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Yin L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Li R, Zeng J, Dong K, Wang Y, Li X. Analysis of the current status and associated risk factors of cognitive function in Tibetan hypertensive patients at various altitudes. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2393331. [PMID: 39190746 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2393331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the current cognitive status and identify risk factors associated with cognitive function in Tibetan hypertensive patients living at various altitudes. METHODS The Simple Mental Status Scale (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of 611 Tibetan hypertensive patients at various altitudes in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Afterward, we conducted an analysis to identify the factors influencing their cognitive function. RESULTS The study found that the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was 22.3%, with a higher incidence at high altitude (group D 29.0%) compared to low altitude (group A 16.0%). The study conducted a binary logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The analysis revealed that altitude, age, body mass index, marital status, education, income level, and blood pressure control level were all significant risk factors. After controlling for age, body mass index, marital status, educational level, income level, and blood pressure control level, the risk of developing cognitive dysfunction was 2.773 times higher (p < .05) for individuals in group C at high altitude and 2.381 times higher (p < .05) for individuals in group D at high altitude compared to those in group A at low altitude. CONCLUSIONS Altitude plays a role in the development of cognitive dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Tibetan hypertensive patients living at high altitudes may be at a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction compared to those living at lower altitudes. Therefore, interventions should be targeted to prevent or mitigate potential cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kaixuan Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Tian JS, Wei YC, Wang P, Ling QS, Wang DX, Wang Z, Miao ZW, Miao CY. Pharmacological effects of MT-1207 in bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension and its hypotensive targets validation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117234. [PMID: 39106710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
MT-1207 (MT) as a new antihypertensive drug is under clinical trial. However, its hypotensive mechanism has not been experimentally explored, and it is unknown whether MT can be used for bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension. Using two-kidney two-clip (2K2C) to mimic bilateral renal artery stenosis in rats, a stroke-prone renovascular hypertension model, the present study further verified its antihypertensive effect, cardiovascular and renal protection, mortality reduction and lifespan prolongation, as well as demonstrated its two novel pharmacological effects for uric acid-lowering and cognition-improving. Notably, MT did not aggravate renal dysfunction; instead, it had beneficial effects on reducing serum uric acid level and maintaining serum K+ at a relatively stable level in 2K2C rats. In contrast, angiotensin receptor blocker losartan aggravated renal dysfunction in 2K2C rats. Mechanistically, MT hypotensive effect was dependent on its blockade of α1 and 5-HT2 receptors, since MT pretreatment abolished these receptor agonists-induced blood pressure elevations in vivo. Further evidence showed MT bound to and interacted with these receptor subtypes including α1A, α1B, α1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors known for control of blood pressure. In conclusion, MT may be used for treatment of bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension, different from losartan that is prohibited for treatment of bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension. Targets validation of MT hypotensive mechanism and beneficial effects of MT on uric acid and cognitive function provide new insights for this novel multitarget drug, deserving clinical trial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- ORxes Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Wei Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen L, Liu J, Li X, Hou Z, Wei Y, Chen M, Wang B, Cao H, Qiu R, Zhang Y, Ji X, Zhang P, Xue M, Qiu L, Wang L, Li H. Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and cognitive function in Chinese older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:978-988. [PMID: 37992128 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2285537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Diet can regulate systemic inflammation, which may play an important role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. To explore the relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive ability. A total of 2307 adults aged 60 years or older were recruited from the Fujian Provincial Hospital (Fujian, China). Dietary inflammatory properties were analyzed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were fit to assess the associations between variables. The MCI subjects with the highest E-DII scores had a higher risk of AD compared to subjects with the lowest E-DII scores (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.49-2.64, P for trend < 0.001). Subjects with the highest E-DII levels were at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with the lowest E-DII levels (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.25-1.93, P for trend < 0.001). The link between E-DII and cognitive impairment was significant in a nonlinear dose response analysis (P for nonlinear = 0.001). Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of developing AD or cognitive impairment. These findings may contribute to the effective prevention of cognitive impairment by constructing a multidisciplinary synergistic prevention strategy and controlling dietary inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiu Liu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyi Hou
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbao Wei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixia Wang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyan Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Ji
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianxiang Xue
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Qiu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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An X, Cui Y, Qin M, Zhou J, Liu Q, Ye H. The mediating role of nutritional indicators in the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and cognitive impairment in older adults. Psychogeriatrics 2024. [PMID: 39149813 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in older adults, especially those with renal dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the complex relationships among renal function, nutritional status, and CI in older people free from late chronic kidney disease (CKD) and severe CI. METHODS A study of older people (≥60 years old) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of >10 (n = 237) was conducted at Beijing Tongren Hospital. Their eGFR was determined using the CKD-EPI-cr-Cysc equation. Cognitive function was evaluated with the MoCA. We tested the relationship between eGFR and MoCA scores using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. We then conducted a mediation analysis to figure out the mediating roles of nutritional indicators (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) scores, albumin (ALB), and haemoglobin (HGB)) between the eGFR and MoCA scores. RESULTS The incidence of CI was 48.5% (115/237) in older people. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the better the kidney function, the better the cognitive function (R = 0.297, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that eGFR decrease per 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR: 1.415, 95% confidence interval: 1.055-1.896, P = 0.020) was related to CI after adjusting for age and sex. However, the eGFR was not associated with cognitive decline after adjusting for nutritional indicators, behavioural risk factors, other biomarkers, and chronic conditions, suggesting that eGFR is not independently associated with CI. Mediation analysis revealed that the MNA-SF scores (a*b = 0.006 (0.0002-0.012)) and HGB (a*b = 0.008 (0.001-0.017)) were mediating factors between the eGFR and MoCA scores. CONCLUSIONS A decline in renal function can directly lead to CI and can also exacerbate cognitive deficits through intermediary factors such as MNA-SF scores and HGB. Therefore, correcting anaemia and improving nutritional status are significantly important for enhancing cognitive function in older patients, especially those with renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping An
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Katusic ZS, d’Uscio LV, He T. Cerebrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of BACE1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1737-1747. [PMID: 38868939 PMCID: PMC11269044 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunctional endothelium is increasingly recognized as a mechanistic link between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia, including Alzheimer disease. BACE1 (β-site amyloid-β precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1) is responsible for β-processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein), the first step in the production of Aβ (amyloid-β) peptides, major culprits in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Under pathological conditions, excessive activation of BACE1 exerts detrimental effects on endothelial function by Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent mechanisms. High local concentration of Aβ in the brain blood vessels is responsible for the loss of key vascular protective functions of endothelial cells. More recent studies recognized significant contribution of Aβ-independent proteolytic activity of endothelial BACE1 to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. This review critically evaluates existing evidence supporting the concept that excessive activation of BACE1 expressed in the cerebrovascular endothelium impairs key homeostatic functions of the brain blood vessels. This concept has important therapeutic implications. Indeed, improved understanding of the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction may help in efforts to develop new approaches to the protection and preservation of healthy cerebrovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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Logue E, Hilsabeck RC, Melamed E. Gender differences in the associations of psychosocial trauma and acute medical stressors with immune system activation and dementia risk. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1313-1333. [PMID: 38567869 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review synthesizing the literature on differences between women and men in relationships among certain stressors associated with immune system activation and their relationship to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Method: We review the cycle of stress leading to neuroinflammation via cortisol and neurochemical alterations, cell-mediated immune system activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and how this is implicated in the development of dementia. We follow this by discussing sex differences in stress physiology and immune function. We then review the work on early life adversity (ELA) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder, acute medical stressors, and their associations with cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Throughout, we emphasize women's presentations and issues unique to women (e.g. trauma disorder prevalence). Conclusions: There is a need for more mechanistic and longitudinal studies that consider trauma accumulation, both physical and emotional, as well as a greater focus on traumas more likely to occur in women (e.g. sexual abuse), and their relationship to early cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Logue
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robin C Hilsabeck
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Camargo LL, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6. [PMID: 39048744 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Multiple interacting factors and organ systems increase blood pressure and cause target-organ damage. Among the many molecular elements involved in the development of hypertension are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence cellular processes in systems that contribute to blood pressure elevation (such as the cardiovascular, renal, immune and central nervous systems, or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Dysregulated ROS production (oxidative stress) is a hallmark of hypertension in humans and experimental models. Of the many ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidases are the most important in the development of hypertension. At the cellular level, ROS influence signalling pathways that define cell fate and function. Oxidative stress promotes aberrant redox signalling and cell injury, causing endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage, cardiovascular remodelling, inflammation and renal injury, which are all important in both the causes and consequences of hypertension. ROS scavengers reduce blood pressure in almost all experimental models of hypertension; however, clinical trials of antioxidants have yielded mixed results. In this Review, we highlight the latest advances in the understanding of the role and the clinical implications of ROS in hypertension. We focus on cellular sources of ROS, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and alterations in redox signalling in organ systems, and their contributions to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Dai S, Yang Y, Wang D. Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Predict Prehypertension Progression and Regression: A Prospective Cohort Study Involving Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:588-596. [PMID: 38597145 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are published on the relationship of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with prehypertension progression or regression. Therefore, we investigated this association through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. METHODS Participants with prehypertension were assigned to two groups according to baseline CVAI, and after 4 years of follow-up, their blood pressure was analyzed for deterioration or improvement. We constructed logistic regression models for assessing the association of CVAI with the progression or regression of prehypertension. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was utilized for determining the dose-response association. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS The study included 2,057 participants with prehypertension. During the follow-up, 695 participants progressed to hypertension, 561 participants regressed to normotension, and 801 participants remained as prehypertensive. An association was observed between a high CVAI value and a higher incidence of progression to hypertension and between a high CVAI value and a lower incidence of regression to normotension (OR = 1.66 and 0.58, 95% CI: 1.35-2.05 and 0.47-0.73, respectively). The RCS model exhibited a linear association between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression (all P for non-linear > 0.05). The results of the subgroup and sensitivity analyses agreed with those of the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS A significant association was noted between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression. Thus, as part of the hypertension prevention strategy, monitoring CVAI is crucial in individuals with prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjie Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Tiwari P, Mueed S, Abdulkareem AO, Hanif K. Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hypertension. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103953. [PMID: 39013481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-induced brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation and neuroinflammation are hallmark neuropathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies from our lab have shown that inhibition of ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis (by AT1R blockers or ACE inhibitors) reduced neuroinflammation and accompanied neurodegeneration via up-regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Apart from this conventional axis, another axis of RAS also exists i.e., ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis, reported as an anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory. However, the role of this axis has not been explored in hypertension-induced glial activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in rat models of hypertension. Hence, in the present study, we examined the effect of ACE2 activator, Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) at 2 different doses of 10 mg/kg (non-antihypertensive) and 15 mg/kg (antihypertensive dose) in renovascular hypertensive rats to explore whether their effect on glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis is either influenced by blood-pressure. The results of our study revealed that hypertension induced significant glial activation (astrocyte and microglial), neuroinflammation, and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. However, ACE2 activation by DIZE, even at the low dose prevented these hypertension-induced changes in the brain. Mechanistically, ACE2 activation inhibited Ang II levels, TRAF6-NFκB mediated inflammatory signaling, NOX4-mediated ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR signaling. Moreover, DIZE-induced activation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis during the hypertensive state. Therefore, our study demonstrates that ACE2 activation can effectively prevent glial activation and enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in hypertensive conditions, regardless of its blood pressure-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumbul Mueed
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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10
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Zarate SM, Kirabo A, Hinton AO, Santisteban MM. Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:339-347. [PMID: 38613621 PMCID: PMC11199253 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and chronic disability worldwide. Yet, despite extensive intervention strategies the number of persons affected by CVD continues to rise. Thus, there is great interest in unveiling novel mechanisms that may lead to new treatments. Considering this dilemma, recent focus has turned to the neuroimmune mechanisms involved in CVD pathology leading to a deeper understanding of the brain's involvement in disease pathology. This review provides an overview of new and salient findings regarding the neuroimmune mechanisms that contribute to CVD. RECENT FINDINGS The brain contains neuroimmune niches comprised of glia in the parenchyma and immune cells at the brain's borders, and there is strong evidence that these neuroimmune niches are important in both health and disease. Mechanistic studies suggest that the activation of glia and immune cells in these niches modulates CVD progression in hypertension and heart failure and contributes to the inevitable end-organ damage to the brain. This review provides evidence supporting the role of neuroimmune niches in CVD progression. However, additional research is needed to understand the effects of prolonged neuroimmune activation on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Zarate
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
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11
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Khan AD, Elnagar S, Eltayeb M, Baluch SK, Kumar A, Kumari M, Kumari M, Fareed MU, Rehman A, Shehryar A. The Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e65194. [PMID: 39176335 PMCID: PMC11340657 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has also been linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review synthesizes the current evidence on how managing hypertension may influence cognitive health, particularly among elderly populations and those with cognitive impairments. By analyzing data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, and cross-sectional studies, we evaluated the efficacy of various interventions, including pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and multidomain approaches that address blood pressure (BP) variability and intensive versus standard blood pressure control. Our findings reveal that effective blood pressure management can mitigate cognitive decline and potentially alter the course of Alzheimer's disease. However, the results also highlight complexities, such as the risk of adverse effects from intensive blood pressure control on cognitive processing and hippocampal volume. This review underscores the need for tailored hypertension management strategies that balance cardiovascular health with cognitive outcomes, suggesting that stabilizing blood pressure variability could play a crucial role. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to refine these management strategies and enhance treatment guidelines, improving overall outcomes for patients at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Khan
- Internal Medicine, Frontier Medical & Dental College, Abbottabad, PAK
| | - Sara Elnagar
- Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, New York City, USA
| | | | - Shariq K Baluch
- Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MEX
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | | | - Muskan Kumari
- Internal Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
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12
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HUA Q, FAN L, WANG ZW, LI J. 2023 Guideline for the management of hypertension in the elderly population in China. J Geriatr Cardiol 2024; 21:589-630. [PMID: 38973827 PMCID: PMC11224653 DOI: 10.26599/1671-5411.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi HUA
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li FAN
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Wu WANG
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing LI
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Wang N, Ren L, Li Z, Hu Y, Zhou J, Sun Q, Pei B, Li X, Peng W, Yu J, Zhao R, Huang Z, Chen Z, Huang G. The association between SII and aging: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1418385. [PMID: 38993709 PMCID: PMC11236748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1418385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to examine the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a contemporary metric of systemic inflammatory response, and biological aging, which are closely interconnected processes. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized 10 cycles of data from the NHANES database spanning from 1990 to 2018. The study examined the relationship between the SII index, calculated as P * N/L, where P represents preoperative peripheral platelet count, N represents neutrophil count, and L represents lymphocyte count, and biological aging. Biological aging was assessed through various methods, such as phenotypic age, phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), biological age, and biological age acceleration (BioAgeAccel). Correlations were analyzed using weighted linear regression and subgroup analysis. Results Among the 7,491 participants analyzed, the average age was 45.26 ± 0.34 years, with 52.16% being female. The average phenotypic and biological ages were 40.06 ± 0.36 and 45.89 ± 0.32 years, respectively. Following adjustment for potential confounders, elevated SII scores were linked to increased phenotypic age, biological age, Phenotypic age acceleration, and Biological age acceleration. Positive correlations were observed between health behavior and health factor scores and biological aging, with stronger associations seen for health factors. In health factor-specific analyses, the β coefficient was notably higher for high BMI. The robust positive associations between SII scores and both phenotypic age and biological age in the stratified analyses were consistently observed across all strata. Conclusion The evidence from the NHANES data indicate that SII may serve as a valuable marker for assessing different facets of aging and health outcomes, such as mortality and the aging process. Additional research is warranted to comprehensively elucidate the implications of SII in the aging process and its utility as a clinical instrument for evaluating and addressing age-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Ren
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Medical Journal Press, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingpei Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Pei
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Peng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renhui Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhu Chen
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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14
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Shi Y, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yue Z. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38890672 PMCID: PMC11186221 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interrelation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) likely arises from shared pathological mechanisms. This study thus aims to examine the impact of MetS and its components on PD. METHODS This study utilized data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database spanning 1999 to 2020. The random forest algorithm was applied to fill in the missing data. Propensity score optimal full matching was conducted. The data were adjusted by total weights derived from both sampling and matching weights. The weighted data were utilized to create multifactor logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and average marginal effects, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. RESULTS MetS did not significantly affect the risk of PD (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.34; P = 0.92). Hypertension elevated the risk of PD (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.76; P = 0.045), accompanied by a 0.26% increased probability of PD occurrence (95% CI: 0.01%, 0.52%; P = 0.04). Diabetes mellitus (DM) had a 1.38 times greater likelihood of developing PD (OR:1.38; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.89; P = 0.046), corresponding to a 0.32% increased probability of PD occurrence (95% CI: -0.03%, 0.67%; P = 0.07). Nevertheless, no correlation was observed between hyperlipidemia, waist circumference and PD. CONCLUSION MetS does not affect PD; however, hypertension and DM significantly increase the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - XueYi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - ZongXiang Yue
- Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang P, Yin D. Association between a body shape index and cognitive impairment among us older adults from a cross-sectional survey of the NHANES 2011-2014. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:169. [PMID: 38840158 PMCID: PMC11151546 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the relationship between A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and cognitive impairment among older adults in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed cognitive function in 2,752 individuals aged 60 and older using data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cognitive assessments were conducted using the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). A Body Shape Index (ABSI) was calculated from waist circumference (WC), weight, and height. The relationship between ABSI and cognitive outcomes was examined through multifactorial linear regression, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup and interaction analyses. RESULTS With complete data, 2752 persons 60 and older participated in the study. After adjusting for covariables, these results showed statistically significant negative relationships between ABSI, IRT, and DSST scores. The negative correlation between DSST and ABSI is more substantial in males than females. There is less of a negative link between ABSI, AFT, and DSST among drinkers who consume 12 or more drinks annually compared to those who consume less. Furthermore, compared to individuals without high blood pressure(HBP), those who suffered HBP showed a more significant negative connection between ABSI and AFT. CONCLUSION Lower cognitive function was linked to higher ABSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Funing People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China.
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16
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Suvvari TK. Exploring the association between hypertension and cognitive impairment: Evidence-based insights. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:153-155. [PMID: 38872763 PMCID: PMC11166671 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Suvvari
- Rangaraya Medical CollegeKakinadaAndhra PradeshIndia
- Squad Medicine and ResearchVizagAndhra PradeshIndia
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17
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Dupré N, Drieu A, Joutel A. Pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease: a journey through recent discoveries. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172841. [PMID: 38747292 PMCID: PMC11093606 DOI: 10.1172/jci172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of age-related small vessel pathologies that affect multiple regions. Disease manifestations range from lesions incidentally detected on neuroimaging (white matter hyperintensities, small deep infarcts, microbleeds, or enlarged perivascular spaces) to severe disability and cognitive impairment. cSVD accounts for approximately 25% of ischemic strokes and the vast majority of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and is also the most important vascular contributor to dementia. Despite its high prevalence and potentially long therapeutic window, there are still no mechanism-based treatments. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in this field. We summarize recent data highlighting the remarkable continuum between monogenic and multifactorial cSVDs involving NOTCH3, HTRA1, and COL4A1/A2 genes. Taking a vessel-centric view, we discuss possible cause-and-effect relationships between risk factors, structural and functional vessel changes, and disease manifestations, underscoring some major knowledge gaps. Although endothelial dysfunction is rightly considered a central feature of cSVD, the contributions of smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and other perivascular cells warrant continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupré
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Anne Joutel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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18
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Yi F, Gao Y, Liu X, Ying Y, Xie Q, You Y, Zha Q, Luo C, Ni M, Wang Q, Zhu Y. A non-linear relationship between blood pressure and mild cognitive impairment in elderly individuals: A cohort study based on the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS). Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07539-z. [PMID: 38676817 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is an established risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly individuals. Nevertheless, the impact of different levels of blood pressure on the progression of MCI remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the non-linear relationship between blood pressure and MCI in the elderly and detect the critical blood pressure threshold, thus, improving blood pressure management for individuals at high risk of MCI. METHODS Data was obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort. We chose normal cognitive elderly individuals who entered the cohort in 2014 for a 5-year follow-up to observe the progression of MCI. Subsequently, we utilized the Cox regression model to identify risk factors for MCI and conducted a Cox-based restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) model to examine the non-linear relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with MCI, determining the critical blood pressure threshold for MCI progression. RESULTS In the elderly population, female (HR = 1.489, 95% CI: 1.017-2.180), lacking of exercise in the past (HR = 1.714, 95% CI: 1.108-2.653), preferring animal fats (HR = 2.340, 95% CI: 1.348-4.061), increased age (HR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.038-1.084), increased SBP (HR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.024-1.048), and increased DBP (HR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.031-1.081) were associated with MCI progression. After adjusting factors such as gender, exercise, preferred types of fats, and age, both SBP (P non-linear < 0.001) and DBP (P non-linear < 0.001) in elderly individuals exhibited a non-linear association with MCI. The risk of MCI rose when SBP exceeded 135 mmHg and DBP was in the range of 80-88 mmHg. However, when DBP exceeded 88 mmHg, there was a declining trend in MCI progression, although the HR remained above 1. The identified critical blood pressure management threshold for MCI was 135/80 mmHg. CONCLUSION In this study, we discovered that risk factors affecting the progression of MCI in elderly individuals comprise gender (female), preferring to use animal fat, lack of exercise in the past, increased age, increased SBP, and increased DBP. Additionally, a non-linear relationship between blood pressure levels and MCI progression was confirmed, with the critical blood pressure management threshold for MCI onset falling within the prehypertensive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Yi
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Ying
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojin Xie
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - You You
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zha
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjing Luo
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ni
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Health Management Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 19 Tanmulin Street, Zigong, 643000, People's Republic of China.
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Uchikawa H, Uekawa K, Hasegawa Y. Perivascular macrophages in cerebrovascular diseases. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114680. [PMID: 38185314 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are a major cause of stroke and dementia, both requiring long-term care. These diseases involve multiple pathophysiologies, with mitochondrial dysfunction being a crucial contributor to the initiation of inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, resulting in injuries to neurovascular units that include neuronal cell death, endothelial cell death, glial activation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. To maintain brain homeostasis against these pathogenic conditions, brain immune cells, including border-associated macrophages and microglia, play significant roles as brain innate immunity cells in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular injury. Although microglia have long been recognized as significant contributors to neuroinflammation, attention has recently shifted to border-associated macrophages, such as perivascular macrophages (PVMs), which have been studied based on their crucial roles in the brain. These cells are strategically positioned around the walls of brain vessels, where they mainly perform critical functions, such as perivascular drainage, cerebrovascular flexibility, phagocytic activity, antigen presentation, activation of inflammatory responses, and preservation of blood-brain barrier integrity. Although PVMs act as scavenger and surveillant cells under normal conditions, these cells exert harmful effects under pathological conditions. PVMs detect mitochondrial dysfunction in injured cells and implement pathological changes to regulate brain homeostasis. Therefore, PVMs are promising as they play a significant role in mitochondrial dysfunction and, in turn, disrupt the homeostatic condition. Herein, we summarize the significant roles of PVMs in cerebrovascular diseases, especially ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and dementia, mainly in correlation with inflammation. A better understanding of the biology and pathobiology of PVMs may lead to new insights on and therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchikawa
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan.
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20
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Stepanichev MY, Mamedova DI, Gulyaeva NV. Hippocampus under Pressure: Molecular Mechanisms of Development of Cognitive Impairments in SHR Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:711-725. [PMID: 38831507 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Data from clinical trials and animal experiments demonstrate relationship between chronic hypertension and development of cognitive impairments. Here, we review structural and biochemical alterations in the hippocampus of SHR rats with genetic hypertension, which are used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia. In addition to hypertension, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system observed in SHR rats already at an early age may be a key factor of changes in the hippocampus at the structural and molecular levels. Global changes at the body level, such as hypertension and neurohumoral dysfunction, are associated with the development of vascular pathology and impairment of the blood-brain barrier. Changes in multiple biochemical glucocorticoid-dependent processes in the hippocampus, including dysfunction of steroid hormones receptors, impairments of neurotransmitter systems, BDNF deficiency, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are accompanied by the structural alterations, such as cellular signs of neuroinflammation micro- and astrogliosis, impairments of neurogenesis in the subgranular neurogenic zone, and neurodegenerative processes at the level of synapses, axons, and dendrites up to the death of neurons. The consequence of this is dysfunction of hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system necessary for cognitive functions. Taking into account the available results at various levels starting from the body and brain structure (hippocampus) levels to molecular one, we can confirm translational validity of SHR rats for modeling mechanisms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Stepanichev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
| | - Diana I Mamedova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
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21
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Rosell-Díaz M, Fernández-Real JM. Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:210-226. [PMID: 37603460 PMCID: PMC10911951 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function and the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders are among the most serious threats to health in old age. The prevalence of dementia has reached 50 million people worldwide and has become a major public health problem. The causes of age-related cognitive impairment are multiple, complex, and difficult to determine. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to an enhanced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Human studies have shown that patients with T2D exhibit dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Metformin medication mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction and physical activity, such as greater insulin sensitivity and decreased cholesterol levels, and hence may also have a positive impact on aging in humans. According to recent human investigations, metformin might partially restore gut dysbiosis related to T2D. Likewise, some studies showed that metformin reduced the risk of dementia and improved cognition, although not all studies are concordant. Therefore, this review focused on those human studies describing the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome (specifically the changes in taxonomy, function, and circulating metabolomics), the changes in cognitive function, and their possible bidirectional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel Rosell-Díaz
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Carnevale L, Perrotta M, Mastroiacovo F, Perrotta S, Migliaccio A, Fardella V, Pacella J, Fardella S, Pallante F, Carnevale R, Carnevale D, Lembo G. Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Define the Microvascular Injury Driven by Neuroinflammation in the Brain of a Mouse Model of Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:636-647. [PMID: 38174566 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment. METHODS We used the model of transverse aortic constriction to induce chronic pressure overload in mice. We characterized brain injury by advanced translational applications of magnetic resonance imaging. In parallel, we analyzed peripheral target organ damage induced by chronic pressure overload by ultrasonography. Microscopical characterization of brain vasculature was performed as well, together with the analysis of immune and inflammatory markers. RESULTS We identified a specific structural, microstructural, and functional brain injury. In particular, we highlighted a regional enlargement of the hypothalamus, microstructural damage in the white matter of the fimbria, and a reduction of the cerebral blood flow. A parallel analysis performed by confocal microscopy revealed a correspondent tissue damage evidenced by a reduction of cerebral capillary density, paired with loss of pericyte coverage. We assessed cognitive impairment and cardiac damage induced by hypertension to perform correlation analyses with the brain injury severity. At the mechanistic level, we found that CD8+T cells, producing interferon-γ, infiltrated the brain of hypertensive mice. By neutralizing this proinflammatory cytokine, we obtained a rescue of the phenotype, demonstrating their crucial role in establishing the microvascular damage. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have used translational tools to comprehensively characterize brain injury in a mouse model of hypertension induced by chronic pressure overload. We have identified early cerebrovascular damage in hypertensive mice, sustained by CD8+IFN-γ+T lymphocytes, which fuel neuroinflammation to establish the injury of brain capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (M.P., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Francesco Mastroiacovo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Sara Perrotta
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Agnese Migliaccio
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Valentina Fardella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Jacopo Pacella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Stefania Fardella
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Fabio Pallante
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Raimondo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (M.P., D.C., G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (L.C., M.P., F.M., S.P., A.M., V.F., J.P., S.F., F.P., R.C., D.C., G.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (M.P., D.C., G.L.)
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23
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Zhang D, Jia N, Hu Z, Keqing Z, Chenxi S, Chunying S, Chen C, Chen W, Hu Y, Ruan Z. Bioinformatics identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. Exp Gerontol 2024; 187:112374. [PMID: 38320734 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and vascular dementia, as common cerebrovascular diseases, with the former causing irreversible neurological damage and the latter causing cognitive and memory impairment, are closely related and have long received widespread attention. Currently, the potential causative genes of these two diseases have yet to be investigated, and effective early diagnostic tools for the diseases have not yet emerged. In this study, we screened new potential biomarkers and analyzed new therapeutic targets for both diseases from the perspective of immune infiltration. Two gene expression profiles on ischemic stroke and vascular dementia were obtained from the NCBI GEO database, and key genes were identified by LASSO regression and SVM-RFE algorithms, and key genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to the gene expression profile species of the two diseases to quantify the 24 subpopulations of immune cells. Moreover, logistic regression modeling analysis was applied to illustrate the stability of the key genes in the diagnosis. Finally, the key genes were validated using RT-PCR assay. A total of 105 intersecting DEGs genes were obtained in the 2 sets of GEO datasets, and bioinformatics functional analysis of the intersecting DEGs genes showed that GO was mainly involved in the purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process,respiratory chain complex,DNA-binding transcription factor binding and active transmembrane transporter activity. KEGG is mainly involved in the Oxidative phosphorylation, cAMP signaling pathway. The LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm finally obtained three genes, GAS2L1, ARHGEF40 and PFKFB3, and the logistic regression prediction model determined that the three genes, GAS2L1 (AUC: 0.882), ARHGEF40 (AUC: 0.867) and PFKFB3 (AUC: 0.869), had good diagnostic performance. Meanwhile, the two disease core genes and immune infiltration were closely related, GAS2L1 and PFKFB3 had the highest positive correlation with macrophage M1 (p < 0.001) and the highest negative correlation with mast cell activation (p = 0.0017); ARHGEF40 had the highest positive correlation with macrophage M1 and B cells naive (p < 0.001), the highest negative correlation with B cell memory highest correlation (p = 0.0047). RT-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of GAS2L1, ARHGEF40, and PFKFB3 were significantly elevated in the populations of both disease groups (p < 0.05). Immune infiltration-based models can be used to predict the diagnosis of patients with ischemic stroke and vascular dementia and provide a new perspective on the early diagnosis and treatment of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
| | - Ni Jia
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xianyang, China
| | - Zhihan Hu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Keqing
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
| | - Song Chenxi
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
| | - Sun Chunying
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
| | - Canrong Chen
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine First Affiliated Hospital Nanning, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine First Affiliated Hospital Nanning, China.
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Guangxi university of chinese medicine Nanning, China
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24
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Mukli P, Pinto CB, Owens CD, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Szarvas Z, Peterfi A, Langley ACDCP, Hoffmeister J, Racz FS, Perry JW, Tarantini S, Nyúl‐Tóth Á, Sorond FA, Yang Y, James JA, Kirkpatrick AC, Prodan CI, Toth P, Galindo J, Gardner AW, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Impaired Neurovascular Coupling and Increased Functional Connectivity in the Frontal Cortex Predict Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303516. [PMID: 38155460 PMCID: PMC10962492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Impaired cerebrovascular function contributes to the genesis of age-related cognitive decline. In this study, the hypothesis is tested that impairments in neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses and brain network function predict cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Cerebromicrovascular and working memory function of healthy young (n = 21, 33.2±7.0 years) and aged (n = 30, 75.9±6.9 years) participants are assessed. To determine NVC responses and functional connectivity (FC) during a working memory (n-back) paradigm, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes from the frontal cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy are recorded. NVC responses are significantly impaired during the 2-back task in aged participants, while the frontal networks are characterized by higher local and global connection strength, and dynamic FC (p < 0.05). Both impaired NVC and increased FC correlate with age-related decline in accuracy during the 2-back task. These findings suggest that task-related brain states in older adults require stronger functional connections to compensate for the attenuated NVC responses associated with working memory load.
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25
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Zhou J, Liu R, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wang G. Elevated VCAM-1 levels in peripheral blood are associated with brain structural and functional alterations in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:584-590. [PMID: 38065481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a well-known biomarker of endothelial activation. This study aimed to determine whether changes in peripheral VCAM-1 levels occurred in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and explored immune-brain interactions based on neuroimaging. METHODS This study included 165 subjects (80 healthy controls [HCs] and 85 MDD patients). Of them, 133 underwent magnetic resonance imaging. VCAM-1 was measured using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit following the manufacturer's instructions. The gray matter volume (GMV) and surface-based functional connectivity (FC) were calculated based on Schaefer parcellation 400 parcels. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, MDD patients exhibited significantly higher level of VCAM-1. The correlation analysis showed that VCAM-1 had a significant negative correlation with GMV of the right medial frontal cortex (MFC) and postcentral (PostCG). The mediation analyses showed that VCAM-1 mediated the association between group and GMV of PostCG and the FC of left ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) with right inferior parietal lobe (IPL). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a high level of VCAM-1 was associated to the decreased GMV in the right MFC and PostCG, and mediated the FC of the left vPFC with right IPL. These findings suggested that VCAM-1 might contribute to the etiology of MDD by influencing brain structure and function. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design makes it difficult to determine the causal relationship and dynamic effect among VCAM-1, brain structure/function features, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Miao C, Xu X, Huang S, Kong L, He Z, Wang Y, Chen K, Xiao L. The Causality between Gut Microbiota and Hypertension and Hypertension-related Complications: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00026-5. [PMID: 38336261 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted a connection between gut microbiota and hypertension, yet the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This research aims to analyze the causal link between gut microbiota and hypertension, along with associated complications, utilizing two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses, including gut microbiota GWAS data from 24 cohorts, and the latest GWAS data for hypertension-related conditions were acquired. Employing various MR methods, including Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode, we investigated the association between gut microbiota and hypertension-related conditions. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for result stability, and reverse MR analysis assessed the potential for reverse causality. RESULTS The Mendelian randomization analysis involving 199 microbial taxa and four phenotypes identified 46 microbial taxa with potential causal links to hypertension and its complications. Following Bonferroni correction, genus.Victivallis showed a robust causal relationship with hypertension (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 9.82e-5). This suggests an 8% increased risk of hypertension with each unit rise in genus.Victivallis abundance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study establishes a causal connection between gut microbiota and hypertension, along with common associated complications. The findings unveil potential targets and evidence for future hypertension and complication treatment through gut microbiota interventions, offering a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Miao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuoxuan Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kuang Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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27
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Sun J, Dong Y, Wang D, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu M, Wang T, Teng L. The association between inflammation-related biomarkers and the subtypes of cancer-related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients: A latent profile analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 68:102493. [PMID: 38134496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has garnered considerable attention, yet limited research has delved into nuanced distinctions among varying degrees of CRCI in colorectal cancer survivors. This study aimed to identify distinct subgroups based on the patterns of CRCI, assess the heterogeneity among different subgroups, and investigate the potential correlations between the subgroups of CRCI and inflammation-related biomarkers. METHODS 268 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, followed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function. The determination of CRCI subgroups was accomplished by the latent profile analysis (LPA). The effects of inflammation-related biomarkers on CRCI were examined using the binary logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the diagnostic efficacy of inflammation-related biomarkers. RESULTS Two latent profiles were identified: CRCI (n = 64, 23.88%) and non-CRCI (n = 204, 76.12%). Independent factors for CRCI in colorectal cancer patients were SIRI (OR = 3.248, 95%CI [1.197-8.807], P = 0.021) and ALI (OR = 0.962, 95%CI [0.937-0.989], P = 0.005). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for SIRI and ALI in predicting CRCI were 0.781 and 0.774, with the optimal cut-off values being 0.70 and 37.04, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Colorectal cancer patients exhibited divergent cognitive performance profiles, categorized into two subgroups based on LPA. SIRI and ALI were identified as independent factors for CRCI, demonstrating strong diagnostic accuracy. These two inflammation-related biomarkers may potentially be novel indicators to identify and manage the development of CRCI among colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danhui Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Teng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Xing X, Yang X, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Wang S. Multimorbidity, healthy lifestyle, and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38166903 PMCID: PMC10762941 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between multimorbidity and cognitive impairment in Chinese older population is limited. In addition, whether a healthy lifestyle can protect cognitive function in multimorbid older population remains unknown. METHODS A total of 6116 participants aged ≥ 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were followed up repeatedly. The number of coexisting chronic diseases was used for assessing multimorbidity and cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Three lifestyle statuses (unhealthy, intermediate, and healthy) were defined based on a lifestyle score covering smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, outdoor activities, and dietary pattern. Cognitive impairment was defined as the Mini-Mental State Examination score < 24. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to assess the associations between multimorbidity, healthy lifestyle, and cognitive impairment. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 5.8 years, 1621 incident cases of cognitive impairment were identified. The relative risk (RR) of cognitive impairment associated with heavy multimorbidity burden (≥ 3 conditions) was 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.22-1.59). This association declined with age, with RRs being 3.08 (1.78-5.31), 1.40 (1.04-1.87), and 1.19 (1.01-1.40) in subjects aged < 70 years, ≥ 70 and < 80 years, and ≥ 80 years, respectively (P for interaction = 0.001). Compared to unhealthy lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was related to an approximately 40% reduced risk of cognitive impairment regardless of multimorbidity burden. Among the 5 lifestyle factors assessed, daily outdoor activities and a healthy dietary pattern showed convincing protective effects on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive impairment is age-dependent but remains significant in the population aged 80 years or older. A healthy lifestyle may protect cognitive function regardless of the multimorbidity burden. These findings highlight the importance of targeting individuals with heavy multimorbidity burden and promoting a heathy lifestyle to prevent cognitive impairment in Chinese older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinqian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 300134, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Shanghai M-action Health Technology Co., Ltd, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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29
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Ricci F, Martorana A, Bonomi CG, Serafini C, Mercuri NB, Koch G, Motta C. Effect of Vascular Risk Factors on Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum: A Retrospective Observational Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:599-607. [PMID: 38160356 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction could favor the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular risk factors (VRF) could worsen BBB integrity, thus promoting neurode generation. OBJECTIVE To investigate BBB permeability and its relation with VRF along the AD continuum (ADc). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid (A) and p-tau (T) levels were used to stratify patients. METHODS We compared CSF/plasma albumin ratio (QAlb) of 131 AD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC). APOE genotype and VRF were evaluated for each patient. Spearman's Rho correlation was used to investigate the associations between Qalb and CSF AD biomarkers. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between Qalb and AD biomarkers, sex, age, cognitive status, and VRF. RESULTS QAlb levels did not show significant difference between ADc patients and HC (p = 0.984). However, QAlb was significantly higher in A + T-compared to A + T+ (p = 0.021). In ADc, CSF p-tau demonstrated an inverse correlation with QAlb, a finding confirmed in APOE4 carriers (p = 0.002), but not in APOE3. Furthermore, in APOE4 carriers, sex, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were associated with QAlb (p = 0.004, p = 0.038, p = 0.038, respectively), whereas only sex showed an association in APOE3 carriers (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS BBB integrity is preserved in ADc. Among AT categories, A + T-have a more permeable BBB than A + T+. In APOE4 carriers, CSF p-tau levels display an inverse association with BBB permeability, which in turn, seems to be affected by VRF. These data suggest a possible relationship between BBB efficiency, VRF and CSF p-tau levels depending on APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricci
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara G Bonomi
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Serafini
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS SantaLucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Human Physiology Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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30
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Hainsworth AH, Markus HS, Schneider JA. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Hypertension, and Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Hypertension 2024; 81:75-86. [PMID: 38044814 PMCID: PMC10734789 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension-associated cerebral small vessel disease is a common finding in older people. Strongly associated with age and hypertension, small vessel disease is found at autopsy in over 50% of people aged ≥65 years, with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. It is the main cause of lacunar stroke and a major source of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. The brain areas affected are subcortical and periventricular white matter and deep gray nuclei. Neuropathological sequelae are diffuse white matter lesions (seen as white matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging), small ischemic foci (lacunes or microinfarcts), and less commonly, subcortical microhemorrhages. The most common form of cerebral small vessel disease is concentric, fibrotic thickening of small penetrating arteries (up to 300 microns outer diameter) termed arteriolosclerosis. Less common forms are small artery atheroma and lipohyalinosis (the lesions described by C. Miller Fisher adjacent to lacunes). Other microvascular lesions that are not reviewed here include cerebral amyloid angiopathy and venous collagenosis. Here, we review the epidemiology, neuropathology, clinical management, genetics, preclinical models, and pathogenesis of hypertensive small vessel disease. Knowledge gaps include initiating factors, molecular pathogenesis, relationships between arterial pathology and tissue damage, possible reversibility, pharmacological targets, and molecular biomarkers. Progress is anticipated from multicell transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, novel experimental models and further target-finding and interventional clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (A.H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (A.H.H.)
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (H.S.M.)
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Departments of Pathology and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (J.A.S.)
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31
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Gupta S, Singh P, Sharma B. Montelukast Ameliorates 2K1C-Hypertension Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Associated Vascular Dementia. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:23-35. [PMID: 38192137 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021276985231204092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declined kidney function associated with hypertension is a danger for cognitive deficits, dementia, and brain injury. Cognitive decline and vascular dementia (VaD) are serious public health concerns, which highlights the urgent need for study on the risk factors for cognitive decline. Cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptors are concerned with regulating cognition, motivation, inflammatory processes, and neurogenesis. OBJECTIVE This research aims to examine the consequence of montelukast (specific CysLT1 antagonist) in renovascular hypertension 2-kidney-1-clip-2K1C model-triggered VaD in experimental animals. METHODS 2K1C tactics were made to prompt renovascular hypertension in mature male rats. Morris water maze was employed to measure cognition. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum nitrite levels, aortic superoxide content, vascular endothelial activity, brain's oxidative stress (diminished glutathione, raised lipid peroxides), inflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α), cholinergic activity (raised acetylcholinesterase), and cerebral injury (staining of 2, 3, 5- triphenylterazolium chloride) were also examined. RESULTS Montelukast in doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg kg-1 was used intraperitoneally as the treatment drug. Along with cognitive deficits, 2K1C-operated rats showed elevated MAP, endothelial dysfunction, brain oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebral damage with diminished serum nitrite/nitrate. Montelukast therapy significantly and dose-dependently mitigated the 2K1Chypertension- provoked impaired behaviors, biochemistry, endothelial functions, and cerebral infarction. CONCLUSION The 2K1C tactic caused renovascular hypertension and associated VaD, which was mitigated via targeted regulation of CysLT1 receptors by montelukast administration. Therefore, montelukast may be taken into consideration for the evaluation of its complete potential in renovascular-hypertension-induced VaD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Sulfides
- Cyclopropanes
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Male
- Dementia, Vascular/physiopathology
- Dementia, Vascular/drug therapy
- Dementia, Vascular/metabolism
- Dementia, Vascular/psychology
- Leukotriene Antagonists/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Hypertension, Renovascular/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Renovascular/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Renovascular/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Cognition/drug effects
- Rats, Wistar
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Rats
- Maze Learning/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Hu R, Gao L, Chen P, Wei X, Wu X, Xu H. Macroscale neurovascular coupling and functional integration in end-stage renal disease patients with cognitive impairment: A multimodal MRI study. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25277. [PMID: 38284834 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with vascular and neuronal dysfunction, causing neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction, but how NVC dysfunction acts on the mechanism of cognitive impairment in ESRD patients from local to remote is still poorly understood. We recruited 48 ESRD patients and 35 demographically matched healthy controls to scan resting-state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling, then investigated the four types of NVC between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF, regional homogeneity, degree centrality, and cerebral blood perfusion (CBF), and associated functional networks. Our results indicated that ESRD patients showed NVC dysfunction in global gray matter and multiple brain regions due to the mismatch between CBF and neural activity, and associated disrupted functional connectivity (FC) within sensorimotor network (SMN), visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and disrupted FC between them with limbic network (LN), while increased FC between SMN and DMN. Anemia may affect the NVC of middle occipital gyrus and precuneus, and increased pulse pressure may result in disrupted FC with SMN. The NVC dysfunction of the right precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus and the FC between the right angular gyrus and the right anterior cingulate gyrus may reflect cognitive impairment in ESRD patients. Our study confirmed that ESRD patients may exist NVC dysfunction and disrupted functional integration in SMN, VN, DMN, SN and LN, serving as one of the mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Anemia and increased pulse pressure may be related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyue Hu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peina Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Lianyungang No 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Baggeroer CE, Cambronero FE, Savan NA, Jefferson AL, Santisteban MM. Basic Mechanisms of Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline in Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:34-44. [PMID: 37732479 PMCID: PMC10840624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dementia affects almost 50 million adults worldwide, and remains a major cause of death and disability. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for dementia, including Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementias. Although this association is well-established, the mechanisms underlying hypertension-induced cognitive decline remain poorly understood. By exploring the mechanisms mediating the detrimental effects of hypertension on the brain, studies have aimed to provide therapeutic insights and strategies on how to protect the brain from the effects of blood pressure elevation. In this review, we focus on the basic mechanisms contributing to the cerebrovascular adaptions to elevated blood pressure and hypertension-induced microvascular injury. We also assess the cellular mechanisms of neurovascular unit dysfunction, focusing on the premise that cognitive impairment ensues when the dynamic metabolic demands of neurons are not met due to neurovascular uncoupling, and summarize cognitive deficits across various rodent models of hypertension as a resource for investigators. Despite significant advances in antihypertensive therapy, hypertension remains a critical risk factor for cognitive decline, and several questions remain about the development and progression of hypertension-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Baggeroer
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francis E. Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Monica M. Santisteban
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Chum PP, Bishara MA, Solis SR, Behringer EJ. Cerebrovascular miRNAs Track Early Development of Alzheimer's Disease and Target Molecular Markers of Angiogenesis and Blood Flow Regulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S187-S234. [PMID: 37458037 PMCID: PMC10787821 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired cerebral circulation which underscores diminished delivery of blood oxygen and nutrients to and throughout the brain. In the 3xTg-AD mouse model, we have recently found that > 10 cerebrovascular miRNAs pertaining to vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and inflammation (e.g., let-7d, miR-99a, miR-132, miR-133a, miR-151-5p, and miR-181a) track early development of AD. Further, endothelial-specific miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-23a/b, miR-27a) alter with onset of overall AD pathology relative to stability of smooth muscle/pericyte-specific miRNAs (miR-143, miR-145). Objective We tested the hypothesis that cerebrovascular miRNAs indicating AD pathology share mRNA targets that regulate key endothelial cell functions such as angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and blood flow regulation. Methods As detected by NanoString nCounter miRNA Expression panel for 3xTg-AD mice, 61 cerebrovascular miRNAs and respective mRNA targets were examined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for canonical Cardiovascular (Cardio) and Nervous System (Neuro) Signaling. Results The number of targets regulated per miRNA were 21±2 and 33±3 for the Cardio and Neuro pathways respectively, whereby 14±2 targets overlap among pathways. Endothelial miRNAs primarily target members of the PDE, PDGF, SMAD, and VEGF families. Individual candidates regulated by≥4 miRNAs that best mark AD pathology presence in 3xTg-AD mice include CFL2, GRIN2B, PDGFB, SLC6A1, SMAD3, SYT3, and TNFRSF11B. Conclusion miRNAs selective for regulation of endothelial function and respective downstream mRNA targets support a molecular basis for dysregulated cerebral blood flow regulation coupled with enhanced cell growth, proliferation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe P. Chum
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Qi L, Wang F, Sun X, Li H, Zhang K, Li J. Recent advances in tissue repair of the blood-brain barrier after stroke. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241226551. [PMID: 38304736 PMCID: PMC10832427 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241226551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) enables the necessary exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood and is important for the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Ischemic stroke inflicts damage upon the BBB, triggering adverse stroke outcomes such as cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and aggravated neuroinflammation. Therefore, effective repair of the damaged BBB after stroke and neovascularization that allows for the unique selective transfer of substances from the BBB after stroke is necessary and important for the recovery of brain function. This review focuses on four important therapies that have effects of BBB tissue repair after stroke in the last seven years. Most of these new therapies show increased expression of BBB tight-junction proteins, and some show beneficial results in terms of enhanced pericyte coverage at the injured vessels. This review also briefly outlines three effective classes of approaches and their mechanisms for promoting neoangiogenesis following a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujie Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jingan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Reyes Bueno JA, Sánchez-Guijo G, Ráez PD, García-Arnés JA, Garzón-Maldonado FJ, Castro VS, de la Cruz-Cosme C, Alba-Linero C, Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, García-Casares N. Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on the Neuropsychological Profile in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:887-897. [PMID: 38758998 PMCID: PMC11191518 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the main risk factors for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. Most studies have demonstrated a worse performance in executive function, verbal fluency, and information processing speed in patients with diabetes. Objective To assess the cognitive functioning of persons with type 2 diabetes and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI-T2DM) compared to persons with aMCI without diabetes and persons without diabetes or aMCI as controls, to understand the role of diabetes in the neuropsychological profile. Methods Cross-sectional study involving a sample of 83 patients, ranging in age from 61 to 85 years and divided into three groups: aMCI-T2DM (27 patients), aMCI (29 patients), Controls (27 individuals). All the participants undertook an exhaustive neuropsychological assessment (auditory-verbal and visual memory, attention, information processing speed, language, executive function, and depression). Results Both groups of aMCI patients performed significantly worse than the controls in all the neuropsychological tests. A significant linear tendency (p trend < 0.05) was found between groups, with the aMCI-T2DM group presenting worse results in global cognition assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Trail Making Test A and B, Verbal Fluency Test, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusions aMCI patients with or without diabetes showed worse cognitive function compared to persons without diabetes or aMCI. Additionally, aMCI patients without T2DM presented a different cognitive profile than aMCI patients with T2DM, which tended towards presenting worse cognitive functions such as global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Reyes Bueno
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Doblas Ráez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A. García-Arnés
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Garzón-Maldonado
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vicente Serrano Castro
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos de la Cruz-Cosme
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Linero
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBERCV Cardiovascular Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Casares
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Spain
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Shang Y, Wang S, Wei C, Gao Z, Xie H, Wang Z. Effect of blood pressure on mortality in patients with cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1282131. [PMID: 38155982 PMCID: PMC10754517 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1282131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is a prevalent condition that substantially elevates mortality rates among the elderly. The impact of hypertension on mortality in older adults with cognitive impairment is a subject of contention. This study aims to examine the influence of hypertension on both all-cause and CVD-specific mortality in elderly individuals experiencing cognitive impairment within a prospective cohort. Methods This study encompassed 2,925 participants (weighted 53,086,905) aged 60 years or older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011-2014. Incidence of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality was ascertained through linkage with National Death Index records until 31 December 2019. Survival was performed employing the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated via Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Over the follow-up period of up to 9.17 years [with a median (IQR) time to death of 6.58 years], equivalent to 18,731.56 (weighted 3.46 × 108) person-years, there were a total of 576 recorded deaths. Participants with CI exhibited a 1.96-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.55-2.49; p < 0.01) and a 2.8-fold higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (95% CI: 1.83-4.29; p < 0.01) in comparison to participants without CI. Among participants with CI, concurrent hypertension comorbidity was linked to a 2.73-fold elevated risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.78-4.17; p < 0.01) and a 5.3-fold elevated risk of CVD-specific mortality (95% CI: 2.54-11.04; p < 0.01). Further stratified analyses revealed that the combined effects of hypertension and CI on all-cause and CVD-specific mortality were more pronounced in participants aged 60-69 years compared to those aged 70-80 years (p for interaction <0.01). The primary findings exhibited resilience across a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Participants with CI exhibited a markedly elevated risk of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality when coexisting with hypertension. Appropriate management of hypertension in patients with CI may be helpful in reducing the excess risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanChang Shang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - ShuHui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - ZhongBao Gao
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - HengGe Xie
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - ZhenFu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Carnevale D. Role of Inflammatory Processes in the Brain-Body Relationship Underlying Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:455-461. [PMID: 37787865 PMCID: PMC10698121 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Essential hypertension is a huge health problem that significantly impacts worldwide population in terms of morbidity and mortality. Idiopathic in its nature, elevated blood pressure results from a complex interaction between polygenic components and environmental and lifestyle factors. The constant growth in the burden of hypertension is at odds with expectations, considering the availability of therapeutic strategies. Hence, there is an endless need to further investigate the complexity of factors contributing to blood pressure elevation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data indicate that bidirectional interactions between the nervous system and the immune system alter inflammation in the brain and periphery, contributing to chronic hypertension. These findings indicate that the nervous system is both a direct driver of hypertension and also a target of feedback that often elevates blood pressure further. Similarly, the immune system is both target and driver of the blood pressure increases. The contributions of the feedback loops among these systems appear to play an important role in hypertension. Together, recent mechanistic studies strongly suggest that the interactions among the brain, immune system, and inflammation affect the participation of each system in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and thus, all of these systems must be considered in concert to gain a full appreciation of the development and potential treatments of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Wiese LK, Pratt BA, Heinze K, Besser L, Ifill A(A, Williams CL. Community-Based Strategies to Reduce Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Incidence Among Rural, Racially/Ethnically Diverse Older Adults. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2023; 12:205-219. [PMID: 38223294 PMCID: PMC10783445 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-023-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this paper was to address the research question "What recent advances in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) risk reduction strategies can be tailored for rural, racially/ethnically diverse populations?" A rural resident's life story that grounded the work is shared. Next, a brief description is provided regarding ADRD risk factors of importance in rural, multicultural settings. Gaps in U.S.-based research are highlighted. Policy actions and interventions that may make a difference in alleviating rural, ADRD-related disparities are offered. Recent Findings More than a dozen factors, including lack of built environment, periodontitis, poor air quality, and sensory loss, were identified that are of particular relevance to rural groups. Evidence of importance to underserved residents has also emerged regarding the harmful effects of ultra-processed foods on brain health, benefits of even minimal physical activity, and importance of social engagement, on brain health. Summary Resident-led initiatives will be key to creating change at the community level. Health providers are also called to assist in identifying and adapting culturally specific upstream approaches, in partnership with community stakeholders. These mechanisms are vital for decreasing ADRD burdens in underserved communities facing the largest disparities in preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kirk Wiese
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Beth A. Pratt
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Katherine Heinze
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Lilah Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Antoinita (Annie) Ifill
- Palm Health Foundation/Community Partners of South Florida, 491 E. Main Street Suite 5A, Pahokee FL 33476, USA
| | - Christine L. Williams
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
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Ferris HR, Stine NC, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC, Koide M. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Vascular Endothelial Cells Contribute to Functional Hyperemia in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16284. [PMID: 38003472 PMCID: PMC10671586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hyperemia-activity-dependent increases in local blood perfusion-underlies the on-demand delivery of blood to regions of enhanced neuronal activity, a process that is crucial for brain health. Importantly, functional hyperemia deficits have been linked to multiple dementia risk factors, including aging, chronic hypertension, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). We previously reported crippled functional hyperemia in a mouse model of genetic cSVD that was likely caused by depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in capillary endothelial cells (EC) downstream of impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here, using EC-specific EGFR-knockout (KO) mice, we directly examined the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia, assessed by measuring increases in cerebral blood flow in response to contralateral whisker stimulation using laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular characterizations showed that EGFR expression was dramatically decreased in freshly isolated capillaries from EC-EGFR-KO mice, as expected. Notably, whisker stimulation-induced functional hyperemia was significantly impaired in these mice, an effect that was rescued by administration of PIP2, but not by the EGFR ligand, HB-EGF. These data suggest that the deletion of the EGFR specifically in ECs attenuates functional hyperemia, likely via depleting PIP2 and subsequently incapacitating Kir2.1 channel functionality in capillary ECs. Thus, our study underscores the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Ferris
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Nathan C. Stine
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - David C. Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - George C. Wellman
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Masayo Koide
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Behringer EJ. Impact of aging on vascular ion channels: perspectives and knowledge gaps across major organ systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1012-H1038. [PMID: 37624095 PMCID: PMC10908410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00288.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Individuals aged ≥65 yr will comprise ∼20% of the global population by 2030. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the world with age-related endothelial "dysfunction" as a key risk factor. As an organ in and of itself, vascular endothelium courses throughout the mammalian body to coordinate blood flow to all other organs and tissues (e.g., brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, gut, kidney, skin) in accord with metabolic demand. In turn, emerging evidence demonstrates that vascular aging and its comorbidities (e.g., neurodegeneration, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, heart failure, and cancer) are "channelopathies" in large part. With an emphasis on distinct functional traits and common arrangements across major organs systems, the present literature review encompasses regulation of vascular ion channels that underlie blood flow control throughout the body. The regulation of myoendothelial coupling and local versus conducted signaling are discussed with new perspectives for aging and the development of chronic diseases. Although equipped with an awareness of knowledge gaps in the vascular aging field, a section has been included to encompass general feasibility, role of biological sex, and additional conceptual and experimental considerations (e.g., cell regression and proliferation, gene profile analyses). The ultimate goal is for the reader to see and understand major points of deterioration in vascular function while gaining the ability to think of potential mechanistic and therapeutic strategies to sustain organ perfusion and whole body health with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
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Racsa PN, Booth TA, Chung LN, Dixon SW, Poonawalla IB. Association of medication adherence quality measures for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia with cognitive decline. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2667-2675. [PMID: 38186814 PMCID: PMC10771214 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_935_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia each are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, little is known regarding how nonadherence to medications for these conditions is associated with cognitive decline risk. Methods We identified patients enrolled in a Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug plan who were eligible for inclusion in the CMS Star Medication Adherence quality measures for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in 2018, 2019, and 2020. To achieve an adherence quality measure, patients had to meet 80% of the proportion of days for the medication. We used propensity score with inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance outcomes for baseline characteristics and logistic regression models to compare odds of cognitive decline outcomes across patient groups. Results The study population of 99,774 individuals had a mean age of 71.0 years and was 49.1% female, 73.9% White, and 17.8% Black, with 62.0% living in an urban setting. Compared with patients who missed zero adherence measures, those who missed one measure had 23%-33% increased odds of cognitive decline (any decline OR = 1.23; dementia OR = 1.33; Alzheimer's disease OR = 1.27; all P values <0.01). Patients who missed 2-3 measures had 37%-96% increased odds of cognitive decline (any decline OR = 1.37; dementia OR = 1.58; Alzheimer's disease OR = 1.96; all P values <0.01). Patients who missed ≥4 adherence measures had the greatest odds of cognitive decline (any decline OR = 1.64; dementia OR = 2.05; Alzheimer's disease OR = 2.48; all P values <0.01). Conclusion Not achieving CMS Star Medication Adherence quality measures for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia therapies was associated with increased risk of cognitive decline outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N. Racsa
- Affiliated with Humana at the Time of the Work, Humana Healthcare Research, Inc., Humana Inc., 500 W Main Street Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Tori A. Booth
- Humana Pharmacy Solutions, Humana Inc. 500 W Main Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Linda N. Chung
- Humana Pharmacy Solutions, Humana Inc. 500 W Main Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suzanne W. Dixon
- Humana Healthcare Research, Inc., Humana Inc., 500 W Main Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Insiya B. Poonawalla
- Humana Healthcare Research, Inc., Humana Inc., 500 W Main Street Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Hannawi Y. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: a Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9. [PMID: 37864643 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to the age-dependent pathological processes involving the brain small vessels and leading to vascular cognitive impairment, intracerebral hemorrhage, and acute lacunar ischemic stroke. Despite the significant public health burden of cSVD, disease-specific therapeutics remain unavailable due to the incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent advances in neuroimaging acquisition and processing capabilities as well as findings from cSVD animal models have revealed critical roles of several age-dependent processes in cSVD pathogenesis including arterial stiffness, vascular oxidative stress, low-grade systemic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and increased salt intake. These factors interact to cause a state of endothelial cell dysfunction impairing cerebral blood flow regulation and breaking the blood brain barrier. Neuroinflammation follows resulting in neuronal injury and cSVD clinical manifestations. Impairment of the cerebral waste clearance through the glymphatic system is another potential process that has been recently highlighted contributing to the cognitive decline. This review details these mechanisms and attempts to explain their complex interactions. In addition, the relevant knowledge gaps in cSVD mechanistic understanding are identified and a systematic approach to future translational and early phase clinical research is proposed in order to reveal new cSVD mechanisms and develop disease-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Hannawi
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Ave, Graves Hall 3172C, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Ferris HR, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC, Koide M. Epidermal growth factor receptors in vascular endothelial cells contribute to functional hyperemia in the brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557981. [PMID: 37745396 PMCID: PMC10516026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional hyperemia - activity-dependent increases in local blood perfusion - underlies the on-demand delivery of blood to regions of enhanced neuronal activity, a process that is crucial for brain health. Importantly, functional hyperemia deficits have been linked to multiple dementia risk factors, including aging, chronic hypertension, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). We previously reported crippled functional hyperemia in a mouse model of genetic cSVD that was likely caused by depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in capillary endothelial cells (EC) downstream of impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here, using EC-specific EGFR-knockout (KO) mice, we directly examined the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia, assessed by measuring increases in cerebral blood flow in response to contralateral whisker stimulation using laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular characterizations showed that EGFR expression was dramatically decreased in freshly isolated capillaries from EC-EGFR-KO mice, as expected. Notably, whisker stimulation-induced functional hyperemia was significantly impaired in these mice, an effect that was rescued by exogenous administration of PIP2, but not by the EGFR ligand, HB-EGF. These data suggest that the deletion of the EGFR specifically in ECs depletes PIP2 and attenuates functional hyperemia, underscoring the central role of the endothelial EGFR signaling in cerebral blood flow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Ferris
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David C. Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George C. Wellman
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Masayo Koide
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Perrotta M, Carnevale D, Carnevale L. Mouse models of cerebral injury and cognitive impairment in hypertension. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1199612. [PMID: 37539342 PMCID: PMC10394515 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1199612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for dementia, including both vascular and neurodegenerative etiologies. With the original aim of studying the effect of blood pressure elevation on canonical target organs of hypertension as the heart, the vasculature or the kidneys, several experimental models of hypertension have sprouted during the years. With the more recent interest of understanding the cerebral injury burden caused by hypertension, it is worth understanding how the main models of hypertension or localized cerebral hypertension stand in the field of hypertension-induced cerebral injury and cognitive impairment. With this review we will report main genetic, pharmacological and surgical models of cognitive impairment induced by hypertension, summarizing how each specific category and model can improve our understanding of the complex phenomenon of cognitive loss of vascular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli, Italy
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Avvisato R, Forzano I, Varzideh F, Mone P, Santulli G. A machine learning model identifies a functional connectome signature that predicts blood pressure levels: imaging insights from a large population of 35 882 patients. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1458-1460. [PMID: 37093975 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Academic Research Unit, 'Federico II' University, 80100, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
| | - Imma Forzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Academic Research Unit, 'Federico II' University, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Academic Research Unit, 'Federico II' University, 80100, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, 10461, New York, USA
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Hernández-Luna J, Aiello-Mora M, Brito-Aguilar R, Evelson PA, Villarreal-Ríos R, Torres-Jardón R, Ayala A, Mukherjee PS. APOE Peripheral and Brain Impact: APOE4 Carriers Accelerate Their Alzheimer Continuum and Have a High Risk of Suicide in PM 2.5 Polluted Cities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:927. [PMID: 37371506 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This Review emphasizes the impact of APOE4-the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-on peripheral and neural effects starting in childhood. We discuss major mechanistic players associated with the APOE alleles' effects in humans to understand their impact from conception through all life stages and the importance of detrimental, synergistic environmental exposures. APOE4 influences AD pathogenesis, and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manufactured nanoparticles (NPs), and ultrafine particles (UFPs) associated with combustion and friction processes appear to be major contributors to cerebrovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In the context of outdoor and indoor PM pollution burden-as well as Fe, Ti, and Al alloys; Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si UFPs/NPs-in placenta and fetal brain tissues, urban APOE3 and APOE4 carriers are developing AD biological disease hallmarks (hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-tau) and amyloid beta 42 plaques (Aβ42)). Strikingly, for Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) young residents ≤ 40 y, APOE4 carriers have 4.92 times higher suicide odds and 23.6 times higher odds of reaching Braak NFT V stage versus APOE4 non-carriers. The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) framework could serve to test the hypothesis that UFPs and NPs are key players for oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation and misfolding, faulty complex protein quality control, and early damage to cell membranes and organelles of neural and vascular cells. Noninvasive biomarkers indicative of the P-tau and Aβ42 abnormal protein deposits are needed across the disease continuum starting in childhood. Among the 21.8 million MMC residents, we have potentially 4 million APOE4 carriers at accelerated AD progression. These APOE4 individuals are prime candidates for early neuroprotective interventional trials. APOE4 is key in the development of AD evolving from childhood in highly polluted urban centers dominated by anthropogenic and industrial sources of pollution. APOE4 subjects are at higher early risk of AD development, and neuroprotection ought to be implemented. Effective reductions of PM2.5, UFP, and NP emissions from all sources are urgently needed. Alzheimer's Disease prevention ought to be at the core of the public health response and physicians-scientist minority research be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Aiello-Mora
- Otorrinolaryngology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo A Evelson
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina
| | | | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ayala
- Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
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Mone P, Martinelli G, Lucariello A, Leo AL, Marro A, De Gennaro S, Marzocco S, Moriello D, Frullone S, Cobellis L, Santulli G. Extended-release metformin improves cognitive impairment in frail older women with hypertension and diabetes: preliminary results from the LEOPARDESS Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:94. [PMID: 37085892 PMCID: PMC10122301 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have a high risk of frailty independently of age and menopause state. Diabetes and hypertension increase the risk of frailty and cognitive impairment. Metformin has been employed in post-menopausal women and some reports have shown encouraging effects in terms of attenuated frailty. However, the impact on cognitive performance of a recently introduced extended-release formulation of metformin has never been explored. METHODS We studied consecutive frail hypertensive and diabetic older women presenting at the ASL (local health authority of the Italian Ministry of Health) Avellino, Italy, from June 2021 to August 2022, who were treated or not with extended-release metformin. We included a control group of frail older males with diabetes and hypertension treated with extended-release metformin and a control group of frail older women with diabetes and hypertension treated with regular metformin. RESULTS A total of 145 patients successfully completed the study. At the end of the 6-month follow-up, we observed a significantly different cognitive performance compared to baseline in the group of frail women treated with extended-release metformin (p: 0.007). Then, we compared the follow-up groups and we observed significant differences between frail women treated vs. untreated (p: 0.041), between treated frail women and treated frail men (p: 0.016), and between women treated with extended-release metformin vs. women treated with regular metformin (p: 0.048). We confirmed the crucial role of extended-release metformin applying a multivariable logistic analysis to adjust for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS We evidenced, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the favorable effects on cognitive impairment of extended-release metformin in frail women with diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- ASL Avellino, Avellino, Italy.
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Cobellis
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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Wang J, Yu NW, Wang DZ, Guo L, Yang S, Zheng B, Guo FQ, Wang JH. Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Long-Term Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1351-1358. [PMID: 36641681 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional studies have identified a possible link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and dementia. However, the association of H. pylori infection with longitudinal cognitive decline has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE This cohort study aims to demonstrate the effects of H. pylori infection on longitudinal cognitive decline. METHODS This cohort study recruited 268 subjects with memory complaints. Among these subjects, 72 had a history of H. pylori infection, and the rest 196 subjects had no H. pylori infection. These subjects were followed up for 24 months and received cognitive assessment in fixed intervals of 12 months. RESULTS At baseline, H. pylori infected, and uninfected participants had no difference in MMSE scores. At 2 years of follow-up, H. pylori infected participants had lower MMSE scores than uninfected participants. H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of longitudinal cognitive decline, as defined by a decrease of MMSE of 3 points or more during follow-up, adjusting for age, sex, education, APOEɛ4 genotype, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking history (HR: 2.701; 95% CI: 1.392 to 5.242). H. pylori infection was associated with larger cognitive decline during follow-up, adjusting for the above covariates (standardized coefficient: 0.282, p < 0.001). Furthermore, H. pylori infected subjects had significantly higher speed of cognitive decline than uninfected subjects during follow-up, adjusting for the above covariates. CONCLUSION H. pylori infection increases the risk of longitudinal cognitive decline in older subjects with memory complaints. This study is helpful for further understanding the association between infection and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Neng-Wei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duo-Zi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Understanding Cognitive Deficits in People with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020307. [PMID: 36836541 PMCID: PMC9966537 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main cardiovascular diseases that can cause disability and death across the globe. Although previous research explored the links between CHD and cognitive deficits, only a subset of cognitive abilities was analyzed and a small clinical sample size was used. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess how CHD can affect the cognitive domains of episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability in a large cohort of participants from the United Kingdom. Results revealed that episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability are negatively affected by CHD. Prevention and intervention should be developed to preserve cognitive abilities in people with CHD, but more studies should explore specific ways of doing so.
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