1
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Fan W, Yang X, Hu X, Huang R, Shi H, Liu G. A novel conductive microtubule hydrogel for electrical stimulation of chronic wounds based on biological electrical wires. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:258. [PMID: 38755644 PMCID: PMC11097419 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is considered a promising therapy for chronic wounds via conductive dressing. However, the lack of a clinically suitable conductive dressing is a serious challenge. In this study, a suitable conductive biomaterial with favorable biocompatibility and conductivity was screened by means of an inherent structure derived from the body based on electrical conduction in vivo. Ions condensed around the surface of the microtubules (MTs) derived from the cell's cytoskeleton are allowed to flow in the presence of potential differences, effectively forming a network of biological electrical wires, which is essential to the bioelectrical communication of cells. We hypothesized that MT dressing could improve chronic wound healing via the conductivity of MTs applied by ES. We first developed an MT-MAA hydrogel by a double cross-linking method using UV and calcium chloride to improve chronic wound healing by ES. In vitro studies showed good conductivity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the MT-MAA hydrogel, as well as an elevated secretion of growth factors with enhanced cell proliferation and migration ability in response to ES. The in vivo experimental results from a full-thickness diabetic wound model revealed rapid wound closure within 7d in C57BL/6J mice, and the wound bed dressed by the MT-MAA hydrogel was shown to have promoted re-epithelization, enhanced angiogenesis, accelerated nerve growth, limited inflammation phases, and improved antibacterial effect under the ES treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that the MT-MAA hydrogel may be an ideal conductive dressing for chronic wound healing. Furthermore, biomaterials based on MTs may be also promising for treating other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongshuo Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guobin Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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Zhou J, Khateeb K, Yazdan-Shahmorad A. Early Intervention with Electrical Stimulation Reduces Neural Damage After Stroke in Non-human Primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572235. [PMID: 38187669 PMCID: PMC10769281 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological condition that results in significant mortality and long-term disability for adults, creating huge health burdens worldwide. For stroke patients, acute intervention offers the most critical therapeutic opportunity as it can reduce irreversible tissue injury and improve functional outcomes. However, currently available treatments within the acute window are highly limited. Although emerging neuromodulation therapies have been tested for chronic stroke patients, acute stimulation is rarely studied due to the risk of causing adverse effects related to ischemia-induced electrical instability. To address this gap, we combined electrophysiology and histology tools to investigate the effects of acute electrical stimulation on ischemic neural damage in non-human primates. Specifically, we induced photothrombotic lesions in the monkey sensorimotor cortex while collecting electrocorticography (ECoG) signals through a customized neural interface. Gamma activity in ECoG was used as an electrophysiological marker to track the effects of stimulation on neural activation. Meanwhile, histological analysis including Nissl, cFos, and microglial staining was performed to evaluate the tissue response to ischemic injury. Comparing stimulated monkeys to controls, we found that theta-burst stimulation administered directly adjacent to the ischemic infarct at 1 hour post-stroke briefly inhibits peri-infarct neuronal activation as reflected by decreased ECoG gamma power and cFos expression. Meanwhile, lower microglial activation and smaller lesion volumes were observed in animals receiving post-stroke stimulation. Together, these results suggest that acute electrical stimulation can be used safely and effectively as an early stroke intervention to reduce excitotoxicity and inflammation, thus mitigating neural damage and enhancing stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Karam Khateeb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
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3
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Liu R, Cao S, Cai Y, Zhou M, Gou X, Huang Y. Brain and serum metabolomic studies reveal therapeutic effects of san hua decoction in rats with ischemic stroke. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1289558. [PMID: 38098862 PMCID: PMC10720749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1289558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
San Hua Decoction (SHD) is a traditional four-herbal formula that has long been used to treat stroke. Our study used a traditional pharmacodynamic approach combined with systematic and untargeted metabolomics analyses to further investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of SHD on ischemic stroke (IS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operated, middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and SHD groups. The SHD group was provided with SHD (7.2 g/kg, i.g.) and the other three groups were provided with equal amounts of purified water once a day in the morning for 10 consecutive days. Our results showed that cerebral infarct volumes were reduced in the SHD group compared with the model group. Besides, SHD enhanced the activity of SOD and decreased MDA level in MCAO/R rats. Meanwhile, SHD could ameliorate pathological abnormalities by reducing neuronal damage, improving the structure of damaged neurons and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Metabolomic analysis of brain and serum samples with GC-MS techniques revealed 55 differential metabolites between the sham and model groups. Among them, the levels of 12 metabolites were restored after treatment with SHD. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that SHD improved the levels of 12 metabolites related to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, 9 of which were significantly associated with disease. SHD attenuated brain inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of SHD in MCAO/R rats are related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxuan Cao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
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4
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Lei R, Wang S, Liu A, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Ren J, Yao X, Kong X, Ma W, Che F, Chen J, Wan Q. Bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation promotes migration of subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts toward ischemic brain. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:277-286. [PMID: 37415929 PMCID: PMC10320846 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic insult stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) after stroke. However, only a fraction of NSC-derived neuroblasts from SVZ migrate toward poststroke brain region. We have previously reported that direct-current stimulation guides NSC migration toward the cathode in vitro. Accordingly, we set up a new method of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), in which the cathodal electrode is placed on the ischemic hemisphere and anodal electrode on the contralateral hemisphere of rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We show that the application of this bilateral tDCS (BtDCS) promotes the migration of NSC-derived neuroblasts from SVZ toward the cathode direction into poststroke striatum. Reversing the position of the electrodes blocks the effect of BtDCS on the migration of neuroblasts from SVZ. BtDCS protects against neuronal death and improves the functional recovery of stroke animals. Thus, the migration of NSC-derived neuroblasts from SVZ toward poststroke brain region contributes to the effect of BtDCS against ischemia-induced neuronal death, supporting a potential development of noninvasive BtDCS as an endogenous neurogenesis-based stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumour HospitalThe Affiliated Anyang Tumor Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyAnyangHenanChina
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Anchun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of NeurosurgeryQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of NeurosurgeryQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of NeurosurgeryQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wenlong Ma
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of NeurosurgeryQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Department of NeurologyLinyi People's Hospital, Qingdao UniversityLinyiShandongChina
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhantongji medical collof Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of NeurosurgeryQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Qingdao Gui‐Hong Intelligent Medical Technology Co. LtdQingdaoChina
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5
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Katoh K. Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Cell: Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Signal Transduction. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:medsci11010011. [PMID: 36810478 PMCID: PMC9944882 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the cell can have a number of different effects depending on the type of cell being stimulated. In general, electrical stimulation can cause the cell to become more active, increase its metabolism, and change its gene expression. For example, if the electrical stimulation is of low intensity and short duration, it may simply cause the cell to depolarize. However, if the electrical stimulation is of high intensity or long duration, it may cause the cell to become hyperpolarized. The electrical stimulation of cells is a process by which an electrical current is applied to cells in order to change their function or behavior. This process can be used to treat various medical conditions and has been shown to be effective in a number of studies. In this perspective, the effects of electrical stimulation on the cell are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba 305-8521, Japan
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6
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From Molecule to Patient Rehabilitation: The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation on Stroke-A Narrative Review. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:5044065. [PMID: 36895285 PMCID: PMC9991485 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5044065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major health problem worldwide, with numerous health, social, and economic implications for survivors and their families. One simple answer to this problem would be to ensure the best rehabilitation with full social reintegration. As such, a plethora of rehabilitation programs was developed and used by healthcare professionals. Among them, modern techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are being used and seem to bring improvements to poststroke rehabilitation. This success is attributed to their capacity to enhance cellular neuromodulation. This modulation includes the reduction of the inflammatory response, autophagy suppression, antiapoptotic effects, angiogenesis enhancement, alterations in the blood-brain barrier permeability, attenuation of oxidative stress, influence on neurotransmitter metabolism, neurogenesis, and enhanced structural neuroplasticity. The favorable effects have been demonstrated at the cellular level in animal models and are supported by clinical studies. Thus, these methods proved to reduce infarct volumes and to improve motor performance, deglutition, functional independence, and high-order cerebral functions (i.e., aphasia and heminegligence). However, as with every therapeutic method, these techniques can also have limitations. Their regimen of administration, the phase of the stroke at which they are applied, and the patients' characteristics (i.e., genotype and corticospinal integrity) seem to influence the outcome. Thus, no response or even worsening effects were obtained under certain circumstances both in animal stroke model studies and in clinical trials. Overall, weighing up risks and benefits, the new transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques can represent effective tools with which to improve the patients' recovery after stroke, with minimal to no adverse effects. Here, we discuss their effects and the molecular and cellular events underlying their effects as well as their clinical implications.
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7
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Bae S, Lim HK, Jeong Y, Kim SG, Park SM, Shon YM, Suh M. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus can alleviate seizure severity and induce hippocampal GABAergic neuronal changes in a pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse brain. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5530-5543. [PMID: 35258078 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has been widely used as an effective treatment for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Despite its promising clinical outcome, the exact mechanism of how ANT-DBS alleviates seizure severity has not been fully understood, especially at the cellular level. To assess effects of DBS, the present study examined electroencephalography (EEG) signals and locomotor behavior changes and conducted immunohistochemical analyses to examine changes in neuronal activity, number of neurons, and neurogenesis of inhibitory neurons in different hippocampal subregions. ANT-DBS alleviated seizure activity, abnormal locomotor behaviors, reduced theta-band, increased gamma-band EEG power in the interictal state, and increased the number of neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG). The number of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons was recovered to the level in DG and CA1 of naïve mice. Notably, BrdU-positive inhibitory neurons were increased. In conclusion, ANT-DBS not only could reduce the number of seizures, but also could induce neuronal changes in the hippocampus, which is a key region involved in chronic epileptogenesis. Importantly, our results suggest that ANT-DBS may lead to hippocampal subregion-specific cellular recovery of GABAergic inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Bae
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,IMNEWRUN Inc., N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Lim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoonyi Jeong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,IMNEWRUN Inc., N Center Bldg. A 5F, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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8
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Guidetti M, Arlotti M, Bocci T, Bianchi AM, Parazzini M, Ferrucci R, Priori A. Electric Fields Induced in the Brain by Transcranial Electric Stimulation: A Review of In Vivo Recordings. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102333. [PMID: 36289595 PMCID: PMC9598743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques, such as direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), cause neurophysiological and behavioral modifications as responses to the electric field are induced in the brain. Estimations of such electric fields are based mainly on computational studies, and in vivo measurements have been used to expand the current knowledge. Here, we review the current tDCS- and tACS-induced electric fields estimations as they are recorded in humans and non-human primates using intracerebral electrodes. Direct currents and alternating currents were applied with heterogeneous protocols, and the recording procedures were characterized by a tentative methodology. However, for the clinical stimulation protocols, an injected current seems to reach the brain, even at deep structures. The stimulation parameters (e.g., intensity, frequency and phase), the electrodes’ positions and personal anatomy determine whether the intensities might be high enough to affect both neuronal and non-neuronal cell activity, also deep brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guidetti
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Bocci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Parazzini
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Williams NP, Kushwah N, Dhawan V, Zheng XS, Cui XT. Effects of central nervous system electrical stimulation on non-neuronal cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:967491. [PMID: 36188481 PMCID: PMC9521315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.967491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in the clinical use of electrical stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) to treat an ever-growing number of conditions from Parkinson's disease (PD) to epilepsy as well as for sensory restoration and many other applications. However, little is known about the effects of microstimulation at the cellular level. Most of the existing research focuses on the effects of electrical stimulation on neurons. Other cells of the CNS such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells have been understudied in terms of their response to stimulation. The varied and critical functions of these cell types are now beginning to be better understood, and their vital roles in brain function in both health and disease are becoming better appreciated. To shed light on the importance of the way electrical stimulation as distinct from device implantation impacts non-neuronal cell types, this review will first summarize common stimulation modalities from the perspective of device design and stimulation parameters and how these different parameters have an impact on the physiological response. Following this, what is known about the responses of different cell types to different stimulation modalities will be summarized, drawing on findings from both clinical studies as well as clinically relevant animal models and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neetu Kushwah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xin Sally Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Tsui CT, Lal P, Fox KVR, Churchward MA, Todd KG. The effects of electrical stimulation on glial cell behaviour. BMC Biomed Eng 2022; 4:7. [PMID: 36057631 PMCID: PMC9441051 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-022-00064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural interface devices interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to substitute for some sort of functional deficit and improve quality of life for persons with disabilities. Design of safe, biocompatible neural interface devices is a fast-emerging field of neuroscience research. Development of invasive implant materials designed to directly interface with brain or spinal cord tissue has focussed on mitigation of glial scar reactivity toward the implant itself, but little exists in the literature that directly documents the effects of electrical stimulation on glial cells. In this review, a survey of studies documenting such effects has been compiled and categorized based on the various types of stimulation paradigms used and their observed effects on glia. A hybrid neuroscience cell biology-engineering perspective is offered to highlight considerations that must be made in both disciplines in the development of a safe implant. To advance knowledge on how electrical stimulation affects glia, we also suggest experiments elucidating electrochemical reactions that may occur as a result of electrical stimulation and how such reactions may affect glia. Designing a biocompatible stimulation paradigm should be a forefront consideration in the development of a device with improved safety and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Tsui
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Preet Lal
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Katelyn V R Fox
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Matthew A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, T5B 4E4, Canada
| | - Kathryn G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada.
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11
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Mojaverrostami S, Khadivi F, Zarini D, Mohammadi A. Combination effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on a cuprizone-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:817-831. [PMID: 35947228 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has no absolute treatment, and researchers are still exploring to introduce promising therapy for MS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is a safe, non-invasive procedure for brain stimulating which can enhance working memory, cognitive neurohabitation and motor recovery. Here, we evaluated the effects of tDCS treatment and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on remyelination ability of a Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model. tDCS significantly increased the motor coordination and balance abilities in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + tDCS + MSCs mice in comparison to the CPZ mice. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining showed that tDCS and MSCs transplantation could increase remyelination capacity in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + MSCs mice compared to the CPZ mice. But, the effect of tDCS with MSCs transplantation on remyelination process was larger than each of treatment alone. Immunofluorescence technique indicated that the numbers of Olig2+ cells were increased by tDCS and MSCs transplantation in CPZ + tDCS and CPZ + MSCs mice compared to the CPZ mice. Interestingly, the combination effect of tDCS and MSCs was larger than each of treatment alone on Oligodendrocytes population. MSCs transplantation significantly decreased the TUNEL+ cells in CPZ + MSCs and CPZ + tDCS + MSCs mice in comparison to the CPZ mice. Also, the combination effects of tDCS and MSCs transplantation was much larger than each of treatment alone on increasing the mRNA expression of BDNF and Sox2, while decreasing P53 as compared to CPZ mice. It can be concluded that the combination usage of tDCS and MSCs transplantation enhance remyelination process in CPZ-treated mice by increasing transplanted stem cell homing, oligodendrocyte generation and decreasing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mojaverrostami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Khadivi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Zhou J, Khateeb K, Gala A, Rahimi M, Griggs DJ, Ip Z, Yazdan-Shahmorad A. Neuroprotective Effects of Electrical Stimulation Following Ischemic Stroke in Non-Human Primates. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3085-3088. [PMID: 36085944 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain stimulation has emerged as a novel therapy for ischemic stroke, a major cause of brain injury that often results in lifelong disability. Although past works in rodents have demonstrated protective effects of stimulation following stroke, few of these results have been replicated in humans due to the anatomical differences between rodent and human brains and a limited understanding of stimulation-induced network changes. Therefore, we combined electrophysiology and histology to study the neuroprotective mechanisms of electrical stimulation following cortical ischemic stroke in non-human primates. To produce controlled focal lesions, we used the photothrombotic method to induce targeted vasculature damage in the sensorimotor cortices of two macaques while collecting electrocorticography (ECoG) signals bilaterally. In another two monkeys, we followed the same lesioning procedures and applied repeated electrical stimulation via an ECoG electrode adjacent to the lesion. We studied the protective effects of stimulation on neural dynamics using ECoG signal power and coherence. In addition, we performed histological analysis to evaluate the differences in lesion volume. In comparison to controls, the ECoG signals showed decreased gamma power across the sensorimotor cortices in stimulated animals. Meanwhile, Nissl staining revealed smaller lesion volumes for the stimulated group, suggesting that electrical stimulation may exert neuroprotection by suppressing post-ischemic neural activity. With the similarity between NHP and human brains, this study paves the path for developing effective stimulation-based therapy for acute stroke in clinical studies.
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13
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Kaviannejad R, Karimian SM, Riahi E, Ashabi G. Using dual polarities of transcranial direct current stimulation in global cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period attenuates neuronal injury. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1503-1516. [PMID: 35499797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neuronal injury pathways are activated during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This study was designed to decrease potential neuronal injuries by using both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) polarities in cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period. Ninety rats were randomly divided into six groups. In the sham group, rats were intact. In the I/R group, global cerebral I/R was only induced. In the I/R + c-tDCS and I/R + a-tDCS groups, cathodal and anodal currents were applied, respectively. In the I/R + c/a-tDCS, cathodal current was used in the cerebral ischemia and anodal in the reperfusion. In the I/R + a/c-tDCS group, cathodal and anodal currents were applied in the I/R, respectively. Hippocampal tissue was used to determine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NOS, SOD, MDA, and NMDAR. Hot plate and open field tests evaluated sensory and locomotor performances. The cerebral edema was also measured. Histological assessment was assessed by H/E and Nissl staining of the hippocampal CA1 region. All tDCS modes significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels, especially in the c/a-tDCS. All tDCS caused a significant decrease in MDA and NOS levels while increasing SOD activity compared to the I/R group, especially in the c/a-tDCS mode. In the c-tDCS and a/c-tDCS groups, the NMDAR level was significantly decreased. The c/a-tDCS group improved sensory and locomotor performances more than other groups receiving tDCS. Furthermore, the least neuronal death was observed in the c/a-tDCS mode. Using two different polarities of tDCS could induce more neuroprotective versus pathophysiological pathways in cerebral I/R, especially in c/a-tDCS mode. HIGHLIGHTS: Multiple pathways of neuronal injury are activated in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Using tDCS could modulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pathways in global cerebral I/R. Using c/a-tDCS mode during cerebral I/R causes more neuroprotective effects against neuronal injuries of cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kaviannejad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kaviannejad R, Karimian SM, Riahi E, Ashabi G. The neuroprotective effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion via modulating apoptotic pathways. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:70-78. [PMID: 35654262 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, subsequent hyperthermia, and hyperglycemia lead to neural damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of using cathodal and/or anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in different stages of ischemia-reperfusion on apoptosis and controlling hyperthermia and hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 78 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=13), including sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS), cathodal-tDCS (c-tDCS), anodal/cathodal-tDCS (a/c-tDCS), and cathodal/anodal-tDCS (c/a-tDCS) groups. Global cerebral I/R was induced in all of the groups except for sham group. In a-tDCS and c-tDCS groups, the rats received anodal and cathodal currents in both I/R stages, respectively. In a/c-tDCS group, the rats received anodal current during the ischemia and cathodal current during the reperfusion. The c/a-tDCS group received the currents in the reverse order. The current intensity of 400µA was applied in ischemia phase (15min) and reperfusion phase (30min, twice a day). Body temperature and plasma blood sugar were measured daily. Rats were also tested for novel object recognition and passive avoidance memory. The apoptosis of hippocampal tissue was evaluated by measuring Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS All tDCS significantly reduced hyperthermia and hyperglycemia, as well as Bax and Caspase-3 levels, it also increased Bcl-2 expression. The preliminary results from c/a-tDCS mode could improve the expression of apoptotic markers, memory function, hyperthermia, and hyperglycemia control and reduce DNA fragmentation compared to other stimulatory therapies. CONCLUSION All tDCS modes could save neurons by suppressing apoptotic and enhancing anti-apoptotic pathways, especially in the c/a tDCS mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kaviannejad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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O’Hara-Wright M, Mobini S, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Bioelectric Potential in Next-Generation Organoids: Electrical Stimulation to Enhance 3D Structures of the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901652. [PMID: 35656553 PMCID: PMC9152151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid models of the central nervous system represent one of the most exciting areas in in vitro tissue engineering. Classically, organoids of the brain, retina and spinal cord have been generated via recapitulation of in vivo developmental cues, including biochemical and biomechanical. However, a lesser studied cue, bioelectricity, has been shown to regulate central nervous system development and function. In particular, electrical stimulation of neural cells has generated some important phenotypes relating to development and differentiation. Emerging techniques in bioengineering and biomaterials utilise electrical stimulation using conductive polymers. However, state-of-the-art pluripotent stem cell technology has not yet merged with this exciting area of bioelectricity. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field of bioelectricity relating to the central nervous system, possible mechanisms, and how electrical stimulation may be utilised as a novel technique to engineer “next-generation” organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Hara-Wright
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anai Gonzalez-Cordero,
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16
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Kunugi H, Tikhonova M. Recent advances in understanding depressive disorder: Possible relevance to brain stimulation therapies. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 270:123-147. [PMID: 35396024 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has provided novel insights into the major depressive disorder (MDD) and identified certain biomarkers of this disease. There are four main mechanisms playing a key role in the related pathophysiology, namely (1) monoamine systems dysfunction, (2) stress response, (3) neuroinflammation, and (4) neurotrophic factors alteration. Robust evidence on the decreased homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MDD supports a rationale for therapeutic stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle activating the dopamine reward system. Both activation and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in MDD and related conditions indicate usefulness of its evaluation for the disease subtyping. Elevated proinflammatory cytokines (specifically, interleukin-6) in CSF imply the role of neuroinflammation resulting in activation of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Finally, neuroplasticity and trophic effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be related to both structural abnormalities of the brain in MDD and the underlying mechanisms of various therapies. In addition, the gut-brain interaction is pivotal, since lack of beneficial microbes confer the risk of MDD through negative effects on the dopamine system, HPA axis, and vagal nerve. All these factors may be highly relevant to treatment of MDD with contemporary brain stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Maria Tikhonova
- Laboratory of the Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (SRINM), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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17
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A Single Immediate Use of the Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Induces Neuroprotection of Hippocampal Region Against Global Cerebral Ischemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106241. [PMID: 34983004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Global cerebral ischemia (CI) causes severe neuronal injury, mainly in the hippocampal CA1 region. This study aimed to investigate an immediate using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in reducing neuronal injury induced by CI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 32 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group). In the ischemia group (I), CI was induced via the 4-vessel occlusion model. In the sham group (Sh), rats did not receive any intervention. In the ischemia+cathodal group (I+c/tDCS), the cathodal current was applied during CI. In the ischemia+anodal group (I+a/tDCS), the anodal current was applied. The current intensity of 400 μA was applied for 15-min during the ischemia. Hippocampal tissue was used to assess levels of NMDAR, IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, NOS, and apoptosis markers. Histological assessment and TUNEL staining were performed in CA1 hippocampal region. RESULTS The c/tDCS significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than the I and a/tDCS groups. The c/tDCS significantly reduced MDA and NOS levels, while increasing the level of SOD than the I and a/tDCS. The c/tDCS caused a significant decrease in NMDAR level than the a/tDCS. Using c/tDCS significantly reduced the Bax and Caspase-3 expressions, while increasing the Bcl-2 expression than the I group. In the c/tDCS group, DNA fragmentation and neuronal death were significantly lower than the I and a/tDCS groups. CONCLUSION Using cathodal a direct current could attenuate primary pathophysiological pathways induced by CI, and it eventually reduced neurons death and apoptosis in the CA1 hippocampal region.
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18
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Wang LC, Wei WY, Ho PC, Wu PY, Chu YP, Tsai KJ. Somatosensory Cortical Electrical Stimulation After Reperfusion Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Rat Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:741168. [PMID: 34867274 PMCID: PMC8632773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.741168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. Early reperfusion by thrombolysis or thrombectomy has improved the outcome of acute ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic window for reperfusion therapy is narrow, and adjuvant therapy for neuroprotection is demanded. Electrical stimulation (ES) has been reported to be neuroprotective in many neurological diseases. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of early somatosensory cortical ES in the acute stage of ischemia/reperfusion injury was evaluated. Methods: In this study, the rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to explore the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanisms of direct primary somatosensory (S1) cortex ES with an electric current of 20 Hz, 2 ms biphasic pulse, 100 μA for 30 min, starting at 30 min after reperfusion. Results: These results showed that S1 cortical ES after reperfusion decreased infarction volume and improved functional outcome. The number of activated microglia, astrocytes, and cleaved caspase-3 positive neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury were reduced, demonstrating that S1 cortical ES alleviates inflammation and apoptosis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were upregulated in the penumbra area, suggesting that BDNF/TrkB signals and their downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway play roles in ES-related neuroprotection. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that somatosensory cortical ES soon after reperfusion can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury and is a promising adjuvant therapy for thrombolytic treatment after acute ischemic stroke. Advanced techniques and devices for high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation still deserve further development in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chao Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ping Chu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Chu E, Mychasiuk R, Hibbs ML, Semple BD. Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in microglia: shaping chronic neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:276. [PMID: 34838047 PMCID: PMC8627624 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are integral mediators of innate immunity within the mammalian central nervous system. Typical microglial responses are transient, intending to restore homeostasis by orchestrating the removal of pathogens and debris and the regeneration of damaged neurons. However, prolonged and persistent microglial activation can drive chronic neuroinflammation and is associated with neurodegenerative disease. Recent evidence has revealed that abnormalities in microglial signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) may contribute to altered microglial activity and exacerbated neuroimmune responses. In this scoping review, the known and suspected roles of PI3K-AKT signaling in microglia, both during health and pathological states, will be examined, and the key microglial receptors that induce PI3K-AKT signaling in microglia will be described. Since aberrant signaling is correlated with neurodegenerative disease onset, the relationship between maladapted PI3K-AKT signaling and the development of neurodegenerative disease will also be explored. Finally, studies in which microglial PI3K-AKT signaling has been modulated will be highlighted, as this may prove to be a promising therapeutic approach for the future treatment of a range of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erskine Chu
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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20
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Chen Z, Li M, Zhang D, Yang L, Li H. Research Progress of Electrical Stimulation in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761877. [PMID: 34805318 PMCID: PMC8595213 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a considerable health burden worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. Treatments for IHD are mainly focused on decreasing oxygen demand or increasing myocardial oxygen supply, including pharmacological, interventional, and surgical treatment, but there are also some limitations. Therefore, it is important to find a simple, effective, and economical treatment. As non-invasive and safe physiotherapy, electrical stimulation (ES) has a promising application in the treatment of IHD. Current studies suggest that ES can affect the occurrence and development of IHD by promoting angiogenesis, regulating autophagy and apoptosis, inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this review, we focus predominantly on the mechanism of ES and the current progress of ES therapy in IHD, furthermore, give a brief introduction to the forms of ES in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Manman Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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21
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Kim K, Yoo SJ, Kim SY, Lee T, Lim SH, Jang JE, Je M, Moon C, Choi JW. Subthreshold electrical stimulation as a low power electrical treatment for stroke rehabilitation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14048. [PMID: 34234199 PMCID: PMC8263745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising future treatment for stroke rehabilitation, researchers have developed direct brain stimulation to manipulate the neural excitability. However, there has been less interest in energy consumption and unexpected side effect caused by electrical stimulation to bring functional recovery for stroke rehabilitation. In this study, we propose an engineering approach with subthreshold electrical stimulation (STES) to bring functional recovery. Here, we show a low level of electrical stimulation boosted causal excitation in connected neurons and strengthened the synaptic weight in a simulation study. We found that STES with motor training enhanced functional recovery after stroke in vivo. STES was shown to induce neural reconstruction, indicated by higher neurite expression in the stimulated regions and correlated changes in behavioral performance and neural spike firing pattern during the rehabilitation process. This will reduce the energy consumption of implantable devices and the side effects caused by stimulating unwanted brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Kim
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Yoo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taeju Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lim
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Jang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minkyu Je
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea. .,Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea. .,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea.
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22
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Kubelt C, Molkewehrum H, Lucius R, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J, Helmers AK. Influence of Simulated Deep Brain Stimulation on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Central Nervous System Cells In Vitro. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:169-182. [PMID: 34216357 PMCID: PMC9117383 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) seems to modulate inflammatory processes. Whether this modulation leads to an induction or suppression of inflammatory mediators is still controversially discussed. Most studies of the influence of electrical stimulation on inflammation were conducted in rodent models with direct current stimulation and/or long impulses, both of which differ from the pattern in DBS. This makes comparisons with the clinical condition difficult. We established an in-vitro model that simulated clinical stimulation patterns to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on proliferation and survival of human astroglial cells, microglia, and differentiated neurons. We also examined its influence on the expression of the inflammatory mediators C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)12, CXCL16, CC-chemokin-ligand-2 (CCL)2, CCL20, and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by these cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence double staining. In our model, electrical stimulation did not affect proliferation or survival of the examined cell lines. There was a significant upregulation of CXCL12 in the astrocyte cell line SVGA, and of IL-1β in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Our model allowed a valid examination of chemokines and cytokines associated with inflammation in human brain cells. With it, we detected the induction of inflammatory mediators by electrical stimulation in astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kubelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henri Molkewehrum
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Helmers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, House D, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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23
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Targeting Common Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Stroke and Alzheimer's: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1589-1612. [PMID: 34169405 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two inter-related disorders that affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. Alzheimer's is a disease by undefined origin and causes. Stroke and its most common type, ischemic stroke (IS), occurs due to the blockade of cerebral blood vessels. As an important feature, both of disorders are associated with irreversible damages to the brain and nervous system. In this regard, finding common signaling pathways and the same molecular origin between these two diseases may be a promising way for their solution. On the basis of literature appraisal, the most common signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and stroke including notch, autophagy, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways were reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies including natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals aiming modulation of respective signaling factors were scrutinized to ameliorate neural deficits in AD and stroke. Taken together, digging deeper in the common connections and signal targeting can be greatly helpful in understanding and unified treating of these disorders.
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Qin S, Tang H, Li W, Gong Y, Li S, Huang J, Fang Y, Yuan W, Liu Y, Wang S, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z. AMPK and its Activator Berberine in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5054-5066. [PMID: 32445451 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200523172334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are heterogeneous diseases associated with either acute or progressive neurodegeneration, causing the loss of neurons and axons in the central nervous system (CNS), showing high morbidity and mortality, and there are only a few effective therapies. Here, we summarized that the energy sensor adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its agonist berberine can combat the common underlying pathological events of neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disorder, glutamate excitotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy disorder, and disruption of neurovascular units. The abovementioned effects of berberine may primarily depend on activating AMPK and its downstream targets, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). It is hoped that this review will provide a strong basis for further scientific exploration and development of berberine's therapeutic potential against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Qin
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiling Tang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Yuan
- The First people’s hospital of Lanzhou city, Gansu, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Moslemi Haghighi F, Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Razeghi M, Shariat A, Bagheri Z, Rezaei K. The Effect of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Functional Indices of Affected Upper Limb in Patients with Subacute Stroke. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:175-184. [PMID: 33937125 PMCID: PMC8064128 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel technique that may improve recovery in patients with stoke, but the role of rTMS as an applied and practical treatment modality for stroke rehabilitation has not been established yet. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of a rehabilitation program (RP) in conjunction with rTMS on functional indices of the paretic upper limb in the subacute phase of stroke. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty patients in the subacute phase of stroke were randomly assigned into two groups: The high frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) in conjunction with RP (experimental group), and the RP group (control group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 20 Hz rTMS on the affected primary motor cortex and the other group received 10 sessions of RP. In experimental group, RP for the paretic hand was conducted following rTMS session. Box and block test (BBT), Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment for upper limb (FMA-UL), grip strength and pinch strength were used to assess motor function before the first session and after the last session of treatment. Results: Significant improvement in BBT, FMA-UL, grip strength and pinch strength was observed in both groups. Improvement of BBT and grip strength was significantly greater in the experimental group rather than the control group (p<0.05). FMA-UL score and the pinch strength were greater in the experimental group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: HF-rTMS in conjunction with RP is effective to improve the function of upper limb. It seems HF-rTMS is a novel feasible and safe technique for hemiparesis patients in the subacute phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi
- PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad
- PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Shariat
- MD, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MD, Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bagheri
- PhD, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katayoon Rezaei
- PhD, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jackson TL, Mandava N, Quiroz-Mercado H, Benage M, Garcia-Aguirre G, Morales-Canton V, Wilbur L, Olson J. Intravitreal quantum dots for retinitis pigmentosa: a first-in-human safety study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:617-626. [PMID: 33739144 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies indicate that electrical stimulation of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) retina is beneficial. Quantum dots (QDs) can convert light to electrical stimulus and therefore may have therapeutic potential for RP. Methods: This was an open-label, fellow eye-controlled, first-in-human safety study. Five adults with end-stage (arm A) and 15 with severe (arm B) RP received one or two intravitreal injections of 0.2 or 2μM cadmium/selenium 655 Alt QDs. Results: No adverse events were attributed to QDs. In arm A, median best corrected visual acuity was unchanged. In arm B, mean best corrected visual acuity improved from 6/398 to 6/177, versus 6/147 to 6/144 in the fellow eye. Conclusion: Intravitreal QDs can be safely administered to patients with RP. Vision appears to benefit and further validating studies are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Jackson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Naresh Mandava
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Matthew Benage
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Aguirre
- Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, Mexico City 04030, Mexico.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Olson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
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Jassim AH, Cavanaugh M, Shah JS, Willits R, Inman DM. Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Reduces Neurodegenerative Process in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:858-870. [PMID: 32974756 PMCID: PMC7854493 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease in which the retinal ganglion cell axons of the optic nerve degenerate concomitant with synaptic changes in the retina, leading finally to death of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Electrical stimulation has been used to improve neural regeneration in a variety of systems, including in diseases of the retina. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate whether transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) in the DBA2/J mouse model of glaucoma could improve retinal or optic nerve pathology and serve as a minimally invasive treatment option. Mice (10 months-old) received 21 sessions of TES over 8 weeks, after which we evaluated RGC number, axon number, and anterograde axonal transport using histology and immunohistochemistry. To gain insight into the mechanism of proposed protection, we also evaluated inflammation by quantifying CD3+ T-cells and Iba1+ microglia; perturbations in metabolism were shown via the ratio pAMPK to AMPK, and changes in trophic support were tested using protein capillary electrophoresis. We found that TES resulted in RGC axon protection, a reduction in inflammatory cells and their activation, improved energy homeostasis, and a reduction of the cell death-associated p75NTR. Collectively, the data indicated that TES maintained axons, decreased inflammation, and increased trophic factor support, in the form of receptor presence and energy homeostasis, suggesting that electrical stimulation impacts several facets of the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assraa Hassan Jassim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - McKay Cavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Willits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Denise M Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, UNT-HSC, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Mesencephalic Electrical Stimulation Reduces Neuroinflammation after Photothrombotic Stroke in Rats by Targeting the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031254. [PMID: 33514001 PMCID: PMC7865599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial in the pathophysiology of stroke and thus a promising therapeutic target. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) reduces perilesional inflammation after photothrombotic stroke (PTS). However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Since distinct neural and immune cells respond to electrical stimulation by releasing acetylcholine, we hypothesize that HFS might trigger the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR). To test this hypothesis, rats underwent PTS and implantation of a microelectrode into the MLR. Three hours after intervention, either HFS or sham-stimulation of the MLR was applied for 24 h. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1α were quantified by cytometric bead array. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ CD4+-cells and α7nAchR+-cells were quantified visually using immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of NFĸB, ERK1/2, Akt, and Stat3 was determined by Western blot analyses. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1α were decreased in the perilesional area of stimulated rats compared to controls. The number of ChAT+ CD4+-cells increased after MLR-HFS, whereas the amount of α7nAchR+-cells was similar in both groups. Phospho-ERK1/2 was reduced significantly in stimulated rats. The present study suggests that MLR-HFS may trigger anti-inflammatory processes within the perilesional area by modulating the cholinergic system, probably via activation of the α7nAchR.
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Iwasa SN, Shi HH, Hong SH, Chen T, Marquez-Chin M, Iorio-Morin C, Kalia SK, Popovic MR, Naguib HE, Morshead CM. Novel Electrode Designs for Neurostimulation in Regenerative Medicine: Activation of Stem Cells. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:348-361. [PMID: 34471854 PMCID: PMC8370381 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (i.e., neural precursors) are found within specific regions in the central nervous system and have great regenerative capacity. These cells are electrosensitive and their behavior can be regulated by the presence of electric fields (EFs). Electrical stimulation is currently used to treat neurological disorders in a clinical setting. Herein we propose that electrical stimulation can be used to enhance neural repair by regulating neural precursor cell (NPC) kinetics and promoting their migration to sites of injury or disease. We discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect NPC migration in the presence of an EF and how this impacts electrode design with the goal of enhancing tissue regeneration. We conclude with an outlook on future clinical applications of electrical stimulation and highlight technological advances that would greatly support these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - HaoTian H Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sung Hwa Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa Marquez-Chin
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Turner DA, Degan S, Galeffi F, Schmidt S, Peterchev AV. Rapid, Dose-Dependent Enhancement of Cerebral Blood Flow by transcranial AC Stimulation in Mouse. Brain Stimul 2020; 14:80-87. [PMID: 33217607 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial electrical stimulation at an appropriate dose may demonstrate intracranial effects, including neuronal stimulation and cerebral blood flow responses. OBJECTIVE We performed in vivo experiments on mouse cortex using transcranial alternating current [AC] stimulation to assess whether cerebral blood flow can be reliably altered by extracranial stimulation. METHODS We performed transcranial AC electrical stimulation transversely across the closed skull in anesthetized mice, measuring transcranial cerebral blood flow with a laser Doppler probe and intracranial electrical responses as endpoint biomarkers. We calculated a stimulation dose-response function between intracranial electric field and cerebral blood flow. RESULTS Stimulation at electric field amplitudes of 5-20 mV/mm at 10-20 Hz rapidly increased cerebral blood flow (within 100 ms), which then quickly decreased with no residual effects. The time to peak and blood flow shape varied with stimulation intensity and duration, showing a linear correlation between stimulation dose and peak blood flow increase. Neither afterdischarges nor spreading depression occurred from this level of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Extracranial stimulation amplitudes sufficient to evoke reliable blood flow changes require electric field strengths higher than what is tolerable in unanesthetized humans (<1 mV/mm), but less than electroconvulsive therapy levels (>40 mV/mm). However, anesthesia effects, spontaneous blood flow fluctuations, and sampling error may accentuate the apparent field strength needed for enhanced blood flow. The translation to a human dose-response function to augment cerebral blood flow (i.e., in stroke recovery) will require significant modification, potentially to pericranial, focused, multi-electrode application or intracranial stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Turner
- Neurosurgery, Duke University, USA; Neurobiology, Duke University, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA; Surgery and Research Branches, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Simone Degan
- Neurosurgery, Duke University, USA; Surgery and Research Branches, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Francesca Galeffi
- Neurosurgery, Duke University, USA; Surgery and Research Branches, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Stephen Schmidt
- Neurosurgery, Duke University, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Neurosurgery, Duke University, USA; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, USA; Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, USA
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Acute neuromodulation restores spinally-induced motor responses after severe spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Optogenetic translocation of protons out of penumbral neurons is protective in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:881-890. [PMID: 32289721 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular acidosis in the ischemic penumbra can contribute to further cell death, effectively enlarging the infarct core. Restoring the acid-base balance may enhance tissue survivability after cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether translocating protons out of penumbral neurons could mitigate tissue acidification and induce neuroprotection in a rodent model of acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS We modulated the penumbral neurons via a light-driven pump to translocate protons out (i.e., archaerhodopsin/ArchT group) or into (i.e., channelrhodopsin-2/ChR2 group) neurons after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Intracellular pH values were imaged via neutral red (NR) fluorescence and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored through laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Global CBF responses to electrical stimulation of the hindlimbs were obtained 24 h and 48 h after ischemia to assess neurological function. Behavioral and histological outcomes were evaluated 48 h after ischemia. A control group without gene modification was included. RESULTS The reduction of relative pH (RpH), the amplitude of negative peak of hypoemic response (RNP) and the hemispheric lateralization index (LI) in ArchT group were significantly less than those of the ChR2 or control group. Moreover, RpH was strongly correlated with RNP (r = 0.60) and LI (r24h = 0.80, r48h = 0.59). In addition, behavioral and histological results supported a neuroprotective effect of countering neuronal acidosis in penumbra through optogenetic stimulation. CONCLUSION(S) These results indicate that countering intracellular acidosis by optogenetically translocating protons out of penumbral neurons during the acute ischemic stage could induce protection after ischemic brain injury.
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Li H, Dong X, Yang Y, Jin M, Cheng W. The Neuroprotective Mechanism of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:43-48. [PMID: 32114698 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery can lead to severe lower limb neurologic defect. The preliminary result of our study suggested that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) postconditioning effectively protected spinal cord from I/R injury on rabbits. But the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of SCS postconditioning. METHOD New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into sham, I/R, I/R + 2 Hz SCS, and I/R + 50 Hz SCS group (n = 24/group). Transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by infrarenal aortic balloon occlusion and performed on all rabbits except rabbits of sham group. Rabbits of I/R group received no further intervention. Rabbits of I/R + 2 Hz SCS and I/R + 50 Hz SCS group received 2 Hz or 50 Hz SCS for 30 min at the onset of reperfusion and then daily. The expression of Akt (serine-threonine kinase)/p-Akt, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)/p-STAT3 and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase)/p-GSK-3β of spinal cord were measured by Western blot analysis at 8 h, 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day of reperfusion. RESULT The Akt expressions of sham, I/R, I/R + 2 Hz SCS, and I/R + 50 Hz SCS group were not significantly different at all prescribed time points, while the p-Akt expression of I/R + 2 Hz SCS group was significantly higher than that of I/R group and sham group at all prescribed time points; The STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression of I/R, I/R + 2 Hz SCS, and I/R + 50 Hz SCS group were not significantly different at all prescribed time points except that at 1day of reperfusion the p-STAT3 expression of I/R + 50 Hz SCS group was significantly lower than I/R group. The GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β expressions of I/R, I/R + 2 Hz SCS and I/R + 50 Hz SCS group were not significantly different at all prescribed time points. CONCLUSION The neuroprotective effect of 2 Hz SCS postconditioning in spinal cord I/R injury is related to Akt activation but not regulation of STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Tao F, Zhu J, Duan L, Wu J, Zhang J, Yao K, Bo J, Zu H. Anti-inflammatory effects of doxepin hydrochloride against LPS-induced C6-glioma cell inflammatory reaction by PI3K-mediated Akt signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22424. [PMID: 31743544 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may have anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects in addition to its antidepressant effects. So far, the nonantidepressant effects of TCAs and their molecular pharmacological mechanisms remain completely unclear. Chronic inflammation in the brain parenchyma may be related to the pathogenesis and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. As a common antidepressant and anti-insomnia drug, doxepin also may be a potential anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant drug, so the study on the anti-inflammatory protective effect of doxepin and its molecular mechanism has become a very important issue in pharmacology and clinical medicine. Further elucidating the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of doxepin and its molecular mechanism may provide the important theoretical and clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disease. This study was designed to understand the glio-protective mechanism of doxepin against the inflammatory damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in C6-glioma cells. We found the treatment of C6-glioma cells with LPS results in deleterious effects, including the augmentation of inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β), and suppresses the Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, our outcomes demonstrated that doxepin was able to suppress these effects induced by LPS, through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. To sum up, these results highlight the potential role of doxepin against neuroinflammatory-related disease in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimei Bo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengbing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu B, Cao W, Xue J. LncRNA ANRIL protects against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in PC-12 cells: potential role in ischaemic stroke. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1384-1395. [PMID: 31174432 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1596944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
lncRNA ANRIL was reported to be closely related to ischaemic stroke (IS). In this study, we used oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to stimulate rat adrenal medulla-derived pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 to construct an in vitro IS cell model and investigated the role of ANRIL and the underlying mechanism. PC-12 cells were stimulated by OGD and/or transfected with pc-ANRIL, si-ANRIL, miR-127 mimic, miR-127 inhibitor, pEX-Mcl-1, sh-Mcl-1 and their negative controls. Cell viability, apoptosis, mRNA and protein expression was detected using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results showed that OGD-induced PC-12 cell injury and decreased ANRIL expression. ANRIL overexpression significantly reduced OGD-induced PC-12 cell injury evidenced by increasing cell viability and decreasing apoptosis, while ANRIL silence led to the opposite results. Meanwhile, dysregulation of ANRIL altered the expression of apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, ANRIL negatively regulated miR-127 expression. miR-127 overexpression significantly enhanced OGD-induced PC-12 cell injury. In addition, Mcl-1 expression was negatively regulated by miR-127, besides ANRIL up-regulated Mcl-1 expression by down-regulation of miR-127. Mcl-1 overexpression alleviated cell injury and miR-127 silence up-regulated Mcl-1 expression. In conclusion, lncRNA ANRIL alleviated OGD-induced PC-12 cell injury as evidenced. PI3K/AKT pathway might be involved in this regulating progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Wei Cao
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
| | - Jian Xue
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
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Yasuhara T, Kawauchi S, Kin K, Morimoto J, Kameda M, Sasaki T, Bonsack B, Kingsbury C, Tajiri N, Borlongan CV, Date I. Cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Current obstacles to progress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:595-602. [PMID: 31622035 PMCID: PMC7248543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent advances in iPS, adult tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells remain the widely used donor for cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated and amplified toward the cells' unique trophic factor‐secretion property. In this review article, the milestone achievements of cell therapy for central nervous system disorders, with equal consideration on the present translational obstacles for clinic application, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawauchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Aichi, Japan
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
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Bahr Hosseini M, Hou J, Bikson M, Iacoboni M, Gornbein J, Saver JL. Central Nervous System Electrical Stimulation for Neuroprotection in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Stroke 2019; 50:2892-2901. [PMID: 31480966 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Brain electrical stimulation, widely studied to facilitate recovery from stroke, has also been reported to confer direct neuroprotection in preclinical models of acute cerebral ischemia. Systematic review of controlled preclinical acute cerebral ischemia studies would aid in planning for initial human clinical trials. Methods- A systematic Medline search identified controlled, preclinical studies of central nervous system electrical stimulation in acute cerebral ischemia. Studies were categorized among 6 stimulation strategies. Three strategies applied different stimulation types to tissues within the ischemic zone (cathodal hemispheric stimulation [CHS], anodal hemispheric stimulation, and pulsed hemispheric stimulation), and 3 strategies applied deep brain stimulation to different neuronal targets remote from the ischemic zone (fastigial nucleus stimulation, subthalamic vasodilator area stimulation, and dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation). Random-effects meta-analysis assessed electrical stimulation modification of final infarct volume. Study-level risk of bias and intervention-level readiness-for-translation were assessed using formal rating scales. Results- Systematic search identified 28 experiments in 21 studies, including a total of 350 animals, of electrical stimulation in preclinical acute cerebral ischemia. Overall, in animals undergoing electrical stimulation, final infarct volumes were reduced by 37% (95% CI, 34%-40%; P<0.001), compared with control. There was evidence of heterogeneity of efficacy among stimulation strategies (I2=93.1%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). Among the within-ischemic zone stimulation strategies, only CHS significantly reduced the infarct volume (27 %; 95% CI, 22%-33%; P<0.001); among the remote-from ischemic zone approaches, all (fastigial nucleus stimulation, subthalamic vasodilator area stimulation, and dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation) reduced infarct volumes by approximately half. On formal rating scales, CHS studies had the lowest risk of bias, and CHS had the highest overall quality of intervention-level evidence supporting readiness to proceed to clinical testing. Conclusions- Electrical stimulation reduces final infarct volume across preclinical studies. CHS shows the most robust evidence and is potentially appropriate for progression to early-stage human clinical trial testing as a promising neuroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Bahr Hosseini
- From the Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (M.B.H., J.H., J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Jesse Hou
- From the Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (M.B.H., J.H., J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (CCNY) (M.B.)
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (M.I.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Jeffrey Gornbein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (CCNY) (M.B.)
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center (M.B.H., J.H., J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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Schuhmann MK, Stoll G, Bohr A, Volkmann J, Fluri F. Electrical Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Attenuates Neuronal Loss and Cytokine Expression in the Perifocal Region of Photothrombotic Stroke in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092341. [PMID: 31083528 PMCID: PMC6540310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) improves the motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and experimental stroke by intervening in the motor cerebral network. Whether high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the MLR is involved in non-motor processes, such as neuroprotection and inflammation in the area surrounding the photothrombotic lesion, has not been elucidated. This study evaluates whether MLR-HFS exerts an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effect on the border zone of cerebral photothrombotic stroke. Rats underwent photothrombotic stroke of the right sensorimotor cortex and the implantation of a microelectrode into the ipsilesional MLR. After intervention, either HFS or sham stimulation of the MLR was applied for 24 h. The infarct volumes were calculated from consecutive brain sections. Neuronal apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry determined the perilesional inflammatory response. Neuronal apoptosis was significantly reduced in the ischemic penumbra after MLR-HFS, whereas the infarct volumes did not differ between the groups. MLR-HFS significantly reduced the release of cytokines and chemokines within the ischemic penumbra. MLR-HFS is neuroprotective and it reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in the area that surrounds the photothrombotic stroke without changing the number of immune cells, which indicates that MLR-HFS enables the function of inflammatory cells to be altered on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Schuhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Arne Bohr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Fluri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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39
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Bo B, Li Y, Li W, Wang Y, Tong S. Optogenetic Excitation of Ipsilesional Sensorimotor Neurons is Protective in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Laser Speckle Imaging Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1372-1379. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2872965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Rahmani A, Nadri S, Kazemi HS, Mortazavi Y, Sojoodi M. Conductive electrospun scaffolds with electrical stimulation for neural differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells. Artif Organs 2019; 43:780-790. [PMID: 30674064 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrical stimulus is a new approach to neural differentiation of stem cells. In this work, the neural differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells (CJMSCs) on a new 3D conductive fibrous scaffold of silk fibroin (SF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGo) were examined. rGo (3.5% w/w) was dispersed in SF-acid formic solution (10% w/v) and conductive nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning method. SEM and TEM microscopies were used for fibrous scaffold characterization. CJMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and 2 electrical impulse models (Current 1:115 V/m, 100-Hz frequency and current 2:115 v/m voltages, 0.1-Hz frequency) were applied for 7 days. Also, the effect of the fibrous scaffold and electrical impulses on cell viability and neural gene expression were examined using MTT assay and qPCR analysis. Fibrous scaffold with the 220 ± 20 nm diameter and good dispersion of graphene nanosheets at the surface of nanofibers were fabricated. The MTT result showed the viability of cells on the scaffold, with current 2 lower than current 1. qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression of β-tubulin (2.4-fold P ≤ 0.026), MAP-2 (1.48-fold; P ≤ 0.03), and nestin (1.5-fold; P ≤ 0.03) genes were higher in CJMSCs on conductive scaffold with 100-Hz frequency compared to 0.1-Hz frequency. Collectively, we proposed that SF-rGo fibrous scaffolds, as a new conductive fibrous scaffold with electrical stimulation are good strategies for neural differentiation of stem cells and the type of electrical pulses has an influence on neural differentiation and proliferation of CJMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahmani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Sayed Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sojoodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Progress in the Field of Micro-Electrocorticography. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010062. [PMID: 30658503 PMCID: PMC6356841 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1940s electrocorticography (ECoG) devices and, more recently, in the last decade, micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) cortical electrode arrays were used for a wide set of experimental and clinical applications, such as epilepsy localization and brain⁻computer interface (BCI) technologies. Miniaturized implantable µECoG devices have the advantage of providing greater-density neural signal acquisition and stimulation capabilities in a minimally invasive fashion. An increased spatial resolution of the µECoG array will be useful for greater specificity diagnosis and treatment of neuronal diseases and the advancement of basic neuroscience and BCI research. In this review, recent achievements of ECoG and µECoG are discussed. The electrode configurations and varying material choices used to design µECoG arrays are discussed, including advantages and disadvantages of µECoG technology compared to electroencephalography (EEG), ECoG, and intracortical electrode arrays. Electrode materials that are the primary focus include platinum, iridium oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), indium tin oxide (ITO), and graphene. We discuss the biological immune response to µECoG devices compared to other electrode array types, the role of µECoG in clinical pathology, and brain⁻computer interface technology. The information presented in this review will be helpful to understand the current status, organize available knowledge, and guide future clinical and research applications of µECoG technologies.
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42
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Ye L, Guan L, Fan P, Liu Y, Xiong W, Liu R, Wei X, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Bai H. Effect of a Small Physiological Electric Field on Angiogenic Activity in First-Trimester Extravillous Trophoblast Cells. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:745-756. [PMID: 30111245 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118792102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation induces significant angiogenesis in vivo. We have shown that electrical stimulation of trophoblast cells has important functions in aspects of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of a direct current electrical field on trophoblast angiogenic tube formation. A 6-hour exposure to electric fields ranging from 50 to 150 mV/mm dose dependently increased tube growth and network formation. Additionally, the effect was time dependent, with increased tube formation occurring between 4 and 8 hours, indicating stimulation of trophoblast cell angiogenesis. Electrical fields of small physiological magnitude stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression by trophoblast cells in the culture. Electric field treatment also resulted in activation of Akt, while the activity of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase was not significantly changed. Pretreatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 inhibitor, SU1498, resulted in potent inhibition of tube growth, and the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 2HCl, significantly reduced electric field-stimulated tubulogenesis. These data suggest the importance of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway during electric field-induced trophoblastic angiogenesis. This novel evidence indicates that endogenous electrical fields may promote angiogenesis of trophoblast cells by stimulating the VEGFR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Ye
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Love MR, Sripetchwandee J, Palee S, Chattipakorn SC, Mower MM, Chattipakorn N. Effects of biphasic and monophasic electrical stimulation on mitochondrial dynamics, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:816-824. [PMID: 30078226 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, electrical stimulation (ES) is used to induce changes in various tissues and cellular processes, but its effects on mitochondrial dynamics and mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of monophasic and biphasic, anodal, and cathodal ES on apoptosis, proliferation, and mitochondrial dynamics in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were cultured and treated with ES. Alamar blue assay was performed to measure cell proliferation. The proteins expression of apoptotic-related proteins Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), optic-atrophy-1 (OPA1), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 at serine 616 (p-DRP1), and total dynamin-related protein 1 (Total-DRP1) were also determined. The results showed that monophasic anodal and biphasic anodal/cathodal (Bi Anod) ES for 1 hr at 125 pulses per minute (2.0 Hz) produced the most significant increase in cell proliferation. In addition, monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES treated cells displayed a significant increase in the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, whereas the Bax levels were not changed. Moreover, the levels of Mfn2 were increased in the cells treated by Bi Anod, and OPA1 was increased by monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES, indicating increased mitochondrial fusion in these ES-treated cells. However, the levels of mitochondrial fission indicated by DRP1 remained unchanged compared with non-stimulated cells. These findings were confirmed through visualization of mitochondria using Mitotracker Deep Red, demonstrating that monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES could induce pro-survival effects in SH-SY5Y cells through increasing cell proliferation and mitochondrial fusion. Future research is needed to validate these findings for the clinical application of monophasic anodal and Bi Anod ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Love
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Morton M Mower
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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44
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Wang X, Ren Y, Liu J. Liquid Metal Enabled Electrobiology: A New Frontier to Tackle Disease Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E360. [PMID: 30424293 PMCID: PMC6082282 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a new conceptual biomedical engineering strategy to tackle modern disease challenges, called liquid metal (LM) enabled electrobiology, is proposed. This generalized and simple method is based on the physiological fact that specially administrated electricity induces a series of subsequent desired biological effects, either shortly, transitionally, or permanently. Due to high compliance within biological tissues, LM would help mold a pervasive method for treating physiological or psychological diseases. As highly conductive and non-toxic multifunctional flexible materials, such LMs can generate any requested electric treating fields (ETFields), which can adapt to various sites inside the human body. The basic mechanisms of electrobiology in delivering electricity to the target tissues and then inducing expected outputs for disease treatment are interpreted. The methods for realizing soft and conformable electronics based on LM are illustrated. Furthermore, a group of typical disease challenges are observed to illustrate the basic strategies for performing LM electrobiology therapy, which include but are not limited to: tissue electronics, brain disorder, immunotherapy, neural functional recovery, muscle stimulation, skin rejuvenation, cosmetology and dieting, artificial organs, cardiac pacing, cancer therapy, etc. Some practical issues regarding electrobiology for future disease therapy are discussed. Perspectives in this direction for incubating a simple biomedical tool for health care are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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45
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Stewart EM, Wu Z, Huang XF, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG. Use of conducting polymers to facilitate neurite branching in schizophrenia-related neuronal development. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1244-51. [PMID: 27376413 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating mental disorder which results in high healthcare and loss of productivity costs to society. This disease remains poorly understood, however there is increasing evidence suggesting a role for oxidative damage in the disease etiology. We aimed to examine the effect of the conducting polymer polypyrrole on the growth and morphology of both wildtype and neuregulin-1 knock out (NRG-1 +/-) explant cells. Polypyrrole is an organic conducting polymer known to be cytocompatible and capable of acting as a platform for effective stimulation of neurons. Here we demonstrate for the first time the ability of this material to mediate processes occurring in disease affected neurons: schizophrenic model cortical neurons. Prefrontal cortical cells were grown on conducting polymer scaffolds of specific composition and showed significantly increased neurite branching and outgrowth length on the polymers compared to controls. Concurrently, a more significant enhancement was seen in both parameters in the NRG-1 +/- model cells. This finding implies that conducting polymers such as polypyrrole may be utilised to overcome neuro-functional deficits associated with neurological disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Stewart
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Feng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Schönfeld LM, Jahanshahi A, Lemmens E, Bauwens M, Hescham SA, Schipper S, Lagiere M, Hendrix S, Temel Y. Motor cortex stimulation does not lead to functional recovery after experimental cortical injury in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 35:295-305. [PMID: 28506001 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-160703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor impairments are among the major complications that develop after cortical damage caused by either stroke or traumatic brain injury. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) can improve motor functions in animal models of stroke by inducing neuroplasticity. OBJECTIVE In the current study, the therapeutic effect of chronic MCS was assessed in a rat model of severe cortical damage. METHODS A controlled cortical impact (CCI) was applied to the forelimb area of the motor cortex followed by implantation of a flat electrode covering the lesioned area. Forelimb function was assessed using the Montoya staircase test and the cylinder test before and after a period of chronic MCS. Furthermore, the effect of MCS on tissue metabolism and lesion size was measured using [18F]-fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) μPET scanning. RESULTS CCI caused a considerable lesion at the level of the motor cortex and dorsal striatum together with a long-lasting behavioral phenotype of forelimb impairment. However, MCS applied to the CCI lesion did not lead to any improvement in limb functioning when compared to non-stimulated control rats. Also, MCS neither changed lesion size nor distribution of FDG. CONCLUSION The use of MCS as a standalone treatment did not improve motor impairments in a rat model of severe cortical damage using our specific treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Schönfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Lemmens
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah-Anna Hescham
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Schipper
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Lagiere
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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47
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Takeuchi H, Kameda M, Yasuhara T, Sasaki T, Toyoshima A, Morimoto J, Kin K, Okazaki M, Umakoshi M, Kin I, Kuwahara K, Tomita Y, Date I. Long-Term Potentiation Enhances Neuronal Differentiation in the Chronic Hypoperfusion Model of Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29527162 PMCID: PMC5829584 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) per se effectively enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampus of intact animals. If LTP can enhance neurogenesis in chronic hypoperfusion, this approach could potentially become a new therapeutic strategy for the restoration of cognitive function and for prevention from deterioration of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using an in vivo LTP model of rats, we examined whether LTP per se can enhance neurogenesis in hypoperfusion rats that underwent permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (permanent 2-vessel occlusion, P2VO). High frequency stimulation (HFS) in the subacute phase after P2VO enhanced hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. However, most enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis was seen in the hypoperfusion rats that received HFS and for which LTP could finally be induced. In contrast, the same effect was not seen in the LTP induction in the chronic phase. The present findings, which reveal that most enhanced neurogenesis was seen in hypoperfusion rats for which LTP could be finally induced, could explain the ability of LTP-like activities such as learning paradigms and environmental stimuli to increase the rate of neurogenesis in the hippocampus even under hypoperfusion conditions. Moreover, the present findings, which reveal that LTP induction in the chronic phase after P2VO could not effectively enhance neurogenesis in the hypoperfusion rats, could indicate that patients with MCI and even middle-aged healthy control individuals should start LTP-like activities as early as possible and continue with these activities to prevent age-related deterioration of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Toyoshima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Okazaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiari Umakoshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ittetsu Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Kuwahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tomita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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48
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Li H, Dong X, Jin M, Cheng W. The Protective Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation Postconditioning Against Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits. Neuromodulation 2018; 21:448-456. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xiuhua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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49
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Tiba MH, McCracken BM, Ansari S, Belle A, Cummings BC, Rajajee V, Patil PG, Alam HB, Ward KR. Novel Noninvasive Method of Cerebrovascular Blood Volume Assessment Using Brain Bioimpedance. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3089-3096. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad H. Tiba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brendan M. McCracken
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sardar Ansari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashwin Belle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brandon C. Cummings
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Venkatakrishna Rajajee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Parag G. Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hasan B. Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin R. Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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50
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Zheng ZT, Dong XL, Li YD, Gao WW, Zhou Y, Jiang RC, Yue SY, Zhou ZW, Zhang JN. Electrical stimulation improved cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00667. [PMID: 29201537 PMCID: PMC5698854 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduce patient quality of life. However, to date, there have been no effective treatments for TBI-associated cognitive deficits. In this study, we aimed to determine whether electrical stimulation (ES) improves cognitive deficits in TBI rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into three groups: the Sham control group, electrical stimulation group (ES group), and No electrical stimulation control group (N-ES group). Following fluid percussion injury, the rats in the ES group received ES treatment for 3 weeks. Potent cognitive function-relevant factors, including the escape latency, time percentage in the goal quadrant, and numbers of CD34+ cells, von Willebrand Factor+ (vWF +) vessels, and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), were subsequently assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, immunohistochemical staining, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with the rats in the N-ES group, the rats in the ES group exhibited a shorter escape latency on day 3 (p = .025), day 4 (p = .011), and day 5 (p = .003), as well as a higher time percentage in the goal quadrant (p = .025) in the MWM test. After 3 weeks of ES, there were increased numbers of CD34+ cells (p = .008) and vWF + vessels (p = .000) in the hippocampus of injured brain tissue in the ES group compared with those in the N-ES group. Moreover, ES also significantly increased the number of EPCs in the peripheral blood from days 3 to 21 after TBI in the ES group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that ES may improve cognitive deficits induced by TBI, and this protective effect may be a result, in part, of enhanced angiogenesis, which may be attributed to the increased mobilization of EPCs in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Xin-Long Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Ya-Dan Li
- Intensive Care Units Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Rong-Cai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Shu-Yuan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System Ministry of Education Tianjin China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System Tianjin China
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