1
|
Bharatselvam S, Schwenger KJP, Ghorbani Y, Fischer SE, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Assessing clinical and metabolic responses related to hyperlipidemia, MASLD and type 2 diabetes: sleeve versus RYGB. Nutrition 2024; 126:112530. [PMID: 39111098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are effective at inducing weight loss, but more information is needed on their comparative effectiveness at improving clinical/biochemical outcomes related to the presence of hyperlipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), or type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline. Here we aimed to assess this in real-world practice. METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional and cohort study of 142 patients who underwent RYGB or LSG as per clinical practice. Clinical/biochemical data were collected at baseline, prior to surgery and 12 months post-bariatric surgery. Liver biopsy was performed during surgery to diagnose MASLD. The main outcome was 12-month changes in lipid parameters, mainly total cholesterol, between types of surgery. RESULTS A TOTAL OF: 107 participants underwent RYGB and 35 underwent LSG. Both groups were similar at baseline except for a higher proportion of males and waist circumference in the LSG group. At 12 months postsurgery, RYGB versus LSG resulted in a significantly lower body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. However, alanine aminotransferase was significantly lower in those who underwent LSG. In subgroup analyses RYGB was superior at improving lipid-related parameters in those with hyperlipidemia, whereas LSG was superior at reducing alanine aminotransferase in those with MASLD. CONCLUSIONS RYGB versus LSG leads to greater reductions in body mass index and lipid parameters, especially in those with hyperlipidemia, whereas LSG showed greater improvements in liver enzymes in those with MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasaman Ghorbani
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang D, Tao S, Shao M, Huang L, Xiao X, Zhang J, Yao R, Sun Z. Effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:169. [PMID: 38956626 PMCID: PMC11221034 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute and long-term benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular health have been well established. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov website from inception to September 30, 2023, to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random/fixed effects models. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Jadad scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted based on drug dosage, treatment duration, and age of administration to further explore potential heterogeneity. Funnel plots were performed to assess publication bias and Begg's regression test was carried out for funnel plot asymmetry. RESULTS Twenty-two RCTs involving 1978 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. The mean quality of eligible studies was 4.2 out of 7 based on the modified Jadad scale. The results indicated that exercise training had a significant effect on reducing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [MD = - 0.69, 95%CI (- 1.11, - 0.27), P = 0.001], decreasing augmentation index (AIx) [MD = - 6.00, 95%CI (- 6.39, - 5.61), P < 0.00001] and AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75%) [MD = - 7.01, 95%CI - 7.91 to - 6.12, P < 0.00001], lowering systolic blood pressure [MD = - 6.19, 95%CI - 9.24 to - 3.15, P < 0.0001], diastolic blood pressure [MD = - 3.57, 95%CI (- 6.10, - 1.03), P = 0.006) and pulse pressure [MD = - 8.52, 95%CI (- 16.27, - 0.76), P = 0.03]. Subgroup analysis revealed that baseline blood pressure levels had a large impact on the effect of exercise training. CONCLUSIONS The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that exercise training may ameliorate arterial stiffness and reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. However, the optimal mode of exercise training that improves arterial stiffness and blood pressure in this population requires further investigation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021211268.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshuang Yang
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyi Tao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Shao
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golchin Vafa R, Heydarzadeh R, Rahmani M, Tavan A, Khoshnoud Mansorkhani S, Zamiri B, Amiri F, Azadian A, Khademolhosseini A, Montaseri M, Hosseini N, Hosseini SA, Kojuri J. The long-term effects of the Covid-19 infection on cardiac symptoms. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37280530 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the lungs, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect the cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, hepatic, and central nervous systems. Other than its short-term effects, COVID-19 may also cause long-term complications. In this study, we assessed long-term COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms among patients in a cardiovascular clinic. METHOD A retrospective cohort was conducted between October 2020 to May 2021 on patients at an outpatient cardiovascular clinic in Shiraz, Iran. Patients with a history of COVID-19 at least one year before their referral were included. Baseline information was extracted from the clinic's database. Data were collected regarding symptoms like dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, and palpitations after a year of COVID-19. We also noted any major adverse cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS Most common symptoms after a year of COVID-19 were exertional dyspnea (51.2%), dyspnea at rest (41.6%), fatigue (39%), and chest pain (27.1%). The symptoms were more prevalent in hospitalized patients than in non-hospitalized patients. The prevalence of MACE was about 6.1% during the 12-month follow-up, with this rate being higher in those with a history of hospitalization or comorbid diseases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms was fairly high in patients at our clinic a year after COVID-19, and the most common symptom was dyspnea. Hospitalized patients had more MACE. (Clinicaltrial.gov number: NCT05715879)(04/02/2023).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Golchin Vafa
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heydarzadeh
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Tavan
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soroush Khoshnoud Mansorkhani
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bardia Zamiri
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhang Amiri
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Azadian
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Khademolhosseini
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Montaseri
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Hosseini
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Kojuri
- Cardiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Professor Kojuri Cardiology Clinic, Niayesh St. Niayesh Medical Complex, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paoin K, Pharino C, Vathesatogkit P, Phosri A, Buya S, Saranburut K, Ueda K, Seposo XT, Ingviya T, Kitiyakara C, Thongmung N, Sritara P. Residential greenness and kidney function: A cohort study of Thai employees. Health Place 2023; 80:102993. [PMID: 36791509 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher residential greenness is associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease, but evidence on the association between greenness exposure and kidney function has not been conducted. Using cohort data from Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) employees, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to greenness and kidney function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand. We analyzed data from 2022 EGAT workers (aged 25-55 years at baseline) from 2009 to 2019. The level of greenness was calculated using the satellite-derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). From 2008 to 2019, the average concentration of each air pollutant (PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) at the sub-district level in BMR was generated using the Kriging method. Long-term exposure for each participant was defined as the 1-year average concentrations before the date of the physical examination in 2009, 2014, and 2019. We employed linear mixed effects models to evaluate associations of NDVI and EVI with eGFR. The robustness of the results was also tested by including air pollutants in the models. After relevant confounders were controlled, the interquartile range increase in NDVI was associated with higher eGFR [1.03% (95%CI: 0.33, 1.74)]. After PM10 and SO2 were included in the models, the associations between NDVI and eGFR became weaker. The additions of O3, NO2, and CO strengthened the associations between them. In contrast, we did not find any association between EVI and eGFR. In conclusion, there was a positive association between NDVI and eGFR, but not for EVI. Air pollutants had a significant impact on the relationship between NDVI and eGFR. Additional research is needed to duplicate this result in various settings and populations to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanawat Paoin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chanathip Pharino
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prin Vathesatogkit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Phosri
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suhaimee Buya
- School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Krittika Saranburut
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xerxes Tesoro Seposo
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Medical Data Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chagriya Kitiyakara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nisakron Thongmung
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of Prior Exercise on Postprandial Lipemia: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:501-518. [PMID: 36028221 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the results from current literature examining the effects of prior exercise on the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to evaluate current literature and provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods to quantify individual effect sizes. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of prior exercise on postprandial TG response. Two hundred and seventy-nine effects were retrieved from 165 studies for the total TG response and 142 effects from 87 studies for the incremental area under the curve TG response. There was a moderate effect of exercise on the total TG response (Cohen's d = -0.47; p < .0001). Moderator analysis revealed exercise energy expenditure significantly moderated the effect of prior exercise on the total TG response (p < .0001). Exercise modality (e.g., cardiovascular, resistance, combination of both cardiovascular and resistance, or standing), cardiovascular exercise type (e.g., continuous, interval, concurrent, or combined), and timing of exercise prior to meal administration significantly affected the total TG response (p < .001). Additionally, exercise had a moderate effect on the incremental area under the curve TG response (Cohen's d = -0.40; p < .0001). The current analysis reveals a more homogeneous data set than previously reported. The attenuation of postprandial TG appears largely dependent on exercise energy expenditure (∼2 MJ) and the timing of exercise. The effect of prior exercise on the postprandial TG response appears to be transient; therefore, exercise should be frequent to elicit an adaptation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ray KK, Reeskamp LF, Laufs U, Banach M, Mach F, Tokgözoğlu LS, Connolly DL, Gerrits AJ, Stroes ESG, Masana L, Kastelein JJP. Combination lipid-lowering therapy as first-line strategy in very high-risk patients. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:830-833. [PMID: 34636884 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kausik K Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz 90-549, Poland
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derek L Connolly
- Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anja J Gerrits
- MEDCON International, Adriaan Pauwlaan 29, Heemstede 2101 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Luis Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV CIBERDEM, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guía ESC 2020 sobre cardiología del deporte y el ejercicio en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S, Bäck M, Börjesson M, Caselli S, Collet JP, Corrado D, Drezner JA, Halle M, Hansen D, Heidbuchel H, Myers J, Niebauer J, Papadakis M, Piepoli MF, Prescott E, Roos-Hesselink JW, Graham Stuart A, Taylor RS, Thompson PD, Tiberi M, Vanhees L, Wilhelm M. 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:17-96. [PMID: 32860412 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Low Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Among Patients Admitted in Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:321-324. [PMID: 33710600 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide despite the availability of well-established and effective preventive strategies. AIM We aim to assess patients awareness of the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a population with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admitted in cardiac rehabilitation unit. METHODS 50 patients with recent ACS have been recruited. We used a 9-items questionnaire about awareness of CV risk factors and eating habits. RESULTS Many patients underestimate the role of physical activity (PA), cigarette smoking and diabetes as main CV risk factors. Although the importance of good eating habits as cardiovascular protector is well known, only few participants declare a healthy balanced diet. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed low awareness of common CV risk factors among patients with recent ACS. Individual training plans and the use of technological development to improve awareness and adherence are needed especially in high risk population.
Collapse
|
10
|
Corres P, Fryer SM, Aguirre-Betolaza AM, Gorostegi-Anduaga I, Arratibel-Imaz I, Pérez-Asenjo J, Francisco-Terreros S, Saracho R, Maldonado-Martín S. A Metabolically Healthy Profile Is a Transient Stage When Exercise and Diet Are Not Supervised: Long-Term Effects in the EXERDIET-HTA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082830. [PMID: 32326133 PMCID: PMC7216152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) is a regular state in people with primary hypertension (HTN), obesity, and who are physically inactive. To achieve and maintain a metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) state should be a main treatment goal. The aims of the study were (1) to determine differences in metabolic profiles of overweight/obese, physically inactive individuals with HTN following a 16-week (POST) supervised aerobic exercise training (SupExT) intervention with an attentional control (AC) group, and (2) to determine whether the changes observed were maintained following six months (6 M) of unsupervised time. Participants (n = 219) were randomly assigned into AC or SupExT groups. All participants underwent a hypocaloric diet. At POST, all participants received diet and physical activity advice for the following 6 M, with no supervision. All measurements were assessed pre-intervention (PRE), POST, and after 6 M. From PRE to POST, MUO participants became MHO with improved (p < 0.05) total cholesterol (TC, ∆ = -12.1 mg/dL), alanine aminotransferase (∆ = -8.3 U/L), glucose (∆ = -5.5 mg/dL), C-reactive protein (∆ = -1.4 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) compared to unhealthy optimal cut-off values. However, after 6 M, TC, glucose, and SBP returned to unhealthy values (p < 0.05). In a non-physically active population with obesity and HTN, a 16-week SupExT and diet intervention significantly improves cardiometabolic profile from MUO to MHO. However, after 6 M of no supervision, participants returned to MUO. The findings of this study highlight the need for regular, systematic, and supervised diet and exercise programs to avoid subsequent declines in cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corres
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain; (P.C.); (A.M.A.-B.); (I.G.-A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Simon M. Fryer
- School of Sport and Exercise, Oxstalls Campus, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK;
| | - Aitor Martínez Aguirre-Betolaza
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain; (P.C.); (A.M.A.-B.); (I.G.-A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Ilargi Gorostegi-Anduaga
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain; (P.C.); (A.M.A.-B.); (I.G.-A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Iñaki Arratibel-Imaz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain; (P.C.); (A.M.A.-B.); (I.G.-A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Javier Pérez-Asenjo
- Cardiology Unit, Igualatorio Médico Quirúrgico (IMQ-Amárica), 01005 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain;
| | - Silvia Francisco-Terreros
- Clinical Trials Unit, Health and Quality of Life Area, TECNALIA, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain;
| | - Ramón Saracho
- Nefrology Department, Osakidetza, Hospital University of Araba, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain;
| | - Sara Maldonado-Martín
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain; (P.C.); (A.M.A.-B.); (I.G.-A.); (I.A.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945013534; Fax: +34-945013501
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bazarbashi N, Miller M. Icosapent ethyl: drug profile and evidence of reduced residual cardiovascular risk in patients with statin-managed LDL-C cholesterol. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:175-180. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1749596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najdat Bazarbashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fermented Garlic Ameliorates Hypercholesterolemia and Inhibits Platelet Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3030967. [PMID: 31885643 PMCID: PMC6927027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3030967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol augments the lipid profile and induces the production and activation of platelets, leading to the development of atherosclerosis with detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. Ethnomedicine and Mediterranean diets are natural and cost-effective approaches against several ailments including cardiovascular diseases. In addition, fermented foods have attracted interest due to their increased nutrient profile and enhanced bioavailability and efficacy. Garlic is known to reduce cholesterol and inhibit platelet activation. Therefore, we examined whether fermented garlic could effectively ameliorate the effects of hypercholesterolemia and platelet functions in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and treated with spirulina and fermented and nonfermented preparations of garlic for one month. Platelet aggregation and granule secretion were assessed to evaluate platelet activation. Analysis of the liver and kidney weights and lipid and enzymatic profiles of the serum and whole blood analysis was performed. The expression levels of SREBP-2, ACAT-2, and HMG-CoA were assessed by RT-PCR, while ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 were assessed by real-time PCR, and histological changes in the liver and adipose tissues were analyzed. Both fermented and nonfermented garlic inhibited platelet aggregation and granule secretion; however, fermented garlic exhibited a greater inhibitory effect. In comparison with nonfermented garlic, fermented garlic significantly reduced liver weight and triglyceride concentrations. Fermented garlic also markedly abrogated the detrimental effects of steatosis on liver and adipose tissues. We conclude that fermented garlic significantly improved the lipid profile and modulated platelet functions, thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis- and platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia among Stroke Patients: Preliminary Findings. Stroke Res Treat 2019; 2019:8194960. [PMID: 31781362 PMCID: PMC6875342 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8194960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is defined as sudden or sub acute onset of focal neurologic deficit, caused by the interruption of blood flow to parts of the brain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia among stroke patients in Palestine. Materials and Methods A total of 70 patients with stroke were included in a cross-sectional study between November 2017 and February 2018. Stroke patients were diagnosed based on a CT scan reviewed by a neurologist. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to measure the lipid profile (cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triacylglycerol (TAG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL)), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. An interview-based questionnaire, included background data, past medical history, family history, and other risk factors for stroke, was filled for each patient. Results Based on our results, 28.57% of patients had high LDL, 17.1% had high cholesterol, 15.7% had high TAG and 61.3% had low HDL. About half of the patients (51.4%) had abnormal HbA1c and abnormal FBG (52.8%). The majority (67.1%) of patients were males, whereas, 11% of patients were obese (BMI of more than 30 kg/m2) and 51.4% were smokers. Regarding the family history of diseases, 81% of patients had a family history of hypertension, 50% had a family history of stroke, and 58% had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Male gender and smoking were most likely to increase the risk of stroke. Risk factors like low HDL, high LDL, high FBG, high HbA1c, and hypertension contribute substantially to the incidence of stroke. A family history of stroke, hypertension and diabetes were significant risk factors for stroke.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mild energy restriction and physical swimming activity: biochemical effects and food preference in male rats. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
15
|
Chien JW, Yang YR, Chen SY, Chang YJ, Chan CC. Urban Open Space Is Associated with Better Renal Function of Adult Residents in New Taipei City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132436. [PMID: 31323997 PMCID: PMC6651005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the association between proximity to open space and adult renal function. This was a cross-sectional study. Adult residents of Taipei metropolis were recruited in the analysis. The proximity of each subject to open space was measured using the Geographic Information System. Residents were divided into two groups: with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). We made univariable comparisons between the two groups. The logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio of CKD. Forest plot was used to examine the effect of interaction between distance to open space and subgroup variable on CKD. A total number of 21,656 subjects with mean age 53.6 years were enrolled in the study. Of the subjects, 2226 (10.28%) had CKD. The mean and standard deviation of distance to open space were 117.23 m and 80.19 m, respectively. Every 100 m distance to open space was associated with an odds ratio of 1.071 for CKD. Subgroup analysis revealed that residents of female, without hypertension, or without impaired fasting glucose (IFG) living more than 200 m from open spaces have greater odds of CKD than those living less than 200 m. Conclusions: Proximity to open space was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD among adults in Taiwan. Such association was enhanced among females and healthy adults without hypertension or impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jien-Wen Chien
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ru Yang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Chen
- Division of surgical intensive care, Department of critical care, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng X, Wang C, Gu Z, Ni J, Huang D, Feng G, Lian M, Lu Q, Song Y. Rosuvastatin Regulates Odontoblast Differentiation by Suppressing NF-κB Activation in an Inflammatory Environment. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:18-25. [PMID: 30735076 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urology and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Lian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim MH, Kim CE, Kim SW. Rosuvastatin inhibits high glucose-stimulated upregulation of VCAM-1 via the MAPK-signalling pathway in endothelial cells. Acta Cardiol 2018; 73:13-18. [PMID: 28885098 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1321908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms and effect of rosuvastatin on adhesion molecule induction in human endothelial cells under high-glucose conditions (HG). METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of rosuvastatin on vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 production and pERK phosphorylation were measured in HG-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with inhibitors targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. HG increased levels of VCAM-1. Treatment with rosuvastatin inhibited VCAM-1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, we investigated the effects of rosuvastatin on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signal pathway. Rosuvastatin completely inhibited HG-induced phosphorylation of ERK. ERK/MAPK inhibitors completely prevented the VCAM-1 inhibition effect of rosuvastatin under HG condition. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that rosuvastatin suppresses HG-induced VCAM-1 production via the MAPK signalling pathway, playing a role in the suppression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moo Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: Sex Biases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:627-642. [PMID: 30051411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors have been apparent for many decades in basic and clinical research; however, whether these are also present at the gene level and thus influence genome-wide association and genetic risk prediction studies has often been ignored. From fundamental and medical standpoints, this is critically important to assess in order to fully understand the underlying genetic architecture that predisposes to CAD and better predict disease outcomes based on the interaction between genes, sex effects, and environment. In this chapter we aimed to (1) integrate the history and latest research from genome-wide association studies for CAD and clinical and genetic risk scores for prediction of CAD, (2) highlight sex-specific differences in these areas of research, and (3) discuss reasons why sex differences have often not been considered and, where present, why sex differences exist at genetic and phenotypic levels and how important they are for consideration in future research. While we find interesting examples of sex differences in effects of genetic variants on CAD, genome-wide association and genetic risk studies have typically not tested for sex-specific effects despite mounting evidence from diverse fields that these are likely very important to consider at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. In-depth testing for sex effects in large-scale genome-wide association studies that include autosomal and often excluded sex chromosomes alongside parallel improvements in resolution of sex-specific differences for risk factors and disease outcomes for CAD has the potential to substantially improve clinical and genetic risk prediction studies. Developing sex-tailored genetic risk scores as has been done recently for other disorders might be also warranted for CAD. In the era of precision medicine, this level of accuracy is essential for such a common and costly disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gero D, Favre L, Allemann P, Fournier P, Demartines N, Suter M. Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Lipid Profile and Decreases Cardiovascular Risk: a 5-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study of 1048 Patients. Obes Surg 2017; 28:805-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Supiyev A, Nurgozhin T, Zhumadilov Z, Peasey A, Hubacek JA, Bobak M. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia in older persons in urban and rural population in the Astana region, Kazakhstan. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:651. [PMID: 28800751 PMCID: PMC5553733 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high cardiovascular mortality in Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, there is limited information about major risk factors, including blood lipids. We investigated the prevalence of impaired concentrations of blood lipids, the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia, and factors associated with these indicators in urban and rural populations in Kazakhstan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of random urban and rural population samples (the state capital Astana and Akmol village). Men and women aged 50-74 years were examined; a total of 954 adults participated (response rate 59%). Serum concentrations of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and a range of other cardiovascular risk factors were measured. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/l) was 37%; among subjects with hypercholesterolemia, 57% were aware of their condition, 41% took medication and 23% had total cholesterol <6.2 mmol/l (4.5% <5 mmol/l). The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia were all higher in the urban than the rural area. Similarly, the proportions of subjects with impaired concentrations of specific lipids fractions were also considerably higher in the urban population. Most associations with other covariates were in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS This study found relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Kazakh population, and the blood lipid profile was less favourable in the urban area. These pronounced urban-rural differences may be related to urbanization, the associated nutrition transition and to access to health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Supiyev
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Center for Life Sciences, PI National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, Kazakhstan 010000
| | - Talgat Nurgozhin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Center for Life Sciences, PI National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, Kazakhstan 010000
| | - Zhaxybay Zhumadilov
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Center for Life Sciences, PI National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana, Kazakhstan 010000
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Spivak H, Sakran N, Dicker D, Rubin M, Raz I, Shohat T, Blumenfeld O. Different effects of bariatric surgical procedures on dyslipidemia: a registry-based analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1189-1194. [PMID: 28456511 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scale and variables linked to bariatric surgery's effect on dyslipidemia have not been conclusive. OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on dyslipidemia SETTING: National bariatric surgery registry. METHODS Plasma lipids and associated variables were compared at baseline and 1 year (12±4 mo) after surgery for registry patients with dyslipidemia enrolled from June 2013 to August 2014. RESULTS The greatest mean total-cholesterol (TC) reduction was observed post-RYGB, 226.7±26.4 to 181.3±30.9 mg/dL (19.9%, n = 208), followed by post-SG, 227.9±24.4 to 206.7±34.2 mg/dL (8.9%, n = 1515; P<.001). Normal TC levels of below 200 mg/dL were achieved by 76% post-RYGB patients compared with 43.5% post-SG patients (odds ratio [OR] = 6.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.69-10.53) and 25.6% post-LABG patients (OR = 9.66, 95% CI: 4.11-22.67; P<.01). Although equivalent patterns were observed for low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), the levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were most improved post-SG, reaching normal levels in 58.1% of SG male patients versus 39.5% of RYGB male patients (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.35), (P = .02). The lowering of triglyceride levels by approximately 75% was comparable after SG and RYGB procedures. The type of surgery was the strongest independent predictor for all lipid level improvements or remissions. Male sex was an independent predictor for LDL normalization only (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.24-2.85). Excess weight loss offered no meaningful prediction for lipid improvement (OR = 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSION Particular types of bariatric surgeries had different effects on dyslipidemia, independent of weight loss. Overall, the RYGB achieved the biggest reduction in plasma lipids (TC and LDL), although SG did affect HDL. Our results could aid in the decision-making process regarding the most appropriate procedure for patients with dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Spivak
- Department of Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Rama-Gan, Israel; Department of Surgery, Herzliya Medical Center, Herzliya, Israel.
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Department of Surgery A, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; affiliated with the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Medicine, Hasharon Hospital-Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel; affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Moshe Rubin
- Department of Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Rama-Gan, Israel; Department of Surgery, Herzliya Medical Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Blumenfeld
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chan SL, Tham MY, Tan SH, Loke C, Foo B, Fan Y, Ang PS, Brunham LR, Sung C. Development and validation of algorithms for the detection of statin myopathy signals from electronic medical records. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:667-674. [PMID: 27706800 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate sensitive algorithms to detect hospitalized statin-induced myopathy (SIM) cases from electronic medical records (EMRs). We developed four algorithms on a training set of 31,211 patient records from a large tertiary hospital. We determined the performance of these algorithms against manually curated records. The best algorithm used a combination of elevated creatine kinase (>4× the upper limit of normal (ULN)), discharge summary, diagnosis, and absence of statin in discharge medications. This algorithm achieved a positive predictive value of 52-71% and a sensitivity of 72-78% on two validation sets of >30,000 records each. Using this algorithm, the incidence of SIM was estimated at 0.18%. This algorithm captured three times more rhabdomyolysis cases than spontaneous reports (95% vs. 30% of manually curated gold standard cases). Our results show the potential power of utilizing data and text mining of EMRs to enhance pharmacovigilance activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Chan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - M Y Tham
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - S H Tan
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - C Loke
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Bpq Foo
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Y Fan
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - P S Ang
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - L R Brunham
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Center for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Sung
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels on the Risk of Developing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia. Am J Med 2016; 129:1060-6. [PMID: 27288861 PMCID: PMC5039056 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cardiorespiratory fitness has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular-related morbidity. However, research about the impact of fitness on lipid abnormalities, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, has produced mixed results. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the influence of baseline fitness and changes in fitness on the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia. METHODS All participants completed at least 3 comprehensive medical examinations performed by a physician that included a maximal treadmill test between 1976 and 2006 at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was defined as a triad of lipid abnormalities: low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ([HDL-C] <40 mg/dL), high triglycerides ([TGs] ≥200 mg/dL), and high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ([LDL-C] ≥160 mg/dL). RESULTS A total of 193 participants developed atherogenic dyslipidemia during an average of 8.85 years of follow-up. High baseline fitness was protective against the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia in comparison with those with low fitness (odds ratio [OR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.89); however, this relationship became nonsignificant after controlling for baseline HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG levels. Participants who maintained fitness over time had lower odds of developing atherogenic dyslipidemia than those with a reduction in fitness (OR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.91) after adjusting for baseline confounders and changes in known risk factors. CONCLUSIONS High fitness at baseline and maintenance of fitness over time are protective against the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Collapse
|
25
|
Diniz DLDO, Barreto PR, Bruin PFCD, Bruin VMSD. Wake-up stroke: Clinical characteristics, sedentary lifestyle, and daytime sleepiness. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:628-634. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.07.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Objective: Wake-up stroke (WUS) is defined when the exact time of the beginning of the symptoms cannot be determined, for the deficits are perceived upon awakening. Sleep alterations are important risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluates the characteristics of patients with and without WUS, the presence of daytime sleepiness, and associated risk factors. Method: Patients with ischemic stroke were investigated about the presence of WUS. Clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated. Stroke severity was studied by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), and daytime sleepiness severity was studied by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results: Seventy patients (57.1% men) aged from 32 to 80 years (58.5±13.3) were studied. WUS was observed in 24.3%. Arterial hypertension (67.1%), type 2 diabetes (27.1%), and hyperlipidemia (22.8%) were frequent. Type 2 diabetes and sedentary lifestyle were more common in patients with WUS (p<0.05). Overall, mild, moderate or very few symptoms of stroke (NIHSS<5) were predominant (62.3%). Among all cases, 20% had excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS>10). No differences were found between patients with and without WUS as regards stroke severity or excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with excessive daytime sleepiness were younger and had more sedentary lifestyle (p<0.05). Individuals with previous history of heavy drinking had more daytime sleepiness (p=0.03). Conclusion: Wake-up stroke occurs in approximately 25% of stroke cases. In this study, patients with WUS had more diabetes and sedentary lifestyle. Daytime sleepiness is frequent and is associated with sedentary lifestyle and heavy drinking.
Collapse
|
26
|
Crouse SF, Green JS, Meade TH, Smith DR, Smith SB. Exercise raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men after consumption of ground beef with a high but not low monounsaturated fatty acid-saturated fatty acid ratio. Nutr Res 2016; 36:974-981. [PMID: 27632917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and diets with higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA):saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios are independently linked to improved blood lipid profiles, yet interactive effects in men have not been studied. We hypothesized that dietary ground beef with a high MUFA:SFA ratio (HR = 1.1) would augment the beneficial changes in the lipid profile induced by exercise compared to dietary ground beef with a lower MUFA:SFA ratio (LR = 0.71). Untrained men (n = 13, age = 35 ± 12 y, weight = 91.4 ± 14.2 kg, body mass index = 27.8 ± 3.3kg/m(2)) consumed 5 HR or LR 114 g ground beef patties weekly for 5 weeks (random order) interspersed with a 4-week self-selected (SS) washout diet. One session of exercise (70% VO2max, 1675 kJ) was completed at the end of HR and LR diets, and again after a 5-week SS diet. Diets and physical activity were otherwise not controlled. Fasting blood samples for lipid and lipoprotein analyses were obtained 30 min before and 24 h after exercise. Subjects reported no other changes in diets or physical activity patterns, and body weight and body mass index did not change over the study duration. Diet (3) × Exercise Time (2) repeated measures analysis of variance (α = .05) and follow-up analyses revealed that blood concentrations (mmol/L ± SD) of total cholesterol (5.07 ± 1.16 to 5.73 ± 1.36), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.19 ± 0.20 to 1.36 ± 0.29), HDL2-C (0.24 ± 0.08 to 0.28 ± 0.11), HDL3-C (0.94 ± 0.14 to 1.08 ± 0.20), and non-HDL-C (3.88 ± 1.24 to 4.37 ± 1.38) were significantly elevated with exercise after the HR beef diet, but not after LR and SS diets. Thus, in healthy, untrained men the dietary beef MUFA:SFA ratio affects the blood lipid response to a single session of aerobic exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Crouse
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
| | - John S Green
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu H, Germanov AV, Goryaeva GL, Yachmenev AN, Gordienko DI, Kuzin VV, Skoroglyadov AV. The Topical Application of Rosuvastatin in Preventing Knee Intra-Articular Adhesion in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1403-9. [PMID: 27115197 PMCID: PMC4913821 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-articular adhesion is one of the common complications of post knee surgery and injury. The formation of joint adhesion can lead to serious dysfunction. Rosuvastatin (ROS) is a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, with multiple biological effects. In our study, the object was to evaluate the effectiveness of ROS in the prevention of post-operative knee adhesion in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Femoral condyle exposing surgery was performed on 45 healthy Sprague Dawley rats. Gelatin sponges soaked with 20 mg/kg of ROS, 10 mg/kg of ROS, or saline were used to cover the surgical site. The post-operative knee joints were fixed in a flexed position with micro Kirschner wires for four weeks. ROS effectiveness for treating intra-articular adhesion was determined with visual score evaluation, hydroxyproline content, histological analyses, immunohistochemistry, and inflammatory and vascular endothelial growth factors expression. RESULTS The animals' recovery was stable after surgery. The hydroxyproline content, visual score, and inflammatory vascular growth factors expression levels suggested that, compared with the control group, the ROS treatment groups showed better outcomes. ROS prevented joint adhesion formation, collagen deposition, and vascularization at the surgical site, and also inhibited inflammatory activity post-operatively. Compared with the 10 mg/kg ROS group, the 20 mg/kg ROS group showed significantly better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The local application of ROS reduced intra-articular adhesion formation, collagen deposition, and vascularization at the surgical site, and inhibited inflammatory activity post-operatively. These results suggested optimal concentration of ROS to be 20 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Germanov
- Department of Traumatology Orthopaedics, 1 Clinical City Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina L Goryaeva
- Department of Surgery, The Thrity-One City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Yachmenev
- Department of Traumatology Orthopaedics, Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy I Gordienko
- Department of Traumatology Orthopaedics, 1 Clinical City Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor V Kuzin
- Department of Traumatology Orthopaedics, 1 Clinical City Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Skoroglyadov
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Herrera Chalé F, Ruiz Ruiz JC, Betancur Ancona D, Acevedo Fernández JJ, Segura Campos MR. The hypolipidemic effect and antithrombotic activity of Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates. Food Funct 2016; 7:434-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysates and peptide fractions (PF) obtained fromM. pruriensprotein concentrates with commercial and digestive enzymatic systems were studied for their hypolipidemic and antithrombotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Herrera Chalé
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Periférico Norte Km. 33.5
- 97203 Mérida
- México
| | - Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química-Bioquímica
- Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida. Av. Tecnológico Km 4.5 S/N
- C.P. 97118. Mérida
- México
| | - David Betancur Ancona
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Periférico Norte Km. 33.5
- 97203 Mérida
- México
| | - Juan José Acevedo Fernández
- Facultad de Medicina
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Calle Iztaccihuátl Esq. Leñeros S/N
- 62350 Cuernavaca
- Morelos
| | - Maira Rubi Segura Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Periférico Norte Km. 33.5
- 97203 Mérida
- México
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aslani Z, Mirmiran P, Alipur B, Bahadoran Z, Abbassalizade Farhangi M. Lentil Sprouts Effect On Serum Lipids of Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Health Promot Perspect 2015; 5:215-24. [PMID: 26634200 PMCID: PMC4667261 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2015.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine the effect of lentil sprouts [LS] on lipid profiles in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Forty- eight overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients, September and November2013, 30-65 years, participated in this clinical trial and randomly divided into two groups; LS group and controls. Patients in control group received conventional drug therapy, while patients in LS group received 60 g LS daily during 8 weeks along with routine medication. Significant differences among and between the groups were determined by independent t-test and paired sample t-test using SPSS software. The patients were blinded for the treatment. In this trial the effect of LS on serum lipid profiles were inves-tigated.
Results: Thirty-nine patients completed the study. After 8 weeks, serum levels of HDL-C was higher in the LS group compared to control group (48.3 ±1.9 vs.
42.8±1.7, P<0.03). TG and ox-LDL were lower in the LS group compared to controls [(127±13.4 vs. 170±
12.4.P<0.01) and (83.3±29.1 vs. 98.7±28.2.P<0.6)].
Conclusions:
LS consumption could have favorable effect on serum lipid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aslani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beitollah Alipur
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jacobson TA, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Jones PH, Kris-Etherton P, Sikand G, La Forge R, Daniels SR, Wilson DP, Morris PB, Wild RA, Grundy SM, Daviglus M, Ferdinand KC, Vijayaraghavan K, Deedwania PC, Aberg JA, Liao KP, McKenney JM, Ross JL, Braun LT, Ito MK, Bays HE, Brown WV. National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:S1-122.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
31
|
Can the AHA-ACC ASCVD risk score be applied outside the United States in Korea? Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:560-2. [PMID: 26318105 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Deek H, Newton P, Inglis S, Kabbani S, Noureddine S, Macdonald PS, Davidson PM. Heart health in Lebanon and considerations for addressing the burden of cardiovascular disease. Collegian 2015; 22:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Predictors Associated With Changes of Weight and Total Cholesterol Among Two Occupational Cohorts Over 10 Years. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57:743-50. [PMID: 26147542 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain worker health characteristics and psychosocial factors associated with changes in body weight and total cholesterol (TC) among two production operation populations. METHODS We performed descriptive and predictive analysis of questionnaire data and biomedical measurements from two prospective cohort studies. Our key outcomes were changes in weight, and TC over 5 to 10 years between baseline and exit assessments. RESULTS A total of 146 subjects were analyzed. Increases in weight were associated with belief in being overweight and baseline overweight and obesity. Increases in TC levels were associated with female sex, belief that TC levels were "not good," and feeling depressed. CONCLUSIONS Most of the reported associations with increases in weight and TC levels are amenable to interventions and may be a target for workplace intervention programs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gordon B, Chen S, Durstine JL. The effects of exercise training on the traditional lipid profile and beyond. Curr Sports Med Rep 2015; 13:253-9. [PMID: 25014391 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information regarding the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the traditional blood lipid and lipoprotein profile. In addition, emerging coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, such as postprandial lipemia (PPL) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), are reviewed. Numerous studies report that aerobic exercise combined with weight loss significantly reduces blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) while improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Both aerobic and resistance training demonstrated a reduction in non-HDL-C independent of changes in body weight. Transient beneficial effects of a single session of aerobic exercise are observed for PPL. Nonetheless further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms for reducing PPL. Exercise as an intervention for patients with MetS leads to improved CAD risk factors including atherogenic dyslipidemia, blood pressure, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and fat metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gordon
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of Statin versus the Combination of Ezetimibe plus Statin on Serum Lipid Absorption Markers in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015:109158. [PMID: 25815213 PMCID: PMC4359845 DOI: 10.1155/2015/109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The use of statins is essential for aggressive lipid-lowering treatment in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with dyslipidemia. Recently, elevation of sitosterol, a lipid absorption marker, was reported to be associated with premature atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of ezetimibe, a selective intestinal cholesterol transporter inhibitor, in ACS patients. Methods. A total of 197 ACS patients were randomized to pitavastatin + ezetimibe (n = 100) or pitavastatin (n = 97). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and sitosterol levels were evaluated on admission and after 12 weeks. Results. After 12 weeks, the pitavastatin + ezetimibe group showed a significantly greater decrease of sitosterol (baseline versus after 12 weeks; 2.9 ± 2.5 versus 1.7 ± 1.0 ng/mL, P < 0.001) than the pitavastatin group (2.7 ± 1.5 versus 3.0 ± 1.4 ng/mL). The baseline sitosterol level was significantly higher in patients with achieved LDL-C levels ≥ 70 mg/dL than in patients with levels < 70 mg/dL (3.2 ± 2.5 versus 2.4 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Conclusions. Ezetimibe plus statin therapy in ACS patients with dyslipidemia decreased LDL-C and sitosterol levels more than statin therapy solo. Sitosterol Elevation was a predictor of poor response to aggressive lipid-lowering treatment in ACS patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gürer B, Kahveci R, Gökçe EC, Ozevren H, Turkoglu E, Gökçe A. Evaluation of topical application and systemic administration of rosuvastatin in preventing epidural fibrosis in rats. Spine J 2015; 15:522-9. [PMID: 25452015 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Epidural fibrosis is a major challenge in spine surgery, with some patients having recurrent symptoms secondary to excessive formation of scar tissue resulting in neurologic compression. One of the most important factors initiating the epidural fibrosis is assumed to be the transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β). Rosuvastatin (ROS) has shown to demonstrate preventive effects over fibrosis via inhibiting the TGF-1β. PURPOSE We hypothesized that ROS might have preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-1β pathways. STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. METHODS Forty-eight adult male Wistar Albino rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups (laminectomy, spongostan, topical ROS, and systemic ROS). Laminectomy was performed at the L3 level in all rats. Four weeks later, the extent of epidural fibrosis was assessed both macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS Our data revealed that topical application and systemic administration of ROS both were effective in reducing epidural fibrosis formation. Furthermore, the systemic administration of ROS yielded better results than topical application. CONCLUSIONS Both topical application and systemic administration of ROS show meaningful preventive effects over epidural fibrosis through multiple mechanisms. The results of our study provide the first experimental evidence of the preventive effects of ROS over epidural fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, 34752, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Kahveci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Kirikkale Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Baglarbasi mh. Lokman Hekim cd., Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Emre Cemal Gökçe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ayvali mh., Gazze cd., No:7 Etlik, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ozevren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Kirikkale Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Baglarbasi mh. Lokman Hekim cd., Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Erhan Turkoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Irfan Bastug cd., Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gökçe
- Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Irfan Bastug cd., Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
DeFilippis AP, Young R, Carrubba CJ, McEvoy JW, Budoff MJ, Blumenthal RS, Kronmal RA, McClelland RL, Nasir K, Blaha MJ. An analysis of calibration and discrimination among multiple cardiovascular risk scores in a modern multiethnic cohort. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162:266-75. [PMID: 25686167 PMCID: PMC4414494 DOI: 10.7326/m14-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate risk assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is essential to effectively balance the risks and benefits of therapy for primary prevention. OBJECTIVE To compare the calibration and discrimination of the new American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) ASCVD risk score with alternative risk scores and to explore preventive therapy as a cause of the reported risk overestimation using the AHA-ACC-ASCVD score. DESIGN Prospective epidemiologic study of ASCVD. SETTING MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a community-based, sex-balanced, multiethnic cohort. PATIENTS 4227 MESA participants aged 50 to 74 years and without diabetes at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Observed and expected events for the AHA-ACC-ASCVD score were compared with 4 commonly used risk scores-and their respective end points-in MESA after a 10.2-year follow-up. RESULTS The new AHA-ACC-ASCVD and 3 older Framingham-based risk scores overestimated cardiovascular events by 37% to 154% in men and 8% to 67% in women. Overestimation was noted throughout the continuum of risk. In contrast, the Reynolds Risk Score overestimated risk by 9% in men but underestimated risk by 21% in women. Aspirin, lipid-lowering or antihypertensive therapy, and interim revascularization did not explain the overestimation. LIMITATION Comparability of MESA with target populations for primary prevention and possibility of missed events in MESA. CONCLUSION Of the 5 risk scores, 4, including the new AHA-ACC-ASCVD score, showed overestimation of risk (25% to 115%) in a modern, multiethnic cohort without baseline clinical ASCVD. If validated, overestimation of ASCVD risk may have substantial implications for individual patients and the health care system. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. DeFilippis
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Rebekah Young
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Christopher J. Carrubba
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - John W. McEvoy
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Richard A. Kronmal
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Robyn L. McClelland
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Khurram Nasir
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- From the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Johns Hopkins Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; and Baptist Medical Group, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghoshal K, Bhattacharyya M. Adiponectin: Probe of the molecular paradigm associating diabetes and obesity. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:151-166. [PMID: 25685286 PMCID: PMC4317307 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is an emerging health challenge all over the world as a result of urbanization, high prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and other stress related factors compounded with the genetic prevalence. The health consequences and economic burden of the obesity and related diabetes mellitus epidemic are enormous. Different signaling molecules secreted by adipocytes have been implicated in the development of obesity and associated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Human adiponectin, a 244-amino acid collagen-like protein is solely secreted by adipocytes and acts as a hormone with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Adiponectin secretion, in contrast to secretion of other adipokines, is paradoxically decreased in obesity which may be attributable to inhibition of adiponectin gene transcription. There are several mechanisms through which adiponectin may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes, including suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver, stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and stimulation of insulin secretion. To date, no systematic review has been conducted that evaluate the potential importance of adiponectin metabolism in insulin resistance. In this review attempt has been made to explore the relevance of adiponectin metabolism for the development of diabetes mellitus. This article also identifies this novel target for prospective therapeutic research aiming successful management of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
39
|
Relation between birth weight, growth, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:926912. [PMID: 25648854 PMCID: PMC4310315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Adverse conditions in the prenatal environment and in the first years of life are independently associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to study the relation between birthweight, growth in the first year of life, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults. Methods. 88 adults aged between 20 and 31 were submitted to sociodemographic qualities, anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, metabolic profile, and evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results. Birthweight <2,500 grams (g) was negatively correlated with (a) increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), according to regression coefficient (RC) equal to −0.323, 95% CI [−0.571, −0.075] P < 0.05; (b) diastolic blood pressure (RC = −4.744, 95% CI [−9.017, −0.470] P < 0.05); (c) low HDL-cholesterol (RC = −0.272, 95% CI [−0.516, −0.029] P < 0.05); (d) frequency of intima-media thickness (IMT) of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.242, 95% CI [−0.476, −0.008] P < 0.05). Birthweight >3,500 g was associated with (a) BMI >25.0 kg/m2, (RC = 0.317, 95% CI [0.782, 0.557] P < 0.05); (b) increased waist circumference (RC = 0.284, 95% CI [0.054, 0.513] P < 0.05); (c) elevated WHR (RC = 0.280, 95% CI [0.054, 0.505] P < 0.05); (d) minimum subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (RC = 4.354, 95% CI [0.821, 7.888] P < 0.05); (e) maximum SAT (RC = 7.095, 95% CI [0.608, 13.583] P < 0.05); (f) right lobe of the liver side (RC = 6.896, 95% CI [1.946, 11.847] P < 0.001); (g) frequency's right lobe of the liver >75th percentile (RC = 0.361, 95% CI [0.169, 0.552] P < 0.001). Weight gain in the first year of life was inversely correlated with (a) mean IMT of left carotid (RC = −0.046, 95% CI [−0.086, −0.006] P < 0.05; (b) frequency IMT of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.253, 95% CI [−0.487, −0.018] P < 0.05); (c) mean IMT (RC = −0.038, 95% CI [0.073, −0.002] P < 0.05); (d) the frequency of the mean IMT >75th percentile (RC = −0.241, 95% CI [−0.442, −0.041] P < 0.05). Conclusions. Adults birthweight <2,500 g and >3,500 g and with insufficient weight gain in the first year of life have showed different metabolic phenotypes, but all of them were related to subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Effects of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:151-60. [PMID: 25628725 PMCID: PMC4306702 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng and its extracts have been used as traditional medicines and functional foods in countries worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the bioavailability of pectin lyase-modified red ginseng extracts (GS-E3D), and the effects of GS-E3D on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as on metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver in high-fat diet fed obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups: normal diet group, high fat diet-vehicle group, high fat diet + 0.1 g/kg GS-E3D (0.1-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 0.3 g/kg (0.3-GS-E3D), high fat diet + 1.0 g/kg (1.0-GS-E3D). Treatment of GS-E3D reduced differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with low cytotoxicity. In the animal model, compared to the high fat diet control, serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG, and leptin level were reduced in treatment animals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that GS-E3D could decrease total hepatic lipid droplets. These results suggest that GS-E3D, as a dietary supplement, has beneficial effects on obesity and may have useful effects in health-care products.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sorace P, Ronai P, Churilla JR. RESISTANCE TRAINING AND METABOLIC SYNDROME. ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Schwellnus MP, Patel DN, Nossel C, Dreyer M, Whitesman S, Derman EW. Healthy lifestyle interventions in general practice Part 8: Lifestyle and dyslipidaemia. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2009.10873903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
43
|
Comparison of the Lipid-Lowering Effects of Pitavastatin 4 mg Versus Pravastatin 40 mg in Adults With Primary Hyperlipidemia or Mixed (Combined) Dyslipidemia: A Phase IV, Prospective, US, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Superiority Trial. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1211-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Kahveci R, Gökçe EC, Gürer B, Gökçe A, Kisa U, Cemil DB, Sargon MF, Kahveci FO, Aksoy N, Erdoğan B. Neuroprotective effects of rosuvastatin against traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:45-54. [PMID: 25084223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin, which is a potent statin, has never been studied in traumatic spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rosuvastatin treatment could protect the spinal cord after experimental spinal cord injury. Rats were randomized into the following five groups of eight animals each: control, sham, trauma, rosuvastatin, and methylprednisolone. In the control group, no surgical intervention was performed. In the sham group, only laminectomy was performed. In all the other groups, the spinal cord trauma model was created by the occlusion of the spinal cord with an aneurysm clip. In the spinal cord tissue, caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide levels, and superoxide dismutase levels were analyzed. Histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations were also performed. Neurological evaluation was performed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined-plane test.After traumatic spinal cord injury, increases in caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels were detected. In contrast, the superoxide dismutase levels were decreased. After the administration of rosuvastatin, decreases were observed in the tissue caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and nitric oxide levels. In contrast, tissue superoxide dismutase levels were increased. Furthermore, rosuvastatin treatment showed improved results concerning the histopathological scores, the ultrastructural score and the functional tests. Biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural analysis and functional tests revealed that rosuvastatin exhibits meaningful neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Kahveci
- Ministry of Health, Kirikkale Yüksek İhtisas Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Emre Cemal Gökçe
- Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Ministry of Health, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Beyin Cerrahi Servisi, 34752 Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Gökçe
- Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uçler Kisa
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Duran Berker Cemil
- Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozan Kahveci
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nurkan Aksoy
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bülent Erdoğan
- Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is defined as elevated fasting blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), and its primary lipoprotein carrier—low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), or reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alone, or in combination (mixed dyslipidemia). Dyslipidemia is well known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. All patients with dyslipidemia should initiate therapeutic lifestyle changes to target lifestyle-related factors such as physical inactivity, dietary habits, and obesity. The combination of a proper dietary plan and regular aerobic exercise has been reported to lower TC, LDL-C, and TG by 7% to 18%, while increasing HDL-C by 2% to 18%. Numerous pharmacological therapies are available and aggressive therapy using a HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase) inhibitor (statins) should be initiated if lifestyle therapy is not enough to achieve optimal lipid levels with a primary target of lowering LDL-C levels. Aggressive treatment of dyslipidemia with maximal dosage of statin drugs have been reported to reduce LDL-C by 30% to 60%. If mixed dyslipidemia is present, a combination therapy with statin, niacin, cholestyramine, or fibrates should be initiated to reduce the risk of CVD events. These strategies have been shown to reduce CVD risk and optimize LDL-C levels in primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf G. Bronas
- School of Nursing (UGB), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- School of Kinesiology (DS), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dereck Salisbury
- School of Nursing (UGB), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- School of Kinesiology (DS), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kell KP, Cardel MI, Bohan Brown MM, Fernández JR. Added sugars in the diet are positively associated with diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides in children. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:46-52. [PMID: 24717340 PMCID: PMC4144113 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and dyslipidemia have traditionally been associated with dietary sodium and fat intakes, respectively; however, they have recently been associated with the consumption of added sugars in adults and older adolescents, but there is no clear indication of how early in the life span this association manifests. OBJECTIVE This study explored the cross-sectional association between added sugar (sugars not naturally occurring in foods) consumption in children, blood pressure (BP), and fasting blood lipids [triglycerides and total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol]. DESIGN BP, blood lipids, and dietary intakes were obtained in a multiethnic pediatric sample aged 7-12 y of 122 European American (EA), 106 African American (AA), 84 Hispanic American (HA), and 8 mixed-race children participating in the Admixture Mapping of Ethnic and Racial Insulin Complex Outcomes (AMERICO) study-a cross-sectional study conducted in the Birmingham, AL, metro area investigating the effects of racial-ethnic differences on metabolic and health outcomes. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relations of added sugars and sodium intakes with BP and of added sugars and dietary fat intakes with blood lipids. Models were controlled for sex, race-ethnicity, socioeconomic status, Tanner pubertal status, percentage body fat, physical activity, and total energy intake. RESULTS Added sugars were positively associated with diastolic BP (P = 0.0462, β = 0.0206) and serum triglycerides (P = 0.0206, β = 0.1090). Sodium was not significantly associated with either measure of BP nor was dietary fat with blood lipids. HA children had higher triglycerides but lower added sugar consumption than did either the AA or EA children. The AA participants had higher BP and HDL but lower triglycerides than did either the EA or HA children. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that increased consumption of added sugars may be associated with adverse cardiovascular health factors in children, specifically elevated diastolic BP and triglycerides. Identification of dietary factors influencing cardiovascular health during childhood could serve as a tool to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00726778.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Kell
- From the Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, and the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (KPK, MMBB, and JRF), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, and the Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (MIC)
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- From the Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, and the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (KPK, MMBB, and JRF), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, and the Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (MIC)
| | - Michelle M Bohan Brown
- From the Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, and the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (KPK, MMBB, and JRF), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, and the Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (MIC)
| | - José R Fernández
- From the Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, and the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (KPK, MMBB, and JRF), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, and the Department of Pediatrics/Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (MIC)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Franklin BA, Durstine JL, Roberts CK, Barnard RJ. Impact of diet and exercise on lipid management in the modern era. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:405-21. [PMID: 24840267 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, many patients as well as the medical community, continue to rely on coronary revascularization procedures and cardioprotective medications as a first-line strategy to stabilize or favorably modify established risk factors and the course of coronary artery disease. However, these therapies do not address the root of the problem, that is, the most proximal risk factors for heart disease, including unhealthy dietary practices, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking. We argue that more emphasis must be placed on novel approaches to embrace current primary and secondary prevention guidelines, which requires attacking conventional risk factors and their underlying environmental causes. The impact of lifestyle on the risk of cardiovascular disease has been well established in clinical trials, but these results are often overlooked and underemphasized. Considerable data also strongly support the role of lifestyle intervention to improve glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as physical inactivity and/or low aerobic fitness. Accordingly, intensive diet and exercise interventions can be highly effective in facilitating coronary risk reduction, complementing and enhancing medications, and in some instances, even outperforming drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
| | | | - Christian K Roberts
- Exercise and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R James Barnard
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chromium picolinate inhibits cholesterol-induced stimulation of platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:291-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
49
|
Sher T, Braun L, Domas A, Bellg A, Baucom DH, Houle TT. The partners for life program: a couples approach to cardiac risk reduction. FAMILY PROCESS 2014; 53:131-49. [PMID: 24495204 PMCID: PMC3959575 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality are reliably lower for the married compared with the unmarried across a variety of illnesses. What is less well understood is how a couple uses their relationship for recommended lifestyle changes associated with decreased risk for illness. Partners for Life compared a patient and partner approach to behavior change with a patient only approach on such factors as exercise, nutrition, and medication adherence. Ninety-three patients and their spouses/partners consented to participate (26% of those eligible) and were randomized into either the individual or couples condition. However, only 80 couples, distributed across conditions, contributed data to the analyses, due to missing data and missing data points. For exercise, there was a significant effect of couples treatment on the increase in activity and a significant effect of couples treatment on the acceleration of treatment over time. In addition, there was an interaction between marital satisfaction and treatment condition such that patients who reported higher levels of marital distress in the individuals condition did not maintain their physical activity gains by the end of treatment, while both distressed and nondistressed patients in the couples treatment exhibited accelerating gains throughout treatment. In terms of medication adherence, patients in the couples treatment exhibited virtually no change in medication adherence over time, while patients in the individuals treatment showed a 9% relative decrease across time. There were no condition or time effects for nutritional outcomes. Finally, there was an interaction between baseline marital satisfaction and treatment condition such that patients in the individuals condition who reported lower levels of initial marital satisfaction showed deterioration in marital satisfaction, while non satisfied patients in the couples treatment showed improvement over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sher
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kaess BM, Jóźwiak J, Nelson CP, Lukas W, Mastej M, Windak A, Tomasik T, Grzeszczak W, Tykarski A, Gąsowski J, Ślęzak-Prochazka I, Ślęzak A, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Thompson JR, Samani NJ, Tomaszewski M. The relation of rapid changes in obesity measures to lipid profile - insights from a nationwide metabolic health survey in 444 Polish cities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86837. [PMID: 24497983 PMCID: PMC3908946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The impact of fast changes in obesity indices on other measures of metabolic health is poorly defined in the general population. Using the Polish accession to the European Union as a model of political and social transformation we examined how an expected rapid increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference relates to changes in lipid profile, both at the population and personal level. Methods Through primary care centres in 444 Polish cities, two cross-sectional nationwide population-based surveys (LIPIDOGRAM 2004 and LIPIDOGRAM 2006) examined 15,404 and 15,453 adult individuals in 2004 and 2006, respectively. A separate prospective sample of 1,840 individuals recruited in 2004 had a follow-up in 2006 (LIPIDOGRAM PLUS). Results Two years after Polish accession to European Union, mean population BMI and waist circumference increased by 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. This tracked with a 7.6% drop in HDL-cholesterol and a 2.1% increase in triglycerides (all p<0.001) nationwide. The direction and magnitude of the population changes were replicated at the personal level in LIPIDOGRAM PLUS (0.7%, 0.3%, 8.6% and 1.8%, respectively). However, increases in BMI and waist circumference were both only weakly associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides changes prospectively. The relation of BMI to the magnitude of change in both lipid fractions was comparable to that of waist circumference. Conclusions Moderate changes in obesity measures tracked with a significant deterioration in measures of pro-atherogenic dyslipidaemia at both personal and population level. These associations were predominantly driven by factors not measureable directly through either BMI or waist circumference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard M. Kaess
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Public Health, Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
- Silesian Analytical Laboratories, Katowice, Poland
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- The NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Witold Lukas
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertension, Vascular Diseases, and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gąsowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Ślęzak
- Department of Public Health, Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Thompson
- The NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- The NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- The NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|