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Gao J, Yu K, Luo Q, Deng M, Hou X, Wang W, Zeng X, Xiong X, He Y, Hong X, Xiao Y. Near-Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging and Image-Guided siRNA Therapy of Atherosclerosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12428-12438. [PMID: 38996002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Targeting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase γ (CaMKIIγ) in macrophages using RNAi nanotechnology represents an innovative and promising strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, it remains elusive because of the current challenges associated with the systemic delivery of siRNA nanoparticle (NP) to atheromatous plaques and the complexity of atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a thienothiadiazole-based near-infrared-II (NIR-II) organic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) platform encapsulated with the Camk2g siRNA to effectively target CaMKIIγ in macrophages for dynamic imaging and image-guided gene therapy of atherosclerosis. The nanoparticles effectively decreased CaMKIIγ expression and increased the expression of the efferocytosis receptor MerTK in plaque macrophages, leading to a reduction in the necrotic core area of the lesion in an aortic plaque model. Our theranostic approach highlights the substantial promise of near-infrared II (NIR-II) AIEgens for imaging and image-guided therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiusi Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Mingbo Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Xiaowen Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Wumei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety (CAS), Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaodong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety (CAS), Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
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Ma R, Hao L, Cheng J, He J, Yin Q, Li Z, Qi G, Zheng X, Wang D, Zhang T, Cong H, Li Z, Hu H, Wang Y. Hyaluronic acid-modified mesoporous silica nanoprobes for target identification of atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149627. [PMID: 38340655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable plaque and secondary thrombosis caused by atherosclerosis are one of the main causes of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and it is urgent to develop an in-situ, noninvasive, sensitive and targeted detection method at molecular level. We chose CD44, a specific receptor highly expressed on the surface of macrophages, as the target of the molecular probe, and modified the CD44 ligand HA onto the surface of Gd2O3@MSN, constructing the MRI imaging nanoprobe HA-Gd2O3@MSN for targeted recognition of atherosclerosis. The fundamental properties of HA-Gd2O3@MSN were initially investigated. The CCK-8, hemolysis, hematoxylin-eosin staining tests and blood biochemical assays confirmed that HA-Gd2O3@MSN possessed excellent biocompatibility. Laser confocal microscopy, cellular magnetic resonance imaging, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to verify that the nanoprobes had good targeting properties. The in vivo targeting performance of the nanoprobes was further validated by employing a rabbit atherosclerosis animal model. In summary, the synthesized HA-Gd2O3@MSN nanoprobes have excellent biocompatibility properties as well as good targeting properties. It could provide a new technical tool for early identification of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Ma
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Liguo Hao
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Qiangqiang Yin
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zhongtao Li
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Guiqiang Qi
- Department of Molecular Imagine, School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Houyi Cong
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Image Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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Nadel J, Wang X, Saha P, Bongers A, Tumanov S, Giannotti N, Chen W, Vigder N, Chowdhury MM, da Cruz GL, Velasco C, Prieto C, Jabbour A, Botnar RM, Stocker R, Phinikaridou A. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of myeloperoxidase activity identifies culprit lesions and predicts future atherothrombosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. IMAGING METHODS AND PRACTICE 2024; 2:qyae004. [PMID: 38370393 PMCID: PMC10870993 DOI: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aims Unstable atherosclerotic plaques have increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). We examined whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intraplaque MPO activity predicts future atherothrombosis in rabbits and correlates with ruptured human atheroma. Methods and results Plaque MPO activity was assessed in vivo in rabbits (n = 12) using the MPO-gadolinium (Gd) probe at 8 and 12 weeks after induction of atherosclerosis and before pharmacological triggering of atherothrombosis. Excised plaques were used to confirm MPO activity by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) and to determine MPO distribution by histology. MPO activity was higher in plaques that caused post-trigger atherothrombosis than plaques that did not. Among the in vivo MRI metrics, the plaques' R1 relaxation rate after administration of MPO-Gd was the best predictor of atherothrombosis. MPO activity measured in human carotid endarterectomy specimens (n = 30) by MPO-Gd-enhanced MRI was correlated with in vivo patient MRI and histological plaque phenotyping, as well as LC-MSMS. MPO-Gd retention measured as the change in R1 relaxation from baseline was significantly greater in histologic and MRI-graded American Heart Association (AHA) type VI than type III-V plaques. This association was confirmed by comparing AHA grade to MPO activity determined by LC-MSMS. Conclusion We show that elevated intraplaque MPO activity detected by molecular MRI employing MPO-Gd predicts future atherothrombosis in a rabbit model and detects ruptured human atheroma, strengthening the translational potential of this approach to prospectively detect high-risk atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - André Bongers
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Giannotti
- Medical Imaging Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Niv Vigder
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | | | | | - Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, Arterial Inflammation and Redox Biology Group, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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He F, Hou W, Lan Y, Gao W, Zhou M, Li J, Liu S, Yang B, Zhang J. High Contrast Detection of Carotid Neothrombus with Strong Near-Infrared Absorption Selenium Nanosphere Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4043-4054. [PMID: 37520300 PMCID: PMC10377622 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s404743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid artery thrombosis is the leading cause of stroke. Since there are no apparent symptoms in the early stages of carotid atherosclerosis onset, it causes a more significant clinical diagnosis. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging provides high contrast and good depth information, which has been used for the early detection and diagnosis of many diseases. Methods We investigated thrombus formation by using 20% ferric chloride (FeCl3) in the carotid arteries of KM mice for the thrombosis model. The near-infrared selenium/polypyrrole (Se@PPy) nanomaterials are easy to synthesize and have excellent optical absorption in vivo, which can be used as PA contrast agents to obtain thrombosis information. Results In vitro experiments showed that Se@PPy nanocomposites have fulfilling PA ability in the 700 nm to 900 nm wavelength range. In the carotid atherosclerosis model, maximum PA signal enhancement up to 3.44, 4.04, and 5.07 times was observed by injection of Se@PPy nanomaterials, which helped to diagnose the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusion The superior PA signal of Se@PPy nanomaterials can identify the extent of atherosclerotic carotid lesions, demonstrating the feasibility of PA imaging technology in diagnosing carotid thrombosis lesion formation. This study demonstrates nanocomposites and PA techniques for imaging and diagnosing carotid thrombosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbing He
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Hou
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yintao Lan
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Gao
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutong Liu
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Di Giovanni G, Kataoka Y, Bubb K, Nelson AJ, Nicholls SJ. Impact of lipid lowering on coronary atherosclerosis moving from the lumen to the artery wall. Atherosclerosis 2023; 367:8-14. [PMID: 36716526 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that increasingly intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces the rate of cardiovascular events in the primary and secondary prevention setting. Integration of serial coronary imaging within clinical trials has enabled evaluation of medical therapies on the natural history of coronary disease. These studies have extended from early investigation of coronary obstruction with angiography to more contemporary evaluation of plaque burden and composition with imaging modalities that directly visualize the artery wall. The findings of these trials have demonstrated that intensive lipid lowering promotes plaque regression and stabilization. The lessons of this body of research provide a biological rationale underscoring the ability of intensive lipid lowering to reduce cardiovascular risk and have the potential to promote greater uptake in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu Kataoka
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristen Bubb
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam J Nelson
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Moghiseh M, Searle E, Dixit D, Kim J, Dong YC, Cormode DP, Butler A, Gieseg SP. Spectral Photon-Counting CT Imaging of Gold Nanoparticle Labelled Monocytes for Detection of Atherosclerosis: A Preclinical Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030499. [PMID: 36766602 PMCID: PMC9914700 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A key process in the development of atherosclerotic plaques is the recruitment of monocytes into the artery wall. Using spectral photon-counting computed tomography we examine whether monocyte deposition within the artery wall of ApoE-/- mouse can be detected. Primary mouse monocytes were labelled by incubating them with 15 nm gold nanoparticles coated with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid The monocyte uptake of the particle was confirmed by electron microscopy of the cells before injection into 6-week-old apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse that had been fed with the Western diet for 10 weeks. Four days following injection, the mouse was sacrificed and imaged using a MARS spectral photon counting computed tomography scanner with a spectral range of 7 to 120 KeV with five energy bins. Imaging analysis showed the presence of X-ray dense material within the mouse aortic arch which was consistent with the spectral characteristic of gold rather than calcium. The imaging is interpreted as showing the deposition of gold nanoparticles containing monocytes within the mouse aorta. The results of our study determined that spectral photon-counting computed tomography could provide quantitative information about gold nanoparticles labelled monocytes in voxels of 90 × 90 × 90 µm3. The imaging was consistent with previous micro-CT and electron microscopy of mice using the same nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that spectral photon-counting computed tomography, using a MARS small bore scanner, can detect a fundamental atherogenic process within mouse models of atherogenesis. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of spectral photon-counting computed tomography as an emerging molecular imaging modality to detect atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Moghiseh
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand
- MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Emily Searle
- MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Devyani Dixit
- MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Johoon Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuxi C. Dong
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David P. Cormode
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony Butler
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand
- MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Steven P. Gieseg
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand
- MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.P.G.)
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7
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Dilsizian V, Chandrashekhar Y. Assessing Plaque With Nuclear Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:1356-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18F Site-Specific Labelling of a Single-Chain Antibody against Activated Platelets for the Detection of Acute Thrombosis in Positron Emission Tomography. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136886. [PMID: 35805892 PMCID: PMC9267009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is the imaging modality of choice when it comes to the high sensitivity detection of key markers of thrombosis and inflammation, such as activated platelets. We, previously, generated a fluorine-18 labelled single-chain antibody (scFv) against ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) on activated platelets, binding it to the highly abundant platelet glycoprotein integrin receptor IIb/IIIa. We used a non-site-specific bio conjugation approach with N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate (S[18F]FB), leading to a mixture of products with reduced antigen binding. In the present study, we have developed and characterised a novel fluorine-18 PET radiotracer, based on this antibody, using site-specific bio conjugation to engineer cysteine residues with N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). ScFvanti-LIBS and control antibody mut-scFv, with engineered C-terminal cysteine, were reduced, and then, they reacted with N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM). Radiolabelled scFv was injected into mice with FeCl3-induced thrombus in the left carotid artery. Clots were imaged in a PET MR imaging system, and the amount of radioactivity in major organs was measured using an ionisation chamber and image analysis. Assessment of vessel injury, as well as the biodistribution of the radiolabelled scFv, was studied. In the in vivo experiments, we found uptake of the targeted tracer in the injured vessel, compared with the non-injured vessel, as well as a high uptake of both tracers in the kidney, lung, and muscle. As expected, both tracers cleared rapidly via the kidney. Surprisingly, a large quantity of both tracers was taken up by organs with a high glutathione content, such as the muscle and lung, due to the instability of the maleimide cysteine bond in vivo, which warrants further investigations. This limits the ability of the novel antibody radiotracer 18F-scFvanti-LIBS to bind to the target in vivo and, therefore, as a useful agent for the sensitive detection of activated platelets. We describe the first fluorine-18 variant of the scFvanti-LIBS against activated platelets using site-specific bio conjugation.
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Abstract
Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.E.S.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.S.-C)
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10
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[18F]Sodium Fluoride PET has the potential to identify active formation of calcinosis cutis in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:152027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Immuno-PET Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaques with [89Zr]Zr-Anti-CD40 mAb—Proof of Concept. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030408. [PMID: 35336782 PMCID: PMC8944956 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis can help in the identification of vulnerable plaque lesions. CD40 is a co-stimulatory molecule present on various immune and non-immune cells in the plaques and is linked to inflammation and plaque instability. We hypothesize that a 89Zr-labeled anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) tracer has the potential to bind to cells present in atherosclerotic lesions and that CD40 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can contribute to the detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque lesions. To study this, wild-type (WT) and ApoE−/− mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 14 weeks to develop atherosclerosis. Mice were injected with [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb and the aortic uptake was evaluated and quantified using PET/Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Ex vivo biodistribution was performed post-PET imaging and the uptake in the aorta was assessed with autoradiography and compared with Oil red O staining to determine the tracer potential to detect atherosclerotic plaques. On day 3 and 7 post injection, analysis of [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb PET/CT scans showed a more pronounced aortic signal in ApoE−/− compared to WT mice with an increased aorta-to-blood uptake ratio. Autoradiography revealed [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb uptake in atherosclerotic plaque areas in ApoE−/− mice, while no signal was found in WT mice. Clear overlap was observed between plaque areas as identified by Oil red O staining and autoradiography signal of [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb in ApoE−/− mice. In this proof of concept study, we showed that PET/CT with [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb can detect atherosclerotic plaques. As CD40 is associated with plaque vulnerability, [89Zr]Zr-anti-CD40 mAb has the potential to become a tracer to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Positron Emission Tomography in Atherosclerosis Research. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:825-839. [PMID: 35238004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative imaging technique that uses molecules labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides to visualize and measure biochemical processes in the tissues of living subjects. In recent years, different PET tracers have been evaluated for their ability to characterize the atherosclerotic process in order to study the activity of the disease. Here, we describe detailed PET methods for preclinical studies of atherosclerosis and summarize the key methodological aspects of PET imaging in clinical studies of atherosclerosis.
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Zhang Y, Fatima M, Hou S, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E. Research methods for animal models of atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:871. [PMID: 34713295 PMCID: PMC8569513 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that threatens human health and lives by causing vascular stenosis and plaque rupture. Various animal models have been employed for elucidating the pathogenesis, drug development and treatment validation studies for atherosclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, the species used for atherosclerosis research include mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, pigs, dogs, non-human primates and birds, among which the most commonly used ones are mice and rabbits. Notably, apolipoprotein E knockout (KO) or low-density lipoprotein receptor KO mice have been the most widely used animal models for atherosclerosis research since the late 20th century. Although the aforementioned animal models can form atherosclerotic lesions, they cannot completely simulate those in humans with respect to lesion location, lesion composition, lipoprotein composition and physiological structure. Hence, an appropriate animal model needs to be selected according to the research purpose. Additionally, it is necessary for atherosclerosis research to include quantitative analysis results of atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque composition. Laboratory animals can provide not only experimental tissues for in vivo studies but also cells needed for in vitro experiments. The present review first summarizes the common animal models and their practical applications, followed by focus on mouse and rabbit models and elucidating the methods to quantify atherosclerotic lesions. Finally, the methods of culturing endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells were elucidated in detail and the experiments involved in atherosclerosis research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mahreen Fatima
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liang Bai
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Lee CF, Carley RE, Butler CA, Morrison AR. Rac GTPase Signaling in Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:2808. [PMID: 34831028 PMCID: PMC8616135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the belief that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune signaling mechanisms. This review sought to highlight the role of Rac-mediated inflammatory signaling in the mechanisms driving atherosclerotic calcification. In addition, current clinical treatment strategies that are related to targeting hypercholesterolemia as a critical risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease are addressed in relation to the effects on Rac immune signaling and the implications for the future of targeting immune responses in the treatment of calcific atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cadence F. Lee
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rachel E. Carley
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Celia A. Butler
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alan R. Morrison
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Kondakov A, Lelyuk V. Clinical Molecular Imaging for Atherosclerotic Plaque. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7100211. [PMID: 34677297 PMCID: PMC8538040 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a well-known disease leading to cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These conditions lead to a high mortality rate, which explains the interest in their prevention, early detection, and treatment. Molecular imaging is able to shed light on the basic pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, that cause the progression and instability of plaque. The most common radiotracers used in clinical practice can detect increased energy metabolism (FDG), macrophage number (somatostatin receptor imaging), the intensity of cell proliferation in the area (labeled choline), and microcalcifications (fluoride imaging). These radiopharmaceuticals, especially FDG and labeled sodium fluoride, can predict cardiovascular events. The limitations of molecular imaging in atherosclerosis include low uptake of highly specific tracers, possible overlap with other diseases of the vessel wall, and specific features of certain tracers’ physiological distribution. A common protocol for patient preparation, data acquisition, and quantification is needed in the area of atherosclerosis imaging research.
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Atorvastatin Promotes Macrocalcification, But Not Microcalcification in Atherosclerotic Rabbits: An 18F-NaF PET/CT Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:544-550. [PMID: 34651601 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on plaque calcification by matching the results obtained by 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with data from histologic sections. METHODS AND RESULTS The rabbits were divided into 2 groups as follows: an atherosclerosis group (n = 10) and an atorvastatin group (n = 10). All rabbits underwent an abdominal aortic operation and were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. Plasma samples were used to analyze serum inflammation markers and blood lipid levels. 18F-NaF PET/CT scans were performed twice. The plaque area, macrophage number and calcification were measured, and the data from the pathological sections were matched with the 18F-NaF PET/CT scan results. The mean standardized uptake value (0.725 ± 0.126 vs. 0.603 ± 0.071, P < 0.001) and maximum standardized uptake value (1.024 ± 0.116 vs. 0.854 ± 0.091, P < 0.001) significantly increased in the atherosclerosis group, but only slightly increased in the atorvastatin group (0.616 ± 0.103 vs. 0.613 ± 0.094, P = 0.384; 0.853 ± 0.099 vs.0.837 ± 0.089, P < 0.001, respectively). The total calcium density was significantly increased in rabbits treated with atorvastatin compared with rabbits not treated with atorvastatin (1.64 ± 0.90 vs. 0.49 ± 0.35, P < 0.001), but the microcalcification level was significantly lower. There were more microcalcification deposits in the areas with increased radioactive uptake of 18F-NaF. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the anti-inflammatory activity of atorvastatin may promote macrocalcification but not microcalcification within atherosclerotic plaques. 18F-NaF PET/CT can detect plaque microcalcifications.
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Zhang X, Chen X, Liang Z, Nie M, Yan Y, Zhao Q. Pioglitazone combined with atorvastatin promotes plaque stabilization in a rabbit model. Vascular 2021; 30:1205-1212. [PMID: 34470532 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is not yet clear whether plaque inflammation and cardiovascular events are reduced further when pioglitazone and atorvastatin are combined. Our study aimed to determine whether pioglitazone combined with atorvastatin can restrain the progression of atherosclerosis and promote plaque stabilization in a rabbit model. METHOD AND RESULT Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into an atherosclerosis group, an atorvastatin group, and an atorvastatin plus pioglitazone group. The atherosclerosis model was induced using balloon injury and feeding a high-fat diet. Plasma samples were then used to analyze glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The area percentage of atherosclerotic plaques was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The relative reductions in TG and LDL-C and the increase in HDL-C levels were significantly greater in the combination therapy group than in the atorvastatin monotherapy group (TG: -33.60 ± 7.17% vs -24.16 ± 8.04%, p < 0.001; LDL-C: -42.89 ± 1.63% vs -37.13 ± 1.35%, p < 0.001; and HDL-C: 25.18 ± 5.53% vs 10.43 ± 6.31%, p < 0.001). The relative reductions in hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels were significantly greater in the combination therapy group than in the atorvastatin monotherapy group (-69.38 ± 1.06% vs-53.73 ± 1.92%, p < 0.001; -32.77 ± 2.49% vs -13.36 ± 1.66%, p < 0.001). The area percentage of atherosclerotic plaques was significantly smaller in the atorvastatin group (47.75%, p < 0.05) and in the atorvastatin plus pioglitazone group (22.57%, p < 0.05) than in the atherosclerosis group (84.08%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We can thus conclude that the combination treatment of atorvastatin and pioglitazone provided additive benefits on inflammatory parameters and lipid metabolism. Pioglitazone combined with atorvastatin can further restrain the progression of atherosclerosis and promote plaque stabilization in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiao Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Quanming Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Dietz M, Kamani CH, Deshayes E, Dunet V, Mitsakis P, Coukos G, Nicod Lalonde M, Schaefer N, Prior JO. Imaging angiogenesis in atherosclerosis in large arteries with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT: relationship with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 34390409 PMCID: PMC8364589 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin alpha-V-beta-3 (αvβ3) pathway is involved in intraplaque angiogenesis and inflammation and represents a promising target for molecular imaging in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical correlates of arterial wall accumulation of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD, a specific αvβ3 integrin ligand for PET. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of 44 patients who underwent 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. Tracer accumulation in the vessel wall of major arteries was analyzed semi-quantitatively by blood-pool-corrected target-to-background ratios. Tracer uptake was compared with clinically documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors and calcified plaque burden. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation. RESULTS 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD arterial uptake was significantly higher in patients with previous clinically documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (mean TBR 2.44 [2.03-2.55] vs. 1.81 [1.56-1.96], p = 0.001) and showed a significant correlation with prior cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event (r = 0.33, p = 0.027), BMI (ρ = 0.38, p = 0.01), plaque burden (ρ = 0.31, p = 0.04) and hypercholesterolemia (r = 0.31, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD holds promise as a non-invasive marker of disease activity in atherosclerosis, providing information about intraplaque angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dietz
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christel H Kamani
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Vincent Dunet
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Periklis Mitsakis
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Nicod Lalonde
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Nayor M, Shen L, Hunninghake GM, Kochunov P, Barr RG, Bluemke DA, Broeckel U, Caravan P, Cheng S, de Vries PS, Hoffmann U, Kolossváry M, Li H, Luo J, McNally EM, Thanassoulis G, Arnett DK, Vasan RS. Progress and Research Priorities in Imaging Genomics for Heart and Lung Disease: Summary of an NHLBI Workshop. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012943. [PMID: 34387095 PMCID: PMC8486340 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Imaging genomics is a rapidly evolving field that combines state-of-the-art bioimaging with genomic information to resolve phenotypic heterogeneity associated with genomic variation, improve risk prediction, discover prevention approaches, and enable precision diagnosis and treatment. Contemporary bioimaging methods provide exceptional resolution generating discrete and quantitative high-dimensional phenotypes for genomics investigation. Despite substantial progress in combining high-dimensional bioimaging and genomic data, methods for imaging genomics are evolving. Recognizing the potential impact of imaging genomics on the study of heart and lung disease, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to review cutting-edge approaches and methodologies in imaging genomics studies, and to establish research priorities for future investigation. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop. In particular, we highlight the need for increased availability of imaging genomics data in diverse populations, dedicated focus on less common conditions, and centralization of efforts around specific disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nayor
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics,
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gary M. Hunninghake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of
Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology,
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New
York, NY
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Medicine and Physiology, Children’s Research Institute and Genomic Sciences
and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Peter Caravan
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human
Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Márton Kolossváry
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huiqing Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - James Luo
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University
Health Center and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky,
Lexington KY
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and
Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University
Schools of Medicine and Public Health, and Center for Computing and Data Sciences,
Boston University, Boston, MA
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Cosarca MC, Horváth E, Molnar C, Molnár GB, Russu E, Mureșan VA. Calcification patterns in femoral and carotid atheromatous plaques: A comparative morphometric study. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:865. [PMID: 34178138 PMCID: PMC8220650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This comparative study was designed to focus on the mineral patterns in human atherosclerotic plaques based on quantitative measurements of calcium deposits through the morphometric method. A total of 101 atherosclerotic plaques were harvested by conventional transluminal angioplasty from the carotid artery (CA) and different segments of the femoral-popliteal axis (FPA), fixed in formalin and sent for histological processing. The histological grade of the atherosclerotic plaque and the calcification pattern were evaluated, followed by a morphometric analysis of the mineral deposits. Regarding the localization, the advanced plaques (VII and VIII types) developed predominantly at the level of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) compared to the CA (P<0.001). This significant difference was maintained even if they were divided into low grade (IV and V) and high grade categories (VI, VII and VIII) (P<0.05). Compared with that in the carotid plaques, in the FPA plaques the mineralized surface increased in parallel with the narrowing of the vascular lumen diameter. The image analysis of the total pathological calcification score (pCS) showed a significant difference between the CA plaques and distal SFA (dSFA) plaques (P=0.038) and between the proximal SFA (pSFA) and dSFA plaques (P=0.013). In the case of the simple nodular pattern, calcification occupied significantly larger areas in the plaques developed in the dSFA and popliteal artery (PA) in comparison with the CA plaques (P=0.0007 and P=0.0009). pCSs calculated in plaques with extensive calcification pattern showed a lower value in the CA vs. the pSFA plaques (P=0.004). A less pronounced, but significant difference was observed between the pCS of pSFA and dSFA plaques (P=0.017). Femoral and carotid plaques exhibited different morphology and tendency for calcification. In parallel with the narrowing of the vascular lumen diameter, the mineralized surface increased at the level of different FPA segments. These results suggest that the mechanism is site-specific, and wall structure-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Catalin Cosarca
- Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Emőke Horváth
- Department of Pathology, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Calin Molnar
- Department of General Surgery, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Gyopár-Beáta Molnár
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Târgu Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital (SCJU Târgu Mureș), 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Vasile Adrian Mureșan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Kwiecinski J, Dey D, Cadet S, Lee SE, Tamarappoo B, Otaki Y, Huynh PT, Friedman JD, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Yun M, Chang HJ, Slomka PJ, Berman DS. Predictors of 18F-sodium fluoride uptake in patients with stable coronary artery disease and adverse plaque features on computed tomography angiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 21:58-66. [PMID: 31211387 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-risk plaques (HRPs) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), we sought to define qualitative and quantitative CTA predictors of abnormal coronary 18F-sodium fluoride uptake (18F-NaF) by positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients undergoing coronary CTA were screened for HRP. Those who presented with ≥3 CTA adverse plaque features (APFs) including positive remodelling; low attenuation plaque (LAP, <30 HU), spotty calcification; obstructive coronary stenosis ≥50%; plaque volume >100 mm3 were recruited for 18F-NaF PET. In lesions with stenosis ≥25%, quantitative plaque analysis and maximum 18F-NaF target to background ratios (TBRs) were measured. Of 55 patients, 35 (64%) manifested coronary 18F-NaF uptake. Of 68 high-risk lesions 49 (70%) had increased PET tracer activity. Of the APFs, LAP had the highest sensitivity (39.4%) and specificity (98.3%) for predicting 18F-NaF uptake. TBR values were higher in lesions with LAP compared to those without [1.6 (1.3-1.8) vs. 1.1 (1.0-1.3), P = 0.01]. On adjusted multivariable regression analysis, LAP (both qualitative and quantitative) was independently associated with plaque TBR [LAP qualitative: β = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.65; P < 0.001] and (LAP volume: β = 0.20 per 10 mm3, 95% CI 0.13-0.27; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In stable CAD patients with HRP, LAP is predictive of 18F-NaF coronary uptake, but 18F-NaF is often seen in the absence of LAP. If 18F-NaF uptake is shown to be associated with adverse outcomes and becomes clinically used, the presence of LAP may define patients who would not benefit from the added testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Balaji Tamarappoo
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuka Otaki
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phi T Huynh
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Friedman
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mijin Yun
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Merinopoulos I, Gunawardena T, Stirrat C, Cameron D, Eccleshall SC, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Vassiliou VS. Diagnostic Applications of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide for Imaging Myocardial and Vascular Inflammation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1249-1264. [PMID: 32861658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is at the forefront of noninvasive methods for the assessment of myocardial anatomy, function, and most importantly tissue characterization. The role of CMR is becoming even more significant with an increasing recognition that inflammation plays a major role for various myocardial diseases such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) are nanoparticles that are taken up by monocytes and macrophages accumulating at sites of inflammation. In this context, USPIO-enhanced CMR can provide valuable additional information regarding the cellular inflammatory component of myocardial and vascular diseases. Here, we will review the recent diagnostic applications of USPIO in terms of imaging myocardial and vascular inflammation, and highlight some of their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Merinopoulos
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tharusha Gunawardena
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Stirrat
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; C.J. Gorter Centre for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon C Eccleshall
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilios S Vassiliou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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23
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Pan C, Lin J, Zheng J, Liu C, Yuan B, Akakuru OU, Zubair Iqbal M, Fang Q, Hu J, Chen J, Lin J, Dai Q, Guo X, Li Z, Zhang T, Xu C, Ma X, Chen T, Wu A, Jin Y. An intelligent T 1-T 2 switchable MRI contrast agent for the non-invasive identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6461-6474. [PMID: 33885526 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unlike stable atherosclerotic plaques, vulnerable plaques are very likely to cause serious cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Meanwhile, how to non-invasively identify vulnerable plaques at early stages has been an urgent but challenging problem in clinical practices. Here, we propose a macrophage-targeted and in situ stimuli-triggered T1-T2 switchable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobe for the non-invasive diagnosis of vulnerable plaques. Precisely, single-dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA), denoted as IONP-HP, show macrophage targetability and T1 MRI enhancement (r2/r1 = 3.415). Triggered by the low pH environment of macrophage lysosomes, the single-dispersed IONP-HP transforms into a cluster analogue, which exhibits T2 MRI enhancement (r2/r1 = 13.326). Furthermore, an in vivo switch of T1-T2 enhancement modes shows that the vulnerable plaques exhibit strong T1 enhancement after intravenous administration of the nanoprobe, followed by a switch to T2 enhancement after 9 h. In contrast, stable plaques show only slight T1 enhancement but without T2 enhancement. It is therefore imperative that the intelligent and novel nanoplatform proposed in this study achieves a substantial non-invasive diagnosis of vulnerable plaques by means of a facile but effective T1-T2 switchable process, which will significantly contribute to the application of materials science in solving clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Pan
- Department of Radiology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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24
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Derlin T, Koenecke C, Schultze-Florey C, Ganser A, Bengel FM. CD19-Targeted Immunotherapy Attenuates Vessel Wall Inflammation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1864-1866. [PMID: 33865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Florea A, Kooi ME, Mess W, Schurgers LJ, Bucerius J, Mottaghy FM. Effects of Combined Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Na[ 18F]F PET/MRI in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease: The INTRICATE Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030994. [PMID: 33808652 PMCID: PMC8003489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRICATE is a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility study, assessing the influence of combined vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on micro-calcification in carotid artery disease as imaged by hybrid Sodium [18F]Fluoride (Na[18F]F) positron emission tomography (PET)/ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arterial calcification is an actively regulated process and results from the imbalance between calcification promoting and inhibiting factors. Considering the recent advancements in medical imaging, ultrasound (US), PET/MRI, and computed tomography (CT) can be used for the selection and stratification of patients with atherosclerosis. Fifty-two subjects with asymptomatic carotid artery disease on at least one side of the neck will be included in the study. At baseline, an Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT examination will be performed. Afterwards, subjects will be randomized (1:1) to a vitamin K (400 µg MK-7/day) and vitamin D3 (80 µg/day) or to placebo. At the 3-month follow-up, subjects will undergo a second Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT scan. The primary endpoint is the change in Na[18F]F PET/MRI (baseline vs. after 3 months) in the treatment group as compared to the placebo arm. Secondary endpoints are changes in plaque composition and in blood-biomarkers. The INTRICATE trial bears the potential to open novel avenues for future large scale randomized controlled trials to intervene in the plaque development and micro-calcification progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Werner Mess
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-88741
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26
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The Impact of Coronary Artery Calcification on Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Decades of research and experimental studies have investigated various strategies to prevent acute coronary events. However, significantly efficient preventive methods have not been developed and still remains a challenge to determine if a coronary atherosclerotic plaque will become vulnerable and unstable. This review aims to assess the significance of plaque vulnerability markers, more precisely the role of spotty calcifications in the development of major cardiac events, given that coronary calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have suggested that microcalcifications, spotty calcifications, and the presence of the napkin-ring sign are predictive vulnerable plaque features, and their presence may cause plaque instability.
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Buchet R, Tribes C, Rouaix V, Doumèche B, Fiore M, Wu Y, Magne D, Mebarek S. Hydrolysis of Extracellular ATP by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiated into Chondrocytes Generates P i but Not PP i. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062948. [PMID: 33799449 PMCID: PMC8000465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is suspected to induce atherosclerosis plaque calcification. TNAP, during physiological mineralization, hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Since atherosclerosis plaques are characterized by the presence of necrotic cells that probably release supraphysiological concentrations of ATP, we explored whether this extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed into the mineralization inhibitor PPi or the mineralization stimulator inorganic phosphate (Pi), and whether TNAP is involved. (2) Methods: Murine aortic smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS cells) were transdifferentiated into chondrocyte-like cells in calcifying medium, containing ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. ATP hydrolysis rates were determined in extracellular medium extracted from MOVAS cultures during their transdifferentiation, using 31P-NMR and IR spectroscopy. (3) Results: ATP and PPi hydrolysis by MOVAS cells increased during transdifferentiation. ATP hydrolysis was sequential, yielding adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine without any detectable PPi. The addition of levamisole partially inhibited ATP hydrolysis, indicating that TNAP and other types of ectonucleoside triphoshatediphosphohydrolases contributed to ATP hydrolysis. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high ATP levels released by cells in proximity to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis plaques generate Pi and not PPi, which may exacerbate plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Buchet
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Camille Tribes
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Valentine Rouaix
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bastien Doumèche
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Michele Fiore
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - David Magne
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Institute for Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Lyon 1, French National Centre for Scientific Research, F-69622 Lyon, France; (C.T.); (V.R.); (B.D.); (M.F.); (D.M.); (S.M.)
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28
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Canet-Soulas E, Bessueille L, Mechtouff L, Magne D. The Elusive Origin of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622736. [PMID: 33768090 PMCID: PMC7985066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for decades or even centuries that arteries calcify as they age. Vascular calcification probably affects all adults, since virtually all have atherosclerotic plaques: an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, necrotic debris, and calcium phosphate crystals. A high vascular calcium score is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality risk, and relatively recent data suggest that even microcalcifications that form in early plaques may destabilize plaques and trigger a cardiovascular event. If the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque calcification have been relatively well characterized in mice, human plaques appear to calcify through different mechanisms that remain obscure. In this context, we will first review articles reporting the location and features of early calcifications in human plaques and then review the articles that explored the mechanisms though which human and mouse plaques calcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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29
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Florea A, Sigl JP, Morgenroth A, Vogg A, Sahnoun S, Winz OH, Bucerius J, Schurgers LJ, Mottaghy FM. Sodium [ 18F]Fluoride PET Can Efficiently Monitor In Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification Progression and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020275. [PMID: 33573188 PMCID: PMC7911917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high sensitivity and specificity of sodium [18F]Fluoride (Na[18F]F) for vascular calcifications and positive emerging data of vitamin K on vascular health, the aim of this study is to assess the ability of Na[18F]F to monitor therapy and disease progression in a unitary atherosclerotic mouse model. ApoE−/− mice were placed on a Western-type diet for 12-weeks and then split into four groups. The early stage atherosclerosis group received a chow diet for an additional 12-weeks, while the advanced atherosclerosis group continued the Western-type diet. The Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and Warfarin groups received MK-7 or Warfarin supplementation during the additional 12-weeks, respectively. Control wild type mice were fed a chow diet for 24-weeks. All of the mice were scanned with Na[18F]F using a small animal positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The Warfarin group presented spotty calcifications on the CT in the proximal aorta. All of the spots corresponded to dense mineralisations on the von Kossa staining. After the control, the MK-7 group had the lowest Na[18F]F uptake. The advanced and Warfarin groups presented the highest uptake in the aortic arch and left ventricle. The advanced stage group did not develop spotty calcifications, however Na[18F]F uptake was still observed, suggesting the presence of micro-calcifications. In a newly applied mouse model, developing spotty calcifications on CT exclusively in the proximal aorta, Na[18F]F seems to efficiently monitor plaque progression and the beneficial effects of vitamin K on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Julius P. Sigl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
| | - Andreas Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
| | - Sabri Sahnoun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
| | - Oliver H. Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (J.P.S.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (S.S.); (O.H.W.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-88741
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30
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) proceeds through a series of stages: initiation, progression (or regression), and complications. By integrating known biology regarding molecular signatures of each stage with recent advances in high-dimensional molecular data acquisition platforms (to assay the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and gut microbiome), snapshots of each phase of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease development can be captured. In this review, we will summarize emerging approaches for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in humans using peripheral blood molecular signatures and molecular imaging approaches. We will then discuss the potential (and challenges) for these snapshots to be integrated into a personalized movie providing dynamic readouts of an individual's atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk status throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nayor
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kemar J. Brown
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health; Boston University Center for Computing and Data Sciences
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31
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Advances in Quantitative Analysis of 18F-Sodium Fluoride Coronary Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:8849429. [PMID: 33746631 PMCID: PMC7953548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8849429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a promising noninvasive imaging tool for the assessment of active calcification processes in coronary artery disease. 18F-NaF uptake colocalizes to high-risk and ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. Most recently, 18F-NaF coronary uptake was shown to be a robust and independent predictor of myocardial infarction in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in coronary 18F-NaF imaging. In particular, we discuss the recently developed and validated motion correction techniques which address heart contractions, tidal breathing, and patient repositioning during the prolonged PET acquisitions. Additionally, we discuss a novel quantification approach—the coronary microcalcification activity (which has been inspired by the widely employed method in oncology total active tumor volume measurement). This new method provides a single number encompassing 18F-NaF activity within the entire coronary vasculature rather than just information regarding a single area of most intense tracer uptake.
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32
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Osborn EA, Albaghdadi M, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Willemink MJ, Coolen BF, Dyvorne H, Robson PM, Bander I, Ishino S, Pruzan A, Sridhar A, Zhang B, Balchandani P, Mani V, Strijkers GJ, Nederveen AJ, Leiner T, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM, Calcagno C. Ultra-high resolution, 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the atherosclerotic vessel wall at clinical 7T. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241779. [PMID: 33315867 PMCID: PMC7735577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic plaques with MRI requires high spatial resolution acquisitions with excellent image quality. The intrinsically better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at high-field clinical 7T compared to the widely employed lower field strengths of 1.5 and 3T may yield significant improvements to vascular MRI. However, 7T atherosclerosis imaging also presents specific challenges, related to local transmit coils and B1 field inhomogeneities, which may overshadow these theoretical gains. We present the development and evaluation of 3D, black-blood, ultra-high resolution vascular MRI on clinical high-field 7T in comparison lower-field 3T. These protocols were applied for in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic rabbits, which are often used for development, testing, and validation of translatable cardiovascular MR protocols. Eight atherosclerotic New Zealand White rabbits were imaged on clinical 7T and 3T MRI scanners using 3D, isotropic, high (0.63 mm3) and ultra-high (0.43 mm3) spatial resolution, black-blood MR sequences with extensive spatial coverage. Following imaging, rabbits were sacrificed for validation using fluorescence imaging and histology. Image quality parameters such as SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), as well as morphological and functional plaque measurements (plaque area and permeability) were evaluated at both field strengths. Using the same or comparable imaging parameters, SNR and CNR were in general higher at 7T compared to 3T, with a median (interquartiles) SNR gain of +40.3 (35.3-80.1)%, and a median CNR gain of +68.1 (38.5-95.2)%. Morphological and functional parameters, such as vessel wall area and permeability, were reliably acquired at 7T and correlated significantly with corresponding, widely validated 3T vessel wall MRI measurements. In conclusion, we successfully developed 3D, black-blood, ultra-high spatial resolution vessel wall MRI protocols on a 7T clinical scanner. 7T imaging was in general superior to 3T with respect to image quality, and comparable in terms of plaque area and permeability measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Willemink
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hadrien Dyvorne
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Robson
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilda Bander
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Seigo Ishino
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alison Pruzan
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arthi Sridhar
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bei Zhang
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Priti Balchandani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The ability of Micropure® ultrasound technique to identify microcalcifications in carotid plaques. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 201:106401. [PMID: 33340838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the ability of Micropure® ultrasound technique to identify microcalcifications in carotid plaques. METHODS Forty-four carotids in 22 patients were enrolled in this study and were detected by routine ultrasound examination and Micropure® examination at the same time to identify microcalcifications in plaques. The results were compared with the tissue-background ratio (TBR) in 18F-NaF PET-CT imaging, which was performed one or two days after the ultrasound examination. RESULTS In the 44 carotids, plaques were detected in 37 carotids. Microcalcifications were detected by the Micropure® technique in 32 carotids, which were located surrounded by macrocalcifications in 23 carotids, in the fibre cap in 12 carotids, and in the base of the plaque in 6 carotids. Microcalcifications were not detected in 12 carotids. In 18F-NaF PET-CT examination, TBR > 1.61 (range 1.62-3.99, mean 2.25 ± 0.58) was detected in 37 carotids, and TBR < 1.61 was detected in 7 carotids. There were no significant differences between the two methods in detecting microcalcifications (p = 0.180). The sensitivity of the Micropure® technique in detecting microcalcifications was 81.08 %, and the specificity was 71.43 %. CONCLUSIONS Microcalcifications in the carotid artery detected by the Micropure® technique were well in accordance with 18F-NaF PET-CT scanning, with better sensitivity and specificity.
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Adrover JM, Pellico J, Fernández-Barahona I, Martín-Salamanca S, Ruiz-Cabello J, Hidalgo A, Herranz F. Thrombo-tag, an in vivo formed nanotracer for the detection of thrombi in mice by fast pre-targeted molecular imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22978-22987. [PMID: 33053000 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Radioisotope-labelled nanoparticles permit novel applications in molecular imaging, while recent developments in imaging have enabled direct visualization of biological processes. While this holds true for pathological processes that are stable in time, such as cancer, imaging approaches are limited for phenomena that take place in the range of minutes, such as thrombotic events. Here, we take advantage of bioorthogonal chemistry to demonstrate the concept of nanoparticle-based fast pre-targeted imaging. Using a newly designed nanoparticle that targets platelets we show the applicability of this approach developing thrombo-tag, an in vivo produced nanoparticle that labels thrombi. We show that thrombo-tag allows specific labelling of platelets that accumulate in the injured pulmonary vasculature, or that aggregate in brains of mice suffering thrombotic processes. The fast kinetics and high specificity features of thrombo-tag may critically expand the application of molecular imaging to the most prevalent and debilitating diseases in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Alfaddagh A, Martin SS, Leucker TM, Michos ED, Blaha MJ, Lowenstein CJ, Jones SR, Toth PP. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 4:100130. [PMID: 34327481 PMCID: PMC8315628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation constitutes a complex, highly conserved cascade of molecular and cellular events. Inflammation has been labeled as “the fire within,” is highly regulated, and is critical to host defense and tissue repair. In general, inflammation is beneficial and has evolved to promote survival. However, inflammation can also be maladaptive when chronically activated and sustained, leading to progressive tissue injury and reduced survival. Examples of a maladaptive response include rheumatologic disease and atherosclerosis. Despite evidence gathered by Virchow over 100 years ago showing that inflammatory white cells play a role in atherogenesis, atherosclerosis was until recently viewed as a disease of passive cholesterol accumulation in the subendothelial space. This view has been supplanted by considerable basic scientific and clinical evidence demonstrating that every step of atherogenesis, from the development of endothelial cell dysfunction to foam cell formation, plaque formation and progression, and ultimately plaque rupture stemming from architectural instability, is driven by the cytokines, interleukins, and cellular constituents of the inflammatory response. Herein we provide an overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, discuss the predictive value of various biomarkers involved in inflammation, and summarize recent clinical trials that evaluated the capacity of various pharmacologic interventions to attenuate the intensity of inflammation and impact risk for acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Lowenstein
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Jones
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wu M, Li X, Guo Q, Li J, Xu G, Li G, Wang J, Zhang X. Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles-aided dual MR/NIRF imaging to identify macrophage enrichment in atherosclerotic plaques. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 32:102330. [PMID: 33171287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Active foamy macrophage enrichment drives atherosclerotic plaque initiation and evolution, and is the prominent target for precisely identifying vulnerable plaque. Precise imaging of high-risk plaque allows promotion of treatment and prevention of vascular pathema. However, current iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles-based magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of plaque is often limited by insufficient perfusion and nonspecific accumulation of peri-aortic lymph nodes. Besides that, intrinsic defects of MR also impede its use for accurately identifying plaque details. Herein, by conjugating with PP1 peptide, a novel magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (PIMI) loaded with near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye (IR820) was fabricated to specifically target and quantify macrophage enrichment of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice using dual MR/NIRF imaging. Biocompatibility experiments ulteriorly confirmed the high safety of PIMI nanoparticles in vivo, which lays the foundation of next-generation contrast agent for recognizing macrophage-rich plaque in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guoping Xu
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guilai Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
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Zenych A, Fournier L, Chauvierre C. Nanomedicine progress in thrombolytic therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) positron emission tomography (CuATSM PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique that can be used to detect hypoxia and inform prognosis in cancer. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are also hallmarks of various age-related diseases. Whether CuATSM PET has a role in the evaluation of hypoxia and oxidative stress in age-related diseases has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the utility of CuATSM PET in the diagnosis and management of age-related diseases.
Methods
EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Psychinfo were systematically searched for articles published between January 1st 1997 and February 13th 2020. We included articles published in English reporting the use of CuATSM PET in the diagnosis and management of age-related diseases in humans or animals.
Results
Nine articles were included describing CuATSM PET measures in neurological and cardiovascular disease. There was higher CuATSM uptake in diseased compared to control subjects in Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myocardial ischemia (MI), cardiac dysautonomia and atherosclerosis. Higher CuATSM uptake was seen in diseased compared to control anatomical areas in PD, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), MI and atherosclerosis. CuATSM uptake was associated with disease severity in PD, ALS, CVD and atherosclerosis. An association between CuATSM uptake and disease duration was shown in atherosclerosis.
Conclusion
CuATSM uptake is higher in neurological and cardiovascular diseases and associated with disease severity and duration. Further investigations using CuATSM PET in other age-related diseases are needed.
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Dweck MR, Maurovich-Horvat P, Leiner T, Cosyns B, Fayad ZA, Gijsen FJH, Van der Heiden K, Kooi ME, Maehara A, Muller JE, Newby DE, Narula J, Pontone G, Regar E, Serruys PW, van der Steen AFW, Stone PH, Waltenberger JL, Yuan C, Evans PC, Lutgens E, Wentzel JJ, Bäck M. Contemporary rationale for non-invasive imaging of adverse coronary plaque features to identify the vulnerable patient: a Position Paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:1177-1183. [PMID: 32887997 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques prone to rupture may cause acute myocardial infarction (MI) but can also heal without causing an event. Certain common histopathological features, including inflammation, a thin fibrous cap, positive remodelling, a large necrotic core, microcalcification, and plaque haemorrhage are commonly found in plaques causing an acute event. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to detect not only luminal stenosis and overall coronary atherosclerosis burden but also to identify such adverse plaque characteristics. However, the predictive value of identifying individual adverse atherosclerotic plaques for future events has remained poor. In this Position Paper, the relationship between vulnerable plaque imaging and MI is addressed, mainly for non-invasive assessments but also for invasive imaging of adverse plaques in patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography. Dynamic changes in atherosclerotic plaque development and composition may indicate that an adverse plaque phenotype should be considered at the patient level rather than for individual plaques. Imaging of adverse plaque burden throughout the coronary vascular tree, in combination with biomarkers and biomechanical parameters, therefore holds promise for identifying subjects at increased risk of MI and for guiding medical and invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ) & In Vivo Molecular and Cellular Imaging (ICMI) Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank J H Gijsen
- Biomedical Engineering, Cardiology Department, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Biomedical Engineering, Cardiology Department, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - M Eline Kooi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Cardiology Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James E Muller
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Peter H Stone
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes L Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Münster, WWU, Münster, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, SRH Central Hospital, Suhl, Germany
| | - Chun Yuan
- Vascular Imaging Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jolanda J Wentzel
- Biomedical Engineering, Cardiology Department, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, M85, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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MacAskill MG, Newby DE, Tavares AAS. Frontiers in positron emission tomography imaging of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1952-1962. [PMID: 31233100 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques leading to an atherothrombotic event is the primary driver of myocardial infarction and stroke. The ability to detect non-invasively the presence and evolution of vulnerable plaques could have a huge impact on the future identification and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with an appropriate radiotracer has the potential to achieve this goal. This review will discuss the biological hallmarks of plaque vulnerability before going on to evaluate and to present PET imaging approaches which target these processes. The focus of this review will be on techniques beyond [18F]FDG imaging, some of which are clinically advanced, and others which are on the horizon. As inflammation is the primary driving force behind atherosclerotic plaque development, we will predominantly focus on approaches which either directly, or indirectly, target this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G MacAskill
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kwiecinski J, Cadet S, Daghem M, Lassen ML, Dey D, Dweck MR, Berman DS, Newby DE, Slomka PJ. Whole-vessel coronary 18F-sodium fluoride PET for assessment of the global coronary microcalcification burden. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1736-1745. [PMID: 31897586 PMCID: PMC7271818 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) has shown promise in assessing disease activity in coronary arteries, but currently used measures of activity - such as maximum target to background ratio (TBRmax) - are defined by single pixel count values. We aimed to develop a novel coronary-specific measure of 18F-NaF PET reflecting activity throughout the entire coronary vasculature (coronary microcalcification activity [CMA]). METHODS Patients with recent myocardial infarction and multi-vessel coronary artery disease underwent 18F-NaF PET and coronary CT angiography. We assessed the association between coronary 18F-NaF uptake (both TBRmax and CMA) and coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) as well as low attenuation plaque (LAP, attenuation < 30 Hounsfield units) volume. RESULTS In 50 patients (64% males, 63 ± 7 years), CMA and TBRmax were higher in vessels with LAP compared to those without LAP (1.09 [0.02, 2.34] versus 0.0 [0.0, 0.0], p < 0.001 and 1.23 [1.16, 1.37] versus 1.04 [0.93, 1.11], p < 0.001). Compared to a TBRmax threshold of 1.25, CMA > 0 had a higher diagnostic accuracy for detection of LAP: sensitivity of 93.1 (83.3-98.1)% versus 58.6 (44.9-71.4)% and a specificity of 95.7 (88.0-99.1)% versus 80.0 (68.7-88.6)% (both p < 0.001). 18F-NaF uptake assessed by CMA correlated more closely with LAP (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) than the CT calcium score (r = 0.39, p < 0.001), with these associations outperforming those observed for TBRmax values (LAP r = 0.63, p < 0.001; CT calcium score r = 0.30, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Automated assessment of disease activity across the entire coronary vasculature is feasible using 18F-NaF CMA, providing a single measurement that has closer agreement with CT markers of plaque vulnerability than more traditional measures of plaque activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marwa Daghem
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin L Lassen
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Damini Dey
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Newby
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Departments of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Davenport ED, Gray G, Rienks R, Bron D, Syburra T, d'Arcy JL, Guettler NJ, Manen O, Nicol ED. Management of established coronary artery disease in aircrew without myocardial infarction or revascularisation. Heart 2020; 105:s25-s30. [PMID: 30425083 PMCID: PMC6256295 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is part of a series of expert consensus documents covering all aspects of aviation cardiology. In this manuscript, we focus on the broad aviation medicine considerations that are required to optimally manage aircrew with established coronary artery disease in those without myocardial infarction or revascularisation (both pilots and non-pilot aviation professionals). We present expert consensus opinion and associated recommendations. It is recommended that in aircrew with non-obstructive coronary artery disease or obstructive coronary artery disease not deemed haemodynamically significant, nor meeting the criteria for excessive burden (based on plaque morphology and aggregate stenosis), a return to flying duties may be possible, although with restrictions. It is recommended that aircrew with haemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (defined by a decrease in fractional flow reserve) or a total burden of disease that exceeds an aggregated stenosis of 120% are grounded. With aggressive cardiac risk factor modification and, at a minimum, annual follow-up with routine non-invasive cardiac evaluation, the majority of aircrew with coronary artery disease can safely return to flight duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie D Davenport
- Aeromedical Consult Service, United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-PAtterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary Gray
- Canadian Forces Environmental Medical Establishment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rienk Rienks
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht and Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis Bron
- Aeromedical Centre, Swiss Air Force, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Syburra
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Joanna L d'Arcy
- Royal Air Force Aviation Clinical Medicine Service, RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Norbert J Guettler
- German Air Force Center for Aerospace Medicine, Fuerstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Olivier Manen
- Aviation Medicine Department, AeMC, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Edward D Nicol
- Royal Air Force Aviation Clinical Medicine Service, RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, Bedfordshire, UK
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Flexible endoscopic micro-optical coherence tomography for three-dimensional imaging of the arterial microstructure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9248. [PMID: 32514084 PMCID: PMC7280224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT) is a novel imaging approach enabling visualization of the microstructures of biological tissues at a cellular or sub-cellular level. However, it has been challenging to develop a miniaturized flexible endoscopic µOCT probe allowing helical luminal scanning. In this study, we built a flexible endoscopic µOCT probe with an outer diameter of 1.2 mm, which acquires three-dimensional images of the arterial microstructures via helical scanning with an axial and lateral resolutions of 1.83 µm and 3.38 µm in air, respectively. Furthermore, the depth of focus of the µOCT imaging probe was extended two-fold using a binary phase spatial filter. We demonstrated that the present endoscopic µOCT could image cellular level features of a rabbit artery with high-risk atheroma and a bioresorbable scaffold-implanted swine coronary artery. This highly-translatable endoscopic µOCT will be a useful tool for investigating coronary artery disease and stent biology.
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45
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Al-Mashhadi RH, Tolbod LP, Bloch LØ, Bjørklund MM, Nasr ZP, Al-Mashhadi Z, Winterdahl M, Frøkiær J, Falk E, Bentzon JF. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Accumulation in Arterial Tissues Determined by PET Signal Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:1220-1232. [PMID: 31466620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is considered a measure of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and is used for quantification of disease activity in clinical trials, but the distribution profile of FDG across macrophages and other arterial cells has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze FDG uptake in different arterial tissues and their contribution to PET signal in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. METHODS Wild-type and D374Y-PCSK9 transgenic Yucatan minipigs were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet to induce atherosclerosis and subjected to a clinical FDG-PET and computed tomography scan protocol. Volumes of arterial media, intima/lesion, macrophage-rich, and hypoxic tissues were measured in serial histological sections. Distributions of FDG in macrophages and other arterial tissues were quantified using modeling of the in vivo PET signal. In separate transgenic minipigs, the intra-arterial localization of FDG was determined directly by autoradiography. RESULTS Arterial FDG-PET signal appearance and intensity were similar to human imaging. The modeling approach showed high accuracy in describing the FDG-PET signal and revealed comparable FDG accumulation in macrophages and other arterial tissues, including medial smooth muscle cells. These findings were verified directly by autoradiography of normal and atherosclerotic arteries. CONCLUSIONS FDG is taken up comparably in macrophage-rich and -poor arterial tissues in minipigs. This offers a mechanistic explanation to a growing number of observations in clinical imaging studies that have been difficult to reconcile with macrophage-selective FDG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozh H Al-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lars P Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Ø Bloch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; MR Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin M Bjørklund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahra P Nasr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Winterdahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erling Falk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Florea A, Morgenroth A, Bucerius J, Schurgers LJ, Mottaghy FM. Locking and loading the bullet against micro-calcification. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1370-1375. [PMID: 33611501 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320911138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite recent medical advances, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. As (micro)-calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, this review will elaborately discuss advantages of sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) as a reliable cardiovascular imaging technique for identifying the early onset of vascular calcification (i.e. locking onto the target). We assess state-of-the-art meta-analysis and clinical studies of possible treatment options and evaluate the concept of vitamin K supplementation to preserve vascular health (i.e. loading the bullet). METHODS AND RESULTS After a structured PubMed search, we identified 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) PET as the most suitable technique for detecting micro-calcification. Presenting the pros and cons of available treatments, vitamin K supplementation should be considered as a possible safe and cost-effective option to inhibit vascular (micro)-calcification. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates need for more extensive research in the concept of vitamin K supplementation (i.e. loading the bullet) and recommends monitoring the effects on vascular calcification using 18F-NaF PET (i.e. locking onto the target).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Netherlands
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Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition on inflammation in atherosclerosis: A 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose study of a mouse model of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2020; 305:64-72. [PMID: 32386751 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects. We evaluated the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin on atherosclerotic plaque and hepatic inflammation using histology and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG), a positron emission tomography tracer of inflammation, in a mouse model of hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Igf2/Ldlr-/-Apob100/100 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then randomly allocated to receive HFD (n = 14), or HFD with added linagliptin (n = 15) for additional 12 weeks. Five mice fed a chow diet were studied as an additional control. At the end of the study, glucose tolerance, aortic and liver uptake of 18F-FDG, and histology were studied. RESULTS Mice in linagliptin and HFD groups had similar fasting glucose concentrations, but linagliptin improved glucose tolerance. Aortas of linagliptin and HFD groups showed advanced atherosclerotic plaques with no difference in the mean intima-to-media ratio or number of macrophages in the plaques. Autoradiography showed similar 18F-FDG uptake by atherosclerotic plaques in linagliptin and HFD groups (plaque-to-wall ratio: 1.7 ± 0.25 vs. 1.6 ± 0.21; p = 0.24). In the liver, linagliptin reduced the histologic inflammation score but had no effect on 18F-FDG uptake. Compared with chow diet, uptake of 18F-FDG was similar in the aorta, but higher in the liver after HFD. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin therapy improved glucose tolerance and reduced hepatic inflammation but had no effect on plaque burden or atherosclerotic inflammation, as determined by histology and 18F-FDG uptake, in atherosclerotic mice with type 2 diabetes.
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Xie Z, Yang Y, He Y, Shu C, Chen D, Zhang J, Chen J, Liu C, Sheng Z, Liu H, Liu J, Gong X, Song L, Dong S. In vivo assessment of inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis by noninvasive photoacoustic imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4694-4704. [PMID: 32292523 PMCID: PMC7150488 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using noninvasive photoacoustic imaging technology along with novel semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for in vivo identifying inflammatory components in carotid atherosclerosis and assessing the severity of inflammation using mouse models. Methods and Results: Healthy carotid arteries and atherosclerotic carotid arteries were imaged in vivo by the noninvasive photoacoustic imaging system. Molecular probes PBD-CD36 were used to label the inflammatory cells to show the inflammation information by photoacoustic imaging. In in vivo imaging experiments, we observed the maximum photoacoustic signal enhancement of 4.3, 5.2, 8 and 16.3 times between 24 h post probe injection and that before probe injection in four carotid arteries belonging to three atherosclerotic mice models. In the corresponding carotid arteries stained with CD36, the ratio of 0.043, 0.061, 0.082 and 0.113 was found between CD36 positive (CD36(+)) expression area and intima-media area (P < 0.05). For the CD36(+) expression less than 0.008 in eight arteries, no photoacoustic signal enhancement was found due to the limited system sensitivity. The photoacoustic signal reflects CD36(+) expression in plaques, which shows the feasibility of using photoacoustic imaging for in vivo assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. Conclusion: This research demonstrates a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle along with photoacoustic technology for noninvasive imaging and assessment of inflammation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
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Ståhle M, Silvola JMU, Hellberg S, de Vries M, Quax PHA, Kroon J, Rinne P, de Jong A, Liljenbäck H, Savisto N, Wickman A, Stroes ESG, Ylä-Herttuala S, Saukko P, Abrahamsson T, Pettersson K, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Therapeutic Antibody Against Phosphorylcholine Preserves Coronary Function and Attenuates Vascular 18F-FDG Uptake in Atherosclerotic Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:360-373. [PMID: 32368695 PMCID: PMC7188869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine is a pro-inflammatory epitope in atherogenic oxidized phospholipids. This study investigated effects of a novel monoclonal IgG1 antibody against PC on vascular function and atherosclerotic inflammation. Treatment with phosphorylcholine antibody preserved coronary flow reserve and decreased uptake of 18F-FDG in atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic mice. Noninvasive imaging techniques represent translational tools to assess the efficacy of phosphorylcholine-targeted therapy on coronary artery function and atherosclerosis.
This study showed that treatment with a therapeutic monoclonal immunoglobulin-G1 antibody against phosphorylcholine on oxidized phospholipids preserves coronary flow reserve and attenuates atherosclerotic inflammation as determined by the uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in atherosclerotic mice. The noninvasive imaging techniques represent translational tools to assess the efficacy of phosphorylcholine-targeted therapy on coronary artery function and atherosclerosis in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- 18F-FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
- 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ApoB, apolipoprotein-B
- CFR, coronary flow reserve
- HAEC, human aortic endothelial cell
- ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Lp(a), lipoprotein(a)
- NO, nitric oxide
- OxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- OxPLs, oxidized phospholipids
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- PC-mAb, human PC antibody
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- atherosclerosis
- coronary flow reserve
- inflammation
- phosphorylcholine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Margreet de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petteri Rinne
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alwin de Jong
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and most often progressive disease with a long clinically apparently silent period, and can become unstable at any time, due to a plaque rupture or erosion, leading to an acute atherothrombotic event. Atherosclerosis has a progression rate that is highly variable among patients and in the same patient. The progression of atherosclerotic plaque from asymptomatic to symptomatic phase depends on its structure and composition in which inflammation plays an essential role. Prototype of the ruptured plaque contains a large, soft, lipid-rich necrotic core with intraplaque hemorrhage that accounts for more than half of the volume of the plaque covered by a thin and inflamed fibrous cap with few smooth muscle cells, and a heavy infiltrate of inflammatory cells. Noninvasive imaging modalities might provide an assessment of the atherosclerotic disease process through the exploration of these plaque features. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging can characterize plaque morphology, whereas molecular imaging, owing to the high sensitivity of nuclear medicine for the detection of radiopharmaceuticals in tissues, allows to explore plaque biology. During the last 2 decades, FDG-PET imaging has also emerged as a powerful tool to explore noninvasively inflammatory activities in atherosclerotic plaques providing new insights on the evolution of metabolic activities in the vascular wall over time. This review highlights the role of PET imaging for the exploration of metabolic activities in atherosclerotic plaques. It will resume the evidence that have been gathered from clinical studies using FDG-PET and will discuss the perspectives of new radiopharmaceuticals for vulnerable plaque imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lairez
- Cardiac Imaging Centre, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Hôpitaux de Paris, Université René Diderot, Paris, France.
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