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Prenatal Hypoxia Affects Foetal Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms in a Sex- and Circadian-Dependent Manner: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052885. [PMID: 35270026 PMCID: PMC8910900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia during the prenatal period can interfere with the developmental trajectory and lead to developing hypertension in adulthood. Prenatal hypoxia is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction that interferes with metabolism and can lead to multilevel changes. Therefore, we analysed the effects of prenatal hypoxia predominantly not associated with intrauterine growth restriction using publications up to September 2021. We focused on: (1) The response of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, such as the chemoreflex, adenosine, nitric oxide, and angiotensin II on prenatal hypoxia. (2) The role of the placenta in causing and attenuating the effects of hypoxia. (3) Environmental conditions and the mother's health contribution to the development of prenatal hypoxia. (4) The sex-dependent effects of prenatal hypoxia on cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors and circadian variability. We identified that the possible relationship between the effects of prenatal hypoxia on the cardiovascular regulatory mechanism may vary depending on circadian variability and phase of the days. In summary, even short-term prenatal hypoxia significantly affects cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and programs hypertension in adulthood, while prenatal programming effects are not only dependent on the critical period, and sensitivity can change within circadian oscillations.
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2
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Piticchio T, Le Moli R, Tumino D, Frasca F. Relationship between betacoronaviruses and the endocrine system: a new key to understand the COVID-19 pandemic-A comprehensive review. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1553-1570. [PMID: 33583003 PMCID: PMC7882054 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new harmful respiratory disease, called COVID-19 emerged in China in December 2019 due to the infection of a novel coronavirus, called SARS-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the betacoronavirus genus, including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 shares almost 80% of the genome with SARS-CoV-1 and 50% with MERS-CoV. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 proteins share a high degree of homology (approximately 95%) with SARS-CoV-1 proteins. Hence, the mechanisms of SARS-Cov-1 and SARS-Cov-2 infection are similar and occur via binding to ACE2 protein, which is widely distributed in the human body, with a predominant expression in endocrine tissues including testis, thyroid, adrenal and pituitary. PURPOSE On the basis of expression pattern of the ACE2 protein among different tissues, similarity between SARS-Cov-1 and SARS-Cov-2 and the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease, we aimed at discussing, after almost one-year pandemic, about the relationships between COVID-19 infection and the endocrine system. First, we discussed the potential effect of hormones on the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection; second, we examined the evidences regarding the effect of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. When data were available, a comparative discussion between SARS and COVID-19 effects was also performed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search within Pubmed was performed. This review has been conducted according to the PRISMA statements. RESULTS Among 450, 100 articles were selected. Tissue and vascular damages have been shown on thyroid, adrenal, testis and pituitary glands, with multiple alterations of endocrine function. CONCLUSION Hormones may affect patient susceptibility to COVID-19 infection but evidences regarding therapeutic implication of these findings are still missing. SARS and COVID-19 may affect endocrine glands and their dense vascularization, impairing endocrine system function. A possible damage of endocrine system in COVID-19 patients should be investigated in both COVID-19 acute phase and recovery to identify both early and late endocrine complications that may be important for patient's prognosis and well-being after COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Piticchio
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - R Le Moli
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - D Tumino
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - F Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy.
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3
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Obesity-associated cardiovascular risk in women: hypertension and heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1523-1544. [PMID: 34160010 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases begins long prior to the presentation of a cardiovascular event. In both men and women, cardiovascular events, and their associated hospitalizations and mortality, are often clinically predisposed by the presentation of a chronic cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in both sexes, however, the clinical prevalence of obesity, as well as its contribution to crucial cardiovascular risk factors is dependent on sex. The mechanisms via which obesity leads to cardiovascular risk is also discrepant in women between their premenopausal, pregnancy and postmenopausal phases of life. Emerging data indicate that at all reproductive statuses and ages, the presentation of a cardiovascular event in obese women is strongly associated with hypertension and its subsequent chronic risk factor, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In addition, emerging evidence indicates that obesity increases the risk of both hypertension and heart failure in pregnancy. This review will summarize clinical and experimental data on the female-specific prevalence and mechanisms of hypertension and heart failure in women across reproductive stages and highlight the particular risks in pregnancy as well as emerging data in a high-risk ethnicity in women of African ancestry (AA).
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Zong Z, Wei Y, Ren J, Zhang L, Zhou F. The intersection of COVID-19 and cancer: signaling pathways and treatment implications. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:76. [PMID: 34001144 PMCID: PMC8126512 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious public health concern. Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by this pandemic. Increasing evidence has documented that patients with malignancies are highly susceptible to severe infections and mortality from COVID-19. Recent studies have also elucidated the molecular relationship between the two diseases, which may not only help optimize cancer care during the pandemic but also expand the treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the clinical and molecular similarities between cancer and COVID-19 and summarize the four major signaling pathways at the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer, namely, cytokine, type I interferon (IFN-I), androgen receptor (AR), and immune checkpoint signaling. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of repurposing anticancer treatment for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yujun Wei
- Anhui Anlong Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230041, China
| | - Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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5
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Le-Ha C, Beilin LJ, Burrows S, Keelan JA, Hickey M, Mori TA. Prenatal Testosterone Associates With Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Hypertension 2021; 77:1756-1764. [PMID: 33775121 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Le-Ha
- From the Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Campus (C.L-H, L.J.B., S.B., T.A.M.), the University of Western Australia, Perth
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- From the Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Campus (C.L-H, L.J.B., S.B., T.A.M.), the University of Western Australia, Perth
| | - Sally Burrows
- From the Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Campus (C.L-H, L.J.B., S.B., T.A.M.), the University of Western Australia, Perth
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- the School of Biomedical Sciences (J.A.K.), the University of Western Australia, Perth
| | - Martha Hickey
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (M.H.)
| | - Trevor A Mori
- From the Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Campus (C.L-H, L.J.B., S.B., T.A.M.), the University of Western Australia, Perth
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Bakrania BA, Spradley FT, Drummond HA, LaMarca B, Ryan MJ, Granger JP. Preeclampsia: Linking Placental Ischemia with Maternal Endothelial and Vascular Dysfunction. Compr Physiol 2020; 11:1315-1349. [PMID: 33295016 PMCID: PMC7959189 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder, occurs in 3% to 8% of pregnancies in the United States and affects over 200,000 women and newborns per year. The United States has seen a 25% increase in the incidence of PE, largely owing to increases in risk factors, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. Although the etiology of PE is not clear, it is believed that impaired spiral artery remodeling of the placenta reduces perfusion, leading to placental ischemia. Subsequently, the ischemic placenta releases antiangiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA), among others, into the maternal circulation. These factors cause widespread endothelial activation, upregulation of the endothelin system, and vasoconstriction. In turn, these changes affect the function of multiple organ systems including the kidneys, brain, liver, and heart. Despite extensive research into the pathophysiology of PE, the only treatment option remains early delivery of the baby and importantly, the placenta. While premature delivery is effective in ameliorating immediate risk to the mother, mounting evidence suggests that PE increases risk of cardiovascular disease later in life for both mother and baby. Notably, these women are at increased risk of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke, while offspring are at risk of obesity, hypertension, and neurological disease, among other complications, later in life. This article aims to discuss the current understanding of the diagnosis and pathophysiology of PE, as well as associated organ damage, maternal and fetal outcomes, and potential therapeutic avenues. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1315-1349, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha A. Bakrania
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Frank T. Spradley
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather A. Drummond
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J. Ryan
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joey P. Granger
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Bhowmick NA, Oft J, Dorff T, Pal S, Agarwal N, Figlin RA, Posadas EM, Freedland S, Gong J. COVID-19 and androgen-targeted therapy for prostate cancer patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:R281-R292. [PMID: 32508311 PMCID: PMC7546583 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health challenge with active development of antiviral drugs and vaccines seeking to reduce its significant disease burden. Early reports have confirmed that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical targets of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate viral entry into host cells. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are expressed in multiple human tissues beyond the lung including the testes where predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection may exist. TMPRSS2 is an androgen-responsive gene and its fusion represents one of the most frequent alterations in prostate cancer. Androgen suppression by androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors form the foundation of prostate cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the growing evidence in support of androgen regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 and the potential clinical implications of using androgen suppression to downregulate TMPRSS2 to target SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the future directions and controversies that need to be addressed in order to establish the viability of targeting TMPRSS2 and/or ACE2 through androgen signaling regulation for COVID-19 treatment, particularly its relevance in the context of prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Jillian Oft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Tanya Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Robert A. Figlin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Edwin M. Posadas
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | | | - Jun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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De Toni L, Garolla A, Di Nisio A, Rocca MS, Foresta C. Caution in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in males. Andrology 2020; 9:27-29. [PMID: 32452644 PMCID: PMC7283787 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic carries clinical, economic, and social burdens that are currently being disclosed. The key steps of virus life cycle have been recently clarified, highlighting the role of host type 2 angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 serine protease in virus‐cell binding and entry, respectively. Importantly, major concerns derive from the androgen‐dependent tissue‐expression of both TMPRSS2 and ACE2, suggesting a differential clinical course of the infection between genders. In agreement with this model, available epidemiological data show that the disease in males has an higher risk to display an heavier pattern and associates with both an increased access to critical care unit and higher mortality rate. In this opinion article, available evidence linking the androgen activity with the gender differences observed in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are discussed, hypothesizing possible therapeutic approaches in male based on the disruption of androgen signaling. On these bases, gender‐specific recommendations for the management of male patients affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are warmly suggested, in order to improve the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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Cava C, Bertoli G, Castiglioni I. In Silico Discovery of Candidate Drugs against Covid-19. Viruses 2020; 12:E404. [PMID: 32268515 PMCID: PMC7232366 DOI: 10.3390/v12040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cell receptor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It plays a key role in the access of the virus into the cell to produce the final infection. In the present study we investigated in silico the basic mechanism of ACE2 in the lung and provided evidences for new potentially effective drugs for Covid-19. Specifically, we used the gene expression profiles from public datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis to investigate the main functions of ACE2-correlated genes. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network containing the genes co-expressed with ACE2. Finally, we focused on the genes in the network that are already associated with known drugs and evaluated their role for a potential treatment of Covid-19. Our results demonstrate that the genes correlated with ACE2 are mainly enriched in the sterol biosynthetic process, Aryldialkylphosphatase activity, adenosylhomocysteinase activity, trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity, acetate-CoA and CoA ligase activity. We identified a network of 193 genes, 222 interactions and 36 potential drugs that could have a crucial role. Among possible interesting drugs for Covid-19 treatment, we found Nimesulide, Fluticasone Propionate, Thiabendazole, Photofrin, Didanosine and Flutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Department of Physics “Giuseppe Occhialini”, University of Milan-Bicocca Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1 - 20126, Milan, Italy;
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10
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Kooiman J, Terstappen F, van Wagensveld L, Franx A, Wever KE, Roseboom TJ, Joles JA, Gremmels H, Lely AT. Conflicting Effects of Fetal Growth Restriction on Blood Pressure Between Human and Rat Offspring: A Meta-Analysis. Hypertension 2020; 75:806-818. [PMID: 31983304 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with hypertension. Low birth weight can result from fetal growth restriction (FGR) or prematurity. FGR is postulated to impact blood pressure (BP) by developmental programming. This systematic review and meta-analysis studies BP in human and animal offspring following FGR. Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting on BP after placental insufficiency induced FGR compared with normal growth controls. Primary outcome was mean absolute BP difference (ΔBP mm Hg [95% CI]). Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were executed on species, sex, age, pregnancy duration, and stress during BP readings. Due to large interspecies heterogeneity, analyses were performed separately for human (n=41) and animal (n=31) studies, the latter restricted to rats (n=27). Human studies showed a ΔBP between FGR and controls of -0.6 mm Hg ([95% CI, -1.7 to 0.6]; I2=91%). Mean ΔBP was -2.6 mm Hg (95% CI, -5.7 to 0.4) in women versus -0.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -3.7 to 2.7) in men. Subgroup analyses did not indicate age, gestational age, and stress during measurements as sources of heterogeneity. In rats, mean BP was 12.0 mm Hg ([95% CI, 8.8-15.2]; I2=81%) higher in FGR offspring. This difference was more pronounced in FGR males (13.6 mm Hg [95% CI, 10.3-17.0] versus 9.1 mm Hg [95% CI, 5.3-12.8]). Subgroup analyses on age showed no statistical interaction. BP readings under restrained conditions resulted in larger BP differences between FGR and control rats (15.3 mm Hg [95% CI, 11.6-18.9] versus 5.7 mm Hg [95% CI, 1.1-10.3]). Rat studies confirm the relation between FGR and offspring BP, while observational studies in humans do not show such differences. This may be due to the observational nature of human studies, methodological limitations, or an absence of this phenomenon in humans. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: CRD42018091819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kooiman
- From the Department of Obstetrics (J.K., F.T., L.v.W., A.F., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fieke Terstappen
- From the Department of Obstetrics (J.K., F.T., L.v.W., A.F., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Developmental Origin of Disease (F.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian van Wagensveld
- From the Department of Obstetrics (J.K., F.T., L.v.W., A.F., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- From the Department of Obstetrics (J.K., F.T., L.v.W., A.F., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (K.E.W.)
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.J.R.)
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension (J.A.J., H.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension (J.A.J., H.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Titia Lely
- From the Department of Obstetrics (J.K., F.T., L.v.W., A.F., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Davis GK, Newsome AD, Cole AB, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Chronic Estrogen Supplementation Prevents the Increase in Blood Pressure in Female Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Offspring at 12 Months of Age. Hypertension 2019; 73:1128-1136. [PMID: 30929518 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension and an earlier age at menopause in women in later life. Yet, the association between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) in women as they age is not well defined. In a rodent model of low birth weight induced by placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction programs a significant increase in BP by 12 months of age in female growth-restricted offspring that is associated with early reproductive senescence, increased testosterone, and a shift in the hormonal milieu. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that increased BP in female growth-restricted offspring is abolished by chronic estradiol supplementation. Placebo or 17β-estradiol valerate mini pellets (1.5 mg for 60-day release) were administered at 12 months of age for 6 weeks. BP, measured in conscious catheterized rats, was significantly increased in placebo-treated growth-restricted relative to placebo-treated control. However, BP was not elevated in estradiol-treated growth-restricted relative to placebo-treated growth-restricted. Estradiol mediates its effects on BP via its receptors and the renin-angiotensin system. BP was decreased in growth-restricted offspring treated with a G-protein coupled receptor agonist, G1 (400 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Renal AT1aR (angiotensin type 1a receptor) and AT1bR (angiotensin type 1b receptor) and renal AR (androgen receptor) mRNA expression were elevated in vehicle-treated growth-restricted offspring, but not in G1-treated growth-restricted. Therefore, these data suggest that chronic estradiol supplementation prevents the increase in BP that develops in female growth-restricted offspring via actions that may involve its G-protein coupled receptor and the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn K Davis
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (G.K.D., A.D.N., A.B.C., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Ashley D Newsome
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (G.K.D., A.D.N., A.B.C., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Alyssa B Cole
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (G.K.D., A.D.N., A.B.C., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Pediatrics (N.B.O.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (G.K.D., A.D.N., A.B.C., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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Davis GK, Intapad S, Newsome AD, Coats LE, Bamrick DR, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Androgen Receptor Blockade Differentially Regulates Blood Pressure in Growth-Restricted Versus Ovarian Deficient Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:975-982. [PMID: 31378101 PMCID: PMC6739128 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension in women by age 60; yet, the mechanisms involved are unknown. We previously reported that hypertension in female growth-restricted offspring that is associated with early reproductive senescence and a shift in the testosterone-to-estradiol ratio at 12 months of age is abolished by AR (androgen receptor) blockade in conjunction with downregulation of renal AT1aR (angiotensin type 1a receptor) mRNA expression. These data suggest androgen-mediated activation of the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension that develops in female growth-restricted offspring with aging. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that androgen-mediated increased blood pressure is specific to female growth-restricted offspring. Control and growth-restricted rats underwent sham or ovariectomy at 10 months of age. Vehicle or flutamide (8 mg/kg/day; subcutaneous), an AR antagonist, was administered at 11.5 months of age for 2 weeks followed by measurement of blood pressure. Loss of ovarian hormones was associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in blood pressure in control compared with intact counterparts accompanied by a 1.8-fold increase in renal AT1aR mRNA expression. Treatment with flutamide had no effect on blood pressure or renal AT1aR mRNA expression in ovariectomized controls. Although blood pressure was significantly decreased in flutamide-treated ovariectomized growth-restricted, flutamide had no effect on the increase in renal AT1aR mRNA expression. Therefore, these findings suggest the effect of AR blockade on blood pressure is specific to intact growth-restricted offspring and that mechanisms of postmenopausal hypertension may differ between normal and low birth weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn K Davis
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (S.I.)
| | - Ashley D Newsome
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Laura E Coats
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Daniel R Bamrick
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Norma B Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics (N.B.O.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- From the Department of Physiology (G.K.D., A.D.N., L.E.C., D.R.B., B.T.A.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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Mishra JS, More AS, Gopalakrishnan K, Kumar S. Testosterone plays a permissive role in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in male rats. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:139-148. [PMID: 30102356 PMCID: PMC6335213 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones contribute to sex differences in blood pressure. Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. This study evaluated the role of androgens (testosterone) in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced increase in blood pressure, vascular reactivity, and cardiac hypertrophy. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats underwent sham operation, castration, or castration with testosterone replacement. After 12 weeks of chronic changes in androgen status, Ang II (120 ng/kg per minute) or saline was infused for 28 days via subcutaneous miniosmotic pump, and changes in blood pressure was measured. Vascular reactivity and Ang II receptor levels were examined in mesenteric arteries. Heart weight, cardiac ANP mRNA levels, and fibrosis were also assessed. Ang II infusion increased arterial pressure in intact males. The Ang II-induced increase in hypertensive response was prevented in castrated males. Testosterone replacement in castrated males restored Ang II-induced hypertensive responses. Castration reduced vascular AT1R/AT2R ratio, an effect that was reversed by testosterone replacement. Ang II-induced hypertension was associated with increased contractile response of mesenteric arteries to Ang II and phenylephrine in intact and testosterone-replaced castrated males; these increases were prevented in castrated males. Ang II infusion induced increased left ventricle-to-body weight ratio and ANP mRNA expression, indicators of left ventricular hypertrophy, and fibrosis in intact and testosterone-replaced castrated males, and castration prevented the increase in these parameters caused by Ang II. This study demonstrates that testosterone plays a permissive role in development and maintenance of Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amar S More
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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He Q, Liu X, Zhong Y, Xu SS, Zhang ZM, Tang LL, Zhang LY, Du LZ. Arginine bioavailability and endothelin-1 system in the regulation of vascular function of umbilical vein endothelial cells from intrauterine growth restricted newborns. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1285-1295. [PMID: 30392707 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality, leading to long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms in IUGR-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were derived from IUGR or normal newborns. We found that the proliferation of IUGR-derived HUVECs was accelerated compared to those from normal subjects. Gene profiles related to vascular function including vasomotion, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis were dysregulated in IUGR-HUVECs. Compared with HUVECs from normal newborns, nitric oxide (NO) production was reduced, with imbalance between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and arginase-2 (Arg-2) in IUGR. Meanwhile, intracellular asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level was elevated with diminished dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) expression in IUGR-HUVECs. Furthermore, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression were increased, and endothelin receptor type-B (ETBR) was reduced in the IUGR group. IUGR-HUVECs exposed to hypoxia increased the ratio of ADMA to l-arginine, HIF-1α and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) expression compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the reduction of NO bioavailability and release results from elevated Arg-2, accumulation of intracellular ADMA, and imbalance of ET-1 and ETBR, further leading to IUGR-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. Our study provides novel evidence on the mechanism underlying fetal programming associated with IUGR, which will serve as potential therapeutic targets in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular consequences in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q He
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S S Xu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z M Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L L Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - L Y Zhang
- Fujian University of Medicine, NICU, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - L Z Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Hypertension Editors' Picks: Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, and Hypertension. Hypertension 2018; 72:e1-e18. [PMID: 29899140 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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de Brito Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein malnutrition induced-hypertension: New evidence about the autonomic and respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:422-429. [PMID: 29164748 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during the critical stages of development (pregnancy, lactation and first infancy) can lead to adult hypertension. Studies have shown that renal and cardiovascular dysfunctions can be associated to the development of hypertension in humans and rats exposed to maternal protein malnutrition. The etiology of hypertension, however, includes a complex network involved in central and peripheral blood pressure control. Recently, the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in protein-restricted rats has been reported. Studies have shown that protein malnutrition during pregnancy and/or lactation alters blood pressure control through mechanisms that include central sympathetic-respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic modifications, which may contribute to adult hypertension. Thus, this review will discuss the historical context, new evidences of neurogenic disruption in respiratory-sympathetic activities and possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in maternal protein malnutrition induced- hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, Brazil
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Phungphong S, Kijtawornrat A, Chaiduang S, Saengsirisuwan V, Bupha-Intr T. 20-Hydroxyecdysone attenuates cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Steroids 2017; 126:79-84. [PMID: 28803209 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecdysteroids, a group of steroid hormones found in insects and many plants, have been shown to prevent various changes in mammalian tissues after female sex hormone deprivation. PURPOSE To examine whether an ecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD Blood pressure and cardiac function were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during and after daily treatment with 20-HE for six weeks. RESULTS The progressive increase in systolic blood pressure with age in SHR rats was significantly lower in animals treated with either 5 or 10mg/kg body weight of 20-HE. However, treatment with 20-HE did not diminish the increase in diastolic pressure. Echocardiography after six weeks of treatment demonstrated that the left ventricular chamber of SHR rats treated with 20-HE was smaller than that of SHR controls, while contractility was not affected by 20-HE. Histological images also demonstrated a decrease in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area in 20-HE treated groups. Interestingly, treatment with 20-HE caused a shift in cardiac myosin heavy chain towards more β-isoforms. SHR rats treated with 20-HE also exhibited a decrease in seminal vesicular weight and an increase in testicular weight, especially at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight. This finding suggests a possible anti-androgenic effect of 20-HE. CONCLUSION Our finding reveal that 20-HE has a beneficial effect on reducing blood pressure and consequently preventing dilated cardiac hypertrophy in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Phungphong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirinut Chaiduang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Effects of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Female Sex on Future Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:13. [PMID: 28233240 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW It is well-established that the age-related increase in blood pressure is augmented after menopause. Yet, the prevalence of hypertension is enhanced in low birth weight women relative to normal birth weight counterparts by 60 years of age suggesting that adverse influences during fetal life heighten cardiovascular risk in later life. RECENT FINDINGS A changing hormonal milieu may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk that occurs after the menopausal transition. Low birth weight is associated with early age at menopause. A recent study indicates that a shift towards testosterone excess following early reproductive senescence may contribute to the etiology of age-dependent increases in blood pressure in a rodent model of low birth weight. This review will highlight current findings related to postmenopausal hypertension and discuss potential mechanisms that may contribute to the enhanced cardiovascular risk that develops with age in low birth weight women.
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Dasinger JH, Davis GK, Newsome AD, Alexander BT. Developmental Programming of Hypertension: Physiological Mechanisms. Hypertension 2016; 68:826-31. [PMID: 27550912 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Henry Dasinger
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Gwendolyn K Davis
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Ashley D Newsome
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
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