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Taguchi S, Azushima K, Yamaji T, Suzuki T, Abe E, Tanaka S, Hirota K, Tsukamoto S, Morita R, Kobayashi R, Kinguchi S, Yamashita A, Wakui H, Tamura K. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein deletion combined with angiotensin II stimulation accelerates the development of diabetic kidney disease in mice on a C57BL/6 strain. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:55-66. [PMID: 37957242 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The progress in the research field of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been disturbed by the lack of reliable animal models. Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) promotes internalization of AT1R and selectively inhibits pathological AT1R signaling. In this study, we investigated whether overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) through a combination of ATRAP deletion with Ang II stimulation developed a progressive DKD model in C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to the development of kidney injury. Eight-week-old male systemic ATRAP-knockout mice on the C57BL/6 strain (KO) and their littermate wild-type mice (Ctrl) were divided into five groups: 1) Ctrl, 2) Ctrl-streptozotocin (STZ), 3) KO-STZ, 4) Ctrl-STZ-Ang II, and 5) KO-STZ-Ang II. Ang II was administered for 6 weeks from 4 weeks after STZ administration. At 10 weeks after STZ administration, mice were euthanized to evaluate kidney injuries. Neither ATRAP deletion alone nor Ang II stimulation alone developed a progressive DKD model in STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. However, a combination of ATRAP deletion with Ang II stimulation accelerated the development of DKD as manifested by overt albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, kidney interstitial fibrosis and functional insufficiency, concomitant with increased angiotensinogen and AT1R expression in the kidneys. In STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice that are resistant to the development of kidney injury, the combination of ATRAP deletion and Ang II stimulation accelerates the development of DKD, which may be associated with intrarenal RAS overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Taguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Abe
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keigo Hirota
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Morita
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
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Tanaka S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Tsukamoto S, Yamaji T, Urate S, Suzuki T, Abe E, Taguchi S, Yamada T, Kobayashi R, Kanaoka T, Kamimura D, Kinguchi S, Takiguchi M, Funakoshi K, Yamashita A, Ishigami T, Tamura K. Effects of a High-Protein Diet on Kidney Injury under Conditions of Non-CKD or CKD in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097778. [PMID: 37175483 PMCID: PMC10177820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of obesity and global aging, the consumption of a high-protein diet (HPD) may be advantageous. However, an HPD aggravates kidney dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the effects of an HPD on kidney function in healthy individuals are controversial. In this study, we employed a remnant kidney mouse model as a CKD model and aimed to evaluate the effects of an HPD on kidney injury under conditions of non-CKD and CKD. Mice were divided into four groups: a sham surgery (sham) + normal diet (ND) group, a sham + HPD group, a 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) + ND group and a 5/6 Nx + HPD group. Blood pressure, kidney function and kidney tissue injury were compared after 12 weeks of diet loading among the four groups. The 5/6 Nx groups displayed blood pressure elevation, kidney function decline, glomerular injury and tubular injury compared with the sham groups. Furthermore, an HPD exacerbated glomerular injury only in the 5/6 Nx group; however, an HPD did not cause kidney injury in the sham group. Clinical application of these results suggests that patients with CKD should follow a protein-restricted diet to prevent the exacerbation of kidney injury, while healthy individuals can maintain an HPD without worrying about the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shingo Urate
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eriko Abe
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinya Taguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masahito Takiguchi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishiharacho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Ruze R, Song J, Yin X, Chen Y, Xu R, Wang C, Zhao Y. Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:139. [PMID: 36964133 PMCID: PMC10039087 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related carcinogenesis has expanded exponentially since these two diseases were recognized as important risk factors for cancers. The growing interest in this area is prominently actuated by the increasing obesity and DM prevalence, which is partially responsible for the slight but constant increase in pancreatic cancer (PC) occurrence. PC is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by its insidious symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and devastating prognosis. The intricate process of obesity and DM promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis involves their local impact on the pancreas and concurrent whole-body systemic changes that are suitable for cancer initiation. The main mechanisms involved in this process include the excessive accumulation of various nutrients and metabolites promoting carcinogenesis directly while also aggravating mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolic disorders by affecting multiple pathways. Detrimental alterations in gastrointestinal and sex hormone levels and microbiome dysfunction further compromise immunometabolic regulation and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for carcinogenesis, which can be exacerbated by several crucial pathophysiological processes and TME components, such as autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosome secretion. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the immunometabolic mechanisms of obesity- and DM-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and dissects how metabolic disorders impair anticancer immunity and influence pathophysiological processes to favor cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100023, Beijing, China.
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5
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Li A, Shi W, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Jiao XY. The gene knockout of angiotensin II type 1a receptor improves high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat via promoting adipose lipolysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267331. [PMID: 35802723 PMCID: PMC9269876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is over-activated and the serum angiotensin II (Ang II) level increased in obese patients, while their correlations were incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the role of Ang II in diet-induced obesity by focusing on adipose lipid anabolism and catabolism. Methods Rat model of AT1aR gene knockout were established to investigate the special role of Ang II on adipose lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and AT1aR gene knockout (AT1aR-/-) SD rats were fed with normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Adipose morphology and adipose lipid synthesis and lipolysis were examined. Results AT1aR deficiency activated lipolysis-related enzymes and increased the levels of NEFAs and glycerol released from adipose tissue in high-fat diet rats, while did not affect triglycerides synthesis. Besides, AT1aR knockout promoted energy expenditure and fatty acids oxidation in adipose tissue. cAMP levels and PKA phosphorylation in the adipose tissue were significantly increased in AT1aR-/- rats fed with high-fat. Activated PKA could promote adipose lipolysis and thus improved adipose histomorphology and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet rats. Conclusions AT1aR deficiency alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet rats by promoting adipose lipolysis probably via cAMP/PKA pathway, and thereby delayed the onset of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhandong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Kagota S, Futokoro R, McGuire JJ, Maruyama-Fumoto K, Shinozuka K. Modulation of Vasomotor Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Renal Artery Depends on Severity of Arterial Dysfunction to Nitric Oxide and Severity of Metabolic Parameters. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070870. [PMID: 35883426 PMCID: PMC9312868 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) enhances vascular relaxation of mesenteric arteries in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SPZF), a metabolic syndrome model. We investigated and compared the effects of PVAT on the renal artery in SPZF with those on SHR/NDmcr-cp rats (CP). Renal arteries with and without PVAT were isolated from 23-week-old SPZF and CP. The effects of PVAT on acetylcholine- and nitroprusside-induced relaxation were examined using bioassays with phenylephrine-contracted arterial rings. Acetylcholine-induced relaxations without PVAT in SPZF and CP were 0.7- and 0.5-times lower in females than in males, respectively. In the presence of PVAT, acetylcholine-induced relaxations increased 1.4- and 2-times in male and female CP, respectively, but did not differ in SPZF. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation with and without PVAT was 0.7-times lower in female than in male SPZF but did not differ in CP. Angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT1R)/AT1R-associated protein mRNA ratios were lower in CP than in the SPZF and negatively correlated with the difference in arterial relaxation with and without PVAT. The effects of renal artery PVAT differed between the SPZF and CP groups. Higher levels of enhanced AT1R activity in SPZF PVAT may drive these differences by impairing the vascular smooth muscle responses to nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
- Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-9944
| | - Risa Futokoro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
| | - John J. McGuire
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Kana Maruyama-Fumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663 8179, Japan; (R.F.); (K.M.-F.); (K.S.)
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7
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ATRAP, a receptor-interacting modulator of kidney physiology, as a novel player in blood pressure and beyond. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:32-39. [PMID: 34642449 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathological activation of kidney angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling stimulates tubular sodium transporters, including epithelial sodium channels, to increase sodium reabsorption and blood pressure. During a search for a means to functionally and selectively modulate AT1R signaling, a molecule directly interacting with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AT1R was identified and named AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap). We showed that ATRAP promotes constitutive AT1R internalization to inhibit pathological AT1R activation in response to certain stimuli. In the kidney, ATRAP is abundantly distributed in epithelial cells along the proximal and distal tubules. Results from genetically engineered mice with modified ATRAP expression show that ATRAP plays a key role in the regulation of renal sodium handling and the modulation of blood pressure in response to pathological stimuli and further suggest that the function of kidney tubule ATRAP may be different between distal tubules and proximal tubules, implying that ATRAP is a target of interest in hypertension.
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8
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Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition on kidney fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23587. [PMID: 34880315 PMCID: PMC8654826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a potent mediator of inflammation and is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effects of TNF-α inhibition on the progression of kidney fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of TNF-α inhibition by etanercept (ETN) on kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice with aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy as a model of kidney fibrosis. C57BL/6 J mice were administered AA for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week remodeling period. The mice exhibited kidney fibrosis, functional decline, and albuminuria concomitant with increases in renal mRNA expression of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes. The 8-week ETN treatment partially but significantly attenuated kidney fibrosis and ameliorated albuminuria without affecting kidney function. These findings were accompanied by significant suppression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and collagen types I and III mRNA expression. Moreover, ETN tended to reduce the AA-induced increase in interstitial TUNEL-positive cells with a significant reduction in Bax mRNA expression. Renal phosphorylated p38 MAPK was significantly upregulated by AA but was normalized by ETN. These findings indicate a substantial role for the TNF-α pathway in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis and suggest that TNF-α inhibition could become an adjunct therapeutic strategy for CKD with fibrosis.
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9
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Urate S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Yamaji T, Suzuki T, Abe E, Tanaka S, Taguchi S, Tsukamoto S, Kinguchi S, Uneda K, Kanaoka T, Atobe Y, Funakoshi K, Yamashita A, Tamura K. Aristolochic Acid Induces Renal Fibrosis and Senescence in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212432. [PMID: 34830314 PMCID: PMC8618437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is one of the most susceptible organs to age-related impairments. Generally, renal aging is accompanied by renal fibrosis, which is the final common pathway of chronic kidney diseases. Aristolochic acid (AA), a nephrotoxic agent, causes AA nephropathy (AAN), which is characterized by progressive renal fibrosis and functional decline. Although renal fibrosis is associated with renal aging, whether AA induces renal aging remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential use of AAN as a model of renal aging. Here, we examined senescence-related factors in AAN models by chronically administering AA to C57BL/6 mice. Compared with controls, the AA group demonstrated aging kidney phenotypes, such as renal atrophy, renal functional decline, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Additionally, AA promoted cellular senescence specifically in the kidneys, and increased renal p16 mRNA expression and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, AA-treated mice exhibited proximal tubular mitochondrial abnormalities, as well as reactive oxygen species accumulation. Klotho, an antiaging gene, was also significantly decreased in the kidneys of AA-treated mice. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that AA alters senescence-related factors, and that renal fibrosis is closely related to renal aging.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/drug effects
- Aging/genetics
- Animals
- Aristolochic Acids/pharmacology
- Collagen/agonists
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Klotho Proteins/genetics
- Klotho Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced
- Nephritis, Interstitial/genetics
- Nephritis, Interstitial/metabolism
- Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/agonists
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- beta-Galactosidase/genetics
- beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Urate
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-787-2635
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Eriko Abe
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Shinya Taguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Shunichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshitoshi Atobe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (S.U.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (E.A.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (K.U.); (T.K.); (K.T.)
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10
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Tsukamoto S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Yamaji T, Urate S, Suzuki T, Abe E, Tanaka S, Taguchi S, Yamada T, Kinguchi S, Kamimura D, Yamashita A, Sano D, Nakano M, Hashimoto T, Tamura K. Tissue-specific expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, in mouse models of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16843. [PMID: 34413390 PMCID: PMC8377123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in organs that are potential targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Previous reports show that ACE2 alter its tissue-specific expression patterns under various pathological conditions, including renal diseases. Here, we examined changes in pulmonary ACE2 expression in two mouse chronic kidney disease (CKD) models: adenine-induced (adenine mice) and aristolochic acid-induced (AA mice). We also investigated changes in pulmonary ACE2 expression due to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker (olmesartan) treatment in these mice. Adenine mice showed significant renal functional decline and elevated blood pressure, compared with controls. AA mice also showed significant renal functional decline, compared with vehicles; blood pressure did not differ between groups. Renal ACE2 expression was significantly reduced in adenine mice and AA mice; pulmonary expression was unaffected. Olmesartan attenuated urinary albumin excretion in adenine mice, but did not affect renal or pulmonary ACE2 expression levels. The results suggest that the risk of COVID-19 infection may not be elevated in patients with CKD because of their stable pulmonary ACE2 expression. Moreover, RAS blockers can be used safely in treatment of COVID-19 patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shingo Urate
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eriko Abe
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinya Taguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hashimoto
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Internal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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11
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Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays important roles in regulating blood pressure and body fluid, which contributes to the pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular/renal diseases. However, accumulating evidence has further revealed the complexity of this signal transduction system, including direct interactions with other receptors and proteins. This review focuses on recent research advances in RAAS with an emphasis on its receptors. RECENT FINDINGS Both systemically and locally produced angiotensin II (Ang II) bind to Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and elicit strong biological functions. Recent studies have shown that Ang II-induced activation of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) elicits the opposite functions to those of AT1R. However, accumulating evidence has now expanded the components of RAAS, including (pro)renin receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1-7, and Mas receptor. In addition, the signal transductions of AT1R and AT2R are regulated by not only Ang II but also its receptor-associated proteins such as AT1R-associated protein and AT2R-interacting protein. Recent studies have indicated that inappropriate activation of local mineralocorticoid receptor contributes to cardiovascular and renal tissue injuries through aldosterone-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Since the mechanisms of RAAS signal transduction still remain to be elucidated, further investigations are necessary to explore novel molecular mechanisms of the RAAS, which will provide alternative therapeutic agents other than existing RAAS blockers.
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13
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Wakui H, Yamaji T, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haruhara K, Nakamura A, Ohki K, Kinguchi S, Kobayashi R, Urate S, Suzuki T, Kamimura D, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Kanaoka T, Matsuo K, Miyazaki T, Fujikawa T, Yamashita A, Tamura K. Effects of Rikkunshito treatment on renal fibrosis/inflammation and body weight reduction in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1782. [PMID: 32024850 PMCID: PMC7002622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses to end-stage renal failure via renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Malnutrition, inflammation, and arteriosclerosis interact to exacerbate the poor prognosis of CKD, and their effective management is thus essential. The traditional Japanese medicine Rikkunshito (RKT) exerts appetite-stimulating effects via ghrelin, which attenuates inflammation and fibrosis. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of RKT in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis/inflammation and body weight loss in mice. UUO and sham-operated mice were fed a standard diet or diet containing 3.0% RKT. Renal fibrosis was investigated by histopathology and macrophage infiltration was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of genes associated with fibrosis, inflammation, ghrelin, and mitochondrial function were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. RKT treatment partially prevented UUO-induced weight loss but failed to attenuate renal fibrosis and inflammation. Renal expression of sirtuin 1, a ghrelin-downstream signalling molecule, and gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 were unaffected by RKT. These results indicate that RKT inhibits weight loss but does not improve renal fibrosis or inflammation in a rapidly progressive renal fibrosis mouse model. RKT may have a protective effect on weight loss associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Urate
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuo
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Center for Health Service Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Tyurin-Kuzmin PA, Kalinina NI, Kulebyakin KY, Balatskiy AV, Sysoeva VY, Tkachuk VA. Angiotensin receptor subtypes regulate adipose tissue renewal and remodelling. FEBS J 2020; 287:1076-1087. [PMID: 31899581 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with high systemic and local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity in adipose tissue. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADSCs), responsible for adipose tissue growth upon high-fat diet, express multiple angiotensin II receptor isoforms, including angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R), Mas and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D. Although AT1 R is expressed on most ADSCs, other angiotensin receptors are co-expressed on a small subpopulation of the cells, a phenomenon that results in a complex response pattern. Following AT1 R activation, the effects are transient due to rapid receptor internalisation. This short-lived effect can be prevented by heteromerisation with AT2 R, a particularly important strategy for the regulation of ADSC differentiation and secretory activity. Heteromeric AT2 R might be especially important for the generation of thermogenic beige adipocytes. This review summarises current data regarding the regulation of adipose tissue renewal and particularly ADSC adipogenic differentiation and secretory activity by RAS, with an emphasis on AT2 R and its effects. We reveal a new scheme that implicates AT2 R into the regulation of ADSC hormonal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyotr A Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Natalia I Kalinina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Konstantin Y Kulebyakin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Alexander V Balatskiy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.,Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Medical Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.,National Medical Research Centre in Cardiology, Russia
| | - Veronika Y Sysoeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.,National Medical Research Centre in Cardiology, Russia
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15
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Zeng H, Li H, Zhao Y, Chen L, Ma X. Transcripto‐based network analysis reveals a model of gene activation in tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2019; 41:4098-4110. [PMID: 31589000 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
- Department of OncologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hui Li
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- West China School of MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- West China School of MedicineWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Depatment of Biotherapy, Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
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16
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White MC, Fleeman R, Arnold AC. Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 31262355 PMCID: PMC6604144 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in experimental animal models and clinical populations. While having higher adiposity and obesity prevalence, females are generally protected from obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This protection is, at least in part, attributed to sex differences in metabolic effects of hormonal mediators such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS and shown that, in contrast to male rodent models of obesity and diabetes, females are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular derangements produced by angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II. A vasodilator arm of the RAS has more recently emerged which includes angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mas receptors, and alamandine. While accumulating evidence suggests that activation of components of this counter-regulatory axis produces positive effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and energy balance in male animal models, female comparison studies and clinical data related to metabolic outcomes are lacking. This review will summarize current knowledge of sex differences in metabolic effects of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fleeman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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17
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Effects of rikkunshito on renal fibrosis and inflammation in angiotensin II-infused mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6201. [PMID: 30996242 PMCID: PMC6470237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease involves an activated renin-angiotensin system and systemic inflammation which ultimately develop renal injury. Rikkunshito (RKT) has been reported to exert anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects through enhancement of ghrelin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of RKT on renal fibrosis and inflammation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury model. Ang II-infused mice exhibited hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, moderate albuminuria and renal pathological changes such as mild urinary cast, interstitial macrophage infiltration and modest interstitial fibrosis. RKT had no evident effects on the Ang II-induced renal functional insufficiency and fibrosis, but attenuated renal interstitial macrophage infiltration. In addition, RKT significantly restored the Ang II-induced alteration in the expression of renal fibrosis- and inflammation-related genes such as type 3 collagen, transforming growth factor-β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6. Furthermore, although RKT did not affect the expression of renal ghrelin receptor, an Ang II-induced decrease in renal sirtuin 1 expression, a critical down-stream pathway of the ghrelin receptor, was restored by RKT. These findings suggest that RKT potentially has a renal anti-inflammatory effect in the development of renal injury, and this effect could be mediated by the ghrelin signaling pathway.
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18
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Kinguchi S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Haruhara K, Koguchi T, Ohki K, Uneda K, Matsuda M, Haku S, Yamaji T, Yamada T, Kobayashi R, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Yamashita A, Fujikawa T, Tamura K. Effects of ATRAP in Renal Proximal Tubules on Angiotensin-Dependent Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012395. [PMID: 30977419 PMCID: PMC6507205 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that ATRAP (angiotensin II receptor-associated protein; Agtrap) interacts with AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) and promotes constitutive internalization of AT 1R so as to inhibit hyperactivation of its downstream signaling. In response to angiotensin II , systemic ATRAP deficiency exacerbates angiotensin II -mediated hypertension via hyperactivation of renal tubular AT 1R. Although ATRAP expression is abundant in renal proximal tubules, little is known about the actual function of renal proximal tubule ATRAP in angiotensin-mediated hypertension. Methods and Results In this study, we examined the in vivo functional role of renal proximal tubule ATRAP in angiotensin-dependent hypertension. We succeeded in generating proximal tubule-specific ATRAP knockout ( PT - KO ) mice for the first time using the Cre/loxP system with Pepck-Cre. Detailed analysis of renal ATRAP expression in PT - KO mice estimated by immunohistochemical and laser-capture microdissection analysis revealed that ATRAP mRNA expression decreased by ≈80% in proximal regions of the nephron in PT - KO mice compared with wild-type ( WT ) mice. We compared blood pressure of PT - KO and WT mice using both tail-cuff and radiotelemetric methods. Blood pressure of PT - KO mice was comparable with that of WT mice at baseline. Moreover, no significant differences were noted in pressor response to angiotensin II (600 ng/kg per min or 1000 ng/kg per minute) infusion between PT - KO and WT mice. In addition, angiotensin II -mediated cardiac hypertrophy was identical between PT - KO and WT mice. Conclusions ATRAP deficiency in proximal tubules did not exacerbate angiotensin-dependent hypertension in vivo. The results indicate that renal proximal tubule ATRAP has a minor role in angiotensin-dependent hypertension in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kinguchi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan.,2 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- 4 Center for Health Service Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- 1 Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
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19
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Barbosa MA, de Sousa GG, de Castro UGM, Carneiro CM, Figueiredo VP, Guerra de Sá R, Santos RASD, Alzamora AC. Oral Ang-(1-7) treatment improves white adipose tissue remodeling and hypertension in rats with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2019; 67-68S:100004. [PMID: 34332714 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutx.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) has preventive effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral Ang-(1-7) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), insulin resistance (IR), inflammatory process, and remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats with established MetS. METHODS Rats were subjected to control (CT; AIN-93M) or high-fat (HF) diets for 13 wk to induce MetS and treated with Ang-(1-7) or vehicle (V) for the last 6 wk. At the end of 13 wk, MAP, biochemical and histological parameters, and uncoupling protein (UCP) and inflammatory gene expression were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HF-V rats showed increased visceral fat deposition, inflammatory cytokine expression, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy in retroperitoneal (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Additionally, the gastrocnemius muscle reduced UCP-3 and increased the UCP-1 expression in BAT. HF-V also elevated levels of plasma insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of IR and HOMA-β, and increased body mass, adiposity, and MAP. Ang-(1-7) treatment in rats with MetS [HF-Ang-(1-7)] reduced WAT area, number of adipocytes, and expression of proinflammatory adipokines in WAT and BAT and increased UCP-3 in gastrocnemius muscle and UCP-1 expression in BAT compared with the HF-V group. These events prevented body mass gain, reduced adiposity, and normalized fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and MAP. CONCLUSION Data from the present study demonstrated that oral Ang-(1-7) treatment is effective in restoring biochemical parameters and hypertension in established MetS by improving hypertrophy and hyperplasia in WAT and inflammation in adipose tissue, and regulating metabolic processes in the gastrocnemius muscle and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andréa Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Guerra de Sá
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
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Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl⁻l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010106. [PMID: 30597883 PMCID: PMC6337496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can regulate vascular tone. In mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SHRSP.ZF) with metabolic syndrome, vascular dysfunction is compensated by PVAT-dependent mechanisms that disappear with increasing age. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the age-related changes and responsible factor(s) involved in the enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF. Acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations of isolated arteries were greater with PVAT than without PVAT at 17 and 20 weeks of age (wks), and as expected, this enhancement by the presence of PVAT disappeared at 23 wks. PVAT mRNA levels of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-associated protein was less and AT1 receptor was unchanged at 23 wks when compared to 20 wks. At 20 wks, the enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation by the presence of PVAT was inhibited by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation of arteries without PVAT was increased in the presence of exogenously added apelin. PVAT mRNA level of apelin was higher in SHRSP.ZF than in control Wistar-Kyoto rats, and the level was decreased with aging. These results suggest that AT1 receptor activation in PVAT, and changes in the regulation of apelin and a NAC-sensitive factor are related to the age-dependent deterioration of the vasodilation enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF.
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Early Enhanced Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein-1 Expression in Glomerular Endothelial Cells of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Model Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2817045. [PMID: 30515388 PMCID: PMC6236974 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2817045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis plays a major role in the development of early stage diabetic nephropathy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a classical proangiogenic factor that regulates abnormal glomerular angiogenesis linked to glomerular hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) was recently reported as a novel proangiogenic factor that is expressed in endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis by modulating the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. However, the pathophysiology of LRG1 in diabetic nephropathy remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated intrarenal expression of the novel proangiogenic factor LRG1 in diabetic db/db mice by immunohistochemistry and a laser capture microdissection method during the development of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesized that glomerular LRG1 expression is increased earlier than VEGF expression under conditions of pathological angiogenesis in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we compared glomerular expression of VEGF and LRG1 in diabetic db/db mice at 16 and 24 weeks of age. At 16 weeks, diabetic db/db mice exhibited glomerular hypertrophy with abnormal angiogenesis characterized by endothelial cell proliferation, which was concomitant with an increase in LRG1 expression of glomerular endothelial cells. However, glomerular VEGF expression was not increased at this early stage. At 24 weeks, the features of early diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice had developed further, along with further enhanced glomerular LRG1 expression. At this late stage, glomerular VEGF and fibrosis-related-gene expression was also significantly increased compared with nondiabetic db/m mice. These results suggest that LRG1 plays a pivotal role in the initial development of diabetic nephropathy by promoting abnormal angiogenesis, thereby suggesting that LRG1 is a potential preemptive therapeutic target of diabetic nephropathy.
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22
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Pancreatic Cancer and Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Transformation and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113331. [PMID: 30366466 PMCID: PMC6274743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and obesity are the two major epidemics of the 21st century. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of death, with a five-year overall survival rate of only 8%. Its incidence and mortality have increased in recent years, and this cancer type is expected to be among the top five leading causes of cancer-related death by 2030 in the United States (US). In the last three decades, the prevalence of overweight people has boosted with a consequent increase in obesity-related diseases. Considerable epidemiologic evidence correlates overweight and obese conditions to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including PDAC. Besides being a risk factor for multiple metabolic disorders, the tumor-promoting effects of obesity occur at the local level via inflammatory mediators that are associated with adipose inflammation and metabolic or hormones mediators and microbiota dysbiosis. Although an excess of body mass index (BMI) represents the second most modifiable risk factor for PDAC with an increased cancer related-death of more than 20–40%, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie this strong association. In this review, we focused on the role of obesity as a preventable risk factor of PDAC, discussing the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, we highlighted the role of obesity in defining chemoresistance, showing how a high BMI can actually reduce response to chemotherapy.
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Zhang Y, Somers KR, Becari C, Polonis K, Pfeifer MA, Allen AM, Kellogg TA, Covassin N, Singh P. Comparative Expression of Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Proteins in Visceral Versus Subcutaneous Fat. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1370. [PMID: 30364113 PMCID: PMC6191467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution contributes to obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Visceral fat is more detrimental than subcutaneous fat. However, the mechanisms underlying visceral fat-mediated cardiometabolic dysregulation are not completely understood. Localized increases in expression of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in adipose tissue (AT) may be implicated. We therefore investigated mRNA and protein expression of RAS components in visceral versus subcutaneous AT using paired samples from individuals undergoing surgery (N = 20, body mass index: 45.6 ± 6.2 kg/m2, and age: 44.6 ± 9.1 years). We also examined RAS-related proteins in AT obtained from individuals on renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) targeted drugs (N = 10, body mass index: 47.2 ± 9.3 kg/m2, and age: 53.3 ± 10.1 years). Comparison of protein expression between subcutaneous and visceral AT samples showed an increase in renin (p = 0.004) and no change in angiotensinogen (p = 0.987) expression in visceral AT. Among proteins involved in angiotensin peptide generation, angiotensin converting enzyme (p = 0.02) was increased in subcutaneous AT while chymase (p = 0.001) and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (p = 0.001) were elevated in visceral fat. Furthermore, visceral fat expression of angiotensin II type-2 receptor (p = 0.007) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (p = 0.031) was higher, and MAS receptor (p < 0.001) was lower. Phosphorylated-p53 (p = 0.147), AT fibrosis (p = 0.138) and average adipocyte size (p = 0.846) were similar in the two depots. Nonetheless, visceral AT showed increased mRNA expression of inflammatory (TNFα, p < 0.001; IL-6, p = 0.001) and oxidative stress markers (NOX2, p = 0.038; NOX4, p < 0.001). Of note, mRNA and protein expression of RAS components did not differ between subjects taking or not taking RAAS related drugs. In summary, several RAS related proteins are differentially expressed in subcutaneous versus visceral AT. This differential expression may not alter AngII but likely increases Ang1-7 generation in visceral fat. These potential differences in active angiotensin peptides and receptor expression in the two depots suggest that localized RAS may not be involved in differences in visceral vs subcutaneous AT function in obese individuals. Our findings do not support a role for localized RAS differences in visceral fat-mediated development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kiran R Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christiane Becari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Katarzyna Polonis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michaela A Pfeifer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alina M Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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24
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Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
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Ohki K, Wakui H, Kishio N, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Yamaji T, Yamada T, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Imajo K, Nakajima A, Kato I, Ohashi K, Tamura K. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-associated Protein Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Insulin Resistance with Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2846. [PMID: 29434287 PMCID: PMC5809432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of AT1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) in adipose tissue improves high fat diet (HFD)-induced visceral obesity and insulin resistance, and suppresses adipose oxidative stress. However, HFD loading is not a direct stimulatory factor for AT1 receptor. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic, low-dose angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and functional role of ATRAP. ATRAP expression was higher in adipose tissue (5–10-fold) and skeletal muscle tissue (approximately 1.6-fold) in ATRAP transgenic (TG) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. After Ang II infusion, insulin sensitivity was impaired in WT mice, but this response was suppressed in TG mice. Unexpectedly, Ang II infusion did not affect the adipose tissue profile in WT or TG mice. However, in skeletal muscle tissue, Ang II stimulus caused an increase in oxidative stress and activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in a decrease in glucose transporter type 4 expression in WT mice. These responses were suppressed in TG mice. Our study suggests that Ang II-induced insulin resistance is suppressed by increased ATRAP expression in skeletal muscle tissue. Hyperactivity of AT1 receptor could be related to formation of insulin resistance related to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Kishio
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Zhu Q, Scherer PE. Immunologic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue: implications for kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 14:105-120. [PMID: 29199276 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excess adiposity can induce adverse sequelae in multiple cell types and organ systems. The transition from the lean to the obese state is characterized by fundamental cellular changes at the level of the adipocyte. These changes affect the local microenvironment within the respective adipose tissue but can also affect nonadipose systems. Adipocytes within fat pads respond to chronic nutrient excess through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, which can differentially affect interorgan crosstalk between various adipose depots and other organs. This crosstalk is dependent on the unique ability of the adipocyte to coordinate metabolic adjustments throughout the body and to integrate responses to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These actions occur through the release of free fatty acids and metabolites during times of energy need - a process that is altered in the obese state. In addition, adipocytes release a wide array of signalling molecules, such as sphingolipids, as well as inflammatory and hormonal factors (adipokines) that are critical for interorgan crosstalk. The interactions of adipose tissue with the kidney - referred to as the adipo-renal axis - are important for normal kidney function as well as the response of the kidney to injury. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis of this interorgan crosstalk, which clearly has great therapeutic potential given the increasing rates of chronic kidney disease secondary to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549, USA.,Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549, USA
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Bundalo M, Djordjevic A, Bursac B, Zivkovic M, Koricanac G, Stanković A. Fructose-rich diet differently affects angiotensin II receptor content in the nucleus and a plasma membrane fraction of visceral adipose tissue. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1254-1263. [PMID: 28772089 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is proposed to be a pathophysiological link between adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet (FRD). RAS can act intracellularly. We hypothesized that adipocyte nuclear membranes possess angiotensin receptor types 1 and 2 (AT1R and AT2R), which couple to nuclear signaling pathways and regulate oxidative gene expression under FRD conditions. We analyzed the effect of consumption of 10% fructose solution for 9 weeks on biochemical parameters, adipocyte morphology, and expression of AT1R, AT2R, AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in adipose tissue of Wistar rats. We detected AT1R and AT2R in the nuclear fraction. FRD reduced the level of angiotensin receptors in the nucleus, while increased AT1R and decreased AT2R levels were observed in the plasma membrane. FRD increased the ATRAP mRNA level and decreased MnSOD mRNA and protein levels. No significant differences were observed for MMP-9 and NOX4 mRNA levels. These findings coincided with hyperleptinemia, elevated blood pressure and triglycerides, and unchanged visceral adipose tissue mass and morphology in FRD rats. Besides providing evidence for nuclear localization of angiotensin receptors in visceral adipose tissue, this study demonstrates the different effects of FRD on AT1R expression in different cellular compartments. Elevated blood pressure and decreased antioxidant capacity in visceral fat of fructose-fed rats were accompanied by an increased AT1R level in the plasma membrane, while upregulation of ATRAP and a decrease of nuclear membrane AT1R suggest an increased capacity for attenuation of excessive AT1R signaling and visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bundalo
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursac
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- c Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stanković
- a Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Uneda K, Wakui H, Maeda A, Azushima K, Kobayashi R, Haku S, Ohki K, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Matsuda M, Ohsawa M, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Atobe Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S, Tamura K. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Associated Protein Regulates Kidney Aging and Lifespan Independent of Angiotensin. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006120. [PMID: 28751545 PMCID: PMC5586453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The kidney is easily affected by aging‐associated changes, including glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Particularly, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a final common pathway in most forms of progressive renal disease. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)‐associated protein (ATRAP), which was originally identified as a molecule that binds to AT1R, is highly expressed in the kidney. Previously, we have shown that ATRAP suppresses hyperactivation of AT1R signaling, but does not affect physiological AT1R signaling. Methods and Results We hypothesized that ATRAP has a novel functional role in the physiological age‐degenerative process, independent of modulation of AT1R signaling. ATRAP‐knockout mice were used to study the functional involvement of ATRAP in the aging. ATRAP‐knockout mice exhibit a normal age‐associated appearance without any evident alterations in physiological parameters, including blood pressure and cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes. However, in ATRAP‐knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice, the following takes place: (1) age‐associated renal function decline and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are more enhanced; (2) renal tubular mitochondrial abnormalities and subsequent increases in the production of reactive oxygen species are more advanced; and (3) life span is 18.4% shorter (median life span, 100.4 versus 123.1 weeks). As a key mechanism, age‐related pathological changes in the kidney of ATRAP‐knockout mice correlated with decreased expression of the prosurvival gene, Sirtuin1. On the other hand, chronic angiotensin II infusion did not affect renal sirtuin1 expression in wild‐type mice. Conclusions These results indicate that ATRAP plays an important role in inhibiting kidney aging, possibly through sirtuin1‐mediated mechanism independent of blocking AT1R signaling, and further protecting normal life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Atobe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Ohki K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Matsuda M, Ohsawa M, Maeda A, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S, Tamura K. ATRAP Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue Does Not Influence the Development of Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030676. [PMID: 28335584 PMCID: PMC5372686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mainly mediated by an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R), plays an important role in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We have shown that AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), a specific binding protein of AT1R, functions as an endogenous inhibitor to prevent excessive activation of tissue RAS. In the present study, we newly generated ATRAP/Agtrap-floxed (ATRAPfl/fl) mice and adipose tissue-specific ATRAP downregulated (ATRAPadipoq) mice by the Cre/loxP system using Adipoq-Cre. Using these mice, we examined the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Compared with ATRAPfl/fl mice, ATRAPadipoq mice exhibited a decreased ATRAP expression in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) by approximately 30% and 85%, respectively. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, ATRAPfl/fl mice showed decreased endogenous ATRAP expression in WAT that was equivalent to ATRAPadipoq mice, and there was no difference in the exacerbation of dietary obesity and glucose and lipid metabolism. These results indicate that ATRAP in BAT does not influence the pathogenesis of dietary obesity or metabolic disorders. Future studies that modulate ATRAP in WAT are necessary to assess its in vivo functions in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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