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Kornetova EG, Galkin SA, Mednova IA, Tsiguntsev VV, Boiko AS, Kornetov AN, Ivanova SA, Bokhan NA. [Associations between components of metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:82-87. [PMID: 38529867 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412403182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 133 patients with schizophrenia were examined. To assess cognitive functioning, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used. The components of the metabolic syndrome were determined in accordance with the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS Hyperglycemia in patients with schizophrenia led to a decrease in cognitive functioning in two domains: verbal fluency (β=-10.67; p=0.019) and attention stability (β=-9.519; p=0.043). Abdominal obesity was associated with lower indicators of executive functions (β=-8.856; p=0.026). CONCLUSION It is assumed that drug treatment of some components of the metabolic syndrome may affect cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S A Galkin
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I A Mednova
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Tsiguntsev
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A S Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A N Kornetov
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
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Karmakar V, Gorain B. Potential molecular pathways of angiotensin receptor blockers in the brain toward cognitive improvement in dementia. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103850. [PMID: 38052318 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise of cognitive impairment and memory decline and limited effective solutions present a worldwide concern for dementia patients. The multivariant role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain offers strong evidence of a role for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the management of memory impairment by modifying glutamate excitotoxicity, downregulating inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, inhibiting kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT)-II, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family and pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, boosting cholinergic activity, activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, countering cyclooxygenase (COX) and mitigating the hypoxic condition. The present work focuses on the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in brain-RAS, highlighting the role of ARBs, connecting links between evidence-based unexplored pathways and investigating probable biomarkers involved in dementia through supported preclinical and clinical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
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Baggeroer CE, Cambronero FE, Savan NA, Jefferson AL, Santisteban MM. Basic Mechanisms of Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline in Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:34-44. [PMID: 37732479 PMCID: PMC10840624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dementia affects almost 50 million adults worldwide, and remains a major cause of death and disability. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for dementia, including Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementias. Although this association is well-established, the mechanisms underlying hypertension-induced cognitive decline remain poorly understood. By exploring the mechanisms mediating the detrimental effects of hypertension on the brain, studies have aimed to provide therapeutic insights and strategies on how to protect the brain from the effects of blood pressure elevation. In this review, we focus on the basic mechanisms contributing to the cerebrovascular adaptions to elevated blood pressure and hypertension-induced microvascular injury. We also assess the cellular mechanisms of neurovascular unit dysfunction, focusing on the premise that cognitive impairment ensues when the dynamic metabolic demands of neurons are not met due to neurovascular uncoupling, and summarize cognitive deficits across various rodent models of hypertension as a resource for investigators. Despite significant advances in antihypertensive therapy, hypertension remains a critical risk factor for cognitive decline, and several questions remain about the development and progression of hypertension-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Baggeroer
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francis E. Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Monica M. Santisteban
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Ababei DC, Balmus IM, Bild W, Ciobica AS, Lefter RM, Rusu RN, Stanciu GD, Cojocaru S, Hancianu M, Bild V. The Impact of Some Modulators of the Renin-Angiotensin System on the Scopolamine-Induced Memory Loss Mice Model. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1211. [PMID: 37626567 PMCID: PMC10452197 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As some of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-dependent mechanisms underlying the cognitive performance modulation could include oxidative balance alterations, in this study we aimed to describe some of the potential interactions between RAAS modulators (Losartan and Ramipril) and oxidative stress in a typical model of memory impairment. In this study, 48 white male Swiss mice were divided into six groups and received RAAS modulators (oral administration Ramipril 4 mg/kg, Losartan 20 mg/kg) and a muscarinic receptors inhibitor (intraperitoneal injection scopolamine, 0.5 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days. Then, 24 h after the last administration, the animals were euthanized and whole blood and brain tissues were collected. Biological samples were then processed, and biochemical analysis was carried out to assess superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities and malondialdehyde concentrations. In the present experimental conditions, we showed that RAAS modulation via the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (Ramipril) and via the angiotensin II receptor blockage (Losartan) chronic treatments could lead to oxidative stress modulation in a non-selective muscarinic receptors blocker (scopolamine) animal model. Our results showed that Losartan could exhibit a significant systemic antioxidant potential partly preventing the negative oxidative effects of scopolamine and a brain antioxidant potential, mainly by inhibiting the oxidative-stress-mediated cellular damage and apoptosis. Ramipril could also minimize the oxidative-mediated damage to the lipid components of brain tissue resulting from scopolamine administration. Both blood serum and brain changes in oxidative stress status were observed following 8-day treatments with Ramipril, Losartan, scopolamine, and combinations. While the serum oxidative stress modulation observed in this study could suggest the potential effect of RAAS modulation and scopolamine administration on the circulatory system, blood vessels endothelia, and arterial tension modulation, the observed brain tissues oxidative stress modulation could lead to important information on the complex interaction between renin-angiotensin and cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (V.B.)
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, no 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.S.C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Stelian Ciobica
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, no 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.S.C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Radu Marian Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, no 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.S.C.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Sabina Cojocaru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Veronica Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (V.B.)
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, no 8, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.S.C.); (R.M.L.)
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Hong N, Kim KJ, Yu MH, Jeong SH, Lee S, Lim JS, Rhee Y. Risk of dementia in primary aldosteronism compared with essential hypertension: a nationwide cohort study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:136. [PMID: 37568223 PMCID: PMC10416485 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypertension is a critical risk factor for dementia, the association between primary aldosteronism (PA) and dementia has been scarcely reported. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of dementia in patients with PA was elevated compared with patients with essential hypertension (EH). METHODS From the National Health Insurance Claim database in Korea (2003-2017), 3,687 patients with PA (adrenalectomy [ADX], n = 1,339, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist [MRA] n = 2,348) with no prior dementia were age- and sex-matched at a 1:4 ratio to patients with EH (n = 14,741). The primary outcomes were all-cause dementia events, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or other dementia combined with a prescription of one or more medications for dementia (donepezil, galantamine, memantine, or rivastigmine). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the outcome incidence rates between patients with PA and their EH matches. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, there were 156 cases of all-cause dementia (4.2%), 140 cases of Alzheimer's disease (3.8%), and 65 cases of vascular dementia (1.8%). Compared with EH, the risk of all-cause dementia was increased in treated PA (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.26; p < 0.011). Among PA, MRA group had higher risks of all-cause dementia, especially vascular dementia, adjusted for age, sex, income, comorbidities, and concurrent medication (adjusted HR 1.31; p = 0.027 and adjusted HR 1.62; p = 0.020, respectively) compared to EH. ADX group seemed to have a lower dementia risk than the EH group, but there was no statistical significance after full adjustment. This trend became more prominent when the dementia risks were evaluated from the time of hypertension diagnosis rather than treatment initiation for PA. CONCLUSION The findings of this cohort study suggest that PA, especially the MRA group, is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Monitoring cognitive function in PA patients even after treatment initiation might be warranted to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Heui Yu
- SENTINEL Team, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-Ro, Wonju-Si, Gangwon-Do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-Ro, Wonju-Si, Gangwon-Do, 26426, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Perrotta M, Carnevale D, Carnevale L. Mouse models of cerebral injury and cognitive impairment in hypertension. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1199612. [PMID: 37539342 PMCID: PMC10394515 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1199612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for dementia, including both vascular and neurodegenerative etiologies. With the original aim of studying the effect of blood pressure elevation on canonical target organs of hypertension as the heart, the vasculature or the kidneys, several experimental models of hypertension have sprouted during the years. With the more recent interest of understanding the cerebral injury burden caused by hypertension, it is worth understanding how the main models of hypertension or localized cerebral hypertension stand in the field of hypertension-induced cerebral injury and cognitive impairment. With this review we will report main genetic, pharmacological and surgical models of cognitive impairment induced by hypertension, summarizing how each specific category and model can improve our understanding of the complex phenomenon of cognitive loss of vascular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
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Ragnarsson O, Muth A, Johannsson G, Gkaniatsa E, Ung EJ, Jakobsson S. Illness perspectives in patients with primary aldosteronism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277902. [PMID: 36441675 PMCID: PMC9704575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of symptoms and treatment in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), as well as the patients' experience of the health care is sparsely studied. The objectives of this study were to describe symptoms considered to be the most troublesome by patients with PA, and to explore health related worries and expectations following treatment. METHODS This was an explorative qualitative study where 25 patients with PA, diagnosed between 2017 and 2019, were included; 13 patients who had undergone adrenalectomy and 12 who were receiving medical treatment. Data was collected during six group interviews and analyzed using a thematic approach. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: 1) Distress of the past, where the most important issues were struggle to receive a correct diagnosis, impaired well-being and the consumption of a large number of tablets, 2) Satisfaction after receiving a correct diagnosis, both in patients with unilateral and bilateral disease, but also dissatisfaction with lack of information about the disease, and 3) Future concerns, where worries about the long-term effects of PA on health in general dominated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate several important issues related to PA where improvements in patient care are needed, including actions aiming at shortening the long diagnostic delay, a thorough information to the patients about the disease is of great importance, and that all patients with PA, regardless of treatment, would benefit from a structured long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ragnarsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Muth
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Gkaniatsa
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jakobsson Ung
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofie Jakobsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ojakäär T, Koychev I. Secondary Prevention of Dementia: Combining Risk Factors and Scalable Screening Technology. Front Neurol 2021; 12:772836. [PMID: 34867762 PMCID: PMC8634660 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.772836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia. Over a third of dementia cases are estimated to be due to potentially modifiable risk factors, thus offering opportunities for both identification of those most likely to be in early disease as well as secondary prevention. Diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney failure have all been linked to increased risk for AD and dementia and through their high prevalence are particularly apt targets for initiatives to reduce burden of AD. This can take place through targeted interventions of cardiovascular risk factors (shown to improve cognitive outcomes) or novel disease modifying treatments in people with confirmed AD pathology. The success of this approach to secondary prevention depends on the availability of inexpensive and scalable methods for detecting preclinical and prodromal dementia states. Developments in blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease are rapidly becoming a viable such method for monitoring large at-risk groups. In addition, digital technologies for remote monitoring of cognitive and behavioral changes can add clinically relevant data to further improve personalisation of prevention strategies. This review sets the scene for this approach to secondary care of dementia through a review of the evidence for cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease) as major risk factors for AD. We then summarize the developments in blood-based and cognitive biomarkers that allow the detection of pathological states at the earliest possible stage. We propose that at-risk cohorts should be created based on the interaction between cardiovascular and constitutional risk factors. These cohorts can then be monitored effectively using a combination of blood-based biomarkers and digital technologies. We argue that this strategy allows for both risk factor reduction-based prevention programmes as well as for optimisation of any benefits offered by current and future disease modifying treatment through rapid identification of individuals most likely to benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Oscanoa TJ, Cieza EC, Grimaldo O, Andia YB, Lizaraso-Soto FA, Guevara ML, Fujita RM, Romero-Ortuno R. Use of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Polymorphism and Associations with Memory Performance in Older People. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yasar S, Moored KD, Adam A, Zabel F, Chuang YF, Varma VR, Carlson MC. Angiotensin II Blood Levels Are Associated with Smaller Hippocampal and Cortical Volumes in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:521-529. [PMID: 32280103 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence about possible involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decline of cognitive function. However, little is known about associations with brain biomarkers. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to examine associations between blood ACE-1 and ANG II levels and brain MRI based volumes in non-demented participants, and whether these associations were mediated by blood pressure. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 34 older participants from the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial (BECT) Brain Health Sub-study (BHS). Blood ANGII and ACE-1 levels were measured by ELISA and brain MRI volumes were generated using FreeSurfer 6.0. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for intracranial volume and confounders, was used to determine associations between log transformed ANGII and ACE-1 levels and MRI volumes (mm3). RESULTS Participants were predominantly female (76%), African-American (94%), with mean age of 66.9 and education of 14.4 years. In the fully adjusted model we observed significant inverse associations between log ANGII levels and total grey matter (β=Angiotensin II associated with smaller hippocampus14,935.50, ±7,444.83, p = 0.05), total hippocampus (β=-129.97, ±105.27, p = 0.03), rostral middle frontal (β= -1580.40, ±584.74, p = 0.02), and supramarginal parietal (β= -978.90, ±365.54, p = 0.02) volumes. There were no associations between ANGII levels and total white matter or entorhinal cortex volumes, or ACE-1 levels and any brain volumes. CONCLUSION We observed that increased blood ANGII levels were associated with lower total grey matter, hippocampal, rostral middle frontal, and supramarginal parietal volumes, which are associated with cognitive domains that decline in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyle D Moored
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atif Adam
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fiona Zabel
- Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vijay R Varma
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research program, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle C Carlson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Conventional cardiovascular risk factors in Transient Global Amnesia: Systematic review and proposition of a novel hypothesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100909. [PMID: 33539928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is an enigmatic amnestic syndrome. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the relationship between the conventional cardiovascular risk factors and TGA. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and PsycINFO were comprehensively searched and 23 controlled observational studies were retrieved. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking was lower among patients with TGA compared to Transient Ischemic Attack. Regarding the comparison of TGA with healthy individuals, there was strong evidence suggesting a protective effect of diabetes mellitus on TGA and weaker evidence for a protective effect of smoking. Hypertension was associated with TGA only in more severe stages, while dyslipidemia was not related. In view of these findings, a novel pathophysiological hypothesis is proposed, in which the functional interactions of Angiotensin-II type-1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are of pivotal importance. The whole body of clinical evidence (nature of precipitating events, associations with migraine, gender-based association patterns) was integrated.
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Beheshti F, Akbari HR, Baghcheghi Y, Mansouritorghabeh F, Mortazavi Sani SS, Hosseini M. Beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, the roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nitric oxide and neuroinflammation. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:505-515. [PMID: 33724113 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1901112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, and renin angiotensin system (RAS) on memory function have been demonstrated. In this study, the effects of RAS inhibitor captopril (Capto) on hippocampal BDNF, interleukin -6 (IL-6), oxidative stress indicators, and nitric oxide (NO) in scopolamine (Sco)-induced memory impairment in rats were examined. The groups were (1) control, (2) Sco in which Sco was applied 30 min prior to the behavioral tests, and (3-5) Sco-Capto 10, 50, and 100 groups, where Capto (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg), were applied 2 weeks prior to the experiment, as well as 30 min prior to each Sco injection. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was conducted, and BDNF, IL-6, NO metabolites, malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Sco increased the delay and distance to the platform in the MWM test (P < .01 to P < .001), while shortening the time and distance in the target area (P < .01 to P < .001). Additionally, Sco increased IL-6, NO metabolites, and MDA, while decreasing BDNF, thiol, SOD, and CAT (P < .01 to P < .001). Although the Capto reduced the latency and distance traveled to the platform (P < .05 to P < .001), it elevated the time and distance traveled in the target area (P < .05 to P < .01). Furthermore, Capto improved BDNF, thiol, SOD, and CAT levels, and decreased IL-6, NO metabolites, and MDA (P < .05 to P < .001). RAS has a role in learning and memory impairment due to cholinergic system dysfunction. The possible mechanism(s) are including its effects on BDNF, neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akbari
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Ribeiro VT, de Souza LC, Simões E Silva AC. Renin-Angiotensin System and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology: From the Potential Interactions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:484-511. [PMID: 31886744 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191230103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), apart from fluid homeostasis and Blood Pressure (BP) regulation, are being progressively unveiled, since the discoveries of RAS alternative axes and local RAS in different tissues, including the brain. Brain RAS is reported to interact with pathophysiological mechanisms of many neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Even though AD is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, its pathophysiology is far from elucidated. Currently, no treatment can halt the disease course. Successive failures of amyloid-targeting drugs have challenged the amyloid hypothesis and increased the interest in the inflammatory and vascular aspects of AD. RAS compounds, both centrally and peripherally, potentially interact with neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular regulation. This narrative review discusses the AD pathophysiology and its possible interaction with RAS, looking forward to potential therapeutic approaches. RAS molecules affect BP, cerebral blood flow, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Angiotensin (Ang) II, via angiotensin type 1 receptors may promote brain tissue damage, while Ang-(1-7) seems to elicit neuroprotection. Several studies dosed RAS molecules in AD patients' biological material, with heterogeneous results. The link between AD and clinical conditions related to classical RAS axis overactivation (hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease) supports the hypothesized role of this system in AD. Additionally, RAStargeting drugs as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) seem to exert beneficial effects on AD. Results of randomized controlled trials testing ACEi or ARBs in AD are awaited to elucidate whether AD-RAS interaction has implications on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Teatini Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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Li X, Xuan W, Chen D, Gao H, Wang G, Guo Q, Wang Y, Song H, Cai B. Research Progress of Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Drugs: Based on Renin-Angiotensin System Axis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1315-1338. [PMID: 33164932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complicate link to renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It is known that cerebrovascular disease has some connections with AD, but most of the studies are still conducted in parallel or independently. Although previous research came up with large number of hypotheses about the pathogenesis of AD, it does not include the mechanism of RAS-related regulation of AD. It has been found that many components of RAS have been changed in AD. For example, the multifunctional and high-efficiency vasoconstrictor Ang II and Ang III with similar effects are changed under the action of other RAS signal peptides; these signal peptides are believed to help improve nerve injury and cognitive function. These changes may lead to neuropathological changes of AD, and progressive defects of cognitive function, which are association with some hypotheses of AD. The role of RAS in AD gradually attracts our attention, and RAS deserved to be considered carefully in the pathogenesis of AD. This review discusses the mechanisms of RAS participating in the three current hypotheses of AD: neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and amyloid-β protein (Aβ) hypothesis, as well as the drugs that regulate RAS systems already in clinical or in clinical trials. It further demonstrates the importance of RAS in the pathogenesis of AD, not only because of its multiple aspects of participation, which may be accidental, but also because of the availability of RAS drugs, which can be reused as therapies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weiting Xuan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dabao Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huawu Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaoru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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15
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Lin SY, Lin CL, Lin CC, Hsu WH, Lin CD, Wang IK, Hsieh MH, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Association between angiotensin receptor blockers and suicide: nationwide population-based propensity score matching study. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:815-821. [PMID: 32738666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been reported to ameliorate anxiety and mood disorders in animal models. Cohort links between ARB use and suicide risk in humans require clarification. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients diagnosed as having hypertension according to the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (401-405) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012 were enrolled as the target population. We defined enrollees who had received ARB prescriptions for at least 28 days as ARB users. Those who had never taken ARB prior or during the study period were defined as ARB nonusers and were propensity score-matched with ARB users. The end outcome was confirmation of a suicide attempt. RESULTS After propensity score matching was conducted, 40,976 ARB users and 40,976 nonusers were selected as the matched cohorts. The overall incidence rate of suicide attempt was significantly lower in ARB users than in nonusers (0.51 vs. 1.07 per 10,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval = 0.26-0.87). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with a log-rank test revealed a lower cumulative incidence of suicide attempt in ARB users than in nonusers (p < 0.001 for the unmatched cohort; p = 0.01 for the matched cohort). CONCLUSIONS ARB use was not associated with an increased risk for suicide compared with non-ARB use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chest Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chest Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Alshahrani S. Aliskiren – A promising antioxidant agent beyond hypertension reduction. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Forte M, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Rubattu S. Vascular ageing in hypertension: Focus on mitochondria. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111267. [PMID: 32473170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common age-related disease, along with vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Vascular ageing increases during hypertension, but hypertension itself accelerates vascular ageing, thus creating a vicious circle. Vascular stiffening, endothelial dysfunction, impaired contractility and vasorelaxation are the main alterations related to vascular ageing, as a consequence of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells senescence. Several molecular mechanisms have been involved into the functional and morphological changes of the aged vessels. Among them, oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction are the best characterized. In the present review, we discuss relevant literature about the biology of vascular and cerebrovascular ageing with a particular focus on mitochondria signalling. We underline the therapeutic strategies, able to improve mitochondrial health, which may represent a promising tool to decrease vascular dysfunction associated with ageing and hypertension-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cotugno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | - Franca Bianchi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Costa R, Tamascia ML, Sanches A, Moreira RP, Cunha TS, Nogueira MD, Casarini DE, Marcondes FK. Tactile stimulation of adult rats modulates hormonal responses, depression-like behaviors, and memory impairment induced by chronic mild stress: Role of angiotensin II. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Mogi M. Could Management of Blood Pressure Prevent Dementia in the elderly? Clin Hypertens 2019; 25:27. [PMID: 31867123 PMCID: PMC6902528 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-019-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is one of the most relevant risk factors in vascular aging, stroke and vascular dementia (VD). In the elderly, the prevalence of mixed dementia, which consists of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and VD, is increased. Moreover, disorders of blood vessels are reported to be involved in the onset and progression of AD. Thus, hypertension generally plays an important role in dementia overall. Main Text Mid-life hypertension is reported to be related to the incidence of dementia, but it is reported that antihypertensive treatment in aged people cannot prevent the onset and progression of dementia. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is deeply involved in not only hypertension but also lifestyle-related diseases, and may contribute to the pathological mechanism in dementia; thus, RAS regulation is expected to prevent dementia. Small vessel structural changes in lifestyle-related diseases may play a role in dementia in the elderly. Conclusion Here, we discuss the role of blood pressure elevation in dementia and the therapeutic possibility of antihypertensive treatment against dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
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20
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Lerman LO, Kurtz TW, Touyz RM, Ellison DH, Chade AR, Crowley SD, Mattson DL, Mullins JJ, Osborn J, Eirin A, Reckelhoff JF, Iadecola C, Coffman TM. Animal Models of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2019; 73:e87-e120. [PMID: 30866654 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of hypertension and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. The utility of animal models for improving the understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hypertension and its comorbidities depends on their validity for representing human forms of hypertension, including responses to therapy, and on the quality of studies in those models (such as reproducibility and experimental design). Important unmet needs in this field include the development of models that mimic the discrete hypertensive syndromes that now populate the clinic, resolution of ongoing controversies in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the development of new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and its complications. Animal models may indeed be useful for addressing these unmet needs.
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21
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Ababei DC, Bild V, Ciobică A, Lefter RM, Rusu RN, Bild W. A Comparative Study on the Memory-Enhancing Actions of Oral Renin-Angiotensin System Altering Drugs in Scopolamine-Treated Mice. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:329-336. [PMID: 31106575 PMCID: PMC10852518 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519847042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the spatial working memory (as studied in Y-maze) or short-term and long-term spatial memory (assessed in radial 8 arms-maze task), in a scopolamine-induced memory deficits model in mice, by the oral administration of 2 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors-captopril and ramipril and also the effects of the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan. The present article was initiated as a reaction to the clinical setting of hypertensive disease, which involves lifelong administration of antihypertensive drugs, dietary or lifestyle constraints, and aging, which all take a toll on the higher functions of the nervous system. Most of the patients with cognitive decline suffer of various metabolic imbalances, hypertension, cardiac and kidney disease, many of them which are treated with oral administration of Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system-altering agents like those presented above. Our results showed a protective effect of captopril, ramipril, and losartan prescopolamine administration on spontaneous alternation in Y-maze task, as compared to scopolamine-alone treated mice, as well as decreased number of working memory errors and reference memory errors in radial-arm maze for both losartan + scopolamine and ramipril + scopolamine groups versus scopolamine alone. This could have a therapeutical relevance, especially since oral administration was preferred in our report, as it is used in the therapeutic procedures in humans, further enhancing the similarities with the clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobică
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Marian Lefter
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Răzvan Nicolae Rusu
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania
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22
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Yasar S, Varma VR, Harris GC, Carlson MC. Associations of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-1 and Angiotensin II Blood Levels and Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:655-664. [PMID: 29660936 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests a possible role of the renin angiotensin system in the pathophysiologic process of Alzheimer's disease, of which angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin II (ANGII) are important proteins. Few studies evaluated associations between blood ACE-1 and none between ANGII levels, and cognition. OBJECTIVE Our pilot study was aimed to examine associations between blood ACE-1 and ANG II levels and cognitive function in non-demented participants at baseline and over a 1-year period. METHODS 56 participants were included from the Brain Health Substudy of the Baltimore Experience Corps Study. Linear regression analysis, adjusting for confounders, was used to determine associations between baseline ACE-1 and ANGII, and baseline and 1-year follow-up measures of psychomotor and processing speed, executive function, verbal learning memory and working memory, and whether these associations were mediated by blood pressure. RESULTS Participants were predominantly female (75%), African-American (93%), with mean age of 67.8 years and education of 14.3 years. There were no associations between baseline ACE-1 or ANGII levels and cognitive function; however, there were significant association between baseline ACE-1 levels and 1-year follow-up Trail Making Test, Part A (β= 0.003, p = 0.04) and Digit Span (β= -0.001, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this cognitively intact sample, elevated ACE-1 levels were associated with worse processing speed and working memory after 1 year. Findings from this pilot study suggest that changes in the RAS are associated with alterations in cognitive function warranting further assessment of the role of RAS in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Yasar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay R Varma
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Carlson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Kehoe PG. The Coming of Age of the Angiotensin Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease: Progress Toward Disease Prevention and Treatment? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1443-1466. [PMID: 29562545 PMCID: PMC5870007 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide recognition of a complex association between midlife hypertension and cardiovascular disease and later development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. While significant progress has been made in reducing rates of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease over the last thirty years, progress towards effective treatments for AD has been slower. Despite the known association between hypertension and dementia, research into each disease has largely been undertaken in parallel and independently. Yet over the last decade and a half, the emergence of converging findings from pre-clinical and clinical research has shown how the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which is very important in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular disease, warrants careful consideration in the pathogenesis of AD. Numerous components of the RAS have now been found to be altered in AD such that the multifunctional and potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, and similarly acting angiotensin III, are greatly altered at the expense of other RAS signaling peptides considered to contribute to neuronal and cognitive function. Collectively these changes may contribute to many of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, as well as observed progressive deficiencies in cognitive function, while also linking elements of a number of the proposed hypotheses for the cause of AD. This review discusses the emergence of the RAS and its likely importance in AD, not only because of the multiple facets of its involvement, but also perhaps fortuitously because of the ready availability of numerous RAS-acting drugs, that could be repurposed as interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gavin Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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24
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Fouda AY, Fagan SC, Ergul A. Brain Vasculature and Cognition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:593-602. [PMID: 30816798 PMCID: PMC6540805 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a complex interaction between the brain and the cerebral vasculature to meet the metabolic demands of the brain for proper function. Preservation of cerebrovascular function and integrity has a central role in this sophisticated communication within the brain, and any derangements can have deleterious acute and chronic consequences. In almost all forms of cognitive impairment, from mild to Alzheimer disease, there are changes in cerebrovascular function and structure leading to decreased cerebral blood flow, which may initiate or worsen cognitive impairment. In this focused review, we discuss the contribution of 2 major vasoactive pathways to cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in an effort to identify early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, GA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta, GA
| | - Susan C. Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, GA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta, GA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Ralph Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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25
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Wharton W, Zhao L, Steenland K, Goldstein FC, Schneider JA, Barnes LL, Gearing M, Yasar S. Neurofibrillary Tangles and Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment with Certain Antihypertensives. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:153-161. [PMID: 31177216 PMCID: PMC7297195 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals taking renin angiotensin system (RAS) acting antihypertensives exhibit slower cognitive decline and are less likely to progress from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that individuals taking RAS acting antihypertensives exhibit less AD-related neuropathology and slower disease progression than individuals taking non-RAS acting antihypertensives. METHOD Participants included 83 individuals with MCI who were taking an antihypertensive at baseline, had at least two follow-up visits, and had postmortem neuropathological data. Participants were old (M = 83.1 years), 32% male, well educated (M = 15.7 years), and 9.2% Black. RESULTS RAS medication users (N = 38) were less likely to progress to AD than non-RAS users (N = 45). RAS users exhibited fewer neurofibrillary tangles than non-RAS users in the hippocampal CA1 region (p < 0.01), entorhinal cortex (p = 0.03), and the angular gyrus, inferior temporal, mid-frontal cortex, and superior frontal (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Prevention or clearance of neurofibrillary tangles represents a mechanism by which RAS medications may slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Wharton
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University, School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Emory University Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Rollins School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Julie A. Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sevil Yasar
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Mohite S, de Campos-Carli SM, Rocha NP, Sharma S, Miranda AS, Barbosa IG, Salgado JV, Simoes-E-Silva AC, Teixeira AL. Lower circulating levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:50-54. [PMID: 29925475 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. Plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) and Ang II were assessed in 25 patients with schizophrenia and 20 controls. Patients with schizophrenia presented decreased levels of ACE compared to controls [median (25th-75th percentiles) = 434.79 (341.15-524.02) vs. 508.49 (396.34-608.72); p < 0.05]. No significant differences were found regarding ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Ang II levels. There were no associations between the measured molecules and clinical parameters. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the RAS is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Mohite
- Neuropsychiatry Program & Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Salvina M de Campos-Carli
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Natalia P Rocha
- Neuropsychiatry Program & Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Shiva Sharma
- Neuropsychiatry Program & Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Izabela G Barbosa
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Joao V Salgado
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simoes-E-Silva
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program & Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America; Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.
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Angiotensin II-mediated suppression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell was inhibited by propofol: role of calcium signaling pathway. J Anesth 2018; 32:856-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Higaki A, Mogi M, Iwanami J, Min LJ, Bai HY, Shan BS, Kukida M, Yamauchi T, Tsukuda K, Kan-No H, Ikeda S, Higaki J, Horiuchi M. Beneficial Effect of Mas Receptor Deficiency on Vascular Cognitive Impairment in the Presence of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008121. [PMID: 29431106 PMCID: PMC5850265 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classical renin-angiotensin system is known as the angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor axis, which induces various organ damage including cognitive decline. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is known to exert antagonistic actions against the classical renin-angiotensin system axis in the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the brain remain unclear. We examined possible roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in cognitive function, employing vascular cognitive impairment model mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male 10-week-old C57BL6 (wild-type mice, Mas1 knockout mice, Ang II type 2 receptor knockout mice, and Ang II type 2 receptor/Mas1 double knockout mice were subjected to bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery. Six weeks after treatment, they were subjected to cognitive tasks. Brain samples were used for histopathological analysis. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in wild-type and double knockout mice after BCAS. On the other hand, the cognitive function of Mas1 knockout mice was maintained in spite of the reduction of cerebral blood flow with BCAS. Total cell number in the dentate gyrus region was significantly reduced after BCAS in wild-type but not in Mas1 knockout mice. The number of doublecortin-positive cells in the subgranular zone was not significantly different between wild-type and Mas1 knockout mice. Ang-(1-7) administration did not improve cognitive function in all mice after BCAS surgery. CONCLUSIONS Lack of the Mas receptor may have a protective effect against chronic brain ischemia when the Ang II type 2 receptor exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Higaki
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Li-Juan Min
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bao-Shuai Shan
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kukida
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yamauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-No
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Higaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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30
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The BET/BRD inhibitor JQ1 attenuates diabetes-induced cognitive impairment in rats by targeting Nox4-Nrf2 redox imbalance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:204-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Choi DH, Lee J. A Mini-Review of the NADPH oxidases in Vascular Dementia: Correlation with NOXs and Risk Factors for VaD. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112500. [PMID: 29165383 PMCID: PMC5713465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the factors that cause dementia conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (VaD). In the pathogenesis of VaD, OS is associated with risk factors that include increased age, hypertension, and stroke. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a molecular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to recent studies, inhibition of NOX activity can reduce cognitive impairment in animal models of VaD. In this article, we review the evidence linking cognitive impairment with NOX-dependent OS, including the vascular NOX and non-vascular NOX systems, in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
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32
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Miranda A, Cordeiro T, dos Santos Lacerda Soares TM, Ferreira R, Simões e Silva A. Kidney–brain axis inflammatory cross-talk: from bench to bedside. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1093-1105. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This risk is generally explained by the high prevalence of both symptomatic and subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. However, other potential mechanisms, including cytokine/chemokine release, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), circulating and local formation of trophic factors and of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, could also be involved, especially in the absence of obvious cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence for the role of these mechanisms in kidney–brain cross-talk. In addition, we hypothesize potential pathways for the interactions between kidney and brain and their pathophysiological role in neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes found in patients with CKD. Understanding the pathophysiologic interactions between renal impairment and brain function is important in order to minimize the risk for future cognitive impairment and to develop new strategies for innovative pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kim MS, Lee GH, Kim YM, Lee BW, Nam HY, Sim UC, Choo SJ, Yu SW, Kim JJ, Kim Kwon Y, Who Kim S. Angiotensin II Causes Apoptosis of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Memory Impairment Through the Action on AMPK-PGC1α Signaling in Heart Failure. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1491-1503. [PMID: 28244243 PMCID: PMC5689768 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are limited on the mechanisms underlying memory impairment in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that angiotensin II (Ang II) may determine the fate of adult hippocampal neural stem cells (HCNs), a cause of memory impairment in HF. HCNs with neurogenesis potential were isolated and cultured from adult rat hippocampi. Ang II decreased HCN proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, Ang II treatment (1 µM) for 48 hours induced apoptotic death, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs). Ang II increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which was related to mitochondrial morphological changes and functional impairment. Moreover, ROS activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and consequent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression, causing cell apoptosis. In the HF rat model induced by left anterior descending artery ligation, ARB ameliorated the spatial memory ability which decreased 10 weeks after ischemia. In addition, neuronal cell death, especially of newly born mature neurons, was observed in HF rat hippocampi. ARB decreased cell death and promoted the survival of newly born neural precursor cells and mature neurons. In conclusion, Ang II caused HCN apoptosis through mitochondrial ROS formation and subsequent AMPK-PGC1α signaling. ARB improved learning and memory behaviors impaired by neuronal cell death in the HF animal model. These findings suggest that HCN is one treatment target for memory impairment in HF and that ARBs have additional benefits in HF combined with memory impairment. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1491-1503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Wook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - U-Cheol Sim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Jung Choo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunhee Kim Kwon
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment by Modulation of NF-κB-Mediated BDNF/CREB Expression and Apoptosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1725-1739. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Angiotensin-(1-7) administration attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes via Mas receptor activation. Neuroscience 2017; 346:267-277. [PMID: 28147245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cognitive deficits and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a newly identified heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], was found to protect against brain damage. This study investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) on diabetes-induced cognitive deficits. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Diabetes was induced via single i.p. streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Ten weeks after diabetes induction, rats in each group received an intracerebral-ventricular (ICV) infusion of either vehicle, Ang-(1-7) alone, or Ang-(1-7)+A779 daily for two weeks. At the end of the study, Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to test cognitive functions before the rats were euthanized. Ang-(1-7) treatment significantly reduced escape latencies in diabetic rats in acquisition trials and markedly enhanced platform area crossing frequency and time spent in the target quadrant in probe trials (3.0±0.39 vs. 1.0±0.33, 39.39±1.11% vs. 25.62±3.07%, respectively, P<0.01). Ang-(1-7) treatment ameliorated damage to the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses, reduced the expression of hippocampal phospho-tau at Ser396 (P<0.01), Ser404 (P<0.01) and Ser202/Thr205 (P<0.05), and decreased amyloid-β oligomer and both soluble and insoluble β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) and Aβ 1-40 levels (P<0.01). These protective effects were significantly reversed by the co-administration of A779. These findings show that Ang-(1-7) is a promising therapeutic target for diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. The neuroprotective effects of Ang-(1-7) were mainly through Mas receptor (MasR) activation.
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Tian S, Han J, Huang R, Xia W, Sun J, Cai R, Dong X, Shen Y, Wang S. Association of Increased Serum ACE Activity with Logical Memory Ability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:239. [PMID: 28066203 PMCID: PMC5179508 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is involved in the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to assess the pathogenetic roles of ACE and the genetic predisposition of its insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 210 T2DM patients were enrolled. Among these patients, 116 satisfied the MCI diagnostic criteria and 94 exhibited healthy cognition. The cognitive functions of the patients were extensively assessed. The serum level and activity of ACE were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultraviolet spectrophotography. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms of I/D gene of ACE were analyzed. Results: The serum level and activity of ACE in diabetic MCI patients (p = 0.022 and p = 0.008, respectively) were both significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. A significant negative correlation was found between their ACE activity and logical memory test score (LMT) (p = 0.002). Multiple stepwise regression iterated the negative correlation between ACE activity and LMT score (p = 0.035). Although no significant difference was found in the genotype or allele distribution of ACE I/D polymorphism between the groups, the serum levels and activity of ACE were higher in the DD group than in the ID and II groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Serum ACE activity could better predict logical memory in T2DM patients than ACE level. Further investigations on a large population size are necessary to test whether the D-allele of the ACE gene polymorphism is susceptible to memory deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
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Arjmand Abbassi Y, Mohammadi MT, Sarami Foroshani M, Raouf Sarshoori J. Captopril and Valsartan May Improve Cognitive Function Through Potentiation of the Brain Antioxidant Defense System and Attenuation of Oxidative/Nitrosative Damage in STZ-Induced Dementia in Rat. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:541-549. [PMID: 28101460 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Previous findings have shown the crucial roles of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since RAS inhibitors may have beneficial effects on dementia and cognitive function in elderly people, the aim of present study was to examine the neuroprotective actions of captopril and valsartan on memory function and neuronal damage in experimental model of AD. Methods: Adult forty male Wistar rats (220-280g) were randomly divided into 5 groups; Control, Vehicle, Alzheimer and treatment groups. AD was induced by the injections of streptozotocin (3mg/kg, bilateral intracerebroventricular) at days 1&3. Treated rats received orally captopril (50mg/kg/day) and valsartan (30mg/kg/day). Memory function and histological assessments were done at termination of experiment. Finally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and NOx contents were determined. Results: There was a significant increase in the mean value of latency in Alzheimer group (66%). Captopril and valsartan considerably decreased this value in both treatment groups (45% and 72%, respectively). In Alzheimer group the activities of brain's SOD and CAT reduced (40% and 47%, respectively) in accompany with an increase in MDA and NOx contents (49% and 50%, respectively). Captopril and valsartan significantly increased the activities of brain's SOD and CAT concomitant reduction in MDA and NOx contents. Also, histopathological damages noticeably decreased in both treatment groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that RAS inhibition by using captopril and valsartan potentiates the antioxidant defense system of brain and reduces oxidative/nitrosative stress in accompany with neuronal damage during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sarami Foroshani
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of new sciences and technology, Islamic Aazad University of Pharmaceutical Scinces Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Raouf Sarshoori
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Renin-angiotensin system as a potential therapeutic target in stroke and retinopathy: experimental and clinical evidence. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:221-38. [PMID: 26769658 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As our knowledge expands, it is now clear that the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) mediates functions other than regulating blood pressure (BP). The RAS plays a central role in the pathophysiology of different neurovascular unit disorders including stroke and retinopathy. Moreover, the beneficial actions of RAS modulation in brain and retina have been documented in experimental research, but not yet exploited clinically. The RAS is a complex system with distinct yet interconnected components. Understanding the different RAS components and their functions under brain and retinal pathological conditions is crucial to reap their benefits. The aim of the present review is to provide an experimental and clinical update on the role of RAS in the pathophysiology and treatment of stroke and retinopathy. Combining the evidence from both these disorders allows a unique opportunity to move both fields forward.
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Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering With Different Antihypertensive Agents on Cognitive Function and Plasma Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels: A Comparative Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:538-43. [PMID: 26906033 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI). However, the specific effect of antihypertensive therapy on cognitive function is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect of antihypertensive agents targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on CI and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). METHODS We included 62 patients who had been using the same antihypertensive agent for at least 3 months. Patients who had relevant conditions that could contribute to CI were excluded. After subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their current antihypertensive medication, the cognitive status of each patient was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). BDNF and plasma renin activity were evaluated. RESULTS There was a negative association between systolic blood pressure and MMSE independent of medication (rho = -0.251, P = 0.049). There was no significant correlation between MMSE and BDNF. The MMSE score was slightly higher in the non-RAS group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.09). There was also no significant difference in BDNF levels between study groups (P = 0.32). Mean plasma renin activity levels were significantly lower in the non-RAS group compared with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker groups (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the essential intervention for CI in hypertensive patients is appropriate for blood pressure control.
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Goel R, Bhat SA, Hanif K, Nath C, Shukla R. Perindopril Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Amyloidogenesis and Memory Impairment by Suppression of Oxidative Stress and RAGE Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:206-17. [PMID: 26689453 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies account hypertension as a risk factor for dementia. We reported earlier that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition attenuated the increased vulnerability to neurodegeneration in hypertension and prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment in normotensive wistar rats (NWRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Recently, a receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been reported to induce amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) deposition and memory impairment in hypertensive animals. However, the involvement of ACE in RAGE activation and amyloidogenesis in the hypertensive state is still unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of ACE on RAGE activation and amyloidogenesis in memory-impaired NWRs and SHRs. Memory impairment was induced by repeated (on days 1, 4, 7, and 10) intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of LPS in SHRs (25 μg) and NWRs (50 μg). Our data showed that SHRs exhibited increased oxidative stress (increased gp91-phox/NOX-2 expression and ROS generation), RAGE, and β-secretase (BACE) expression without Aβ1-42 deposition. LPS (25 μg, ICV) further amplified oxidative stress, RAGE, and BACE activation, culminating in Aβ1-42 deposition and memory impairment in SHRs. Similar changes were observed at the higher dose of LPS (50 μg, ICV) in NWRs. Further, LPS-induced oxidative stress was associated with endothelial dysfunction and reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), more prominently in SHRs than in NWRs. Finally, we showed that perindopril (0.1 mg/kg, 15 days) prevented memory impairment by reducing oxidative stress, RAGE activation, amyloidogenesis, and improved CBF in both SHRs and NWRs. These findings suggest that perindopril might be used as a therapeutic strategy for the early stage of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Goel
- Division of Pharmacology and ‡Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and ‡Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology and ‡Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Division of Pharmacology and ‡Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology and ‡Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Impairment Is Preventable by Captopril. Adv Med 2016; 2016:7676512. [PMID: 27830176 PMCID: PMC5088279 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7676512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Renin-angiotensin system has a role in inflammation and also is involved in many brain functions such as learning, memory, and emotion. Neuroimmune factors have been proposed as the contributors to the pathogenesis of memory impairments. In the present study, the effect of captopril on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Methods. The rats were divided and treated into control (saline), LPS (1 mg/kg), LPS-captopril (LPS-Capto; 50 mg/kg captopril before LPS), and captopril groups (50 mg/kg) before saline. Morris water maze was done. Long-term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of hippocampus was assessed by 100 Hz stimulation in the ipsilateral Schaffer collateral pathway. Results. In the LPS group, the spent time and traveled path to reach the platform were longer than those in the control, while, in the LPS-Capto group, they were shorter than those in the LPS group. Moreover, the slope and amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) decreased in the LPS group, as compared to the control group, whereas, in the LPS-Capto group, they increased compared to the LPS group. Conclusion. The results of the present study showed that captopril improved the LPS-induced memory and LTP impairments induced by LPS in rats. Further investigations are required in order to better understand the exact responsible mechanism(s).
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Abstract
Increasing life expectancy has made old age-related health problems like dementia and cognitive decline more prevalent, and these are rapidly becoming important causes of disability and poor quality of life, causing significant add-ons to health-care costs worldwide. Hypertension is the most important modifiable vascular risk factor for the development and progression of both cognitive decline and dementia. In many observational and randomized studies, antihypertensive therapies have been shown to be beneficial in slowing cognitive decline. However, due to observed discrepancies by these studies, there is a lack of consensus on the best antihypertensive strategy for the prevention or slowing of cognitive decline. It is also not clear whether the beneficial effect of antihypertensive therapy is due to the use of a specific class of agents or combination therapy. Thus, we present a comprehensive review of overall antihypertensive therapies and cognition and of the individual antihypertensive therapy classes with their specific protective mechanisms and available clinical evidence behind their effect on cognitive function.
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Angiotensin II-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell apoptosis was inhibited by propofol: Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and metallothinonein-3. Neuroscience 2015; 305:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kan H, Hu W, Wang Y, Wu W, Yin Y, Liang Y, Wang C, Huang D, Li W. NADPH oxidase-derived production of reactive oxygen species is involved in learning and memory impairments in 16-month-old female rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4546-4553. [PMID: 26058943 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Women undergoing the natural menopause can experience progressive cognitive dysfunction, particularly in the form of memory impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying memory impairments in the menopause remain to be elucidated. There is increasing evidence that oxidative damage caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may correlate with age‑associated cognitive impairment. The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family is important in the generation of ROS in the brain. It has been hypothesized that the accumulation of ROS, derived from NOX, may be involved in menopause‑associated learning and memory impairments. The present study investigated whether NOX‑derived ROS generation affected the learning and memory ability in 3‑month and 16‑month‑old female rats. The results of a morris water maze assessment revealed that there were significant learning and memory impairments in the 16‑month‑old female rats. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of malondialdehyde (MDA), production of ROS and expression levels of NOX2, p47phox, Ras‑related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) and protein kinase C α (PKCα) were investigated in the cortex and hippocampus of 3‑month and 16‑month old female rats. The results demonstrated that the activity of SOD was significantly decreased, whereas the levels of MDA, production of ROS and expression levels of NOX2, p47phox, RAC1 and PKCα were significantly increased in the 16‑month old female rats. These results suggested that NOX‑mediated oxidative stress may be important in menopause‑associated learning and memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wangyang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunctions are common in patients with schizophrenia, yet there is no general consensus concerning the effects of the components of the metabolic syndrome on various cognitive domains. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between components of the metabolic syndrome and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Components of the metabolic syndrome and neurocognitive functioning were assessed in 68 patients with schizophrenia. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used to assess neurocognition. Hyperglycemia and hypertension were the only components of the metabolic syndrome found to be associated with cognitive functioning. Patients with schizophrenia who were hypertensive showed cognitive impairments in 2 domains, with a negative association found between hypertension and verbal memory (P=0.047) and verbal fluency (P=0.007). Hyperglycemia was associated with higher scores on verbal memory (P=0.01) and verbal fluency (P<0.001). It appears that medical treatment of certain components of the metabolic syndrome could affect cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia.
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Goel R, Bhat SA, Rajasekar N, Hanif K, Nath C, Shukla R. Hypertension exacerbates predisposition to neurodegeneration and memory impairment in the presence of a neuroinflammatory stimulus: Protection by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 133:132-45. [PMID: 25869103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are intricately associated with memory impairment. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the involvement of hypertension and angiotensin system in neurodegeneration and memory dysfunction in the presence of neuroinflammatory stimulus. Memory impairment was induced by chronic neuroinflammation that was developed by repeated intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th day. Memory functions were evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test on days 13-15, followed by biochemical and molecular studies in the cortex and hippocampus regions of rat brain. LPS at the dose of 25μg ICV caused memory impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) but not in normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs). Memory deficit was obtained with 50μg of LPS (ICV) in NWRs. Control SHRs already exhibited increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and expression, neuroinflammation (increased TNF-α, GFAP, COX-2 and NF-kB), oxidative stress (increased iNOS, ROS and nitrite levels), TLR-4 expression and TUNEL positive cells as compared to control NWRs. Further, LPS (25μg ICV) exaggerated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in SHRs but similar effects were witnessed at 50μg of LPS (ICV) in NWRs. Oral administration of perindopril (ACE inhibitor), at non-antihypertensive dose (0.1mg/kg), for 15days attenuated LPS induced deleterious changes in both NWRs and SHRs. Our data suggest that susceptibility of the brain for neurodegeneration and memory impairment induced by neuroinflammation is enhanced in hypertension, and that can be protected by ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Goel
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - N Rajasekar
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Hajjar I, Hart M, Mack W, Lipsitz LA. Aldosterone, cognitive function, and cerebral hemodynamics in hypertension and antihypertensive therapy. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:319-25. [PMID: 25213687 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is involved in neurocognitive function and the response to antihypertensive therapy. We investigated the impact of circulating aldosterone and renin activity on cognition and cerebral hemodynamics at baseline and after antihypertensive therapy for 1 year. METHODS Participants were older adults (n = 47; mean age = 71 years) enrolled in a clinical trial. Routine antihypertensive medications were replaced with the study regimen to achieve a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. Executive function, memory, cerebral hemodynamics (blood flow velocity), CO2 vasoreactivity (measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography), plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the initiation of treatment. RESULTS At baseline, higher levels of circulating aldosterone were associated with lower blood flow velocity (β = -0.02; P = 0.03), lower CO2 vasoreactivity (β = -0.11; P = 0.007), and decreased autoregulation abilities (β = -0.09; P = 0.01). Those with higher levels of aldosterone at baseline demonstrated the greatest improvement in executive function (P = 0.014 for the aldosterone effect) and in CO2 vasoreactivity (P = 0.026 for the aldosterone effect) after 12 months of lowering blood pressure (<140/90 mm Hg). Plasma renin activity was not associated with any of the measures. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of aldosterone may be associated with decreased cerebrovascular function in hypertension. Those with higher aldosterone levels may benefit the most from lowering blood pressure. The role of aldosterone in brain health warrants further investigation in a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Hajjar
- Division of Geriatrics and General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Meaghan Hart
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lewis A Lipsitz
- Harvard Medical School, Institute for Aging Research, and Hebrew SeniorLife, Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Haruyama N, Fujisaki K, Yamato M, Eriguchi M, Noguchi H, Torisu K, Tsuruya K, Kitazono T. Improvement in spatial memory dysfunction by telmisartan through reduction of brain angiotensin II and oxidative stress in experimental uremic mice. Life Sci 2014; 113:55-9. [PMID: 25107329 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that chronic uremia induces spatial working memory dysfunction in mice, and that it is attributed to cerebral oxidative stress. The source of oxidative stress was considered to be uremic toxins, but this remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether the brain renin-angiotensin system was activated in the CKD mouse model, and whether it contributed to cognitive impairment. MAIN METHODS CKD was induced in 8-week-old male mice by 5/6 nephrectomy. Mice were divided into four groups: control mice administered tap water (Cont-V), control mice treated with 0.5mg/kg/day telmisartan, an angiotensin II (AII) receptor blocker, for 8 weeks (Cont-T), CKD mice administered tap water (CKD-V), and CKD mice treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day telmisartan for 8 weeks (CKD-T). After the treatment period, a radial arm water maze (RAWM) test was performed, and angiotensin II (AII) concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were measured in the brains of mice. KEY FINDINGS Errors in the RAWM test were more frequent in the CKD-V group than in the Cont-V group. In addition, errors in the CKD-T group were comparable to control mice. Tissue brain AII concentrations were greater in the CKD-V group compared with the other groups. Oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the brain were also greater in the CKD-V group compared with the other groups. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that brain AII levels were exaggerated in CKD mice, and that this contributes to cognitive impairment through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haruyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Fujisaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamato
- Department of REDOX Medicinal Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eriguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideko Noguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Salim S. Oxidative stress and psychological disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:140-7. [PMID: 24669208 PMCID: PMC3964745 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120230309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. The brain with its high oxygen consumption and a lipid-rich environment is considered highly susceptible to oxidative stress or redox imbalances. Therefore, the fact that oxidative stress is implicated in several mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is not surprising. Although several elegant studies have established a link between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders, the causal relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric diseases is not fully determined. Another critical aspect that needs much attention and effort is our understanding of the association between cellular oxidative stress and emotional stress. This review examines some of the recent discoveries that link oxidative status with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A discussion of published results and questions that currently exist in the field regarding a causal relationship between oxidative and emotional stress is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Texas, USA
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Thakur KS, Prakash A, Bisht R, Bansal PK. Beneficial effect of candesartan and lisinopril against haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in rat. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:917-29. [PMID: 24464858 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313515038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tardive dyskinesia is a serious motor disorder of the orofacial region, resulting from chronic neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia. Candesartan (AT1 antagonist) and lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of candesartan and lisinopril on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative damage in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tardive dyskinesia was induced by administering haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and concomitantly treated with candesartan (3 and 5 mg/kg p.o.) and lisinopril (10 and 15 mg/kg p.o.) for 3 weeks in male Wistar rats. Various behavioral parameters were assessed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and biochemical parameters were estimated at day 22. RESULTS Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased stereotypic behaviors in rats, which were significantly improved by administration of candesartan and lisinopril. Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in the striatum region of the rat's brain. Co-administration of candesartan and lisinopril significantly attenuated the oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation in the haloperidol-treated rat. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the therapeutic use of candesartan and lisinopril in the treatment of typical antipsychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and possible antioxidant and neuro-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, India
| | - Rohit Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, India
| | - Puneet Kumar Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, India
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