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Georgiopoulos G, Faconti L, Mohamed AT, Figliozzi S, Asher C, Keehn L, McNally R, Alfakih K, Vennin S, Chiribiri A, Lamata P, Chowienczyk P, Masci PG. Ethnicity differences in geometric remodelling and myocardial composition in hypertension unveiled by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:901-911. [PMID: 38597630 PMCID: PMC11210986 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertensive patients of African ancestry (Afr-a) have higher incidences of heart failure and worse clinical outcomes than hypertensive patients of European ancestry (Eu-a), yet the underlying mechanisms remain misunderstood. This study investigated right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular remodelling alongside myocardial tissue derangements between Afr-a and Eu-a hypertensives. METHODS AND RESULTS 63 Afr-a and 47 Eu-a hypertensives underwent multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Biventricular volumes, mass, function, mass/end-diastolic volume (M/V) ratios, T2 and pre-/post-contrast T1 relaxation times, synthetic extracellular volume, and myocardial fibrosis (MF) were measured. 3D shape modelling was implemented to delineate ventricular geometry. LV and RV mass (indexed to body-surface-area) and M/V ratio were significantly greater in Afr-a than Eu-a hypertensives (67.1 ± 21.7 vs. 58.3 ± 16.7 g/m2, 12.6 ± 3.48 vs. 10.7 ± 2.71 g/m2, 0.79 ± 0.21 vs. 0.70 ± 0.14 g/mL, and 0.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 g/mL, respectively; P < 0.03). Afr-a patients showed greater basal interventricular septum thickness than Eu-a patients, influencing LV hypertrophy and RV cavity changes. This biventricular remodelling was associated with prolonged T2 relaxation time (47.0 ± 2.2 vs. 45.7 ± 2.2 ms, P = 0.005) and higher prevalence (23% vs. 4%, P = 0.001) and extent of MF [2.3 (0.6-14.3) vs. 1.6 (0.9-2.5) % LV mass, P = 0.008] in Afr-a patients. Multivariable linear regression showed that modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and greater end-diastolic volume, but not ethnicity, were independently associated with greater LV mass. CONCLUSION Afr-a hypertensives had distinctive biventricular remodelling, including increased RV mass, septal thickening and myocardial tissue abnormalities compared with Eu-a hypertensives. From this study, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and ventricular geometry, but not ethnicity, were independently associated with greater LV myocardial mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Faconti
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aqeel T Mohamed
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Figliozzi
- Cardio Center, Humanitas Research Hospital I.R.C.S.S., Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clint Asher
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Louise Keehn
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ryan McNally
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Khaled Alfakih
- Department of Cardiology, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel Vennin
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pablo Lamata
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip Chowienczyk
- British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pier-Giorgio Masci
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, Room ST0404253 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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2
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Tsuda T, Robinson BW. Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Adolescents and Young Adults. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01313-4. [PMID: 38888690 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is widely known as a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exercise is proven to exert overall beneficial effects on hypertension and hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, there are some concerns among providers about potential adverse effects induced by intense exercise, especially in hypertensive athletes. We will overview the underlying mechanisms of physiological and pathological hypertrophy and delineate the beneficial effects of exercise in young people with hypertension and consequent hypertrophy. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have demonstrated that exercise training, both endurance and resistance types, reduces blood pressure and ameliorates hypertrophy in hypertensives, but certain precautions are required for hypertensive athletes when allowing competitive sports: Elevated blood pressure should be controlled before allowing them to participate in high-intensity exercise. Non-vigorous and recreational exercise are always recommended to promote cardiovascular health. Exercise-induced cardiac adaptation is a benign and favorable response that reverses or attenuates pathological cardiovascular remodeling induced by persistent hypertension. Exercise is the most effective nonpharmacological treatment for hypertensive individuals. Distinction between recreational-level exercise and competitive sports should be recognized by medical providers when allowing sports participation for adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadephia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Bradley W Robinson
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadephia, PA, 19107, USA
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Xu H, Song X, Zhang X, Wang G, Cheng X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li R, Ai C, Wang X, Pu L, Chen Z, Liu W. SIRT1 regulates mitochondrial fission to alleviate high altitude hypoxia inducedcardiac dysfunction in rats via the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5. [PMID: 38678130 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude exposure has been linked to cardiac dysfunction. Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between SIRT1 and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of SIRT1 on HH-induced cardiac dysfunction and delve into the underlying mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we have demonstrated that exposure to HH results in cardiomyocyte injury, along with the downregulation of SIRT1 and mitochondrial dysfunction. Upregulating SIRT1 significantly inhibits mitochondrial fission, improves mitochondrial function, reduces cardiomyocyte injury, and consequently enhances cardiac function in HH-exposed rats. Additionally, HH exposure triggers aberrant expression of mitochondrial fission-regulated proteins, with a decrease in PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and an increase in mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), all of which are mitigated by SIRT1 upregulation. Furthermore, inhibiting PGC-1α diminishes the positive effects of SIRT1 regulation on the expression of DRP1, MFF, and FIS1, as well as mitochondrial fission. These findings demonstrate that SIRT1 alleviates HHinduced cardiac dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial fission through the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Guangrui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirou Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongyi Ai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Dial MB, Malek EM, Neblina GA, Cooper AR, Vaslieva NI, Frommer R, Girgis M, Dawn B, McGinnis GR. Effects of time-restricted exercise on activity rhythms and exercise-induced adaptations in the heart. Sci Rep 2024; 14:146. [PMID: 38168503 PMCID: PMC10761674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including cardiovascular function and metabolism. Exercise provokes numerous beneficial adaptations in heart, including physiological hypertrophy, and serves to shift circadian rhythms. This study investigated the impact of time-restricted exercise training on exercise-induced adaptations in the heart and locomotor activity rhythms. Male mice (n = 45) were allocated to perform voluntary, time-restricted exercise in the early active phase (EAP), late active phase (LAP), or remain sedentary (SED) for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were allowed 24-h ad libitum access to the running wheel to assess diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity. Heart weight and cross-sectional area were measured at sacrifice, and cardiac protein and gene expression levels were assessed for markers of mitochondrial abundance and circadian clock gene expression. Mice rapidly adapted to wheel running, with EAP mice exhibiting a significantly greater running distance compared to LAP mice. Time-restricted exercise induced a shift in voluntary wheel activity during the 24-h free access period, with the acrophase in activity being significantly earlier in EAP mice compared to LAP mice. Gene expression analysis revealed a higher expression of Per1 in LAP mice. EAP exercise elicited greater cardiac hypertrophy compared to LAP exercise. These findings suggest that the timing of exercise affects myocardial adaptations, with exercise in the early active phase inducing hypertrophy in the heart. Understanding the time-of-day dependent response to exercise in the heart may have implications for optimizing exercise interventions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dial
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elias M Malek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Greco A Neblina
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Austin R Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Nikoleta I Vaslieva
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Rebecca Frommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Magdy Girgis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Stanley A, Athanasuleas C. Timing of Surgery for Asymptomatic Primary Mitral Regurgitation: Possible Value of Early, Serial Measurements of Left Ventricular Sphericity. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:93-101. [PMID: 38351687 PMCID: PMC11107465 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x277223240206062319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets may remain so for long periods, even as left ventricular function progresses to a decompensated stage. During the early compensated stage, the ventricle's initial response to the volume overload is an asymmetric increase in the diastolic short axis dimension, accomplished by a diastolic shift of the interventricular septum into the right ventricular cavity, creating a more spherical left ventricular diastolic shape, increasing diastolic filling and stroke volume. Early valve repair is recommended to reduce postoperative left ventricular dysfunction. Early serial measurements of left ventricular sphericity index [LV-Si]. during the compensated stage of mitral regurgitation might identify subtle changes in left ventricular shape and assist in determining the optimal earliest timing for surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Stanley
- Cardiovascular Associates of the Southeast, Birmingham AL and Kemp-Carraway Heart Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Constantine Athanasuleas
- Department of Surgery, North Alabama Medical Center and Kemp-Carraway Heart Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yi JS, Perla S, Bennett AM. An Assessment of the Therapeutic Landscape for the Treatment of Heart Disease in the RASopathies. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1193-1204. [PMID: 35156148 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls a plethora of developmental and post-developmental processes. It is now clear that mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway cause developmental diseases collectively referred to as the RASopathies. The RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. RASopathy patients exhibit a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHD), such as valvular abnormalities and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Since the cardiovascular defects are the most serious and recurrent cause of mortality in RASopathy patients, it is critical to understand the pathological signaling mechanisms that drive the disease. Therapies for the treatment of HCM and other RASopathy-associated comorbidities have yet to be fully realized. Recent developments have shown promise for the use of repurposed antineoplastic drugs that target the RAS-MAPK pathway for the treatment of RASopathy-associated HCM. However, given the impact of the RAS-MAPK pathway in post-developmental physiology, establishing safety and evaluating risk when treating children will be paramount. As such insight provided by preclinical and clinical information will be critical. This review will highlight the cardiovascular manifestations caused by the RASopathies and will discuss the emerging therapies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Schulman-Geltzer EB, Collins HE, Hill BG, Fulghum KL. Coordinated Metabolic Responses Facilitate Cardiac Growth in Pregnancy and Exercise. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:441-450. [PMID: 37581772 PMCID: PMC10589193 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pregnancy and exercise are systemic stressors that promote physiological growth of the heart in response to repetitive volume overload and maintenance of cardiac output. This type of remodeling is distinct from pathological hypertrophy and involves different metabolic mechanisms that facilitate growth; however, it remains unclear how metabolic changes in the heart facilitate growth and if these processes are similar in both pregnancy- and exercise-induced cardiac growth. RECENT FINDINGS The ability of the heart to metabolize a myriad of substrates balances cardiac demands for energy provision and anabolism. During pregnancy, coordination of hormonal status with cardiac reductions in glucose oxidation appears important for physiological growth. During exercise, a reduction in cardiac glucose oxidation also appears important for physiological growth, which could facilitate shuttling of glucose-derived carbons into biosynthetic pathways for growth. Understanding the metabolic underpinnings of physiological cardiac growth could provide insight to optimize cardiovascular health and prevent deleterious remodeling, such as that which occurs from postpartum cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This short review highlights the metabolic mechanisms known to facilitate pregnancy-induced and exercise-induced cardiac growth, both of which require changes in cardiac glucose metabolism for the promotion of growth. In addition, we mention important similarities and differences of physiological cardiac growth in these models as well as discuss current limitations in our understanding of metabolic changes that facilitate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Schulman-Geltzer
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Helen E Collins
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kyle L Fulghum
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Moady G, Ertracht O, Shuster-Biton E, Daud E, Atar S. The Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways in Different Models of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2337. [PMID: 37760779 PMCID: PMC10525208 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy develops following different triggers of pressure or volume overload. In several previous studies, different hypertrophy types were demonstrated following alterations in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation. In the current study, we studied two types of cardiac hypertrophy models in rats: eccentric and concentric hypertrophy. For the eccentric hypertrophy model, iron deficiency anemia caused by a low-iron diet was implemented, while surgical aortic constriction was used to induce aortic stenosis (AS) and concentric cardiac hypertrophy. The hearts were evaluated using echocardiography, histological sections, and scanning electron microscopy. The expression of ERK1/2 was analyzed using Western blot. During the study period, anemic rats developed eccentric hypertrophy characterized by an enlarged left ventricle (LV) cavity cross-sectional area (CSA) (59.9 ± 5.1 mm2 vs. 47 ± 8.1 mm2, p = 0.002), thinner septum (2.1 ± 0.3 mm vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.05), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (52.6% + 4.7 vs. 60.3% + 2.8, p < 0.05). Rats with AS developed concentric hypertrophy with a thicker septum (2.8 ± 0.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 p < 0.05), increased LV muscle cross-sectional area (79.5 ± 9.33 mm2 vs. 57.9 ± 5.0 mm2, p < 0.001), and increased LVEF (70.3% + 2.8 vs. 60.0% + 2.1, p < 0.05). ERK1/2 expression decreased in the anemic rats and increased in the rats with AS. Nevertheless, the p-ERK and the p-MEK did not change significantly in all the examined models. We concluded that ERK1/2 expression was altered by the type of hypertrophy and the change in LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gassan Moady
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (E.D.); (S.A.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
| | - Offir Ertracht
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
| | - Efrat Shuster-Biton
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
- The Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
| | - Elias Daud
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (E.D.); (S.A.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
| | - Shaul Atar
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (E.D.); (S.A.)
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Hypertensive heart disease: risk factors, complications and mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1205475. [PMID: 37342440 PMCID: PMC10277698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1205475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease constitutes functional and structural dysfunction and pathogenesis occurring primarily in the left ventricle, the left atrium and the coronary arteries due to chronic uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertensive heart disease is underreported and the mechanisms underlying its correlates and complications are not well elaborated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of hypertensive heart disease, we discuss in detail the mechanisms associated with development and complications of hypertensive heart disease especially left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. We also briefly highlight the role of dietary salt, immunity and genetic predisposition in hypertensive heart disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Cam-Pus, Livingstone, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
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Russell BK, McGeown J, Beard BL. Developing AI enabled sensors and decision support for military operators in the field. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00039-7. [PMID: 36934030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors enable down range data collection of physiological and cognitive performance of the warfighter. However, autonomous teams may find the sensor data impractical to interpret and hence influence real-time decisions without the support of subject matter experts. Decision support tools can reduce the burden of interpreting physiological data in the field and incorporate a systems perspective where noisy field data can contain useful additional signals. We present a methodology of how artificial intelligence can be used for modeling human performance with decision-making to achieve actionable decision support. We provide a framework for systems design and advancing from the laboratory to real world environments. The result is a validated measure of down-range human performance with a low burden of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Russell
- Sports Performance Institute of New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Ambient Cognition Limited, Aukland, New Zealand.
| | - J McGeown
- Matai Medical Research Institute Inc, New Zealand
| | - B L Beard
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA
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12
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Rasool R, Unar A, Jafar TH, Chanihoon GQ, Mubeen B. A Role of Thyroid Hormones in Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Update. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e280422204209. [PMID: 35657286 PMCID: PMC10201880 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220428121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute coronary syndrome is one of the commonest life-threatening illnesses. It encompasses the clinical spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia and includes unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction both with and without ST segment elevation. The acute coronary syndrome can be attributed to a significant hemodynamic insult that leads to atherosclerosis of the epicardial coronary arteries. The main causative risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake, increase the burden of acute coronary syndrome. Owing to an increase in the utilization of antioxidants, the antioxidant capacity decreases concerning the scavenging of lipid peroxides. Moreover, the thyroid hormones are important regulators of the expression of cardiac genes, and many of the cardiac manifestations of thyroid dysfunction are associated with alterations in triiodothyronine- mediated gene expression. Cardiovascular signs and symptoms of thyroid disease are among the most acute clinically relevant findings that occur in combination with both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. By understanding the cellular mechanism of the action of thyroid hormones on the heart and cardiovascular system, it is possible to explain rhythm disturbances and alterations in cardiac output, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and vascular resistance that result from thyroid dysfunction. Oxidative stress is thereby induced, together with a decrease in antioxidant capacity for overcoming oxidative stress, which leads to endothelial dysfunction, subsequent atherosclerosis, and, ultimately, acute myocardial infarction. The implications for the identification of the effects of thyroid disease on acute myocardial infarction include the observation that restoration of normal thyroid function repeatedly reverses abnormalities in cardiovascular hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology (USTC), Anhui, China
| | - Tassadaq Hussain Jafar
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universita Degli Studi Del Molise, Campobasso CB, Italy
| | - Ghulam Qadir Chanihoon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the clinical evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy: a 360° panorama. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 39:793-809. [PMID: 36543912 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a frequent imaging finding in the general population. In order to identify the precise etiology, a comprehensive diagnostic approach should be adopted, including the prevalence of each entity that may cause LVH, family history, clinical, electrocardiographic and imaging findings. By providing a detailed evaluation of the myocardium, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has assumed a central role in the differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, with the technique of parametric imaging allowing more refined tissue characterization. This article aims to establish a parallel between pathophysiological features and imaging findings through the broad spectrum of LVH entities, emphasizing the role of CMR in the differential diagnosis.
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14
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Tarasov KV, Chakir K, Riordon DR, Lyashkov AE, Ahmet I, Perino MG, Silvester AJ, Zhang J, Wang M, Lukyanenko YO, Qu JH, Barrera MCR, Juhaszova M, Tarasova YS, Ziman B, Telljohann R, Kumar V, Ranek M, Lammons J, Bychkov R, de Cabo R, Jun S, Keceli G, Gupta A, Yang D, Aon MA, Adamo L, Morrell CH, Otu W, Carroll C, Chambers S, Paolocci N, Huynh T, Pacak K, Weiss R, Field L, Sollott SJ, Lakatta EG. A remarkable adaptive paradigm of heart performance and protection emerges in response to marked cardiac-specific overexpression of ADCY8. eLife 2022; 11:e80949. [PMID: 36515265 PMCID: PMC9822292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult (3 month) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of adenylyl cyclase (AC) type VIII (TGAC8) adapt to an increased cAMP-induced cardiac workload (~30% increases in heart rate, ejection fraction and cardiac output) for up to a year without signs of heart failure or excessive mortality. Here, we show classical cardiac hypertrophy markers were absent in TGAC8, and that total left ventricular (LV) mass was not increased: a reduced LV cavity volume in TGAC8 was encased by thicker LV walls harboring an increased number of small cardiac myocytes, and a network of small interstitial proliferative non-cardiac myocytes compared to wild type (WT) littermates; Protein synthesis, proteosome activity, and autophagy were enhanced in TGAC8 vs WT, and Nrf-2, Hsp90α, and ACC2 protein levels were increased. Despite increased energy demands in vivo LV ATP and phosphocreatine levels in TGAC8 did not differ from WT. Unbiased omics analyses identified more than 2,000 transcripts and proteins, comprising a broad array of biological processes across multiple cellular compartments, which differed by genotype; compared to WT, in TGAC8 there was a shift from fatty acid oxidation to aerobic glycolysis in the context of increased utilization of the pentose phosphate shunt and nucleotide synthesis. Thus, marked overexpression of AC8 engages complex, coordinate adaptation "circuity" that has evolved in mammalian cells to defend against stress that threatens health or life (elements of which have already been shown to be central to cardiac ischemic pre-conditioning and exercise endurance cardiac conditioning) that may be of biological significance to allow for proper healing in disease states such as infarction or failure of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Khalid Chakir
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel R Riordon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alexey E Lyashkov
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ismayil Ahmet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Maria Grazia Perino
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Allwin Jennifa Silvester
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yevgeniya O Lukyanenko
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jia-Hua Qu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio Barrera
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yelena S Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bruce Ziman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard Telljohann
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mark Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - John Lammons
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rostislav Bychkov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Seungho Jun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher H Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Walter Otu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cameron Carroll
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shane Chambers
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Thanh Huynh
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Robert Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Loren Field
- Kraennert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of MedicineIdianapolisUnited States
| | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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15
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Cano-Castellote M, Afanador-Restrepo DF, González-Santamaría J, Rodríguez-López C, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in Peripartum Women. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226657. [PMID: 36431134 PMCID: PMC9692787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of nonobstructive ischemic heart disease in previously healthy young women and therefore is not usually considered in differential diagnoses. The overall incidence of SCAD in angiographic series is between 0.28 and 1.1%, with a clear predominance in young, healthy women (70%) of whom approximately 30% are in the postpartum period. In the United Kingdom, between 2008 and 2012, SCAD was the cause of 27% of acute myocardial infarctions during pregnancy, with a prevalence of 1.81 per 100,000 pregnancies. Regarding the mechanism of arterial obstruction, this may be due to the appearance of an intramural hematoma or to a tear in the intima of the arteries, both spontaneously. Although multiple diagnostic methods are available, it is suggested to include an appropriate anamnesis, an electrocardiogram in the first 10 min after admission to the service or the onset of symptoms, and subsequently, a CT angiography of the coronary arteries or urgent coronary angiography if the hemodynamic status of the patient allows it. Treatment should be individualized for each case; however, the appropriate approach is generally based on two fundamental pillars: conservative medical treatment with antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, and nitrates, and invasive treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention for stent implantation or balloon angioplasty, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cano-Castellote
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo
- Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
- ZIPATEFI Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, University Foundation of the Área Andina, Pereira 660001, Colombia
| | - Jhonatan González-Santamaría
- ZIPATEFI Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, University Foundation of the Área Andina, Pereira 660001, Colombia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, Pereira 660001, Colombia
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Mexico
| | | | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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16
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Liu W, Xu S, Liang S, Duan C, Xu Z, Zhao L, Wen F, Li Q, Li Y, Zhang J. Hypertensive vascular and cardiac remodeling protection by allicin in spontaneous hypertension rats via CaMK Ⅱ/NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Dorn Ii GW. Neurohormonal Connections with Mitochondria in Cardiomyopathy and Other Diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C461-C477. [PMID: 35759434 PMCID: PMC9363002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormonal signaling and mitochondrial dynamism are seemingly distinct processes that are almost ubiquitous among multicellular organisms. Both of these processes are regulated by GTPases, and disturbances in either can provoke disease. Here, inconspicuous pathophysiological connectivity between neurohormonal signaling and mitochondrial dynamism is reviewed in the context of cardiac and neurological syndromes. For both processes, greater understanding of basic mechanisms has evoked a reversal of conventional pathophysiological concepts. Thus, neurohormonal systems induced in, and previously thought to be critical for, cardiac functioning in heart failure are now pharmaceutically interrupted as modern standard of care. And, mitochondrial abnormalities in neuropathies that were originally attributed to an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission are increasingly recognized as an interruption of axonal mitochondrial transport. The data are presented in a historical context to provided insight into how scientific thought has evolved and to foster an appreciation for how seemingly different areas of investigation can converge. Finally, some theoretical notions are presented to explain how different molecular and functional defects can evoke tissue-specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn Ii
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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18
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Buda V, Prelipcean A, Cozma D, Man DE, Negres S, Scurtu A, Suciu M, Andor M, Danciu C, Crisan S, Dehelean CA, Petrescu L, Rachieru C. An Up-to-Date Article Regarding Particularities of Drug Treatment in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2020. [PMID: 35407628 PMCID: PMC8999552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the prevalence of heart failure (HF) increases with age, HF is now one of the most common reasons for the hospitalization of elderly people. Although the treatment strategies and overall outcomes of HF patients have improved over time, hospitalization and mortality rates remain elevated, especially in developed countries where populations are aging. Therefore, this paper is intended to be a valuable multidisciplinary source of information for both doctors (cardiologists and general physicians) and pharmacists in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality of heart failure patients. We address several aspects regarding pharmacological treatment (including new approaches in HF treatment strategies [sacubitril/valsartan combination and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors]), as well as the particularities of patients (age-induced changes and sex differences) and treatment (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in drugs; cardiorenal syndrome). The article also highlights several drugs and food supplements that may worsen the prognosis of HF patients and discusses some potential drug-drug interactions, their consequences and recommendations for health care providers, as well as the risks of adverse drug reactions and treatment discontinuation, as an interdisciplinary approach to treatment is essential for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Buda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Prelipcean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Dragos Cozma
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Emilia Man
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Negres
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Suciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Minodora Andor
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Corina Danciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Crisan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.B.); (A.P.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (C.D.); (C.A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rachieru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.E.M.); (M.A.); (S.C.); (L.P.); (C.R.)
- Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostasis, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Winkle AJ, Nassal DM, Shaheen R, Thomas E, Mohta S, Gratz D, Weinberg SH, Hund TJ. Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:29-40. [PMID: 35076342 PMCID: PMC8885901 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2031974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes across cardiovascular disease states. Despite strides over the last three decades in identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving hypertrophy, the link between pathophysiological stress stimuli and specific myocyte/heart growth profiles remains unclear. Moreover, the optimal strategy for preventing pathology in the setting of hypertrophy remains controversial. AREAS COVERED This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy with a focus on factors driving the orientation of myocyte growth and the impact on heart function. We highlight recent work showing a novel role for the spectrin-based cytoskeleton, emphasizing regulation of myocyte dimensions but not hypertrophy per se. Finally, we consider opportunities for directing the orientation of myocyte growth in response to hypertrophic stimuli as an alternative therapeutic approach. Relevant publications on the topic were identified through Pubmed with open-ended search dates. EXPERT OPINION To define new therapeutic avenues, more precision is required when describing changes in myocyte and heart structure/function in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Recent developments in computational modeling of hypertrophic networks, in concert with more refined experimental approaches will catalyze translational discovery to advance the field and further our understanding of cardiac hypertrophy and its relationship with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Winkle
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drew M Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Shaheen
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evelyn Thomas
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shivangi Mohta
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Comunale G, Susin FM, Mynard JP. Ventricular wall stress and wall shear stress homeostasis predicts cardiac remodeling during pregnancy: A modeling study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3536. [PMID: 34599558 PMCID: PMC9285413 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique and dynamic process characterized by significant changes in the maternal cardiovascular system that are required to satisfy the increased maternal and fetal metabolic demands. Profound structural and hemodynamic adaptations occur during healthy pregnancy that allows the mother to maintain healthy hemodynamics and provide an adequate uteroplacental blood circulation to ensure physiological fetal development. Investigating these adaptations is crucial for understanding the physiology of pregnancy and may provide important insights for the management of high-risk pregnancies. However, no previous modeling studies have investigated the maternal cardiac structural changes that occur during gestation. This study, therefore, had two aims. The first was to develop a lumped parameter model of the whole maternal circulation that is suitable for studying global hemodynamics and cardiac function at different stages of gestation. The second was to test the hypothesis that myofiber stress and wall shear stress homeostasis principles can be used to predict cardiac remodeling that occurs during normal pregnancy. Hemodynamics and cardiac variables predicted from simulations with and without controlled cardiac remodeling algorithms were compared and evaluated with reference clinical data. While both models reproduced the hemodynamic variations that arise in pregnancy, importantly, we show that the structural changes that occur with pregnancy could be predicted by assuming invariant homeostatic "target" values of myocardial wall stress and chamber wall shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Comunale
- Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Laboratory HER, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Heart ResearchMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Francesca M. Susin
- Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics Laboratory HER, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jonathan P. Mynard
- Heart ResearchMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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23
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Nijholt KT, Sánchez-Aguilera PI, Voorrips SN, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. Exercise: a molecular tool to boost muscle growth and mitochondrial performance in heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 24:287-298. [PMID: 34957643 PMCID: PMC9302125 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired exercise capacity is the key symptom of heart failure (HF) and is associated with reduced quality of life and higher mortality rates. Unfortunately, current therapies, although generally lifesaving, have only small or marginal effects on exercise capacity. Specific strategies to alleviate exercise intolerance may improve quality of life, while possibly improving prognosis as well. There is overwhelming evidence that physical exercise improves performance in cardiac and skeletal muscles in health and disease. Unravelling the mechanistic underpinnings of exercise‐induced improvements in muscle function could provide targets that will allow us to boost exercise performance in HF. With the current review we discuss: (i) recently discovered signalling pathways that govern physiological muscle growth as well as mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that underlie metabolic adaptations to exercise; (ii) the mechanistic underpinnings of exercise intolerance in HF and the benefits of exercise in HF patients on molecular, functional and prognostic levels; and (iii) potential molecular therapeutics to improve exercise performance in HF. We propose that novel molecular therapies to boost adaptive muscle growth and mitochondrial quality control in HF should always be combined with some form of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten T Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo I Sánchez-Aguilera
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne N Voorrips
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Ishikita A, Matsushima S, Ikeda S, Okabe K, Nishimura R, Tadokoro T, Enzan N, Yamamoto T, Sada M, Tsutsui Y, Miyake R, Ikeda M, Ide T, Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H. GFAT2 mediates cardiac hypertrophy through HBP-O-GlcNAcylation-Akt pathway. iScience 2021; 24:103517. [PMID: 34934932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms mediating cardiac hypertrophy by glucose metabolism are incompletely understood. Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), an accessory pathway of glycolysis, is known to be involved in the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine motif (O-GlcNAcylation) to proteins, a post-translational modification. We here demonstrate that glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (GFAT2), a critical HBP enzyme, is a major isoform of GFAT in the heart and is increased in response to several hypertrophic stimuli, including isoproterenol (ISO). Knockdown of GFAT2 suppresses ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, accompanied by suppression of Akt O-GlcNAcylation and activation. Knockdown of GFAT2 does not affect anti-hypertrophic effect by Akt inhibition. Administration of glucosamine, a substrate of HBP, induces protein O-GlcNAcylation, Akt activation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In mice, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, an inhibitor of GFAT, attenuates ISO-induced protein O-GlcNAcylation, Akt activation, and cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate that GFAT2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by HBP-O-GlcNAcylation-Akt pathway and could be a critical therapeutic target of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Ishikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tadokoro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enzan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taishi Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masashi Sada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6645878. [PMID: 34868332 PMCID: PMC8639272 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Tingli Dazao Xiefei decoction (TDXD) has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, its molecular mechanism for treating HF is still unclear. Materials and Methods TDXD and HF targets were collected from the databases, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on the overlapping targets. Then, AutoDock was employed for molecular docking. Finally, we used the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation to induce HF model rats for in vivo experiments and verified the effect and mechanism of TDXD on HF. Results Network pharmacological analysis showed that the main active components of TDXD in treating HF were quercetin, kaempferol, beta-carotene, isorhamnetin, and beta-sitosterol, and the core targets were IL-6, VEGFA, TNF, AKT1, and MAPK1. Multiple gene functions and signaling pathways were obtained by enrichment analysis, among which inflammation-related, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways were closely related to HF. Furthermore, the molecular docking results showed that the core targets had good binding ability with the main active components. Animal experiments showed that TDXD could effectively improve left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), decrease left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDs), reduce the area of myocardial fibrosis, and decrease serum BNP, LDH, CK-MB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in HF rats. Meanwhile, TDXD could upregulate the expression of Bcl-2, downregulate the expression of Bax, and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. At the same time, it was verified that TDXD could significantly decrease the expression of PI3K, P-Akt, and P-MAPK. Captopril showed similar effects. Conclusions Combining network pharmacological analysis and experimental validation, this study verified that TDXD could improve cardiac function and protect against cardiac injury by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
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26
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Storlund RL, Rosen DAS, Trites AW. Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690029. [PMID: 34630134 PMCID: PMC8493095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the ability of marine mammals to lower heart rates for extended periods when diving is well documented, it is unclear whether marine mammals have electrophysiological adaptations that extend beyond overall bradycardia. We analyzed electrocardiographic data from 50 species of terrestrial mammals and 19 species of marine mammals to determine whether the electrical activity of the heart differs between these two groups of mammals. We also tested whether physiological state (i.e., anesthetized or conscious) affects electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. Analyses of ECG waveform morphology (heart rate, P-wave duration, and PQ, PR, QRS, and QT intervals) revealed allometric relationships between body mass and all ECG intervals (as well as heart rate) for both groups of mammals and specific differences in ECG parameters between marine mammals and their terrestrial counterparts. Model outputs indicated that marine mammals had 19% longer P-waves, 24% longer QRS intervals, and 21% shorter QT intervals. In other words, marine mammals had slower atrial and ventricular depolarization, and faster ventricular repolarization than terrestrial mammals. Heart rates and PR intervals were not significantly different between marine and terrestrial mammals, and physiological state did not significantly affect any ECG parameter. On average, ECG interval durations of marine and terrestrial mammals scaled with body mass to the power of 0.21 (range: 0.19–0.23) rather than the expected 0.25—while heart rate scaled with body mass to the power of –0.22 and was greater than the widely accepted –0.25 derived from fractal geometry. Our findings show clear differences between the hearts of terrestrial and marine mammals in terms of cardiac timing that extend beyond diving bradycardia. They also highlight the importance of considering special adaptations (such as breath-hold diving) when analyzing allometric relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea L Storlund
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David A S Rosen
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew W Trites
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Fukumitsu A, Muneuchi J, Watanabe M, Sugitani Y, Kawakami T, Ito K. Echocardiographic Assessments for Peripartum Cardiac Events in Pregnant Women with Low-Risk Congenital Heart Disease. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1062-1068. [PMID: 34544966 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the relationship between temporal changes in the cardiac function and peripartum cardiac events in pregnant women with low-risk congenital heart disease.We performed echocardiography at early and late pregnancy and postpartum in 76 pregnant women with low-risk congenital heart disease, and compared echocardiographic parameters between subjects with and without peripartum cardiac events. Median age at delivery was 27 (range, 24-31) years. The ZAHARA and CARPREG II scores suggested that most women were found to be at low-risk for pregnancy. Fifteen subjects had cardiac events that included heart failure in 10, arrhythmia in 4, and pulmonary hypertension in one subject. The left ventricular and atrial volumes significantly increased from early pregnancy toward late pregnancy, and the E/A ratio and global longitudinal strain significantly decreased from early pregnancy toward late pregnancy. The left atrial volume (67 [53-79] versus 45 [35-55] mL, P = 0.002) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide level (58 [36-123] versus 34 [18-48] pg/mL, P = 0.026) at late pregnancy were significantly higher in subjects with cardiac events than in those without cardiac events.An increase in the left atrial volume followed by mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is related to peripartum cardiac events in women with congenital heart disease who are at low risk for cardiac events during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Fukumitsu
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Jun Muneuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Mamie Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Yuichiro Sugitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Takeshi Kawakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Koji Ito
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization.,Department of Cardiology, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
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28
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Clinical Assessment of Ventricular Wall Stress in Understanding Compensatory Hypertrophic Response and Maladaptive Ventricular Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8100122. [PMID: 34677191 PMCID: PMC8538325 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular wall stress (WS) is an important hemodynamic parameter to represent myocardial oxygen demand and ventricular workload. The normalization of WS is regarded as a physiological feedback signal that regulates the rate and extent of ventricular hypertrophy to maintain myocardial homeostasis. Although hypertrophy is an adaptive response to increased biomechanical stress, persistent hypertrophic stimulation forces the stressed myocardium into a progressive maladaptive process called ventricular remodeling, consisting of ventricular dilatation and dysfunction in conjunction with the development of myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The critical determinant of this pathological transition is not fully understood, but an energetic mismatch due to uncontrolled WS is thought to be a central mechanism. Despite extensive basic investigations conducted to understand the complex signaling pathways involved in this maladaptive process, clinical diagnostic studies that translate these molecular and cellular changes are relatively limited. Echocardiographic assessment with or without direct measurement of left ventricular pressure used to be a mainstay in estimating ventricular WS in clinical medicine, but in recent years more and more noninvasive applications with magnetic resonance imaging have been studied. In this review article, basic clinical applications of WS assessment are discussed to help understand the progression of ventricular remodeling.
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29
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Sex-Specific Impacts of Exercise on Cardiovascular Remodeling. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173833. [PMID: 34501285 PMCID: PMC8432130 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in men and women. Biological sex plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathological cardiovascular remodeling. Traditionally, pathological remodeling of cardiovascular system refers to the molecular, cellular, and morphological changes that result from insults, such as myocardial infarction or hypertension. Regular exercise training is known to induce physiological cardiovascular remodeling and beneficial functional adaptation of the cardiovascular apparatus. However, impact of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation varies between males and females. This review aims to compare and contrast sex-specific manifestations of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation. Specifically, we review (1) sex disparities in cardiovascular function, (2) influence of biological sex on exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation, and (3) sex-specific impacts of various types, intensities, and durations of exercise training on cardiovascular apparatus. The review highlights both animal and human studies in order to give an all-encompassing view of the exercise-induced sex differences in cardiovascular system and addresses the gaps in knowledge in the field.
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30
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Ramos-Kuri M, Meka SH, Salamanca-Buentello F, Hajjar RJ, Lipskaia L, Chemaly ER. Molecules linked to Ras signaling as therapeutic targets in cardiac pathologies. Biol Res 2021; 54:23. [PMID: 34344467 PMCID: PMC8330049 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Ras family of small Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) represents one of the main components of intracellular signal transduction required for normal cardiac growth, but is also critically involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present review provides an update on the role of the H-, K- and N-Ras genes and their related pathways in cardiac diseases. We focus on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, where Ras has been studied the most. We also review other cardiac diseases, like genetic disorders related to Ras. The scope of the review extends from fundamental concepts to therapeutic applications. Although the three Ras genes have a nearly identical primary structure, there are important functional differences between them: H-Ras mainly regulates cardiomyocyte size, whereas K-Ras regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. N-Ras is the least studied in cardiac cells and is less associated to cardiac defects. Clinically, oncogenic H-Ras causes Costello syndrome and facio-cutaneous-skeletal syndromes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. On the other hand, oncogenic K-Ras and alterations of other genes of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, like Raf, cause Noonan syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and septal defects. We further review the modulation by Ras of key signaling pathways in the cardiomyocyte, including: (i) the classical Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, which leads to a more physiological form of cardiac hypertrophy; as well as other pathways associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, like (ii) The SAPK (stress activated protein kinase) pathways p38 and JNK; and (iii) The alternative pathway Raf-Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). Genetic alterations of Ras isoforms or of genes in the Ras-MAPK pathway result in Ras-opathies, conditions frequently associated with cardiac hypertrophy or septal defects among other cardiac diseases. Several studies underline the potential role of H- and K-Ras as a hinge between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and as potential therapeutic targets in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Graphic abstract ![]()
The Ras (Rat Sarcoma) gene family is a group of small G proteins Ras is regulated by growth factors and neurohormones affecting cardiomyocyte growth and hypertrophy Ras directly affects cardiomyocyte physiological and pathological hypertrophy Genetic alterations of Ras and its pathways result in various cardiac phenotypes Ras and its pathway are differentially regulated in acquired heart disease Ras modulation is a promising therapeutic target in various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Kuri
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Secretarìa de Salud/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Researcher of the Facultad de Bioética, Cátedra de Infertilidad, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, México.,Centro de Investigación en Bioética y Genética, Querétaro, México
| | - Sri Harika Meka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Buentello
- University of Toronto Institute of Medical Science, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Suite 8030B, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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31
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Balberova OV, Bykov EV, Shnayder NA, Petrova MM, Gavrilyuk OA, Kaskaeva DS, Soloveva IA, Petrov KV, Mozheyko EY, Medvedev GV, Nasyrova RF. The "Angiogenic Switch" and Functional Resources in Cyclic Sports Athletes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126496. [PMID: 34204341 PMCID: PMC8234968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity in cyclic sports can influence the so-called “angiogenic switch”, which is considered as an imbalance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules. Disruption of the synthesis of angiogenic molecules can be caused by local changes in tissues under the influence of excessive physical exertion and its consequences, such as chronic oxidative stress and associated hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, sports injuries, etc. A review of publications on signaling pathways that activate and inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue under the influence of intense physical activity in cyclic sports. Materials: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Clinical keys, and e-LIBRARY databases for full-text articles published from 2000 to 2020, using keywords and their combinations. Results: An important aspect of adaptation to training loads in cyclic sports is an increase in the number of capillaries in muscle fibers, which improves the metabolism of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as nervous and lung tissue. Recent studies have shown that myocardial endothelial cells not only respond to hemodynamic forces and paracrine signals from neighboring cells, but also take an active part in heart remodeling processes, stimulating the growth and contractility of cardiomyocytes or the production of extracellular matrix proteins in myofibroblasts. As myocardial vascularization plays a central role in the transition from adaptive heart hypertrophy to heart failure, further study of the signaling mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the myocardium is important in sports practice. The study of the “angiogenic switch” problem in the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems allows us to claim that the formation of new vessels is mediated by a complex interaction of all growth factors. Although the lungs are one of the limiting systems of the body in cyclic sports, their response to high-intensity loads and other environmental stresses is often overlooked. Airway epithelial cells are the predominant source of several growth factors throughout lung organogenesis and appear to be critical for normal alveolarization, rapid alveolar proliferation, and normal vascular development. There are many controversial questions about the role of growth factors in the physiology and pathology of the lungs. The presented review has demonstrated that when doing sports, it is necessary to give a careful consideration to the possible positive and negative effects of growth factors on muscles, myocardium, lung tissue, and brain. Primarily, the “angiogenic switch” is important in aerobic sports (long distance running). Conclusions: Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of new blood capillaries, which play an important role in the functioning of skeletal muscles, myocardium, lung, and nervous tissue in athletes. Violation of the “angiogenic switch” as a balance between proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules can lead to a decrease in the functional resources of the nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in athletes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Balberova
- Research Institute of Olympic Sports, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 454091 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
| | - Evgeny V. Bykov
- Research Institute of Olympic Sports, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 454091 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Shnayder
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Oksana A. Gavrilyuk
- The Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Family Medicine and Healthy Lifesttyle with a Course of PE, V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Daria S. Kaskaeva
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Irina A. Soloveva
- Department of Hospital Therapy and Immunology with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Petrov
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (K.V.P.); (E.Y.M.)
| | - Elena Y. Mozheyko
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine with a Postgraduate Course, Shared Core Facilities Molecular and Cell Technologies, Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (K.V.P.); (E.Y.M.)
| | - German V. Medvedev
- R. R. Vreden National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Department of Hand Surgery with Microsurgical Equipment, 195427 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.B.); (N.A.S.); (R.F.N.)
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Davogustto GE, Salazar RL, Vasquez HG, Karlstaedt A, Dillon WP, Guthrie PH, Martin JR, Vitrac H, De La Guardia G, Vela D, Ribas-Latre A, Baumgartner C, Eckel-Mahan K, Taegtmeyer H. Metabolic remodeling precedes mTORC1-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:115-127. [PMID: 34081952 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its primary inhibitor, tuberin (TSC2), are cues for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The phenotype of mTORC1 induced hypertrophy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sustained mTORC1 activation on metabolism, function, and structure of the adult heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a mouse model of inducible, cardiac-specific sustained mTORC1 activation (mTORC1iSA) through deletion of Tsc2. Prior to hypertrophy, rates of glucose uptake and oxidation, as well as protein and enzymatic activity of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) were decreased, while intracellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) were increased. Subsequently, hypertrophy developed. Transcript levels of the fetal gene program and pathways of exercise-induced hypertrophy increased, while hypertrophy did not progress to heart failure. We therefore examined the hearts of wild-type mice subjected to voluntary physical activity and observed early changes in GPI, followed by hypertrophy. Rapamycin prevented these changes in both models. CONCLUSION Activation of mTORC1 in the adult heart triggers the development of a non-specific form of hypertrophy which is preceded by changes in cardiac glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca L Salazar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William P Dillon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick H Guthrie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gina De La Guardia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute at CHI St. Luke's Health, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corrine Baumgartner
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Developmental and lifelong dioxin exposure induces measurable changes in cardiac structure and function in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10378. [PMID: 34001975 PMCID: PMC8129097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality. A precise etiology for CHD remains elusive, but likely results from interactions between genetic and environmental factors during development, when the heart adapts to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Further, it has become clearer that early exposure to toxins that do not result in overt CHD may be associated with adverse cardiac outcomes that are not manifested until later life. Previously, interference with endogenous developmental functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), either by gene ablation or by in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AHR ligand, was shown to cause structural, molecular and functional cardiac abnormalities and altered heart physiology in mouse embryos. Here, we show that continuous exposure to TCDD from fertilization throughout adulthood caused male mice to underperform at exercise tolerance tests compared to their control and female counterparts, confirming previous observations of a sexually dimorphic phenotype. Renin-angiotensin stimulation by angiotensin II (Ang II) caused measurable increases in blood pressure and left ventricle mass, along with decreased end diastolic volume and preserved ejection fraction. Interestingly, TCDD exposure caused measurable reductions in the myocardial hypertrophic effects of Ang II, suggesting that endogenous AHR signaling present in adulthood may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy. Overall, the findings reported in this pilot study highlight the complex systems underlying TCDD exposure in the development of cardiac dysfunction in later life.
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Gonzalez EA, Tobar Leitão SA, Soares DDS, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Baldo G, Matte U. Cardiac pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice: Losartan modifies ERK1/2 activation during cardiac remodeling. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:740-750. [PMID: 33145772 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that losartan and propranolol improved the cardiac function in MPS I mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the pathways influenced by these drugs may modulate the cardiac remodeling process in MPS I mice. According to our previous observation, losartan and propranolol restore the heart function, without altering valve thickness. MPS I mice presented reduced activation of AKT and ERK1/2, increased activity of cathepsins, but no alteration in metalloproteinase activity was observed. Animals treated with losartan showed a reduction in cathepsin activity and restored ERK1/2 activation. While both losartan and propranolol improved heart function, no mechanistic evidence was found for propranolol so far. Our results suggest that losartan or propranolol could be used to ameliorate the cardiac disease in MPS I and could be considered as adjuvant treatment candidates for therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dos Santos Soares
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Liang X, Chen M, Wang D, Wen J, Chen J. Vitamin A deficiency indicating as low expression of LRAT may be a novel biomarker of primary hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:151-163. [PMID: 33052059 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1833023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin A (VA) deficiency triggers many diseases and is a worldwide nutrition problem. The Retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an indicator of VA storage function, and the relationship between LRAT and blood pressure level and the regulation mechanism will be elucidated. METHODS 160 children aged 6-12 years were included, and the serum VA and, the transcription levels of LRAT and RARs, were measured. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and WKY rats were treated with VA deficiency (VAD) or normal (VAN) fodder for 20 weeks. LRAT, retinoic acid, renin angiotensin system (RAS) biomarkers, and the structure and function of the heart for SHRs were measured. RESULTS The serum retinol and serum retinol/BMI levels were lower in children in the low LRAT group (LRAT<P50) compared with the high LRAT group (LRAT≥P50)(0.82 μmol/L vs. 0.94 μmol/L, 0.04 vs. 0.05, all P < .01). Moreover, SBP, DBP, and Ang Ⅱ were lower in the low LRAT group (all P < .01). Compared with VAN-treated SHRs, LRAT, retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα), ACE2, and Ang (1-7) protein expression levels were decreased, while ACE and AT1R expression levels were increased in VAD SHRs. Notably, heart weight (HW), left ventricle weight, the HW-to-body weight ratio and the left ventricle weight-to-body weight ratio were significantly increased in VAD SHRs compared with those in VAN SHRs (P < .01). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis were significantly increased in VAD SHRs compared with those in VAN SHRs (both P < .01). CONCLUSIONS LRAT may be an important biomarker of vitamin A deficiency in target organs and may regulate BP by affecting RAS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Kidney Disease Department, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders , Chongqing, China
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Lyra-Leite DM, Petersen AP, Ariyasinghe NR, Cho N, McCain ML. Mitochondrial architecture in cardiac myocytes depends on cell shape and matrix rigidity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 150:32-43. [PMID: 33038389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contraction of cardiac myocytes depends on energy generated by the mitochondria. During cardiac development and disease, the structure and function of the mitochondrial network in cardiac myocytes is known to remodel in concert with many other factors, including changes in nutrient availability, hemodynamic load, extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity, cell shape, and maturation of other intracellular structures. However, the independent role of each of these factors on mitochondrial network architecture is poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that cell aspect ratio (AR) and ECM rigidity regulate the architecture of the mitochondrial network in cardiac myocytes. To do this, we spin-coated glass coverslips with a soft, moderate, or stiff polymer. Next, we microcontact printed cell-sized rectangles of fibronectin with AR matching cardiac myocytes at various developmental or disease states onto the polymer surface. We then cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes on the patterned surfaces and used confocal microscopy and image processing techniques to quantify sarcomeric α-actinin volume, nucleus volume, and mitochondrial volume, surface area, and size distribution. On some substrates, α-actinin volume increased with cell AR but was not affected by ECM rigidity. Nucleus volume was mostly uniform across all conditions. In contrast, mitochondrial volume increased with cell AR on all substrates. Furthermore, mitochondrial surface area to volume ratio decreased as AR increased on all substrates. Large mitochondria were also more prevalent in cardiac myocytes with higher AR. For select AR, mitochondria were also smaller as ECM rigidity increased. Collectively, these results suggest that mitochondrial architecture in cardiac myocytes is strongly influenced by cell shape and moderately influenced by ECM rigidity. These data have important implications for understanding the factors that impact metabolic performance during heart development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Nathan Cho
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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Lee K, Laviolette SR, Hardy DB. Exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol during rat pregnancy leads to impaired cardiac dysfunction in postnatal life. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:532-539. [PMID: 33879850 PMCID: PMC8519775 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use in pregnancy leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the long-term effects on cardiac function in the offspring are unknown, despite the fact that fetal growth deficits are associated with an increased risk of developing postnatal cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that maternal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during pregnancy will impair fetal development, leading to cardiac dysfunction in the offspring. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly selected and administered 3 mg/kg of Δ9-THC or saline as a vehicle daily via intraperitoneal injection from gestational days 6 to 22, followed by echocardiogram analysis of cardiac function on offspring at postnatal days 1 and 21. Heart tissue was harvested from the offspring at 3 weeks for molecular analysis of cardiac remodelling. RESULTS Exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy led to FGR with a significant decrease in heart-to-body weight ratios at birth. By 3 weeks, pups exhibited catch-up growth associated with significantly greater left ventricle anterior wall thickness with a decrease in cardiac output. Moreover, these Δ9-THC-exposed offsprings exhibited increased expression of collagen I and III, decreased matrix metallopeptidase-2 expression, and increased inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, all associated with cardiac remodelling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that Δ9-THC-exposed FGR offspring undergo postnatal catch-up growth concomitant with cardiac remodelling and impaired cardiac function early in life. IMPACT To date, the long-term effects of perinatal Δ9-THC (the main psychoactive component) exposure on the cardiac function in the offspring remain unknown. We demonstrated, for the first time, that exposure to Δ9-THC alone during rat pregnancy results in significantly smaller hearts relative to body weight. These Δ9-THC-exposed offsprings exhibited postnatal catch-up growth concomitant with cardiac remodelling and impaired cardiac function. Given the increased popularity of cannabis use in pregnancy along with rising Δ9-THC concentrations, this study, for the first time, identifies the risk of perinatal Δ9-THC exposure on early postnatal cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Lee
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Steven R. Laviolette
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON Canada
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Hackett DA, Mitchell L, Clarke JL, Hagstrom AD, Keogh J, McLellan C. Relationship between echocardiogram and physical parameters in experienced resistance trainers: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1290-1300. [PMID: 33269882 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A paucity of research exists concerning physiological factors influencing heart structure and function in strength athletes. This pilot study investigated whether body composition and muscle performance are associated with indices of cardiac structure and function in experienced resistance trainers. METHODS A cross-sectional study designed was employed to address the study aim. Seventeen males (median age 33.0 years) and eight females (median age 32.5 years) with backgrounds in bodybuilding and powerlifting participated in this study. Muscle performance, body composition and echocardiographic measures were performed. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to examine differences between males and females. Spearman's Rho partial correlation analyses (adjusting for sex) were conducted to examine relationships between physical and echocardiogram parameters. RESULTS Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between fat-free mass and aortic root, right ventricular internal dimension, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left atrium area, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume (r: 0.43-0.76, P≤0.03). Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between leg press 1RM and aortic root, left ventricular internal dimension diastole, left atrium area, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume (r: 0.49-0.67, P≤0.02). CONCLUSIONS Resistance trainers with greater fat-free mass and lower body strength appear to have larger cardiac structures. Changes in heart size and function are likely to result from long-term strenuous resistance training. Due to the suspected prevalence of performance enhancing drug use among powerlifters and bodybuilders, care is required to rule out pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Hackett
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia -
| | - Lachlan Mitchell
- National Nutrition Surveillance Center, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jillian L Clarke
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
| | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Center New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chris McLellan
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
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Calderón-Zamora L, Canizalez-Román A, León-Sicairos N, Aguilera-Mendez A, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Changes in expression of orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 during the development and establishment of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:558-565. [PMID: 33121311 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1835959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease, which in spite of existing treatments continues to have high morbidity and mortality, which suggests that there are other mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this sense, the orphan receptors are G protein-coupled receptor associated with various pathologies such as GPR99 which has been linked to mice develop left ventricular hypertrophy induced by blood pressure overload while GPR107 with patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study if the expression of the orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are modified by arterial hypertension. Male SHR and WKY rats of 6-8 and 10-12 weeks old were used. The weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured, as well as the mRNA of the receptors GPR99 and GPR107 in the aorta, kidney, heart and brain by RT-PCR, also was realized an in silico analysis to predict which G protein could be coupled the orphan receptor GPR107. Our results showed that receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are expressed in the analyzed tissues and their expression profile tends to change at different ages and with the development of hypertension, for the other hand, the bioinformatics analysis for GPR107 showed that is coupled to Gi protein. Therefore, we do not rule out that GPR99 and GPR107 could be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and could be used as targets therapeutic in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Asdrubal Aguilera-Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Melandri M, Spalla I, Fanciullo L, Alonge S. Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great Dane Bitches. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111992. [PMID: 33138153 PMCID: PMC7694152 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In women, as well as in bitches, pregnancy is associated with the adaptation of the left ventricular function. Pregnancy mainly represents a status of increased volume load of the maternal heart driven by the need to supply an adequate blood flow through an augmented uterine perfusion to the developing fetuses. Consequently, cardiac morpho-functional changes are expected. Cardiac morphology and function in pregnant bitches that would develop complications may differ from those with a normal outcome. Thus, the assessment of the maternal cardiovascular function may be a useful screening tool to detect pregnancy complications in dogs. Few studies investigated the cardiac maternal adaptation in different gestational ages in dogs. Breed is a known source of variation in echocardiographic values; hence, the cardiac performance during pregnancy may also be prone to a breed-related variation. For these purposes, due to possible breed-related variations in cardiac parameters and function, and to the specific predisposition for myocardial diseases, echocardiographic changes along pregnancy in healthy Great Dane bitches were evaluated. A significant effect of the age of gestation on the increase of functional and diastolic parameters and on the decrease of systolic parameters was reported. Abstract Pregnancy is associated with adaptation of the left ventricular (LV) function. Due to differences between breeds in baseline echocardiographic values and specific predispositions for myocardial diseases, breed-specific echocardiographic parameters may be helpful to evaluate whether the systolic function varies during pregnancy. This study enrolled nine healthy Great Dane bitches with uncomplicated pregnancy. Echocardiographic M-mode and B-mode data were collected before ovulation and within 7 days of the predicted parturition term. Evaluated parameters were: LV dimension in diastole (LVd) and systole (LVs), end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic (ESVI) volumes indexed to body surface area (BSA), end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV), end-point-septal-separation (EPSS), left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), sphericity index (SI), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). The ANOVA showed a statistical effect of the age of gestation (p < 0.01) on the increase of diastolic dimensions and functional parameters and on the decrease of systolic dimensions. The CO increase parallels the rise in SV and HR (p < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed for EPSS, LA/Ao, and SI. The changes in cardiac chambers and function are likely to reflect maternal adaptation to allow the fetal development in uncomplicated pregnancy. The present study provides specific echocardiographic values in uncomplicated pregnancy of Great Danes, showing that the systolic function is enhanced and that the increase in preload, observed during gestation, is the likely mechanism.
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Castoldi F, Frati G, Versaci F, Sadoshima J, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC. Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1434-1449. [PMID: 33098415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chronic myocardial ischaemia, and in genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CRMs were found to reduce acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In many cases, these beneficial effects of CRMs appeared to be mediated by autophagy activation. In the present review, we discuss the relevant literature about the role of different CRMs in animal models of cardiac diseases, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds and their potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Division of Cardiology, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
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42
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Huang TH, Yip HK, Sun CK, Chen YL, Yang CC, Lee FY. P-cresyl sulfate causes mitochondrial hyperfusion in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8379-8390. [PMID: 32639656 PMCID: PMC7412408 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased circulating level of uraemic solute p‐cresyl sulphate (PCS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase myocardial burden relevant to mitochondrial abnormalities. This study aimed at investigating mitochondrial response to PCS in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. H9C2 cardiomyoblasts were treated with four different concentrations of PCS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0 µg/mL) to study the changes in cell proliferation, cell size and mitochondrial parameters including morphology, respiration, biogenesis and membrane potential. The lowest effective dose of PCS (6.25 µg/mL) induced mitochondrial hyperfusion with enhanced mitochondrial connectivity, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA copy number and increased volume of cardiomyoblasts. After PCS treatment, phosphorylation of energy‐sensing adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased without induction of apoptosis. In contrast, mitochondrial mass was recovered after AMPK silencing. Additionally, mitochondrial hyperfusion and cell volume were reversed after cessation of PCS treatment. The results of the present study showed that low‐level PCS not only caused AMPK‐dependent mitochondrial hyperfusion but also induced cell enlargement in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International Students, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yen Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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43
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Aleksenko L, Quaye IK. Pregnancy-induced Cardiovascular Pathologies: Importance of Structural Components and Lipids. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:447-466. [PMID: 32540145 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy leads to adaptations for maternal and fetal energy needs. The cardiovascular system bears the brunt of the adaptations as the heart and vessels enable nutrient supply to maternal organs facilitated by the placenta to the fetus. The components of the cardiovascular system are critical in the balance between maternal homeostatic and fetus driven homeorhetic regulation. Since lipids intersect maternal cardiovascular function and fetal needs with growth and in stress, factors affecting lipid deposition and mobilization impact risk outcomes. Here, the cardiovascular components and functional derangements associated with cardiovascular pathology in pregnancy, vis-à-vis lipid deposition, mobilization and maternal and/or cardiac and fetal energy needs are detailed. Most reports on the components and associated pathology in pregnancy, are on derangements affecting the extracellular matrix and epicardial fat, followed by the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, pericytes and myocytes. Targeted studies on all cardiovascular components and pathological outcomes in pregnancy will enhance targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Aleksenko
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Isaac K Quaye
- Regent University College of Science and Technology, Accra, Ghana
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44
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Jakovljevic Uzelac J, Djukic T, Radic T, Mutavdzin S, Stankovic S, Rakocevic JK, Labudovic Borovic M, Milic N, Simic T, Savic-Radojevic A, Djuric D. Folic acid affects cardiometabolic, oxidative stress, and immunohistochemical parameters in monocrotaline-induced rat heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:708-716. [PMID: 32353247 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major cardiovascular causes of death worldwide. In this study, we explored the effects of folic acid (FA) on cardiometabolic, oxidative stress biomarker changes, and the activity of proliferation marker Ki67 in monocrotaline-induced HF. The research was conducted during a 4 week period using five experimental groups (eight animals per group): blank solution exposed controls (C1: 1 mL/kg physiological saline, 1 day; C2: 1 mL/kg physiological saline, 28 days), monocrotaline (MCT) induced HF (50 mg/kg MCT), FA (5 mg·kg-1·day-1 FA), and MCT+FA (50 mg/kg MCT, 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 FA). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities together with total glutathione and parameters of oxidative damage of proteins were determined in cardiac tissue as well as cardiometabolic parameters in plasma or serum. The total glutathionylation was determined by Western blot and proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The right ventricular (RV) wall hypertrophy and Ki67 positivity, accompanied by a significant increase of troponin T, has been shown in MCT-induced HF. The antioxidant effect of FA was reflected through superoxide dismutase activity, reduced Ki67 positivity in the RV wall, and a slightly decreased total glutathionylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jakovljevic Uzelac
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostic Rakocevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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45
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Chronic activation of hexosamine biosynthesis in the heart triggers pathological cardiac remodeling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1771. [PMID: 32286306 PMCID: PMC7156663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays critical roles in nutrient sensing, stress response, and cell growth. However, its contribution to cardiac hypertrophic growth and heart failure remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the HBP is induced in cardiomyocytes during hypertrophic growth. Overexpression of Gfat1 (glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, promotes cardiomyocyte growth. On the other hand, Gfat1 inhibition significantly blunts phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic growth in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, cardiac-specific overexpression of Gfat1 exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, deletion of Gfat1 in cardiomyocytes attenuates pathological cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Mechanistically, persistent upregulation of the HBP triggers decompensated hypertrophy through activation of mTOR while Gfat1 deficiency shows cardioprotection and a concomitant decrease in mTOR activity. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic upregulation of the HBP under hemodynamic stress induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure through persistent activation of mTOR. Metabolic remodeling plays an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, the authors show that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is elevated in the heart by pressure overload, which contributes to heart failure by persistent activation of mTOR.
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46
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Designing Novel Therapies to Mend Broken Hearts: ATF6 and Cardiac Proteostasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030602. [PMID: 32138230 PMCID: PMC7140506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits incredible plasticity in response to both environmental and genetic alterations that affect workload. Over the course of development, or in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, the heart responds to fluctuations in workload by hypertrophic growth primarily by individual cardiac myocytes growing in size. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with an increase in protein synthesis, which must coordinate with protein folding and degradation to allow for homeostatic growth without affecting the functional integrity of cardiac myocytes (i.e., proteostasis). This increase in the protein folding demand in the growing cardiac myocyte activates the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6α, an inducer of genes that restore proteostasis. Previously, ATF6 has been shown to induce ER-targeted proteins functioning primarily to enhance ER protein folding and degradation. More recent studies, however, have illuminated adaptive roles for ATF6 functioning outside of the ER by inducing non-canonical targets in a stimulus-specific manner. This unique ability of ATF6 to act as an initial adaptive responder has bolstered an enthusiasm for identifying small molecule activators of ATF6 and similar proteostasis-based therapeutics.
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47
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Heallen TR, Kadow ZA, Wang J, Martin JF. Determinants of Cardiac Growth and Size. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037150. [PMID: 31615785 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the realm of zoological study, the question of how an organism reaches a specific size has been largely unexplored. Recently, studies performed to understand the regulation of organ size have revealed that both cellular signals and external cues contribute toward the determination of total cell mass within each organ. The establishment of final organ size requires the precise coordination of cell growth, proliferation, and survival throughout development and postnatal life. In the mammalian heart, the regulation of size is biphasic. During development, cardiomyocyte proliferation predominantly determines cardiac growth, whereas in the adult heart, total cell mass is governed by signals that regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the extrinsic factors and intrinsic mechanisms that control heart size during development. We also discuss the metabolic switch that occurs in the heart after birth and precedes homeostatic control of postnatal heart size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Heallen
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zachary A Kadow
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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48
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Huang Y, Zhou H, Feng Y, Zhou M, Tang H, Zhou G, Liu J, Liao W. Structured reporting of cardiovascular magnetic resonance based on expert consensuses and guidelines. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:40-47. [PMID: 32232191 PMCID: PMC7099751 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gap between China and developed countries in Europe and America as to the normalization of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) diagnostic reports. The aim of this study was to construct a structured CMR report template suitable for China's actual conditions. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance standardized image interpretation and post-processing guidelines and CMR report guidelines are the consensus and recommendations of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) experts whose goal is to ensure the consistent quality and repeatability of CMR reports. This structured CMR report template was constructed based on the guidelines for standardized image interpretation, post processing and reporting of CMR examinations, combined with the experiences learned in Germany and the practical experiences in China. It consisted of three parts: Device and Methods, Findings (Structure and function, Tissue Characterization), Summary and Conclusion. Detailed directions were provided section by section. RESULTS This structured CMR report template underlined the comprehensive analysis of the results of morphological, functional and tissue characteristics to provide conclusive opinions and answer the corresponding important questions raised by the clinicians. CONCLUSION The standardization of qualitative and quantitative assessments of CMR results is the core of structured reporting of CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Huang
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Department of Radiology Shenzhen Baoan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yabo Feng
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- PET-CT Center Chenzhou First People's Hospital Chenzhou China
| | - Moling Zhou
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Department of Radiology Chenzhou Fourth People's Hospital Chenzhou China
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jinkang Liu
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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49
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Qi J, Luo X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Li S, Zhang J. Downregulation of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p Expression Facilitates Exercise-Induced Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Augmenting Autophagy in Rats. Front Genet 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32140172 PMCID: PMC7042403 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced autophagy is associated with physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and a growing body of evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate autophagy-related genes. However, the precise role of miRNAs in exercise induced autophagy in physiological LVH has not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the microRNA–autophagy axis in physiological LVH and deciphered the underlying mechanism using a rat swimming exercise model. Rats were assigned to sedentary control (CON) and swimming exercise (EX) groups; those in the latter group completed a 10-week swimming exercise without any load. For in vitro studies, H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line was stimulated with IGF-1 for hypertrophy. We found a significant increase in autophagy activity in the hearts of rats with exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy, and miRNAs showed a high score in the pathway enriched in autophagy. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p showed an obvious increase in rat hearts. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p markedly attenuated IGF-1-induced hypertrophy in H9C2 cells by suppressing autophagy. Furthermore, miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p attenuated autophagy in H9C2 cells through targeting ULK1, LC3B, and Beclin 1, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that swimming exercise induced physiological LVH, at least in part, by modulating the microRNA–autophagy axis, and that miR-26b-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-497-3p may help distinguish physiological and pathological LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Medical College, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- The School of Physical Education, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Pitoulis FG, Terracciano CM. Heart Plasticity in Response to Pressure- and Volume-Overload: A Review of Findings in Compensated and Decompensated Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32116796 PMCID: PMC7031419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart has an exceptional ability to alter its phenotype to adapt to changes in environmental demand. This response involves metabolic, mechanical, electrical, and structural alterations, and is known as cardiac plasticity. Understanding the drivers of cardiac plasticity is essential for development of therapeutic agents. This is particularly important in contemporary cardiology, which uses treatments with peripheral effects (e.g., on kidneys, adrenal glands). This review focuses on the effects of different hemodynamic loads on myocardial phenotype. We examine mechanical scenarios of pressure- and volume overload, from the initial insult, to compensated, and ultimately decompensated stage. We discuss how different hemodynamic conditions occur and are underlined by distinct phenotypic and molecular changes. We complete the review by exploring how current basic cardiac research should leverage available cardiac models to study mechanical load in its different presentations.
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