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Jolfayi AG, Kohansal E, Ghasemi S, Naderi N, Hesami M, MozafaryBazargany M, Moghadam MH, Fazelifar AF, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. Exploring TTN variants as genetic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis and potential emerging clues to molecular mechanisms in cardiomyopathies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5313. [PMID: 38438525 PMCID: PMC10912352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant protein titin (TTN) is a sarcomeric protein that forms the myofibrillar backbone for the components of the contractile machinery which plays a crucial role in muscle disorders and cardiomyopathies. Diagnosing TTN pathogenic variants has important implications for patient management and genetic counseling. Genetic testing for TTN variants can help identify individuals at risk for developing cardiomyopathies, allowing for early intervention and personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, identifying TTN variants can inform prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. Deciphering the intricate genotype-phenotype correlations between TTN variants and their pathologic traits in cardiomyopathies is imperative for gene-based diagnosis, risk assessment, and personalized clinical management. With the increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a high number of variants in the TTN gene have been detected in patients with cardiomyopathies. However, not all TTN variants detected in cardiomyopathy cohorts can be assumed to be disease-causing. The interpretation of TTN variants remains challenging due to high background population variation. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively summarize current evidence on TTN variants identified in published cardiomyopathy studies and determine which specific variants are likely pathogenic contributors to cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Kohansal
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serwa Ghasemi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hosseini Moghadam
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Farjam Fazelifar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cardiac-Specific Expression of Cre Recombinase Leads to Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Tumor-like Growth of Atrial Cardiomyocyte and Ventricular Fibrosis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043094. [PMID: 36834504 PMCID: PMC9962429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase driven by a specific promoter is normally used to conditionally knockout a gene in a tissue- or cell-type-specific manner. In αMHC-Cre transgenic mouse model, expression of Cre recombinase is controlled by the myocardial-specific α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC) promoter, which is commonly used to edit myocardial-specific genes. Toxic effects of Cre expression have been reported, including intro-chromosome rearrangements, micronuclei formation and other forms of DNA damage, and cardiomyopathy was observed in cardiac-specific Cre transgenic mice. However, mechanisms associated with Cardiotoxicity of Cre remain poorly understood. In our study, our data unveiled that αMHC-Cre mice developed arrhythmias and died after six months progressively, and none of them survived more than one year. Histopathological examination showed that αMHC-Cre mice had aberrant proliferation of tumor-like tissue in the atrial chamber extended from and vacuolation of ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, the αMHC-Cre mice developed severe cardiac interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, accompanied by significant increase of expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cardiac atrium and ventricular. Moreover, cardiac-specific expression of Cre led to disintegration of the intercalated disc, along with altered proteins expression of the disc and calcium-handling abnormality. Comprehensively, we identified that the ferroptosis signaling pathway is involved in heart failure caused by cardiac-specific expression of Cre, on which oxidative stress results in cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation of lipid peroxidation on the myocardial cell membrane. Taken together, these results revealed that cardiac-specific expression of Cre recombinase can lead to atrial mesenchymal tumor-like growth in the mice, which causes cardiac dysfunction, including cardiac fibrosis, reduction of the intercalated disc and cardiomyocytes ferroptosis at the age older than six months in mice. Our study suggests that αMHC-Cre mouse models are effective in young mice, but not in old mice. Researchers need to be particularly careful when using αMHC-Cre mouse model to interpret those phenotypic impacts of gene responses. As the Cre-associated cardiac pathology matched mostly to that of the patients, the model could also be employed for investigating age-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Actin-microtubule cytoskeletal interplay mediated by MRTF-A/SRF signaling promotes dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7886. [PMID: 36550158 PMCID: PMC9780334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause dilated cardiomyopathy associated with increased activity of ERK1/2 in the heart. We recently showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylates cofilin-1 on threonine 25 (phospho(T25)-cofilin-1) that in turn disassembles the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show that in muscle cells carrying a cardiomyopathy-causing LMNA mutation, phospho(T25)-cofilin-1 binds to myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in the cytoplasm, thus preventing the stimulation of serum response factor (SRF) in the nucleus. Inhibiting the MRTF-A/SRF axis leads to decreased α-tubulin acetylation by reducing the expression of ATAT1 gene encoding α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1. Hence, tubulin acetylation is decreased in cardiomyocytes derived from male patients with LMNA mutations and in heart and isolated cardiomyocytes from Lmnap.H222P/H222P male mice. In Atat1 knockout mice, deficient for acetylated α-tubulin, we observe left ventricular dilation and mislocalization of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in heart. Increasing α-tubulin acetylation levels in Lmnap.H222P/H222P mice with tubastatin A treatment restores the proper localization of Cx43 and improves cardiac function. In summary, we show for the first time an actin-microtubule cytoskeletal interplay mediated by cofilin-1 and MRTF-A/SRF, promoting the dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Our findings suggest that modulating α-tubulin acetylation levels is a feasible strategy for improving cardiac function.
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Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Preserves Sarcomere Integrity in the Adult Heart. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0016322. [PMID: 36125265 PMCID: PMC9583714 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is transduced by insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2. To elucidate physiological and redundant roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in adult hearts, we generated mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of insulin and IGF1 receptors or IRS1 and IRS2. Both models developed dilated cardiomyopathy, and most mice died by 8 weeks post-gene deletion. Heart failure was characterized by cardiomyocyte loss and disarray, increased proapoptotic signaling, and increased autophagy. Suppression of autophagy by activating mTOR signaling did not prevent heart failure. Transcriptional profiling revealed reduced serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional activity and decreased mRNA levels of genes encoding sarcomere and gap junction proteins as early as 3 days post-gene deletion, in concert with ultrastructural evidence of sarcomere disruption and intercalated discs within 1 week after gene deletion. These data confirm conserved roles for constitutive insulin and IGF1 signaling in suppressing autophagic and apoptotic signaling in the adult heart. The present study also identifies an unexpected role for insulin and IGF1 signaling in regulating an SRF-mediated transcriptional program, which maintains expression of genes encoding proteins that support sarcomere integrity in the adult heart, reduction of which results in rapid development of heart failure.
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Luo K, Zheng C, Luo R, Cao X, Sun H, Ma H, Huang J, Yang X, Wu X, Li X. Identification and functional characterization of BICD2 as a candidate disease gene in an consanguineous family with dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:189. [PMID: 36068540 PMCID: PMC9446846 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a genetic cardiomyopathy that is associated with reduced left ventricle function or systolic function. Fifty-one DCM-causative genes have been reported, most of which are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. However, recessive DCM-causative gene is rarely observed. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in a consanguineous family with DCM to identify candidate variants. Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the variant. We then checked the DCM candidate gene in 210 sporadic DCM cases. We next explored BICD2 function in both embryonic and adult bicd2-knockout zebrafish models. In vivo cardiac function of bicd2-knockout fish was detected by echocardiography and RNA-seq. Results We identified an autosomal recessive and evolutionarily conserved missense variant, NM_001003800.1:c.2429G > A, in BICD2, which segregated with the disease phenotype in a consanguineous family with DCM. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of BICD2 variants in 3 sporadic cases. Knockout of bicd2 resulted in partial embryonic lethality in homozygotes, suggesting a vital role for bicd2 in embryogenesis. Heart dilation and decreased ejection fraction, cardiac output and stroke volume were observed in bicd2-knockout zebrafish, suggesting a phenotype similar to human DCM. Furthermore, RNA-seq confirmed a larger transcriptome shift in in bicd2 homozygotes than in heterozygotes. Gene set enrichment analysis of bicd2-deficient fish showed the enrichment of altered gene expression in cardiac pathways and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Conclusions Our study first shows that BICD2 is a novel candidate gene associated with familial DCM, and our findings will facilitate further insights into the molecular pathological mechanisms of DCM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01349-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Shenzhen Aone Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Luo
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiovascular Disease, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichang Huang
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiovascular Disease, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Shenzhen Aone Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
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Gorey MA, Mericskay M, Li Z, Decaux JF. Interrelation between α-Cardiac Actin Treadmilling and Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor-A Nuclear Shuttling in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137394. [PMID: 35806398 PMCID: PMC9266856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics that are controlled by Rho GTPases. SRF is a ubiquitous transcription factor strongly expressed in muscular tissues. The depletion of SRF in the adult mouse heart leads to severe dilated cardiomyopathy associated with the down-regulation of target genes encoding sarcomeric proteins including α-cardiac actin. The regulatory triad, composed of SRF, its cofactor MRTFA and actin, plays a major role in the coordination of the nuclear transcriptional response to adapt actin filament dynamics associated with changes in cell shape, and contractile and migratory activities. Most of the knowledge on the regulation of the SRF–MRTF–Actin axis has been obtained in non-muscle cells with α-actin and smooth muscle cells with α-smooth actin. Here, we visualized for the first time by a time-lapse video, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of MRTFA induced by serum or pro-hypertrophic agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine and endothelin-1, using an MRTFA-GFP adenovirus in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We showed that an inhibitor of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway leads to an α-cardiac actin polymerization disruption and inhibition of MRTFA nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway also prevents the entry of MRTFA into the nuclei. Our findings point out a central role of the SRF–MRTFA–actin axis in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Alexander Gorey
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-27-21-36
| | - Jean-François Decaux
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
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Deshpande A, Shetty PMV, Frey N, Rangrez AY. SRF: a seriously responsible factor in cardiac development and disease. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:38. [PMID: 35681202 PMCID: PMC9185982 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate embryogenesis and cardiac development are calibrated by multiple signal transduction pathways within or between different cell lineages via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms of action. The heart is the first functional organ to form during development, which highlights the importance of this organ in later stages of growth. Knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying cardiac development and adult cardiac homeostasis paves the way for discovering therapeutic possibilities for cardiac disease treatment. Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor that controls both embryonic and adult cardiac development. SRF expression is needed through the duration of development, from the first mesodermal cell in a developing embryo to the last cell damaged by infarction in the myocardium. Precise regulation of SRF expression is critical for mesoderm formation and cardiac crescent formation in the embryo, and altered SRF levels lead to cardiomyopathies in the adult heart, suggesting the vital role played by SRF in cardiac development and disease. This review provides a detailed overview of SRF and its partners in their various functions and discusses the future scope and possible therapeutic potential of SRF in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Deshpande
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Prithviraj Manohar Vijaya Shetty
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Staehr C, Rohde PD, Krarup NT, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C, Johnsen J, Nielsen R, Beck HC, Morth JP, Lykke-Hartmann K, Jespersen NR, Abramochkin D, Nyegaard M, Bøtker HE, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov V. Migraine-Associated Mutation in the Na,K-ATPase Leads to Disturbances in Cardiac Metabolism and Reduced Cardiac Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021814. [PMID: 35289188 PMCID: PMC9075430 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in ATP1A2 gene encoding the Na,K‐ATPase α2 isoform are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Migraine with aura is a known risk factor for heart disease. The Na,K‐ATPase is important for cardiac function, but its role for heart disease remains unknown. We hypothesized that ATP1A2 is a susceptibility gene for heart disease and aimed to assess the underlying disease mechanism. Methods and Results Mice heterozygous for the familial hemiplegic migraine type 2–associated G301R mutation in the Atp1a2 gene (α2+/G301R mice) and matching wild‐type controls were compared. Reduced expression of the Na,K‐ATPase α2 isoform and increased expression of the α1 isoform were observed in hearts from α2+/G301R mice (Western blot). Left ventricular dilation and reduced ejection fraction were shown in hearts from 8‐month‐old α2+/G301R mice (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), and this was associated with reduced nocturnal blood pressure (radiotelemetry). Cardiac function and blood pressure of 3‐month‐old α2+/G301R mice were similar to wild‐type mice. Amplified Na,K‐ATPase–dependent Src kinase/Ras/Erk1/2 (p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase) signaling was observed in hearts from 8‐month‐old α2+/G301R mice, and this was associated with mitochondrial uncoupling (respirometry), increased oxidative stress (malondialdehyde measurements), and a heart failure–associated metabolic shift (hyperpolarized magnetic resonance). Mitochondrial membrane potential (5,5´,6,6´‐tetrachloro‐1,1´,3,3´‐tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide dye assay) and mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy) were similar between the groups. Proteomics of heart tissue further suggested amplified Src/Ras/Erk1/2 signaling and increased oxidative stress and provided the molecular basis for systolic dysfunction in 8‐month‐old α2+/G301R mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ATP1A2 mutation leads to disturbed cardiac metabolism and reduced cardiac function mediated via Na,K‐ATPase–dependent reactive oxygen species signaling through the Src/Ras/Erk1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Staehr
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Palle Duun Rohde
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR Research Centre Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jacob Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Department for Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Jens Preben Morth
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Denis Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Biological Faculty Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark
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Rust MB, Marcello E. Disease association of cyclase-associated protein (CAP): Lessons from gene-targeted mice and human genetic studies. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151207. [PMID: 35150966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is an actin binding protein that has been initially described as partner of the adenylyl cyclase in yeast. In all vertebrates and some invertebrate species, two orthologs, named CAP1 and CAP2, have been described. CAP1 and CAP2 are characterized by a similar multidomain structure, but different expression patterns. Several molecular studies clarified the biological function of the different CAP domains, and they shed light onto the mechanisms underlying CAP-dependent regulation of actin treadmilling. However, CAPs are crucial elements not only for the regulation of actin dynamics, but also for signal transduction pathways. During recent years, human genetic studies and the analysis of gene-targeted mice provided important novel insights into the physiological roles of CAPs and their involvement in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in our understanding of CAPs' physiological functions, focusing on heart, skeletal muscle and central nervous system as well as their involvement in the mechanisms controlling metabolism. Remarkably, loss of CAPs or impairment of CAPs-dependent pathways can contribute to the pathogenesis of different diseases. Overall, these studies unraveled CAPs complexity highlighting their capability to orchestrate structural and signaling pathways in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group 'Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling', GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Hong JH, Zhang HG. Transcription Factors Involved in the Development and Prognosis of Cardiac Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828549. [PMID: 35185581 PMCID: PMC8849252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To compensate increasing workload, heart must work harder with structural changes, indicated by increasing size and changing shape, causing cardiac remodeling. However, pathological and unlimited compensated cardiac remodeling will ultimately lead to decompensation and heart failure. In the past decade, numerous studies have explored many signaling pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, but the complete mechanism of cardiac remodeling is still unrecognized, which hinders effective treatment and drug development. As gene transcriptional regulators, transcription factors control multiple cellular activities and play a critical role in cardiac remodeling. This review summarizes the regulation of fetal gene reprogramming, energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy in cardiomyocytes and myofibroblast activation of cardiac fibroblasts by transcription factors, with an emphasis on their potential roles in the development and prognosis of cardiac remodeling.
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11
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Camman M, Joanne P, Agbulut O, Hélary C. 3D models of dilated cardiomyopathy: Shaping the chemical, physical and topographical properties of biomaterials to mimic the cardiac extracellular matrix. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:275-291. [PMID: 34466733 PMCID: PMC8379361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one major cause of heart failure, is characterized by the dilation of the heart but remains poorly understood because of the lack of adequate in vitro models. Current 2D models do not allow for the 3D organotypic organization of cardiomyocytes and do not reproduce the ECM perturbations. In this review, the different strategies to mimic the chemical, physical and topographical properties of the cardiac tissue affected by DCM are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of techniques generating anisotropy required for the cardiomyocytes alignment are discussed. In addition, the different methods creating macroporosity and favoring organotypic organization are compared. Besides, the advances in the induced pluripotent stem cells technology to generate cardiac cells from healthy or DCM patients will be described. Thanks to the biomaterial design, some features of the DCM extracellular matrix such as stiffness, porosity, topography or chemical changes can impact the cardiomyocytes function in vitro and increase their maturation. By mimicking the affected heart, both at the cellular and at the tissue level, 3D models will enable a better understanding of the pathology and favor the discovery of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Camman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
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12
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Liao Y, Zhu L, Wang Y. Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Foe in Translation Medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:366-385. [PMID: 34711701 PMCID: PMC8611306 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth study of heart development, many human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been generated in a laboratory environment. CMs derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been widely used for a series of applications such as laboratory studies, drug toxicology screening, cardiac disease models, and as an unlimited resource for cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. However, the low maturity of the induced CMs significantly impedes their applicability. Scientists have been committed to improving the maturation of CMs to achieve the purpose of heart regeneration in the past decades. In this review, we take CMs maturation as the main object of discussion, describe the characteristics of CMs maturation, summarize the key regulatory mechanism of regulating maturation and address the approaches to promote CMs maturation. The maturation of CM is gradually improving due to the incorporation of advanced technologies and is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Liu L, Rippe C, Hansson O, Kryvokhyzha D, Fisher S, Ekman M, Swärd K. Regulation of the Muscarinic M 3 Receptor by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710968. [PMID: 34539433 PMCID: PMC8446542 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MRTFA, and MRTF-B/MRTFB) are co-factors of serum response factor (SRF) that activate the smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene program and that play roles in cardiovascular development and mechanobiology. Gain and loss of function experiments have defined the SMC gene program under control of MRTFs, yet full understanding of their impact is lacking. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscarinic M3 receptor (CHRM3) is regulated by MRTFs together with SRF. Forced expression of MYOCD (8d) in human coronary artery (SMC) followed by RNA-sequencing showed increased levels of M2, M3, and M5 receptors (CHRM2: 2-fold, CHRM3: 16-fold, and CHRM5: 2-fold). The effect of MYOCD on M3 was confirmed by RT-qPCR using both coronary artery and urinary bladder SMCs, and correlation analyses using human transcriptomic datasets suggested that M3 may also be regulated by MRTF-B. Head-to-head comparisons of MYOCD, MRTF-A and MRTF-B, argued that while all MRTFs are effective, MRTF-B is the most powerful transactivator of CHRM3, causing a 600-fold increase at 120h. Accordingly, MRTF-B conferred responsiveness to the muscarinic agonist carbachol in Ca2+ imaging experiments. M3 was suppressed on treatment with the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 using SMCs transduced with either MRTF-A or MRTF-B and using intact mouse esophagus in culture (by 92±2%). Moreover, silencing of SRF with a short hairpin reduced CHRM3 (by >60%) in parallel with α-actin (ACTA2). Tamoxifen inducible knockout of Srf in smooth muscle reduced Srf (by 54±4%) and Chrm3 (by 41±6%) in the urinary bladder at 10days, but Srf was much less reduced or unchanged in aorta, ileum, colon, trachea, and esophagus. Longer induction (21d) further accentuated the reduction of Chrm3 in the bladder and ileum, but no change was seen in the aorta. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Mrtfb dominates in ECs, while Myocd dominates in SMCs, raising the possibility that Chrm3 may be driven by Mrtfb-Srf in the endothelium and by Myocd-Srf in SMCs. These findings define a novel transcriptional control mechanism for muscarinic M3 receptors in human cells, and in mice, that could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmytro Kryvokhyzha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mari Ekman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Giri P, Mukhopadhyay A, Gupta M, Mohapatra B. Dilated cardiomyopathy: a new insight into the rare but common cause of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:431-454. [PMID: 34245424 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a global health burden responsible for high morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of greater than 60 million individuals worldwide. One of the major causes of heart failure is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by associated systolic dysfunction. During the last few decades, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding about the genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy. The genetic causes were initially thought to be associated with mutations in genes encoding proteins that are localized to cytoskeleton and sarcomere only; however, with the advancement in mechanistic understanding, the roles of ion channels, Z-disc, mitochondria, nuclear proteins, cardiac transcription factors (e.g., NKX-2.5, TBX20, GATA4), and the factors involved in calcium homeostasis have also been identified and found to be implicated in both familial and sporadic DCM cases. During past few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been established as a diagnostic tool for genetic analysis and it has added significantly to the existing candidate gene list for DCM. The animal models have also provided novel insights to develop a better treatment strategy based on phenotype-genotype correlation, epigenetic and phenomic profiling. Most of the DCM biomarkers that are used in routine genetic and clinical testing are structural proteins, but during the last few years, the role of mi-RNA has also emerged as a biomarker due to their accessibility through noninvasive methods. Our increasing genetic knowledge can improve the clinical management of DCM by bringing clinicians and geneticists on one platform, thereby influencing the individualized clinical decision making and leading to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Giri
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Amrita Mukhopadhyay
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Mohini Gupta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India.
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16
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Tannous C, Deloux R, Karoui A, Mougenot N, Burkin D, Blanc J, Coletti D, Lavery G, Li Z, Mericskay M. NMRK2 Gene Is Upregulated in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Required for Cardiac Function and NAD Levels during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3534. [PMID: 33805532 PMCID: PMC8036583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of multifactorial etiologies, the risk of which is increased by male sex and age. There are few therapeutic options for patients with DCM who would benefit from identification of common targetable pathways. We used bioinformatics to identify the Nmrk2 gene involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotde (NAD) coenzyme biosynthesis as activated in different mouse models and in hearts of human patients with DCM while the Nampt gene controlling a parallel pathway is repressed. A short NMRK2 protein isoform is also known as muscle integrin binding protein (MIBP) binding the α7β1 integrin complex. We investigated the cardiac phenotype of Nmrk2-KO mice to establish its role in cardiac remodeling and function. Young Nmrk2-KO mice developed an eccentric type of cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload rather than the concentric hypertrophy observed in controls. Nmrk2-KO mice developed a progressive DCM-like phenotype with aging, associating eccentric remodeling of the left ventricle and a decline in ejection fraction and showed a reduction in myocardial NAD levels at 24 months. In agreement with involvement of NMRK2 in integrin signaling, we observed a defect in laminin deposition in the basal lamina of cardiomyocytes leading to increased fibrosis at middle age. The α7 integrin was repressed at both transcript and protein level at 24 months. Nmrk2 gene is required to preserve cardiac structure and function, and becomes an important component of the NAD biosynthetic pathways during aging. Molecular characterization of compounds modulating this pathway may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tannous
- Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180 CARPAT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.T.); (R.D.); (A.K.)
- INSERM Unit U1164 / CNRS UMR 8256, Biologie de l’Adaptation et du Vieillissement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (J.B.); (D.C.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Robin Deloux
- Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180 CARPAT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.T.); (R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Ahmed Karoui
- Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180 CARPAT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.T.); (R.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Plateau d’Expérimentation Cœur, Muscle, Vaisseaux PECMV, UMS28, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Dean Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89102, USA;
| | - Jocelyne Blanc
- INSERM Unit U1164 / CNRS UMR 8256, Biologie de l’Adaptation et du Vieillissement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (J.B.); (D.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Dario Coletti
- INSERM Unit U1164 / CNRS UMR 8256, Biologie de l’Adaptation et du Vieillissement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (J.B.); (D.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Gareth Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Zhenlin Li
- INSERM Unit U1164 / CNRS UMR 8256, Biologie de l’Adaptation et du Vieillissement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (J.B.); (D.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180 CARPAT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.T.); (R.D.); (A.K.)
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17
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Abe I, Terabayashi T, Hanada K, Kondo H, Teshima Y, Ishii Y, Miyoshi M, Kira S, Saito S, Tsuchimochi H, Shirai M, Yufu K, Arakane M, Daa T, Thumkeo D, Narumiya S, Takahashi N, Ishizaki T. Disruption of actin dynamics regulated by Rho effector mDia1 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophic responses and exacerbates dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1103-1117. [PMID: 32647865 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to pressure overload, leading to heart failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rho is immediately activated in left ventricles after pressure overload and that Rho signalling plays crucial regulatory roles in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement during cardiac hypertrophic responses. However, the mechanisms by which Rho and its downstream proteins control actin dynamics during hypertrophic responses remain not fully understood. In this study, we identified the pivotal roles of mammalian homologue of Drosophila diaphanous (mDia) 1, a Rho-effector molecule, in pressure overload-induced ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Male wild-type (WT) and mDia1-knockout (mDia1KO) mice (10-12 weeks old) were subjected to a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation. The heart weight/tibia length ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, left ventricular wall thickness, and expression of hypertrophy-specific genes were significantly decreased in mDia1KO mice 3 weeks after TAC, and the mortality rate was higher at 12 weeks. Echocardiography indicated that mDia1 deletion increased the severity of heart failure 8 weeks after TAC. Importantly, we could not observe apparent defects in cardiac hypertrophic responses in mDia3-knockout mice. Microarray analysis revealed that mDia1 was involved in the induction of hypertrophy-related genes, including immediate early genes, in pressure overloaded hearts. Loss of mDia1 attenuated activation of the mechanotransduction pathway in TAC-operated mice hearts. We also found that mDia1 was involved in stretch-induced activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and gene expression of c-fos in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). mDia1 regulated the filamentous/globular (F/G)-actin ratio in response to pressure overload in mice. Additionally, increases in nuclear myocardin-related transcription factors and serum response factor were perturbed in response to pressure overload in mDia1KO mice and to mechanical stretch in mDia1 depleted NRVMs. CONCLUSION mDia1, through actin dynamics, is involved in compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/surgery
- Arterial Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Formins/genetics
- Formins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Ligation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichitaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kondo
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Miho Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kira
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Yufu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Motoki Arakane
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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18
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Yingling CV, Pruyne D. FHOD formin and SRF promote post-embryonic striated muscle growth through separate pathways in C. elegans. Exp Cell Res 2021; 398:112388. [PMID: 33221314 PMCID: PMC7750259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work with cultured cells has shown transcription of muscle genes by serum response factor (SRF) can be stimulated by actin polymerization driven by proteins of the formin family. However, it is not clear if endogenous formins similarly promote SRF-dependent transcription during muscle development in vivo. We tested whether formin activity promotes SRF-dependent transcription in striated muscle in the simple animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our lab has shown FHOD-1 is the only formin that directly promotes sarcomere formation in the worm's striated muscle. We show here FHOD-1 and SRF homolog UNC-120 both support muscle growth and also muscle myosin II heavy chain A expression. However, while a hypomorphic unc-120 allele blunts expression of a set of striated muscle genes, these genes are largely upregulated or unchanged by absence of FHOD-1. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome restores myosin protein levels in worms lacking FHOD-1, suggesting elevated proteolysis accounts for their myosin deficit. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition does not restore normal muscle growth to fhod-1(Δ) mutants, suggesting formin contributes to muscle growth by some alternative mechanism. Overall, we find SRF does not depend on formin to promote muscle gene transcription in a simple in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis V Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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19
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Domengé O, Ragot H, Deloux R, Crépet A, Revet G, Boitard SE, Simon A, Mougenot N, David L, Delair T, Montembault A, Agbulut O. Efficacy of epicardial implantation of acellular chitosan hydrogels in ischemic and nonischemic heart failure: impact of the acetylation degree of chitosan. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:125-139. [PMID: 33161185 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the epicardial implantation of acellular chitosan hydrogels in two murine models of cardiomyopathy, focusing on their potential to restore the functional capacity of the heart. Different chitosan hydrogels were generated using polymers of four degrees of acetylation, ranging from 2.5% to 38%, because the degree of acetylation affects their degradation and biological activity. The hydrogels were adjusted to a 3% final polymer concentration. After complete macromolecular characterization of the chitosans and study of the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrogels, they were sutured onto the surface of the myocardium, first in rat after four-weeks of coronary ligation (n=58) then in mice with cardiomyopathy induced by a cardiac-specific invalidation of serum response factor (n=20). The implantation of the hydrogels was associated with a reversion of cardiac function loss with maximal effects for the acetylation degree of 24%. The extent of fibrosis, the cardiomyocyte length-to-width ratio, as well as the genes involved in fibrosis and stress were repressed after implantation. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of chitosan hydrogels, particularly with polymers of high degrees of acetylation, on cardiac remodeling in two cardiomyopathy models. Our findings indicate they have great potential as a reliable therapeutic approach to heart failure.
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20
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Qiao Q, Zhao CM, Yang CX, Gu JN, Guo YH, Zhang M, Li RG, Qiu XB, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. Detection and functional characterization of a novel MEF2A variation responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:955-963. [PMID: 33554560 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents the most frequent form of cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and death. Accumulating evidence convincingly demonstrates the crucial role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and over 100 culprit genes have been implicated with DCM. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic determinants underpinning DCM remain largely elusive. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatical analyses were implemented in a consanguineous Chinese family with DCM. A total of 380 clinically annotated control individuals and 166 more DCM index cases then underwent Sanger sequencing analysis for the identified genetic variation. The functional characteristics of the variant were delineated by utilizing a dual-luciferase assay system. RESULTS A heterozygous variation in the MEF2A gene (encoding myocyte enhancer factor 2A, a transcription factor pivotal for embryonic cardiogenesis and postnatal cardiac adaptation), NM_001365204.1: c.718G>T; p. (Gly240*), was identified, and verified by Sanger sequencing to segregate with autosome-dominant DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense variation was neither detected in 760 control chromosomes nor found in 166 more DCM probands. Functional analyses revealed that the variant lost transactivation on the validated target genes MYH6 and FHL2, both causally linked to DCM. Furthermore, the variation nullified the synergistic activation between MEF2A and GATA4, another key transcription factor involved in DCM. CONCLUSIONS The findings firstly indicate that MEF2A loss-of-function variation predisposes to DCM in humans, providing novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of DCM and suggesting potential implications for genetic testing and prognostic evaluation of DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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21
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Mechanosensing dysregulation in the fibroblast: A hallmark of the aging heart. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101150. [PMID: 32846223 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The myofibroblast is a specialized fibroblast that expresses α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and participates in wound contraction and fibrosis. The fibroblast to myofibroblast transition depends on chemical and mechanical signals. A fibroblast senses the changes in the environment (extracellular matrix (ECM)) and transduces these changes to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, resulting in activation or inhibition of α-SMA transcription in a process called mechanosensing. A stiff matrix greatly facilitates the transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast, and although the aging heart is much stiffer than the young one, the aging fibroblast has difficulties in transitioning into the contractile phenotype. This suggests that the events occurring downstream of the matrix, such as activation or changes in expression levels of various proteins participating in mechanotransduction can negatively alter the ability of the aging fibroblast to become a myofibroblast. In this review, we will discuss in detail the changes in ECM, receptors (integrin or non-integrin), focal adhesions, cytoskeleton, and transcription factors involved in mechanosensing that occur with aging.
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22
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Li J, Tan Y, Passariello CL, Martinez EC, Kritzer MD, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Yu Q, Ohgi K, Thakur H, MacArthur JW, Ivey JR, Woo YJ, Emter CA, Dodge-Kafka K, Rosenfeld MG, Kapiloff MS. Signalosome-Regulated Serum Response Factor Phosphorylation Determining Myocyte Growth in Width Versus Length as a Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 142:2138-2154. [PMID: 32933333 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentric and eccentric cardiac hypertrophy are associated with pressure and volume overload, respectively, in cardiovascular disease both conferring an increased risk of heart failure. These contrasting forms of hypertrophy are characterized by asymmetrical growth of the cardiac myocyte in mainly width or length, respectively. The molecular mechanisms determining myocyte preferential growth in width versus length remain poorly understood. Identification of the mechanisms governing asymmetrical myocyte growth could provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of heart failure. METHODS Primary adult rat ventricular myocytes, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery in mice, and human tissue samples were used to define a regulatory pathway controlling pathological myocyte hypertrophy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with sequencing and precision nuclear run-on sequencing were used to define a transcriptional mechanism. RESULTS We report that asymmetrical cardiac myocyte hypertrophy is modulated by SRF (serum response factor) phosphorylation, constituting an epigenomic switch balancing the growth in width versus length of adult ventricular myocytes in vitro and in vivo. SRF Ser103 phosphorylation is bidirectionally regulated by RSK3 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase type 3) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) at signalosomes organized by the scaffold protein mAKAPβ (muscle A-kinase anchoring protein β), such that increased SRF phosphorylation activates AP-1 (activator protein-1)-dependent enhancers that direct myocyte growth in width. AAV are used to express in vivo mAKAPβ-derived RSK3 and PP2A anchoring disruptor peptides that block the association of the enzymes with the mAKAPβ scaffold. Inhibition of RSK3 signaling prevents concentric cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload, while inhibition of PP2A signaling prevents eccentric cardiac remodeling induced by myocardial infarction, in each case improving cardiac function. SRF Ser103 phosphorylation is significantly decreased in dilated human hearts, supporting the notion that modulation of the mAKAPβ-SRF signalosome could be a new therapeutic approach for human heart failure. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a new molecular switch, namely mAKAPβ signalosome-regulated SRF phosphorylation, that controls a transcriptional program responsible for modulating changes in cardiac myocyte morphology that occur secondary to pathological stressors. Complementary AAV-based gene therapies constitute rationally-designed strategies for a new translational modality for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.).,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Yuliang Tan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Y.T., K.O., M.G.R.)
| | - Catherine L Passariello
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Xueyi Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Yang Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Qian Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Kenneth Ohgi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Y.T., K.O., M.G.R.)
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.).,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
| | | | - Jan R Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia (J.R.I., C.A.E.)
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, CA (Y.J.W.)
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia (J.R.I., C.A.E.)
| | - Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
- Calhoun Center for Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington (K.D-K.)
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Y.T., K.O., M.G.R.)
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Xueyi Li, Y. L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.).,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (J.L., C.L.P., E.C.M., M.D.K., Xiaofeng Li, H.T., M.S.K.)
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23
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Onuh JO, Qiu H. Serum response factor-cofactor interactions and their implications in disease. FEBS J 2020; 288:3120-3134. [PMID: 32885587 PMCID: PMC7925694 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF), a member of the Mcm1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF (MADS) box transcription factor, is widely expressed in all cell types and plays a crucial role in the physiological function and development of diseases. SRF regulates its downstream genes by binding to their CArG DNA box by interacting with various cofactors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, therefore attracting increasing research attention due to the importance of this topic. This review's objective is to discuss the new progress in the studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of SRF and its impacts in physiological and pathological conditions. Notably, we summarized the recent studies on the interaction of SRF with its two main types of cofactors belonging to the myocardin families of transcription factors and the members of the ternary complex factors. The knowledge of these mechanisms will create new opportunities for understanding the dynamics of many traits and disease pathogenesis especially, cardiovascular diseases and cancer that could serve as targets for pharmacological control and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oloche Onuh
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Fathi M, Gharakhanlou R, Rezaei R. The Changes of Heart miR-1 and miR-133 Expressions following Physiological Hypertrophy Due to Endurance Training. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:133-140. [PMID: 32779443 PMCID: PMC7481891 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the development of the heart. Recent studies have shown that miR-
1 and miR-133 are key regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an endurance
training (ET) program on the expressions of these miRNAs and their transcriptional network.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by 14 weeks of ET for 1 hour per
day, 6 days per week at 75% VO2 max). The rats (221 ± 23 g) in the experimental (n=7) and control (n=7) groups were
anesthetized to evaluate heart morphology changes by echocardiography. Next, we evaluated expressions of miR-1
and miR-133, and heart and neural crest derivatives express 2 (Hand2), Mef2c, histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) and
serum response factor (Srf) gene expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the collected data
were evaluated by the independent t test to determine differences between the groups
Results The echocardiography result confirmed physiological hypertrophy in the experimental group that underwent ET as
shown by the increased left ventricular weight/body surface area (LVW/BSA) (P=0.004), LVW/body weight (BW) (P=0.011),
left ventricular diameter end-diastolic (LVDd) (P=0.003), and improvements in heart functional indexes such as fractional
shortness (FS) (P=0.036) and stroke volume (SV) (P=0.002). There were significant increases in the expressions of miR-1
(P=0.001) and miR-133 (P=0.004). The expressions of Srf, Hdac4, and Hand2 genes significantly increased (P<0.001) in the
experimental group Compared with the control group. The expression of Mef2c did not significantly change.
Conclusion The expressions of miR-1 and miR-133 and their target genes appeared to be involved in physiological
hypertrophy induced by ET in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Electronic Address:
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Rezaei
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Driessen HE, Fontes MS, van Stuijvenberg L, Brans MA, Goumans MJ, Vos MA, van Veen TA. A combined CaMKII inhibition and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism via eplerenone inhibits functional deterioration in chronic pressure overloaded mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8417-8429. [PMID: 32573944 PMCID: PMC7412412 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the diseased and remodelled heart, increased activity and expression of Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an excess of fibrosis, and a decreased electrical coupling and cellular excitability leads to disturbed calcium homeostasis and tissue integrity. This subsequently leads to increased arrhythmia vulnerability and contractile dysfunction. Here, we investigated the combination of CaMKII inhibition (using genetically modified mice expressing the autocamtide-3-related-peptide (AC3I)) together with eplerenone treatment (AC3I-Epler) to prevent electrophysiological remodelling, fibrosis and subsequent functional deterioration in a mouse model of chronic pressure overload. We compared AC3I-Epler mice with mice only subjected to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism (WT-Epler) and mice with only CaMKII inhibition (AC3I-No). Our data show that a combined CaMKII inhibition together with MR antagonism mitigates contractile deterioration as was manifested by a preservation of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, global longitudinal strain, peak strain and contractile synchronicity. Furthermore, patchy fibrosis formation was reduced, potentially via inhibition of pro-fibrotic TGF-β/SMAD3 signalling, which related to a better global contractile performance and a slightly depressed incidence of arrhythmias. Furthermore, the level of patchy fibrosis appeared significantly correlated to eplerenone dose. The addition of eplerenone to CaMKII inhibition potentiates the effects of CaMKII inhibition on pro-fibrotic pathways. As a result of the applied strategy, limiting patchy fibrosis adheres to a higher synchronicity of contraction and an overall better contractile performance which fits with a tempered arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Driessen
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magda S Fontes
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Stuijvenberg
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike A Brans
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc A Vos
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toon A van Veen
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Angelini A, Gorey MA, Dumont F, Mougenot N, Chatzifrangkeskou M, Muchir A, Li Z, Mericskay M, Decaux JF. Cardioprotective effects of α-cardiac actin on oxidative stress in a dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model. FASEB J 2019; 34:2987-3005. [PMID: 31908029 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902389r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The expression of α-cardiac actin, a major constituent of the cytoskeleton of cardiomyocytes, is dramatically decreased in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy triggered by inducible cardiac-specific serum response factor (Srf) gene disruption that could mimic some forms of human dilated cardiomyopathy. To investigate the consequences of the maintenance of α-cardiac actin expression in this model, we developed a new transgenic mouse based on Cre/LoxP strategy, allowing together the induction of SRF loss and a compensatory expression of α-cardiac actin. Here, we report that maintenance of α-cardiac actin within cardiomyocytes temporally preserved cytoarchitecture from adverse cardiac remodeling through a positive impact on both structural and transcriptional levels. These protective effects were accompanied in vivo by the decrease of ROS generation and protein carbonylation and the downregulation of NADPH oxidases NOX2 and NOX4. We also show that ectopic expression of α-cardiac actin protects HEK293 cells against oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 . Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiac remodeling and contributes also to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Taken together, these findings indicate that α-cardiac actin could be involved in the regulation of oxidative stress that is a leading cause of adverse remodeling during dilated cardiomyopathy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mark-Alexander Gorey
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Faculté de Médecine, Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM UMS 28 Phénotypage du petit animal, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria Chatzifrangkeskou
- Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, INSERM UMRS 974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, INSERM UMRS 974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Francois Decaux
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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27
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Heliste J, Chheda H, Paatero I, Salminen TA, Akimov Y, Paavola J, Elenius K, Aittokallio T. Genetic and functional implications of an exonic TRIM55 variant in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:222-233. [PMID: 31866377 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To tackle the missing heritability of sporadic heart failure, we screened for novel heart failure-associated genetic variants in the Finnish population and functionally characterized a novel variant in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart failure-associated variants were screened in genotyping array data of the FINRISK study, consisting of 994 cases and 20,118 controls. Based on logistic regression analysis, a potentially damaging variant in TRIM55 (rs138811034), encoding an E140K variant, was selected for validations. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce the variant in the endogenous locus, and additionally TRIM55 wildtype or E140K was overexpressed from plasmid. Functional responses were profiled using whole-genome RNA sequencing, RT-PCR and Western analyses, cell viability and cell cycle assays and cell surface area measurements. In zebrafish embryos, cardiac contractility was measured using videomicroscopy after CRISPR-mediated knockout of trim55a or plasmid overexpression of TRIM55 WT or E140K. Genes related to muscle contraction and cardiac stress were highly regulated in Trim55 E140K/- cardiomyocytes. When compared to the WT/WT cells, the variant cells demonstrated reduced viability, significant hypertrophic response to isoproterenol, p21 protein overexpression and impaired cell cycle progression. In zebrafish embryos, the deletion of trim55a or overexpression of TRIM55 E140K reduced cardiac contractility as compared to embryos with wildtype genotype or overexpression of WT TRIM55, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A previously uncharacterized TRIM55 E140K variant demonstrated a number of functional implications for cardiomyocyte functions in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest a novel role for TRIM55 polymorphism in predisposing to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Himanshu Chheda
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Yevhen Akimov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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28
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Rangrez AY, Kilian L, Stiebeling K, Dittmann S, Schulze-Bahr E, Frey N, Frank D. A cardiac α-actin (ACTC1) p. Gly247Asp mutation inhibits SRF-signaling in vitro in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:500-505. [PMID: 31434612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified a novel, heterozygous, and non-synonymous ACTC1 mutation (p.Gly247Asp or G247D) in a large, multi-generational family, causing atrial-septal defect followed by late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Molecular dynamics studies revealed possible actin polymerization defects as G247D mutation resides at the juncture of side-chain interaction, which was indeed confirmed by in vitro actin polymerization assays. Since polymerization/de-polymerization is important for the activation of Rho-GTPase-mediated serum response factor (SRF)-signaling, we studied the effect of G247D mutation using luciferase assay. Overexpression of native human ACTC1 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) strongly activated SRF-signaling both in C2C12 cells and NRVCMs, whereas, G247D mutation abolished this activation. Mechanistically, we found reduced GTP-bound Rho-GTPase and increased nuclear localization of globular actin in NRVCMs overexpressing mutant ACTC1 possibly causing inhibition of SRF-signaling activation. In conclusion, our data suggests that human G247D ACTC1 mutation negatively regulates SRF-signaling likely contributing to the late-onset DCM observed in mutation carrier patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lucia Kilian
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Stiebeling
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Dittmann
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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29
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MiR-466h-5p induces expression of myocardin with complementary promoter sequences. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:187-193. [PMID: 31029421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies microRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. In these studies, miRNA regulates gene expression by repressing translation or directing sequence-specific degradation of complementary mRNA. Here, we reveal a new regulatory mechanism in the process of cardiac hypertrophy which miRNA may also regulate the promoter activity of target genes. In the course of the study, we find that miR-466h-5p regulates the occurrence of myocardial hypertrophy via myocardin and it can upregulate the expression of myocardin through directly binding to the promoter region of myocardin. Meanwhile, we also find that myocardin can reverse-activate miR-466h-5p expression through binding to the CarG box. Thus, miR-466h-5p and myocardin form a positive regulation loop in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings reveal a new mode by which miRNAs may regulate gene expression and may play a positive role in revealing the complete mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy.
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30
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Djemai H, Hassani M, Daou N, Li Z, Sotiropoulos A, Noirez P, Coletti D. Srf KO and wild-type mice similarly adapt to endurance exercise. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8205. [PMID: 31354926 PMCID: PMC6615070 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has important effects as secondary prevention or intervention against several diseases. Endurance exercise induces local and global effects, resulting in skeletal muscle adaptations to aerobic activity and contributes to an amelioration of muscle performance. Furthermore, it prevents muscle loss. Serum response factor (Srf) is a transcription factor of pivotal importance for muscle tissues and animal models of Srf genetic deletion/over-expression are widely used to study Srf role in muscle homeostasis, physiology and pathology. A global characterisation of exercise adaptation in the absence of Srf has not been reported. We measured body composition, muscle force, running speed, energy expenditure and metabolism in WT and inducible skeletal muscle-specific Srf KO mice, following three weeks of voluntary exercise by wheel running. We found a major improvement in the aerobic capacity and muscle function in WT mice following exercise, as expected, and no major differences were observed in Srf KO mice as compared to WT mice, following exercise. Taken together, these observations suggest that Srf is not required for an early (within 3 weeks) adaptation to spontaneous exercise and that Srf KO mice behave similarly to the WT in terms of spontaneous physical activity and the resulting adaptive responses. Therefore, Srf KO mice can be used in functional muscle studies, without the results being affected by the lack of Srf. Since lack of Srf induces premature sarcopenia, our observations suggest that the modifications due to the absence of Srf take time to occur and that young, Srf KO mice behave similarly to WT in aerobic physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Djemai
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France.,= equal contribution
| | - Medhi Hassani
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,= equal contribution
| | | | | | - Athanassia Sotiropoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IRMES, INSEP, Paris, France.,Department of Exercise Science, UQAM, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dario Coletti
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
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31
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DeAguero AA, Castillo L, Oas ST, Kiani K, Bryantsev AL, Cripps RM. Regulation of fiber-specific actin expression by the Drosophila SRF ortholog Blistered. Development 2019; 146:dev.164129. [PMID: 30872277 PMCID: PMC6467476 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) has an established role in controlling actin homeostasis in mammalian cells, yet its role in non-vertebrate muscle development has remained enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the single Drosophila SRF ortholog, termed Blistered (Bs), is expressed in all adult muscles, but Bs is required for muscle organization only in the adult indirect flight muscles. Bs is a direct activator of the flight muscle actin gene Act88F, via a conserved promoter-proximal binding site. However, Bs only activates Act88F expression in the context of the flight muscle regulatory program provided by the Pbx and Meis orthologs Extradenticle and Homothorax, and appears to function in a similar manner to mammalian SRF in muscle maturation. These studies place Bs in a regulatory framework where it functions to sustain the flight muscle phenotype in Drosophila Our studies uncover an evolutionarily ancient role for SRF in regulating muscle actin expression, and provide a model for how SRF might function to sustain muscle fate downstream of pioneer factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A DeAguero
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Lizzet Castillo
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sandy T Oas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kaveh Kiani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Anton L Bryantsev
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Richard M Cripps
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Xiong Y, Bedi K, Berritt S, Attipoe BK, Brooks TG, Wang K, Margulies KB, Field J. Targeting MRTF/SRF in CAP2-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy delays disease onset. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124629. [PMID: 30762586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About one-third of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases are caused by mutations in sarcomere or cytoskeletal proteins. However, treating the cytoskeleton directly is not possible because drugs that bind to actin are not well tolerated. Mutations in the actin binding protein CAP2 can cause DCM and KO mice, either whole body (CAP2-KO) or cardiomyocyte-specific KOs (CAP2-CKO) develop DCM with cardiac conduction disease. RNA sequencing analysis of CAP2-KO hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes revealed overactivation of fetal genes, including serum response factor-regulated (SRF-regulated) genes such as Myl9 and Acta2 prior to the emergence of cardiac disease. To test if we could treat CAP2-KO mice, we synthesized and tested the SRF inhibitor CCG-1423-8u. CCG-1423-8u reduced expression of the SRF targets Myl9 and Acta2, as well as the biomarker of heart failure, Nppa. The median survival of CAP2-CKO mice was 98 days, while CCG-1423-8u-treated CKO mice survived for 116 days and also maintained normal cardiac function longer. These results suggest that some forms of sudden cardiac death and cardiac conduction disease are under cytoskeletal stress and that inhibiting signaling through SRF may benefit DCM by reducing cytoskeletal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
| | - Kenneth Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Berritt
- Department of Chemistry, Merck High throughput Experimentation Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Thomas G Brooks
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
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Kannan S, Kwon C. Regulation of cardiomyocyte maturation during critical perinatal window. J Physiol 2019; 598:2941-2956. [PMID: 30571853 DOI: 10.1113/jp276754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary limitation in the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) for both patient health and scientific investigation is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. In vivo, cardiomyocytes undergo numerous adaptive structural, functional and metabolic changes during maturation. By contrast, PSC-CMs fail to fully undergo these developmental processes, instead remaining arrested at an embryonic stage of maturation. There is thus a significant need to understand the biological processes underlying proper CM maturation in vivo. Here, we discuss what is known regarding the initiation and coordination of CM maturation. We postulate that there is a critical perinatal window, ranging from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 14 in mice, in which the maturation process is exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. While the initiation mechanisms of this process are unknown, it is increasingly clear that maturation proceeds through interconnected regulatory circuits that feed into one another to coordinate concomitant structural, functional and metabolic CM maturation. We highlight PGC1α, SRF and the MEF2 family as transcription factors that may potentially mediate this cross-talk. We lastly discuss several emerging technologies that will facilitate future studies into the mechanisms of CM maturation. Further study will not only produce a better understanding of its key processes, but provide practical insights into developing a robust strategy to produce mature PSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Trembley MA, Quijada P, Agullo-Pascual E, Tylock KM, Colpan M, Dirkx RA, Myers JR, Mickelsen DM, de Mesy Bentley K, Rothenberg E, Moravec CS, Alexis JD, Gregorio CC, Dirksen RT, Delmar M, Small EM. Mechanosensitive Gene Regulation by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Integrity in Load-Induced Ventricular Hypertrophy. Circulation 2018; 138:1864-1878. [PMID: 29716942 PMCID: PMC6202206 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth and dysfunction accompany various forms of heart disease. The mechanisms responsible for transcriptional changes that affect cardiac physiology and the transition to heart failure are not well understood. The intercalated disc (ID) is a specialized intercellular junction coupling cardiomyocyte force transmission and propagation of electrical activity. The ID is gaining attention as a mechanosensitive signaling hub and hotspot for causative mutations in cardiomyopathy. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and single-molecule localization microscopy were used to examine changes in ID structure and protein localization in the murine and human heart. We conducted detailed cardiac functional assessment and transcriptional profiling of mice lacking myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A and MRTF-B specifically in adult cardiomyocytes to evaluate the role of mechanosensitive regulation of gene expression in load-induced ventricular remodeling. RESULTS We found that MRTFs localize to IDs in the healthy human heart and accumulate in the nucleus in heart failure. Although mice lacking MRTFs in adult cardiomyocytes display normal cardiac physiology at baseline, pressure overload leads to rapid heart failure characterized by sarcomere disarray, ID disintegration, chamber dilation and wall thinning, cardiac functional decline, and partially penetrant acute lethality. Transcriptional profiling reveals a program of actin cytoskeleton and cardiomyocyte adhesion genes driven by MRTFs during pressure overload. Indeed, conspicuous remodeling of gap junctions at IDs identified by single-molecule localization microscopy may partially stem from a reduction in Mapre1 expression, which we show is a direct mechanosensitive MRTF target. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes a novel paradigm in which MRTFs control an acute mechanosensitive signaling circuit that coordinates cross-talk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and maintains ID integrity and cardiomyocyte homeostasis in heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- COS Cells
- Case-Control Studies
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Single Molecule Imaging
- Trans-Activators/deficiency
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Trembley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Esperanza Agullo-Pascual
- The Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kevin M. Tylock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Mert Colpan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Ronald A. Dirkx
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Alexis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Carol C. Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eric M. Small
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Author for correspondence: Eric M. Small, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, Phone: (585)276-7706, Fax: (585) 276-9839,
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Guo Y, Jardin BD, Zhou P, Sethi I, Akerberg BN, Toepfer CN, Ai Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Guatimosim S, Hu Y, Varuzhanyan G, VanDusen NJ, Zhang D, Chan DC, Yuan GC, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT. Hierarchical and stage-specific regulation of murine cardiomyocyte maturation by serum response factor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3837. [PMID: 30242271 PMCID: PMC6155060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, cardiomyocytes (CM) acquire numerous adaptations in order to efficiently pump blood throughout an animal's lifespan. How this maturation process is regulated and coordinated is poorly understood. Here, we perform a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in mice and identify serum response factor (SRF) as a key regulator of CM maturation. Mosaic SRF depletion in neonatal CMs disrupts many aspects of their maturation, including sarcomere expansion, mitochondrial biogenesis, transverse-tubule formation, and cellular hypertrophy. Maintenance of maturity in adult CMs is less dependent on SRF. This stage-specific activity is associated with developmentally regulated SRF chromatin occupancy and transcriptional regulation. SRF directly activates genes that regulate sarcomere assembly and mitochondrial dynamics. Perturbation of sarcomere assembly but not mitochondrial dynamics recapitulates SRF knockout phenotypes. SRF overexpression also perturbs CM maturation. Together, these data indicate that carefully balanced SRF activity is essential to promote CM maturation through a hierarchy of cellular processes orchestrated by sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Blake D Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yulan Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yongwu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wenzhou Medical University, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Grigor Varuzhanyan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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36
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Dorn T, Kornherr J, Parrotta EI, Zawada D, Ayetey H, Santamaria G, Iop L, Mastantuono E, Sinnecker D, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, My I, Laue S, Bozoglu T, Baarlink C, Ziegler T, Graf E, Hinkel R, Cuda G, Kääb S, Grace AA, Grosse R, Kupatt C, Meitinger T, Smith AG, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Interplay of cell-cell contacts and RhoA/MRTF-A signaling regulates cardiomyocyte identity. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98133. [PMID: 29764980 PMCID: PMC6003642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions guide organ development and homeostasis by controlling lineage specification and maintenance, but the underlying molecular principles are largely unknown. Here, we show that in human developing cardiomyocytes cell-cell contacts at the intercalated disk connect to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the RhoA-ROCK signaling to maintain an active MRTF/SRF transcriptional program essential for cardiomyocyte identity. Genetic perturbation of this mechanosensory pathway activates an ectopic fat gene program during cardiomyocyte differentiation, which ultimately primes the cells to switch to the brown/beige adipocyte lineage in response to adipogenesis-inducing signals. We also demonstrate by in vivo fate mapping and clonal analysis of cardiac progenitors that cardiac fat and a subset of cardiac muscle arise from a common precursor expressing Isl1 and Wt1 during heart development, suggesting related mechanisms of determination between the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira I Parrotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dorota Zawada
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf J Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Laue
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- IPEK Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew A Grace
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Grosse
- Pharmacology Institute, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin G Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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37
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Masuda K. [4. Preparation of Heart Disease Models and Evaluation of Pathology Using Ultrasound Imaging]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2018; 74:200-207. [PMID: 29459548 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2018_jsrt_74.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Masuda
- Division of Functional Diagnostics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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38
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Diguet N, Trammell SAJ, Tannous C, Deloux R, Piquereau J, Mougenot N, Gouge A, Gressette M, Manoury B, Blanc J, Breton M, Decaux JF, Lavery GG, Baczkó I, Zoll J, Garnier A, Li Z, Brenner C, Mericskay M. Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2017; 137:2256-2273. [PMID: 29217642 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial metabolic impairment is a major feature in chronic heart failure. As the major coenzyme in fuel oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and a substrate for enzymes signaling energy stress and oxidative stress response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is emerging as a metabolic target in a number of diseases including heart failure. Little is known on the mechanisms regulating homeostasis of NAD+ in the failing heart. METHODS To explore possible alterations of NAD+ homeostasis in the failing heart, we quantified the expression of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes in the human failing heart and in the heart of a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) triggered by Serum Response Factor transcription factor depletion in the heart (SRFHKO) or of cardiac hypertrophy triggered by transverse aorta constriction. We studied the impact of NAD+ precursor supplementation on cardiac function in both mouse models. RESULTS We observed a 30% loss in levels of NAD+ in the murine failing heart of both DCM and transverse aorta constriction mice that was accompanied by a decrease in expression of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme that recycles the nicotinamide precursor, whereas the nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (NMRK2) that phosphorylates the nicotinamide riboside precursor is increased, to a higher level in the DCM (40-fold) than in transverse aorta constriction (4-fold). This shift was also observed in human failing heart biopsies in comparison with nonfailing controls. We show that the Nmrk2 gene is an AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α responsive gene that is activated by energy stress and NAD+ depletion in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Nicotinamide riboside efficiently rescues NAD+ synthesis in response to FK866-mediated inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and stimulates glycolysis in cardiomyocytes. Accordingly, we show that nicotinamide riboside supplementation in food attenuates the development of heart failure in mice, more robustly in DCM, and partially after transverse aorta constriction, by stabilizing myocardial NAD+ levels in the failing heart. Nicotinamide riboside treatment also robustly increases the myocardial levels of 3 metabolites, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, methylnicotinamide, and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, that can be used as validation biomarkers for the treatment. CONCLUSIONS The data show that nicotinamide riboside, the most energy-efficient among NAD precursors, could be useful for treatment of heart failure, notably in the context of DCM, a disease with few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diguet
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.)
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (S.A.J.T., C.B.)
| | - Cynthia Tannous
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.).,Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Robin Deloux
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.).,Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | | | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Plateforme PECMV, UMS28, Paris, France (N.M.)
| | - Anne Gouge
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.)
| | - Mélanie Gressette
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Boris Manoury
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Jocelyne Blanc
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.).,Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Marie Breton
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Jean-François Decaux
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.)
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (G.G.L.)
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B.)
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and EA3072, Université de Strasbourg, France (J.Z.)
| | - Anne Garnier
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.)
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, France (N.D., C.T., R.D., A. Gouge, J.B., J.-F.D., Z.L.)
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (S.A.J.T., C.B.)
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, University Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris- Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (C.T., R.D., J.P., M.G., B.M., M.B., A. Garnier, M.M.).
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39
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van Eldik W, den Adel B, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Salvatori D, Maas S, van der Made I, Creemers EE, Frank D, Frey N, Boontje N, van der Velden J, Steendijk P, Mummery C, Passier R, Beqqali A. Z-disc protein CHAPb induces cardiomyopathy and contractile dysfunction in the postnatal heart. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189139. [PMID: 29206857 PMCID: PMC5716575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The Z-disc is a crucial structure of the sarcomere and is implicated in mechanosensation/transduction. Dysregulation of Z-disc proteins often result in cardiomyopathy. We have previously shown that the Z-disc protein Cytoskeletal Heart-enriched Actin-associated Protein (CHAP) is essential for cardiac and skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, the CHAP gene has been associated with atrial fibrillation in humans. Here, we studied the misregulated expression of CHAP isoforms in heart disease. Methods and results Mice that underwent transverse aortic constriction and calcineurin transgenic (Tg) mice, both models of experimental heart failure, displayed a significant increase in cardiac expression of fetal isoform CHAPb. To investigate whether increased expression of CHAPb postnatally is sufficient to induce cardiomyopathy, we generated CHAPb Tg mice under the control of the cardiac-specific αMHC promoter. CHAPb Tg mice displayed cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and enlargement of the left atrium at three months, which was more pronounced at the age of six months. Hypertrophy and fibrosis were confirmed by evidence of activation of the hypertrophic gene program (Nppa, Nppb, Myh7) and increased collagen expression, respectively. Connexin40 and 43 were downregulated in the left atrium, which was associated with delayed atrioventricular conduction. Tg hearts displayed both systolic and diastolic dysfunction partly caused by impaired sarcomere function evident from a reduced force generating capacity of single cardiomyocytes. This co-incided with activation of the actin signalling pathway leading to the formation of stress fibers. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the fetal isoform CHAPb initiates progression towards cardiac hypertrophy, which is accompanied by delayed atrioventricular conduction and diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, CHAP may be a novel therapeutic target or candidate gene for screening in cardiomyopathies and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn van Eldik
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit den Adel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniela Salvatori
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Maas
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E. Creemers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicky Boontje
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Steendijk
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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40
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Deloux R, Vitiello D, Mougenot N, Noirez P, Li Z, Mericskay M, Ferry A, Agbulut O. Voluntary Exercise Improves Cardiac Function and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:899. [PMID: 29187823 PMCID: PMC5694775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite the indubitable beneficial effect of exercise to prevent of cardiovascular diseases, there is still a lack of studies investigating the impact of exercise in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we investigated the impact of voluntary exercise on cardiac function in a mouse model of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf), induced by cardiac-specific inactivation of the Serum Response Factor. Materials and Methods: Seven days after tamoxifen injection, 20 αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice were assigned to sedentary (n = 8) and exercise (n = 12) groups. Seven additional αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice without tamoxifen injection were used as control. The exercise group performed 4 weeks of voluntary running on wheel (1.8 ± 0.12 km/day). Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and mitochondrial energetic pathways were then blindly assessed. Results: Exercised mice exhibited a smaller decrease of left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared to control mice. This was associated with a lower degree of LV remodeling in exercised mice, as shown by a lower LV end-systolic intrerventricular septal and posterior wall thickness decrease from baseline values compared to sedentary mice. Moreover, exercised mice displayed a reduced gene expression of atrial and brain natriuretic factors. These benefits were associated by a reduced level of myocardial fibrosis. In addition, exercised mice exhibited a higher mitochondrial aconitase, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 and PPAR gamma coactivators-1 alpha proteins levels suggesting that the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or metabolism slowed the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in exercised animals. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results support the role of voluntary exercise to improve outcomes in non-ischemic dilated heart failure (HF) and also support its potential for a routine clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Deloux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1180, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, EA7329, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMS28, Plateforme d'Expérimentation Coeur, Muscles, Vaisseaux, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, EA7329, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1180, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Myologie, UMR-S 794, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, UMR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 7215, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France
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41
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Dewenter M, von der Lieth A, Katus HA, Backs J. Calcium Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation in Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2017; 121:1000-1020. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca
2+
) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes, Ca
2+
is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse signaling cascades and influences the regulation of gene expression, referred to as excitation–transcription coupling. Disturbances in cellular Ca
2+
-handling and alterations in Ca
2+
-dependent gene expression patterns are pivotal characteristics of failing cardiomyocytes, with several excitation–transcription coupling pathways shown to be critically involved in structural and functional remodeling processes. Thus, targeting Ca
2+
-dependent transcriptional pathways might offer broad therapeutic potential. In this article, we (1) review cytosolic and nuclear Ca
2+
dynamics in cardiomyocytes with respect to their impact on Ca
2+
-dependent signaling, (2) give an overview on Ca
2+
-dependent transcriptional pathways in cardiomyocytes, and (3) discuss implications of excitation–transcription coupling in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dewenter
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Albert von der Lieth
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
| | - Johannes Backs
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics (M.D., A.v.d.L., J.B.) and Department of Cardiology (H.A.K.), Heidelberg University, Germany; and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.D., A.v.d.L., H.A.K., J.B.)
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42
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Rangrez AY, Hoppe P, Kuhn C, Zille E, Frank J, Frey N, Frank D. MicroRNA miR-301a is a novel cardiac regulator of Cofilin-2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183901. [PMID: 28886070 PMCID: PMC5590826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsarcin-1 deficient mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype in pure C57BL/6 genetic background (Cs1-ko) despite severe contractile dysfunction and robust activation of fetal gene program. Here we performed a microRNA microarray to identify the molecular causes of this cardiac phenotype that revealed the dysregulation of several microRNAs including miR-301a, which was highly downregulated in Cs1-ko mice compared to the wild-type littermates. Cofilin-2 (Cfl2) was identified as one of the potential targets of miR-301a using prediction databases, which we validated by luciferase assay and mutation of predicted binding sites. Furthermore, expression of miR-301a contrastingly regulated Cfl2 expression levels in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCM). Along these lines, Cfl2 was significantly upregulated in Cs1-ko mice, indicating the physiological association between miR-301a and Cfl2 in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Cfl2 activated serum response factor response element (SRF-RE) driven luciferase activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in C2C12 cells. Similarly, knockdown of miR301a activated, whereas, its overexpression inhibited the SRF-RE driven luciferase activity, further strengthening physiological interaction between miR-301a and Cfl2. Interestingly, the expression of SRF and its target genes was strikingly increased in Cs1-ko suggesting a possible in vivo correlation between expression levels of Cfl2/miR-301a and SRF activation, which needs to be independently validated. In summary, our data demonstrates that miR-301a regulates Cofilin-2 in vitro in NRVCM, and in vivo in Cs1-ko mice. Our findings provide an additional and important layer of Cfl2 regulation, which we believe has an extended role in cardiac signal transduction and dilated cardiomyopathy presumably due to the reported involvement of Cfl2 in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Phillip Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisa Zille
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johanne Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
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43
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Coletti D, Daou N, Hassani M, Li Z, Parlakian A. Serum Response Factor in Muscle Tissues: From Development to Ageing. Eur J Transl Myol 2016; 26:6008. [PMID: 27478561 PMCID: PMC4942704 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2016.6008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells share various common characteristic features. During development the embryonic mesodermal layer contribute at different proportions to the formation of these tissues. At the functional level, contractility as well as its decline during ageing, are also common features. Cytoskeletal components of these tissues are characterized by various actin isoforms that govern through their status (polymerised versus monomeric) and their interaction with the myosins the contractile properties of these muscles. Finally, at the molecular level, a set of different transcription factors with the notable exception of Serum Response Factor SRF- which is commonly enriched in the 3 types of muscle- drive and maintain the differentiation of these cells (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin for skeletal muscle; Nkx2.5, GATA4 for cardiomyocytes). In this review, we will focus on the transcription factor SRF and its role in the homeostasis of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle tissues as well as its behaviour during the age related remodelling process of these tissues with a specific emphasis on animal models and human data when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Coletti
- Sorbonne University, UPMC, Department of Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS, INSERM U1164, Paris, France; Dept of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Ortopedics, School of Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nissrine Daou
- Sorbonne University, UPMC , Department of Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS, INSERM U1164, Paris, France
| | - Medhi Hassani
- Sorbonne University, UPMC , Department of Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS, INSERM U1164, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne University, UPMC , Department of Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS, INSERM U1164, Paris, France
| | - Ara Parlakian
- Sorbonne University, UPMC , Department of Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS, INSERM U1164, Paris, France
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44
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Liu W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Zhang R, Guan L, Tang Q, Jiang H, Huang C, Huang H. MicroRNA-150 Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2166-76. [PMID: 25639779 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the response of the heart to a variety of hypertrophic stimuli; this condition progresses to heart failure and sudden death. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a family of small, non-coding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing. Recent studies have identified miRs as important regulators in cardiac hypertrophy. One specific miR, miR-150 has been reported to be downregulated in hypertrophic murine hearts. However, the role of miR-150 as a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In the present study, we used gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to investigate the functional roles of miR-150 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by aortic banding. The extent of the cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by echocardiography and by pathological and molecular analyses of heart samples. Our results revealed that transgenic mice that overexpress miR-150 in the heart were resistant to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through down-regulation of serum response factor (SRF). Conversely, the loss of function of miR-150 by genetic knockdown or antagomiR approaches produced the opposite effects. These studies suggest that miR-150 plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and SRF is involved in miR-150 mediated anti-hypertrophic effect. Thus, miR-150 may be a new therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihua Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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45
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Joanne P, Kitsara M, Boitard SE, Naemetalla H, Vanneaux V, Pernot M, Larghero J, Forest P, Chen Y, Menasché P, Agbulut O. Nanofibrous clinical-grade collagen scaffolds seeded with human cardiomyocytes induces cardiac remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathy. Biomaterials 2016; 80:157-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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47
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Kircher P, Hermanns C, Nossek M, Drexler MK, Grosse R, Fischer M, Sarikas A, Penkava J, Lewis T, Prywes R, Gudermann T, Muehlich S. Filamin A interacts with the coactivator MKL1 to promote the activity of the transcription factor SRF and cell migration. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra112. [PMID: 26554816 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) that promotes the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, motility, adhesion, and differentiation-processes that also involve dynamic cytoskeletal changes in the cell. MKL1 is inactive when bound to monomeric globular actin (G-actin), but signals that activate the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA cause actin polymerization and MKL1 dissociation from G-actin. We found a new mechanism of MKL1 activation that is mediated through its binding to filamin A (FLNA), a protein that binds filamentous actin (F-actin). The interaction of FLNA and MKL1 was required for the expression of MKL1 target genes in primary fibroblasts, melanoma, mammary and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We identified the regions of interaction between MKL1 and FLNA, and cells expressing an MKL1 mutant that was unable to bind FLNA exhibited impaired cell migration and reduced expression of MKL1-SRF target genes. Induction and repression of MKL1-SRF target genes correlated with increased or decreased MKL1-FLNA interaction, respectively. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced RhoA activation in primary human fibroblasts promoted the association of endogenous MKL1 with FLNA, whereas exposure to an actin polymerization inhibitor dissociated MKL1 from FLNA and decreased MKL1-SRF target gene expression in melanoma cells. Thus, FLNA functions as a positive cellular transducer linking actin polymerization to MKL1-SRF activity, counteracting the known repressive complex of MKL1 and monomeric G-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kircher
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Constanze Hermanns
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nossek
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Maria Katharina Drexler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Josef Penkava
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Thera Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany. Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich 81377, Germany. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Susanne Muehlich
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany.
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Angelini A, Li Z, Mericskay M, Decaux JF. Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Cardiac Fibrosis by an SRF/MicroRNA-133a Axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139858. [PMID: 26440278 PMCID: PMC4595333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis contributes to the remodeling of heart and the loss of cardiac function leading to heart failure. SRF is a transcription factor implicated in the regulation of a large variety of genes involved in cardiac structure and function. To investigate the impact of an SRF overexpression in heart, we developed a new cardiac-specific and tamoxifen-inducible SRF overexpression mouse model by the Cre/loxP strategy. Here, we report that a high level overexpression of SRF leads to severe modifications of cardiac cytoarchitecture affecting the balance between cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts and also a profound alteration of cardiac gene expression program. The drastic development of fibrosis was characterized by intense sirius red staining and associated with an increased expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, procollagen type 1α1 and type 3α1 and especially connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Furthermore miR-133a, one of the most predominant cardiac miRNAs, is strongly downregulated when SRF is overexpressed. By comparison a low level overexpression of SRF has minor impact on these different processes. Investigation with miR-133a, antimiR-133a and AdSRF-VP16 experiments in H9c2 cardiac cells demonstrated that: 1)–miR-133a acts as a repressor of SRF and CTGF expression; 2)–a simultaneous overexpression of SRF by AdSRF-VP16 and inhibition of miR-133a by a specific antimiR increase CTGF expression; 3)–miR-133a overexpression can block the upregulation of CTGF induced by AdSRF-VP16. Taken together, these findings reveal a key role of the SRF/CTGF/miR-133a axis in the regulation of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), DHU FAST Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8256, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1164, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), DHU FAST Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8256, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1164, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), DHU FAST Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8256, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1164, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JD); (MM)
| | - Jean-François Decaux
- Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), DHU FAST Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8256, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1164, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JD); (MM)
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49
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Myocardin-related transcription factors are required for cardiac development and function. Dev Biol 2015; 406:109-16. [PMID: 26386146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors A and B (MRTF-A and MRTF-B) are highly homologous proteins that function as powerful coactivators of serum response factor (SRF), a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor essential for cardiac development. The SRF/MRTF complex binds to CArG boxes found in the control regions of genes that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and muscle contraction, among other processes. While SRF is required for heart development and function, the role of MRTFs in the developing or adult heart has not been explored. Through cardiac-specific deletion of MRTF alleles in mice, we show that either MRTF-A or MRTF-B is dispensable for cardiac development and function, whereas deletion of both MRTF-A and MRTF-B causes a spectrum of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. Defects observed in MRTF-A/B null mice ranged from reduced cardiac contractility and adult onset heart failure to neonatal lethality accompanied by sarcomere disarray. RNA-seq analysis on neonatal hearts identified the most altered pathways in MRTF double knockout hearts as being involved in cytoskeletal organization. Together, these findings demonstrate redundant but essential roles of the MRTFs in maintenance of cardiac structure and function and as indispensible links in cardiac cytoskeletal gene regulatory networks.
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50
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Deshmukh A, Barnard J, Sun H, Newton D, Castel L, Pettersson G, Johnston D, Roselli E, Gillinov AM, McCurry K, Moravec C, Smith JD, Van Wagoner DR, Chung MK. Left atrial transcriptional changes associated with atrial fibrillation susceptibility and persistence. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014; 8:32-41. [PMID: 25523945 DOI: 10.1161/circep.114.001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior transcriptional studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been limited to specific transcripts, animal models, chronic AF, right atria, or small samples. We sought to characterize the left atrial transcriptome in human AF to distinguish changes related to AF susceptibility and persistence. METHODS AND RESULTS Left atrial appendages from 239 patients stratified by coronary artery disease, valve disease, and AF history (no history of AF, AF history in sinus rhythm at surgery, and AF history in AF at surgery) were selected for genome-wide mRNA microarray profiling. Transcripts were examined for differential expression with AF phenotype group. Enrichment in differentially expressed genes was examined in 3 gene set collections: a transcription factor collection, defined by shared conserved cis-regulatory motifs, a miRNA collection, defined by shared 3' untranslated region motifs, and a molecular function collection, defined by shared Gene Ontology molecular function. AF susceptibility was associated with decreased expression of the targets of CREB/ATF family, heat-shock factor 1, ATF6, SRF, and E2F1 transcription factors. Persistent AF activity was associated with decreased expression in genes and gene sets related to ion channel function consistent with reported functional changes. CONCLUSIONS AF susceptibility was associated with decreased expression of targets of several transcription factors related to inflammation, oxidation, and cellular stress responses. In contrast, changes in ion channel expression were associated with AF activity but were limited in AF susceptibility. Our results suggest that significant transcriptional remodeling marks susceptibility to AF, whereas remodeling of ion channel expression occurs later in the progression or as a consequence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrish Deshmukh
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - John Barnard
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Han Sun
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - David Newton
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Laurie Castel
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Gosta Pettersson
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Douglas Johnston
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Eric Roselli
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - A Marc Gillinov
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Kenneth McCurry
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Christine Moravec
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.D.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B; H.S.), Department of Molecular Cardiology (L.C., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic (J.D.S.), Lerner Research Institute, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., C.M., J.D.S., M.K.C.) and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.P., D.J., E.R., A.M.G., K.M.), Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (C.M., J.D.S., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.).
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