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Maldonado C, Cáceres A, Burgos A, Hinojosa D, Enríquez S, Celi-Erazo M, Vaca F, Ron L, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R, Benítez-Ortiz W, Martínez-Fresneda M, Eleizalde MC, Mendoza M, Navarro JC, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Seroprevalence of trypanosomosis and associated risk factors in cattle from coast and amazonian provinces of Ecuador. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10333-z. [PMID: 38369611 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosomosis is a tropical disease caused by various protozoan haemoparasites, which affects wild and domestic animals, the latter ones related to worldwide livestock production systems. Species such as Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi have been described using serological and molecular tools in several countries from South and Central America. However, Ecuador presents a relevant knowledge gap in the associated general epidemiology and risk factors of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle from different regions of Ecuador. 745 serum samples from 7 Coastal and 3 Amazon provinces were screened for IgG anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies, using an in-house indirect ELISA. The seropositivity was explored and associated with several variables such as sex, age, breed, region, management, and province, using statistical tools. The general seroprevalence of trypanosomosis was 19.1% (95% CI: 16.30-22.1%). The Amazonian provinces of Sucumbíos and Napo and the Coastal province of Esmeraldas presented the highest seroprevalence values of 36.7% (95% CI: 27.67-46.47%), 23.64% (95% CI: 16.06-32.68%) and 25% (95% CI: 15.99-35.94%), respectively. Statistical significance was found for the region, province, and management variables, indicating as relevant risk factors the extensive management and Amazon location of the cattle analyzed. Specific actions should be taken to identify the exact species on reservoirs and susceptible hosts, evaluate the implication of farm management and cattle movement as risk factors, and implement surveillance and treatment plans for affected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maldonado
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - A Cáceres
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - A Burgos
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - D Hinojosa
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - S Enríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - F Vaca
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L Ron
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - W Benítez-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Martínez-Fresneda
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - M C Eleizalde
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J C Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - J R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador.
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador.
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Lee TH, Uchiyama S, Kusuma Y, Chiu HC, Navarro JC, Tan KS, Pandian J, Guo L, Wong Y, Venketasubramanian N. A systematic-search-and-review of registered pharmacological therapies investigated to improve neuro-recovery after a stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1346177. [PMID: 38356890 PMCID: PMC10866005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1346177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke burden is largely due to long-term impairments requiring prolonged care with loss of productivity. We aimed to identify and assess studies of different registered pharmacological therapies as treatments to improve post-stroke impairments and/or disabilities. Methods We performed a systematic-search-and-review of treatments that have been investigated as recovery-enhancing or recovery-promoting therapies in adult patients with stroke. The treatment must have received registration or market authorization in any country regardless of primary indication. Outcomes included in the review were neurological impairments and functional/disability assessments. "The best available studies" based on study design, study size, and/or date of publication were selected and graded for level of evidence (LOE) by consensus. Results Our systematic search yielded 7,801 citations, and we reviewed 665 full-text papers. Fifty-eight publications were selected as "the best studies" across 25 pharmacological classes: 31 on ischemic stroke, 21 on ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, 4 on intracerebral hemorrhage, and 2 on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Twenty-six were systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 29 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and three were cohort studies. Only nimodipine for SAH had LOE A of benefit (systematic review and network meta-analysis). Many studies, some of which showed treatment effects, were assessed as LOE C-LD, mainly due to small sample sizes or poor quality. Seven interventions had LOE B-R (systematic review/meta-analysis or RCT) of treatment effects. Conclusion Only one commercially available treatment has LOE A for routine use in stroke. Further studies of putative neuroprotective drugs as adjunctive treatment to revascularization procedures and more confirmatory trials on recovery-promoting therapies will enhance the certainty of their benefit. The decision on their use must be guided by the clinical profile, neurological impairments, and target outcomes based on the available evidence. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=376973, PROSPERO, CRD42022376973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hou Chang Chiu
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kay Sin Tan
- University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Liang Guo
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoko Wong
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation, Singapore, Singapore
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Batino LKJ, Cinco MTT, Navarro JC, Badillo SPJ, Qureshi AI, Sharma VK. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in bacterial meningitis: A systematic review. J Clin Ultrasound 2024; 52:78-85. [PMID: 37915120 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacterial meningitis remains a global threat due to its high mortality. It is estimated that >1.2 million cases of bacterial meningitis are reported annually. Intracranial vasculopathy is an important, under-documented complication, easily detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. Following the PRISMA Guidelines, we reviewed the utility of TCD in bacterial meningitis. METHODS This is a systematic review of observational studies on the use of TCD in patients with CSF-proven bacterial meningitis. Characteristic changes in TCD parameters along the course of the disease, correlation of TCD findings with neuroimaging, and functional outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Nine studies were included with a total of 492 participants (mean age of 42). The most common TCD finding was intracranial arterial stenosis of the MCA (50%-82%) and ischemia (33%) was the predominant neuroimaging finding. The presence of an abnormal TCD finding increased the risk of poor outcomes as high as 70%. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis who underwent TCD show alterations in cerebral blood flow, correlating with imaging findings and poor outcomes. It aids in the diagnosis of its sequelae and can predict the prognosis of its outcome. TCD is a cost-effective, reliable modality for diagnosing vasculopathy associated with bacterial meningitis. It may prove useful in our armamentarium of management. Large prospective studies with long-term follow-up data may help establish the use of TCD in bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Kristoffer J Batino
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Timothy T Cinco
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Stephanie Patricia J Badillo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Adnan I Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Escasura MIC, Navarro JC. Predictive factors for clinical outcomes in Filipino patients with watershed infarction: A single center study. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 31:100450. [PMID: 36908808 PMCID: PMC9995929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Watershed infarcts denote ischemic lesions involving the distal territories of two major arteries. For years, hypotheses on its pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed. Yet, the cause is still widely debated. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of watershed strokes and compare their clinical outcomes to acute ischemic stroke from other causes and predict the factors affecting clinical outcomes in patients with watershed infarcts. Methods This single-center, comparative, six-years retrospective cohort study included patients with a diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Patients were classified under watershed group or acute ischemic stroke based on their neuroimaging findings. Stroke mechanisms were determined between groups as well as the factors associated with clinical outcomes in watershed strokes. Results Among the 424 patients included in the study, large artery atherosclerosis was seen in greater frequency in patients with watershed infarcts regardless of the type (EWIs: n = 68, 73% vs IWIs: n = 89, 75%). No differences observed in the clinical outcomes between groups. Multiple variable analysis showed that age, female sex, high NIHSS score and presence of underlying malignancy were associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusion Clinical outcomes between watershed infarcts and acute ischemic strokes were similar. Hemodynamic compromise in the setting of severe stenosis is the underlying mechanism for both types of watershed strokes thus, the goal of treatment is to maintain adequate perfusion. High baseline NIHSS score, increased age, female gender and underlying malignancy were all poor predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with watershed strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Irene C. Escasura
- Stroke Service, Institute of Neurological Sciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jose C. Navarro
- Stroke Service, Institute of Neurological Sciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Neurology, Jose R Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, City, Philippines
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Badillo SPJ, Navarro JC, Qureshi AI, Sharma VK. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in tuberculous meningitis: A systematic review. J Neuroimaging 2023. [PMID: 36991548 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is a common type of central nervous system infection, and may cause multifocal cerebral infarctions due to the involvement of cerebral vasculature. This systematic review aims to review and synthesize the utility of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in TB meningitis. METHODS This is a systematic review of observational studies on the use of TCD in patients diagnosed to have TB meningitis. Study outcomes included changes in TCD parameters during stages of TB meningitis, frequency of neurologic complications (such as hydrocephalus, vasculopathy, and cerebral infarction), correlation of TCD findings with neuroimaging, and functional outcomes. RESULTS Five studies were included with a total of 141 participants, with ages from 4 months to 75 years. The most common neurologic complication was hydrocephalus (87.1%), cerebral infarction (29.2%), and arterial stenosis (26.3%). There was increased mean flow velocity (MFV) most commonly in the middle cerebral artery in the early stage of TB meningitis, and decreased MFV in the advanced disease stage. TCD findings of stenosis were well correlated with CT or MR angiogram. Among patients with hydrocephalus, pulsatility indices were significantly decreased after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of patients with TB meningitis develop cerebral hemodynamic disturbances which lead to cerebral ischemia and affect clinical outcomes. TCD is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of vasculopathy and increased intracranial pressure and can thus help monitor disease progression and treatment response. Future studies with larger populations and longer follow-ups are recommended to determine the association of TCD findings with functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Patricia J Badillo
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon, Philippines
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Adnan I Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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6
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De la Cadena E, Camacho M, Vaca F, Enríquez S, Eleizalde MC, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Mendoza M, Navarro JC, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri in cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 37:100824. [PMID: 36623904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma theileri is a cosmopolitan opportunistic haemoparasite described in wild and domestic ruminants, and also in arthropod vectors. The presence of this parasite has been reported in several South American countries, including Amazonian regions. Despite the importance of livestock production, Ecuador possesses scarce studies about trypanosomosis and no T. theileri reports in its territory. Here, we showed molecular evidences of the presence of T. theileri in cattle from a province located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Bovine blood samples were collected from 2014 to 2019, during campaigns to detect haemoparasites in the Ecuadorian provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat and used in PCR assays with three different molecular markers, ITS1, 18S and Cathepsin L-like. T. theileri was detected only in the Sucumbíos province, with a specific molecular prevalence of 8.6% (3/35) using the three primers and an additional animal detected as positive (11.4% prevalence) only by the ITS1 marker. DNA sequences derived from the generated amplicons were subjected to phylogenetics maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis, which indicate the presence of TthI and TthII genotypes circulating in the evaluated animals. Molecular surveillance should be continually implemented in Ecuador in order to deepen the epidemiological and evolutionary knowledge about T. theileri as well other haemoparasites in the amazon parts of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De la Cadena
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - M Camacho
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - F Vaca
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - S Enríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M C Eleizalde
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J Arrivillaga-Henríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Línea de Salud Ambiental, Calidad y Biodiversidad, Área Ambiente y Territorio, THC-FACSO, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J C Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - J R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador.
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Perez JALS, Dueñas ME, Lim SS, Mariano GSL, Navarro JC. A Case of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Postpartum Cerebral Angiopathy in a 32-Year-Old Primigravid Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Case Rep Neurol 2021; 13:620-627. [PMID: 34703452 PMCID: PMC8460947 DOI: 10.1159/000515476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case of a 32-year-old primigravid who developed sudden severe headache on the 7th day postpartum associated with focal neurologic deficits and altered sensorium. She had a GCS score of 6, anisocoric pupils and an NIHSS score of 31. Cranial MRI with MRA showed multifocal hyperacute to acute infarcts on the left occipital lobe, left thalamus, and midbrain which was more prominent on the right. Due to clinical deterioration, a repeat Cranial MRI with MRA was done and showed progression of infarcts involving both thalami and right pons with interval appearance of contour irregularities in the proximal anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, basilar and internal carotid arteries. Serial transcranial Doppler showed significant distal right middle cerebral artery vasospasm. She was managed as a case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, associated with postpartum cerebral angiopathy. Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone was started subsequently IVIG was initiated. Intravenous immunoglobulin was given for 5 days. The patient gradually improved, underwent rehabilitation therapy, and was discharged stable after 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manilen E Dueñas
- Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Senna S Lim
- Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Jose C Navarro
- Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
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Navarro JC, Venketasubramanian N. Stroke Burden and Services in the Philippines. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2021; 11:52-54. [PMID: 33975307 PMCID: PMC8216023 DOI: 10.1159/000516238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose C. Navarro
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Jose R Reyes Medical Center, St Luke's Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
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Iizuka S, Quintavalle M, Navarro JC, Gribbin KP, Ardecky RJ, Abelman MM, Ma CT, Sergienko E, Zeng FY, Pass I, Thomas GV, McWeeney SK, Hassig CA, Pinkerton AB, Courtneidge SA. Serine-Threonine Kinase TAO3-Mediated Trafficking of Endosomes Containing the Invadopodia Scaffold TKS5α Promotes Cancer Invasion and Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1472-1485. [PMID: 33414172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-based proteolytic membrane protrusions required for invasive behavior and tumor growth. In this study, we used our high-content screening assay to identify kinases whose activity affects invadopodia formation. Among the top hits selected for further analysis was TAO3, an STE20-like kinase of the GCK subfamily. TAO3 was overexpressed in many human cancers and regulated invadopodia formation in melanoma, breast, and bladder cancers. Furthermore, TAO3 catalytic activity facilitated melanoma growth in three-dimensional matrices and in vivo. A novel, potent catalytic inhibitor of TAO3 was developed that inhibited invadopodia formation and function as well as tumor cell extravasation and growth. Treatment with this inhibitor demonstrated that TAO3 activity is required for endosomal trafficking of TKS5α, an obligate invadopodia scaffold protein. A phosphoproteomics screen for TAO3 substrates revealed the dynein subunit protein LIC2 as a relevant substrate. Knockdown of LIC2 or expression of a phosphomimetic form promoted invadopodia formation. Thus, TAO3 is a new therapeutic target with a distinct mechanism of action. SIGNIFICANCE: An unbiased screening approach identifies TAO3 as a regulator of invadopodia formation and function, supporting clinical development of this class of target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Iizuka
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.,Department of Cell Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Jose C Navarro
- Department of Cell Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kyle P Gribbin
- Department of Cell Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert J Ardecky
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Matthew M Abelman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Chen-Ting Ma
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Fu-Yue Zeng
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ian Pass
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christian A Hassig
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. .,Department of Cell Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Wang X, Carcel C, Wang R, Li J, Bae HJ, Wang Y, Wang A, Wang Y, Toyoda K, Sui Y, Lee TH, Navarro JC, Sun MC, Anderson CS, Sharma V, Sandset EC, Woodward M. Worse prognosis in women, compared with men, after thrombolysis: An individual patient data pooling study of Asian acute stroke registries. Int J Stroke 2020; 16:784-791. [PMID: 32638639 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020938307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To examine sex differences in disease profiles and short-term outcomes after acute ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. METHODS Eight national and regional stroke registries contributed individual participant data from mainland China, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan in 2005-2018. The primary outcome was ordinal-modified Rankin scale at 90 days. Key safety outcome was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). RESULTS Of 4453 patients included in the analyses, 1692 (36.3%) were women who were older, more likely to have a more severe neurological deficit, history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation, and a cardioembolic stroke compared to men. Women were more likely than men to have unfavorable shift of modified Rankin scale (fully adjusted odds ratio) (women vs. men) 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.28). There was no significant sex difference for death 1.05 (0.84-1.31) or sICH (1.17, 0.89-1.54). Women were more likely to have unfavorable functional outcome with increasing age (P = 0.022 for interaction). In the age groups 70-80 and ≥80 years, women had a worse functional outcome compared to men (1.22, 1.02-1.47 and 1.43, and 1.06-1.92, respectively). CONCLUSION In this pooled data from Asian acute stroke registries, women had poorer prognosis than men after receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke, which worsened with age. Women older than 70 appear to have a worse outcome than men which could be explained by greater stroke severity, more AF, and cardioembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruigang Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, HeBei Province, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi Sui
- Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Shenyang, China
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Stroke Services, Department of Neurology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mu-Chien Sun
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China.,Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Health Heart Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Else C Sandset
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Kim BJ, Kwon SU, Park JH, Kim YJ, Hong KS, Wong LKS, Yu S, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Lee J, Rha JH, Heo SH, Ahn SH, Seo WK, Park JM, Lee JH, Kwon JH, Sohn SI, Jung JM, Navarro JC, Kim HY, Kim EG, Kim S, Cha JK, Park MS, Nam HS, Kang DW. Cilostazol Versus Aspirin in Ischemic Stroke Patients With High-Risk Cerebral Hemorrhage: Subgroup Analysis of the PICASSO Trial. Stroke 2019; 51:931-937. [PMID: 31856691 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.023855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Although cilostazol has shown less hemorrhagic events than aspirin, only marginal difference was observed in hemorrhagic stroke events among patients at high risk for cerebral hemorrhage. To identify patients who would most benefit from cilostazol, this study analyzed interactions between treatment and subgroups of the PICASSO trial (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Asian Ischemic Stroke Patients With High Risk of Cerebral Hemorrhage). Methods- Ischemic stroke patients with a previous intracerebral hemorrhage or multiple microbleeds were randomized to treatment with cilostazol or aspirin and followed up for a mean 1.8 years. Efficacy, defined as the composite of any stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death, and safety, defined as the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke, were analyzed in the 2 groups. Interactions between treatment and age, sex, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, index of high-risk cerebral hemorrhage, and white matter lesion burden were analyzed for primary and key secondary outcomes. Changes in vital signs and laboratory results were compared in the 2 groups. Results- Among all 1534 patients enrolled, a significant interaction between treatment group and index of high risk for cerebral hemorrhage on hemorrhagic stroke (P for interaction, 0.03) was observed. Hemorrhagic stroke was less frequent in the cilostazol than in the aspirin group in patients with multiple microbleeds (1 versus 13 events; hazard ratio, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.01-0.61]; P=0.01). A marginal interaction between treatment group and white matter change on any stroke (P for interaction, 0.08) was observed. Cilostazol reduced any stroke significantly in patients with mild (5 versus 16 events; hazard ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.13-0.97]; P=0.04)-to-moderate (16 versus 32 events; hazard ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.29-0.92]; P=0.03) white matter changes. Heart rate and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol level were significantly higher in the cilostazol group than in the aspirin group at follow-up. Conclusions- Cilostazol may be more beneficial for ischemic stroke patients with multiple cerebral microbleeds and before white matter changes are extensive. Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01013532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Joon Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (B.J.K., S.H.H.)
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology (S.U.K., D.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University, Myongji Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-H.P.)
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H.)
| | - Lawrence K S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong (L.K.S.W.)
| | - Sungwook Yu
- Department of Neurology, Anam Hospital (S.Y.), Korea University, Seoul
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center (J.S.L.), Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), Korea University, Seoul
| | - Jong-Ho Rha
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.R.)
| | - Sung Hyuk Heo
- From the Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (B.J.K., S.H.H.)
| | - Seong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (S.H.A.)
| | - Woo-Keun Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (W.-K.S.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P.)
| | - Ju-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University, Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea (S.-I.S.)
| | - Jin-Man Jung
- Department of Neurology, Ansan Hospital (J.-M.J.), Korea University, Seoul
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines (J.C.N.)
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.Y.K.)
| | - Eung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (E.-G.K.)
| | - Seongheon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (S.K.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C.)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-S.P.)
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea (H.S.N.)
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology (S.U.K., D.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Wang X, Li J, Moullaali TJ, Lee KJ, Kim BJ, Bae HJ, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang DZ, Wang Y, Kumamoto M, Toyoda K, Koga M, Sato S, Yoshimura S, Sui Y, Xu B, Xiao Y, Lee TH, Liou CW, Lee JD, Peng TI, Huang YC, Paliwal PR, Sharma M, Escabillas C, Navarro JC, Sun MC, Dong Y, Dong Q, Anderson CS, Sharma VK. Low-dose versus standard-dose alteplase in acute ischemic stroke in Asian stroke registries: an individual patient data pooling study. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:670-677. [PMID: 31226919 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019858777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of the low-dose versus standard-dose alteplase using real-world acute stroke registry data from Asian countries. METHODS Individual participant data were obtained from nine acute stroke registries from China, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan between 2005 and 2018. Inverse probability of treatment weight was used to remove baseline imbalances between those receiving low-dose versus standard-dose alteplase. The primary outcome was death or disability defined by modified Rankin Scale scores of 2 to 6 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and death. Generalized linear mixed models with the individual registry as a random intercept were performed to determine associations of treatment with low-dose alteplase and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 6250 patients (mean age 66 years, 36% women) included in these analyses, 1610 (24%) were treated with low-dose intravenous alteplase. Clinical outcomes for low-dose alteplase were not significantly different to those for standard-dose alteplase, adjusted odds ratios for death or disability: 1.00 (0.85-1.19) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage 0.87 (0.63-1.19), except for lower death with borderline significance, 0.77 (0.59-1.01). CONCLUSIONS The present analyses of real-world Asian acute stroke registry data suggest that low-dose intravenous alteplase has overall comparable efficacy for functional recovery and greater potential safety in terms of reduced mortality, to standard-dose alteplase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tom J Moullaali
- Faculty of Medicine, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keon-Joo Lee
- The Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- The Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- The Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David Z Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Masaya Kumamoto
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sato
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi Sui
- Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Shenyang First People's Hospital, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Shenyang Brain Hospital, Shenyang Brain Institute, Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Shenyang, China
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Der Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Manasi Sharma
- Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Escabillas
- Stroke Services, Department of Neurology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Stroke Services, Department of Neurology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mu-Chien Sun
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Craig S Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute China, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Suwanwela NC, Chen CLH, Lee CF, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque Ii AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Venketasubramanian N. Effect of Combined Treatment with MLC601 (NeuroAiDTM) and Rehabilitation on Post-Stroke Recovery: The CHIMES and CHIMES-E Studies. Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 46:82-88. [PMID: 30184553 DOI: 10.1159/000492625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MLC601 has been shown in preclinical studies to enhance neurorestorative mechanisms after stroke. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess whether combining MLC601 and rehabilitation has an effect on improving functional outcomes after stroke. METHODS Data from the CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke (CHIMES) and CHIMES-Extension (CHIMES-E) studies were analyzed. CHIMES-E was a 24-month follow-up study of subjects included in CHIMES, a multi-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled trial which randomized subjects with acute ischemic stroke, to either MLC601 or placebo for 3 months in addition to standard stroke treatment and rehabilitation. Subjects were stratified according to whether they received or did not receive persistent rehabilitation up to month (M)3 (non- randomized allocation) and by treatment group. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index were assessed at month (M) 3, M6, M12, M18, and M24. RESULTS Of 880 subjects in CHIMES-E, data on rehabilitation at M3 were available in 807 (91.7%, mean age 61.8 ± 11.3 years, 36% female). After adjusting for prognostic factors of poor outcome (age, sex, pre-stroke mRS, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and stroke onset-to-study-treatment time), subjects who received persistent rehabilitation showed consistently higher treatment effect in favor of MLC601 for all time points on mRS 0-1 dichotomy analysis (ORs 1.85 at M3, 2.18 at M6, 2.42 at M12, 1.94 at M18, 1.87 at M24), mRS ordinal analysis (ORs 1.37 at M3, 1.40 at M6, 1.53 at M12, 1.50 at M18, 1.38 at M24), and BI ≥95 dichotomy analysis (ORs 1.39 at M3, 1.95 at M6, 1.56 at M12, 1.56 at M18, 1.46 at M24) compared to those who did not receive persistent rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS More subjects on MLC601 improved to functional independence compared to placebo among subjects receiving persistent rehabilitation up to M3. The larger treatment effect of MLC601 was sustained over 2 years which supports the hypothesis that MLC601 combined with rehabilitation might have beneficial and sustained effects on neuro-repair processes after stroke. There is a need for more data on the effect of combining rehabilitation programs with stroke recovery treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijasri C Suwanwela
- Chulalongkorn University, Chulalongkorn Stroke Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christopher L H Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - San San Tay
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thirugnanam Umapathi
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Campus, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Herminigildo H Gan
- Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center, San Lazaro Compound, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Jose C Navarro
- Jose R Reyes Medical Center, Neuroscience Institute St Luke's Medical Center, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hui Meng Chang
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel M Advincula
- West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo, Philippines
| | | | - Bernard P L Chan
- National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos L Chua
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - H Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Annasihena Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Gaik Bee Eow
- Penang Hospital, Jalan Residensi, George Town, Malaysia
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14
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Kim BJ, Lee EJ, Kwon SU, Park JH, Kim YJ, Hong KS, Wong LKS, Yu S, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Lee J, Rha JH, Heo SH, Ahn SH, Seo WK, Park JM, Lee JH, Kwon JH, Sohn SI, Jung JM, Navarro JC, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Lee J, Kang DW, Rha JH, Park JM, Lee YS, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Hong KS, Yu KH, Sohn SI, Ahn SH, Cha JK, Park MS, Kim JS, Yoon BW, Lee BC, Nam CM, Koo JS, Nam HS, Park KY, Park JM, Lee JH, Kim DH, Rha JH, Nah HW, Lee YS, Cho YJ, Kim DE, Han MK, Lee KB, Heo SH, Heo JH, Kim BJ, Cho KH, Kim HY, Kim YD, Cho AH, Lee KY, Lee JS, Park JH, Seo WK, Kim EG, Koh IS, Choi NC, Kwon JH, Lee J, Hwang YH, Song HJ, Shin BS, Kim JT, Lee SJ, Chung PW, Kim SH, Lee JH, Shin DI, Do JK, Lee SB, Lee YB, Yoo BG, Sung SM, Jung JM, Park JW, Lee TK, Navarro JC, San Jos MCZ, Roxas A, Mallarl-Alvarez RJ, Collantes MEV, WONG LK, Fong WC, Tsoi TH, Ng PW, Lee EJ, Lee JS. Prevention of cardiovascular events in Asian patients with ischaemic stroke at high risk of cerebral haemorrhage (PICASSO): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:509-518. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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González-Mira A, Torreblanca A, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Mañanós E, Varó I. Effects of ibuprofen and carbamazepine on the ion transport system and fatty acid metabolism of temperature conditioned juveniles of Solea senegalensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:693-701. [PMID: 29172150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments in the last decades, derived from human and veterinary use, has become an important environmental problem. Previous studies have shown that ibuprofen (IB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) modify physiological and biochemical processes in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) in a temperature-dependent manner. In other vertebrates, there is evidence that both of these pharmaceuticals interfere with the 'arachidonic acid (AA) cascade', which is responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous enzymes that are involved in the osmoregulatory process. The present work aims to study the temperature-dependent effects of these two pharmaceuticals on several biochemical and molecular parameters in Senegalese sole. Regarding osmoregulation, Na+, K+ -ATPase enzyme activity was determined in the gills, kidney and intestine, and the expressions of both Na+, K+ -ATPase 1α-subunit isoforms (ATP1A1a and ATP1A1b) were quantified in gills. Gill prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) gene expression and fatty acid composition were selected to determine the interference of both pharmaceuticals with the AA cascade. Senegalese sole juveniles, acclimatised at 15°C or 20°C, were exposed through intraperitoneal injection to IB (10mg/kg) and CBZ (1mg/kg) for 48h. Non-injected fish (Control) and those injected with the carrier (sunflower oil; S.O.), acclimated at each of the two temperatures, were used for comparison. The results show that IB directly affected the osmoregulatory mechanisms that alter gill and intestine Na+, K+ -ATPase activities. In addition, the copy number of ATP1A1a was higher at 20°C than at 15°C, which could be a direct response to the temperature variation. The gene expression of PTGS2 was affected by neither drug administration nor acclimation temperature. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of AA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) percentages revealed a CBZ-derived effect in the fatty acid composition of the gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Mira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Torreblanca
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - F Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - J C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - E Mañanós
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
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16
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Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 286 in vol. 19.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Woo Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeyaraj Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Neuroscience Institute, St. Luke's Medical Center, Jose R. Reyes Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
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17
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Baak-Baak CM, Ulloa-Garcia A, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Tzuc Dzul JC, Machain-Williams C, Torres-Chable OM, Navarro JC, Garcia-Rejon JE. Blood Feeding Status, Gonotrophic Cycle and Survivorship of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Caught in Churches from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Neotrop Entomol 2017; 46:622-630. [PMID: 28258352 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood-feeding status, gonotrophic cycle, and survival rates of Aedes (Stegmyia) aegypti (L.) was investigated in catholic churches from Merida, Yucatan. Female Ae. aegypti were caught using backpack aspirator during 25 consecutive days in rainy (2015) and dry season (2016). Blood-feeding status was determined by external examination of the abdomen and classified as unfed, fed, and gravid. Daily changes in the parous-nulliparous ratio were recorded, and the gonotrophic cycle length was estimated by a time series analysis. Also, was observed the vitellogenesis to monitoring egg maturity. In total, 408 females Ae. aegypti were caught, and there was a significant difference in the number of females collected per season (Z = -6.729, P ≤ 0.05). A great number was caught in the rainy season (n = 329). In the dry season, 79 females were caught, which the fed females were twice greatest than the unfed. The length of gonotrophic cycle was estimated on the base of a high correlation coefficient value appearing every 4 days in rainy at 26.7 ± 1.22°C, and 3 days in dry season at 29.8 ± 1.47°C. The daily survival rate of the Ae. aegypti population was higher in both seasons, 0.94 and 0.93 for the rainy and dry season, respectively. The minimum time estimated for developing mature eggs after blood feeding was similar in both seasons (3.5 days in rainy versus 3.25 days in dry). The measurement of the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti in catholic churches could help to understand the dynamics of transmission of arboviruses in sites with high human aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Baak-Baak
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - A Ulloa-Garcia
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - N Cigarroa-Toledo
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - J C Tzuc Dzul
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C Machain-Williams
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - O M Torres-Chable
- Lab de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Teapa, Mexico
| | - J C Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Lab. Biodiversidad y Salud Ambiental, Univ Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - J E Garcia-Rejon
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
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Venketasubramanian N, Yoon BW, Pandian J, Navarro JC. Stroke Epidemiology in South, East, and South-East Asia: A Review. J Stroke 2017; 19:286-294. [PMID: 29037005 PMCID: PMC5647629 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asia, which holds 60% of the world’s population, comprises some developing countries which are in economic transition. This paper reviews the epidemiology of stroke in South, East and South-East Asia. Data on the epidemiology of stroke in South, East, and South-East Asia were derived from the Global Burden of Disease study (mortality, disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] lost because of stroke), World Health Organization (vascular risk factors in the community), and publications in PubMed (incidence, prevalence, subtypes, vascular risk factors among hospitalized stroke patients). Age- and sex-standardized mortality is the lowest in Japan, and highest in Mongolia. Community-based incidence data of only a few countries are available, with the lowest rates being observed in Malaysia, and the highest in Japan and Taiwan. The availability of prevalence data is higher than incidence data, but different study methods were used for case-finding, with different age bands. For DALYs, Japan has the lowest rates, and Mongolia the highest. For community, a high prevalence of hypertension is seen in Mongolia and Pakistan; diabetes mellitus in Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, and Mongolia; hypercholesterolemia in Japan, Singapore, and Brunei; inactivity in Malaysia; obesity in Brunei, Papua New Guinea, and Mongolia; tobacco smoking in Indonesia. Hypertension is the most frequent risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and smoking. Ischemic stroke occurs more frequently than hemorrhagic stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhages are uncommon. There are variations in the stroke epidemiology between countries in South, East, and South-East Asia. Further research on stroke burden is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Woo Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeyaraj Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jose C Navarro
- Neuroscience Institute, St. Luke's Medical Center, Jose R. Reyes Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
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Venketasubramanian N, Lee CF, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque Ii AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Suwanwela NC, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Chen CLH. Prognostic Factors and Pattern of Long-Term Recovery with MLC601 (NeuroAiD™) in the Chinese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke Recovery - Extension Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 43:36-42. [PMID: 27846631 DOI: 10.1159/000452285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery - Extension (CHIMES-E) study is among the few acute stroke trials with long-term outcome data. We aimed to evaluate the recovery pattern and the influence of prognostic factors on treatment effect of MLC601 over 2 years. METHODS The CHIMES-E study evaluated the 2 years outcome of subjects aged ≥18 years with acute ischemic stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 6-14, pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤1 included in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MLC601 for 3 months. Standard stroke care and rehabilitation were allowed during follow-up with mRS score being assessed in-person at month (M) 3 and by telephone at M1, M6, M12, M18 and M24. RESULTS Data from 880 subjects were analyzed. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between treatment groups. The proportion of subjects with mRS score 0-1 increased over time in favor of MLC601 most notably from M3 to M6, thereafter remaining stable up to M24, while the proportion deteriorating to mRS score ≥2 remained low at all time points. Older age (p < 0.01), female sex (p = 0.06), higher baseline NIHSS score (p < 0.01) and longer onset to treatment time (OTT; p < 0.01) were found to be predictors of poorer outcome at M3. Greater treatment effect, with more subjects improving on MLC601 than placebo, was seen among subjects with 2 or more prognostic factors (OR 1.65 at M3, 1.78 at M6, 1.90 at M12, 1.65 at M18, 1.39 at M24), especially in subjects with more severe stroke or longer OTT. CONCLUSIONS The sustained benefits of MLC601 over 2 years were due to more subjects improving to functional independence at M6 and beyond compared to placebo. Selection of subjects with poorer prognosis, particularly those with more severe NIHSS score and longer OTT delay, as well as a long follow-up period, may improve the power of future trials investigating the treatment effect of neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies.
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Navarro JC, Chen CL, Lee CF, Gan HH, Lao AY, Baroque AC, Hiyadan JHB, Chua CL, San Jose MC, Advincula JM, Venketasubramanian N. Durability of the beneficial effect of MLC601 (NeuroAiD™) on functional recovery among stroke patients from the Philippines in the CHIMES and CHIMES-E studies. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:285-291. [PMID: 27784824 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim A pre-specified country analysis of subjects from the Philippines in the CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) Study showed significantly improved functional and neurological outcomes on MLC601 at month (M) 3. We aimed to assess these effects on long-term functional recovery in the Filipino cohort. Methods The CHIMES-E (extension) Study evaluated subjects who completed three months of randomized placebo-controlled treatment in CHIMES up to two years. Blinding of treatment allocation was maintained and all subjects received standard stroke care and rehabilitation. Modified Rankin Score (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were assessed in-person at M3 and by telephone at M6, M12, M18, M24. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for functional recovery using ordinal analysis of mRS and for achieving functional independence (mRS 0-1 or BI ≥ 95) at each time point were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), onset-to-treatment time (OTT) and pre-stroke mRS. Results The 378 subjects (MLC601 192, placebo 186) included in CHIMES-E from the Philippines (mean age 60.2 ± 11.1) had more women ( p < 0.001), worse baseline NIHSS ( p < 0.001) and longer onset to treatment time ( p = 0.002) compared to other countries. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. The treatment effect of MLC601 seen at M3 peaked at M6 with OR for mRS shift of 1.53 (95% CI 1.05-2.22), mRS dichotomy 0-1 of 1.77 (95% CI 1.10-2.83), and BI ≥ 95 of 1.87 (95% CI 1.16-3.02). The beneficial effect persisted up to M24. Conclusion The beneficial effect of MLC601 seen at M3 in the Filipino cohort is durable up to two years after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- 1 University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christopher Lh Chen
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun F Lee
- 3 School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Annabelle Y Lao
- 5 Davao Medical School Foundation Hospital, San Pedro Hospital, Davao City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Carlos L Chua
- 7 Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma Cristina San Jose
- 7 Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joel M Advincula
- 8 West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo City, Philippines
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Venketasubramanian N, Young SH, Tay SS, Umapathi T, Lao AY, Gan HH, Baroque AC, Navarro JC, Chang HM, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, Chua CL, Wijekoon N, de Silva HA, Hiyadan JHB, Suwanwela NC, Wong KSL, Poungvarin N, Eow GB, Lee CF, Chen CLH. CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke Recovery - Extension Study (CHIMES-E): A Multicenter Study of Long-Term Efficacy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 39:309-318. [PMID: 25925713 DOI: 10.1159/000382082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) study was an international randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of MLC601 (NeuroAiD) in subjects with cerebral infarction of intermediate severity within 72 h. CHIMES-E (Extension) aimed at evaluating the effects of the initial 3-month treatment with MLC601 on long-term outcome for up to 2 years. METHODS All subjects randomized in CHIMES were eligible for CHIMES-E. Inclusion criteria for CHIMES were age ≥18, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 6-14, and pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤1. Initial CHIMES treatment allocation blinding was maintained, although no further study treatment was provided in CHIMES-E. Subjects received standard care and rehabilitation as prescribed by the treating physician. mRS, Barthel Index (BI), and occurrence of medical events were ascertained at months 6, 12, 18, and 24. The primary outcome was mRS at 24 months. Secondary outcomes were mRS and BI at other time points. RESULTS CHIMES-E included 880 subjects (mean age 61.8 ± 11.3; 36% women). Adjusted OR for mRS ordinal analysis was 1.08 (95% CI 0.85-1.37, p = 0.543) and mRS dichotomy ≤1 was 1.29 (95% CI 0.96-1.74, p = 0.093) at 24 months. However, the treatment effect was significantly in favor of MLC601 for mRS dichotomy ≤1 at 6 months (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.01, p = 0.008), 12 months (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.90, p = 0.023), and 18 months (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83, p = 0.045), and for BI dichotomy ≥95 at 6 months (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.10, p = 0.005) but not at other time points. Subgroup analyses showed no treatment heterogeneity. Rates of death and occurrence of vascular and other medical events were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS While the benefits of a 3-month treatment with MLC601 did not reach statistical significance for the primary endpoint at 2 years, the odds of functional independence defined as mRS ≤1 was significantly increased at 6 months and persisted up to 18 months after a stroke.
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Varó I, Redón S, Garcia-Roger EM, Amat F, Guinot D, Serrano R, Navarro JC. Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 161:208-20. [PMID: 25723047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain.
| | - S Redón
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - E M Garcia-Roger
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F Amat
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - D Guinot
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - R Serrano
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - J C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
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Chankrachang S, Navarro JC, de Silva DA, Towanabut S, Chua CL, Lee CF, Venketasubramanian N, Wong KSL, Bousser MG, Chen CLH. Prognostic factors and treatment effect in the CHIMES study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:823-7. [PMID: 25680658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke trials often analyze patients with heterogeneous prognoses using a single definition of outcome, which may not be applicable to all subgroups. We aimed to evaluate the treatment effects of MCL601 among patients stratified by prognosis in the Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke Recovery (CHIMES) study. METHODS Analyses were performed using data from the CHIMES study, an international, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial comparing MLC601 with placebo in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity in the preceding 72 hours. All subjects with baseline data and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months were included. RESULTS Data from 1006 subjects were analyzed. The predictive variables for mRS score greater than 1 at month 3 were age older than 60 years (P < .001), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 10-14 (P < .001), stroke onset to initiation of study treatment of more than 48 hours (P < .001), and female sex (P = .026). A higher number of predictors was associated with poorer mRS score at month 3 for both placebo (P < .001) and treatment (P < .001) groups. The odds ratio (OR) for achieving a good outcome increased with the number of predictors and reached statistical significance in favor of MLC601 among patients with 2 to 4 predictors combined (unadjusted OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.03; adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.34). CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and time to first dose are predictors of functional outcome in the CHIMES study. Stratification by prognosis showed that patients with 2 or more predictors of poorer outcome have better treatment effect with MLC601 than patients with single or no prognostic factor. These results have implications on designing future stroke trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose C Navarro
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, España Boulevard, Manila, Philippines
| | - Deidre A de Silva
- National Neuroscience Institute-Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Carlos L Chua
- Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore
| | | | - K S Lawrence Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Christopher L H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore.
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Ugdamina FR, Go C, Navarro JC. Abstract W MP60: Prevalence Of Post Stroke Daytime Sleepiness. Stroke 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.wmp60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background of the study:
In patients with stroke, the most common Sleep Disorder are sleep apnea, insomia (30%), and excessive daytime sleepiness. Ischemic stroke patients had 76.8% sleep disorder and hemorrhagic stroke patients had 82.5% sleep disorder. There were several postulated mechanisms on the pathophysiologic effects of sleep disorders on stroke which includes: acute hemodynamic changes during episodes of apnea, decreased cerebral blood flow, and paradoxical embolization, hypercoagulability, hypoxia-related cerebral ischemia, and atherosclerosis. With these several mechanisms, post stroke recovery among patients with post stroke sleep disorder can be altered.
Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted in Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center from July 2013 to June 2014. All Medical records and neuroimaging of post stroke patients (≥ 6 months) were reviewed. Those patients with cognitive dysfunction, unable to give consent or unable to understand the study protocol and whose neuroimaging cannot be retrieved were excluded in the study. The interviewer assisted Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used in this study to determine daytime sleep propensity.
Results:
A total of 130 subjects were included. There were 82 (63%) male and 48(37%) female. The mean age is 58. The variables shown to be significantly associated with ESS were duration of stroke, number of risk factor and type of stroke. The more recent the stroke (specifically shorter than 2.7 years which is the mean), the higher the ESS score. A patient with two risk factors was 4.6x more likely to have an ESS of 10-14 compared to one who has only 1 risk factor. Those who had intracranial bleeding were 2.5 times more likely to have an ESS of 10-14.
Conclusion:
Among post stroke patients, the more recent the stroke, the more risk factors present, and those who had intracerebral hemorrhage have higher propensity for daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Criscely Go
- Jose R. Reyes Memorial Med Cntr, Manila, Philippines
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25
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Navarro JC, Gan HH, Lao AY, Baroque AC, Hiyadan JHB, Chua CL, San Jose MC, Advincula JM, Lee CF, Bousser MG, Chen CLH. Baseline characteristics and treatment response of patients from the Philippines in the CHIMES study. Int J Stroke 2014; 9 Suppl A100:102-5. [PMID: 25041870 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHIMES Study compared MLC601 with placebo in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity in the preceding 72 h. Sites from the Philippines randomized 504 of 1099 (46%) patients in the study. We aimed to define the patient characteristics and treatment responses in this subgroup to better plan future trials. METHODS The CHIMES dataset was used to compare the baseline characteristics, time from stroke onset to study treatment initiation, and treatment responses to MLC601 between patients recruited from Philippines and the rest of the cohort. Treatment effect was analyzed using end-points at month 3 as described in the primary publication, that is, modified Rankin Score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Barthel Index. RESULTS The Philippine cohort was younger, had more women, worse baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and longer time delay from stroke onset to study treatment compared with the rest of the cohort. Age (P = 0·003), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P < 0·001), and stroke onset to study treatment initiation (P = 0·016) were predictors of modified Rankin Score at three-months. Primary analysis of modified Rankin Score shift was in favor of MLC601 (adjusted odds ratio 1·41, 95% confidence interval 1·01-1·96). Secondary analyses were likewise in favor of MLC601 for modified Rankin Score dichotomy 0-1, improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (total and motor scores), and Barthel Index. CONCLUSIONS The treatment effects in the Philippine cohort were in favor of MLC601. This may be due to inclusion of more patients with predictors of poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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Navarro JC, Baroque AC, Lokin JK, Venketasubramanian N. The real stroke burden in the Philippines. Int J Stroke 2014; 9:640-1. [PMID: 24844610 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the Philippines' second leading cause of death. It has a prevalence of 0·9%; ischemic stroke comprises 70% while hemorrhagic stroke comprises 30%. Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence is 20·6%, diabetes 6·0%, dyslipidemia 72·0%, smoking 31%, and obesity 4·9%. The neurologist-to-patient ratio is 1:330·000, with 67% of neurologists practicing in urban centers. Health care is largely private and the cost is borne out-of-pocket by patients and their families. Challenges include delivering adequate support to the rural communities and to the underprivileged sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- Stroke Services, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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27
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Chen CLH, Young SHY, Gan HH, Singh R, Lao AY, Baroque AC, Chang HM, Hiyadan JHB, Chua CL, Advincula JM, Muengtaweepongsa S, Chan BPL, de Silva HA, Towanabut S, Suwanwela NC, Poungvarin N, Chankrachang S, Wong KSL, Eow GB, Navarro JC, Venketasubramanian N, Lee CF, Bousser MG. Chinese medicine neuroaid efficacy on stroke recovery: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Stroke 2013; 44:2093-100. [PMID: 23780952 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous clinical studies suggested benefit for poststroke recovery when MLC601 was administered between 2 weeks and 6 months of stroke onset. The Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) study tested the hypothesis that MLC601 is superior to placebo in acute, moderately severe ischemic stroke within a 72-hour time window. METHODS This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 1100 patients with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 6 to 14, within 72 hours of onset, to trial medications for 3 months. The primary outcome was a shift in the modified Rankin Scale. Secondary outcomes were modified Rankin Scale dichotomy, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement, difference in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale total and motor scores, Barthel index, and mini-mental state examination. Planned subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, time to first dose, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, presence of cortical signs, and antiplatelet use. RESULTS The modified Rankin Scale shift analysis-adjusted odds ratio was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.32). Statistical difference was not detected between the treatment groups for any of the secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses showed no statistical heterogeneity for the primary outcome; however, a trend toward benefit in the subgroup receiving treatment beyond 48 hours from stroke onset was noted. Serious and nonserious adverse events rates were similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS MLC601 is statistically no better than placebo in improving outcomes at 3 months when used among patients with acute ischemic stroke of intermediate severity. Longer treatment duration and follow-up of participants with treatment initiated after 48 hours may be considered in future studies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00554723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L H Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Education is paramount in effectively reducing the significant burden of stroke in the Philippines. Dedicated academic institutions and dynamic professional organizations in the Philippines have collaborated to involve themselves in the plight against stroke through systematic curriculum development for undergraduates, continuous regulation of quality residency and fellowship training program, hosting up-to-date Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities for local and international audience, and active participation in clinical stroke trials. Most recently, the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine & Surgery and the Department of Neurology & Psychiatry offered a 72-hour Certification Course in Stroke Medicine that commenced in 2011 in anticipation of the Master on Health Sciences in Stroke Medicine course being prepared for 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- Stroke Services, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Navarro JC, Chen CLH, Lagamayo PDJ, Geslani MB, Eow GB, Poungvarin N, de Silva A, Wong LKS, Venketasubramanian N. CHIMES-I: sub-group analyzes of the effects of NeuroAiD according to baseline brain imaging characteristics among patients randomized in the CHIMES study. Int J Stroke 2013; 8:491-4. [PMID: 23506216 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The clinical effects of neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapies may vary according to location and size of the ischemic injury. Imaging techniques can be useful in stratifying patients for trials that may be beneficial against particular ischemic lesion characteristics. AIM To test the hypothesis that the efficacy of NeuroAiD compared with placebo in improving functional outcome and reducing neurological deficit in patients with cerebral infarction of intermediate severity varies between sub-groups of patients randomized in the main Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke study when categorized according to baseline imaging characteristics. DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort sub-group analysis of patients who participated in the main Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke study, a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that recruited 1100 patients within 72 h of ischemic stroke onset with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 6-14 and were randomized to either NeuroAiD or placebo taken four capsules three times daily for three months. Review of the baseline images to classify the acute stroke lesions in terms of size, location, and extent of involvement will be performed retrospectively by two readers who will remain blinded as to treatment allocation and outcomes of the subjects. STUDY OUTCOMES The primary efficacy end-point in the main Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke study is the modified Rankin Scale grades at three-months. Secondary efficacy end-points are the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at three-months; difference of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores between baseline and 10 days and between baseline and three-months; difference of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale sub-scores between baseline and 10 days and between baseline and three-months; modified Rankin Scale at 10 days, one-month, and three-months; Barthel index at three-months; and Mini Mental State Examination at 10 days and three-months. Analysis of these primary and secondary end-points will be performed for sub-groups defined in this study after review of the baseline brain imaging: nonlacunar and lacunar, cortical and sub-cortical, hemispheric vs. brainstem, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score <7 and 7-10, and score <8 and 8-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
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Varó I, Navarro JC, Iglesias J, Otero JJ, Sánchez J, Almansa E, Monroig O, Hontoria F, Morales AE, Cardenete G. Studies on the characterisation of biomarkers of nutritionally-derived stress in paralarval cultures of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:473-476. [PMID: 25141745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Monroig O, Hontoria F, Varó I, Tocher DR, Navarro JC. Investigating the essential fatty acid requirements of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis: a molecular approach. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:286-289. [PMID: 25141692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Reis DB, Acosta NG, Almansa E, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Monroig O, Andrade JP, Sykes AV, Rodríguez C. Endogenous metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Artemia nauplii as determined through incubation with 14C-labelled fatty acid substrates. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:392-395. [PMID: 25141721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, Lees KR, Chen C, Xavier D, Navarro JC, Ranawaka UK, Uddin W, Ricci S, Gommans J, Schmidt R. Treatment With B Vitamins and Incidence of Cancer in Patients With Previous Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 2012; 43:1572-7. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.641613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J. Hankey
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - John W. Eikelboom
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Qilong Yi
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Kennedy R. Lees
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Christopher Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Denis Xavier
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Jose C. Navarro
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Udaya K. Ranawaka
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Wasim Uddin
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Stefano Ricci
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - John Gommans
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology (G.J.H.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Medicine (J.W.E.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; National Epidemiology and Surveillance (Q.Y.), Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada; the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.R.L.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; the Department of Pharmacology (C.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trials (D.X.), St
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Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, Lees KR, Chen C, Xavier D, Navarro JC, Ranawaka UK, Uddin W, Ricci S, Gommans J, Schmidt R. Antiplatelet therapy and the effects of B vitamins in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a post-hoc subanalysis of VITATOPS, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11:512-20. [PMID: 22554931 PMCID: PMC3361667 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that any benefits of folic acid-based therapy to lower serum homocysteine in prevention of cardiovascular events might be offset by concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy. We aimed to establish whether there is an interaction between antiplatelet therapy and the effects of folic acid-based homocysteine-lowering therapy on major vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack enrolled in the vitamins to prevent stroke (VITATOPS) trial. Methods In the VITATOPS trial, 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with one tablet daily of placebo or B vitamins (2 mg folic acid, 25 mg vitamin B6, and 500 μg vitamin B12) and followed up for a median 3·4 years (IQR 2·0–5·5) for the primary composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular causes. In our post-hoc analysis of the interaction between antiplatelet therapy and the effects of treatment with B vitamins on the primary outcome, we used Cox proportional hazards regression before and after adjusting for imbalances in baseline prognostic factors in participants who were and were not taking antiplatelet drugs at baseline and in participants assigned to receive B vitamins or placebo. We also assessed the interaction in different subgroups of patients and different secondary outcomes. The VITATOPS trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00097669, and Current Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN74743444. Findings At baseline, 6609 patients were taking antiplatelet therapy and 1463 were not. Patients not receiving antiplatelet therapy were more likely to be younger, east Asian, and disabled, to have a haemorrhagic stroke or cardioembolic ischaemic stroke, and to have a history of hypertension or atrial fibrillation. They were less likely to be smokers and to have a history of peripheral artery disease, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, and a revascularisation procedure. Of the participants taking antiplatelet drugs at baseline, B vitamins had no significant effect on the primary outcome (488 patients in the B-vitamins group [15%] vs 519 in the placebo group [16%]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·94, 95% CI 0·83–1·07). By contrast, of the participants not taking antiplatelet drugs at baseline, B vitamins had a significant effect on the primary outcome (123 in the B-vitamins group [17%] vs 153 in the placebo group [21%]; HR 0·76, 0·60–0·96). The interaction between antiplatelet therapy and the effect of B vitamins on the primary outcome was significant after adjusting for imbalance in the baseline variables (adjusted p for interaction=0·0204). Interpretation Our findings support the hypothesis that antiplatelet therapy modifies the potential benefits of lowering homocysteine with B-vitamin supplementation in the secondary prevention of major vascular events. If validated, B vitamins might have a role in the prevention of ischaemic events in high-risk individuals with an allergy, intolerance, or lack of indication for antiplatelet therapy. Funding Australia National Health and Medical Research Council, UK Medical Research Council, Singapore Biomedical Research Council, and Singapore National Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Hankey
- Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Varó I, Rigos G, Navarro JC, del Ramo J, Calduch-Giner J, Hernández A, Pertusa J, Torreblanca A. Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: a proteomic approach. Chemosphere 2010; 80:570-577. [PMID: 20451238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently (experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2 mgkg(-1) fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner, Spain.
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Benedito-Palos L, Navarro JC, Kaushik S, Pérez-Sánchez J. Tissue-specific robustness of fatty acid signatures in cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed practical diets with a combined high replacement of fish meal and fish oil. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1759-70. [PMID: 20081079 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the tissue-specific robustness of fatty acid (FA) signatures of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) by analyzing the changes in lipid class and FA composition of skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and mesenteric adipose tissue. Triplicate groups of fish were fed to visual satiety over a 14-mo production cycle with 2 practical plant protein-based diets formulated with either fish oil or a blend of vegetable oils (66% of fish oil replacement) to contain 53% CP and 21% crude fat on a DM basis. Growth rates (P = 0.22) and tissue lipid class composition were not altered by the dietary treatment (P = 0.34 and 0.52 for neutral lipids and phospholipids, respectively). The FA signatures of neutral lipids reflected the composition of the diet, although the output of principal components analysis revealed a divergent FA profile for liver compared with skeletal muscle, brain, and mesenteric adipose tissue. Because the theoretical EFA needs were met by the 2 diets, the FA composition of phospholipids remained almost unaltered in all tissues. Interestingly, however, the brain showed the greatest robustness and regulatory capacity to preserve the phenotype of fish fed fish oil-based diets. The FA signatures of total lipids are a combinatory result of neutral and polar lipids, and the most relevant fat storage tissues (mesenteric adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) were more easily influenced by dietary FA composition. The present study provides new insights into fish tissue FA composition and reinforces the use of FA signatures as useful criteria in determining whether EFA requirements for a wide range of physiological processes, including those of neural tissues, can be met with practical fish feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benedito-Palos
- Nutrition and Animal Health Research Unit, Institute of Aquaculture Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 12595 Castellón, Spain
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Venketasubramanian N, Chen CLH, Gan RN, Chan BPL, Chang HM, Tan SB, Picard D, Navarro JC, Baroque AC, Poungvarin N, Donnan GA, Bousser MG. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter study to investigate CHInese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES Study). Int J Stroke 2009; 4:54-60. [PMID: 19236501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rationale Traditional Chinese Medications(TCM) have been reported to have beneficial effects in stroke patients, but were not rigorously evaluated by GCP standards. Aim This study tests the hypothesis that Neuroaid, a TCM widely used in China post-stroke, is superior to placebo in reducing neurological deficit and improving functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction of an intermediate severity. Design This is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Neuroaid in ischemic stroke patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) 6-14 treated within 48 h of stroke onset. Neuroaid or placebo is taken (4 capsules) 3 times daily for 3 months. Treatments are assigned using block randomization, stratified for centers, via a central web-randomization system. With a power of 90% and two-sided test of 5% type I error, a sample size is 874. Allowing for a drop-out rate of up to 20%, 1100 individuals should be enrolled in this study. Study Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) grades at 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints are the NIHSS score at 3 months; difference of NIHSS scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; difference of NIHSS sub-scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; mRS at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months; Barthel index at 3 months; Mini Mental State Examination at 10 days and 3 months. Safety outcomes include complete blood count, renal and liver panels, and electrocardiogram. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554723.
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Lao AY, Sharma VK, Tsivgoulis G, Frey JL, Malkoff MD, Navarro JC, Alexandrov AV. Detection of Right-to-Left Shunts: Comparison between the International Consensus and Spencer Logarithmic Scale Criteria. J Neuroimaging 2008; 18:402-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Varó I, Amat F, Navarro JC. Acute toxicity of dichlorvos to Aphanius iberus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) and its anti-cholinesterase effects on this species. Aquat Toxicol 2008; 88:53-61. [PMID: 18433895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide (OP) dichlorvos to the endangered Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus). To this end, the lethal toxicity of dichlorvos based on 96h-LC50 bioassays was determined in saline water (50g/L), and in vivo effects of dichlorvos on cholinesterase (ChE) activity were investigated in adult female and male specimens. The 96h-LC50 value determined by probit analysis was 3.17mg/L (95% confidence limits: 1.34-3.97). The characterisation of the ChE using different substrates and specific inhibitors was also carried out in head and muscle tissues. Acetylthiocholine was the substrate preferred by both head and muscle ChE in males and females. Eserine sulphate and BW284C51 significantly inhibited both head and muscle enzyme activity at low concentrations (muM range), and iso-OMPA had no significant effect. These results indicate that in the head and muscle the predominant ChE form is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for both sexes. The kinetic parameters for ChE activity (Km and Vmax) were similar in both sexes. The 96h-LC50 value obtained for adult specimens of Iberian toothcarp was 3.17mg/L. ChE activity in head and body tissues of both sexes was significantly inhibited in all concentrations tested (0.5, 1, 2 and 4mg/L) after "in vivo" dichlorvos exposure. However, Iberian toothcarp was able to tolerate high concentrations of dichlorvos, and resist high levels of brain and muscle ChE inhibition without mortality. Both ChE inhibition and recovery followed a similar time-course pattern in response to sub-lethal exposure to dichlorvos (1mg/L), and the enzyme activity did not return to control levels after 96h in clean water. The results of this study show that ChE activity is a good biomarker of exposure to OP in the Iberian toothcarp adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner s/n, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Navarro JC, Lao AY, Sharma VK, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. The accuracy of transcranial Doppler in the diagnosis of middle cerebral artery stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 23:325-30. [PMID: 17268162 DOI: 10.1159/000099130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It was the aim of this study to systematically review available literature on the accuracy of transcranial Doppler (TCD) compared with angiography for the diagnosis of > or =50% middle cerebral artery stenosis in patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a systematic review that included original articles published on TCD accuracy from 1982 until the end of December 2005 using angiography as the gold standard. The following measures of diagnostic accuracy were obtained from each primary study: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Weighted mean averages were then calculated from individual results for different velocity cutoffs. RESULTS Six papers met our selection criteria. Using laboratory-specific variable mean flow velocity cutoffs, self-reported best accuracy results yield a mean weighted average sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 88% and NPV of 98% for 80 cm/s cutoff. For 100 cm/s cutoff, the sensitivities were 100%, specificity 97%, PPV 88% and NPV 100%. CONCLUSIONS Although limited to few reports, this analysis demonstrates fair TCD performance against angiography. Since increasing velocity cutoffs do not yield decreasing sensitivity and increasing specificity, further studies are required to determine optimal velocity values and possibly other criteria such as velocity ratios to develop a screening test with balanced performance parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography, Digital Subtraction
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Cerebral Angiography/methods
- Cerebrovascular Circulation
- Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis
- Constriction, Pathologic/pathology
- Constriction, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Humans
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnosis
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/etiology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/physiopathology
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography
- Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Stroke/complications
- Stroke/pathology
- Stroke/physiopathology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Navarro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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Poungvarin N, Suwanwela NC, Venketasubramanian N, Wong LKS, Navarro JC, Bitanga E, Yoon BW, Chang HM, Alam SM. Grave prognosis on spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: GP on STAGE score. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89 Suppl 5:S84-93. [PMID: 17718249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is more common in Asia than in western countries, and has a high mortality rate. A simple prognostic score for predicting grave prognosis of ICH is lacking. Our objective was to develop a simple and reliable score for most physicians. MATERIAL AND METHOD ICH patients from seven Asian countries were enrolled between May 2000 and April 2002 for a prospective study. Clinical features such as headache and vomiting, vascular risk factors, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), body temperature (BT), blood pressure on arrival, location and size of haematoma, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), hydrocephalus, need for surgical treatment, medical treatment, length of hospital stay and other complications were analyzed to determine the outcome using a modified Rankin scale (MRS). Grave prognosis (defined as MRS of 5-6) was judged on the discharge date. RESULTS 995 patients, mean age 59.5 +/- 14.3 years were analyzed, after exclusion of incomplete data in 87 patients. 402 patients (40.4%) were in the grave prognosis group (MRS 5-6). Univariable analysis and then multivariable analysis showed only four statistically significant predictors for grave outcome of ICH. They were fever (BT > or = 37.8 degrees c), low GCS, large haematoma and IVH. The grave prognosis on spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (GP on STAGE) score was derived from these four factors using a multiple logistic model. CONCLUSION A simple and pragmatic prognostic score for ICH outcome has been developed with high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (82%). Furthermore, it can be administered by most general practitioners. Validation in other populations is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niphon Poungvarin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Varó I, Amat F, Navarro JC, Barreda M, Pitarch E, Serrano R. Assessment of the efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) cysts chorion as barrier to chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus pesticide) exposure. Effect on hatching and survival. Sci Total Environ 2006; 366:148-53. [PMID: 16797674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to reveal the efficacy of the Artemia cysts chorion as barrier to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, whole and decapsulated cysts have been exposed to 10 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos in sea water during hydration and hatching phase, separately. The concentration of chlorpyrifos in capsulated and decapsulated cysts after exposure has been determined in order to elucidate the efficacy of chorion as protection to the embryo. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the cysts chorion to obstruct the pass of chlorpyrifos molecules through this protection structure. Thus, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in exposed decapsulated cysts is higher than in exposed whole cysts. Moreover, after removing the chorion of exposed cysts, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in the embryo was lower than that of cysts exposed, what would demonstrate the retention of chlorpyrifos molecules by the shell. Hatching was not severely affected by exposure to the insecticide whereas survival at 44 h of the nauplii exposed to chlorpyrifos was significantly different from the controls. Survival of nauplii hatched from exposed decapsulated cysts was higher than that from those hatched from exposed whole cysts, probably because of the lower vitality of the latter, due to depletion of energy reserves during hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Departamento Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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43
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Navarro JC, Mikulik R, Garami Z, Alexandrov AV. The accuracy of transcranial Doppler in the diagnosis of stenosis or occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery. J Neuroimaging 2004; 14:314-8. [PMID: 15358950 DOI: 10.1177/1051228404268571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can detect intracranial stenoses and occlusions that can help in the diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke. The accuracy parameters for lesions located in the terminal internal carotid artery (TICA) are less known, unlike other basal cerebral vessels. PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors studied consecutive patients referred for TCD who underwent contrast angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. They calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and likelihood ratios. RESULTS Forty-three patients had TCD and angiography: mean age was 57 +/- 20 years, and 65% were men. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with TICA stenosis or occlusion on TCD underwent angiography. Four patients had abnormal TCD findings that were not confirmed by angiography. Two of 21 patients with normal TCD showed moderate (< 50%) stenosis of the TICA and cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery at angiography. Accuracy parameters for TCD were as follows: sensitivity = 90% (confidence interval [CI], 63%-96%), specificity = 83% (CI, 61%-94%), PPV = 82%, NPV = 86%, positive likelihood ratio = 5, and negative likelihood ratio = 0.17. CONCLUSIONS TCD is a sensitive screening tool for the lesions in the TICA. Specificity is likely affected by a wide spectrum of the stenosis severity shown at angiography and time lags between the studies.
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Navarro JC, Mikulik R, Garami Z, Alexandrov AV. The Accuracy of Transcranial Doppler in the Diagnosis of Stenosis or Occlusion of the Terminal Internal Carotid Artery. J Neuroimaging 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2004.tb00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Barrera R, Torres N, Freier JE, Navarro JC, García CZ, Salas R, Vasquez C, Weaver SC. Characterization of enzootic foci of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in western Venezuela. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003; 1:219-30. [PMID: 12653150 DOI: 10.1089/153036601753552585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of the sylvatic subtype ID Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses in the lowland tropical forests of western Venezuela was investigated using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery was used to study the reflectance patterns of VEE endemic foci and to identify other locations with similar reflectance patterns. Enzootic VEE virus variants isolated during this study are the closest genetic relatives of the epizootic viruses that emerged in western Venezuela during 1992-1993. VEE virus surveillance was conducted by exposing sentinel hamsters to mosquito bites and trapping wild vertebrates in seven forests identified and located by means of the satellite image. We isolated VEE viruses from 48 of a total of 1,363 sentinel hamsters in two of the forests on six occasions, in both dry and wet seasons. None of the 12 small vertebrates captured in 8,190 trap-nights showed signs of previous VEE virus infection. The satellite image was classified into 13 validated classes of land use/vegetation using unsupervised and supervised techniques. Data derived from the image consisted of the raw digital values of near- and mid-infrared bands 4, 5, and 7, derived Tasseled Cap indices of wetness, greenness, and brightness, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Digitized maps provided ancillary data of elevation and soil geomorphology. Image enhancement was applied using Principal Component Analysis. A digital layer of roads together with georeferenced images was used to locate the study sites. A cluster analysis using the above data revealed two main groups of dense forests separated by spectral properties, altitude, and soil geomorphology. Virus was isolated more frequently from the forest type identified on flat flood plains of main rivers rather than the forest type found on the rolling hills of the study area. The spatial analysis suggests that mosquitoes carrying the enzootic viruses would reach 82-97% of the total land area by flying only 1-3 km from forests. We hypothesize that humans within that area are at risk of severe disease caused by enzootic ID VEE viruses. By contrast, equines could actually become naturally vaccinated, thus preventing the local emergence of epizootic IC VEE virus strains and protecting humans indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barrera
- Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Torres P, Camarena JJ, Gomez JR, Nogueira JM, Gimeno V, Navarro JC, Olmos A. Comparison of PCR mediated amplification of DNA and the classical methods for detection of Mycobacterium leprae in different types of clinical samples in leprosy patients and contacts. LEPROSY REV 2003; 74:18-30. [PMID: 12669929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional staining and microscopic examination techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae, DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a 531-bp fragment of the M. leprae specific gene encoding the 36-kDa antigen, and serodiagnosis with M. leprae specific antigens (PGL-1 and D-BSA) were compared on different clinical specimens (serum samples, slit-skin smears, biopsies and swabs) from 60 leprosy patients attending the Sanatorium of Fontilles. Patients were divided into groups; (i) 20 multibacillary patients (MB) with positive bacteriological index (BI) by conventional methods and on WHO multidrug therapy (MDT); (ii) 30 MB patients with negative BI and completed minimum 2 years treatment MDT; (iii) 10 paucibacillary (PB) patients who had completed 6 months MDT at least 8 years ago. Control groups included four non-leprosy patients for PCR methods and 40 health control patients and 10 tuberculosis patients for serological methods. In the multibacillary BI positive group, there was a good correlation between all methods. All tests were negative in the paucibacillary group, although only a few patients were tested and all had been treated many years ago. One must be cautious concerning the diagnostic potential of these techniques in this type of leprosy. We also studied different combinations of leprosy diagnosis methods to determine the potential risk in a leprosy contact individuals group. The prevalence of antibodies to M. leprae antigens in serum was measured, together with the presence of M. leprae DNA in the nose and lepromin status in a group of 43 contacts of leprosy patients (12 household and 31 occupational) to evaluate the maintenance of infection reservoirs and transmission of the disease. Only two individuals were found to form a potential high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Torres
- Sanatorio San Francisco de Borja, Fontilles, Spain
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Varó I, Navarro JC, Amat F, Guilhermino L. Characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Chemosphere 2002; 48:563-569. [PMID: 12143930 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the acute toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticides dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos to two different species of Artemia (A. salina and A. parthenogenetica) was evaluated. In addition, the in vivo effect of these two pesticides on cholinesterase (ChE) activity of both A. salina and A. parthenogenetica was also determined. The characterisation of the ChE, using different substrates and specific inhibitors, and the normal range of activity in non-exposed individuals were previously investigated for both species. The results obtained indicate that the ChE of A. salina is different from that of A. parthenogenetica and that both enzymes cannot be classified neither as acetylcholinesterase nor as butyrylcholinesterase since they show intermediary characteristics between the two vertebrate forms. The range of normal ChE activity was 2.65+/-0.15 U/mg protein for A. salina, and 3.69+/-0.17 U/mg protein for A. parthenogenetica. Significant in vivo effects of both pesticides on Artemia ChE activity were found, at concentrations between 5.38 and 9.30 mg/l for dichlorvos and between 1.85 and 3.19 mg/l for chlorpyrifos. Both Artemia species are resistant to these pesticides and they are able to survive with more than 80% ChE inhibition. However, A. parthenogenetica is more resistant than A. salina, with about a 95% reduction in its ChE activity respect to the control for nauplii exposed to the median lethal concentrations (LC50), without lethal effects after 24 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón España, Spain.
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Varó I, Serrano R, Pitarch E, Amat F, López FJ, Navarro JC. Bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos through an experimental food chain: study of protein HSP70 as biomarker of sublethal stress in fish. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 42:229-235. [PMID: 11815815 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-001-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2001] [Accepted: 09/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and transfer of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos has been studied in an experimental aquatic two-level food chain using two species of the crustacean Artemia (A. franciscana and A. parthenogenetica) and the small fish Aphanius iberus. Artemia adults contaminated by exposure to the pesticide in water were used as live prey for Aphanius, the next trophic level. During the experimental bioaccumulation phase, fish were fed chlorpyrifos-contaminated Artemia pools with concentrations between 6.5 and 14.5 ng/g fresh weight for 32 days. Both concentrations accumulated in fish, and biomagnification factor (BMF) values showed a continuous decrease during the bioaccumulation phase, probably due to the physicochemical characteristics of the organophosphorus pesticide, to the biotransformation ability of fish and to the progressive adaptation of fish metabolism to toxic exposure. The first day that fish were fed uncontaminated preys, the pesticide accumulated via food was rapidly eliminated and was not detected. The effect of chlorpyrifos exposure through the food chain on stress protein (HSP70) synthesis was measured as a general biochemical response of stress in the fish (A. iberus). The levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in fish fed on contaminated Artemia than in the control fish fed on uncontaminated Artemia. Results showed that the HSP70 induction in fish could be associated to exposure of chlorpyrifos via food.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, C.S.I.C., 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Moncayo AC, Medina GM, Kalvatchev Z, Brault AC, Barrera R, Boshell J, Ferro C, Freier JE, Navarro JC, Salas R, De Siger J, Vasquez C, Walder R, Weaver SC. Genetic diversity and relationships among Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus field isolates from Colombia and Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65:738-46. [PMID: 11791968 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During field studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses associated with epizootic emergence, a large number of virus isolates were made in sylvatic foci of Venezuela and Colombia. To rapidly characterize these isolates, antigenic subtypes were determined by means of immunofluorescence and by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis by use of an 856-bp fragment from the P62 gene, which we used to distinguish genetic variants. Representative isolates were sequenced to assess the sensitivity of SSCP to detect genetic differences. The SSCP analysis distinguished isolates differing by as little as 1 nucleotide; overall, differences of > or = 1 nucleotide were recognized 89% of the time, and the sensitivity to distinguish strains that differed by only 1 or 4 nucleotides was 17 and 57%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of representative sequences showed that all recent isolates from the Catatumbo region of western Venezuela and the middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia were closely related to epizootic subtype IAB and IC strains; strains from Yaracuy and Miranda States were more distantly related. Cocirculation of the same virus genotype in both Colombian and Venezuelan foci indicated that these viruses are readily transported between enzootic regions separated by > 300 km. The SSCP analysis appears to be a simple, fast, and relatively efficient method of screening VEE virus isolates to identify meaningful genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Moncayo
- Center for Tropical Disease and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
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Mendez W, Liria J, Navarro JC, Garcia CZ, Freier JE, Salas R, Weaver SC, Barrera R. Spatial dispersion of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a sylvatic focus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. J Med Entomol 2001; 38:813-821. [PMID: 11761379 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial localization of mosquitoes in sylvatic focus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in western Venezuela to identify mosquito species potentially involved in the hypothesized transport of viruses out of enzootic foci. The following criteria were used to identify species with potential for virus export: (1) common in the forest and surrounding area, (2) feeding on a wide range of vertebrates; (3) long dispersal capabilities, and (4) established vectorial competence for enzootic or epizootic VEE viruses. CDC traps baited with light/CO2 were operated for four and 12-h intervals to collect mosquitoes at four stations along two forest/open area transects from September to November 1997. We collected 60,444 mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 34 species. The most common species were Aedes serratus (Theobald), Ae. scapularis (Rondani), Ae. fulvus (Wiedmann), Culex nigripalus Theobald, Cx, (Culex) "sp", Cx. mollis Dyar & Knab, Cx. spissipes (Theobald), Cx. pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin, Psorophora ferox (Humboldt), Ps. albipes (Theobald), and Ps. cingulata (F.). Very few mosquitoes were captured during the (day in the open area outside the forest, suggesting that any virus export from the forest may occur at night. The following mosquitoes seemed to be mostly restricted to the forest habitat: Ae. serratus, Ps. ferox, Ps. albipes, sabethines, Cx. spissipes, Cx. pedroi, Cx. dunni Dyar, and Ae. fulvus. The main species implicated its potential virus export were Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. scapularis, and Mansonia titillans (Walker).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mendez
- Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
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