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Li G, Huang H, Wu Y, Shu C, Hwang N, Li Q, Zhao R, Lam HC, Oldham WM, Ei-Chemaly S, Agrawal PB, Tian J, Liu X, Perrella MA. Striated preferentially expressed gene deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in developing cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:151-168. [PMID: 38145999 PMCID: PMC10837246 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, results in abnormal myofibril structure and function of immature cardiomyocytes (CMs), corresponding with a dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and perinatal death. Mitochondrial development plays a role in cardiomyocyte maturation. Therefore, this study investigated whether Speg deficiency ( - / - ) in CMs would result in mitochondrial abnormalities. Speg wild-type and Speg-/- C57BL/6 littermate mice were utilized for assessment of mitochondrial structure by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Speg was expressed in the first and second heart fields at embryonic (E) day 7.5, prior to the expression of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) at E8.5. Decreases in NCLX expression (E11.5) and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (E13.5) were observed in Speg-/- hearts. Imaging of E18.5 Speg-/- hearts revealed abnormal mitochondrial cristae, corresponding with decreased ATP production in cells fed glucose or palmitate, increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, phosphorylated (p) PGC-1α, a key mediator of mitochondrial development, was significantly reduced in Speg-/- hearts during screening for targeted genes. Besides Z-line expression, Speg partially co-localized with PGC-1α in the sarcomeric region and was found in the same complex by co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of a Speg internal serine/threonine kinase domain in Speg-/- CMs promoted translocation of pPGC-1α into the nucleus, and restored ATP production that was abolished by siRNA-mediated silencing of PGC-1α. Our results demonstrate a critical role of Speg in mitochondrial development and energy metabolism in CMs, mediated in part by phosphorylation of PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rose Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil Ei-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Bobori SN, Zhu Y, Saarinen A, Liuzzo AJ, Folmes CDL. Metabolic Remodeling during Early Cardiac Lineage Specification of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 37887411 PMCID: PMC10608731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that metabolites and energy metabolism play an active rather than consequential role in regulating cellular fate. Cardiac development requires dramatic metabolic remodeling from relying primarily on glycolysis in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to oxidizing a wide array of energy substrates to match the high bioenergetic demands of continuous contraction in the developed heart. However, a detailed analysis of how remodeling of energy metabolism contributes to human cardiac development is lacking. Using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring metabolomics of central carbon metabolism, we evaluated temporal changes in energy metabolism during human PSC 3D cardiac lineage specification. Significant metabolic remodeling occurs during the complete differentiation, yet temporal analysis revealed that most changes occur during transitions from pluripotency to mesoderm (day 1) and mesoderm to early cardiac (day 5), with limited maturation of cardiac metabolism beyond day 5. Real-time metabolic analysis demonstrated that while hPSC cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) showed elevated rates of oxidative metabolism compared to PSCs, they still retained high glycolytic rates, confirming an immature metabolic phenotype. These observations support the opportunity to metabolically optimize the differentiation process to support lineage specification and maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clifford D. L. Folmes
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (S.N.B.)
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3
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Kaw A, Wu T, Starosolski Z, Zhou Z, Pedroza AJ, Majumder S, Duan X, Kaw K, Pinelo JEE, Fischbein MP, Lorenzi PL, Tan L, Martinez SA, Mahmud I, Devkota L, Taegtmeyer H, Ghaghada KB, Marrelli SP, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Augmenting Mitochondrial Respiration in Immature Smooth Muscle Cells with an ACTA2 Pathogenic Variant Mitigates Moyamoya-like Cerebrovascular Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3304679. [PMID: 37886459 PMCID: PMC10602100 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304679/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
ACTA2 pathogenic variants altering arginine 179 cause childhood-onset strokes due to moyamoya disease (MMD)-like occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries. A smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific knock-in mouse model (Acta2SMC-R179C/+) inserted the mutation into 67% of aortic SMCs, whereas explanted SMCs were uniformly heterozygous. Acta2R179C/+ SMCs fail to fully differentiate and maintain stem cell-like features, including high glycolytic flux, and increasing oxidative respiration (OXPHOS) with nicotinamide riboside (NR) drives the mutant SMCs to differentiate and decreases migration. Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice have intraluminal MMD-like occlusive lesions and strokes after carotid artery injury, whereas the similarly treated WT mice have no strokes and patent lumens. Treatment with NR prior to the carotid artery injury attenuates the strokes, MMD-like lumen occlusions, and aberrant vascular remodeling in the Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice. These data highlight the role of immature SMCs in MMD-associated occlusive disease and demonstrate that altering SMC metabolism to drive quiescence of Acta2R179C/+ SMCs attenuates strokes and aberrant vascular remodeling in the Acta2SMC-R179C/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Starosolski
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyan Duan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaveeta Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose E. E. Pinelo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael P. Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara A. Martinez
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laxman Devkota
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean P. Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Bernardi P, Gerle C, Halestrap AP, Jonas EA, Karch J, Mnatsakanyan N, Pavlov E, Sheu SS, Soukas AA. Identity, structure, and function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: controversies, consensus, recent advances, and future directions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1869-1885. [PMID: 37460667 PMCID: PMC10406888 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that allows diffusion of molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size. It is mediated by a non-selective channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Sustained mPTP opening causes mitochondrial swelling, which ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane leading to subsequent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and is implicated in a range of pathologies. However, transient mPTP opening at various sub-conductance states may contribute several physiological roles such as alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and rapid Ca2+ efflux. Since its discovery decades ago, intensive efforts have been made to identify the exact pore-forming structure of the mPT. Both the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and, more recently, the mitochondrial F1FO (F)-ATP synthase dimers, monomers or c-subunit ring alone have been implicated. Here we share the insights of several key investigators with different perspectives who have pioneered mPT research. We critically assess proposed models for the molecular identity of the mPTP and the mechanisms underlying its opposing roles in the life and death of cells. We provide in-depth insights into current controversies, seeking to achieve a degree of consensus that will stimulate future innovative research into the nature and role of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Laboratory of Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Behera R, Sharma V, Grewal AK, Kumar A, Arora B, Najda A, Albadrani GM, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM, Singh TG. Mechanistic correlation between mitochondrial permeability transition pores and mitochondrial ATP dependent potassium channels in ischemia reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114599. [PMID: 37004326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the fundamental causes of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. I/R refers to the paradoxical progression of cellular dysfunction and death that occurs when blood flow is restored to previously ischemic tissues. I/R causes a significant rise in mitochondrial permeability resulting in the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP). The MPTP are broad, nonspecific channels present in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and are known to mediate the deadly permeability alterations that trigger mitochondrial driven cell death. Protection from reperfusion injury occurs when long-term ischemia is accompanied by short-term ischemic episodes or inhibition of MPTP from opening via mitochondrial ATP dependent potassium (mitoKATP) channels. These channels located in the IMM, play an essential role in ischemia preconditioning (PC) and protect against cell death by blocking MPTP opening. This review primarily focuses on the interaction between the MPTP and mitoKATP along with their role in the I/R injury. This article also describes the molecular composition of the MPTP and mitoKATP in order to promote future knowledge and treatment of diverse I/R injuries in various organs.
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6
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Lin D, Yan K, Chen L, Chen J, Xu J, Xie Z, Li Z, Lin S, Li J, Chen Z. Hypoxia-induced reprogramming of glucose-dependent metabolic pathways maintains the stemness of human bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8776. [PMID: 37258701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of hypoxia for maintaining the stemness of cultured human bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM EPCs) have previously been demonstrated but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Growing evidences suggest that cellular metabolism plays an important role in regulating stem cell fate and self-renewal. Here we aimed to detect the changes of glucose metabolism and to explore its role on maintaining the stemness of BM EPCs under hypoxia. We identified the metabolic status of BM EPCs by using extracellular flux analysis, LC-MS/MS, and 13C tracing HPLC-QE-MS, and found that hypoxia induced glucose metabolic reprogramming, which manifested as increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and mitochondrial respiration. We further pharmacologically altered the metabolic status of cells by employing various of inhibitors of key enzymes of glycolysis, PPP, TCA cycle and mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC). We found that inhibiting glycolysis or PPP impaired cell proliferation either under normoxia or hypoxia. On the contrary, inhibiting pyruvate oxidation, TCA or ETC promoted cell proliferation under normoxia mimicking hypoxic conditions. Moreover, promoting pyruvate oxidation reverses the maintenance effect of hypoxia on cell stemness. Taken together, our data suggest that hypoxia induced glucose metabolic reprogramming maintains the stemness of BM EPCs, and artificial manipulation of cell metabolism can be an effective way for regulating the stemness of BM EPCs, thereby improving the efficiency of cell expansion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Lin
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Gongye RD, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Kaihao Yan
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Gongye RD, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Gongye RD, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zijing Xie
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Gongye RD, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jinghuan Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhenzhou Chen
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Gongye RD, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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7
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Yao Y, Tao J, Lyu J, Chen C, Huang Y, Zhou Z. Enhance Mitochondrial Damage by Nuclear Export Inhibition to Suppress Tumor Growth and Metastasis with Increased Antitumor Properties of Macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20774-20787. [PMID: 37079389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting damage has become a popular therapeutic option for tumor metastasis; however, its efficacy is limited by the adaptive rescue capacity of nuclei. There is an urgent need for a dual mitochondrial and nuclear targeting strategy that can also increase the antitumor capacity of macrophages. In this study, XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 nanoparticles were combined with mitochondria-targeting lonidamine (TPP-LND) nanoparticles. The combination of nanoparticles with a 1:4 ratio of KPT and TL demonstrated the best synergistic effect in restraining the proliferation and metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Investigating the mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, it was found that KPT nanoparticles not only directly impede tumor growth and metastasis by controlling the expression of associated proteins but also indirectly facilitate mitochondrial damage. The two nanoparticles synergistically decreased the expression of cytoprotective factors, such as Mcl-1 and Survivin, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and thus inducing apoptosis. Additionally, it downregulated metastasis-related proteins like HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and reduced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, their combination increased the ratio of M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)/M2 TAMs both in vitro and in vivo and increased the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, thus suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, this research revealed that nuclear export inhibition can synergistically enhance the prevention of mitochondrial damage to tumor cells, heightening the antitumor properties of TAMs, thereby providing a viable and safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Uribe-Etxebarria V, Pineda JR, García-Gallastegi P, Agliano A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Notch and Wnt Signaling Modulation to Enhance DPSC Stemness and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087389. [PMID: 37108549 PMCID: PMC10138690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dental Pulp of permanent human teeth is home to stem cells with remarkable multilineage differentiation ability: human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). These cells display a very notorious expression of pluripotency core factors, and the ability to give rise to mature cell lineages belonging to the three embryonic layers. For these reasons, several researchers in the field have long considered human DPSCs as pluripotent-like cells. Notably, some signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt contribute to maintaining the stemness of these cells through a complex network involving metabolic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The use of recombinant proteins and selective pharmacological modulators of Notch and Wnt pathways, together with serum-free media and appropriate scaffolds that allow the maintenance of the non-differentiated state of hDPSC cultures could be an interesting approach to optimize the potency of these stem cells, without a need for genetic modification. In this review, we describe and integrate findings that shed light on the mechanisms responsible for stemness maintenance of hDPSCs, and how these are regulated by Notch/Wnt activation, drawing some interesting parallelisms with pluripotent stem cells. We summarize previous work on the stem cell field that includes interactions between epigenetics, metabolic regulations, and pluripotency core factor expression in hDPSCs and other stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa Leioa, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Gallastegi
- Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alice Agliano
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fernando Unda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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9
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Wang S, Zheng C, Huang Y, He X. Betel quid may stimulate oral submucous fibrosis by inducing increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation via copper overload. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Metabolism-based cardiomyocytes production for regenerative therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 176:11-20. [PMID: 36681267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently used in clinical applications such as cardiac regenerative therapy, studying disease models, and drug screening for heart failure. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be used as an alternative therapy for heart transplantation. In contrast to differentiated somatic cells, hPSCs possess unique metabolic programs to maintain pluripotency, and understanding their metabolic features can contribute to the development of technologies that can be useful for their clinical applications. The production of hPSC-CMs requires stepwise specification during embryonic development and metabolic regulation is crucial for proper embryonic development. These metabolic features have been applied to hPSC-CM production methods, such as mesoderm induction, specifications for cardiac progenitors, and their maturation. This review describes the metabolic programs in hPSCs and the metabolic regulation in hPSC-CM production for cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Zheng T, Liversage AR, Tehrani KF, Call JA, Kner PA, Mortensen LJ. Imaging mitochondria through bone in live mice using two-photon fluorescence microscopy with adaptive optics. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:959601. [PMID: 37554651 PMCID: PMC10406258 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.959601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are extremely important organelles in the regulation of bone marrow and brain activity. However, live imaging of these subcellular features with high resolution in scattering tissues like brain or bone has proven challenging. METHODS In this study, we developed a two-photon fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics (TPFM-AO) for high-resolution imaging, which uses a home-built Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) to correct system aberrations and a sensorless approach for correcting low order tissue aberrations. RESULTS Using AO increases the fluorescence intensity of the point spread function (PSF) and achieves fast imaging of subcellular organelles with 400 nm resolution through 85 μm of highly scattering tissue. We achieved ~1.55×, ~3.58×, and ~1.77× intensity increases using AO, and a reduction of the PSF width by ~0.83×, ~0.74×, and ~0.9× at the depths of 0, 50 μm and 85 μm in living mouse bone marrow respectively, allowing us to characterize mitochondrial health and the survival of functioning cells with a field of view of 67.5× 67.5 μm. We also investigate the role of initial signal and background levels in sample correction quality by varying the laser power and camera exposure time and develop an intensity-based criteria for sample correction. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates a promising tool for imaging of mitochondria and other organelles in optically distorting biological environments, which could facilitate the study of a variety of diseases connected to mitochondrial morphology and activity in a range of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Adrian R. Liversage
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kayvan F. Tehrani
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Peter A. Kner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Luke J. Mortensen
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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12
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Zavodnik IB, Kovalenia TA, Veiko AG, Lapshina EA, Ilyich TV, Kravchuk RI, Zavodnik LB, Klimovich II. [Structural and functional changes in rat liver mitochondria under calcium ion loading in the absence and presence of flavonoids]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:237-249. [PMID: 36005842 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226804237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanisms of calcium ion-induced impairments of the ultrastructure and functional activity of isolated rat liver mitochondria in the absence and presence of a number of flavonoids in vitro. In the presence of exogenous Ca²⁺ (20-60 μM), mitochondrial heterogeneity in size and electron density markedly increased: most organelles demonstrated a swollen electron-light matrix, bigger size, elongated cristae and a reduced their number, a damaged native structure of the inner membrane up to its detachment, and some mitochondria showed a more electron-dense matrix (condensed mitochondria). The calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) resulted in the ultrastructural disturbances and in the effective inhibition of the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria. The flavonoids (10-25 μM) naringenin and catechin, dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory activity of mitochondria and stimulated the MPTP opening in the presence of Ca²⁺ ions. Since Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter, effectively prevented Ca²⁺-induced MPTP opening both in the absence and presence of flavonoids, we hypothesized that the effect of flavonoids on the MPTP opening could be mediated by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ uniporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T A Kovalenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - A G Veiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - E A Lapshina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - T V Ilyich
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
| | - R I Kravchuk
- Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - L B Zavodnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Grodno, Belarus
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13
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Daood U, Ilyas MS, Ashraf M, Akbar M, Bapat RA, Khan AS, Pichika MR, Parolia A, Seow LL, Khoo SP, Yiu C. Biochemical changes and macrophage polarization of a silane-based endodontic irrigant in an animal model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6354. [PMID: 35428859 PMCID: PMC9012771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm-1 existed in all with variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization for ethnopharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ashraf
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Akbar
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Division of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Tomatidine-stimulated maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modeling mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:493-502. [PMID: 35379934 PMCID: PMC9076832 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) have been reported to exhibit immature embryonic or fetal cardiomyocyte-like phenotypes. To enhance the maturation of hESC-CMs, we identified a natural steroidal alkaloid, tomatidine, as a new substance that stimulates the maturation of hESC-CMs. Treatment of human embryonic stem cells with tomatidine during cardiomyocyte differentiation stimulated the expression of several cardiomyocyte-specific markers and increased the density of T-tubules. Furthermore, tomatidine treatment augmented the number and size of mitochondria and enhanced the formation of mitochondrial lamellar cristae. Tomatidine treatment stimulated mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production, in hESC-CMs. Tomatidine-treated hESC-CMs were more sensitive to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity than the control cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that tomatidine promotes the differentiation of stem cells to adult cardiomyocytes by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation and that tomatidine-treated mature hESC-CMs can be used for cardiotoxicity screening and cardiac disease modeling.
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15
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Luo Y, Apaijai N, Liao S, Maneechote C, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Benjanuwattra J, Yanpiset P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Therapeutic potentials of cell death inhibitors in rats with cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2462-2476. [PMID: 35315192 PMCID: PMC8995446 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrated that cell death pathways including ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis contribute to cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that ferroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis contribute differently to myocardial damage during acute cardiac I/R injury. Rats underwent cardiac I/R or sham operation. I/R-operated rats were divided into 4 groups: vehicle, apoptosis (Z-vad), ferroptosis (Fer-1) and necroptosis (Nec-1) inhibition. Rats in each cell death inhibitor group were subdivided into 3 different dose regimens: low, medium and high. Infarct size, left ventricular (LV) function, arrhythmias and molecular mechanism were investigated. Cardiac I/R caused myocardial infarction, LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis and ferroptosis. Infarct size, LV dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and ferroptosis were all reduced to a similar extent in rats treated with Z-vad (low and medium doses) or Fer-1 (medium and high doses). Fer-1 treatment also reduced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and inflammation. No evidence of necroptosis was found in association with acute I/R injury, therefore Nec-1 treatment could not be assessed. Apoptosis and ferroptosis, not necroptosis, contributed to myocardial damage in acute I/R injury. Inhibitors of these 2 pathways provided effective cardioprotection in rats with I/R injury though modulation of mitochondrial function and attenuated apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suchan Liao
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panat Yanpiset
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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16
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Zhang L, Yi M, Zhong S, Liu J, Liu X, Bing T, Zhang N, Wei Y, Shangguan D. p-Aminostyryl thiazole orange derivatives for monitoring mitochondrial viscosity in live cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120394. [PMID: 34555696 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity of cell microenvironment plays a significant role in maintaining the normal life activities of cells. Particularly, the abnormal viscosity in mitochondria is closely associated with lots of diseases and cellular dysfunctions. Herein, we developed a group of p-aminostyryl thiazole orange derivatives with different amino side chains. These probes showed good fluorescence response to viscosity with twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, among them, the probes with diethylamino (TOB), dibutylamino (TOC) and pyrrolidin (TOE) side chains showed better response to the viscosity with 78-fold, 55-fold, and 88-fold fluorescence enhancement in 95% glycerol solution respectively. TOB, TOC, and TOE could enter live cells and mainly located in mitochondria. Treatment HeLa cells with nystatin, lipopolysaccharide or oleic acid caused significant fluorescence enhancement of these probes, suggesting the good potential for monitoring the variation of mitochondrial viscosity, as well as for investigating the related physiological process of inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengwen Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongbiao Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Geng C, Zhan J, Hao X, Song W, Lin W. Distinguishing normal and inflammatory models by viscosity changes with sensitively mitochondrial-trackable fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120271. [PMID: 34411771 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological microenvironment plays a momentous role in the regulation of various vital activities, and its abnormal changes are often closely related to some diseases. Viscosity, as an indispensable part of microenvironment parameters, has always been one of the research hotspots of investigators. Herein, we constructed a new red-emitting fluorescent probe (HVM) to identify the abnormal situation of mitochondria through viscosity changes in the biological microenvironment. Interestingly, HVM has excellent optical properties such as large stokes shift (160 nm), viscosity sensitivity (195-fold), high photostability, and biochemical properties with low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. For these reasons, the novel probe could successfully be used to identify the normal and inflammatory models via viscosity changes in biological experiments. Therefore, we provided a convenient synthetic route to obtain viscosity sensor HVM with excellent application properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Geng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Jingting Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Xinya Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
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18
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Ruiz LM, Libedinsky A, Elorza AA. Role of Copper on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711227. [PMID: 34504870 PMCID: PMC8421569 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is essential for life processes like energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, iron uptake, and signaling in eukaryotic organisms. Mitochondria gather copper for the assembly of cuproenzymes such as the respiratory complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1. In this regard, copper plays a role in mitochondrial function and signaling involving bioenergetics, dynamics, and mitophagy, which affect cell fate by means of metabolic reprogramming. In mammals, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated by the liver. However, cellular copper levels are tissue specific. Copper imbalances, either overload or deficiency, have been associated with many diseases, including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, as well as tumor development and cancer aggressivity. Consistently, new pharmacological developments have been addressed to reduce or exacerbate copper levels as potential cancer therapies. This review goes over the copper source, distribution, cellular uptake, and its role in mitochondrial function, metabolic reprograming, and cancer biology, linking copper metabolism with the field of regenerative medicine and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allan Libedinsky
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Sinenko SA, Starkova TY, Kuzmin AA, Tomilin AN. Physiological Signaling Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species in Stem Cells: From Flies to Man. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714370. [PMID: 34422833 PMCID: PMC8377544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, are generated as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria or via cell signaling-induced NADPH oxidases in the cytosol. In the recent two decades, a plethora of studies established that elevated ROS levels generated by oxidative eustress are crucial physiological mediators of many cellular and developmental processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of ROS generation and regulation, current understanding of ROS functions in the maintenance of adult and embryonic stem cells, as well as in the process of cell reprogramming to a pluripotent state. Recently discovered cell-non-autonomous ROS functions mediated by growth factors are crucial for controlling cell differentiation and cellular immune response in Drosophila. Importantly, many physiological functions of ROS discovered in Drosophila may allow for deciphering and understanding analogous processes in human, which could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in ROS-associated diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2489-2521. [PMID: 34155777 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, Ravenna, 48033, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Sara Valente
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
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21
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Transcriptional Regulation of Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063288. [PMID: 33807107 PMCID: PMC8004589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period, mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo numerous maturational changes associated with increased cardiac function and output, including hypertrophic growth, cell cycle exit, sarcomeric protein isoform switching, and mitochondrial maturation. These changes come at the expense of loss of regenerative capacity of the heart, contributing to heart failure after cardiac injury in adults. While most studies focus on the transcriptional regulation of embryonic or adult cardiomyocytes, the transcriptional changes that occur during the postnatal period are relatively unknown. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulators responsible for these aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation during the postnatal period in mammals. By specifically highlighting this transitional period, we draw attention to critical processes in cardiomyocyte maturation with potential therapeutic implications in cardiovascular disease.
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22
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Elorza AA, Soffia JP. mtDNA Heteroplasmy at the Core of Aging-Associated Heart Failure. An Integrative View of OXPHOS and Mitochondrial Life Cycle in Cardiac Mitochondrial Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625020. [PMID: 33692999 PMCID: PMC7937615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common aging-associated diseases are cardiovascular diseases which affect 40% of elderly people. Elderly people are prone to suffer aging-associated diseases which are not only related to health and medical cost but also to labor, household productivity and mortality cost. Aging is becoming a world problem and it is estimated that 21.8% of global population will be older than 65 years old in 2050; and for the first time in human history, there will be more elderly people than children. It is well accepted that the origin of aging-associated cardiovascular diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria have their own genome (mtDNA) that is circular, double-stranded, and 16,569 bp long in humans. There are between 500 to 6000 mtDNA copies per cell which are tissue-specific. As a by-product of ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated which damage proteins, lipids, and mtDNA. ROS-mutated mtDNA co-existing with wild type mtDNA is called mtDNA heteroplasmy. The progressive increase in mtDNA heteroplasmy causes progressive mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a loss in their bioenergetic capacity, disruption in the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission events (mitochondrial dynamics, MtDy) and decreased mitophagy. This failure in mitochondrial physiology leads to the accumulation of depolarized and ROS-generating mitochondria. Thus, besides attenuated ATP production, dysfunctional mitochondria interfere with proper cellular metabolism and signaling pathways in cardiac cells, contributing to the development of aging-associated cardiovascular diseases. In this context, there is a growing interest to enhance mitochondrial function by decreasing mtDNA heteroplasmy. Reduction in mtDNA heteroplasmy is associated with increased mitophagy, proper MtDy balance and mitochondrial biogenesis; and those processes can delay the onset or progression of cardiovascular diseases. This has led to the development of mitochondrial therapies based on the application of nutritional, pharmacological and genetic treatments. Those seeking to have a positive impact on mtDNA integrity, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy in old and sick hearts. This review covers the current knowledge of mitochondrial physiopathology in aging, how disruption of OXPHOS or mitochondrial life cycle alter mtDNA and cardiac cell function; and novel mitochondrial therapies to protect and rescue our heart from cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Elorza
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Soffia
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Zhao Y, Bunch TD, Isom SC. Effects of electrical biostimulation and silver ions on porcine fibroblast cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246847. [PMID: 33566869 PMCID: PMC7875371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical applications of electrical biostimulation and silver ions have been evaluated in laboratory experiments and clinical studies for more than two decades. Their effects on preventing infection and promoting wound healing have been described. However, little is known about the role of electrical biostimulation and/or silver ion on changes in cellular transcriptome dynamics. To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted to investigate the potential of electrical biostimulation and silver ions in cell reprogramming. Besides, it is essential to assess any possible adverse effects or potential benefits of the silver ions on mammalian cells to address its safety concerns and to improve silver medical products. In this study, we investigated transcriptomic changes in porcine fibroblast cells in response to electrical biostimulation in the presence of silver ions. Exposed cells presented distinct morphological changes after treatment, which was mainly due to the exposure of silver ions rather than the electrical current itself. Gene expression analyses suggested that electrical biostimulation and silver ions did not increase the expression of pluripotency genes. Interestingly, a set of genes related to cellular metabolic processes were differentially expressed after cells were exposed to electrically generated silver ions for 21 hours. We found that 2.00 mg/L of electrically generated silver ion caused an increase of ATP generation and an increase of the total pool of NAD+ and NADH, while ROS production did not change. Aside from toxic effects, the results reported herein demonstrate the alternative effects of silver ions on mammalian cells, especially an oxidative phosphorylation burst. To our knowledge, this response of mammalian cells to silver ions has not been described previously. Although the function of this burst is not understood, it may lead to alterations in cellular activities such as metabolic remodeling and cell reprogramming, and/or serve an as-yet unknown function in neutralization or detoxification of the silver ions within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Zhao
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Bunch
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - S. Clay Isom
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Gonzalez-Ibanez AM, Ruiz LM, Jensen E, Echeverria CA, Romero V, Stiles L, Shirihai OS, Elorza AA. Erythroid Differentiation and Heme Biosynthesis Are Dependent on a Shift in the Balance of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592035. [PMID: 33330472 PMCID: PMC7719720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is the most robust cellular differentiation and proliferation system, with a production of ∼2 × 1011 cells per day. In this fine-tuned process, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate erythroid progenitors, which proliferate and mature into erythrocytes. During erythropoiesis, mitochondria are reprogrammed to drive the differentiation process before finally being eliminated by mitophagy. In erythropoiesis, mitochondrial dynamics (MtDy) are expected to be a key regulatory point that has not been described previously. We described that a specific MtDy pattern occurs in human erythropoiesis from EPO-induced human CD34+ cells, characterized predominantly by mitochondrial fusion at early stages followed by fission at late stages. The fusion protein MFN1 and the fission protein FIS1 are shown to play a key role in the progression of erythropoiesis. Fragmentation of the mitochondrial web by the overexpression of FIS1 (gain of fission) resulted in both the inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthesis and the arrest of erythroid differentiation, keeping cells in immature differentiation stages. These cells showed specific mitochondrial features as compared with control cells, such as an increase in round and large mitochondrial morphology, low mitochondrial membrane potential, a drop in the expression of the respiratory complexes II and IV and increased ROS. Interestingly, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor, cyclosporin A, rescued mitochondrial morphology, hemoglobin biosynthesis and erythropoiesis. Studies presented in this work reveal MtDy as a hot spot in the control of erythroid differentiation, which might signal downstream for metabolic reprogramming through regulation of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro M Gonzalez-Ibanez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina M Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Jensen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valentina Romero
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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25
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A transient decrease in mitochondrial activity contributes to establish the ganglion cell fate in retina adapted for high acuity vision. Dev Biol 2020; 469:96-110. [PMID: 33141037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the plan of the retina is well conserved in vertebrates, there are considerable variations in cell type diversity and number, as well as in the organization and properties of the tissue. The high ratios of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to cones in primate fovea and bird retinas favor neural circuits essential for high visual acuity and color vision. The role that cell metabolism could play in cell fate decision during embryonic development of the nervous system is still largely unknown. Here, we describe how subtle changes of mitochondrial activity along the pathway converting uncommitted progenitors into newborn RGCs increase the recruitment of RGC-fated progenitors. ATOH7, a proneural protein dedicated to the production of RGCs in vertebrates, activates transcription of the Hes5.3 gene in pre-committed progenitors. The HES5.3 protein, in turn, regulates a transient decrease in mitochondrial activity via the retinoic acid signaling pathway few hours before cell commitment. This metabolic shift lengthens the progression of the ultimate cell cycle and is a necessary step for upregulating Atoh7 and promoting RGC differentiation.
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26
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Yu W, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu R, Liu J, Wang Z, Peng J, Wu H, Zhang X, Long Z, Kong D, Li W, Hai C. Stat2-Drp1 mediated mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101761. [PMID: 33080440 PMCID: PMC7575803 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage recruitment and pro-inflammatory differentiation are hallmarks of various diseases, including infection and sepsis. Although studies suggest that mitochondria may regulate macrophage immune responses, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial mass affects macrophage pro-inflammatory differentiation. Here, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages possess higher mitochondrial mass than resting cells. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the functional role and molecular mechanisms of increased mitochondrial mass in pro-inflammatory differentiated macrophages. Results show that an increase in the mitochondrial mass of macrophages positively correlates with inflammatory cytokine generation in response to LPS. RNA-seq analysis revealed that LPS promotes signal transducers and activators of transcription 2 (Stat2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression, which are enriched in positive mitochondrial fission regulation. Meanwhile, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Drp1 blunts LPS-induced mitochondrial mass increase and pro-inflammatory differentiation. Moreover, Stat2 boosts Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 616, required for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. LPS also causes Stat2-and Drp1-dependent biogenesis, which contributes to the generation of additional mitochondria. However, these mitochondria are profoundly remodeled, displaying fragmented morphology, loose cristae, reduced Δψm, and metabolic programming. Furthermore, these remodeled mitochondria shift their function from ATP synthesis to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which drives NFκB-dependent inflammatory cytokine transcription. Interestingly, an increase in mitochondrial mass with constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of Drp1 (Drp1S616E) boosted pro-inflammatory response in macrophages without LPS stimulation. In vivo, we also demonstrated that Mdivi-1 administration inhibits LPS-induced macrophage pro-inflammatory differentiation. Importantly, we observed Stat2 phosphorylation and Drp1-dependent mitochondrial mass increase in macrophages isolated from LPS-challenged mice. In conclusion, we comprehensively demonstrate that a Stat2-Drp1 dependent mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Therefore, targeting the Stat2-Drp1 axis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for treating infection and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Student Brigade of Basic Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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27
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Liu R, Xu F, Bi S, Zhao X, Jia B, Cen Y. Mitochondrial DNA-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Lung Injury in Thermal Injury Murine Model: Protective Effect of Cyclosporine-A. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:355-360. [PMID: 30926991 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Burn trauma is generally associated with profound inflammation and organ injuries, especially the lung. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), released after tissue injuries, play a crucial role in the development of the inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective profiles of cyclosporine-A (CsA) in murine models with thermal injury. We studied 24 C57BL/6 mice which were randomly subjected to four groups: a sham-operation group (SO group, n = 6), an experiment group (a full-thickness thermal injury covered 30% of the TBSA, n = 6), a low-CsA group (injection of 2.5 mg/kg of CsA 15 min before the thermal injury, n = 6) and a high-CsA group (injection of 25 mg/kg of CsA 15 min before the thermal injury, n = 6). Systemic inflammatory mediators and plasma mtDNA were measured while lung injury was evaluated pathologically and cytosolic cytochrome c and mtDNA were detected. Noticeable increases in concentration of mtDNA and inflammatory mediators were obtained in the experiment group and two CsA groups comparing with the SO group (P < .05). There were significant decreases in the concentrations of mtDNA and inflammatory mediators with increasing doses of CsA (P < .05). Similarly, severity of lung injury was mitigated with increasing doses of CsA. Meanwhile, CsA also attenuated oxidative stress and release of cytochrome c and mtDNA in the lung tissue on a dose-dependent manner (P < .05). Our results suggested mtDNA contributes to the development of thermal injury-induced inflammation and lung injury. CsA might exert dual protective effects, reducing the release of mtDNA and limiting the mtDNA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the lung, on the thermal injury-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bangsheng Jia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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28
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Cappellari O, Mantuano P, De Luca A. "The Social Network" and Muscular Dystrophies: The Lesson Learnt about the Niche Environment as a Target for Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071659. [PMID: 32660168 PMCID: PMC7407800 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle stem cells niche is essential in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle injury and myofiber death are the main triggers of muscle regeneration via satellite cell activation. However, in degenerative diseases such as muscular dystrophy, regeneration still keep elusive. In these pathologies, stem cell loss occurs over time, and missing signals limiting damaged tissue from activating the regenerative process can be envisaged. It is unclear what comes first: the lack of regeneration due to satellite cell defects, their pool exhaustion for degeneration/regeneration cycles, or the inhibitory mechanisms caused by muscle damage and fibrosis mediators. Herein, Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been taken as a paradigm, as several drugs have been tested at the preclinical and clinical levels, targeting secondary events in the complex pathogenesis derived from lack of dystrophin. We focused on the crucial roles that pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines play in triggering muscle necrosis after damage and stimulating satellite cell activation and self-renewal, along with growth and mechanical factors. These processes contribute to regeneration and niche maintenance. We review the main effects of drugs on regeneration biomarkers to assess whether targeting pathogenic events can help to protect niche homeostasis and enhance regeneration efficiency other than protecting newly formed fibers from further damage.
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29
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Wang W, Liu Y, Niu J, Lin W. Discriminating normal and inflammatory models by viscosity changes with a mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe. Analyst 2020; 144:6247-6253. [PMID: 31552926 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular viscosity abnormalities can lead to diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this work, we developed a mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe (EIMV) for discriminating normal and inflammatory models by viscosity changes. It was found that EIMV showed excellent properties, including high photostability, low cytotoxicity, red emission and favorable biocompatibility. In view of these unique features, this probe could successfully identify normal and cancer cells via viscosity changes. Furthermore, the EIMV probe successfully identified zebrafish with different viscosities by the same method. Moreover, EIMV exhibited different fluorescence signals in normal and inflammatory mice due to changes in viscosity. Therefore, the probe provides a new method to study the relationship between diseases and viscosity in the fields of biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
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30
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Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondria with Three Different Sets of Signals Based on Fluorene Cation Fluorescent Probe. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:1457-1465. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Shao Y, Chen J, Dong LJ, He X, Cheng R, Zhou K, Liu J, Qiu F, Li XR, Ma JX. A Protective Effect of PPARα in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Through Regulating Metabolism. Diabetes 2019; 68:2131-2142. [PMID: 31451517 PMCID: PMC6804623 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of endothelial progenitor cells, including endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), plays an important role in retinal vascular degeneration in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Fenofibrate, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), has shown therapeutic effects on DR in both patients and diabetic animal models. However, the function of PPARα in ECFC/CACs has not been defined. In this study, we determined the regulation of ECFC/CAC by PPARα. As shown by flow cytometry and Seahorse analysis, ECFC/CAC numbers and mitochondrial function were decreased in the bone marrow, circulation, and retina of db/db mice, correlating with PPARα downregulation. Activation of PPARα by fenofibrate normalized ECFC/CAC numbers and mitochondrial function in diabetes. In contrast, PPARα knockout exacerbated ECFC/CAC number decreases and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Primary ECFCs from PPARα -/- mice displayed impaired proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Furthermore, PPARα -/- ECFCs showed reduced mitochondrial oxidation and glycolysis compared with wild type, correlating with decreases of Akt phosphorylation and expression of its downstream genes regulating ECFC fate and metabolism. These findings suggest that PPARα is an endogenous regulator of ECFC/CAC metabolism and cell fate. Diabetes-induced downregulation of PPARα contributes to ECFC/CAC deficiency and retinal vascular degeneration in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Li-Jie Dong
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kelu Zhou
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Juping Liu
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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32
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Tiemeier GL, Wang G, Dumas SJ, Sol WMPJ, Avramut MC, Karakach T, Orlova VV, van den Berg CW, Mummery CL, Carmeliet P, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Closing the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in hiPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Induces Glycocalyx Formation and Functional Maturation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:803-816. [PMID: 31680061 PMCID: PMC6895683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are used to study organogenesis and model disease as well as being developed for regenerative medicine. Endothelial cells are among the many cell types differentiated from hiPSCs, but their maturation and stabilization fall short of that in adult endothelium. We examined whether shear stress alone or in combination with pericyte co-culture would induce flow alignment and maturation of hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) but found no effects comparable with those in primary microvascular ECs. In addition, hiPSC-ECs lacked a luminal glycocalyx, critical for vasculature homeostasis, shear stress sensing, and signaling. We noted, however, that hiPSC-ECs have dysfunctional mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in reduced mitochondrial function and increased reactive oxygen species. Closure of these pores by cyclosporine A improved EC mitochondrial function but also restored the glycocalyx such that alignment to flow took place. These results indicated that mitochondrial maturation is required for proper hiPSC-EC functionality. hiPSC-ECs lack a functional glycocalyx and fail to align to flow hiPSC-ECs have reduced mitochondrial function and increased leakage of ROS Closing the mPTP with cyclosporine A induces mitochondrial maturation Improved mitochondrial function restores the glycocalyx and alignment to flow
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa L Tiemeier
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Xiao Q, Che X, Cai B, Tao Z, Zhang H, Shao Q, Pu J. Macrophage autophagy regulates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and inhibits necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:260-275. [PMID: 31660692 PMCID: PMC6933382 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vulnerable plaque is a key distinguishing feature of atherosclerotic lesions that can cause acute atherothrombotic vascular disease. This study was designed to explore the effect of autophagy on mitochondria-mediated macrophage apoptosis and vulnerable plaques. Here, we generated the mouse model of vulnerable carotid plaque in ApoE-/- mice. Application of ApoE-/- mice with rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) inhibited necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques by decreasing macrophage apoptosis. However, 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) promoted plaque vulnerability through deteriorating these indexes. To further explore the mechanism of autophagy on macrophage apoptosis, we used macrophage apoptosis model in vitro and found that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC, one of the primary oxysterols in oxLDL) caused macrophage apoptosis with concomitant impairment of mitochondria, characterized by the impairment of mitochondrial ultrastructure, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial potential dissipation, mitochondrial fragmentation, excessive ROS generation and both caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, such mitochondrial apoptotic responses were ameliorated by autophagy activator, but exacerbated by autophagy inhibitor. Finally, we found that MAPK-NF-κB signalling pathway was involved in autophagy modulation of 7-KC-induced macrophage apoptosis. So, we provide strong evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of macrophage autophagy in regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and inhibiting necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Uribe‐Etxebarria V, Agliano A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Wnt signaling reprograms metabolism in dental pulp stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13068-13082. [PMID: 30549037 PMCID: PMC6519273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate to a wide range of different cell lineages, and share some gene expression and functional similarities with pluripotent stem cells. The stemness of DPSCs can also be pharmacologically enhanced by the activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Here, we examined the metabolic profile of DPSCs during reprogramming linked to Wnt activation, by a short (48 hr) exposure to either the GSK3-β inhibitor BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3´-oxine) or human recombinant protein WNT-3A. Both treatments largely increased glucose consumption, and induced a gene overexpression of pyruvate and mitochondrial acetyl-coA producing enzymes, thus activating mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism in DPSCs. This ultimately led to an accumulation of reducing power and a mitochondrial hyperpolarization in DPSCs. Interestingly, Nile Red staining showed that lipid fuel reserves were being stored in Wnt-activated DPSCs. We associate this metabolic reprogramming with an energy-priming state allowing DPSCs to better respond to subsequent high demands of energy and biosynthesis metabolites for cellular growth. These results show that enhancement of the stemness of DPSCs by Wnt activation comes along with a profound metabolic remodeling, which is distinctly characterized by a crucial participation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronica Uribe‐Etxebarria
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
| | - Alice Agliano
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingCancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
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Zhao Q, Sun Q, Zhou L, Liu K, Jiao K. Complex Regulation of Mitochondrial Function During Cardiac Development. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012731. [PMID: 31215339 PMCID: PMC6662350 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Alabama at BirminghamAL
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Slc25a36 modulates pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating mitochondrial function and glutathione level. Biochem J 2019; 476:1585-1604. [PMID: 31036718 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the maintenance of the naive state of embryonic stem cells. Many details of the mechanism remain to be fully elucidated. Solute carrier family 25 member 36 (Slc25a36) might regulate mitochondrial function through transporting pyrimidine nucleotides for mtDNA/RNA synthesis. Its physical role in this process remains unknown; however, Slc25a36 was recently found to be highly expressed in naive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, the function of Slc25a36 was characterized as a maintenance factor of mESCs pluripotency. Slc25a36 deficiency (via knockdown) has been demonstrated to result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which induces the differentiation of mESCs. The expression of key pluripotency markers (Pou5f1, Sox2, Nanog, and Utf1) decreased, while that of key TE genes (Cdx2, Gata3, and Hand1) increased. Cdx2-positive cells emerged in Slc25a36-deficient colonies under trophoblast stem cell culture conditions. As a result of Slc25a36 deficiency, mtDNA of knockdown cells declined, leading to impaired mitochondria with swollen morphology, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and low numbers. The key transcription regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis also decreased. These results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to an inability to support the pluripotency maintenance. Moreover, down-regulated glutathione metabolism and up-regulated focal adhesion reinforced and stabilized the process of differentiation by separately enhancing OCT4 degradation and promoting cell spread. This study improves the understanding of the function of Slc25a36, as well as the relationship of mitochondrial function with naive pluripotency maintenance and stem cell fate decision.
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Xian H, Yang Q, Xiao L, Shen HM, Liou YC. STX17 dynamically regulated by Fis1 induces mitophagy via hierarchical macroautophagic mechanism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2059. [PMID: 31053718 PMCID: PMC6499814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is the selective autophagic targeting and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. While PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy is well-characterized, PINK1/Parkin-independent route is poorly understood. Using structure illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), we demonstrate that the SNARE protein Syntaxin 17 (STX17) initiates mitophagy upon depletion of outer mitochondrial membrane protein Fis1. With proteomics analysis, we identify the STX17-Fis1 interaction, which controls the dynamic shuffling of STX17 between ER and mitochondria. Fis1 loss results in aberrant STX17 accumulation on mitochondria, which exposes the N terminus and promotes self-oligomerization to trigger mitophagy. Mitochondrial STX17 interacts with ATG14 and recruits core autophagy proteins to form mitophagosome, followed by Rab7-dependent mitophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, Fis1 loss impairs mitochondrial respiration and potentially sensitizes cells to mitochondrial clearance, which is mediated through canonical autophagy machinery, closely linking non-selective macroautophagy to mitochondrial turnover. Our findings uncover a PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagic mechanism in which outer mitochondrial membrane protein Fis1 regulates mitochondrial quality control. Mitophagy plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis, and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is the most thoroughly characterized. Here, Xian et al. show that STX17 induces mitophagy via a macroautophagy pathway regulated by Fis1, by a PINK1/Parkin-independent route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Nesci S, Bernardini C, Salaroli R, Zannoni A, Trombetti F, Ventrella V, Pagliarani A, Forni M. Characterization of metabolic profiles and lipopolysaccharide effects on porcine vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16685-16691. [PMID: 30825197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The link between metabolic remodeling and stem cell fate is still unclear. To explore this topic, the metabolic profile of porcine vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells (pVW-MSCs) was investigated. At the first and second cell passages, pVW-MSCs exploit both glycolysis and cellular respiration to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but in the subsequent (third to eighth) passages they do not show any mitochondrial ATP turnover. Interestingly, when the first passage pVW-MSCs are exposed to 0.1 or 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) for 4 hr, even if ATP synthesis is prevented, the spare respiratory capacity is retained and the glycolytic capacity is unaffected. In contrast, the exposure of pVW-MSCs at the fifth passage to 10 μg/ml LPS stimulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Flow cytometry rules out any reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement in the LPS effects, thus suggesting that the pVW-MSC metabolic pattern is modulated by culture conditions via ROS-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Mitochondrial Role in Stemness and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4067162. [PMID: 30881461 PMCID: PMC6381553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4067162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent and self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on glycolysis rather than on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) for energy production. HSC reliance on glycolysis is considered an adaptation to the hypoxic environment of the bone marrow (BM) and reflects the low energetic demands of HSCs. Metabolic rewiring from glycolysis to mitochondrial-based energy generation accompanies HSC differentiation and lineage commitment. Recent evidence, however, highlights that alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and activity are not simply passive consequences but active drivers of HSC fate decisions. Modulation of mitochondrial activity and metabolism is therefore critical for maintaining the self-renewal potential of primitive HSCs and might be beneficial for ex vivo expansion of transplantable HSCs. In this review, we emphasize recent advances in the emerging role of mitochondria in hematopoiesis, cellular reprograming, and HSC fate decisions.
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Xiao Z, Jia B, Zhao X, Bi S, Meng W. Attenuation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Cyclosporine-A via Suppression of Mitochondrial DNA. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7682-7688. [PMID: 30367813 PMCID: PMC6216435 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is generally associated with sepsis, which causes multiple system injuries and systemic inflammatory response. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is of great importance in mediation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective profiles of Cyclosporine-A (CsA) in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and systemic inflammation by the inhibition of mtDNA and Toll-like receptor. Material/Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: a sham group (n=6); an experiment group (ALI induced through intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/ml LPS, n=6); a low-CsA group (injection of 2.5 mg/kg of CsA 15 min after injection of LPS, n=6); and a high-CsA group (injection of 25 mg/kg of CsA 15 min after injection of LPS, n=6). Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and blood samples were collected at 6 h for further analyses. Results CsA treatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung histopathological changes (P<.05), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (P<.05) and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (P<.05). In addition, injection of CsA decreased total cells (P<.05), neutrophils (P<.05), and total protein (P<.05) in BALF and inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, P<.05) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, P<.05) in a dose-dependent manner. A significant decrease in mtDNA was observed in the CsA group when compared with controls (P<.05). Furthermore, we demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the high-CsA group and low-CsA group in lung injury score (P<.05), mtDNA (P<.05), and MPO (P<.05). Conclusions The evidence from this study suggests that CsA attenuated lung inflammation after LPS injection, and the protective mechanism may at least in part involve decreasing the release of inflammatory cytokines and mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Bangsheng Jia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, , China (mainland)
| | - Siwei Bi
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Shao Y, Li X, Wood JW, Ma JX. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, endothelial progenitor cells and diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:966-973. [PMID: 30068485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working age population. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play a vital role in vascular damage repair. This article will review recent progress regarding mitochondrial and EPC dysfunction associated with DR. RESULTS EPCs represent a limited population of adult stem cells possessing vasculogenic potential postnatally; their number and function are changed in DR. Among all the function changes, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the dysregulation of EPCs, as mitochondria regulate energy balance, and cell fate determination. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanism for the role of mitochondria dysregulation in EPC function remains elusive, mitochondria of EPCs represent a promising target for the treatment of the vasculopathy presented within DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China; Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - John W Wood
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
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Ji F, Zhao C, Wang B, Tang Y, Miao Z, Wang Y. The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mitochondria after ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1717-1726. [PMID: 30043506 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) exists in DNA, RNA, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and plays an important role in many diseases. Specifically, 5hmC is involved in promoting gene expression, and this process is regulated by Tet enzymes. In this study, we identified that there is no difference in male mice and female mice at first; then we examined the levels of 5hmC in mtDNA and explored the relationship among 5hmC, mitochondrial gene expression and ATP production after acute brain ischemia. The abundance of mtDNA 5hmC was increased at 1 d and peaked at 2 d after ischemic injury, whereas that of mtDNA 5mC was unchanged. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial Tet2 expression was found to be responsible for the increase in mtDNA 5hmC. Tet2 inhibition decreased the mtDNA 5hmC abundance and increased the ATP levels in mitochondria, suggesting an association between the cellular ATP levels and mtDNA 5hmC abundance. We also demonstrated that mtDNA 5hmC increased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, China
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CsA attenuates compression-induced nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells apoptosis via alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 205:26-37. [PMID: 29746847 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of cyclosporine A (CsA), which efficiently inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, on compression-induced apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human NP-MSCs were subjected to various periods of 1.0 MPa compression. Cell viability was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cellular ultrastructure and ATP level were analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ATP detection kit respectively. The apoptosis ratio was determined using Annexin V/PI dual staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. The levels of apoptosis-associated molecules (cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were analyzed by western blot and qRT-PCR. Additionally, MPTP opening, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored. KEY FINDINGS Annexin V/PI dual staining and detection of apoptosis-associated molecules demonstrated that compression significantly up-regulated apoptosis level of NP-MSCs in a time-dependent manner. CsA greatly down-regulated compression-mediated NP-MSC apoptosis and the cell death ratio. Compression also notably exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion and oxidative stress in NP-MSCs, all of which were rescued by CsA. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that CsA efficiently inhibited compression-induced NP-MSCs apoptosis by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), and suggest CsA treatment as a potential strategy for delaying or even preventing IVDD.
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Wei H, Cong X. The effect of reactive oxygen species on cardiomyocyte differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:150-158. [PMID: 29258365 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1420184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of metabolic shift with genetic circuits is critical to cell specification, but the metabolic mechanisms that drive cardiac development are largely unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only the by-product of mitochondrial metabolism, but play a critical role in signalling cascade of cardiac development as a second messenger. Various levels of ROS appear differential and even oppose effect on selfrenewal and cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) at each stage of differentiation. The intracellular ROS and redox balance are meticulous regulated by several systems of ROS generation and scavenging, among which mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase (NOX) are major sources of intracellular ROS involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Some critical signalling modulators are activated or inactivated by oxidation, suggesting ROS can be involved in regulation of cell fate through these downstream targets. In this review, the literatures about major sources of ROS, the effect of ROS level on cardiac differentiation of PSCs, as well as the underlying mechanism of ROS in the control of cardiac fate of PSC are summarised and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- a Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina and Clemson University , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Xiangfeng Cong
- b Centre of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Nehra S, Bhardwaj V, Bansal A, Chattopadhyay P, Saraswat D. Nanocurcumin-pyrroloquinoline formulation prevents hypertrophy-induced pathological damage by relieving mitochondrial stress in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e404. [PMID: 29611541 PMCID: PMC5750470 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of a nanocurcumin formulation (NCF) containing nanocurcumin (NC) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on ameliorating hypoxia-induced stress in hypertrophied primary human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCM) under hypoxic conditions, as validated in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (cHH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Based on our previous findings, here, we analyzed the improvement in the protective efficacy of NCF against mitochondrial damage. The electron transport chain Complexes’ activities were analyzed as a chief operational center for mitochondrial homeostasis, along with key gene and protein markers for mitochondrial biogenesis, redox function, fatty acid oxidation, bio-energetic deficit and cell survival. NCF supplementation imparts cyto-protection from hypoxia-induced hypertrophy and damage in both in vitro and in vivo models while maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis better than NC and PQQ alone. This study proposes the use of NCF as a potential candidate molecule for imparting protection from high altitude-induced maladies in ascendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Nehra
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Bansal
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepika Saraswat
- Experimental Biology Division, Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
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46
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Engraftment and morphological development of vascularized human iPS cell-derived 3D-cardiomyocyte tissue after xenotransplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13708. [PMID: 29057926 PMCID: PMC5651879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine is the in vitro construction of three-dimensional (3D) tissues consisting of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) and a blood vascular network supplying nutrients and oxygen throughout the tissue after implantation. We have successfully built a vascularized iPSC-CM 3D-tissue using our validated cell manipulation technique. In order to evaluate an availability of the 3D-tissue as a biomaterial, functional morphology of the tissues was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy through their implantation into the rat infarcted heart. Before implantation, the tissues showed distinctive myofibrils within iPSC-CMs and capillary-like endothelial tubes, but their profiles were still like immature. In contrast, engraftment of the tissues to the rat heart led the iPSC-CMs and endothelial tubes into organization of cell organelles and junctional apparatuses and prompt development of capillary network harboring host blood supply, respectively. A number of capillaries in the implanted tissues were derived from host vascular bed, whereas the others were likely to be composed by fusion of host and implanted endothelial cells. Thus, our vascularized iPSC-CM 3D-tissues may be a useful regenerative paradigm which will require additional expanded and long-term studies.
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Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Metabolic remodeling during the loss and acquisition of pluripotency. Development 2017; 144:541-551. [PMID: 28196802 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent cells from the early stages of embryonic development have the unlimited capacity to self-renew and undergo differentiation into all of the cell types of the adult organism. These properties are regulated by tightly controlled networks of gene expression, which in turn are governed by the availability of transcription factors and their interaction with the underlying epigenetic landscape. Recent data suggest that, perhaps unexpectedly, some key epigenetic marks, and thereby gene expression, are regulated by the levels of specific metabolites. Hence, cellular metabolism plays a vital role beyond simply the production of energy, and may be involved in the regulation of cell fate. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic changes that occur during the transitions between different pluripotent states both in vitro and in vivo, including during reprogramming to pluripotency and the onset of differentiation, and we discuss the extent to which distinct metabolites might regulate these transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Lingan JV, Alanzalon RE, Porter GA. Preventing permeability transition pore opening increases mitochondrial maturation, myocyte differentiation and cardiac function in the neonatal mouse heart. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:932-941. [PMID: 28141792 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In embryonic myocytes, closure of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) drives mitochondrial maturation and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Since neonatal cardiac myocytes remain relatively immature, we hypothesized that inducing PTP closure at this age, by inhibiting the PTP regulator, cyclophilin D (CyPD), genetically or with Cyclosporin A (CsA) and NIM811, would increase cardiac function by increasing mitochondrial maturation and myocyte differentiation. METHODS Cultured neonatal myocytes or neonatal mice were treated for 5 d with vehicle, CsA or NIM811. Mitochondrial function and structure were measured in vitro. Myocyte differentiation was assessed by immunolabeling for contractile proteins. Cardiac function was determined using echocardiography. RESULTS The probability of PTP opening was high in WT neonatal myocytes. Treatment with CsA or NIM811 in vitro increased mitochondrial structural complexity and membrane potential, decreased reactive oxygen species levels, and increased myocyte differentiation. WT mice treated with either CsA or NIM811 in vivo for the first 5 d of life had higher ejection fractions. Deleting CyPD had similar effects as CsA and NIM811 on all parameters. CONCLUSIONS It may be feasible to inhibit the PTP using available drugs to increase mitochondrial maturation, myocyte differentiation, and cardiac function in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson V Lingan
- Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Benefits Health System, Great Falls, Montana.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Ryan E Alanzalon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - George A Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Sun X, Zhu H, Dong Z, Liu X, Ma X, Han S, Lu F, Wang P, Qian S, Wang C, Shen C, Zhao X, Zou Y, Ge J, Sun A. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 deficiency compromises therapeutic effect of ALDH bright cell on peripheral ischemia. Redox Biol 2017; 13:196-206. [PMID: 28582728 PMCID: PMC5458766 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autologous ALDH bright (ALDHbr) cell therapy for ischemic injury is clinically safe and effective, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the glycolysis dominant metabolism of ALDHbr cells is permissive to restore blood flow in an ischemic hind limb model compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs). PCR array analysis showed overtly elevated Aldh2 expression of ALDHbr cells following hypoxic challenge. Notably, ALDHbr cells therapy induced blood flow recovery in this model was reduced in case of ALDH2 deficiency. Moreover, significantly reduced glycolysis flux and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected in ALDHbr cell from Aldh2-/- mice. Compromised effect on blood flow recovery was also noticed post transplanting the human ALDHbr cell from ALDH2 deficient patients (GA or AA genotypes) in this ischemic hindlimb mice model. Taken together, our findings illustrate the indispensable role of ALDH2 in maintaining glycolysis dominant metabolism of ALDHbr cell and advocate that patient's Aldh2 genotype is a prerequisite for the efficacy of ALDHbr cell therapy for peripheral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shasha Han
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Pérez MJ, Quintanilla RA. Development or disease: duality of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Dev Biol 2017; 426:1-7. [PMID: 28457864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria is not only a dynamic organelle that produces ATP, but is also an important contributor to cell functions in both development and cell death processes. These paradoxical functions of mitochondria are partially regulated by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a high-conductance channel that can induce loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment of cellular calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and a decrease in ATP production upon pathological activation. Interestingly, despite their different etiologies, several neurodegenerative diseases and heart ischemic injuries share mitochondrial dysfunction as a common element. Generally, mitochondrial impairment is triggered by calcium deregulation that could lead to mPTP opening and cell death. Several studies have shown that opening of the mPTP not only induces mitochondrial damage and cell death, but is also a physiological mechanism involved in different cellular functions. The mPTP participates in regular calcium-release mechanisms that are required for proper metabolic regulation; it is hypothesized that the transient opening of this structure could be the principal mediator of cardiac and brain development. The mPTP also plays a role in protecting against different brain and cardiac disorders in the elderly population. Therefore, the aim of this work was to discuss different studies that show this controversial characteristic of the mPTP; although mPTP is normally associated with several pathological events, new critical findings suggest its importance in mitochondrial function and cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile.
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