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Chávez DV, Palacios D, Laninga-Wijnen L, Salmivalli C, Garandeau CF, Berger C, Luengo Kanacri BP. Do Adolescents Adopt the Prosocial Behaviors of the Classmates They Like? A Social Network Analysis on Prosocial Contagion. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02037-z. [PMID: 38963579 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
While the influence of high-status peers on maladaptive behaviors is well-documented, socialization processes of prosocial behavior through high-status peers remain understudied. This study examined whether adolescents' prosocial behavior was influenced by the prosocial behavior of the peers they liked and whether this effect was stronger when the peers they liked were also well-liked by their classmates. Three waves of data, six months apart, were collected among Chilean early adolescents who completed peer nominations and ratings at Time 1 (n = 294, Mage = 13.29, SD = 0.62; 55.1% male), Time 2 (n = 282), and Time 3 (n = 275). Longitudinal social network analyses showed that adolescents adopted the prosocial behavior of the classmates they liked - especially if these classmates were well-liked by peers in general. In addition, adolescents low in likeability were more susceptible to this influence than adolescents high in likeability. The influence resulted both in increases and - especially - decreases in prosocial behavior, depending on the level of prosociality of the liked peer. Findings suggest that likeability represents an important aspect of peer status that may be crucial for understanding the significance of peer influence with respect to prosocial behaviors during adolescence. Pre-Registration: https://osf.io/u4pxm .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Chávez
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- INVEST Research Flagship/Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Diego Palacios
- Society and Health Research Center (CISS), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Claire F Garandeau
- INVEST Research Flagship/Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Berger
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Hong YJ, Kim HE, Kyeong S, Kim EJ, Kim JJ. Influence of first-person and third-person perspectives on neural mechanisms of professional pride. Soc Neurosci 2024; 19:14-24. [PMID: 38356301 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2315821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Professional pride, including self-reflection and attitude toward one's own occupational group, induces individuals to behave in socially appropriate ways, and uniforms can encourage wearers to have this pride. This study was to elucidate the working pattern of professional pride by exploring neural responses when wearing uniforms and being conscious of a third-person's perspective. Twenty healthy adults who had an occupation requiring uniforms were scanned using functional MRI with a self-evaluation task consisting of 2 [uniform versus casual wear] × 2 [first-person perspective versus third-person perspective] conditions. The neural effects of clothing and perspective were analyzed and post-hoc tests were followed. The interaction effect was displayed in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, where uniform led to higher activity in third-person perspective than in first-person perspective, whereas casual wear led to the opposite pattern, suggesting this region may be involved in the awareness of third-person's perspective to uniform-wearing. The right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex showed functional connectivity with the right posterior superior temporal sulcus in uniform-third-person perspective compared to uniform-first-person perspective, suggesting this connection may work for processing information from third-person perspective in a uniform-wearing state. Professional pride may prioritize social information processing in third-person perspective rather than self-referential processing in first-person perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Hong
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyon Kyeong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Graduate School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li M, Zhong B, Li J, Li J, Zhang X, Luo X, Li H. The influence of self-esteem on interpersonal and competence evaluations: electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae017. [PMID: 38306660 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Using event-related potentials, this study examined how self-esteem affects neural responses to competence (interpersonal) feedback when the need for relatedness (competence) is thwarted or met. Participants with low and high self-esteem acted as advisors who selected one of two options for a putative advisee. Subsequently, they passively observed the advisee, accepted, or rejected their advice (i.e. interpersonal feedback) and received correct or incorrect outcomes (i.e. competence feedback). When interpersonal feedback was followed by competence feedback, high self-esteem participants showed a smaller P3 following incorrect than correct outcomes, irrespective of whether the advice had been accepted or rejected. However, low self-esteem participants showed this P3 effect only when the advice was rejected, and the P3 difference disappeared when the advice was accepted. When competence feedback was followed by interpersonal feedback, both low self-esteem and high self-esteem individuals showed a larger P2 for rejection than for acceptance and a larger late potential component for incorrect than correct outcomes. These findings suggest that when interpersonal feedback is followed by competence feedback, low self-esteem and high self-esteem individuals have a desire for self-positivity. When competence feedback is followed by interpersonal feedback, they may have motives for self-change. Our findings shed light on the motivational mechanisms for self-esteem and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Road, TianHe Dist., Guangzhou 510631, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 80 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 80 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xukai Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Road, TianHe Dist., Guangzhou 510631, China
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
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4
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Okeke O, Elbasheir A, Carter SE, Powers A, Mekawi Y, Gillespie CF, Schwartz AC, Bradley B, Fani N. Indirect Effects of Racial Discrimination on Health Outcomes Through Prefrontal Cortical White Matter Integrity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:741-749. [PMID: 35597432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial discrimination is consistently associated with adverse health outcomes and has been linked to structural decrements in brain white matter. However, it is unclear whether discrimination-related neuroplastic changes could indirectly affect health outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate indirect associations of racial discrimination on health outcomes through white matter microstructure in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women. METHODS A trauma study in an urban hospital setting recruited 79 Black women who received a history and physical examination to assess medical disorders (compiled into a summed total of disorder types). Participants reported on experiences of racial discrimination and underwent diffusion tensor imaging; fractional anisotropy values were extracted from white matter pathways previously linked to racial discrimination (corpus callosum, including the body and genu; anterior cingulum bundle; and superior longitudinal fasciculus) and entered into mediational models. RESULTS Indirect effects of racial discrimination on medical disorders through left anterior cingulum bundle fractional anisotropy were significant (β = 0.07, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.003, 0.14]) after accounting for trauma and economic disadvantage. Indirect effects of racial discrimination on medical disorders through corpus callosum genu fractional anisotropy were also significant (β = 0.08, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.16]). CONCLUSIONS Racial discrimination may increase risk for medical disorders via neuroplastic effects on microstructural integrity of stress-sensitive prefrontal white matter tracts. Racial discrimination-related changes in these tracts may affect health behaviors, which, in turn, influence vulnerability for medical disorders. These data highlight the connections between racial discrimination, prefrontal white matter connections, and incidence of medical disorders in Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyebuchi Okeke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aziz Elbasheir
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sierra E Carter
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Charles F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann C Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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5
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Rodman AM, Powers KE, Kastman EK, Kabotyanski KE, Stark AM, Mair P, Somerville LH. Physical Effort Exertion for Peer Feedback Reveals Evolving Social Motivations From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:60-74. [PMID: 36283029 PMCID: PMC9982232 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer relationships and social belonging are particularly important during adolescence. Using a willingness-to-work paradigm to quantify incentive motivation, we examined whether evaluative information holds unique value for adolescents. Participants (N = 102; 12-23 years old) rated peers, predicted how peers rated them, and exerted physical effort to view each peer's rating. We measured grip force, speed, and opt-out behavior to examine the motivational value of peer feedback, relative to money in a control condition, and to assess how peer desirability and participants' expectations modulated motivated effort across age. Overall, when compared with adolescents, adults were relatively less motivated for feedback than money. Whereas adults exerted less force and speed for feedback when expecting rejection, adolescents exerted greater force and speed when expecting to be more strongly liked or disliked. These findings suggest that the transition into adulthood is accompanied by a self-protective focus, whereas adolescents are motivated to consume highly informative feedback, even if negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik K. Kastman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | | | - Abigail M. Stark
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Leah H. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
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6
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Do KT, McCormick EM, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Intrinsic connectivity within the affective salience network moderates adolescent susceptibility to negative and positive peer norms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17463. [PMID: 36261429 PMCID: PMC9582022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all adolescents are equally susceptible to peer influence, and for some, peer influence exerts positive rather than negative effects. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study examined how intrinsic functional connectivity networks associated with processing social cognitive and affective stimuli predict adolescents' (n = 87, ages 11-14 years) prosocial tendencies and risky behaviors in the context of positive and negative peer norms. We tested the moderating role of four candidate intrinsic brain networks-associated with mentalizing, cognitive control, motivational relevance, and affective salience-in peer influence susceptibility. Only intrinsic connectivity within the affective salience network significantly moderated the association between peer norms and adolescent behavior above and beyond the other networks. Adolescents with high intrinsic connectivity within the affective salience network reported greater prosocial tendencies in contexts with more positive peer norms but greater risk-taking behavior in contexts with more negative peer norms. In contrast, peer norms were not associated with adolescent behavior for individuals with low affective salience within-network intrinsic connectivity. The mentalizing network, cognitive control network, and motivational relevance network were not associated with individual differences in peer influence susceptibility. This study identifies key neural mechanisms underlying differential susceptibility to positive and negative peer influence in early adolescence, with a particular emphasis on the role of affective salience over traditional mentalizing, regulatory, and motivational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T. Do
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Ethan M. McCormick
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Kristen A. Lindquist
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270 USA
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7
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He Z, Ao X, Muhlert N, Elliott R, Zhang D. Neural substrates of expectancy violation associated with social feedback in individuals with subthreshold depression. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2043-2051. [PMID: 33109293 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal processing of social feedback is an important contributor to social dysfunction in depression, however the exact mechanisms remain unclear. One important factor may be the extent to which social processing depends on expectations, in particular whether social feedback confirms or violates expectations. METHODS To answer this question, we studied behavioral and brain responses during the evaluative processing of social feedback in 25 individuals with subthreshold depression (SD) and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Participants completed a Social Judgment Task in which they first indicated expectation about whether a peer would like them or not, and then received peer's feedback indicating acceptance or rejection. RESULTS Individuals with SD who reported greater depressive symptoms gave fewer positive expectations. Compared to HCs, individuals with SD showed reduced activation in the medial prefrontal cortex when expecting positive feedback. They also exhibited increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex after receipt of unexpected social rejection, and reduced ventral striatum activity after receipt of unexpected social acceptance. CONCLUSIONS The observed alternations are specific to unexpected social feedback processing and highlight an important role of expectancy violation in the brain dysfunction of social feedback perception and evaluation in individuals at risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong He
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nils Muhlert
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, China
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8
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Hill KR, Hsu DT, Taylor SF, Ogden RT, DeLorenzo C, Parsey RV. Rejection sensitivity and mu opioid receptor dynamics associated with mood alterations in response to social feedback. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111505. [PMID: 35688046 PMCID: PMC9338686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the heightened expectation or perception of social rejection and is a feature of many psychiatric disorders. As endogenous opioid pathways have been implicated in response to social rejection and reward, we hypothesize that RS will be negatively associated with mu opioid receptor (MOR) baseline binding and activity during rejection and acceptance stimuli. In exploratory analyses, we assessed the relationships between MOR activity and changes in mood and self-esteem before and after stimuli. Healthy participants, N = 75 (52% female), completed rejection and acceptance tasks during [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) scans. MOR activity in the amygdala, midline thalamus, anterior insula, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) was evaluated. RS was not related to MOR baseline binding potential or activity during acceptance or rejection tasks in any region. Increased MOR activity in the NAc was associated with increase in ratings of self-esteem and positive mood during the period between acceptance task administration and approximately 5 min after the task completion. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid response to social rejection is independent of RS in healthy individuals. MOR activity in the NAc was associated with increase self-esteem and positive mood after experiencing social feedback, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States.
| | - David T Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
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Xiao Y, Alkire D, Moraczewski D, Redcay E. Developmental differences in brain functional connectivity during social interaction in middle childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101079. [PMID: 35134689 PMCID: PMC9019834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by significant changes in peer interactions. However, limited research has examined the brain systems (e.g., mentalizing and reward networks) involved in direct peer interaction, particularly during childhood and early adolescence. Here, we analyzed fMRI data from 50 children aged 8–12 years while they participated in a task in which they chatted with a peer (Peer) or answered questions about a story character (Character). Using a beta-series correlation analysis, we investigated how social interaction modulates functional connectivity within and between mentalizing and reward networks and whether this modulation changes with age. We observed effects of social interaction on functional connectivity were modulated by age within the mentalizing and reward networks. Further, greater connectivity within and between these networks during social interaction was related to faster reaction time to the Peer versus Character condition. Similar effects were found in the salience and mirror neuron networks. These findings provide insights into age-related differences in how the brain supports social interaction, and thus have the potential to advance our understanding of core social difficulties in social-communicative disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. We examined brain functional connectivity in a social-interactive context. The effect of social partner on mentalizing and reward networks was modulated by age. Connectivity within and between these networks is related to behavioral performance. These effects are also found in salience and mirror neuron networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Xiao
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Diana Alkire
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dustin Moraczewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Data Science and Sharing Team, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Redcay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Modulating Social Feedback Processing by Deep TMS Targeting the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Manifestations. Neuroimage 2022; 250:118967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Lesnick J, Mendle J. Rejection sensitivity and negative urgency: A proposed framework of intersecting risk for peer stress. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Kandlur R, Esposito EC, Liu RT. Thwarted Belongingness Mediates Interpersonal Stress and Suicidal Thoughts: An Intensive Longitudinal Study with High-risk Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 51:295-311. [PMID: 34570668 PMCID: PMC8957618 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpersonal negative life events (NLEs) have been linked to risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, little is known about how this risk is conferred over the short term and the mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicide risk, particularly in adolescents. This study used an intensive longitudinal design to examine thwarted belongingness with family and friends as potential mechanisms linking interpersonal NLEs to suicidal thoughts. METHOD Forty-eight adolescents (Mage = 14.96 years; 64.6% female, 77.1% White), who recently received acute psychiatric care for suicide risk, were followed intensely for 28 days after discharge. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment was used to measure presence of interpersonal NLEs at the day level, fluctuations in thwarted belongingness with family and friends (separately) within day, and fluctuations in suicidal thoughts within day. A multi-level structural equation model was utilized to examine family thwarted belongingness and friend thwarted belongingness as parallel mediators in the relationship between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Significant direct effects were observed between interpersonal NLEs and family thwarted belongingness, family thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts, and friend thwarted belongingness and suicidal thoughts. In addition, family, but not friend, thwarted belongingness significantly mediated the association between interpersonal NLEs and next-day suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal NLEs predicted greater suicidal thoughts over the short term (next day) in high-risk adolescents. Findings suggest how interpersonal NLEs may confer risk for suicidal thoughts - by reducing feelings of family belongingness. Future research is needed to examine how modifying belongingness may reduce suicide risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University.,Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | - Richard T Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
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13
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Fowler CH, Lin LC, Rudolph KD, Telzer EH. Like me Back: Neural Correlates of Low Perceived Relational Value in Peer Victimized Youth. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:435-450. [PMID: 33754422 PMCID: PMC8344568 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perceived relational value describes the extent to which individuals consider themselves to be liked and valued. Given the salience of peer opinions in adolescence, perceived relational value is an important part of adolescents' developing self-concept. Here, we examined the neural correlates of youth's perceptions of their relational value in two independent samples (N = 33, Mage = 13.71, SD = 2.71; N = 26, Mage = 15.43, SD = 0.33). In both studies, peer victimization was associated with lower perceived relational value behaviorally and with altered frontostriatal connectivity when perceiving low relational value during fMRI. Our results suggest that peer victimization may lead youth to become biased about how they will be perceived socially and may disrupt connectivity between brain regions involved in responding to appetitive social stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina H. Fowler
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 417 Chapel Dr, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lynda C. Lin
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Karen D. Rudolph
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 235 E Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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14
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Gu R, Ao X, Mo L, Zhang D. Neural correlates of negative expectancy and impaired social feedback processing in social anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:285-291. [PMID: 32232371 PMCID: PMC7236026 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety has been associated with abnormalities in cognitive processing in the literature, manifesting as various cognitive biases. To what extent these biases interrupt social interactions remains largely unclear. This study used the Social Judgment Paradigm that could separate the expectation and experience stages of social feedback processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in these two stages were recorded to detect the effect of social anxiety that might not be reflected by behavioral data. Participants were divided into two groups according to their social anxiety level. Participants in the high social anxiety (HSA) group were more likely to predict that they would be socially rejected by peers than did their low social anxiety (LSA) counterparts (i.e. the control group). Compared to the ERP data of the LSA group, the HSA group showed: (a) a larger P1 component to social cues (peer faces) prior to social feedback presentation, possibly indicating an attention bias; (b) a difference in feedback-related negativity amplitude between unexpected social acceptance and unexpected social rejection, possibly indicating an expectancy bias; and (c) a diminished sensitivity of the P3 amplitude to social feedback valence (be accepted/be rejected), possibly indicating an experience bias. These results could help understand the cognitive mechanisms that comprise and maintain social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518060, China
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15
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Deep learning identifies partially overlapping subnetworks in the human social brain. Commun Biol 2021; 4:65. [PMID: 33446815 PMCID: PMC7809473 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex social interplay is a defining property of the human species. In social neuroscience, many experiments have sought to first define and then locate ‘perspective taking’, ‘empathy’, and other psychological concepts to specific brain circuits. Seldom, bottom-up studies were conducted to first identify explanatory patterns of brain variation, which are then related to psychological concepts; perhaps due to a lack of large population datasets. In this spirit, we performed a systematic de-construction of social brain morphology into its elementary building blocks, involving ~10,000 UK Biobank participants. We explored coherent representations of structural co-variation at population scale within a recent social brain atlas, by translating autoencoder neural networks from deep learning. The learned subnetworks revealed essential patterns of structural relationships between social brain regions, with the nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and temporoparietal junction embedded at the core. Some of the uncovered subnetworks contributed to predicting examined social traits in general, while other subnetworks helped predict specific facets of social functioning, such as the experience of social isolation. As a consequence of our population-level evidence, spatially overlapping subsystems of the social brain probably relate to interindividual differences in everyday social life. Kiesow et al. use deep learning to identify partially overlapping subnetworks in the human social brain at the population level. They also demonstrate that the learned subnetwork representations can be used to predict social traits.
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16
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Ito A, Yoshida K, Takeda K, Sawamura D, Murakami Y, Hasegawa A, Sakai S, Izuma K. The role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in automatic formation of impression and reflected impression. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3045-3058. [PMID: 32301546 PMCID: PMC7336154 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity reflects how much an individual positively views each person (impression). Here, we investigated whether the degree to which individuals think others positively view them (reflected impression) is similarly tracked by activity in the vmPFC by using fMRI and speed-dating events. We also examined whether activity of the vmPFC in response to the faces of others would predict the impression formed through direct interactions with them. The task consisted of three sessions: pre-speed-dating fMRI, speed-dating events, and post-speed-dating fMRI (not reported here). During the pre-speed-dating fMRI, each participant passively viewed the faces of others whom they would meet in the subsequent speed-dating events. After the fMRI, they rated the impression and reflected impression of each face. During the speed-dating events, the participants had 3-min conversations with partners whose faces were presented during the fMRI task, and they were asked to choose the partners whom they preferred at the end of the events. The results revealed that the value of both the impression and reflected impression were automatically represented in the vmPFC. However, the impression fully mediated the link between the reflected impression and vmPFC activity. These results highlight a close link between reflected appraisal and impression formation and provide important insights into neural and psychological models of how the reflected impression is formed in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayahito Ito
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Yui Murakami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keise Izuma
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
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17
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Kim H. Stability or Plasticity? - A Hierarchical Allostatic Regulation Model of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Function for Social Valuation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32296303 PMCID: PMC7138052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has long been recognized as the key component of the neurocircuitry involved in various social as well as non-social behaviors, however, little is known regarding the organizing principle of distinctive subregions in the mPFC that integrates a wide range of mPFC functions. The present study proposes a hierarchical model of mPFC functionality, where three functionally dissociable subregions, namely, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostromedial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), are differentially involved in computing values of decision-making. According to this model, the mPFC subregions interact with each other in such a way that more dorsal regions utilize additional external sensory information from environment to predict and prevent conflicts occurring in more ventral regions tuned to internal bodily signals, thereby exerting the hierarchically organized allostatic regulatory control over homeostatic reflexes. This model also emphasizes the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in arbitrating the transitions between different thalamo-cortical loops, detecting conflicts between competing options for decision-making, and in shifting flexibly between decision modes. The hierarchical architecture of the mPFC working in conjunction with the TRN may play a key role in adjusting the internal (bodily) needs to suit the constraints of external (environmental) variables better, thus effectively addressing the stability-plasticity dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hackjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Will GJ, Moutoussis M, Womack PM, Bullmore ET, Goodyer IM, Fonagy P, Jones PB, Rutledge RB, Dolan RJ. Neurocomputational mechanisms underpinning aberrant social learning in young adults with low self-esteem. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:96. [PMID: 32184384 PMCID: PMC7078312 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low self-esteem is a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. From a cognitive perspective a negative self-image can be maintained through aberrant learning about self-worth derived from social feedback. We previously showed that neural teaching signals that represent the difference between expected and actual social feedback (i.e., social prediction errors) drive fluctuations in self-worth. Here, we used model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize learning from social prediction errors in 61 participants drawn from a population-based sample (n = 2402) who were recruited on the basis of being in the bottom or top 10% of self-esteem scores. Participants performed a social evaluation task during fMRI scanning, which entailed predicting whether other people liked them as well as the repeated provision of reported feelings of self-worth. Computational modeling results showed that low self-esteem participants had persistent expectations that others would dislike them, and a reduced propensity to update these expectations in response to social prediction errors. Low self-esteem subjects also displayed an enhanced volatility in reported feelings of self-worth, and this was linked to an increased tendency for social prediction errors to determine momentary self-worth. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that individual differences in self-esteem related to several interconnected psychiatric symptoms organized around a single dimension of interpersonal vulnerability. Such interpersonal vulnerability was associated with an attenuated social value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex when making predictions about being liked, and enhanced dorsal prefrontal cortex activity upon receipt of social feedback. We suggest these computational signatures of low self-esteem and their associated neural underpinnings might represent vulnerability for development of psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Will
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK. .,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Palee M. Womack
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robb B. Rutledge
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond J. Dolan
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Fairley K, Vyrastekova J, Weitzel U, Sanfey AG. Subjective Beliefs About Trust and Reciprocity Activate an Expected Reward Signal in the Ventral Striatum. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:660. [PMID: 31293378 PMCID: PMC6606776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that the evaluation of both reward decisions and their associated outcomes are closely linked with bilateral activation of the ventral striatum, with these insights stemming from tasks such as the monetary incentive delay task for lotteries and multiround Trust Games for social settings. The essential element in these tasks is an externally provided cue associated with specific gains/trustworthy partners and losses/non-trustworthy partners. However, in reality people typically use their own beliefs to guide their decision-making and assess the likelihood of positive or and negative outcomes. As when participants assess the relationship between cues and rewards, individuals should anticipate rewards in correspondence to their beliefs, i.e., the higher the belief of obtaining a reward in the future, the higher the anticipation of reward. In this study, we use decision-makers’ own, naturally occurring, beliefs about both social and non-social contexts to examine the subsequent outcome of their choices. We hypothesize that mechanisms of belief-mediated reward processing are mediated by neural activation in the ventral striatum. An essential feature of our design is the elicitation of individuals’ beliefs prior to the decision-making task itself. Furthermore, our incentivized, non-deceptive, decision-making task distinguishes between social – implemented by a Trust Game – and non-social sources, as well as risk and ambiguity as underlying types of uncertainty. Our main result shows that individual beliefs regarding reciprocity likelihoods in both the Trust Game and the lottery influence the amount invested. Subsequently, only the investment amount in the Trust Game parametrically modulates anticipatory reward and outcome evaluation in the ventral striatum. This study demonstrates a first approach at using participants’ subjective sets of beliefs to examine reward processing. We discuss its potential promise, outline some limitations, and propose follow-up studies to extend the current approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fairley
- Institute of Tax Law and Economics, Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jana Vyrastekova
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Utz Weitzel
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, Department of Economics, Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alan G Sanfey
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Thompson K, King K, Nahmias E, Fani N, Kvaran T, Tone EB, Turner JA. Social Feedback Modulates Neural Response Associated With Cognitive Bias in Individuals Expressing Anxious Symptoms. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019848648. [PMID: 31328176 PMCID: PMC6641571 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019848648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes and consequences before, during, and after interpersonal interactions with social partners. Recent evidence suggests that a network of brain regions critical for perspective-taking, threat appraisal, and uncertainty resolution may function atypically in those prone to social anxiety. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural activity in specific regions of interest in a sample of young adults who endorsed high or low levels of social anxiety. METHODS We recruited 31 college student volunteers (age: 18-28 years), categorized as having high or low anxiety based on their Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self Report scores. These participants were each scanned while playing the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game with three computerized confederates, two of whom they were deceived to believe were human co-players. This study focuses on data collected during play with the presumed humans. Regions of interest were defined for the temporoparietal junction, anterior midcingulate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Average weighted mean blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals for each subject were extracted and analyzed using mixed design analyses of variance to detect group differences in activation during decision-making, anticipation, and appraisal of round outcomes during the game. RESULTS Behavior analysis revealed that the high-anxiety group was more likely to defect than the low-anxiety group. Neuroimaging analysis showed that the high-anxiety group exhibited elevated blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity relative to the low-anxiety group in all three regions during the social feedback appraisal phase but not during decision-making or the anticipation of interaction outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that some behaviors linked to cognitive biases associated with social anxiety may be mediated by a network of regions involved in recognizing and processing directed social information. Future investigation of the neural basis of cognition and bias in social anxiety using the prisoner's dilemma and other economic-exchange tasks is warranted. These tasks appear to be highly effective, functional magnetic resonance imaging-compatible methods of probing altered cognition and behavior associated with anxiety and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kendrick King
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eddy Nahmias
- Department of Philosophy, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Trevor Kvaran
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin B. Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Kiat JE, Cheadle JE, Goosby BJ. The impact of social exclusion on anticipatory attentional processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 123:48-57. [PMID: 29154954 PMCID: PMC10859167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of understanding how we anticipate and prepare for social rejection is underscored by the mental and physical toll of continual social vigilance. In this study, we investigate the impact of social rejection on anticipatory attentional processes using the well-known Cyberball task, a paradigm in which participants engage in a game of catch with virtual avatars who after an initial period of fair-play (inclusion condition) then exclude the participant from the game (exclusion condition). The degree of anticipatory attention allocated by subjects towards the avatars was assessed by measuring P3b responses towards the avatars' preparatory actions (i.e. the phase preceding their exclusionary actions) using high density EEG. The results of the study show that relative to the inclusion, participants exhibit elevated levels of anticipatory attentional allocation towards the avatars during the exclusion block. This shift was however significantly moderated by participants' self-reported cognitive regulation tendencies. Participants with higher levels of self-reported cognitive reappraisal tendencies showed larger anticipatory P3b increases from the inclusion to exclusion block relative to participants with reduced levels of reappraisal tendencies. These results highlight the impact of social exclusion on anticipatory neural processing and the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal on these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Kiat
- 238 Burnett Hall, Department of Psychology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA.
| | - Jacob E Cheadle
- 737 Oldfather Hall, Department of Sociology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA
| | - Bridget J Goosby
- 741 Oldfather Hall, Department of Sociology, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA
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22
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Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13158-13163. [PMID: 29180428 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712398114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened attunement to social evaluation. While adults have been shown to enact self-protective processes to buffer their self-views from evaluative threats like peer rejection, it is unclear whether adolescents avail themselves of the same defenses. The present study examines how social evaluation shapes views of the self and others differently across development. N = 107 participants ages 10-23 completed a reciprocal social evaluation task that involved predicting and receiving peer acceptance and rejection feedback, along with assessments of self-views and likability ratings of peers. Here, we show that, despite equivalent experiences of social evaluation, adolescents internalized peer rejection, experiencing a feedback-induced drop in self-views, whereas adults externalized peer rejection, reporting a task-induced boost in self-views and deprecating the peers who rejected them. The results identify codeveloping processes underlying why peer rejection may lead to more dramatic alterations in self-views during adolescence than other phases of the lifespan.
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23
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Will GJ, Rutledge RB, Moutoussis M, Dolan RJ. Neural and computational processes underlying dynamic changes in self-esteem. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29061228 PMCID: PMC5655144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-esteem is shaped by the appraisals we receive from others. Here, we characterize neural and computational mechanisms underlying this form of social influence. We introduce a computational model that captures fluctuations in self-esteem engendered by prediction errors that quantify the difference between expected and received social feedback. Using functional MRI, we show these social prediction errors correlate with activity in ventral striatum/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, while updates in self-esteem resulting from these errors co-varied with activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). We linked computational parameters to psychiatric symptoms using canonical correlation analysis to identify an 'interpersonal vulnerability' dimension. Vulnerability modulated the expression of prediction error responses in anterior insula and insula-vmPFC connectivity during self-esteem updates. Our findings indicate that updating of self-evaluative beliefs relies on learning mechanisms akin to those used in learning about others. Enhanced insula-vmPFC connectivity during updating of those beliefs may represent a marker for psychiatric vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Will
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robb B Rutledge
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Sun J, Zhuang K, Li H, Wei D, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Perceiving rejection by others: Relationship between rejection sensitivity and the spontaneous neuronal activity of the brain. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:429-438. [PMID: 28592189 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1340335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS) can be defined as the disposition of a person to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. Individuals with high RS are likely to suffer from mental disorders. The association between individual differences in RS and spontaneous neuronal activity at resting state has not yet been investigated. In this study, resting state data were used to investigate the relationship between RS and spontaneous neuronal activity in a large sample of healthy men (137) and women (172). The participants completed the rejection sensitivity questionnaire and underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scan. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and rejection sensitivity scores adjusted for age and sex. Results showed that the ALFF value in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) was positively associated with RS. Furthermore, functional connectivity with the middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with RS when sgACC was used as the seed region. These findings suggest that the spontaneous neuronal activity of sgACC and its functional connectivity with the lateral prefrontal cortex which are involved in experiencing social exclusion and regulating negative emotions are associated with individual differences in RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) , Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China.,b Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- a Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) , Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China.,b Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Haijiang Li
- c Department of Psychology , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- a Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) , Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China.,b Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) , Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China.,b Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- a Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) , Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China.,b Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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25
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Zhang S, Hu S, Chao HH, Li CSR. Hemispheric lateralization of resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral striatum: an exploratory study. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2573-2583. [PMID: 28110447 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is widely used to examine cerebral functional organization. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical to motivated behavior, with extant studies suggesting functional hemispheric asymmetry. The current work investigated differences in rsFC between the left (L) and right (R) VS and explored gender differences in the extent of functional lateralization. In 106 adults, we computed a laterality index (fcLI) to query whether a target region shows greater or less connectivity to the L vs R VS. A total of 45 target regions with hemispheric masks were examined from the Automated Anatomic Labeling atlas. One-sample t test was performed to explore significant laterality in the whole sample and in men and women separately. Two-sample t test was performed to examine gender differences in fcLI. At a corrected threshold (p < 0.05/45 = 0.0011), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) showed L lateralization and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) showed R lateralization in VS connectivity. Except for the pCC, these findings were replicated in a different data set (n = 97) from the Human Connectome Project. Furthermore, the fcLI of VS-pCC was negatively correlated with a novelty seeking trait in women but not in men. Together, the findings may suggest a more important role of the L VS in linking saliency response to self control and other internally directed processes. Right lateralization of VS connectivity to the SMG and IPS may support attention and action directed to external behavioral contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Schriber RA, Guyer AE. Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:1-18. [PMID: 26773514 PMCID: PMC4912893 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been characterized as a period of heightened sensitivity to social contexts. However, adolescents vary in how their social contexts affect them. According to neurobiological susceptibility models, endogenous, biological factors confer some individuals, relative to others, with greater susceptibility to environmental influences, whereby more susceptible individuals fare the best or worst of all individuals, depending on the environment encountered (e.g., high vs. low parental warmth). Until recently, research guided by these theoretical frameworks has not incorporated direct measures of brain structure or function to index this sensitivity. Drawing on prevailing models of adolescent neurodevelopment and a growing number of neuroimaging studies on the interrelations among social contexts, the brain, and developmental outcomes, we review research that supports the idea of adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context for understanding why and how adolescents differ in development and well-being. We propose that adolescent development is shaped by brain-based individual differences in sensitivity to social contexts - be they positive or negative - such as those created through relationships with parents/caregivers and peers. Ultimately, we recommend that future research measure brain function and structure to operationalize susceptibility factors that moderate the influence of social contexts on developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Schriber
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California, United States; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
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Kawamichi H, Sugawara SK, Hamano YH, Makita K, Kochiyama T, Sadato N. Increased frequency of social interaction is associated with enjoyment enhancement and reward system activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24561. [PMID: 27090501 PMCID: PMC4835785 DOI: 10.1038/srep24561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive social interactions contribute to the sense that one's life has meaning. Enjoyment of feelings associated through social interaction motivates humans to build social connections according to their personal preferences. Therefore, we hypothesized that social interaction itself activates the reward system in a manner that depends upon individual interaction preferences. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which 38 participants played a virtual ball-toss game in which the number of ball tosses to the participant was either similar to (normal-frequency condition) or higher than (high-frequency condition) the number of tosses to the other players. Participants reported greater-than-anticipated enjoyment during the high-frequency condition, suggesting that receiving a social reward led to unexpected positive feelings. Consistent with this, the high-frequency condition produced stronger activation in the ventral striatum, which is part of the reward system, and the precuneus, representing positive self-image, which might be translated to social reward. Furthermore, ventral striatal activation covaried with individual participants' preference for interactions with others. These findings suggest that an elevated frequency of social interaction is represented as a social reward, which might motivate individuals to promote social interaction in a manner that is modulated by personal preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kawamichi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 116-8551 Japan.,Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Sho K Sugawara
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yuki H Hamano
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0015 Japan
| | - Kai Makita
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | | | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0015 Japan
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Regional gray matter volume is associated with rejection sensitivity: a voxel-based morphometry study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 14:1077-85. [PMID: 24464638 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rejection sensitivity (RS) can be defined as the disposition that one tends to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. High-RS individuals are more likely to suffer mental disorders. Previous studies have investigated brain activity during social rejection using different kinds of rejection paradigms and have provided neural evidence of individual differences in response to rejection cues, but the association between individual differences in RS and brain structure has never been investigated. In this study, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) and RS in a large healthy sample of 150 men and 188 women. The participants completed the RS Questionnaire and underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan. Multiple regression was used to analyze the correlation between regional GMV and RS scores, adjusting for age, sex, and total brain GMV. These results showed that GMV in the region of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus was negatively associated with RS, and GMV in the region of the inferior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with RS. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in RS and GMV in brain regions that are primarily related to social cognition.
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Foulkes L, McCrory EJ, Neumann CS, Viding E. Inverted social reward: associations between psychopathic traits and self-report and experimental measures of social reward. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106000. [PMID: 25162519 PMCID: PMC4146585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits tend to undervalue long-term, affiliative relationships, but it remains unclear what motivates them to engage in social interactions at all. Their experience of social reward may provide an important clue. In Study 1 of this paper, a large sample of participants (N = 505) completed a measure of psychopathic traits (Self-Report Psychopathy Scale Short-Form) and a measure of social reward value (Social Reward Questionnaire) to explore what aspects of social reward are associated with psychopathic traits. In Study 2 (N = 110), the same measures were administered to a new group of participants along with two experimental tasks investigating monetary and social reward value. Psychopathic traits were found to be positively correlated with the enjoyment of callous treatment of others and negatively associated with the enjoyment of positive social interactions. This indicates a pattern of ‘inverted’ social reward in which being cruel is enjoyable and being kind is not. Interpersonal psychopathic traits were also positively associated with the difference between mean reaction times (RTs) in the monetary and social experimental reward tasks; individuals with high levels of these traits responded comparatively faster to social than monetary reward. We speculate that this may be because social approval/admiration has particular value for these individuals, who have a tendency to use and manipulate others. Together, these studies provide evidence that the self-serving and cruel social behaviour seen in psychopathy may in part be explained by what these individuals find rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Foulkes
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Eamon J. McCrory
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Neumann
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Essi Viding
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ruff CC, Fehr E. The neurobiology of rewards and values in social decision making. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:549-62. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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