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McGill MB, Schnyer DM. The Effects of Early Life History of TBI on the Progression of Normal Brain Aging with Implications for Increased Dementia Risk. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 42:119-143. [PMID: 39432040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69832-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the risk conferred on neurological health by a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how that influences the lifespan trajectory of brain aging. This chapter explores the importance of this issue, population, and methodological considerations, including injury documentation and outcome assessment. We then explore some of the findings in the neuroimaging and neuropsychological research literature examining the interaction between an earlier life history of TBI and the normal aging process. Finally, we consider the limitations of our current knowledge and where the field needs to go in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenna B McGill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - David M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Hoagey DA, Lazarus LTT, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM. The effect of vascular health factors on white matter microstructure mediates age-related differences in executive function performance. Cortex 2021; 141:403-420. [PMID: 34130048 PMCID: PMC8319097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Even within healthy aging, vascular risk factors can detrimentally influence cognition, with executive functions (EF) particularly vulnerable. Fronto-parietal white matter (WM) connectivity in part, supports EF and may be particularly sensitive to vascular risk. Here, we utilized structural equation modeling in 184 healthy adults (aged 20-94 years of age) to test the hypotheses that: 1) fronto-parietal WM microstructure mediates age effects on EF; 2) higher blood pressure (BP) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden influences this association. All participants underwent comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychological testing including tests of processing speed, executive function (with a focus on tasks that require switching and inhibition) and completed an MRI scanning session that included FLAIR imaging for semi-automated quantification of white matter hyperintensity burden and diffusion-weighted imaging for tractography. Structural equation models were specified with age (as a continuous variable) and blood pressure predicting within-tract WMH burden and fractional anisotropy predicting executive function and processing speed. Results indicated that fronto-parietal white matter of the genu of the corpus collosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (but not cortico-spinal tract) mediated the association between age and EF. Additionally, increased systolic blood pressure and white matter hyperintensity burden within these white matter tracts contribute to worsening white matter health and are important factors underlying age-brain-behavior associations. These findings suggest that aging brings about increases in both BP and WMH burden, which may be involved in the degradation of white matter connectivity and in turn, negatively impact executive functions as we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hoagey
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linh T T Lazarus
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Kaskikallio A, Karrasch M, Koikkalainen J, Lötjönen J, Rinne JO, Tuokkola T, Parkkola R, Grönholm-Nyman P. Effects of White Matter Hyperintensities on Verbal Fluency in Healthy Older Adults and MCI/AD. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:614809. [PMID: 34025385 PMCID: PMC8134546 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.614809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers for cerebrovascular pathology, which are frequently seen in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Verbal fluency is often impaired especially in AD, but little research has been conducted concerning the specific effects of WMH on verbal fluency in MCI and AD. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the relationship between WMH and verbal fluency in healthy old age and pathological aging (MCI/AD) using quantified MRI data. METHODS Measures for semantic and phonemic fluency as well as quantified MRI imaging data from a sample of 42 cognitively healthy older adults and 44 patients with MCI/AD (total n = 86) were utilized. Analyses were performed both using the total sample that contained seven left-handed/ambidextrous participants, as well with a sample containing only right-handed participants (n = 79) in order to guard against possible confounding effects regarding language lateralization. RESULTS After controlling for age and education and adjusting for multiple correction, WMH in the bilateral frontal and parieto-occipital areas as well as the right temporal area were associated with semantic fluency in cognitively healthy and MCI/AD patients but only in the models containing solely right-handed participants. CONCLUSION The results indicate that white matter pathology in both frontal and parieto-occipital cerebral areas may have associations with impaired semantic fluency in right-handed older adults. However, elevated levels of WMH do not seem to be associated with cumulative effects on verbal fluency impairment in patients with MCI or AD. Further studies on the subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alar Kaskikallio
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Juha O. Rinne
- Turku PET-Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Yazdani A, Mendez-Giraldez R, Yazdani A, Kosorok MR, Roussos P. Differential gene regulatory pattern in the human brain from schizophrenia using transcriptomic-causal network. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:469. [PMID: 33087039 PMCID: PMC7579819 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common and complex traits are the consequence of the interaction and regulation of multiple genes simultaneously, therefore characterizing the interconnectivity of genes is essential to unravel the underlying biological networks. However, the focus of many studies is on the differential expression of individual genes or on co-expression analysis. METHODS Going beyond analysis of one gene at a time, we systematically integrated transcriptomics, genotypes and Hi-C data to identify interconnectivities among individual genes as a causal network. We utilized different machine learning techniques to extract information from the network and identify differential regulatory pattern between cases and controls. We used data from the Allen Brain Atlas for replication. RESULTS Employing the integrative systems approach on the data from CommonMind Consortium showed that gene transcription is controlled by genetic variants proximal to the gene (cis-regulatory factors), and transcribed distal genes (trans-regulatory factors). We identified differential gene regulatory patterns in SCZ-cases versus controls and novel SCZ-associated genes that may play roles in the disorder since some of them are primary expressed in human brain. In addition, we observed genes known associated with SCZ are not likely (OR = 0.59) to have high impacts (degree > 3) on the network. CONCLUSIONS Causal networks could reveal underlying patterns and the role of genes individually and as a group. Establishing principles that govern relationships between genes provides a mechanistic understanding of the dysregulated gene transcription patterns in SCZ and creates more efficient experimental designs for further studies. This information cannot be obtained by studying a single gene at the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Yazdani
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Genetic Medicine Building, CB#7361, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA.
| | - Raul Mendez-Giraldez
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Azam Yazdani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael R Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, Hess CSM Building Floor 9 Room 107, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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Gesierich B, Tuladhar AM, ter Telgte A, Wiegertjes K, Konieczny MJ, Finsterwalder S, Hübner M, Pirpamer L, Koini M, Abdulkadir A, Franzmeier N, Norris DG, Marques JP, zu Eulenburg P, Ewers M, Schmidt R, de Leeuw F, Duering M. Alterations and test-retest reliability of functional connectivity network measures in cerebral small vessel disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2629-2641. [PMID: 32087047 PMCID: PMC7294060 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While structural network analysis consolidated the hypothesis of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) being a disconnection syndrome, little is known about functional changes on the level of brain networks. In patients with genetically defined SVD (CADASIL, n = 41) and sporadic SVD (n = 46), we independently tested the hypothesis that functional networks change with SVD burden and mediate the effect of disease burden on cognitive performance, in particular slowing of processing speed. We further determined test-retest reliability of functional network measures in sporadic SVD patients participating in a high-frequency (monthly) serial imaging study (RUN DMC-InTENse, median: 8 MRIs per participant). Functional networks for the whole brain and major subsystems (i.e., default mode network, DMN; fronto-parietal task control network, FPCN; visual network, VN; hand somatosensory-motor network, HSMN) were constructed based on resting-state multi-band functional MRI. In CADASIL, global efficiency (a graph metric capturing network integration) of the DMN was lower in patients with high disease burden (standardized beta = -.44; p [corrected] = .035) and mediated the negative effect of disease burden on processing speed (indirect path: std. beta = -.20, p = .047; direct path: std. beta = -.19, p = .25; total effect: std. beta = -.39, p = .02). The corresponding analyses in sporadic SVD showed no effect. Intraclass correlations in the high-frequency serial MRI dataset of the sporadic SVD patients revealed poor test-retest reliability and analysis of individual variability suggested an influence of age, but not disease burden, on global efficiency. In conclusion, our results suggest that changes in functional connectivity networks mediate the effect of SVD-related brain damage on cognitive deficits. However, limited reliability of functional network measures, possibly due to age-related comorbidities, impedes the analysis in elderly SVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Anil Man Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Annemieke ter Telgte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Wiegertjes
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marek J. Konieczny
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Sofia Finsterwalder
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Mathias Hübner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Ahmed Abdulkadir
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste (UPD) BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | - David G. Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - José P. Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter zu Eulenburg
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance DisordersUniversity HospitalMunichGermany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
| | | | - Frank‐Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University HospitalMunichGermany
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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6
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Ziaei M, Bonyadi MR, Reutens DC. Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:111. [PMID: 32477096 PMCID: PMC7232576 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasoning requires initial encoding of the semantic association between premises or assumptions, retrieval of these semantic associations from memory, and recombination of information to draw a logical conclusion. Currently-held beliefs can interfere with the content of the assumptions if not congruent and inhibited. This study aimed to investigate the role of the hippocampus and hippocampal networks during logical reasoning tasks in which the congruence between currently-held beliefs and assumptions varies. Participants of younger and older age completed a series of syllogistic reasoning tasks in which two premises and one conclusion were presented and they were required to decide if the conclusion logically followed the premises. The belief load of premises was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with currently-held beliefs. Our whole-brain results showed that older adults recruited the hippocampus during the premise integration stage more than their younger counterparts. Functional connectivity using a hippocampal seed revealed that older, but not younger, adults recruited a hippocampal network that included anterior cingulate and inferior frontal regions when premises were believable. Importantly, this network contributed to better performance in believable inferences, only in older adults group. Further analyses suggested that, in older adults group, the integrity of the left cingulum bundle was associated with the higher rejection of believable premises more than unbelievable ones. Using multimodal imaging, this study highlights the importance of the hippocampus during premise integration and supports compensatory role of the hippocampal network during a logical reasoning task among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ziaei
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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7
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Wang B, Zhang J, Pan W, Cao S, Li B, Bai L, Hu P, Tian Y, Jiang D, Wang K. Differential Influence of Location-Specific White-Matter Hyperintensities on Attention Subdomains Measured Using the Attention Network Test. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921874. [PMID: 31940305 PMCID: PMC6983326 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly people with white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) typically show cognitive impairment. Attention, consisting of 3 independent component processes (alerting, orienting, and executive control), is crucial for cognitive functioning. Little is known about how WMHs interfere with these attention subdomains. In the present study, we sought to describe characteristics of attention deficits in patients with age-related WMHs and to assess whether the severity and location of lesions differentially affect specific attention subdomains using the attention network test (ANT), which is a computer-based paradigm tailored to accurately provide behavioral measures of the aforementioned subdomains. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 39 WMH patients and 39 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and ANT evaluation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to visualize severity of total and location-specific WMH lesions. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for possible confounders were performed. RESULTS Compared with controls, WMH patients showed pronounced deficits in orienting and executive control efficiencies (P<0.050), but not alerting efficiency (P=0.642). As total WMH severity increased, efficiencies in the impaired subdomains significantly declined (P<0.050). In terms of lesion location, fronto-parietal type of periventricular WMH (PWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) in the parietal lobe affected orienting efficiency, while all PWMH types and DWMH in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes affected executive control efficiency (P<0.050). Additional adjustment for other MRI lesions significantly changed the impact on orienting, but not on executive control efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal specific attention deficits in patients with age-related WMH and may help clarify how the location of lesions influences their effects on attention subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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8
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Episodic memory decline in Parkinson' s disease: relation with white matter hyperintense lesions and influence of quantification method. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:810-818. [PMID: 29948903 PMCID: PMC6538581 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The relation of white matter hyperintense lesions to episodic memory impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is still controversial. We aimed at evaluating the relation between white matter hyperintense lesions and episodic memory decline in patients with PD. In this multicentric prospective study, twenty-one normal controls, 15 PD patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 13 PD patients with MCI were selected to conduct a clinico-radiological correlation analysis. Performance during episodic memory testing, age-related white matter changes score, total manual and automated white matter hyperintense lesions volume and lobar white matter hyperintense lesions volumes were compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and correlations were assessed using the Spearman test. MCI PD patients had impaired free recall. They also had higher total, left prefrontal and left temporal white matter hyperintense lesions volumes than normal controls. Free recall performance was negatively correlated with the total white matter hyperintense lesions volume, either manually or automatically delineated, but not with the age-related white matter changes score. Using automated segmentation, both the left prefrontal and temporal white matter hyperintense lesions volumes were negatively correlated with the free recall performance. Early episodic memory impairment in MCI PD patients may be related to white matter hyperintense lesions, mainly in the prefrontal and temporal lobes. This relation is influenced by the method used for white matter hyperintense lesions quantification. Automated volumetry allows for detecting those changes.
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9
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Jiang Y, Wei K, Zhang X, Feng H, Hu R. White matter repair and treatment strategy after intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1113-1125. [PMID: 31578825 PMCID: PMC6823871 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The predilection site of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is in the basal ganglia, which is rich in white matter (WM) fiber bundles, such as cerebrospinal tract in the internal capsule. ICH induced damage to this area can easily lead to severe neurological dysfunction and affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients. At present, the pathophysiological mechanisms of white matter injury (WMI) after ICH have attracted researchers' attention, but studies on the repair and recovery mechanisms and therapy strategies remain rare. In this review, we mainly summarized the WM recovery and treatment strategies after ICH by updating the WMI-related content by reviewing the latest researches and proposing the bottleneck of the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Bin Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kai‐Yan Wei
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xu‐Yang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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10
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Puzo C, Labriola C, Sugarman MA, Tripodis Y, Martin B, Palmisano JN, Steinberg EG, Stein TD, Kowall NW, McKee AC, Mez J, Killiany RJ, Stern RA, Alosco ML. Independent effects of white matter hyperintensities on cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline: a longitudinal investigation using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:64. [PMID: 31351489 PMCID: PMC6661103 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal investigations are needed to improve understanding of the contributions of cerebral small vessel disease to the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the early disease stages. This study leveraged the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set to longitudinally examine the association between white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline among participants with normal cognition. METHODS The sample included 465 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set who had quantitated volume of white matter hyperintensities from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI, had normal cognition at the time of their MRI, and were administered the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological test battery within 1 year of study evaluation and had at least two post-MRI time points of clinical data. Neuropsychiatric status was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes defined functional status. For participants subsequently diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, their impairment must have been attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) to evaluate the relationships between WMH and the clinical presentation of AD. RESULTS Of the 465 participants, 56 converted to MCI or AD dementia (average follow-up = 5 years). Among the 465 participants, generalized estimating equations controlling for age, sex, race, education, APOE ε4, and total brain and hippocampal volume showed that higher baseline log-white matter hyperintensities predicted accelerated decline on the following neuropsychological tests in rank order of effect size: Trails B (p < 0.01), Digit Symbol Coding (p < 0.01), Logical Memory Immediate Recall (p = 0.02), Trail Making A (p < 0.01), and Semantic Fluency (p < 0.01). White matter hyperintensities predicted increases in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (p < 0.01) and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores (p = 0.01). Effect sizes were comparable to total brain and hippocampal volume. White matter hyperintensities did not predict diagnostic conversion. All effects also remained after including individuals with non-AD suspected etiologies for those who converted to MCI or dementia. CONCLUSIONS In this baseline cognitively normal sample, greater white matter hyperintensities were associated with accelerated cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline independent of traditional risk factors and MRI biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Puzo
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Caroline Labriola
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael A Sugarman
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric G Steinberg
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Li EK, Lee S, Patel SS, Sereno AB. Age-Dependent Performance on Pro-point and Anti-point Tasks. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2519. [PMID: 30618945 PMCID: PMC6304380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in prefrontal cortex are thought to be responsible for many of the characteristic behavioral changes that are seen during adolescence and late adulthood. Disruption of prefrontal cortex is an early sign for many developmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Goal directed eye movements, such as Anti-saccades, have been shown to have high sensitivity as a gross assessment of prefrontal lobe function. Previous studies on the developmental changes of saccades across age have shown that stimulus-driven and goal-directed eye movements follow a U-shaped trend with peaks in performance occuring during adolescence. Using novel tablet-based pointing tasks, modeled on eye movement tests, this study aims to provide a preliminary understanding of how age affects manual pointing performance, in order to more easily track behavioral changes of the prefrontal cortex. In this study, 82 participants between the ages of 10 and 63 were recruited to participate. Results show that similarly to saccades, manual pointing responses are age dependent with fastest response times found during late adolescence to early adulthood (U-shaped curves). Importantly, we also demonstrated significant differences in the effect of age in stimulus-driven (Pro-point) and goal-directed (Anti-point) pointing tasks. The effect of age on response time (RT) is greater on Anti-point compared to Pro-point task (with a 79 ms greater mean decrease during early development and a 148 ms greater mean increase during later aging). Further, for Pro-point task, the U-shaped curve flattens at about 45 years whereas for Anti-point task the U-shaped curve continues up to the maximum age tested (about 60 years). This dissociation between age-related changes in sensorimotor and cognitive performance suggests independent development of associated brain circuity. Thus, changes of performance in disease that are specific for age and task may be able to help identify brain circuitry involved. Finally, given that these tablet-based pointing tasks show similar age-related patterns reported previously with eye-tracking technology, our findings suggest that such tablet-based tasks may provide an inexpensive, quick, and more practical way of detecting neurological deficits or tracking cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah K Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Saumil S Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anne B Sereno
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Bao H, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Yun W, Zhou X. The efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with white matter hyperintensity. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01149. [PMID: 30378299 PMCID: PMC6305931 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate effects of deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A total of 113 AIS patients with WMH were categorized into the PVH group and the DWMH group according to the lesion location, with the division of two subgroups based on whether or not they received IVT treatment: the thrombolysis group and the control group. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for proportional hazards of recurrent stroke. Further, multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed. RESULTS Of total patients, there were 62 PVH patients and 51 DWMH patients: 27 of PVH patients and 22 of DWMH patients received IVT, and the remaining patients only received routine treatment. DWMH patients had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.034) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.038) than PVH patients in the thrombolysis group. Moreover, DWMH patients undergoing IVT also had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 10.3%; x2 = 5.050; p = 0.025) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.4%; x2 = 4.664; p = 0.031) than DWMH patients without IVT. Again, PVH patients had a higher rate of recurrent stroke (20.0% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.034) than DWMH patients in the control group after 90-day follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cumulative probability of no major endpoint events (p = 0.039). Further, multivariate Cox regression revealed that PVH is an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence in AIS patients after adjusting confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The location of WMH is closely associated with the efficacy of IVT in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hanmo Bao
- Emergency Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Mei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Yun
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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13
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Atwi S, Metcalfe AWS, Robertson AD, Rezmovitz J, Anderson ND, MacIntosh BJ. Attention-Related Brain Activation Is Altered in Older Adults With White Matter Hyperintensities Using Multi-Echo fMRI. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:748. [PMID: 30405336 PMCID: PMC6200839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is often undetectable in the early stages of accelerated vascular aging. Attentional processes are particularly affected in older adults with white matter hyperintensities (WMH), although specific neurovascular mechanisms have not been elucidated. We aimed to identify differences in attention-related neurofunctional activation and behavior between adults with and without WMH. Older adults with moderate to severe WMH (n = 18, mean age = 70 years), age-matched adults (n = 28, mean age = 72), and healthy younger adults (n = 19, mean age = 25) performed a modified flanker task during multi-echo blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Task-related activation was assessed using a weighted-echo approach. Healthy older adults had more widespread response and higher amplitude of activation compared to WMH adults in fronto-temporal and parietal cortices. Activation associated with processing speed was absent in the WMH group, suggesting attention-related activation deficits that may be a consequence of cerebral small vessel disease. WMH adults had greater executive contrast activation in the precuneous and posterior cingulate gyrus compared to HYA, despite no performance benefits, reinforcing the network dysfunction theory in WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Atwi
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arron W S Metcalfe
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Rezmovitz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Ding JR, Ding X, Hua B, Xiong X, Wen Y, Ding Z, Wang Q, Thompson P. Altered connectivity patterns among resting state networks in patients with ischemic white matter lesions. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1239-1250. [PMID: 29134612 PMCID: PMC6290724 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) have been associated with cognitive and motor decline. Resting state networks (RSNs) are spatially coherent patterns in the human brain and their interactions sustain our daily function. Therefore, investigating the altered intra- and inter-network connectivity among the RSNs may help to understand the association of WMLs with impaired cognitive and motor function. Here, we assessed alterations in functional connectivity patterns based on six well-defined RSNs-the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontal-parietal control network (FPCN), auditory network (AN), sensory motor network (SMN) and visual network (VN)-in 15 patients with ischemic WMLs and 15 controls. In the patients, Spearman's correlation analysis was further performed between these alterations and cognitive test scores, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Our results showed wide alterations of inter-network connectivity mainly involving the SMN, DMN, FPCN and DAN, and some alterations correlated with cognitive test scores in the patients. The reduced functional connectivities in the SMN-AN, SMN-VN, FPCN-AN, DAN-VN pairs may account for the cognitive and motor decline in patients with ischemic WMLs, while the increased functional connectivities in the DMN-AN, DMN-FPCN and DAN-FPCN pairs may reflect a functional network reorganization after damage to white matter. It is unexpected that altered intra-network connectivities were found within the AN and VN, which may explain the impairments in verbal fluency and information retrieval associated with WMLs. This study highlights the importance of functional connectivity in understanding how WMLs influence cognitive and behavior dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Rong Ding
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Hua
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xingzhong Xiong
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Yuqiao Wen
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
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15
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Yang CM, Hung CL, Su HC, Lin HJ, Chen CH, Lin CC, Hu HH, Lin SH, Sung PS. Leukoaraiosis and risk of intracranial hemorrhage and outcome after stroke thrombolysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196505. [PMID: 29715283 PMCID: PMC5929505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of leukoaraiosis on the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after stroke thrombolysis is conflicting, and the data on Asian populations are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the association between leukoaraiosis and SICH, and the association between leukoaraiosis and the 90-day functional outcome in the Asian population. METHODS Data were collected from a two-center prospective registry of acute ischemic stroke patients given intravenous tissue plasminogen activator between 2006 and 2014. A total of 614 pretreatment brain CT and 455 posttreatment MRI were retrospectively assessed using two different rating scales for the presence of leukoaraiosis. Outcome measures were the occurrence of SICH with three definitions and any hemorrhage after thrombolysis and functional outcome at 3 months. RESULTS Of the 614 patients assessed, 30.3% showed severe leukoaraiosis on the baseline brain CT. The SICH rate was 4.6% - 7.2% based on different definitions, and overall, 24.9% of patients showed any post-tPA hemorrhage. No association was observed between the severity of leukoaraiosis and SICH, regardless of having used different leukoaraiosis rating scales or as assessment using different imaging modalities. However, severe leukoaraiosis was independently associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months (OR 1.96, 95% C1 1.24-3.11, P = 0.004) after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed no association between leukoaraiosis and the risk of SICH. Although the presence of severe leukoaraiosis predicted a poor functional outcome after stroke, IV thrombolysis might not be withheld in acute ischemic stroke patients solely based on the presence of severe leukoaraiosis on pre-thrombolytic CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ling Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Juan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Ching Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hwa Hu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Jeong SH, Ahn SS, Baik M, Kim KH, Yoo J, Kim K, Lee HS, Ha J, Kim YD, Heo JH, Nam HS. Impact of white matter hyperintensities on the prognosis of cryptogenic stroke patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196014. [PMID: 29702667 PMCID: PMC5922577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, little is known regarding whether white matter hyperintensities (WMH) affect the prognosis of cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients. Understanding this association may be helpful with expecting the prognosis of CS patients. Methods This retrospective observational study enrolled consecutive CS patients who underwent brain MRI and comprehensive cardiac evaluation. Severe WMH was defined as Fazekas’ score ≥3. We defined poor functional outcome as modified Rankin Scale score ≥3 at 3 months. Long-term mortality and causes of death were identified using national death certificates and assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and regression analysis model. Results Among 2732 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, 599 (21.9%) patients were classified as having CS. After exclusions, 235 patients were enrolled and followed up for a median of 7.7 years (IQR, 6.7–9.0). Severe WMH were found in 81 (34.5%) patients. After adjustments, severe WMH were an independent predictor for poor functional outcomes at 3 months (OR 5.25, 95% CI, 2.07–13.31). Subgroup analysis showed that severe WMH were an independent predictor for long-term mortality only in younger patients (age < 65) (HR 3.11, 95% CI, 1.29–7.50), but not in older patients (HR 1.19, 95% CI, 0.63–2.23). Conclusions Severe WMH were independently associated with short-term functional outcomes in CS patients and independently associated with long-term mortality in younger CS patients. Grading WMH is of value in predicting prognosis of CS patients with young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyoul Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JoonSang Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoungsub Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Ha
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Habes M, Erus G, Toledo JB, Bryan N, Janowitz D, Doshi J, Völzke H, Schminke U, Hoffmann W, Grabe HJ, Wolk DA, Davatzikos C. Regional tract-specific white matter hyperintensities are associated with patterns to aging-related brain atrophy via vascular risk factors, but also independently. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 10:278-284. [PMID: 29644327 PMCID: PMC5889709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to investigate associations of regional white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) within white matter (WM) tracts with cardiovascular risk and brain aging-related atrophy throughout adulthood in the general population, leveraging state of the art pattern analysis methods. METHODS We analyzed a large sample (n = 2367) from the Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany (range 20-90 years). WMHs were automatically segmented on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images, and WMH volumes were calculated in WM regions defined using the John Hopkins University WM tractography atlas. Regions with the highest average WMH volume were selected. We calculated a subject-specific index, Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging, to measure age-related atrophy patterns. The Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score summarized the individual cardiovascular risk profile. We used structural equation models, independently for each region, using Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging as a dependent variable, age as an independent variable, and cardiovascular disease risk score and regional WMH volumes as mediators. RESULTS Selected 12 WM regions included 75% of the total WMH burden in average. Structural equation models showed that the age effect on Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging was mediated by WMHs to a different extent in the superior frontal WM, anterior corona radiata, inferior frontal WM, superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, middle temporal WM, posterior corona radiata, superior parietal WM, splenium of corpus callosum, posterior thalamic radiation, and middle occipital WM (variance explained between 2.8% and 10.3%, P < .0001 Bonferroni corrected), but not in precentral WM. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that WMHs, in most WM tracts, might accelerate the brain aging process throughout adulthood in the general population as a result of vascular risk factors, but also independent of them. Preventive strategies against WMHs (such as controlling vascular risk factors or microglia depletion) could delay brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Habes
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon B. Toledo
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nick Bryan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, MV, Germany
| | - Jimit Doshi
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, MV, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, MV, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, MV, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, MV, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, MV, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, MV, Germany
| | - David A. Wolk
- Department of Neurology and Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Haight T, Nick Bryan R, Erus G, Hsieh MK, Davatzikos C, Nasrallah I, D'Esposito M, Jacobs DR, Lewis C, Schreiner P, Sidney S, Meirelles O, Launer LJ. White matter microstructure, white matter lesions, and hypertension: An examination of early surrogate markers of vascular-related brain change in midlife. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:753-761. [PMID: 29785359 PMCID: PMC5959740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective We examined imaging surrogates of white matter microstructural abnormalities which may precede white matter lesions (WML) and represent a relevant marker of cerebrovascular injury in adults in midlife. Methods In 698 community-dwelling adults (mean age 50 years ±3.5 SD) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Brain MRI sub-study, WML were identified on structural MR and fractional anisotropy (FA), representing WM microstructural integrity, was derived using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. FA and WML maps were overlaid on a parcellated T1-template, based on an expert-delineated brain atlas, which included 42 WM tract ROIs. Analyses occurred in stages: 1) WML were quantified for the different tracts (i.e., frequency, volume, volume relative to tract size); 2) the interdependence of FA in normal appearing WM (NAWM) and WML was examined across tracts; 3) associations of NAWM FA and hypertension status were assessed controlling for WML volume. In the latter analysis, both overall hypertension (i.e. hypertension vs. normotension and prehypertension vs. normotension) and hypertension categorized by antihypertensive treatment status (yes/no) and blood pressure control (e.g., diastolic <90 mmHg, systolic <140 mmHg), were assessed. Results WML were widely distributed across different WM tracts, however, WML volume was small. Mean NAWM FA was lower in participants with vs. participants without WML in given tracts. Hypertension was significantly associated with lower mean NAWM FA globally across tracts, both before and after adjustment for WML volume. Moreover, the magnitude of this association differed by treatment status and the level of control of the hypertension. Conclusions In middle-aged adults, NAWM FA could represent a relevant marker of cerebrovascular injury when WML are minimally present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus Haight
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Room 2N300, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Nick Bryan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guray Erus
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meng-Kang Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California-Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cora Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Medical Towers 614, 1717 11th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pamela Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Room 2N300, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Room 2N300, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Maki T, Choi YK, Miyamoto N, Shindo A, Liang AC, Ahn BJ, Mandeville ET, Kaji S, Itoh K, Seo JH, Gelman IH, Lok J, Takahashi R, Kim KW, Lo EH, Arai K. A-Kinase Anchor Protein 12 Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in Adult White Matter. Stem Cells 2018; 36:751-760. [PMID: 29314444 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes in cerebral white matter. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate this process remain to be fully defined, especially in adult brains. Recently, it has been suggested that signaling via A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12), a scaffolding protein that associates with intracellular molecules such as protein kinase A, may be involved in Schwann cell homeostasis and peripheral myelination. Here, we asked whether AKAP12 also regulates the mechanisms of myelination in the CNS. AKAP12 knockout mice were compared against wild-type (WT) mice in a series of neurochemical and behavioral assays. Compared with WTs, 2-months old AKAP12 knockout mice exhibited loss of myelin in white matter of the corpus callosum, along with perturbations in working memory as measured by a standard Y-maze test. Unexpectedly, very few OPCs expressed AKAP12 in the corpus callosum region. Instead, pericytes appeared to be one of the major AKAP12-expressing cells. In a cell culture model system, conditioned culture media from normal pericytes promoted in-vitro OPC maturation. However, conditioned media from AKAP12-deficient pericytes did not support the OPC function. These findings suggest that AKAP12 signaling in pericytes may be required for OPC-to-oligodendrocyte renewal to maintain the white matter homeostasis in adult brain. Stem Cells 2018;36:751-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Liang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kanako Itoh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NeuroVascular Coordination Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Korea
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- NeuroVascular Coordination Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Tabei KI, Kida H, Hosoya T, Satoh M, Tomimoto H. Prediction of Cognitive Decline from White Matter Hyperintensity and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2017; 8:408. [PMID: 28928704 PMCID: PMC5591322 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several studies support an association of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), no reports have simultaneously considered the effects of both factors on cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to compare WMH volume and rCBF in relation to cognitive function by developing a new software program to fuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data. METHOD We used MRI, SPECT, and neuropsychological data from 182 serial outpatients treated at the memory clinic of our hospital. RESULTS Twenty-nine AD patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (18 females, mean age: 73.1 ± 7.9 years, mean Mini-Mental State Examination: 23.1 ± 3.0). Analysis of variance revealed that posterior deep WMH (DWMH) volume was significantly larger than both anterior periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and DWMH, and posterior PVH volumes. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increased volumes of the anterior PVH and the posterior DWMH and decreased rCBF of the parietal cortex negatively affected cognitive function. The other areas had no significant negative effects on cognitive function. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the volume of the posterior WMH was significantly larger than that of other areas, and the increased posterior WMH volume and decreased rCBF of the parietal cortex negatively affected cognitive function. Therefore, the posterior WMH volume and the parietal rCBF are key parameters of cognitive decline in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Tabei
- Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kida
- Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Satoh
- Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
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21
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Gold BT, Brown CA, Hakun JG, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Smith CD. Clinically silent Alzheimer's and vascular pathologies influence brain networks supporting executive function in healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:102-111. [PMID: 28719854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in executive function. We examined how executive functional brain systems are influenced by clinically silent Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cerebral white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Twenty-nine younger adults and 34 cognitively normal older adults completed a working memory paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Older adults further underwent lumbar cerebrospinal fluid draw for the assessment of AD pathology and FLAIR imaging for the assessment of WMHs. Accurate working memory performance in both age groups was associated with high fronto-visual functional connectivity (fC). However, in older adults, higher expression of fronto-visual fC was linked with lower levels of clinically silent AD pathology. In addition, AD pathology and WMHs were each independently related to increased functional magnetic resonance imaging response in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a pattern associated with slower task performance. Our results suggest that clinically silent AD pathology is related to lower expression of a fronto-visual fC pattern supporting executive task performance. Further, our findings suggest that AD pathology and WMHs appear to be linked with ineffective increases in frontal response in CN older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan G Hakun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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22
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Belghali M, Chastan N, Cignetti F, Davenne D, Decker LM. Loss of gait control assessed by cognitive-motor dual-tasks: pros and cons in detecting people at risk of developing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. GeroScience 2017; 39:305-329. [PMID: 28551877 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are age-related progressive neurodegenerative diseases of increasing prevalence worldwide. In the absence of curative therapy, current research is interested in prevention, by identifying subtle signs of early-stage neurodegeneration. Today, the field of behavioral neuroscience has emerged as one of the most promising areas of research on this topic. Recently, it has been shown that the exacerbation of gait disorders under dual-task conditions (i.e., simultaneous performance of cognitive and motor tasks) could be a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm during walking allows to assess whether (i) executive attention is abnormally impaired in prodromal Alzheimer's disease or (ii) compensation strategies are used in order to preserve gait function when the basal ganglia system is altered in prodromal Parkinson's disease. This review aims at (i) identifying patterns of dual-task-related gait changes that are specific to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively, (ii) demonstrating that these changes could potentially be used as prediagnostic markers for disease onset, (iii) reviewing pros and cons of existing dual-task studies, and (iv) proposing future directions for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Belghali
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Nathalie Chastan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Neurophysiology, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle, Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13331, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Davenne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Leslie M Decker
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, 14000, Caen, France.
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23
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Belghali M, Chastan N, Davenne D, Decker LM. Improving Dual-Task Walking Paradigms to Detect Prodromal Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Front Neurol 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28588547 PMCID: PMC5438971 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait control is a complex movement, relying on spinal, subcortical, and cortical structures. The presence of deficits in one or more of these structures will result in changes in gait automaticity and control, as is the case in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). By reviewing recent findings in this field of research, current studies have shown that gait performance assessment under dual-task conditions could contribute to predict both of these diseases. Such suggestions are relevant mainly for people at putatively high risk of developing AD (i.e., older adults with mild cognitive impairment subtypes) or PD (i.e., older adults with either Mild Parkinsonian signs or LRRK2 G2019S mutation). Despite the major importance of these results, the type of cognitive task that should be used as a concurrent secondary task has to be selected among the plurality of tasks proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the key aspects of gait control that represent sensitive and specific "gait signatures" for prodromal AD or PD need to be determined. In the present perspective article, we suggest the use of a Stroop interference task requiring inhibitory attentional control and a set-shifting task requiring reactive flexibility as being particularly relevant secondary tasks for challenging gait in prodromal AD and PD, respectively. Investigating how inhibition and cognitive flexibility interfere with gait control is a promising avenue for future research aimed at enhancing early detection of AD and PD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Chastan
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Caen, France.,Department of Neurophysiology, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Davenne
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Caen, France
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24
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Kurdziel LBF, Mantua J, Spencer RMC. Novel word learning in older adults: A role for sleep? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 167:106-113. [PMID: 27291336 PMCID: PMC5148724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an offline period during which newly acquired semantic information is transformed into longer-lasting memories. Language acquisition, which requires new word learning and semantic integration, is preferentially benefitted by a period of sleep in children and young adults. Specific features of sleep (e.g., sleep stage characteristics) have been associated with enhanced language acquisition and generalization. However, with increasing age, even in healthy individuals, sleep quality and quantity decrease. Simultaneously, deficits in word retrieval and new word learning emerge. Yet it is unknown whether age-related alterations in language ability are linked with alterations in sleep. The goal of this review is to examine changes in language learning and sleep across the lifespan. We consider how sleep detriments that occur with aging could affect abilities to learn novel words and semantic generalization and propose hypotheses to motivate future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B F Kurdziel
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Janna Mantua
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Neuroscience & Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
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25
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Resting-State Network Topology Differentiates Task Signals across the Adult Life Span. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2734-2745. [PMID: 28174333 PMCID: PMC5354325 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2406-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain network connectivity differs across individuals. For example, older adults exhibit less segregated resting-state subnetworks relative to younger adults (Chan et al., 2014). It has been hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity impact the recruitment of brain areas during task execution. While recent studies have described the spatial overlap between resting-state functional correlation (RSFC) subnetworks and task-evoked activity, it is unclear whether individual variations in the connectivity pattern of a brain area (topology) relates to its activity during task execution. We report data from 238 cognitively normal participants (humans), sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), to reveal that RSFC-based network organization systematically relates to the recruitment of brain areas across two functionally distinct tasks (visual and semantic). The functional activity of brain areas (network nodes) were characterized according to their patterns of RSFC: nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in their own functional system (“non-connector” nodes) exhibited greater activity than nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in other systems (“connector” nodes). This “activation selectivity” was specific to those brain systems that were central to each of the tasks. Increasing age was accompanied by less differentiated network topology and a corresponding reduction in activation selectivity (or differentiation) across relevant network nodes. The results provide evidence that connectional topology of brain areas quantified at rest relates to the functional activity of those areas during task. Based on these findings, we propose a novel network-based theory for previous reports of the “dedifferentiation” in brain activity observed in aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Similar to other real-world networks, the organization of brain networks impacts their function. As brain network connectivity patterns differ across individuals, we hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity would relate to differences in brain activity. Using functional MRI in a group of individuals sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), we measured correlations at rest and related the functional connectivity patterns to measurements of functional activity during two independent tasks. Brain activity varied in relation to connectivity patterns revealed by large-scale network analysis. This relationship tracked the differences in connectivity patterns accompanied by older age, providing important evidence for a link between the topology of areal connectivity measured at rest and the functional recruitment of these areas during task performance.
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26
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Performance of Older Persons in a Simulated Shopping Task Is Influenced by Priming with Age Stereotypes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160739. [PMID: 27649296 PMCID: PMC5029882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that older persons show cognitive deficits in standardized laboratory tests, but not in more natural tests such as the Multiple Errands Task (MET). The absence of deficits in the latter tests has been attributed to the compensation of deficits by strategies based on life-long experience. To scrutinize this view, we primed older participants with positive or negative stereotypes about old age before administering MET. We found that compared to unprimed controls, priming with positive age stereotypes reduced the number of errors without changing response times, while priming with negative stereotypes changed neither errors not response times. We interpret our findings as evidence that positive age priming improved participants' cognitive functions while leaving intact their experience-based compensation, and that negative age priming degraded participants' cognitive functions which, however, was balanced by an even stronger experience-based compensation.
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27
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Yu L, Dawe RJ, Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Schneider JA, Arfanakis K, Bennett DA. Ex vivo MRI transverse relaxation in community based older persons with and without Alzheimer's dementia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:233-240. [PMID: 27596378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the transverse relaxation rate, R2, measured using MRI, are observed in older persons with Alzheimer's (AD) dementia. However, the spatial pattern of these alterations and the degree to which they reflect the accumulation of common age-related neuropathologies are unknown. In this study, we characterized the profile of R2 alterations in post-mortem brains of persons with clinical diagnosis of AD dementia and investigated how the profile differs after accounting for neuropathologic indices of AD, cerebral infarcts, Lewy body disease, hippocampal sclerosis and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43. Data came from 567 post-mortem brains donated by participants in two cohort studies of aging and dementia. R2 was quantified using fast spin echo imaging. Voxelwise linear regression examined R2 alterations between subjects diagnosed with AD dementia at death and those with no cognitive impairment. Voxels showing significant R2 alterations were clustered into regions of interest (ROIs). Three R2 profiles were compared, which were adjusted for (1) demographics only; (2) demographics and AD pathology; (3) demographics, AD pathology and other common neuropathologies. R2 alterations were observed throughout the hemisphere, most commonly in white matter. Of the distinct ROIs identified, the largest region encompassed large portions of white matter in all lobes. This ROI became smaller in size but remained largely intact after adjusting for AD and other neuropathologic indices. Further, R2 alterations identify AD dementia with improved accuracy, above and beyond demographics and neuropathologic indices (p<0.0001). In conclusion, R2 alterations in AD dementia are not solely reflective of common age-related neuropathologies, suggesting that other mechanisms are at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert J Dawe
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Ding JR, Ding X, Hua B, Xiong X, Wang Q, Chen H. Abnormal functional connectivity density in patients with ischemic white matter lesions: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4625. [PMID: 27603353 PMCID: PMC5023875 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) are frequently detected in elderly people. Previous structural and functional studies have demonstrated that WMLs are associated with cognitive and motor decline. However, the underlying mechanism of how WMLs lead to cognitive decline and motor disturbance remains unclear. We used functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM) to investigate changes in brain functional connectivity in 16 patients with ischemic WMLs and 13 controls. Both short- and long-range FCD maps were computed, and group comparisons were performed between the 2 groups. A correlation analysis was further performed between regions with altered FCD and cognitive test scores (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) in the patient group. We found that patients with ischemic WMLs showed reduced short-range FCD in the temporal cortex, primary motor cortex, and subcortical region, which may account for inadequate top-down attention, impaired motor, memory, and executive function associated with WMLs. The positive correlation between primary motor cortex and MoCA scores may provide evidence for the influences of cognitive function on behavioral performance. The inferior parietal cortex exhibited increased short-range FCD, reflecting a hyper bottom-up attention to compensate for the inadequate top-down attention for language comprehension and information retrieval in patients with WMLs. Moreover, the prefrontal and primary motor cortex showed increased long-range FCD and the former positively correlated with MoCA scores, which may suggest a strategy of cortical functional reorganization to compensate for motor and executive deficits. Our findings provide new insights into how WMLs cause cognitive and motor decline from cortical functional connectivity perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Rong Ding
- School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong
- Correspondence: Ju-Rong Ding, School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China (e-mail: ); Qingsong Wang, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital
| | - Bo Hua
- School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong
| | - Xingzhong Xiong
- School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital
- Correspondence: Ju-Rong Ding, School of Automation and Electronic Information, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China (e-mail: ); Qingsong Wang, Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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29
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Processing of visual information compromises the ability of older adults to control novel fine motor tasks. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:3475-88. [PMID: 26298044 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We performed two experiments to determine whether amplified motor output variability and compromised processing of visual information in older adults impair short-term adaptations when learning novel fine motor tasks. In Experiment 1, 12 young and 12 older adults underwent training to learn how to accurately trace a sinusoidal position target with abduction-adduction of their index finger. They performed 48 trials, which included 8 blocks of 6 trials (the last trial of each block was performed without visual feedback). Afterward, subjects received an interference task (watched a movie) for 60 min. We tested retention by asking subjects to perform the sinusoidal task (5 trials) with and without visual feedback. In Experiment 2, 12 young and 10 older adults traced the same sinusoidal position target with their index finger and ankle at three distinct visual angles (0.25°, 1° and 5.4°). In Experiment 1, the movement error and variability were greater for older adults during the visual feedback trials when compared with young adults. In contrast, during the no-vision trials, age-associated differences in movement error and variability were ameliorated. Short-term adaptations in learning the sinusoidal task were similar for young and older adults. In Experiment 2, lower amount of visual feedback minimized the age-associated differences in movement variability for both the index finger and ankle movements. We demonstrate that although short-term adaptations are similar for young and older adults, older adults do not process visual information as well as young adults and that compromises their ability to control novel fine motor tasks during acquisition, which could influence long-term retention and transfer.
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30
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Arvanitakis Z, Fleischman DA, Arfanakis K, Leurgans SE, Barnes LL, Bennett DA. Association of white matter hyperintensities and gray matter volume with cognition in older individuals without cognitive impairment. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:2135-46. [PMID: 25833685 PMCID: PMC4592368 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and smaller total gray matter volume on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common findings in old age, and contribute to impaired cognition. We tested whether total WMH volume and gray matter volume had independent associations with cognition in community-dwelling individuals without dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used data from participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Brain MRI was available in 209 subjects without dementia or MCI (mean age 80; education = 15 years; 74 % women). WMH and gray matter were automatically segmented, and the total WMH and gray matter volumes were measured. Both MRI-derived measures were normalized by the intracranial volume. Cognitive data included composite measures of five different cognitive domains, based on 19 individual tests. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, and education, were used to examine the relationship of logarithmically-transformed total WMH volume and of total gray matter volume to cognition. Larger total WMH volumes were associated with lower levels of perceptual speed (p < 0.001), but not with episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, or visuospatial abilities (all p > 0.10). Smaller total gray matter volumes were associated with lower levels of perceptual speed (p = 0.013) and episodic memory (p = 0.001), but not with the other three cognitive domains (all p > 0.14). Larger total WMH volume was correlated with smaller total gray matter volume (p < 0.001). In a model with both MRI-derived measures included, the relation of WMH to perceptual speed remained significant (p < 0.001), while gray matter volumes were no longer related (p = 0.14). This study of older community-dwelling individuals without overt cognitive impairment suggests that the association of larger total WMH volume with lower perceptual speed is independent of total gray matter volume. These results help elucidate the pathological processes leading to lower cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
| | - Debra A Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave, Suite 1020, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Lockhart SN, Luck SJ, Geng J, Beckett L, Disbrow EA, Carmichael O, DeCarli C. White matter hyperintensities among older adults are associated with futile increase in frontal activation and functional connectivity during spatial search. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122445. [PMID: 25793922 PMCID: PMC4368687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which aging and other processes can affect the structure and function of brain networks are important to understanding normal age-related cognitive decline. Advancing age is known to be associated with various disease processes, including clinically asymptomatic vascular and inflammation processes that contribute to white matter structural alteration and potential injury. The effects of these processes on the function of distributed cognitive networks, however, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the extent of magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities would be associated with visual attentional control in healthy aging, measured using a functional magnetic resonance imaging search task. We assessed cognitively healthy older adults with search tasks indexing processing speed and attentional control. Expanding upon previous research, older adults demonstrate activation across a frontal-parietal attentional control network. Further, greater white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with increased activation of a frontal network node independent of chronological age. Also consistent with previous research, greater white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with anatomically specific reductions in functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity during search among attentional control regions. White matter hyperintensities may lead to subtle attentional network dysfunction, potentially through impaired frontal-parietal and frontal interhemispheric connectivity, suggesting that clinically silent white matter biomarkers of vascular and inflammatory injury can contribute to differences in search performance and brain function in aging, and likely contribute to advanced age-related impairments in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Lockhart
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven J. Luck
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Joy Geng
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Disbrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Lab, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Zhou Y, Yu F, Duong TQ. White matter lesion load is associated with resting state functional MRI activity and amyloid PET but not FDG in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 41:102-9. [PMID: 24382798 PMCID: PMC4097981 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify and investigate the interactions between multimodal MRI/positron emission tomography (PET) imaging metrics in elderly patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen early AD, 17 MCI patients, and 14 age-matched healthy aging controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were selected based on availability of data. Default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were obtained for resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI). White matter lesion load (WMLL) was quantified from MRI T2-weighted FLAIR images. Amyloid deposition with PET [(18)F]-Florbetapir tracer and metabolism of glucose by means of [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) images were quantified using ratio of standard uptake values (rSUV). RESULTS Whole-brain WMLL and amyloid deposition were significantly higher (P < 0.005) in MCI and AD patients compared with controls. RS-fMRI results showed significantly reduced (corrected P < 0.05) DMN connectivity and altered fALFF activity in both MCI and AD groups. FDG uptake results showed hypometabolism in AD and MCI patients compared with controls. Correlations (P < 0.05) were found between WMLL and amyloid load, FDG uptake and amyloid load, as well as between amyloid load (rSUV) and fALFF. CONCLUSION Our quantitative results of four MRI and PET imaging metrics (fALFF/DMN, WMLL, amyloid, and FDG rSUV values) agree with published values. Significant correlations between MRI metrics, including WMLL/functional activity and PET amyloid load suggest the potential of MRI and PET-based biomarkers for early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhou
- Radiology/Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Radiology, Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology, Radiology, Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Lockhart SN, DeCarli C. Structural imaging measures of brain aging. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:271-89. [PMID: 25146995 PMCID: PMC4163469 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During the course of normal aging, biological changes occur in the brain that are associated with changes in cognitive ability. This review presents data from neuroimaging studies of primarily "normal" or healthy brain aging. As such, we focus on research in unimpaired or nondemented older adults, but also include findings from lifespan studies that include younger and middle aged individuals as well as from populations with prodromal or clinically symptomatic disease such as cerebrovascular or Alzheimer's disease. This review predominantly addresses structural MRI biomarkers, such as volumetric or thickness measures from anatomical images, and measures of white matter injury and integrity respectively from FLAIR or DTI, and includes complementary data from PET and cognitive or clinical testing as appropriate. The findings reveal highly consistent age-related differences in brain structure, particularly frontal lobe and medial temporal regions that are also accompanied by age-related differences in frontal and medial temporal lobe mediated cognitive abilities. Newer findings also suggest that degeneration of specific white matter tracts such as those passing through the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum may also be related to age-related differences in cognitive performance. Interpretation of these findings, however, must be tempered by the fact that comorbid diseases such as cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease also increase in prevalence with advancing age. As such, this review discusses challenges related to interpretation of current theories of cognitive aging in light of the common occurrence of these later-life diseases. Understanding the differences between "Normal" and "Healthy" brain aging and identifying potential modifiable risk factors for brain aging is critical to inform potential treatments to stall or reverse the effects of brain aging and possibly extend cognitive health for our aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Lockhart
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Reduced functional reserve in patients with age-related white matter changes: a preliminary FMRI study of working memory. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103359. [PMID: 25119565 PMCID: PMC4131876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) are a frequent finding in healthy elderly people suggested to cause secondary tissue changes and possibly affecting cognitive processes. We aimed to determine the influence of the extent of ARWMC load on attention and working memory processes in healthy elderly individuals. Fourteen healthy elderly subjects (MMSE >26; age 55–80 years) performed three fMRI tasks with increasing difficulty assessing alertness, attention (0-back), and working memory (2-back). We compared activation patterns in those with only minimal ARWMC (Fazekas 0–1) to those with moderate to severe ARWMC (Fazekas 2–3). During the fMRI experiments, the study population showed activation in brain areas typically involved in attention and working memory with a recruitment of cortical areas with increasing task difficulty. Subjects with higher lesion load showed a higher activation at all task levels with only sparse increase of signal with increasing complexity. In the lower lesion load group, rising task difficulty lead to a significant and widely distributed increase of activation. Although the number of patients included in the study is small, these findings suggest that even clinically silent ARWMC may affect cognitive processing and lead to compensatory activation during cognitive tasks. This can be interpreted as a reduction of functional reserve and may pose a risk for cognitive decline in these patients.
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Ramirez J, McNeely AA, Scott CJ, Stuss DT, Black SE. Subcortical hyperintensity volumetrics in Alzheimer's disease and normal elderly in the Sunnybrook Dementia Study: correlations with atrophy, executive function, mental processing speed, and verbal memory. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:49. [PMID: 25478020 PMCID: PMC4255416 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subcortical hyperintensities (SHs) are radiological entities commonly observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal elderly controls. Although the presence of SH is believed to indicate some form of subcortical vasculopathy, pathological heterogeneity, methodological differences, and the contribution of brain atrophy associated with AD pathology have yielded inconsistent results in the literature. METHODS Using the Lesion Explorer (LE) MRI processing pipeline for SH quantification and brain atrophy, this study examined SH volumes of interest and cognitive function in a sample of patients with AD (n = 265) and normal elderly controls (n = 100) from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with AD were found to have less gray matter, less white matter, and more sulcal and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (all significant, P <0.0001). Additionally, patients with AD had greater volumes of whole-brain SH (P <0.01), periventricular SH (pvSH) (P <0.01), deep white SH (dwSH) (P <0.05), and lacunar lesions (P <0.0001). In patients with AD, regression analyses revealed a significant association between global atrophy and pvSH (P = 0.02) and ventricular atrophy with whole-brain SH (P <0.0001). Regional volumes of interest revealed significant correlations with medial middle frontal SH volume and executive function (P <0.001) in normal controls but not in patients with AD, global pvSH volume and mental processing speed (P <0.01) in patients with AD, and left temporal SH volume and memory (P <0.01) in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS These brain-behavior relationships and correlations with brain atrophy suggest that subtle, yet measurable, signs of small vessel disease may have potential clinical relevance as targets for treatment in Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ramirez
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room A4 21, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada ; Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia A McNeely
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room A4 21, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada ; Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Jm Scott
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room A4 21, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada ; Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald T Stuss
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room A4 21, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada ; Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Meusel LAC, Kansal N, Tchistiakova E, Yuen W, MacIntosh BJ, Greenwood CE, Anderson ND. A systematic review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in imaging studies of cognitive aging: time to establish new norms. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:148. [PMID: 25071557 PMCID: PMC4085499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension in older adults, and the deleterious effect of these conditions on cerebrovascular and brain health, is creating a growing discrepancy between the "typical" cognitive aging trajectory and a "healthy" cognitive aging trajectory. These changing health demographics make T2DM and hypertension important topics of study in their own right, and warrant attention from the perspective of cognitive aging neuroimaging research. Specifically, interpretation of individual or group differences in blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET H2O(15)) signals as reflective of differences in neural activation underlying a cognitive operation of interest requires assumptions of intact vascular health amongst the study participants. Without adequate screening, inclusion of individuals with T2DM or hypertension in "healthy" samples may introduce unwanted variability and bias to brain and/or cognitive measures, and increase potential for error. We conducted a systematic review of the cognitive aging neuroimaging literature to document the extent to which researchers account for these conditions. Of the 232 studies selected for review, few explicitly excluded individuals with T2DM (9%) or hypertension (13%). A large portion had exclusion criteria that made it difficult to determine whether T2DM or hypertension were excluded (44 and 37%), and many did not mention any selection criteria related to T2DM or hypertension (34 and 22%). Of all the surveyed studies, only 29% acknowledged or addressed the potential influence of intersubject vascular variability on the measured BOLD or PET signals. To reinforce the notion that individuals with T2DM and hypertension should not be overlooked as a potential source of bias, we also provide an overview of metabolic and vascular changes associated with T2DM and hypertension, as they relate to cerebrovascular and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha Kansal
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Tchistiakova
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Yuen
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol E Greenwood
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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Glodzik L, Kuceyeski A, Rusinek H, Tsui W, Mosconi L, Li Y, Osorio RS, Williams S, Randall C, Spector N, McHugh P, Murray J, Pirraglia E, Vallabhajosula S, Raj A, de Leon MJ. Reduced glucose uptake and Aβ in brain regions with hyperintensities in connected white matter. Neuroimage 2014; 100:684-691. [PMID: 24999038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial concentration of amyloid beta (Aß) is positively related to synaptic activity in animal experiments. In humans, Aß deposition in Alzheimer's disease overlaps with cortical regions highly active earlier in life. White matter lesions (WML) disrupt connections between gray matter (GM) regions which in turn changes their activation patterns. Here, we tested if WML are related to Aß accumulation (measured with PiB-PET) and glucose uptake (measured with FDG-PET) in connected GM. WML masks from 72 cognitively normal (age 61.7 ± 9.6 years, 71% women) individuals were obtained from T2-FLAIR. MRI and PET images were normalized into common space, segmented and parcellated into gray matter (GM) regions. The effects of WML on connected GM regions were assessed using the Change in Connectivity (ChaCo) score. Defined for each GM region, ChaCo is the percentage of WM tracts connecting to that region that pass through the WML mask. The regional relationship between ChaCo, glucose uptake and Aß was explored via linear regression. Subcortical regions of the bilateral caudate, putamen, calcarine, insula, thalamus and anterior cingulum had WM connections with the most lesions, followed by frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal and cerebellar regions. Regional analysis revealed that GM with more lesions in connecting WM and thus impaired connectivity had lower FDG-PET (r = 0.20, p<0.05 corrected) and lower PiB uptake (r = 0.28, p<0.05 corrected). Regional regression also revealed that both ChaCo (β = 0.045) and FDG-PET (β = 0.089) were significant predictors of PiB. In conclusion, brain regions with more lesions in connecting WM had lower glucose metabolism and lower Aß deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - A Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - H Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - W Tsui
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - L Mosconi
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Y Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - R S Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - S Williams
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - C Randall
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - N Spector
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - P McHugh
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - J Murray
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - E Pirraglia
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - S Vallabhajosula
- Department of Radiology and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - A Raj
- Department of Radiology and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M J de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Chadick JZ, Zanto TP, Gazzaley A. Structural and functional differences in medial prefrontal cortex underlie distractibility and suppression deficits in ageing. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4223. [PMID: 24979364 PMCID: PMC4088291 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults experience deficits in working memory (WM) that are acutely exacerbated by the presence of distracting information. Human neurophysiological studies have revealed that these changes are accompanied by a diminished ability to suppress visual cortical activity associated with task-irrelevant information. Although this is often attributed to deficits in top-down control from a prefrontal cortical source, this has not yet been directly demonstrated. Here we evaluate the neural basis of distraction’s negative impact on WM and the impairment in neural suppression in older adults by performing structural and functional MRIs while older participants engage in tasks that require remembering relevant visual stimuli in the context of overlapping irrelevant stimuli. Analysis supports both an age-related distraction effect and neural suppression deficit, and extends our understanding by revealing an alteration in functional connectivity between visual cortices and a region in the default network, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, within the older population, the magnitude of WM distractibility and neural suppression are both associated with individual differences in cortical volume and activity of the mPFC, as well as its associated white-matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z Chadick
- Department of Neurology, Physiology and Psychiatry, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Theodore P Zanto
- Department of Neurology, Physiology and Psychiatry, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Adam Gazzaley
- Department of Neurology, Physiology and Psychiatry, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Liu ME, Huang CC, Yang AC, Tu PC, Yeh HL, Hong CJ, Liou YJ, Chen JF, Chou KH, Lin CP, Tsai SJ. Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism on the relationship between white matter hyperintensity and cognition in healthy people. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88749. [PMID: 24551149 PMCID: PMC3923794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White matter lesions can be easily observed on T2-weighted MR images, and are termed white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Their presence may be correlated with cognitive impairment; however, the relationship between regional WMH volume and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism in healthy populations remains unclear. Methods We recruited 315 ethnic Chinese adults with a mean age of 54.9±21.8 years (range: 21–89 y) to examine the genetic effect of COMT on regional WMH and the manner in which they interact to affect cognitive function in a healthy adult population. Cognitive tests, structural MRI scans, and genotyping of COMT were conducted for each participant. Results Negative correlations between the Digit Span Forward (DSF) score and frontal WMH volumes (r = −.123, P = .032, uncorrected) were noted. For the genetic effect of COMT, no significant difference in cognitive performance was observed among 3 genotypic groups. However, differences in WMH volumes over the subcortical region (P = .016, uncorrected), whole brain (P = .047, uncorrected), and a trend over the frontal region (P = .050, uncorrected) were observed among 3 COMT genotypic groups. Met homozygotes and Met/Val heterozygotes exhibited larger WMH volumes in these brain regions than the Val homozygotes. Furthermore, a correlation between the DSF and regional WMH volume was observed only in Met homozygotes. The effect size (cohen’s f) revealed a small effect. Conclusions The results indicate that COMT might modulate WMH volumes and the effects of WMH on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Yeh
- Health Care Group, Taipei Veterans Home, New-Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Fan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tao-Yuan Veterans Hospital, Tao-Yuan County, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SJT); (CPL)
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SJT); (CPL)
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Salat DH. Imaging small vessel-associated white matter changes in aging. Neuroscience 2013; 276:174-86. [PMID: 24316059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cerebrovascular structure and function may underlie the most common age-associated cognitive, psychiatric, and neurological conditions presented by older adults. Although much remains to understand, existing research suggests several age-associated detrimental conditions may be mediated through sometimes subtle small vessel-induced damage to the cerebral white matter. Here we review a selected portion of the vast work that demonstrates links between changes in vascular and neural health as a function of advancing age, and how even changes in low-to-moderate risk individuals, potentially beginning early in the adult age-span, may have an important impact on functional status in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Xing Y, Fang F, Zhang X, Hou LL, Zheng ZS, Sheikhali M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic white matter lesions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 18:1061-6. [PMID: 24523797 PMCID: PMC3908527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the cognitive impairment and NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS), and to assess the importance of (1)HMRS in the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic white matter lesions (WMLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 patients (23 males and 22 females) with the ischemic WML were divided into mild WML group (n = 15), moderate WML group (n = 15), and severe WML group (n = 15). A total of 15 healthy controls (8 males and 7 females) with no WML on magnetic resonance imaging were included. (1)HMRS focusing on the frontal lobe white matter around the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted. RESULTS Patients with more severe WML had lower MoCA scores. The NAA/Cr ratio in (1)HMRS was reduced in all the patients and was strongly correlated with the total MoCA scores (r = 0.845, P < 0.001). The Cho/Cr ratio in (1)HMRS was increased in mild and moderate patients, was negatively correlated with the total MoCA scores (r = 0.907, P < 0.001). The Cho/Cr ratio was reduced in the severe patients and was positively correlated with the total MoCA scores (r = 0.937, P < 0.001). In addition, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in (1)HMRS were changed in patients with the mild WML whose total MoCA scores were similar to the controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in (1)HMRS are useful indicators for early diagnosis of ischemic WML and cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic WML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ying Xing, Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, No.126 Xian Tai Avenue, Changchun, 130033, China. E-mail:
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Ling Hou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-shi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mohamed Sheikhali
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
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42
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White matter hyperintensities are associated with visual search behavior independent of generalized slowing in aging. Neuropsychologia 2013; 52:93-101. [PMID: 24183716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental controversy is whether cognitive decline with advancing age can be entirely explained by decreased processing speed, or whether specific neural changes can elicit cognitive decline, independent of slowing. These hypotheses are anchored by studies of healthy older individuals where age is presumed the sole influence. Unfortunately, advancing age is also associated with asymptomatic brain white matter injury. We hypothesized that differences in white matter injury extent, manifest by MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH), mediate differences in visual attentional control in healthy aging, beyond processing speed differences. We tested young and cognitively healthy older adults on search tasks indexing speed and attentional control. Increasing age was associated with generally slowed performance. WMH were also associated with slowed search times independent of processing speed differences. Consistent with evidence attributing reduced network connectivity to WMH, these results conclusively demonstrate that clinically silent white matter injury contributes to slower search performance indicative of compromised cognitive control, independent of generalized slowing of processing speed.
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43
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Aine CJ, Sanfratello L, Adair JC, Knoefel JE, Qualls C, Lundy SL, Caprihan A, Stone D, Stephen JM. Characterization of a normal control group: are they healthy? Neuroimage 2013; 84:796-809. [PMID: 24060318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the health of a control group (18-81years) in our aging study, which is similar to control groups used in other neuroimaging studies. The current study was motivated by our previous results showing that one third of the elder control group had moderate to severe white matter hyperintensities and/or cortical volume loss which correlated with poor performance on memory tasks. Therefore, we predicted that cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, high cholesterol) within the control group would account for significant variance on working memory task performance. Fifty-five participants completed 4 verbal and spatial working memory tasks, neuropsychological exams, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and blood tests to assess vascular risk. In addition to using a repeated measures ANOVA design, a cluster analysis was applied to the vascular risk measures as a data reduction step to characterize relationships between conjoint risk factors. The cluster groupings were used to predict working memory performance. The results show that higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with: 1) poor spatial working memory accuracy; and 2) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in multiple brain regions. In contrast, higher levels of total cholesterol corresponded with increased accuracy in verbal working memory. An association between lower FA values and higher cholesterol levels were identified in different brain regions from those associated with systolic blood pressure. The conjoint risk analysis revealed that Risk Cluster Group 3 (the group with the greatest number of risk factors) displayed: 1) the poorest performance on the spatial working memory tasks; 2) the longest reaction times across both spatial and verbal memory tasks; and 3) the lowest FA values across widespread brain regions. Our results confirm that a considerable range of vascular risk factors are present in a typical control group, even in younger individuals, which have robust effects on brain anatomy and function. These results present a new challenge to neuroimaging studies both for defining a cohort from which to characterize 'normative' brain circuitry and for establishing a control group to compare with other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Aine
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Onushko T, Baweja HS, Christou EA. Practice improves motor control in older adults by increasing the motor unit modulation from 13 to 30 Hz. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:2393-401. [PMID: 23986564 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00345.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Practice of a motor task decreases motor output variability in older adults and is associated with adaptations of discharge activity of single motor units. In this study we were interested in the practice-induced modulation of multiple motor units within 13-30 Hz because theoretically it enhances the timing of active motoneurons. Our purpose, therefore, was to determine the neural adaptation of multiple motor units and related improvements in movement control following practice. Nine healthy older adults (65-85 yr) performed 40 practice trials of a sinusoidal task (0.12 Hz) with their index finger (10° range of motion). Multi-motor unit activity was recorded intramuscularly from the first dorsal interosseus muscle. The mean spike rate (MSR), spike rate variability (CV(ISI)), and frequency modulation (5-60 Hz) of the spike rate were calculated from the multi-motor unit activity and were correlated with movement accuracy and variability of index finger position. A decrease in movement trajectory variability was associated with an increase in MSR (R(2) = 0.58), a decrease in CV(ISI) (R(2) = 0.58), and an increase in total power within a 13- to 30-Hz band (R(2) = 0.48). The increase in total power within a 13- to 30-Hz band was associated significantly (P < 0.005) with an increase in MSR (R(2) = 0.75) and the decrease in CV(ISI) (R(2) = 0.70). We demonstrate that practice-induced improvements in movement control are associated with changes in activity of multiple motor units. These findings suggest that practice-induced improvements in movement steadiness of older adults are associated with changes in the modulation of the motoneuron pool from 13 to 30 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Onushko
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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45
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Barnes J, Carmichael OT, Leung KK, Schwarz C, Ridgway GR, Bartlett JW, Malone IB, Schott JM, Rossor MN, Biessels GJ, DeCarli C, Fox NC. Vascular and Alzheimer's disease markers independently predict brain atrophy rate in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative controls. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1996-2002. [PMID: 23522844 PMCID: PMC3810644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed relationships among white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology markers, and brain volume loss. Subjects included 197 controls, 331 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 146 individuals with AD with serial volumetric 1.5-T MRI. CSF Aβ1-42 (n = 351) and tau (n = 346) were measured. Brain volume change was quantified using the boundary shift integral (BSI). We assessed the association between baseline WMH volume and annualized BSI, adjusting for intracranial volume. We also performed multiple regression analyses in the CSF subset, assessing the relationships of WMH and Aβ1-42 and/or tau with BSI. WMH burden was positively associated with BSI in controls (p = 0.02) but not MCI or AD. In multivariable models, WMH (p = 0.003) and Aβ1-42 (p = 0.001) were independently associated with BSI in controls; in MCI Aβ1-42 (p < 0.001) and tau (p = 0.04) were associated with BSI. There was no evidence of independent effects of WMH or CSF measures on BSI in AD. These data support findings that vascular damage is associated with increased brain atrophy in the context of AD pathology in pre-dementia stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Haight TJ, Landau SM, Carmichael O, Schwarz C, DeCarli C, Jagust WJ. Dissociable effects of Alzheimer disease and white matter hyperintensities on brain metabolism. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1039-45. [PMID: 23779022 PMCID: PMC3779687 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) frequently co-occur and seem to act through different pathways in producing dementia. OBJECTIVE To examine cerebrovascular disease and AD markers in relation to brain glucose metabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study among the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative clinical sites in the United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred three patients having amnestic mild cognitive impairment (74 of whom converted to AD) with serial imaging during a 3-year follow-up period. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quantified white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) represented cerebrovascular disease, and cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid represented AD pathology. Brain glucose metabolism in temporoparietal and frontal brain regions was measured using positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose F18. RESULTS In converters, greater WMHs were associated with decreased frontal metabolism (-0.048; 95% CI, -0.067 to -0.029) but not temporoparietal metabolism (0.010; 95% CI, -0.010 to 0.030). Greater cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid (per 10-pg/mL increase) was associated with increased temporoparietal metabolism (0.005; 95% CI, 0.000-0.010) but not frontal metabolism (0.002; 95% CI, -0.004 to 0.007) in the same patients. In nonconverters, similar relationships were observed except for a positive association of greater WMHs with increased temporoparietal metabolism (0.051; 95% CI, 0.027-0.076). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The dissociation of WMHs and cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid in relation to regional glucose metabolism suggests that these pathologic conditions operate through different and independent pathways in AD that reflect dysfunction in different brain systems. The positive association of greater WMHs with temporoparietal metabolism suggests that these pathologic processes do not co-occur in nonconverters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus J Haight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA.
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Mander BA, Rao V, Lu B, Saletin JM, Ancoli-Israel S, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Impaired prefrontal sleep spindle regulation of hippocampal-dependent learning in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:3301-9. [PMID: 23901074 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark feature of cognitive aging is a decline in the ability to form new memories. Parallel to these cognitive impairments are marked disruptions in sleep physiology. Despite recent evidence in young adults establishing a role for sleep spindles in restoring hippocampal-dependent memory formation, the possibility that disrupted sleep physiology contributes to age-related decline in hippocampal-dependent learning remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that reduced prefrontal sleep spindles by over 40% in older adults statistically mediates the effects of old age on next day episodic learning, such that the degree of impaired episodic learning is explained by the extent of impoverished prefrontal sleep spindles. In addition, prefrontal spindles significantly predicted the magnitude of impaired next day hippocampal activation, thereby determining the influence of spindles on post-sleep learning capacity. These data support the hypothesis that disrupted sleep physiology contributes to age-related cognitive decline in later life, the consequence of which has significant treatment intervention potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brandon Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
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48
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Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by considerable heterogeneity, including varying degrees of dysfunction in specific brain systems, notably a medial temporal lobe memory system and a frontostriatal executive system. These same systems are also affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Recent work using techniques for presymptomatic detection of disease in cognitively normal older people has shown that some of the late life alterations in cognition, neural structure, and function attributed to aging probably reflect early neurodegeneration. However, it has become clear that these same brain systems are also vulnerable to aging in the absence of even subtle disease. Thus, fundamental systemic limitations appear to confer vulnerability of these neural systems to a variety of insults, including those recognized as typical disease and those that are attributed to age. By focusing on the fundamental causes of neural system vulnerability, the prevention or treatment of a wide range of late-life neural dysfunction might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA.
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49
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Kang HJ, Stewart R, Park MS, Bae KY, Kim SW, Kim JM, Shin IS, Cho KH, Yoon JS. White Matter Hyperintensities and Functional Outcomes at 2 Weeks and 1 Year after Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 35:138-45. [DOI: 10.1159/000346604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Great effort has been dedicated to mapping the functional architecture of the brain in health and disease. The neural centers that support cognition and behavior are the "hubs" defining the salient geographic landmarks of the cerebral topography. Similar to urban cartography, however, the functionality of these hubs is critically dependent on the infrastructure permitting the transfer of relevant information from site to site, and this infrastructure is susceptible to deterioration. The groundwork of the brain lies in the form of the complexly organized myelinated nerve fibers responsible for the inter-regional transmission of electrical impulses among distinct neural areas. Damage to the myelin sheath and reduction in the total number of nerve fibers with aging are thought to result in a degradation in the efficiency of communication among neural regions and to contribute to the decline of function in older adults. This article describes selected studies that are relevant to understanding the deterioration in structural connectivity of the aging brain with a focus on potential consequences to functional network activity. First, the neural substrates of connectivity and techniques used in the study of connectivity are described with a focus on neuroimaging methodologies. This is followed with discussion of the negative effects of age on connective integrity, and the possible mechanisms and neural and cognitive consequences of this progressive disconnection. Given the potential for natural repair of certain elements of the connective network, understanding the basis of age-associated decline in connectivity could have important implications with regard to the amelioration of neural dysfunction and the restoration of the infrastructure necessary for optimal function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Salat
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
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