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Huang J, Lin Y, Ding X, Lin S, Li X, Yan W, Chen M. Alteration of the gut microbiome in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106647. [PMID: 38788811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that alterations of the gut microbiome (GM) play a comprehensive role in the pathophysiology of HF. However, findings in this field remain controversial. In this study, we focus on differences in GM diversity and abundance between HF patients and non-HF people, based on previous 16 S ribosomal RNA (16rRNA) gene sequencing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases using the keyword "Heart failure" and "Gastrointestinal Microbiome". A significant decrease in alpha diversity was observed in the HF patients (Chao1, I2 = 87.5 %, p < 0.001; Shannon index, I2 = 62.8 %, p = 0.021). At the phylum level, the HF group exhibited higher abundances of Proteobacteria (I2 = 92.0 %, p = 0.004) and Actinobacteria (I2 = 82.5 %, p = 0.010), while Bacteroidetes (I2 = 45.1 %, p = 0.017) and F/B ratio (I2 = 0.0 %, p<0.001) were lower. The Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend but did not reach statistical significance (I2 = 82.3 %, p = 0.127). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus and Klebsiella were increased in the HF group, whereas Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Dorea and Megamona exhibited decreased relative abundances. Dialister, Blautia and Prevotella showed decreasing trends but without statistical significance. This observational meta-analysis suggests that GM changes are associated with HF, manifesting as alterations in GM abundance, disruptions in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) bacteria, and an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xiangwei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Huang C, Li X, Li H, Chen R, Li Z, Li D, Xu X, Zhang G, Qin L, Li B, Chu XM. Role of gut microbiota in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: from pathogenesis to related interventions. J Transl Med 2024; 22:433. [PMID: 38720361 PMCID: PMC11077873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer agent, but its clinical implication is limited by lethal cardiotoxicity. Growing evidences have shown that alterations in intestinal microbial composition and function, namely dysbiosis, are closely linked to the progression of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) through regulating the gut-microbiota-heart (GMH) axis. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in DIC, however, is largely unelucidated. Our review will focus on the potential mechanism between gut microbiota dysbiosis and DIC, so as to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DIC. Furthermore, we summarize the underlying interventions of microbial-targeted therapeutics in DIC, encompassing dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, antibiotics, and natural phytochemicals. Given the emergence of microbial investigation in DIC, finally we aim to point out a novel direction for future research and clinical intervention of DIC, which may be helpful for the DIC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Luning Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China.
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Seefeldt JM, Homilius C, Hansen J, Lassen TR, Jespersen NR, Jensen RV, Boedtkjer E, Bøtker HE, Nielsen R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Is an Inotropic Agent With Vasorelaxant and Cardioprotective Properties. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033744. [PMID: 38686853 PMCID: PMC11179878 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart can metabolize the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Butyrate may have beneficial effects in heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that butyrate elevates cardiac output by mechanisms involving direct stimulation of cardiac contractility and vasorelaxation in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of butyrate on (1) in vivo hemodynamics using parallel echocardiographic and invasive blood pressure measurements, (2) isolated perfused hearts in Langendorff systems under physiological conditions and after ischemia and reperfusion, and (3) isolated coronary arteries mounted in isometric wire myographs. We tested Na-butyrate added to injection solutions or physiological buffers and compared its effects with equimolar doses of NaCl. Butyrate at plasma concentrations of 0.56 mM increased cardiac output by 48.8±14.9%, stroke volume by 38.5±12.1%, and left ventricular ejection fraction by 39.6±6.2%, and lowered systemic vascular resistance by 33.5±6.4% without affecting blood pressure or heart rate in vivo. In the range between 0.1 and 5 mM, butyrate increased left ventricular systolic pressure by up to 23.7±3.4% in isolated perfused hearts and by 9.4±2.9% following ischemia and reperfusion, while reducing myocardial infarct size by 81.7±16.9%. Butyrate relaxed isolated coronary septal arteries concentration dependently with an EC50=0.57 mM (95% CI, 0.23-1.44). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that butyrate elevates cardiac output through mechanisms involving increased cardiac contractility and vasorelaxation. This effect of butyrate was not associated with adverse myocardial injury in damaged hearts exposed to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Marthinsen Seefeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Roni Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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Figueiredo JC, Bhowmick NA, Karlstaedt A. Metabolic basis of cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:138-147. [PMID: 38386340 PMCID: PMC11185275 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationship between metabolism and cardiovascular diseases is complex and bidirectional. Cardiac cells must adapt metabolic pathways to meet biosynthetic demands and energy requirements to maintain contractile function. During cancer, this homeostasis is challenged by the increased metabolic demands of proliferating cancer cells. RECENT FINDINGS Tumors have a systemic metabolic impact that extends beyond the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolism is critical to cancer cell proliferation, metabolic adaptation, and increased cardiovascular risk. Metabolites serve as signals which provide insights for diagnosis and prognosis in cardio-oncology patients. SUMMARY Metabolic processes demonstrate a complex relationship between cancer cell states and cardiovascular remodeling with potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Neil Adri Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Tan W, Wang Y, Cheng S, Liu Z, Xie M, Song L, Qiu Q, Wang X, Li Z, Liu T, Guo F, Wang J, Zhou X. AdipoRon ameliorates the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction via mitigating lipid accumulation and fibrosis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00077-8. [PMID: 38382593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and imbalance in lipid homeostasis contribute greatly to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the dominant form of heart failure. Few effective therapies exist to control metabolic alterations and lipid homeostasis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the cardioprotective roles of AdipoRon, the adiponectin receptor agonist, in regulating lipid accumulation in the two-hit HFpEF model. METHODS HFpEF mouse model was induced using 60 % high-fat diet plus L-NAME drinking water. Then, AdipoRon (50 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered by gavage to the two-hit HFpEF mouse model once daily for 4 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and Postmortem analysis included RNA-sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology methods. RESULTS Our study presents the pioneering evidence that AdipoR was downregulated and impaired fatty acid oxidation in the myocardia of HFpEF mice, which was associated with lipid metabolism as indicated by untargeted metabolomics. AdipoRon, orally active synthetic adiponectin receptor agonist, could upregulate AdipoR1/2 (independently of adiponectin) and reduce lipid droplet accumulation, and alleviate fibrosis to restore HFpEF phenotypes. Finally, AdipoRon primarily exerted its effects through restoring the balance of myocardial fatty acid intake, transport, and oxidation via the downstream AMPKα or PPARα signaling pathways. The protective effects of AdipoRon in HFpEF mice were reversed by compound C and GW6471, inhibitors of AMPKα and PPARα, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AdipoRon ameliorated the HFpEF phenotype by promoting myocardial fatty acid oxidation, decreasing fatty acid transport, and inhibiting fibrosis via the upregulation of AdipoR and the activation of AdipoR1/AMPKα and AdipoR2/PPARα-related downstream pathways. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of AdipoRon in HFpEF. Importantly, all these parameters get restored in the context of continued mechanical and metabolic stressors associated with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lingpeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qinfang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Shi B, Li H, He X. Advancing lifelong precision medicine for cardiovascular diseases through gut microbiota modulation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323237. [PMID: 38411391 PMCID: PMC10900281 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known as the tenth system of the human body that plays a vital role in the intersection between health and disease. The considerable inter-individual variability in gut microbiota poses both challenges and great prospects in promoting precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, based on the development, evolution, and influencing factors of gut microbiota in a full life circle, we summarized the recent advances on the characteristic alteration in gut microbiota in CVDs throughout different life stages, and depicted their pathological links in mechanism, as well as the highlight achievements of targeting gut microbiota in CVDs prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Personalized strategies could be tailored according to gut microbiota characteristics in different life stages, including gut microbiota-blood metabolites combined prediction and diagnosis, dietary interventions, lifestyle improvements, probiotic or prebiotic supplements. However, to fulfill the promise of a lifelong cardiovascular health, more mechanism studies should progress from correlation to causality and decipher novel mechanisms linking specific microbes and CVDs. It is also promising to use the burgeoning artificial intelligence and machine learning to target gut microbiota for developing diagnosis system and screening for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhong Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gao S, Liu XP, Li TT, Chen L, Feng YP, Wang YK, Yin YJ, Little PJ, Wu XQ, Xu SW, Jiang XD. Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): from metabolic pathobiology to drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:23-35. [PMID: 37644131 PMCID: PMC10770177 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently a preeminent challenge for cardiovascular medicine. It has a poor prognosis, increasing mortality, and is escalating in prevalence worldwide. Despite accounting for over 50% of all HF patients, the mechanistic underpinnings driving HFpEF are poorly understood, thus impeding the discovery and development of mechanism-based therapies. HFpEF is a disease syndrome driven by diverse comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and obesity, pulmonary hypertension, aging, and atrial fibrillation. There is a lack of high-fidelity animal models that faithfully recapitulate the HFpEF phenotype, owing primarily to the disease heterogeneity, which has hampered our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF. This review provides an updated overview of the currently available animal models of HFpEF and discusses their characteristics from the perspective of energy metabolism. Interventional strategies for efficiently utilizing energy substrates in preclinical HFpEF models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Xue-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yi-Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Xiao-Qian Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
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Vite A, Matsuura TR, Bedi KC, Flam EL, Arany Z, Kelly DP, Margulies KB. Functional Impact of Alternative Metabolic Substrates in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:1-15. [PMID: 38362346 PMCID: PMC10864907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that metabolic dysregulation in patients with heart failure might contribute to myocardial contractile dysfunction. To understand the correlation between function and energy metabolism, we studied the impact of different fuel substrates on human nonfailing or failing cardiomyocytes. Consistent with the concept of metabolic flexibility, nonfailing myocytes exhibited excellent contractility in all fuels provided. However, impaired contractility was observed in failing myocytes when carbohydrates alone were used but was improved when additional substrates were added. This study demonstrates the functional significance of fuel utilization shifts in failing human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Vite
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R. Matsuura
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily L. Flam
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolic mechanisms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: new paradigms and challenges. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:812-829. [PMID: 37237146 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is vital for heart function. Given that cardiac contraction requires a continuous supply of ATP in large quantities, the role of fuel metabolism in the heart has been mostly considered from the perspective of energy production. However, the consequence of metabolic remodelling in the failing heart is not limited to a compromised energy supply. The rewired metabolic network generates metabolites that can directly regulate signalling cascades, protein function, gene transcription and epigenetic modifications, thereby affecting the overall stress response of the heart. In addition, metabolic changes in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes contribute to the development of cardiac pathologies. In this Review, we first summarize how energy metabolism is altered in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure of different aetiologies, followed by a discussion of emerging concepts in cardiac metabolic remodelling, that is, the non-energy-generating function of metabolism. We highlight challenges and open questions in these areas and finish with a brief perspective on how mechanistic research can be translated into therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Nandy A, Helderman RCM, Thapa S, Jayapalan S, Richards A, Narayani N, Czech MP, Rosen CJ, Rendina-Ruedy E. Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status. Bone Res 2023; 11:62. [PMID: 38001111 PMCID: PMC10673934 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders. Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts, although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function. Here, we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation. As such, we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation. Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function. The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions. In vivo, conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism. Collectively, our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets, which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited. Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation, specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Nandy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ron C M Helderman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shobana Jayapalan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alison Richards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nikita Narayani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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11
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Wang A, Li Z, Sun Z, Zhang D, Ma X. Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids bridge cardiac and systemic metabolism and immunity in heart failure. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109370. [PMID: 37245797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a group of complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality and has a significant global health burden. Inflammation and metabolic disorders are closely related to the development of HF, which are complex and depend on the severity and type of HF and common metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. An increasing body of evidence indicates the importance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating cardiac function. In addition, SCFAs represent a unique class of metabolites and play a distinct role in shaping systemic immunity and metabolism. In this review, we reveal the role of SCFAs as a link between metabolism and immunity, which regulate cardiac and systemic immune and metabolic systems by acting as energy substrates, inhibiting the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) regulated genes and activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling. Ultimately cardiac efficiency is improved, cardiac inflammation alleviated and cardiac function in failing hearts enhanced. In conclusion, SCFAs represent a new therapeutic approach for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.
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12
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Lewandowski ED. Metabolic flux in the driver's seat during cardiac health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:15-24. [PMID: 37451081 PMCID: PMC10529670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function is a dynamic process that must adjust efficiently to the immediate demands of physical state and activity. So too, the metabolic support of cardiac function is a dynamic process that must respond, in time, to the demands of cardiac function and viability. Flux through metabolic pathways provides chemical energy and generates signaling molecules that regulate activity among intracellular compartments to meet these demands. Thus, flux through metabolic pathways provides a dynamic mode of support of cardiomyocytes during physiological and pathophysiological challenges. Any inability of metabolic flux to keep pace with the demands of the cardiomyocyte results in progressive dysfunction that contributes to cardiac disease. Thus, the priority in maintaining and regulating flux through metabolic pathways in the cardiomyocyte cannot be understated. Great potential exists in current efforts to elucidate metabolic mechanisms as therapeutic targets for the diseased heart. As a consequence, detecting metabolic flux in the functioning myocardium of the heart, under normal and diseased conditions, is essential in elucidating the metabolic basis of contractile dysfunction. As a companion to the 2022 ISHR Research Achievement Award lecture, this review examines the use and applications of stable isotope kinetics to quantify metabolic flux through intermediary pathways and the exchange and transport of intermediates across the mitochondrial membrane and sarcolemma of intact functioning hearts in determining how these intracellular events are coordinated to support cardiac function and health. Finally, this work reviews recently demonstrated metabolic defects in diseased hearts and the potential for metabolic alleviation of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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13
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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14
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Lenzi A, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Vivaldi FM, Salvo P, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. HiSorb sorptive extraction for determining salivary short chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in heart failure patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123826. [PMID: 37481789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Variations in salivary short-chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids (e.g., lactic acid, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid) levels have been suggested to reflect the dysbiosis of human gut microbiota, which represents an additional factor involved in the onset of heart failure (HF) disease. The physical-chemical properties of these metabolites combined with the complex composition of biological matrices mean that sample pre-treatment procedures are almost unavoidable. This work describes a reliable, simple, and organic solvent free protocol for determining short-chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in stimulated saliva samples collected from heart failure, obese, and hypertensive patients. The procedure is based on in-situ pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB-Br) derivatization and HiSorb sorptive extraction coupled to thermal desorption and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The HiSorb extraction device is completely compatible with aqueous matrices, thus saving on time and materials associated with organic solvent-extraction methods. A Central Composite Face-Centred experimental design was used for the optimization of the molar ratio between PFB-Br and target analytes, the derivatization temperature, and the reaction time which were 100, 60 °C, and 180 min, respectively. Detection limits in the range 0.1-100 µM were reached using a small amount of saliva (20 µL). The use of sodium acetate-1-13C as an internal standard improved the intra- and inter-day precision of the method which ranged from 10 to 23%. The optimized protocol was successfully applied for what we believe is the first time to evaluate the salivary levels of short chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in saliva samples of four groups of patients: i) patients admitted to hospital with acute HF symptoms, ii) patients with chronic HF symptoms, iii) patients without HF symptoms but with obesity, and iv) patients without HF symptoms but with hypertension. The first group of patients showed significantly higher levels of salivary acetic acid and lactic acid at hospital admission as well as the lowest values of hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid. Moreover, the significant high levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid observed in HF respect to the other patients suggest the potential link between oral bacteria and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 3, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Chen A, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota in heart failure and related interventions. IMETA 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38867928 PMCID: PMC10989798 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a sophisticated syndrome with structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, either causing symptoms and signs or being asymptomatic. HF is a major global health issue affecting about 64.3 million people worldwide. The gut microbiota refers to the complex ecosystem of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, in the gut. Studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is associated with many diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases. The gut hypothesis of HF suggests that low cardiac output and systemic circulation congestion would cause insufficient intestinal perfusion, leading to ischemia and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The resulting bacterial translocation would contribute to inflammation. Recent studies have refined the hypothesis that changes of metabolites in the gut microbiota have a close relationship with HF. Thus, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for HF due to both its critical role in regulating host physiology and metabolism and its pivotal role in the development of HF. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the gut microbiota's involvement in HF, including the introduction of the gut hypothesis of HF, its association with HF progression, the potential mechanisms involved mediated by the gut microbiota metabolites, and the impact of various interventions on the gut microbiota, including dietary interventions, probiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, and so on. While the gut hypothesis of HF is refined with up-to-date knowledge and the gut microbiota presents a promising target for HF therapy, further research is still needed to further understand the underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and HF, the efficacy of these interventions, and contribute to the health of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Tian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular MedicationsNational Health CommitteeBeijingChina
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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16
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Zheng J, Hukportie DN, Zhang Y, Huang J, Ni C, Lip GYH, Tang S. Association Between Glucosamine Use and the Risk of Incident Heart Failure: The UK Biobank Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1177-1191. [PMID: 37422736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between regular glucosamine intake and heart failure (HF) and to explore whether the association is mediated by relevant cardiovascular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 479,650 participants with data available for supplement use and without HF at baseline from the UK Biobank study. Using 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to HF, a weighted genetic risk score was calculated. We evaluated the association between glucosamine use and HF by Cox regression models after inverse probability of treatment weighting. A validation and mediation analysis were performed through two-sample Mendelian randomization. The study was from May 18, 2006, to February 16, 2018. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.0 (IQR, 8.3-9.8) years, we documented 5501 incident cases of HF. In multivariable analysis, the HR of glucosamine users for HF was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.94). The inverse associations were stronger in males and participants with unfavorable lifestyle (P<.05 for interaction). Genetic risk categories did not modify this association (P>.05 for interaction). Multivariable Mendelian randomization showed that taking glucosamine was protective against HF (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). The mediated proportion of coronary heart disease and stroke were 10.5% (95% CI, 7.6% to 13.4%) and 14.4% (95% CI, 10.8% to 18.0%), respectively. The two-mediator combination accounted for 22.7% (95% CI, 17.2% to 28.2%) of the effect of glucosamine use. CONCLUSION Regular glucosamine supplementation was associated with a lower risk of HF regardless of genetic risk status, and to a lesser extent, coronary heart disease and stroke mediated this effect. The results may inform novel pathway for prevention and intervention toward HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zheng
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yingchai Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinghan Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; Biomedical Genetics Section, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Can Ni
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shaojun Tang
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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17
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Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:443-462. [PMID: 36609604 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In the failing heart, nutrient transport into cardiomyocytes is increased, but nutrient utilization is impaired, leading to deficient ATP production and the cytosolic accumulation of deleterious glucose and lipid by-products. These by-products trigger downregulation of cytoprotective nutrient-deprivation pathways, thereby promoting cellular stress and undermining cellular survival. SGLT2 inhibitors restore cellular homeostasis through three complementary mechanisms: they might bind directly to nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus sensors to promote their cytoprotective actions; they can increase the synthesis of ATP by promoting mitochondrial health (mediated by increasing autophagic flux) and potentially by alleviating the cytosolic deficiency in ferrous iron; and they might directly inhibit glucose transporter type 1, thereby diminishing the cytosolic accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products and promoting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The increase in autophagic flux mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors also promotes the clearance of harmful glucose and lipid by-products and the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, allowing for mitochondrial renewal through mitochondrial biogenesis. This Review describes the orchestrated interplay between nutrient transport and metabolism and nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus signalling, to explain how SGLT2 inhibitors reverse the profound nutrient, metabolic and cellular abnormalities observed in heart failure, thereby restoring the myocardium to a healthy molecular and cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
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18
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Maurya SK, Carley AN, Maurya CK, Lewandowski ED. Western Diet Causes Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Metabolic Shifts After Diastolic Dysfunction and Novel Cardiac Lipid Derangements. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:422-435. [PMID: 37138801 PMCID: PMC10149654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Western diet (WD) impairs glucose tolerance and cardiac lipid dynamics, preceding heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in mice. Unlike diabetic db/db mice with high cardiac triglyceride (TG) and rapid TG turnover, WD mice had high TG but slowed turnover, reducing lipolytic PPAR⍺ activation. WD deranged cardiac TG dynamics by imbalancing synthesis and lipolysis, with low cardiac TG lipase (ATGL), low ATGL co-activator, and high ATGL inhibitory peptide. By 24 weeks of WD, hearts shifted from diastolic dysfunction to diastolic dysfunction with HFrEF with decreases in GLUT4 and exogenous glucose oxidation and elevated β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 without increasing ketone oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew N. Carley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandan K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - E. Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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19
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Abstract
The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are hepatically produced metabolites catabolized in extrahepatic organs. Ketone bodies are a critical cardiac fuel and have diverse roles in the regulation of cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, and cellular crosstalk in multiple organs that mediate disease. This review focuses on the role of cardiac ketone metabolism in health and disease with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of ketosis as a treatment for heart failure (HF). Cardiac metabolic reprogramming, characterized by diminished mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, contributes to cardiac dysfunction and pathologic remodeling during the development of HF. Growing evidence supports an adaptive role for ketone metabolism in HF to promote normal cardiac function and attenuate disease progression. Enhanced cardiac ketone utilization during HF is mediated by increased availability due to systemic ketosis and a cardiac autonomous upregulation of ketolytic enzymes. Therapeutic strategies designed to restore high-capacity fuel metabolism in the heart show promise to address fuel metabolic deficits that underpin the progression of HF. However, the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of ketone bodies in HF have yet to be defined and represent important future lines of inquiry. In addition to use as an energy substrate for cardiac mitochondrial oxidation, ketone bodies modulate myocardial utilization of glucose and fatty acids, two vital energy substrates that regulate cardiac function and hypertrophy. The salutary effects of ketone bodies during HF may also include extra-cardiac roles in modulating immune responses, reducing fibrosis, and promoting angiogenesis and vasodilation. Additional pleotropic signaling properties of beta-hydroxybutyrate and AcAc are discussed including epigenetic regulation and protection against oxidative stress. Evidence for the benefit and feasibility of therapeutic ketosis is examined in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, ongoing clinical trials are reviewed for perspective on translation of ketone therapeutics for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Matsuura
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Peter A. Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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20
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Matsiras D, Bezati S, Ventoulis I, Verras C, Parissis J, Polyzogopoulou E. Gut Failure: A Review of the Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potentials in the Gut-Heart Axis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2567. [PMID: 37048650 PMCID: PMC10095379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the field, heart failure (HF) still poses a significant disease burden among affected individuals since it continues to cause high morbidity and mortality rates. Inflammation is considered to play a key role in disease progression, but the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved have not yet been fully elucidated. The gut, as a potential source of inflammation, could feasibly explain the state of low-grade inflammation seen in patients with chronic HF. Several derangements in the composition of the microbiota population, coupled with an imbalance between favorable and harmful metabolites and followed by gut barrier disruption and eventually bacterial translocation, could contribute to cardiac dysfunction and aggravate HF. On the other hand, HF-associated congestion and hypoperfusion alters intestinal function, thereby creating a vicious cycle. Based on this evidence, novel pharmaceutical agents have been developed and their potential therapeutic use has been tested in both animal and human subjects. The ultimate goal in these efforts is to reverse the aforementioned intestinal derangements and block the inflammation cascade. This review summarizes the gut-related causative pathways implicated in HF pathophysiology, as well as the associated therapeutic interventions described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysis Matsiras
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Bezati
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Christos Verras
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Effie Polyzogopoulou
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Emergency Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
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21
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Huang B, Lin H, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Zhou B, Zhuo Z, Sha W, Wei J, Luo L, Zhang H, Chen K. Identification of shared fatty acid metabolism related signatures in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO847. [PMID: 37056578 PMCID: PMC10088053 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: It is to be elucidated the risk-predictive role of differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism related genes (DE-FRGs) in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocardial infarction. Materials & methods: Four gene enrichment analyses defined DE-FRGs’ biological functions and pathways. Three strategies were applied to identify risk biomarkers and construct a nomogram. The 4-DE-FRG correlation with immune cell infiltration, drugs, and ceRNA was explored. Results: DE-FRGs were enriched in lipid metabolism. A risk nomogram was established by ACSL1, ALDH2, CYP27A1 and PPARA, demonstrating a good ability for DCM and myocardial infarction prediction. PPARA was positively correlated with adaptive immunocytes. Thirty-five drugs are candidate therapeutic targets. Conclusion: A nomogram and new biological targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DCM and myocardial infarction were provided.
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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23
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Yu W, Jiang Y, Xu H, Zhou Y. The Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Mechanism to Potential Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020442. [PMID: 36830978 PMCID: PMC9953339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease for which there is no definite and effective treatment, and the number of patients is more than 50% of heart failure (HF) patients. Gut microbiota (GMB) is a general term for a group of microbiota living in humans' intestinal tracts, which has been proved to be related to cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. In HFpEF patients, the composition of GMB is significantly changed, and there has been a tendency toward dysbacteriosis. Metabolites of GMB, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) mediate various pathophysiological mechanisms of HFpEF. GMB is a crucial influential factor in inflammation, which is considered to be one of the main causes of HFpEF. The role of GMB in its important comorbidity-metabolic syndrome-also mediates HFpEF. Moreover, HF would aggravate intestinal barrier impairment and microbial translocation, further promoting the disease progression. In view of these mechanisms, drugs targeting GMB may be one of the effective ways to treat HFpEF. This review focuses on the interaction of GMB and HFpEF and analyzes potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: 86-512-65955057
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Li Z, Wang K, Ding Y, Ma W, Sun Y, Liu X, Qian L, Li Y, Hong J, Xu D. Dapagliflozin modulates the faecal microbiota after myocardial infarction in non-diabetic mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:68-81. [PMID: 36164968 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota seems to be a major modulator of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), is an antidiabetic agent that was recently utilized in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the faecal microbiota of postinfarction non-diabetic mice. A total of 19 male mice were randomly divided into three groups, where two groups were enduced with myocardial infarction (MI) by left anterior descending ligation. One day after the surgery, each group was administered normal saline (15 mL/kg/day, 0.9%) or dapagliflozin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was obtained on day 28 post MI. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the degree of fibrosis. Faecal samples were collected to assess the microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that dapagliflozin significantly improved cardiac function in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction mice model after the 28-day treatment, especially in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (p < 0.01). Enterotypes were composed of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae after dapagliflozin treatment, while Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were the main enterotypes post-MI. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillaceae, while decreasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacteriaceae. It was interesting to discover that Proteobacteria (especially Desulfovibrionaceae) were enriched after the dapagliflozin treatment for myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of the main beneficial bacteria. In post-myocardial infarction treatments, using dapagliflozin could positively contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and alter the structure of faecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinzhang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Peng J, Gong H, Lyu X, Liu Y, Li S, Tan S, Dong L, Zhang X. Characteristics of the fecal microbiome and metabolome in older patients with heart failure and sarcopenia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127041. [PMID: 36909727 PMCID: PMC9998919 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in patients with heart failure. Muscle wasting is an independent predictor of death in heart failure patients. Aims In this study, we aimed to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites in heart failure patients with or without sarcopenia. Methods Fecal samples of 33 heart failure patients without sarcopenia, 29 heart failure patients with sarcopenia, and 15 controls were collected. The intestinal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and the metabolites were detected using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Results There were significant differences in the overall microbial community structure and diversity between control and heart failure patients with or without sarcopenia. However, no clear clustering of samples was observed in heart failure with and without sarcopenia patients. Several bacterial, particularly Nocardiaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Alphaproteobacteria, and Slackia were significantly enriched in the heart failure patients without sarcopenia, while Synergistetes was more abundant in the heart failure patients with sarcopenia. Isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid were lower in heart failure patients with sarcopenia than that without sarcopenia but lacked significance. Conclusions This study demonstrates that there are differences in the gut microbiota between control individuals and heart failure patients with or without sarcopenia. Modulating the gut microbiota may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Zhang,
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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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27
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Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yin X, Yuan F, Wang S, Tian Y. Acetate suppresses myocardial contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1111156. [PMID: 36589441 PMCID: PMC9800787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has high energy requirements, with an estimated 40%-60% of myocardial ATP production derived from the oxidation of fatty acids under physiological conditions. However, the effect of short-chain fatty acids on myocardial contraction remains controversial, warranting further research. The present study sought to investigate the effects and mechanisms of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, on myocardial contraction in rat ventricular myocytes. Echocardiography and Langendorff heart perfusion were used to evaluate cardiac function. Cell shortening and calcium transient were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. The patch-clamp method determined the action potential and L-type Ca2+ current in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the expression of GPR43, a type of short-chain fatty acid receptors in cardiomyocytes was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot. We demonstrated that acetate transiently reduced left ventricular developmental pressure in isolated Langendorff heart perfusion model, with no effect on stroke volume and cardiac output in vivo. In addition, acetate transiently and reversibly inhibited cardiomyocyte contraction and calcium transient. Acetate did not affect the action potential and L-type Ca2+ currents in cardiomyocytes. As a short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43 was expressed in rat cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the GPR43 antagonist GLPG0974 prevented the acetate-induced inhibitory effect on myocardial contraction. We conclude that acetate transiently inhibits contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Wang, ; Yanming Tian,
| | - Yanming Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Sheng Wang, ; Yanming Tian,
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28
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Hu T, Wu Q, Yao Q, Jiang K, Yu J, Tang Q. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism and multiple effects on cardiovascular diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101706. [PMID: 35932976 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and fatty acid metabolism has been well studied. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been less discussed than long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, increasing evidence indicates the importance of SCFAs in regulating cardiac function. Here, we summarize the current understanding of SCFAs in hypertension, ischaemic reperfusion, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and heart failure. Most SCFAs exert positive effects in regulating related diseases. Butyrate and propionate can reduce blood pressure, improve I/R injury and decrease the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. Acetate can also play a positive role in regulating hypertension and preventing atherosclerosis, and malonate can improve cardiac function after MI. They affect these diseases by regulating inflammation, the immune system and related G protein-coupled receptors, with multiple neurohumoural regulation participation. In contrast, succinate can accelerate IR injury, increasing mitochondrial ROS production. SCFAs ultimately affect the regulation of different pathophysiological processes in heart failure. Here, we clarified the importance of short-chain fatty acids in the cardiovascular system and their multiple effects in various pathophysiological processes, providing new insights into their promising clinical application. More research should be conducted to further elucidate the underlying mechanism and different effects of single or multiple SCFA supplementation on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Kebing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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29
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Lu PP, Dai GC, Zhang M, Wang H, Rui YF. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:46-60. [PMID: 36196151 PMCID: PMC9520092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in enhanced bone fragility and related fractures. The postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has a relatively high proportion, and numerous studies reveal that estrogen-deficiency is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota (GM), impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function and enhanced inflammatory reactivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and the existing interventions are also scarce. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model induced by ovariectomy (OVX) and conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by gavage every day for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the bone mass and microarchitecture of mice were evaluated by the micro computed tomography (Micro-CT). The intestinal permeability, pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines expression, osteogenic and osteoclastic activities were detected by the immunohistological analysis, histological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis accordingly. Additionally, the composition and abundance of GM were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level was measured by metabolomics. Results Our results demonstrated that FMT inhibited the excessive osteoclastogenesis and prevented the OVX-induced bone loss. Specifically, compared with the OVX group, FMT enhanced the expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Occludin) and suppressed the release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)). Furthermore, FMT also optimized the composition and abundance of GM, and increased the fecal SCFAs level (mainly acetic acid and propionic acid). Conclusions Collectively, based on GM-bone axis, FMT prevented the OVX-induced bone loss by correcting the imbalance of GM, improving the SCFAs level, optimizing the intestinal permeability and suppressing the release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, which may be an alternative option to serve as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of PMOP in the future. The translational potential of this article This study indicates the ingenious involvement of GM-bone axis in PMOP and the role of FMT in reshaping the status of GM and ameliorating the bone loss in OVX-induced mice. FMT might serve as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of PMOP in the future.
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut-Heart Axis: Their Role in the Pathology of Heart Failure. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111805. [PMID: 36579524 PMCID: PMC9695649 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with global clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide owing to its poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the possible contribution of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on the pathology of a variety of diseases. The changes of SCFA concentration were reported to be observed in various cardiovascular diseases including HF in experimental animals and humans. HF causes hypoperfusion and/or congestion in the gut, which may lead to lowered production of SCFAs, possibly through the pathological changes of the gut microenvironment including microbiota composition. Recent studies suggest that SCFAs may play a significant role in the pathology of HF, possibly through an agonistic effect on G-protein-coupled receptors, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition, restoration of mitochondrial function, amelioration of cardiac inflammatory response, its utilization as an energy source, and remote effect attributable to a protective effect on the other organs. Collectively, in the pathology of HF, SCFAs might play a significant role as a key mediator in the gut-heart axis. However, these possible mechanisms have not been entirely clarified and need further investigation.
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31
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zheng Y, Jiang J. Exosomes and Exosomal Cargos: A Promising World for Ventricular Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4699-4719. [PMID: 36217495 PMCID: PMC9547598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a pluripotent group of extracellular nanovesicles secreted by all cells that mediate intercellular communications. The effective information within exosomes is primarily reflected in exosomal cargos, including proteins, lipids, DNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the most intensively studied molecules. Cardiac resident cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and foreign cells (infiltrated immune cells, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) are involved in the progress of ventricular remodeling (VR) following myocardial infarction (MI) via transferring exosomes into target cells. Here, we summarize the pathological mechanisms of VR following MI, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders, and the roles of exosomal cargos in these processes, with a focus on proteins and ncRNAs. Continued research in this field reveals a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Jiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 135 8870 6891, Email
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Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Selvaraj S, Fu Z, Jones P, Kwee LC, Windsor SL, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Margulies KB, Husain M, Inzucchi SE, McGuire DK, Pitt B, Scirica BM, Lanfear DE, Nassif ME, Javaheri A, Mentz RJ, Kosiborod MN, Shah SH. Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: DEFINE-HF. Circulation 2022; 146:808-818. [PMID: 35603596 PMCID: PMC9474658 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are foundational therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but underlying mechanisms of benefit are not well defined. We sought to investigate the relationships between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment, changes in metabolic pathways, and outcomes using targeted metabolomics. METHODS DEFINE-HF (Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms and Functional Status in Patients With HF With Reduced Ejection Fraction) was a placebo-controlled trial of dapagliflozin in HFrEF. We performed targeted mass spectrometry profiling of 63 metabolites (45 acylcarnitines [markers of fatty acid oxidation], 15 amino acids, and 3 conventional metabolites) in plasma samples at randomization and 12 weeks. Using mixed models, we identified principal components analysis-defined metabolite clusters that changed differentially with treatment and examined the relationship between change in metabolite clusters and change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores and NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide). Models were adjusted for relevant clinical covariates and nominal P<0.05 with false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.10 was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Among the 234 DEFINE-HF participants with targeted metabolomic data, the mean age was 62.0±11.1 years, 25% were women, 38% were Black, and mean ejection fraction was 27±8%. Dapagliflozin increased ketone-related and short-chain acylcarnitine as well as medium-chain acylcarnitine principal components analysis-defined metabolite clusters compared with placebo (nominal P=0.01, false discovery rate-adjusted P=0.08 for both clusters). However, ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate levels >500 μmol/L) was achieved infrequently (3 [2.5%] in dapagliflozin arm versus 1 [0.9%] in placebo arm) and supraphysiologic levels were not observed. Increases in long-chain acylcarnitine, long-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitine, and aromatic amino acid metabolite clusters were associated with decreases in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores (ie, worse quality of life) and increases in NT-proBNP levels, without interaction by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS In this study of targeted metabolomics in a placebo-controlled trial of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in HFrEF, we observed effects of dapagliflozin on key metabolic pathways, supporting a role for altered ketone and fatty acid biology with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with HFrEF. Only physiologic levels of ketosis were observed. In addition, we identified several metabolic biomarkers associated with adverse HFrEF outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT02653482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Selvaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhuxuan Fu
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Philip Jones
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lydia C. Kwee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Darren K. McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Benjamin M. Scirica
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David E. Lanfear
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael E. Nassif
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert J. Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mikhail N. Kosiborod
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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Significance of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Heart Failure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183758. [PMID: 36145134 PMCID: PMC9504097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of various heart diseases, seriously threatens an individual’s life, health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota comprises an important component of human physiology and metabolic homeostasis, and can directly or indirectly affect the metabolic health of the host through metabolites. Upon in-depth study of intestinal microecology, the “gut-heart axis” appears to provide a novel direction for HF research. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and its major metabolites—i.e., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—and HF. It explores the mechanisms underlying HF and its effective treatment by targeting SCFAs to optimize current HF treatment and thus improve the quality of patients’ lives.
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35
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Flam E, Jang C, Murashige D, Yang Y, Morley MP, Jung S, Kantner DS, Pepper H, Bedi KC, Brandimarto J, Prosser BL, Cappola T, Snyder NW, Rabinowitz JD, Margulies KB, Arany Z. Integrated landscape of cardiac metabolism in end-stage human nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:817-829. [PMID: 36776621 PMCID: PMC9910091 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality. Failing hearts undergo profound metabolic changes, but a comprehensive evaluation in humans is lacking. We integrate plasma and cardiac tissue metabolomics of 678 metabolites, genome-wide RNA-sequencing, and proteomic studies to examine metabolic status in 87 explanted human hearts from 39 patients with end-stage HF compared with 48 nonfailing donors. We confirm bioenergetic defects in human HF and reveal selective depletion of adenylate purines required for maintaining ATP levels. We observe substantial reductions in fatty acids and acylcarnitines in failing tissue, despite plasma elevations, suggesting defective import of fatty acids into cardiomyocytes. Glucose levels, in contrast, are elevated. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, which gates carbohydrate oxidation, is de-repressed, allowing increased lactate and pyruvate burning. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates are significantly reduced. Finally, bioactive lipids are profoundly reprogrammed, with marked reductions in ceramides and elevations in lysoglycerophospholipids. These data unveil profound metabolic abnormalities in human failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Flam
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Murashige
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Yang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Morley
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Kantner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Pepper
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Brandimarto
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Prosser
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Cappola
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lu X, Liu J, Zhou B, Wang S, Liu Z, Mei F, Luo J, Cui Y. Microbial metabolites and heart failure: Friends or enemies? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956516. [PMID: 36046023 PMCID: PMC9420987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), a global health issue characterized by structural or functional cardiac dysfunction, which was found to be associated with the gut microbiome recently. Although multiple studies suggested that the gut microbiome may have an impact on the development of cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanism of the gut microbiome in HF remains unclear. The study of metabolites from gut microbiota influenced by dietary nutrition uptake suggested that gut microbiota may affect the process of HF. However, on the basis of the microbiota’s complicated roles and their interactions with metabolites, studies of microbial metabolites in HF had rarely been described so far. In this review, we focused on dietary nutrition-related factors that were involved in the development and progression of HF, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), to summarize their advances and several potential targets in HF. From a therapeutic standpoint, we discussed microbial metabolites as a potential strategy and their applications in HF as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuyang Mei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxiang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
- Junxiang Luom,
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Cui,
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Disturbance of Fatty Acid Metabolism Promoted Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence via Acetyl-CoA-Induced Protein Acetylation Modification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1198607. [PMID: 35993026 PMCID: PMC9385365 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1198607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell senescence is the main risk factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and the progression of aging-related cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between endothelial cell metabolism and endothelial senescence remains unclear. The present study provides novel insight into fatty acid metabolism in the regulation of endothelial senescence. In the replicative senescence model and H2O2-induced premature senescence model of primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), fatty acid oxidation (FAO) was suppressed and fatty acid profile was disturbed, accompanied by downregulation of proteins associated with fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial entry, in particular the FAO rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A). Impairment of fatty acid metabolism by silencing CPT1A or CPT1A inhibitor etomoxir facilitated the development of endothelial senescence, as implied by the increase of p53, p21, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase, as well as the decrease of EdU-positive proliferating cells. In the contrary, rescue of FAO by overexpression of CPT1A or supplement of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate and propionate ameliorated endothelial senescence. In vivo, treatment of acetate for 4 weeks lowered the blood pressure and alleviated the senescence-related phenotypes in aortas of Ang II-infused mice. Mechanistically, fatty acid metabolism regulates endothelial senescence via acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), as implied by the observations that suppression of acetyl-CoA production using the inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase NDI-091143 accelerated senescence of HUVECs and that supplementation of acetyl-CoA prevented H2O2-induced endothelial senescence. Deficiency of acetyl-CoA resulted in alteration of acetylated protein profiles which are associated with cell metabolism and cell cycle. These findings thus suggest that improvement of fatty acid metabolism might ameliorate endothelial senescence-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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38
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 65:101691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yurista SR, Chen S, Welsh A, Tang WHW, Nguyen CT. Targeting Myocardial Substrate Metabolism in the Failing Heart: Ready for Prime Time? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:180-190. [PMID: 35567658 PMCID: PMC10950325 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the clinical benefits of altering myocardial substrate metabolism in heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS Modulation of cardiac substrates (fatty acid, glucose, or ketone metabolism) offers a wide range of therapeutic possibilities which may be applicable to heart failure. Augmenting ketone oxidation seems to offer great promise as a new therapeutic modality in heart failure. The heart has long been recognized as metabolic omnivore, meaning it can utilize a variety of energy substrates to maintain adequate ATP production. The adult heart uses fatty acid as a major fuel source, but it can also derive energy from other substrates including glucose and ketone, and to some extent pyruvate, lactate, and amino acids. However, cardiomyocytes of the failing heart endure remarkable metabolic remodeling including a shift in substrate utilization and reduced ATP production, which account for cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Research to understand the implication of myocardial metabolic perturbation in heart failure has grown in recent years, and this has raised interest in targeting myocardial substrate metabolism for heart failure therapy. Due to the interdependency between different pathways, the main therapeutic metabolic approaches include inhibiting fatty acid uptake/fatty acid oxidation, reducing circulating fatty acid levels, increasing glucose oxidation, and augmenting ketone oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salva R Yurista
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Shi Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Aidan Welsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher T Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Health Science Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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40
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Liu J, Tan Y, Cheng H, Zhang D, Feng W, Peng C. Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1106-1126. [PMID: 35855347 PMCID: PMC9286904 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological of hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota metabolites are helpful for maintaining the basic functions of hosts, whereas disturbed production of these metabolites can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Although there are many reviews about the specific mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites on specific diseases, there is no comprehensive summarization of the functions of these metabolites. In this Opinion, we discuss the knowledge of gut microbiota metabolites including the types of gut microbiota metabolites and their ways acting on targets. In addition, we summarize their physiological and pathologic functions in health and diseases, such as shaping the composition of gut microbiota and acting as nutrition. This paper can be helpful for understanding the roles of gut microbiota metabolites and thus provide guidance for developing suitable therapeutic strategies to combat microbial-driven diseases and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Palm CL, Nijholt KT, Bakker BM, Westenbrink BD. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Metabolism of Heart Failure – Rethinking the Fat Stigma. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915102. [PMID: 35898266 PMCID: PMC9309381 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a disease with immense global health burden. During the development of HF, the myocardium and therefore cardiac metabolism undergoes specific changes, with decreased long-chain fatty acid oxidation and increased anaerobic glycolysis, diminishing the overall energy yield. Based on the dogma that the failing heart is oxygen-deprived and on the fact that carbohydrates are more oxygen-efficient than FA, metabolic HF drugs have so far aimed to stimulate glucose oxidation or inhibit FA oxidation. Unfortunately, these treatments have failed to provide meaningful clinical benefits. We believe it is time to rethink the concept that fat is harmful to the failing heart. In this review we discuss accumulating evidence that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may be an effective fuel for the failing heart. In contrast to long-chain fatty acids, SCFAs are readily taken up and oxidized by the heart and could serve as a nutraceutical treatment strategy. In addition, we discuss how SCFAs activate pathways that increase long chain fatty acid oxidation, which could help increase the overall energy availability. Another potential beneficial effect we discuss lies within the anti-inflammatory effect of SCFAs, which has shown to inhibit cardiac fibrosis – a key pathological process in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin L. Palm
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten T. Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: B. Daan Westenbrink
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Ferro F, Spelat R, Valente C, Contessotto P. Understanding How Heart Metabolic Derangement Shows Differential Stage Specificity for Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070969. [PMID: 35883525 PMCID: PMC9312956 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition defined by structural and functional abnormalities in the heart that gradually result in reduced cardiac output (HFrEF) and/or increased cardiac pressures at rest and under stress (HFpEF). The presence of asymptomatic individuals hampers HF identification, resulting in delays in recognizing patients until heart dysfunction is manifested, thus increasing the chance of poor prognosis. Given the recent advances in metabolomics, in this review we dissect the main alterations occurring in the metabolic pathways behind the decrease in cardiac function caused by HF. Indeed, relevant preclinical and clinical research has been conducted on the metabolite connections and differences between HFpEF and HFrEF. Despite these promising results, it is crucial to note that, in addition to identifying single markers and reliable threshold levels within the healthy population, the introduction of composite panels would strongly help in the identification of those individuals with an increased HF risk. That said, additional research in the field is required to overcome the current drawbacks and shed light on the pathophysiological changes that lead to HF. Finally, greater collaborative data sharing, as well as standardization of procedures and approaches, would enhance this research field to fulfil its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Renza Spelat
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Camilla Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.V.); (P.C.)
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Abstract
As a muscular pump that contracts incessantly throughout life, the heart must constantly generate cellular energy to support contractile function and fuel ionic pumps to maintain electrical homeostasis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism of multiple metabolic substrates such as fatty acids, glucose, ketones, and lactate is essential to ensuring an uninterrupted supply of ATP. Multiple metabolic pathways converge to maintain myocardial energy homeostasis. The regulation of these cardiac metabolic pathways has been intensely studied for many decades. Rapid adaptation of these pathways is essential for mediating the myocardial adaptation to stress, and dysregulation of these pathways contributes to myocardial pathophysiology as occurs in heart failure and in metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The regulation of these pathways reflects the complex interactions of cell-specific regulatory pathways, neurohumoral signals, and changes in substrate availability in the circulation. Significant advances have been made in the ability to study metabolic regulation in the heart, and animal models have played a central role in contributing to this knowledge. This review will summarize metabolic pathways in the heart and describe their contribution to maintaining myocardial contractile function in health and disease. The review will summarize lessons learned from animal models with altered systemic metabolism and those in which specific metabolic regulatory pathways have been genetically altered within the heart. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of cardiac metabolism and the pathophysiology of heart failure and how these have been informed by animal models will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- University Heart Center Graz, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Austria (H.B., N.J.B.)
| | - Nikole J Byrne
- University Heart Center Graz, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Austria (H.B., N.J.B.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (E.D.A.)
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Metabolic Determinants in Cardiomyocyte Function and Heart Regenerative Strategies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060500. [PMID: 35736435 PMCID: PMC9227827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is characterized by a loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. In this context, several cardiac regenerative strategies have been developed, but they still lack clinical effectiveness. The mammalian neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration following injury, but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages when cardiomyocytes become terminally differentiated and transit to the fetal metabolic switch. Cardiomyocytes are metabolically versatile cells capable of using an array of fuel sources, and the metabolism of cardiomyocytes suffers extended reprogramming after injury. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging regulators of epigenetic programs driving cell pluripotency and differentiation. Thus, understanding the metabolic determinants that regulate cardiomyocyte maturation and function is key for unlocking future metabolic interventions for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of metabolism and nutrient signaling in cardiomyocyte function and repair, as well as whether exploiting this axis could potentiate current cellular regenerative strategies for the mammalian heart.
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Dai GC, Lu PP, Zhang M, Bai LY, Chen XX, Zhang C, Shi L, Rui YF. The regulative effect and repercussion of probiotics and prebiotics on osteoporosis: involvement of brain-gut-bone axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7510-7528. [PMID: 35234534 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2047005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure. In recent years, more and more researches have focused on the close relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and the occurrence and progression of OP, and the regulation of probiotics and prebiotics on bone metabolism has gradually become a research hotspot. Based on the influence of brain-gut-bone axis on bone metabolism, this review expounds the potential mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics on OP from next perspectives: regulation of intestinal metabolites, regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, involvement of neuromodulation, involvement of immune regulation and involvement of endocrine regulation, so as to provide a novel and promising idea for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Chun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yong Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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46
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Short-Chain Carbon Sources. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:730-742. [PMID: 35958686 PMCID: PMC9357564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world, highlighting the urgent need for novel, effective therapeutics. Recent studies support the proposition that improved myocardial energetics as a result of ketone body (KB) oxidation may account for the intriguing beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with HF. Similar small molecules, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are now realized to be preferentially oxidized over KBs in failing hearts, contradicting the notion of KBs as a rescue "superfuel." In addition to KBs and SCFAs being alternative fuels, both exert a wide array of nonmetabolic functions, including molecular signaling and epigenetics and as effectors of inflammation and immunity, blood pressure regulation, and oxidative stress. In this review, the authors present a perspective supported by new evidence that the metabolic and unique nonmetabolic activities of KBs and SCFAs hold promise for treatment of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and those with HF with preserved ejection fraction.
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47
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Sommakia S, Almaw NH, Lee SH, Ramadurai DKA, Taleb I, Kyriakopoulos CP, Stubben CJ, Ling J, Campbell RA, Alharethi RA, Caine WT, Navankasattusas S, Hoareau GL, Abraham AE, Fang JC, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Chaudhuri D. FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Defines a Potential Cardiohepatic Signaling Circuit in End-Stage Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e008910. [PMID: 34865514 PMCID: PMC8930477 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrinsic control of cardiomyocyte metabolism is poorly understood in heart failure (HF). FGF21 (Fibroblast growth factor 21), a hormonal regulator of metabolism produced mainly in the liver and adipose tissue, is a prime candidate for such signaling. METHODS To investigate this further, we examined blood and tissue obtained from human subjects with end-stage HF with reduced ejection fraction at the time of left ventricular assist device implantation and correlated serum FGF21 levels with cardiac gene expression, immunohistochemistry, and clinical parameters. RESULTS Circulating FGF21 levels were substantially elevated in HF with reduced ejection fraction, compared with healthy subjects (HF with reduced ejection fraction: 834.4 [95% CI, 628.4-1040.3] pg/mL, n=40; controls: 146.0 [86.3-205.7] pg/mL, n=20, P=1.9×10-5). There was clear FGF21 staining in diseased cardiomyocytes, and circulating FGF21 levels negatively correlated with the expression of cardiac genes involved in ketone metabolism, consistent with cardiac FGF21 signaling. FGF21 gene expression was very low in failing and nonfailing hearts, suggesting extracardiac production of the circulating hormone. Circulating FGF21 levels were correlated with BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and total bilirubin, markers of chronic cardiac and hepatic congestion. CONCLUSIONS Circulating FGF21 levels are elevated in HF with reduced ejection fraction and appear to bind to the heart. The liver is likely the main extracardiac source. This supports a model of hepatic FGF21 communication to diseased cardiomyocytes, defining a potential cardiohepatic signaling circuit in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Naredos H. Almaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra H. Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dinesh K. A. Ramadurai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christos P. Kyriakopoulos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris J. Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jing Ling
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rami A. Alharethi
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William T. Caine
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Guillaume L. Hoareau
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anu E. Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James C. Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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48
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Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Specht KS, Whitcomb LA, Omar AK, Miyamoto SD, Wolfe LM, Chicco AJ. Long-chain fatty acid oxidation and respiratory complex I deficiencies distinguish Barth Syndrome from idiopathic pediatric cardiomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:111-124. [PMID: 34821394 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder that results from mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene, which encodes a phospholipid transacylase responsible for generating the mature form of cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membranes. BTHS patients develop early onset cardiomyopathy and a derangement of intermediary metabolism consistent with mitochondrial disease, but the precise alterations in cardiac metabolism that distinguish BTHS from idiopathic forms of cardiomyopathy are unknown. We performed the first metabolic analysis of myocardial tissue from BTHS cardiomyopathy patients compared to age- and sex-matched patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nonfailing controls. Results corroborate previous evidence for deficiencies in cardiolipin content and its linoleoyl enrichment as defining features of BTHS cardiomyopathy, and reveal a dramatic accumulation of hydrolyzed (monolyso-) cardiolipin molecular species. Respiratory chain protein deficiencies were observed in both BTHS and DCM, but a selective depletion of complex I was seen only in BTHS after controlling for an apparent loss of mitochondrial density in cardiomyopathic hearts. Distinct shifts in the expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes and the tissue acyl-CoA profile of BTHS hearts suggest a specific block in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation upstream of the conventional matrix beta-oxidation cycle, which may be compensated for by a greater reliance upon peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and the catabolism of ketones, amino acids, and pyruvate to meet cardiac energy demands. These results provide a comprehensive foundation for exploring novel therapeutic strategies that target the adaptive and maladaptive metabolic features of BTHS cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kalyn S Specht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Asma K Omar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa M Wolfe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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49
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Wu C, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu X. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial therapies in heart failure. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106038. [PMID: 34929300 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide in the last decade, accompanied by immense health and economic burdens. Heart failure (HF), as the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, is a common, intractable, and costly medical condition. Despite significant improvements in pharmacologic and device therapies over the years, life expectancy for this disease remains poor. Current therapies have not reversed the trends in morbidity and mortality as expected. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel potential therapeutic agents. Although the pathophysiology of the failing heart is extraordinarily complex, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can be an effective approach for potential treatment. Increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial abnormalities, including altered metabolic substrate utilization, impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, are closely related to HF. Here, we reviewed the findings on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF, along with novel mitochondrial therapeutics and their pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Kolwicz SC. Ketone Body Metabolism in the Ischemic Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:789458. [PMID: 34950719 PMCID: PMC8688810 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.789458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies have been identified as an important, alternative fuel source in heart failure. In addition, the use of ketone bodies as a fuel source has been suggested to be a potential ergogenic aid for endurance exercise performance. These findings have certainly renewed interest in the use of ketogenic diets and exogenous supplementation in an effort to improve overall health and disease. However, given the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarctions, these strategies may not be ideal for individuals with coronary artery disease. Although research studies have clearly defined changes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion, the role of ketone body metabolism in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium is less clear. This review will provide an overview of ketone body metabolism, including the induction of ketosis via physiological or nutritional strategies. In addition, the contribution of ketone body metabolism in healthy and diseased states, with a particular emphasis on ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury will be discussed.
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