cardiac stem cell metabolism and regenerative potential may considerably improve treatment strategies and therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter A Kubli
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- a San Diego State University , Integrated Regenerative Research Institute , San Diego , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Metabolite signatures of doxorubicin induced toxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1955-1963. [PMID: 28421296 PMCID: PMC5696498 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced off-target cardiotoxicity, particularly following anti-cancer therapy, is a major concern in new drug discovery and development. To ensure patient safety and efficient pharmaceutical drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more predictive cell model systems and distinct toxicity signatures. In this study, we applied our previously proposed repeated exposure toxicity methodology and performed 1H NMR spectroscopy-based extracellular metabolic profiling in culture medium of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) exposed to doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer agent. Single exposure to DOX did not show alteration in the basal level of extracellular metabolites while repeated exposure to DOX caused reduction in the utilization of pyruvate and acetate, and accumulation of formate compared to control culture medium. During drug washout, only pyruvate showed reversible effect and restored its utilization by hiPSC-CMs. On the other hand, formate and acetate showed irreversible effect in response to DOX exposure. DOX repeated exposure increased release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium suggesting cytotoxicity events, while declined ATP levels in hiPSC-CMs. Our data suggests DOX perturbed mitochondrial metabolism in hiPSC-CMs. Pyruvate, acetate and formate can be used as metabolite signatures of DOX induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, the hiPSC-CMs model system coupled with metabolomics technology offers a novel and powerful approach to strengthen cardiac safety assessment during new drug discovery and development.
Collapse
|