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Chen CLH, Chai JH, Pokharkar YM, Venketasubramanian N. Cost-effectiveness of MLC601 in post-stroke functional recovery compared with placebo - the CHIMES & CHIMES-E studies. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:1127. [PMID: 39334395 PMCID: PMC11430337 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progress in stroke therapy (e.g., revascularisation interventions by thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy, organised stroke care), many stroke survivors will have impairment of neurological function. We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of an oral natural formulation, MLC601, versus placebo in functional recovery among subjects receiving standard of care after an ischemic stroke of intermediate severity assessed with NIH Stroke Scale at baseline (b-NIHSS 8-14). METHODS A Markov cohort model with a 2-year time horizon was developed to simulate patients from a published randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of MLC601 in their post-stroke functional recovery assessed by modified Rankin Score (mRS), from a health system perspective. Transition probabilities were derived from a multi-centre clinical trial in South East Asia. As cost and utility data were not collected in the trial, therefore we extracted them from the published literature. The main outcomes were incremental cost, incremental quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Besides base-case and sensitivity analyses, we performed subgroup analyses to explore the heterogeneity of patients with poor-prognosis factors (b-NIHSS 10-14, stroke onset to treatment time > 48 h, rehabilitation during first 3 month). All costs are expressed in 2022 Euro and USD, with an annual discount rate of 3% applied to costs and QALYs. RESULTS Base-case analysis showed that MLC601 was cost-effective compared with placebo, with €5,080 saved and 0.45 QALY gained, resulting in an ICER of -€11,352.50 per QALY gained. Similarly, results from subgroup analyses indicated that the use of MLC601 was a dominant strategy in all subgroups with poor-prognosis factors. Sensitivity analyses revealed the results were robust. CONCLUSION Compared with placebo on top of standard stroke care, MLC601 was cost-effective in post-stroke functional recovery over two years. Due to the lack of cost and utility data from the study population, the results might not be generalizable to other settings. Further studies with country-specific data are needed to confirm the results of this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov . Unique identifier NCT00554723 November 7, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jia Hui Chai
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation Singapore, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore, 139234, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Mahadev Pokharkar
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation Singapore, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore, 139234, Singapore
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Venketasubramanian N, Yeo TT, Chen CLH. Translational Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury-NeuroAiD Trials, from Traditional Beliefs to Evidence-Based Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 38927083 PMCID: PMC11202287 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are two severe neurological events, both being major causes of death and prolonged impairment. Their incidence continues to rise due to the global increase in the number of people at risk, representing a significant burden on those remaining impaired, their families, and society. These molecular and cellular mechanisms of both stroke and TBI present similarities that can be targeted by treatments with a multimodal mode of action, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we performed a detailed review of the preclinical and clinical development of MLC901 (NeuroAiDTMII), a natural multi-herbal formulation targeting several biological pathways at the origin of the clinical deficits. The endogenous neurobiological processes of self-repair initiated by the brain in response to the onset of brain injury are often insufficient to achieve complete recovery of impaired functions. This review of MLC901 and its parent formulation MLC601 confirms that it amplifies the natural self-repair process of brain tissue after AIS or TBI. Following AIS and TBI where "time is brain", many patients enter the post-acute phase with their functions still impaired, a period when "the brain needs time to repair itself". The treatment goal must be to accelerate recovery as much as possible. MLC901/601 demonstrated a significant reduction by 18 months of recovery time compared to a placebo, indicating strong potential for facilitating the improvement of health outcomes and the more efficient use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
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Yanık T, Yanık B. Current neuroprotective agents in stroke. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 70:157-163. [PMID: 38948647 PMCID: PMC11209336 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
What is expected from neuroprotection is to inhibit neuronal death and halt or decelerate the neuronal loss to lower the mortality rates, decrease disability, and improve the quality of life following an acute ischemic stroke. Several agents were described as neuroprotective up to date; however, there is still debate which to use in the neurorehabilitation of stroke patients, in terms of both efficacy and also safety. In this review, we discuss the agents, citicoline, cerebrolysin and MLC901 (NeuroAiD II), the three agents which have started to be used frequently in neurorehabilitation clinics recently in the light of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğra Yanık
- Department of Neurology, Güven Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Yanık
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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Arsovska AA, Venketasubramanian N. Use of MLC901 in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Three case reports. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:346-353. [PMID: 38313657 PMCID: PMC10835695 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is rare cause of cerebrovascular disease. The incidence is 0.5% of all stroke. The majority of affected patients are young adults (mean age: 35-40 years) with mild to moderate disabilities. Poor outcome with severe disability is seen in 13% of cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for good outcomes and preventing complications. Treatment options are limited and mostly based on consensus. NeuroAiD II™ (MLC901; Moleac Pte, Ltd, Singapore) has a potential beneficial role in post-stroke recovery, by aiding the natural brain recovery process. CASE SUMMARY MLC901 consists of nine natural herbal ingredients. Studies have shown its safety profile and aid in post stroke recovery. The aim of this case series was to demonstrate the potential role of MLC901 in stroke recovery of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) who received MLC901 in addition to standard of care. The prescribed dose of MLC901 is 400 mg/cap two capsules, three times a day. Data from these patients were prospectively collected at baseline and at monthly visits, for a duration of 3 mo. Outcome measures included adherence to therapy, side effects, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and the Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test. MLC901 was well tolerated and no side effects were reported. All patients were stable with improved condition. CONCLUSION This case series highlights the potential therapeutic effects of MLC901 on CVST and provides support for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ante Arsovska
- Department of Urgent Neurology, University Clinic of Neurology, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius-Faculty of Medicine, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia
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Xin-Shuai L, Zhou JQ, Chen XF, Chen X, Feng PF. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Ginkgolide Meglumine Injection combined with Butylphthalide in the treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296508. [PMID: 38180977 PMCID: PMC10769014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgolide Meglumine Injection (GMI) combined with Butylphthalide in the treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), and provide reference for rational clinical medication. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and other databases were searched for published studies on the treatment of AIS with GMI combined with Butylphthalide in both Chinese and English. The search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2023. The included studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 2362 patients (experimental group = 1182, control group = 1180) were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group [RR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.16, 1.26), P< 0.00001]. In addition, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvement in NIHSS score [SMD = -1.59, % CI (-2.00-1.18), P< 0.00001] and ADL score [SMD = 2.12, 95% CI (1.52, -2.72), P<0.00001], significant decrease in CRP [SMD = -2.24, 95% CI (-3.31, -1.18), P<0.0001] and TNF-α [SMD = -2.74, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.03), P< 0.005] levels, and improvement in plasma viscosity [SMD = -0.86, 95% CI (-1.07, -0.66), P< 0.00001]. However, the influence on homocysteine level remains inconclusive. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [SMD = 0.95, 95% CI (0.71, 1.28), P> 0.05]. CONCLUSION GMI combined with Butylphthalide shows good clinical application effects and good safety in the treatment of AIS. However, more large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xin-Shuai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Fan Chen
- BioBank, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chua AE, Yacapin VJ, Manalo GL, Ledesma LK. Protocol for Safety and Efficacy of MLC901 (NeuroAiD II) in Patients With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial (ANDROMEDA). Neurosurgery 2023; 93:939-951. [PMID: 37129384 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability, affecting approximately 69 million individuals each year worldwide. A significant portion of TBI research has focused on treatments for neuroprotection and/or neurorecovery, with most failing to transition to successful clinical applications despite promising animal/in vitro study results. MLC901 (NeuroAiD II), with origins from a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to exhibit both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in in vitro and animal studies for stroke and TBI. Clinical trials have demonstrated its safety with significant improvements in some functional outcome and cognitive domain measures. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of MLC901 (NeuroAiD II) vs placebo in adult patients with moderate TBI. METHODS This is a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial that aims to enroll 120 adult patients with moderate TBI receiving standard of care in 2 arms: MLC901 vs placebo for a treatment period of 6 months with a further follow-up of 3 months. The total duration of the study is 9 months. The primary end point is Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) at 6 months. Other assessments include mortality at 6 months, GOS-E, Glasgow Coma Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Filipino Version, Frontal Assessment Battery Conflicting Instructions and Go-No-Go, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, Barthel Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Health related Quality of life (EQ-5D) at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. Cerebral swelling at baseline and at 1 and 2 weeks will also be documented. Adverse events and drug compliance will also be monitored. EXPECTED OUTCOMES We expect to find a significant improvement in functional and cognitive outcomes in patients who were given MLC901. DISCUSSION Previous studies on the effect of MLC901 in adult patients with moderate TBI showed positive results; However, these studies are limited by the small number of patients. This study will establish a more definitive role of MLC901 in improving functional and cognitive outcomes in patients with moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell E Chua
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila , Philippines
| | - Vilma Jane Yacapin
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Northern Mindanao Medical Center, Cagayan de Oro City , Misamis Oriental , Philippines
| | - Guillermo L Manalo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital & Medical Center, Batac City , Ilocos Norte , Philippines
| | - Lourdes K Ledesma
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Adult Neurology, Makati Medical Center, Makati , Philippines
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Venketasubramanian N, Pokharkar Y, Chai JH, Chen CLH. Ischemic Stroke and Savings in Time to Achieve Functional Recovery: Experience from NeuroAiD. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030117. [PMID: 36975881 PMCID: PMC10059584 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress with revascularisation interventions after acute ischemic stroke, many patients remain disabled after stroke. Using data from a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a neuro-repair treatment (NeuroAiD/MLC601) with a long-term follow-up, we analysed the savings in time to functional recovery, measured by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1, in patients receiving a 3-month oral course of MLC601. Analysis of time to recovery was assessed by a log-rank test and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for prognosis factors. A total of 548 patients with baseline NIHSS scores 8–14, mRS scores ≥ 2 at day 10 post-stroke, and at least one mRS assessment on or after month 1 were included in the analysis (placebo = 261; MLC601 = 287). Time to functional recovery was significantly shortened for patients receiving MLC601 versus patients receiving placebo (log-rank test: p = 0.039). This result was confirmed by Cox regression adjusting for the main baseline prognostic factors (HR: 1.30 [0.99, 1.70]; p = 0.059) and was more pronounced in patients with additional poor prognosis factors. The Kaplan–Meier plot showed that approximately 40% cumulative incidence of functional recovery was achieved within 6 months after stroke onset in the MLC601 group versus 24 months in the placebo group. The main findings are that MLC601 reduced the time to achieve functional recovery, and a 40% functional recovery rate was achieved 18 months earlier compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Pokharkar
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation Singapore, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore 139234, Singapore
| | - Jia Hui Chai
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation Singapore, 23 Rochester Park, Singapore 139234, Singapore
| | - Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Hao DL, Li JM, Xie R, Huo HR, Xiong XJ, Sui F, Wang PQ. The role of traditional herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: from bench to clinic-A critical review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154609. [PMID: 36610141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and severe long-term disability worldwide. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-ischemic therapies. However, IS remains a tremendous challenge, with favourable clinical outcomes being generally difficult to achieve from candidate drugs in preclinical phase testing. Traditional herbal medicine (THM) has been used to treat stroke for over 2,000 years in China. In modern times, THM as an alternative and complementary therapy have been prescribed in other Asian countries and have gained increasing attention for their therapeutic effects. These millennia of clinical experience allow THM to be a promising avenue for improving clinical efficacy and accelerating drug discovery. PURPOSE To summarise the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of THMs in IS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Wanfang Database, from inception to 17 June 2022 to examine the efficacy and safety of THM for IS, and to investigate experimental studies regarding potential mechanisms. RESULTS THM is widely prescribed for IS alone or as adjuvant therapy. In clinical trials, THM is generally administered within 72 h of stroke onset and are continuously prescribed for over 3 months. Compared with Western medicine (WM), THM combined with routine WM can significantly improve neurological function defect scores, promote clinical total effective rate, and accelerate the recovery time of stroke with fewer adverse effects (AEs). These effects can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, mainly anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, brain blood barrier (BBB) modulation, inhibition of platelet activation and thrombus formation, and promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS THM may be a promising candidate for IS management to guide clinical applications and as a reference for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Li Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Pilipenko P, Ivanova AA, Kotsiubinskaya YV, Feigin V, Majdan M, Grigoryeva VN, Khrulev AY. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating Safety and efficAcy of MLC901 in post-traUmatic bRAin Injury: the SAMURAI study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059167. [PMID: 35418437 PMCID: PMC9014072 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults globally and 90% of cases are mild TBI. Treatment to facilitate recovery after TBI is needed. Traditional medicine MLC901 (NeuroAiD II) with neuroprotective and neuroproliferative properties in cellular and animal models of brain injury showed TBI-associated cognitive improvement in mild or moderate TBI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised placebo-controlled trial, with 6-month treatment and 9-month follow-up, to determine the safety and efficacy of MLC901 in improving cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment following mild TBI. This multicentre trial is conducted at the research centres of six hospitals/institutions in Russia. The primary outcome is to determine the effect of MLC901 on complex attention using the CNS Vital Signs (CNS-VS) online neurological test after 6-month treatment in patients receiving MLC901 compared with placebo. Secondary outcomes include other cognitive domains of CNS-VS and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. The exploratory endpoints include Quality of Life after Brain Injury, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and evaluation of improved neurological parameters 3 months after treatment completion. In addition, treatment compliance, concomitant therapies and adverse events will be collected. Investigators will use a secured online system for data entry. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the ethic committee of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (No: 58074). The results of this study will be published in a peer-review journal and presented at international conferences as poster presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04861688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pilipenko
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Andreevna Ivanova
- Adult Polyclinic Department N 124, State Budgetary Institution of Public Health City Polyclinic N 106, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Valery Feigin
- National institute for Stroke & Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Trnava University in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Naumovna Grigoryeva
- Department of Nervous Diseases, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Niznij Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yevgenievich Khrulev
- Department of Nervous Diseases, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Niznij Novgorod, Russian Federation
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Xu A, Wen ZH, Su SX, Chen YP, Liu WC, Guo SQ, Li XF, Zhang X, Li R, Xu NB, Wang KX, Li WX, Guan DG, Duan CZ. Elucidating the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Chinese Herbal Prescriptions in the Treatment of Post-stroke Neurological Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:784242. [PMID: 35355727 PMCID: PMC8959705 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.784242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of human diseases. However, the synergistic effects of multiple TCM prescriptions in the treatment of stroke have not been thoroughly studied. Objective of the study: This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of these TCM prescriptions in stroke treatment and identify the active compounds. Methods: Herbs and compounds in the Di-Tan Decoction (DTD), Xue-Fu Zhu-Yu Decoction (XFZYD), and Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (XXMD) were acquired from the TCMSP database. SEA, HitPick, and TargetNet web servers were used for target prediction. The compound-target (C-T) networks of three prescriptions were constructed and then filtered using the collaborative filtering algorithm. We combined KEGG enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and network analysis approaches to identify active compounds, followed by verification of these compounds with an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Results: The filtered DTD network contained 39 compounds and 534 targets, the filtered XFZYD network contained 40 compounds and 508 targets, and the filtered XXMD network contained 55 compounds and 599 targets. The filtered C-T networks retained approximately 80% of the biological functions of the original networks. Based on the enriched pathways, molecular docking, and network analysis results, we constructed a complex network containing 3 prescriptions, 14 botanical drugs, 26 compounds, 13 targets, and 5 pathways. By calculating the synergy score, we identified the top 5 candidate compounds. The experimental results showed that quercetin, baicalin, and ginsenoside Rg1 independently and synergistically increased cell viability. Conclusion: By integrating pharmacological and chemoinformatic approaches, our study provides a new method for identifying the effective synergistic compounds of TCM prescriptions. The filtered compounds and their synergistic effects on stroke require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen-Quan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Feng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen CLH, Lu Q, Moorakonda RB, Kandiah N, Tan BY, Villaraza SG, Cano J, Venketasubramanian N. Alzheimer's Disease THErapy With NEuroaid (ATHENE): A Randomized Double-Blind Delayed-Start Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:379-386.e3. [PMID: 34856171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical and clinical studies indicate a role for MLC901 (NeuroAiD II) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary aim was to investigate its safety as add-on therapy to standard treatment and the secondary aims its effect on cognition and slowing disease progression. DESIGN Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled delayed-start study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANT Patients with mild to moderate probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, stable on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine (n = 125), were randomized to receive MLC901 (early starters) or placebo (delayed starters) for 6 months, followed by a further 6 months when all patients received MLC901, in a delayed-start design (clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03038035). METHODS The primary outcome measure was occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and other assessment scales. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the risk of SAEs between early and delayed starters at month (M) 6 (22.6% vs 27.0%, risk difference -4.4%, 90% CI -16.9% to 8.3%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the risk of adverse events and the occurrence of stroke or vascular events between early and delayed starters throughout the 12-month study period. Early starters did not differ significantly on ADAS-Cog from delayed starters at M6 [mean difference (MD) -1.0, 95% CI -3.3 to 1.3] and M12 (MD -2.35, 95% CI -5.45 to 0.74) on intention-to-treat analysis. Other cognitive assessment scales did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study of 125 persons with dementia found no evidence of a significant increase in adverse events between MLC901 and placebo, thus providing support for further studies on both efficacy and safety. Analyses suggest the potential of MLC901 in slowing down AD progression, but this requires further confirmation in larger and longer studies using biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L H Chen
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qingshu Lu
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (TTSH Campus), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jemelle Cano
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
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12
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Feng L, Kong L, Dong X, Lai X, Zhang D, Ren B, Liu S, Xie X, Li C, Song Y, Du Y, Cao K, Zhang C, Gao Y. China Stroke Registry for Patients With Traditional Chinese Medicine (CASES-TCM): Rationale and Design of a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:743883. [PMID: 34531755 PMCID: PMC8438566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.743883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the complexity of stroke treatment and the current widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the absence of robust, large, long-term effectiveness and safety studies, and the lack of nationwide epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with stroke receiving TCM treatment, the acquisition of data from longitudinal cohorts is essential. We intend to generate the major clinical characteristics of patients with stroke who receive TCM treatment and to investigate the effectiveness and safety of TCM in the Chinese population. Methods: The China Stroke Registry for Patients with Traditional Chinese Medicine (CASES-TCM) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational disease registry aiming to register 20,000 hospitalized patients. Eligible adult patients with clearly diagnosed acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage within 7 days of symptom onset will be consecutively registered from 126 participating sites across China. Baseline data will be recorded, and all patients will be regularly followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after stroke onset. Collected data will be entered into a web-based system with high-level data security. The primary outcomes include the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin Scale at the 3-months follow-up, and recurrent stroke events within the 12-months follow-up. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the CASES-TCM study is the first and largest nationwide registry to document comprehensive data on TCM treatment in patients with acute stroke. The findings of this study will be valuable to improve our knowledge about TCM treatment for patients with stroke and its subsequent outcomes in the actual clinical setting, consequently facilitating and standardizing the optimization of individualized interventions with TCM for stroke prevention and treatment in China. Study registration: This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, Unique identifier: NCT04921397).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luda Feng
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing Lai
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beida Ren
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanpeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebo Song
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kegang Cao
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Medicine Key Research Room of Brain Disorders Syndrome and Treatment of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Beghi E, Binder H, Birle C, Bornstein N, Diserens K, Groppa S, Homberg V, Lisnic V, Pugliatti M, Randall G, Saltuari L, Strilciuc S, Vester J, Muresanu D. European Academy of Neurology and European Federation of Neurorehabilitation Societies guideline on pharmacological support in early motor rehabilitation after acute ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2831-2845. [PMID: 34152062 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early pharmacological support for post-stroke neurorehabilitation has seen an abundance of mixed results from clinical trials, leaving practitioners at a loss regarding the best options to improve patient outcomes. The objective of this evidence-based guideline is to support clinical decision-making of healthcare professionals involved in the recovery of stroke survivors. METHODS This guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched (from database inception to June 2018, inclusive) to identify studies on pharmacological interventions for stroke rehabilitation initiated in the first 7 days (inclusive) after stroke, which were delivered together with neurorehabilitation. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on identified interventions to address results from breaking studies (from end of search to February 2020). RESULTS Upon manually screening 17,969 unique database entries (of 57,001 original query results), interventions underwent meta-analysis. Cerebrolysin (30 ml/day, intravenous, minimum 10 days) and citalopram (20 mg/day, oral) are recommended for clinical use for early neurorehabilitation after acute ischaemic stroke. The remaining interventions identified by our systematic search are not recommended for clinical use: amphetamine (5, 10 mg/day, oral), citalopram (10 mg/day, oral), dextroamphetamine (10 mg/day, oral), Di-Huang-Yi-Zhi (2 × 18 g/day, oral), fluoxetine (20 mg/day, oral), lithium (2 × 300 mg/day, oral), MLC601(3 × 400 mg/day, oral), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor PF-03049423 (6 mg/day, oral). No recommendation 'for' or 'against' is provided for selegiline (5 mg/day, oral). Issues with safety and tolerability were identified for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, fluoxetine and lithium. CONCLUSIONS This guideline provides information for clinicians regarding existing pharmacological support in interventions for neurorecovery after acute ischaemic stroke. Updates to this material will potentially elucidate existing conundrums, improve current recommendations, and hopefully expand therapeutic options for stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Beghi
- Laboratorio di Malattie Neurologiche, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Heinrich Binder
- Department of Neurology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Codruta Birle
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Natan Bornstein
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Karin Diserens
- Acute Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Volker Homberg
- Department of Neurology, SRH Gesundheitszentrum Bad Wimpfen GmbH, Bad Wimpfen, Germany
| | - Vitalie Lisnic
- Department of Neurology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Nicolae Testemitanu', Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gary Randall
- Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Research Department for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefan Strilciuc
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Johannes Vester
- Department of Biometry and Clinical Research, idv Data Analysis and Study Planning, Gauting, Germany
| | - Dafin Muresanu
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Department for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
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14
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Strong B, Pudar J, Thrift AG, Howard VJ, Hussain M, Carcel C, de Los Campos G, Reeves MJ. Sex Disparities in Enrollment in Recent Randomized Clinical Trials of Acute Stroke: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:666-677. [PMID: 33900363 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance The underenrollment of women in randomized clinical trials represents a threat to the validity of the evidence supporting clinical guidelines and potential disparities in access to novel treatments. Objective To determine whether women were underenrolled in contemporary randomized clinical trials of acute stroke therapies published in 9 major journals after accounting for their representation in underlying stroke populations. Data Sources MEDLINE was searched for acute stroke therapeutic trials published between January 1, 2010, and June 11, 2020. Study Selection Eligible articles reported the results of a phase 2 or 3 randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients with stroke and/or transient ischemic attack and examined a therapeutic intervention initiated within 1 month of onset. Data Extraction Data extraction was performed by 2 independent authors in duplicate. Individual trials were matched to estimates of the proportion of women in underlying stroke populations using the Global Burden of Disease database. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the enrollment disparity difference (EDD), the absolute difference between the proportion of trial participants who were women and the proportion of strokes in the underlying disease populations that occurred in women. Random-effects meta-analyses of the EDD were performed, and multivariable metaregression was used to explore the associations of trial eligibility criteria with disparity estimates. Results The search returned 1529 results, and 115 trials (7.5%) met inclusion criteria. Of 121 105 randomized patients for whom sex was reported, 52 522 (43.4%) were women. The random-effects summary EDD was -0.053 (95% CI, -0.065 to -0.040), indicating that women were underenrolled by 5.3 percentage points. This disparity persisted across virtually all geographic regions, intervention types, and stroke types, apart from subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.117 [95% CI, 0.084 to 0.150]). When subarachnoid hemorrhage trials were excluded, the summary EDD was -0.067 (95% CI, -0.078 to -0.057). In the multivariable metaregression analysis, an upper age limit of 80 years as an eligibility criterion was associated with a 6-percentage point decrease in the enrollment of women. Conclusions and Relevance Further research is needed to understand the causes of the underenrollment of women in acute stroke trials. However, to maximize representation, investigators should avoid imposing age limits on enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Strong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Julia Pudar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Amanda G Thrift
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Murtaza Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Mathew J Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
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15
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Chen CLH, Nguyen TH, Marasigan S, Lee CF, Lu Q, Kandiah N, de Silva D, Chong E, Venketasubramanian N. NEURoaid II (MLC901) in cognitively Impaired not demenTEd patientS (NEURITES): A pilot double blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12161. [PMID: 33816765 PMCID: PMC8010368 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of MLC901 in vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) patients. DESIGN This was a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANT VCIND patients from hospitals in Singapore (67), Vietnam (19), and the Philippines (17) were recruited and followed-up from March 2013 to April 2018. METHODS The primary outcome was executive function as measured by the Verbal Fluency (VF) and 2-part Color Trails Test (CTT). The mean difference in the scores between baseline and week 12, and baseline and week 24, was compared between MLC901 and placebo using a two-sample t-test. RESULTS The trial randomized 103 subjects: MLC901 (n = 57) and placebo (n = 46). The mean age of participants was 68.3 ± 8.4 years and 38.8% were female. Improvement in executive function with MLC901 was not significantly better than placebo at week 12 (CTT1 mean difference [md] 3.8 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -9.0 to 16.5, CTT2 md 10.9 seconds, 95% CI: -0.2 to 22.0), and at week 24 (CTT1 md 2.8 seconds, 95% CI: -8.4 to 14.0, CTT2 md = 4.4 seconds, 95% CI: -8.2 to 16.9). Improvement in VF from baseline was not significantly different between MLC901 and placebo at weeks 12 and 24. There were no significant differences in adverse events (43.5% vs. 56.1%) or serious adverse events (13% vs. 22.8%) in placebo versus MLC901 groups. In post hoc exploratory analysis, the treatment effect of MLC901 on cognitive function appears more apparent in subjects with existing impairment in executive function: CTT2 (md 14.4 seconds [P = .05] and 9.9 seconds [P = .3] at week 12 and week 24, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Whilst MLC901 appears to be safe, there was no significant cognitive benefit from MLC901 in the study population. Post hoc hypotheses generating analyses suggest that VCIND patients with existing impairment in executive function may show benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. H. Chen
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartments of Pharmacology and Psychological MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Simeon Marasigan
- Neurology and PsychiatryUniversity of Santo Tomas HospitalManilaPhilippines
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- Duke‐NUSCentre for Quantitative MedicineSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Qingshu Lu
- Singapore Clinical Research InstituteSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | | | - Deidre de Silva
- NeurologySingapore General HospitalSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
| | - Eddie Chong
- Memory Aging and Cognition CenterNational University of SingaporeSingaporeRepublic of Singapore
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16
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Nasehi M, Zadeh-Tehrani SN, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. A possible neuroprotective property of ethanol and/or NeuroAiD on the modulation of cognitive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 82:106927. [PMID: 32861843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments and poor performance on tasks needing behavioral flexibility are observable in chronic alcohol exposure. NeuroAid decreases cognitive deficits and improves functional outcomes by restoring neuronal circuits. The aim of the current study was to assess the hypothesis that ethanol exposure would induce neurobehavioral defects which may be reversed by the neuroprotective property of NeuroAid. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with saline, ethanol (0.2 g/kg), NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) and ethanol (0.2 g/kg) + NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg). Then, behavioral tests were performed using the Y-maze apparatus, hot-plate and tail-flick apparatuses, locomotion apparatus as well as the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and hanging protocols (performance in a wire hanging test). Our results indicated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ethanol alone and administration of ethanol along with NeuroAid for one week reversed ethanol-induced spatial memory deficits in rats (P < 0.01). Interestingly, treatment with ethanol (0.2 g/kg) for one week induced nociception (P < 0.01). Moreover, one week administration of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) along with NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) increased latency to LORR (P < 0.001) while four weeks administration of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) along with NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) decreased sleep time (P < 0.01). In addition, a single administration of all drugs did not alter locomotor activity (P > 0.05) and hanging (P > 0.05). Improvement of behavioral tasks after one-week i.p. administration of ethanol and/or NeuroAid in comparison with a single administration of ethanol and/or NeuroAid may be due to the neuroprotective property of ethanol and/or NeuroAiD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Pan YJ, Fu W, Huang SW, Xu B, Dou LP, Hou Q, Li C, Yu L, Zhou HF, Yang JH, Wan HT. Investigation of Invigorating Qi and Activating Blood Circulation Prescriptions in Treating Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome of Ischemic Stroke Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:892. [PMID: 32625091 PMCID: PMC7311665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high morbidity and high mortality. The integration of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine has shown promising benefits in relieving symptoms, promoting neurological recovery, and improving the quality of life of patients with IS. In TCM, Qi-deficiency along with blood-stasis (QDBS) syndrome is one of the common types of IS that is treated by invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation. In TCM theory, improving the corresponding degree of prescription-syndrome correlation (PSC) is helpful to improve clinical efficacy. In this study, we intend to use similar prescriptions that invigorate Qi and activate blood circulation: Buyang Huanwu granules (BHG), Naoxintong capsules (NXTC), and Yangyin Tongnao granules (YTG). The goal is to evaluate their level of PSC inpatients with IS with QDBS syndrome and find relevant biomarkers to provide an objective basis for precise treatment of TCM and improve the clinical therapeutic effects. A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled intervention trial will be conducted in IS patients with QDBS syndrome, followed by an add-on of Chinese patent medicine. A total of 160 subjects will be randomly assigned to the BHG, NXTC, YTG, and placebo groups in a 1:2:1:1 allocation ratio. All subjects will undergo 28 days of treatment and then followed for another 180 days. The primary outcome is the changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 28 days of medication. The secondary outcomes include the modified Rankin scale score, activity of daily living scale score, and TCM symptom score. Data will be analyzed in accordance with a predefined statistical analysis plan. Ethical approval of this trial has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (ID: 2017-Y-004-02). Written informed consent of patients will be required. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800015189), and the results will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-jiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiac-Cerebral Diseases, Yinchuan Cardiac-Cerebral Treatment Internet Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shu-wei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-ping Dou
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-fen Zhou
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-hong Yang
- Basic Medical and Public Health College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-tong Wan
- Institute of Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Coscia M, Wessel MJ, Chaudary U, Millán JDR, Micera S, Guggisberg A, Vuadens P, Donoghue J, Birbaumer N, Hummel FC. Neurotechnology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation in severe chronic stroke. Brain 2020; 142:2182-2197. [PMID: 31257411 PMCID: PMC6658861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper limb motor deficits in severe stroke survivors often remain unresolved over extended time periods. Novel neurotechnologies have the potential to significantly support upper limb motor restoration in severely impaired stroke individuals. Here, we review recent controlled clinical studies and reviews focusing on the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of single and combined technology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation after stroke, including robotics, muscular electrical stimulation, brain stimulation and brain computer/machine interfaces. We aim at identifying possible guidance for the optimal use of these new technologies to enhance upper limb motor recovery especially in severe chronic stroke patients. We found that the current literature does not provide enough evidence to support strict guidelines, because of the variability of the procedures for each intervention and of the heterogeneity of the stroke population. The present results confirm that neurotechnology-aided upper limb rehabilitation is promising for severe chronic stroke patients, but the combination of interventions often lacks understanding of single intervention mechanisms of action, which may not reflect the summation of single intervention’s effectiveness. Stroke rehabilitation is a long and complex process, and one single intervention administrated in a short time interval cannot have a large impact for motor recovery, especially in severely impaired patients. To design personalized interventions combining or proposing different interventions in sequence, it is necessary to have an excellent understanding of the mechanisms determining the effectiveness of a single treatment in this heterogeneous population of stroke patients. We encourage the identification of objective biomarkers for stroke recovery for patients’ stratification and to tailor treatments. Furthermore, the advantage of longitudinal personalized trial designs compared to classical double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials as the basis for precise personalized stroke rehabilitation medicine is discussed. Finally, we also promote the necessary conceptual change from ‘one-suits-all’ treatments within in-patient clinical rehabilitation set-ups towards personalized home-based treatment strategies, by adopting novel technologies merging rehabilitation and motor assistance, including implantable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Coscia
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian J Wessel
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Ujwal Chaudary
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Del R Millán
- Defitech Chair in Brain-Machine Interface, Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Translational Neural Engineering Area, The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Adrian Guggisberg
- Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - John Donoghue
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Niels Birbaumer
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair in Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Li L, Sun L, Qiu Y, Zhu W, Hu K, Mao J. Protective Effect of Stachydrine Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Inflammation and Apoptosis Through P65 and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:64. [PMID: 32132924 PMCID: PMC7041339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachydrine, a constituent of Leonurus japonicus Houtt which also called Japanese motherwort has been shown to improve vascular microcirculation and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of stachydrine. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham, control, and stachydrine groups. The neurological deficit score was evaluated and the infarct size of the brain was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetra-zolium (TTC) chloride staining assay, and the pathological changes in the brain tissues were examined by HE staining. Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to assess the numbers of Nissl bodies and the levels of apoptosis in the neurons. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. The release of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, the stachydrine group showed a significant prevention of neurological deficit, as indicated by the reduced infarct volume in the brain. Moreover, the stachydrine treatment reduced the activities of SOD, the levels of MDA and decreased the amount of IL-1β, and TNF-α, indicating that it could function to decrease the level of inflammation, thus reducing brain damage. The ischemic stroke model of PC12 cells was prepared via oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) protocol for 6 h. The expression of P65 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway related proteins was measured by western blot. The treatment group was found to have the survival rate of PC12 cells improved and the release of inflammatory factors reduced when compared with the OGD group. This study demonstrated that stachydrine could improve nerve function by inhibiting the phosphorylation of P65/JAK2 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqin Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Cai Y, Zhang X, Huang Y, Wang L, Sun J, Liang W, Ou A, Yu B, Guo J, Zhao M, Ni X, Chen S. The add-on effect of dengzhan shengmai capsules on secondary prevention of ischemic stroke: A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 46:189-194. [PMID: 31519277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Dengzhan Shengmai (DZSM) capsule is a commercially available type of Chinese herbal medicine frequently administered to improve neurological impairment after stroke. Its ability to prevent recurrent stroke, however, has not been determined. This study therefore evaluated the ability of DZSM as an add-on to conventional secondary preventive agents to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, conducted at 83 hospitals in Mainland China, 3143 patients in 14-180 days after the initial onset of ischemic stroke, were randomly allocated to the DZSM (0.36 g, twice daily for 12 months) or the placebo group. All patients in both groups received standard secondary preventive medications. The primary outcome was the 1-year incidence of stroke. Between group differences were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analysis showed that 58 (3.8%) participants in the DZSM group and 82 (5.4%) in the placebo group experienced new stroke events (hazard ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval = 0.50-0.98, P = 0.036). The type and incidence of adverse events were similar in the DZSM and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of DZSM capsules to standard secondary preventive agents provides additional benefits after the initial onset of ischemic stroke, reducing recurrent stroke without increasing severe adverse events. However, further study is needed to elucidate the role of DZSM on the updated practice of conventional secondary prevention for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Weixiong Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Aihua Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baili Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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21
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Baram SM, Karima S, Shateri S, Tafakhori A, Fotouhi A, Lima BS, Rajaei S, Mahdavi M, Tehrani HS, Aghamollaii V, Aghamiri SH, Mansouri B, Gharahje S, Kabiri S, Hosseinizadeh M, Shahamati SZ, Alborzi AT. Functional improvement and immune-inflammatory cytokines profile of ischaemic stroke patients after treatment with boswellic acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1101-1112. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Zhou K, Chen J, Wu J, Wu Q, Jia C, Xu YXZ, Chen L, Tu W, Yang G, Kong J, Kou J, Jiang S. Atractylenolide III ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury and neuroinflammation associated with inhibiting JAK2/STAT3/Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in microglia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152922. [PMID: 30981186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a major contributor to stroke pathology, making it a promising strategy for intervention. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, play essential roles in both the generation and resolution of neuroinflammation. In particular, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for microglial function and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Atractylenolide III (A III), a sesquiterpene lactone found in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on inflammation. However, its effect specifically on neuroinflammation and microglial mitochondrial homeostasis following stroke remains elusive. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that A III protects against brain ischemia through inhibition of neuroinflammation mediated by JAK2/STAT3/Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. METHODS The neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of A III were investigated in vivo in mice with transient occlusion to the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) and in vitro in oxygen glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGDR)-stimulated primary microglia from mice. RESULTS A III and AG490, an inhibitor of JAK2, treatment reduced brain infarct size, restored cerebral blood flow (CBF), ameliorated brain edema and improved neurological deficits in MCAO mice. Furthermore, A III and AG490 inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of proinflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both MCAO mice and OGDR-stimulated primary microglia. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway was effectively suppressed by A III, similar to the effect of AG490 treatment. In addition, A III and AG490 treatments significantly decreased Drp1 phosphorylation, translocation and mitochondrial fission in primary microglia stimulated with OGDR for 24 h. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that A III was able to reduce complications associated with ischemia through inhibiting neuroinflammation, which was mediated in part by JAK2/STAT3-dependent mitochondrial fission in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9 Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengqian Jia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9 Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen CLH, Sharma PR, Tan BY, Low C, Venketasubramanian N. The Alzheimer's disease THErapy with NEuroaid ( ATHENE) study protocol: Assessing the safety and efficacy of Neuroaid II (MLC901) in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease stable on cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine-A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:38-45. [PMID: 30723778 PMCID: PMC6352850 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Dementia is a large and growing health care burden globally, and its major cause is Alzheimer's disease (AD). MLC901 (Neuroaid II) is a simplified form of MLC601 (Neuroaid), a Traditional Chinese Medicine with neuroprotective and neuroproliferative properties in cellular and animal models of brain injury. MLC601 has been shown to modulate amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in human neuroblastoma cell cultures and increase the levels of soluble APPα. In addition, MLC901 has been shown to reduce tau phosphorylation in vitro. Hence, MLC901 may have possible multimodal actions and a disease-modifying effect in AD. In previous clinical studies, MLC601 has shown promising effects in AD. Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of MLC901 add-on therapy to standard treatment in mild-to-moderate probable AD patients stable on standard treatment and to evaluate if MLC901 has a disease-modifying effect in AD. Methods This is a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mild-to-moderate probable AD where MLC901 will be given as an add-on therapy to standard AD treatment, followed by an extension study for another 6 months, where all subjects will be treated with open-label MLC901 in addition to standard treatment. The primary outcome is safety as measured by adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiogram, laboratory tests, and physical and neurological examinations. Secondary outcomes evaluating cognition, behavior, and activities of daily living at various time points include the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Conclusion MLC901 has the potential to improve cognition in AD patients. It may also have a role in delaying disease progression. This study will be the first to provide safety and efficacy data for MLC901 in mild-to-moderate probable AD patients already receiving standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
| | | | | | - Casuarine Low
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
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The Traditional Chinese Medicine MLC901 inhibits inflammation processes after focal cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18062. [PMID: 30584250 PMCID: PMC6305383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered as a major contributor to brain injury following cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic potential of both MLC601/MLC901, which are herbal extract preparations derived from Chinese Medicine, has been reported both in advanced stroke clinical trials and also in animal and cellular models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MLC901 on the different steps of post-ischemic inflammation in focal ischemia in mice. In vivo injury was induced by 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. MLC901 was administered in post-treatment 90 min after the onset of ischemia and once a day during reperfusion. MLC901 treatment resulted in a reduction in infarct volume, a decrease of Blood Brain Barrier leakage and brain swelling, an improvement in neurological scores and a reduction of mortality rate at 24 hours after MCAO. These beneficial effects of MLC901 were accompanied by an inhibition of astrocytes and microglia/macrophage activation, a drastically decreased neutrophil invasion into the ischemic brain as well as by a negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediator expression (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases). MLC901 significantly inhibited the expression of Prx6 as well as the transcriptional activity of NFκB and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, an important pathway in the immune response in the ischemic brain. MLC901 effects on the neuroinflammation cascade induced by cerebral ischemia probably contribute, in a very significant way, in its potential therapeutic value.
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Goenka L, Uppugunduri Satyanarayana CR, S SK, George M. Neuroprotective agents in Acute Ischemic Stroke-A Reality Check. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2539-2547. [PMID: 30551514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203 India
| | - Chakradhara Rao Uppugunduri Satyanarayana
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment Tulipe, Avenue De La Roseraie, 641205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suresh Kumar S
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaymah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203 India.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lin
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Seth P. Finklestein
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Suwanwela NC, Chen CLH, Lee CF, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque Ii AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Venketasubramanian N. Effect of Combined Treatment with MLC601 (NeuroAiDTM) and Rehabilitation on Post-Stroke Recovery: The CHIMES and CHIMES-E Studies. Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 46:82-88. [PMID: 30184553 DOI: 10.1159/000492625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MLC601 has been shown in preclinical studies to enhance neurorestorative mechanisms after stroke. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess whether combining MLC601 and rehabilitation has an effect on improving functional outcomes after stroke. METHODS Data from the CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke (CHIMES) and CHIMES-Extension (CHIMES-E) studies were analyzed. CHIMES-E was a 24-month follow-up study of subjects included in CHIMES, a multi-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled trial which randomized subjects with acute ischemic stroke, to either MLC601 or placebo for 3 months in addition to standard stroke treatment and rehabilitation. Subjects were stratified according to whether they received or did not receive persistent rehabilitation up to month (M)3 (non- randomized allocation) and by treatment group. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index were assessed at month (M) 3, M6, M12, M18, and M24. RESULTS Of 880 subjects in CHIMES-E, data on rehabilitation at M3 were available in 807 (91.7%, mean age 61.8 ± 11.3 years, 36% female). After adjusting for prognostic factors of poor outcome (age, sex, pre-stroke mRS, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and stroke onset-to-study-treatment time), subjects who received persistent rehabilitation showed consistently higher treatment effect in favor of MLC601 for all time points on mRS 0-1 dichotomy analysis (ORs 1.85 at M3, 2.18 at M6, 2.42 at M12, 1.94 at M18, 1.87 at M24), mRS ordinal analysis (ORs 1.37 at M3, 1.40 at M6, 1.53 at M12, 1.50 at M18, 1.38 at M24), and BI ≥95 dichotomy analysis (ORs 1.39 at M3, 1.95 at M6, 1.56 at M12, 1.56 at M18, 1.46 at M24) compared to those who did not receive persistent rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS More subjects on MLC601 improved to functional independence compared to placebo among subjects receiving persistent rehabilitation up to M3. The larger treatment effect of MLC601 was sustained over 2 years which supports the hypothesis that MLC601 combined with rehabilitation might have beneficial and sustained effects on neuro-repair processes after stroke. There is a need for more data on the effect of combining rehabilitation programs with stroke recovery treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijasri C Suwanwela
- Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn Stroke Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christopher L H Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - San San Tay
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thirugnanam Umapathi
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Campus, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Herminigildo H Gan
- Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center, San Lazaro Compound, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Jose C Navarro
- Jose R Reyes Medical Center, Neuroscience Institute St Luke's Medical Center, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hui Meng Chang
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel M Advincula
- West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo, Philippines
| | | | - Bernard P L Chan
- National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos L Chua
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - H Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Annasihena Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Gaik Bee Eow
- Penang Hospital, Jalan Residensi, George Town, Malaysia
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Lee YS, Kwon S, Chae Y, Jang BH, Ko SG. A retrospective cohort study on the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients with adjuvant Korean Medicine treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1656. [PMID: 29374270 PMCID: PMC5786017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the long-term effect of adjuvant treatment in Korean Medicine (KM) clinics in ischemic stroke patients, using a national sample cohort from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea between 2010 and 2013. The National Health Insurance Service - National Sample Cohort database from 2002 to 2013 was used in this study. Ischemic stroke patients were defined and covariates were included to account for socioeconomic variables, comorbidities and disease severity. Propensity score matching was applied. Cox proportional hazards modeling and Kaplan-Meier analysis were applied to determine the differences between KM and non-KM treated groups. The results shows that KM-treated group had a higher probability of survival than non-KM group patients. No significant difference was observed between the risk of readmission between the treated and non-treated patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a weak effect of KM treatments in the patients with 8 to 28 days of hospital stay for a lower risk of recurrence than in non-treated patients. In conclusion, KM treatment of mild to moderate ischemic stroke patients has a mild effect on the survival probability of stroke. Its effect for improving long-term recurrence need to be explored in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Toward Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine: Status Quo, Opportunities and Challenges. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:163-170. [PMID: 29340887 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
How to test the treatments of Chinese medicine (CM) and make them more widely accepted by practitioners of Western medicine and the international healthcare community is a major concern for practitioners and researchers of CM. For centuries, various approaches have been used to identify and measure the efficacy and safety of CM. However, the high-quality evidence related to CM that produced in China is still rare. Over the recent years, evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been increasingly applied to CM, strengthening its theoretical basis. This paper reviews the past and present state of CM, analyzes the status quo, challenges and opportunities of basic research, clinical trials, systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and clinical pathways and evidence-based education developed or conducted in China, pointing out how EBM can help to make CM more widely used and recognized worldwide.
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Wang JF, Mei ZG, Fu Y, Yang SB, Zhang SZ, Huang WF, Xiong L, Zhou HJ, Tao W, Feng ZT. Puerarin protects rat brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:989-998. [PMID: 29926825 PMCID: PMC6022469 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin suppresses autophagy to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and accumulating evidence indicates that the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway regulates the activation of the autophagy pathway through the coordinated phosphorylation of ULK1. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of puerarin and its role in modulating autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin, 50 or 100 mg/kg, daily for 7 days. Then, 30 minutes after the final administration, rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes. Then, after 24 hours of reperfusion, the Longa score and infarct volume were evaluated in each group. Autophagosome formation was observed by transmission electron microscopy. LC3, Beclin-1 p62, AMPK, mTOR and ULK1 protein expression levels were examined by immunofluorescence and western blot assay. Puerarin substantially reduced the Longa score and infarct volume, and it lessened autophagosome formation in the hippocampal CA1 area following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with puerarin (50 or 100 mg/kg) reduced Beclin-1 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, as well as p-AMPK and pS317-ULK1 levels. In comparison, it increased p62 expression. Furthermore, puerarin at 100 mg/kg dramatically increased the levels of p-mTOR and pS757-ULK1 in the hippocampus on the ischemic side. Our findings suggest that puerarin alleviates autophagy by activating the APMK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. Thus, puerarin might have therapeutic potential for treating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Wang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Mei
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Song-Bai Yang
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Zhang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hua-Jun Zhou
- The Institute of Neurology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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Acute and long-term cardioprotective effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine MLC901 against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14701. [PMID: 29089640 PMCID: PMC5665902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MLC901, a traditional Chinese medicine containing a cocktail of active molecules, both reduces cerebral infarction and improves recovery in patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and long-term benefits of MLC901 in ischemic and reperfused mouse hearts. Ex vivo, under physiological conditions, MLC901 did not show any modification in heart rate and contraction amplitude. However, upon an ischemic insult, MLC901 administration during reperfusion, improved coronary flow in perfused hearts. In vivo, MLC901 (4 µg/kg) intravenous injection 5 minutes before reperfusion provided a decrease in both infarct size (49.8%) and apoptosis (49.9%) after 1 hour of reperfusion. Akt and ERK1/2 survival pathways were significantly activated in the myocardium of those mice. In the 4-month clinical follow-up upon an additional continuous per os administration, MLC901 treatment decreased cardiac injury as revealed by a 45%-decrease in cTnI plasmatic concentrations and an improved cardiac performance assessed by echocardiography. A histological analysis revealed a 64%-decreased residual scar fibrosis and a 44%-increased vascular density in the infarct region. This paper demonstrates that MLC901 treatment was able to provide acute and long-term cardioprotective effects in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.
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Zhang C, Tao W, Zhang J, Liu M, Li J. Neuroaid for improving recovery after ischemic stroke. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009757.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Canfei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology; Department of Neurology; No. 24, Jinghua Road Luoyang Henan Province China 471003
| | - Wendan Tao
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Jing Zhang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Neurology; No. 45, Changchun Street Beijing Beijing China 100053
| | - Ming Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Department of Neurology; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Jie Li
- People's Hospital of Deyang City; Department of Neurology; No.173, Taishan North Road Deyang Sichuan China 618000
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Pakdaman H, Amini Harandi A, Abbasi M, Delavar Kasmaei H, Ashrafi F, Gharagozli K, Assarzadegan F, Behnam B, Arabahmadi M. Efficacy and Safety of MLC601 in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2017. [PMID: 28626468 PMCID: PMC5471755 DOI: 10.1159/000458521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by declined cognitive function greater than that expected for a person's age. The clinical significance of this condition is its possible progression to dementia. MLC601 is a natural neuroprotective medication that has shown promising effects in Alzheimer disease. Accordingly, we conducted this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MLC601 in MCI patients. METHODS Seventy-two patients with a diagnosis of MCI were recruited. The included participants were randomly assigned to groups to receive either MLC601 or placebo. An evaluation of global cognitive function was performed at baseline as well as at 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Global cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) scores. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing global function scores between the 2 groups during the study period. Safety assessment included adverse events (AEs) and abnormal laboratory results. RESULTS Seventy patients completed the study, 34 in the MLC601 group and 36 in the placebo group. The mean changes (±SD) in cognition scores over 6 months in the MLC601 group were -2.26 (±3.42) for the MMSE and 3.82 (±6.16) for the ADAS-cog; in the placebo group, they were -2.66 (±3.43) for the MMSE and 4.41 (±6.66) for the ADAS-cog. The cognition changes based on both MMSE and ADAS-cog scores were statistically significant between the placebo and the MLC601 group (p < 0.001). Only 5 patients (14.7%) reported minor AEs in the MLC601 group, the most commonly reported of which were gastrointestinal, none of them leading to patient withdrawal. CONCLUSION MLC601 has shown promising efficacy and acceptable AEs in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Pakdaman
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amini Harandi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Delavar Kasmaei
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Ashrafi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koroush Gharagozli
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Assarzadegan
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behdad Behnam
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Arabahmadi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kumar R, Htwe O, Baharudin A, Ariffin MH, Abdul Rhani S, Ibrahim K, Rustam A, Gan R. Spinal Cord Injury-Assessing Tolerability and Use of Combined Rehabilitation and NeuroAiD (SATURN Study): Protocol of An Exploratory Study In Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of NeuroAiD Amongst People Who Sustain Severe Spinal Cord Injury. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e230. [PMID: 27919862 PMCID: PMC5168536 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with limited therapeutic options despite decades of research. Current treatment options include use of steroids, surgery, and rehabilitation. Nevertheless, many patients with SCI remain disabled. MLC601 (NeuroAiD), a combination of natural products, has been shown to be safe and to aid neurological recovery after brain injuries and may have a potential role in improving recovery after SCI. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NeuroAiD amongst people who sustain SCI in the study setting. METHODS Spinal Cord Injury-Assessing Tolerability and Use of Combined Rehabilitation and NeuroAiD (SATURN) is a prospective cohort study of patients with moderately severe to severe SCI, defined as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A and B. These patients will be treated with open-label NeuroAiD for 6 months in addition to standard care and followed for 24 months. Anonymized data will be prospectively collected at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 and will include information on demographics; main diagnostics; and neurological and functional state assessed by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, ASIA-International Standard for Neurological Classification Spinal Cord Injury, and Short Form (SF-8) Health Survey. In addition, NeuroAiD treatment, compliance, concomitant therapies, and side effects, if any, will be collected. Investigators will use a secured online system for data entry. The study is approved by the ethics committee of Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia. RESULTS The coprimary endpoints are safety, AIS grade, and improvement in ASIA motor score at 6 months. Secondary endpoints are AIS grade, ASIA motor scores and sensory scores, Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), SF-8 Health Survey, and compliance at other time points. CONCLUSIONS SATURN investigates the promising role of NeuroAiD in SCI especially given its excellent safety profile. We described here the protocol and online data collection tool we will use for this prospective cohort study. The selection of moderately severe to severe SCI provides an opportunity to investigate the role of NeuroAiD in addition to standard rehabilitation in patients with poor prognosis. The results will provide important information on the feasibility of conducting larger controlled trials to improve long-term outcome of patients with SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02537899; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02537899 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6m2pncVTG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ohnmar Htwe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Baharudin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hisam Ariffin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaharuddin Abdul Rhani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamalnizat Ibrahim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Robert Gan
- Medical Affairs, Moleac, Biopolis Way, Singapore
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Chio CC, Lin MT, Chang CP, Lin HJ. A positive correlation exists between neurotrauma and TGF-β1-containing microglia in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:1063-1069. [PMID: 27759956 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates many processes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both Neuro AiD™ (MLC601) and astragaloside (AST) attenuate microglia activation in rats with TBI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether MLC601 or AST improves output of TBI by affecting microglial expression of TGF-β1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (120 in number) were used to investigate the contribution of TGF-β1-containing microglia in the MLC601-mediated or the AST-mediated neuroprotection in the brain trauma condition using lateral fluid percussion injury. RESULTS Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between brain injury (evidenced by both brain contused volume and neurological severity score) and the cortical numbers of TGF-β1-containing microglia for the rats (n = 12) 4 days post-TBI. MLC601 or AST significantly (P < 0·05) attenuated TBI-induced brain contused volume (119 ± 14 mm3 or 108 ± 11 mm3 vs. 160 ± 21 mm3 ), neurological severity score (7·8 ± 0·3 or 8·1 ± 0·4 vs. 10·2 ± 0·5) and numbers of TGF-β1-containing microglia (6% ± 2% or 11% ± 3% vs. 79% ± 7%) for the rats 4 days post-TBI. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive correlation between TBI and cortical numbers of TGF-β1-containing microglia which could be significantly attenuated by astragaloside or NeuroAiD™ (MLC601) in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Venketasubramanian N, Lee CF, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque Ii AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Suwanwela NC, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Chen CLH. Prognostic Factors and Pattern of Long-Term Recovery with MLC601 (NeuroAiD™) in the Chinese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke Recovery - Extension Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 43:36-42. [PMID: 27846631 DOI: 10.1159/000452285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery - Extension (CHIMES-E) study is among the few acute stroke trials with long-term outcome data. We aimed to evaluate the recovery pattern and the influence of prognostic factors on treatment effect of MLC601 over 2 years. METHODS The CHIMES-E study evaluated the 2 years outcome of subjects aged ≥18 years with acute ischemic stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 6-14, pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤1 included in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MLC601 for 3 months. Standard stroke care and rehabilitation were allowed during follow-up with mRS score being assessed in-person at month (M) 3 and by telephone at M1, M6, M12, M18 and M24. RESULTS Data from 880 subjects were analyzed. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between treatment groups. The proportion of subjects with mRS score 0-1 increased over time in favor of MLC601 most notably from M3 to M6, thereafter remaining stable up to M24, while the proportion deteriorating to mRS score ≥2 remained low at all time points. Older age (p < 0.01), female sex (p = 0.06), higher baseline NIHSS score (p < 0.01) and longer onset to treatment time (OTT; p < 0.01) were found to be predictors of poorer outcome at M3. Greater treatment effect, with more subjects improving on MLC601 than placebo, was seen among subjects with 2 or more prognostic factors (OR 1.65 at M3, 1.78 at M6, 1.90 at M12, 1.65 at M18, 1.39 at M24), especially in subjects with more severe stroke or longer OTT. CONCLUSIONS The sustained benefits of MLC601 over 2 years were due to more subjects improving to functional independence at M6 and beyond compared to placebo. Selection of subjects with poorer prognosis, particularly those with more severe NIHSS score and longer OTT delay, as well as a long follow-up period, may improve the power of future trials investigating the treatment effect of neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies.
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Navarro JC, Chen CL, Lee CF, Gan HH, Lao AY, Baroque AC, Hiyadan JHB, Chua CL, San Jose MC, Advincula JM, Venketasubramanian N. Durability of the beneficial effect of MLC601 (NeuroAiD™) on functional recovery among stroke patients from the Philippines in the CHIMES and CHIMES-E studies. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:285-291. [PMID: 27784824 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim A pre-specified country analysis of subjects from the Philippines in the CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) Study showed significantly improved functional and neurological outcomes on MLC601 at month (M) 3. We aimed to assess these effects on long-term functional recovery in the Filipino cohort. Methods The CHIMES-E (extension) Study evaluated subjects who completed three months of randomized placebo-controlled treatment in CHIMES up to two years. Blinding of treatment allocation was maintained and all subjects received standard stroke care and rehabilitation. Modified Rankin Score (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were assessed in-person at M3 and by telephone at M6, M12, M18, M24. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for functional recovery using ordinal analysis of mRS and for achieving functional independence (mRS 0-1 or BI ≥ 95) at each time point were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), onset-to-treatment time (OTT) and pre-stroke mRS. Results The 378 subjects (MLC601 192, placebo 186) included in CHIMES-E from the Philippines (mean age 60.2 ± 11.1) had more women ( p < 0.001), worse baseline NIHSS ( p < 0.001) and longer onset to treatment time ( p = 0.002) compared to other countries. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. The treatment effect of MLC601 seen at M3 peaked at M6 with OR for mRS shift of 1.53 (95% CI 1.05-2.22), mRS dichotomy 0-1 of 1.77 (95% CI 1.10-2.83), and BI ≥ 95 of 1.87 (95% CI 1.16-3.02). The beneficial effect persisted up to M24. Conclusion The beneficial effect of MLC601 seen at M3 in the Filipino cohort is durable up to two years after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- 1 University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christopher Lh Chen
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun F Lee
- 3 School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Annabelle Y Lao
- 5 Davao Medical School Foundation Hospital, San Pedro Hospital, Davao City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Carlos L Chua
- 7 Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma Cristina San Jose
- 7 Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joel M Advincula
- 8 West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo City, Philippines
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Layne K, Ferro A. Traditional Chinese medicines in the management of cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:20-32. [PMID: 27195823 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to perform a systematic review of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in cardiovascular disease. METHODS Electronic databases were searched up to 11 November 2015 for all randomized-controlled trials evaluating the effect of TCM in hypertension, ischaemic stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. RESULTS Four hypertension studies were eligible for statistical analysis and included 133 patients receiving TCM and 130 control patients. There were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure in patients receiving TCM, comparable to results achieved with pharmaceutical medicines. An OR of 3.781 (95% confidence interval 2.392, 5.977; P = 0.000) was observed for the anti-hypertensive effect of TCM. Significant heterogeneity was present (P = 0.011), with a tendency towards publication bias that did not reach significance (P = 0.05275). Outcome measures for other cardiovascular diseases were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Certain TCM compounds appear to have significant anti-hypertensive effects, and although some are associated in some studies with improved outcomes in coronary heart disease, heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the data are inconsistent and will require large-scale randomized-controlled trials to allow full evaluation of any potential therapeutic benefit in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Layne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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Takayama S, Iwasaki K. Systematic review of traditional Chinese medicine for geriatrics. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:679-688. [PMID: 27273639 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Geriatrics Society revised its criteria for the medical treatment and safety of the elderly in 2015. The Japan Geriatrics Society guidelines contain a chapter for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM; traditional medicines in East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam and Singapore), because it is widely used for elderly patients and is sometimes covered by national medical insurance in Japan. The updated guidelines should be improved based on a comprehensive, systematic review and evidence grading. TCM is rapidly expanding in the literature, and is under intensive investigation in clinical trials. The objective of the present trial was to review TCM systematically and reflect the results to update the TCM chapter of the Japan Geriatrics Society guidelines. Here, we introduce the results of the systemic review of TCM for geriatrics. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 679-688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koh Iwasaki
- Center for the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Home Healthcare, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Iwanuma, Miyagi, Japan
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Abstract
Stroke is the second foremost cause of mortality worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. Due to changes in lifestyle and an aging population, the incidence of stroke continues to increase and stroke mortality predicted to exceed 12 % by the year 2030. However, the development of pharmacological treatments for stroke has failed to progress much in over 20 years since the introduction of the thrombolytic drug, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. These alarming circumstances caused many research groups to search for alternative treatments in the form of neuroprotectants. Here, we consider the potential use of phytochemicals in the treatment of stroke. Their historical use in traditional medicine and their excellent safety profile make phytochemicals attractive for the development of therapeutics in human diseases. Emerging findings suggest that some phytochemicals have the ability to target multiple pathophysiological processes involved in stroke including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of plant sources rich in phytochemicals may reduce stroke risk, and so reinforce the possibility of developing preventative or neuroprotectant therapies for stroke. In this review, we describe results of preclinical studies that demonstrate beneficial effects of phytochemicals in experimental models relevant to stroke pathogenesis, and we consider their possible mechanisms of action.
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A pharmacogenomic profile of human neural progenitors undergoing differentiation in the presence of the traditional Chinese medicine NeuroAiD. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:461-71. [PMID: 27044682 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NeuroAiD, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat stroke patients in China, was recently demonstrated in rodent models and in clinical trials to possess neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties. In order to understand the mechanisms employed by NeuroAiD to bring about its neuroproliferative and neuroprotective effects, we investigated the impact of MLC901, a reformulated version of MLC601, on human neural progenitors undergoing neural differentiation at the molecular level by performing three independent microarray experiments. Functional annotations of the genes regulated by MLC901 that were associated with neurogenesis were found to be enriched. We also identified potential targets (FGF19, GALR2, MMP10, FGF3 and TDO2) of MLC901 that could promote neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the human brain. This work highlighted some interesting targets and offered some insights into the possible mechanism of action of MLC901. The discovery could also provide a platform to the development of future therapeutic targets.
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Lee CF, Venketasubramanian N, Wong KSL, Chen CLH. Comparison Between the Original and Shortened Versions of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke Patients of Intermediate Severity. Stroke 2015; 47:236-9. [PMID: 26628386 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 15-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) has been critiqued for its complexity and variability, and shortened versions have been proposed. This study aimed to compare the measurement properties of the original version with 3 shortened versions with 11, 8, and 5 items, respectively. METHODS Analyses were performed using data from an international, double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of MLC601 on stroke recovery in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity (Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery [CHIMES]). To compare discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the effect sizes of the NIHSS scores in relation to modified Rankin Scale, mini-mental status examination, and Barthel index were estimated using regression analysis. RESULTS For both discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the original version exhibited a larger effect size (0.55 and 0.84) in relation to modified Rankin Scale than the other 3 shortened versions (0.35-0.46 and 0.74-0.78). CONCLUSIONS The original 15-item NIHSS retained information that made it more discriminative and responsive to change than the shortened versions. We recommend future clinical researchers to use the full version NIHSS to evaluate patients' stroke severity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00554723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fan Lee
- From the Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore (C.F.L.); Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore (N.V.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories (K.S.L.W.); and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore (C.L.H.C.).
| | - Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
- From the Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore (C.F.L.); Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore (N.V.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories (K.S.L.W.); and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore (C.L.H.C.)
| | - K S Lawrence Wong
- From the Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore (C.F.L.); Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore (N.V.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories (K.S.L.W.); and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore (C.L.H.C.)
| | - Christopher L H Chen
- From the Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore (C.F.L.); Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore (N.V.); Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories (K.S.L.W.); and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore (C.L.H.C.)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION NeuroAiD (MLC601, MLC901), a combination of natural products, has been shown to be safe and to aid neurological recovery after brain injuries. The NeuroAiD Safe Treatment (NeST) Registry aims to assess its use and safety in the real-world setting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The NeST Registry is designed as a product registry that would provide information on the use and safety of NeuroAiD in clinical practice. An online NeST Registry was set up to allow easy entry and retrieval of essential information including demographics, medical conditions, clinical assessments of neurological, functional and cognitive state, compliance, concomitant medications, and side effects, if any, among patients on NeuroAiD. Patients who are taking or have been prescribed NeuroAiD may be included. Participation is voluntary. Data collected are similar to information obtained during standard care and are prospectively entered by the participating physicians at baseline (before initialisation of NeuroAiD) and during subsequent visits. The primary outcome assessed is safety (ie, non-serious and serious adverse event), while compliance and neurological status over time are secondary outcomes. The in-person follow-up assessments are timed with clinical appointments. Anonymised data will be extracted and collectively analysed. Initial target sample size for the registry is 2000. Analysis will be performed after every 500 participants entered with completed follow-up information. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Doctors who prescribe NeuroAiD will be introduced to the registry by local partners. The central coordinator of the registry will discuss the protocol and requirements for implementation with doctors who show interest. Currently, the registry has been approved by the Ethics Committees of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia) and National Brain Center (Indonesia). In addition, for other countries, Ethics Committee approval will be obtained in accordance with local requirements. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02536079.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lyna Soertidewi
- Department of Neurology, National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tang Q, Li G, Liu T, Wang A, Feng S, Liao X, Jin Y, Guo Z, He B, McClure MA, Xing G, Mu Q. Modulation of interhemispheric activation balance in motor-related areas of stroke patients with motor recovery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The beneficial effects of the herbal medicine Di-huang-yin-zi (DHYZ) on patients with ischemic stroke: A Randomized, Placebo controlled clinical study. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Venketasubramanian N, Lee CF, Wong KSL, Chen CLH. The value of patient selection in demonstrating treatment effect in stroke recovery trials: lessons from the CHIMES study of MLC601 (NeuroAiD). J Evid Based Med 2015; 8:149-53. [PMID: 26291445 PMCID: PMC5054909 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The CHIMES Study compared MLC601 to placebo in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity in the preceding 72 hours. We aimed to verify if patient selection based on two prognostic factors (ie, stroke severity and time to treatment) improves detection of a treatment effect with MLC601. METHODS Analyses were performed using data from the CHIMES Study, an international, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial comparing MLC601 to placebo in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity in the preceding 72 hours. Three subgroups, that is, onset to treatment time (OTT) ≥48 hours; baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥10; both OTT ≥48 hours and baseline NIHSS ≥10, were analyzed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤1 and a composite endpoint of mRS ≤1, Barthel Index ≥95, and NIHSS ≤1 at month 3. RESULTS Placebo response rates were lower (ie, worse natural outcome) among subgroups with prognostic factors. Conversely, MLC601 treatment effects were significantly higher in the subgroups with prognostic factors than for the entire cohort, being highest among patients with both OTT ≥48 hours and baseline NIHSS of 10 to 14: odds ratios of 2.18 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.65) for month 3 mRS ≤1 and 3.88 (95% CI 1.03 to 14.71) for the composite endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Patients who have moderately severe strokes and longer OTT demonstrate better treatment effects with MLC601. These factors can guide patient selection in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher L. H. Chen
- Department of PharmacologyClinical Research Centre, National University of SingaporeSingapore
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Venketasubramanian N, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Suwanwela NC, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Lee CF, Chen CLH. CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke Recovery - Extension Study (CHIMES-E): A Multicenter Study of Long-Term Efficacy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 39:309-318. [PMID: 25925713 DOI: 10.1159/000382082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) study was an international randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of MLC601 (NeuroAiD) in subjects with cerebral infarction of intermediate severity within 72 h. CHIMES-E (Extension) aimed at evaluating the effects of the initial 3-month treatment with MLC601 on long-term outcome for up to 2 years. METHODS All subjects randomized in CHIMES were eligible for CHIMES-E. Inclusion criteria for CHIMES were age ≥18, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 6-14, and pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤1. Initial CHIMES treatment allocation blinding was maintained, although no further study treatment was provided in CHIMES-E. Subjects received standard care and rehabilitation as prescribed by the treating physician. mRS, Barthel Index (BI), and occurrence of medical events were ascertained at months 6, 12, 18, and 24. The primary outcome was mRS at 24 months. Secondary outcomes were mRS and BI at other time points. RESULTS CHIMES-E included 880 subjects (mean age 61.8 ± 11.3; 36% women). Adjusted OR for mRS ordinal analysis was 1.08 (95% CI 0.85-1.37, p = 0.543) and mRS dichotomy ≤1 was 1.29 (95% CI 0.96-1.74, p = 0.093) at 24 months. However, the treatment effect was significantly in favor of MLC601 for mRS dichotomy ≤1 at 6 months (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.01, p = 0.008), 12 months (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.90, p = 0.023), and 18 months (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83, p = 0.045), and for BI dichotomy ≥95 at 6 months (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.10, p = 0.005) but not at other time points. Subgroup analyses showed no treatment heterogeneity. Rates of death and occurrence of vascular and other medical events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS While the benefits of a 3-month treatment with MLC601 did not reach statistical significance for the primary endpoint at 2 years, the odds of functional independence defined as mRS ≤1 was significantly increased at 6 months and persisted up to 18 months after a stroke.
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Developing traditional chinese medicine in the era of evidence-based medicine: current evidences and challenges. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:425037. [PMID: 25949261 PMCID: PMC4407626 DOI: 10.1155/2015/425037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM), by integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research, has in recent years been established as the standard of modern medical practice for greater treatment efficacy and safety. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), on the other hand, evolved as a system of medical practice from ancient China more than 2000 years ago based on empirical knowledge as well as theories and concepts which are yet to be mapped by scientific equivalents. Despite the expanding TCM usage and the recognition of its therapeutic benefits worldwide, the lack of robust evidence from the EBM perspective is hindering acceptance of TCM by the Western medicine community and its integration into mainstream healthcare. For TCM to become an integral component of the healthcare system so that its benefits can be rationally harnessed in the best interests of patients, it is essential for TCM to demonstrate its efficacy and safety by high-level evidence in accordance with EBM, though much debate remains on the validity and feasibility of applying the EBM model on this traditional practice. This review aims to discuss the current status of research in TCM, explore the evidences available on its efficacy and safety, and highlight the issues and challenges faced in applying EBM to TCM.
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Lorivel T, Gandin C, Veyssière J, Lazdunski M, Heurteaux C. Positive effects of the traditional Chinese medicine MLC901 in cognitive tasks. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1648-63. [PMID: 25821139 PMCID: PMC6681465 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MLC901 (NurAiDII) is used as a treatment for stroke patients. It has been shown that MLC901 improves motor and cognitive recovery in ischemic and traumatic brain‐injured rodents. The present study seeks to delineate cognitive effects induced by MLC901 in normal, noninjured mice. To this end, the behaviors of vehicle‐ and MLC901‐treated C57BL/6 mice in hippocampus‐dependent (passive avoidance, Morris water maze) and hippocampus‐independent (novel object recognition) cognitive tasks are compared. The potential influence of the compound on the anxiety level and nycthemeral rhythm of mice is also assessed. In addition, the long‐term effects of MLC901 on hippocampal neurogenesis are measured. The results clearly demonstrate that MLC901 promotes extinction in passive avoidance and reversal learning in the Morris water maze and improves the performance of mice in novel object recognition. In parallel, this study shows the long‐term proneurogenesis effects of MLC901 that result in the increase in the number of mature neurons in the hippocampus. If these observations can be extended to humans, then MLC901 could represent a promising therapeutic strategy. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lorivel
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7275), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - C Gandin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7275), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - J Veyssière
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7275), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - M Lazdunski
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7275), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - C Heurteaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7275), Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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